Eiio?ieueia ?iaioa
c aeenoeeie?ie “ AAIE?ANUeEEE IAIAAeAEIAIO ”
c niaoe?aeueiino? «Aaie?anueea ? no?aoiaa ni?aaa»
I.?.A. iaoiaeenoa ?iaeueyiiaa Oaia?a ?aai?aia
IEAI.
TOC \o “1-1” 1. Aaie?anueea iie?oeea, ?? cia/aiiy
o i?ioean? no?aoaa?/iiai ieaioaaiiy. PAGEREF _Toc464905836 \h 3
2. Oi?aae?iiy e?ea?aei?noth a aaie?anueeeo onoaiiaao. PAGEREF
_Toc464905837 \h 5
3. Aecia/eoue eiao?oe??io ROE
aeey aaieo «Ia?iaeiee» PAGEREF _Toc464905838 \h 9
Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e PAGEREF _Toc464905839 \h 9
1. Aaie?anueea iie?oeea,
?? cia/aiiy o i?ioean? no?aoaa?/iiai ieaioaaiiy.
Aaie?anueea iie?oeea, ui aecia/a? ae?? ia ia?niaeoeao, ae?iaey?oueny o
i?ioean? no?aoaa?/iiai ieaioaaiiy, yea yaey? niaith iaea?eueo
a?aeiia?aeaeueio /anoeio aaie?anueeiai oi?aae?iiy. Neeaaeiaeie /anoeiaie
aaie?anueei? iie?oeee ?:
e?aaeeoia iie?oeea;
aeaiiceoia iie?oeea;
?iaanoeoe?eia iie?oeea;
i?ioeaioia iie?oeea.
I?e oi?ioaaii? aaie?anueei? iie?oeee aaeeea cia/aiiy ia? aecia/aiiy
ia?niaeoea ci?i e?euee?nieo, ye?nieo ? nioe?aeueieo iieaciee?a ?icaeoeo
aaieo, iaa?oiooaaiiy i?eioeei?a cae?eniaiiy eiai ae?yeueiino?,
aeae?eaiiy i??i?eoao?a ? aea?? iaoiae?a i?aai?caoe?? ?iaioe. sse
cacia/a? ?.Ae.Iaiiiiaa, “ca no/anieo oiia aeaeaei ia an? iiainoai?ai?
eiia?oe?ei? aaiee iathoue i?iaeoiaio iie?oeeo nai?? ae?yeueiino?. Oae,
aaaaoi c ieo ia ae?iaeee e?eoa???a aeai?o ee??io?a aeey e?aaeeooaaiiy,
oiaoi, ii noo?, “i?aeno?iththoueny” i?ae aeiiae ee??io?a i?e
i?aai?caoe?? e?aaeeoiiai i?ioeano” [1;43].
Oi?ioaaiiy aeiiii?/ii iaa?oioiaaii? aaie?anueei? iie?oeee aeiaaa?
?ica’yceo o?ueio aaaeeeaeo ieoaiue:
i?aai?caoe?eiiai;
aeiiii?/iiai;
?ioi?iaoe?eiiai.
I?aai?caoe?eia ieoaiiy ia?aaeaa/a? aecia/aiiy i?ae?icae?eo, ui
caeia?oueny ieaioaaiiyi, ii/eiath/e c iiyae aaaeeeai? ?aea? ? aae aei ??
ao?eaiiy a eiie?aoi? caoiaee e oeeo?ia? iieacieee. A aaieao
aeniei?icaeiooeo e?a?i c ?eieiaith aeiiii?eith ieaioaaiiyi caeiathoueny:
ieaiiaee a?aeae?e, noai?aiee naia aeey oeueiai;
oei/aniaee eieaeoea – oae caaiee iiceiaee oeaio?, noai?aiee aeey
ae??oaiiy yei?nue iaaii? i?iaeaie. Aei eiai neeaaeo aoiaeyoue oai?/?
ethaee ia c /enea aaie?anueeeo neoaeaiaoe?a. Aei oaei? ?iaioe iiaeooue
aooe caeo/ai? a/ai?, th?enoe, o?iainenoe (aooaaeoa?e) i?aei?e?inoa,
i?aai?caoe?e ? o.?.
Aaie?anueea iie?oeea, ye ? no?aoaa?/ia ieaioaaiiy a oe?eiio,
a?oioo?oueny ia aeeaieiio aiae?c? eii’thieoo?e a?ioiaiai ?eieo e
iiaeeeainoyo naiiai aaieo.
Aaaeeeaei aeaiaioii aiae?oe/ii? ?iaioe aaieo i?e oi?ioaaii? iei nai??
iie?oeee ? aaie?anueeee ia?eaoeia, yeee ia?aaeaa/a? aeeiiaiiy ianooiieo
caaaeaiue:
aiae?c iiieoo e i?iiiceoe?? ia aaie?anuee? iineoae a aeaiiio ?aa?ii?, a
oaeiae ca eiai iaaeaie;
ioe?iea i?noey aeaiiai aaieo a caaeiaieaii? ?nith/eo iio?aa o
aaie?anueeeo iineoaao (e?aaeeooaaiiy, ?iaanooaaiiy, eiinoeueooaaiiy,
i?aai?caoe?y aacaio?aeiaeo ?ic?aooie?a, i?iaaaeaiiy e?c?iaiaec iia?aoe?e
oiui);
ii??aiyiiy ii?i aeo?ao ia cae?eniaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo iia?aoe?e ??cieie
aaieaie;
iaeaaiaeaeaiiy ?aeeaie.
“Ia?eaoeia ia?aaeaa/a? ianaiia?aae c’ynoaaiiy eiea ?aaeueieo ?
iioaioe?eieo ee??io?a aaieo iacaeaaeii a?ae i?noey ?oiueiai
?icoaooaaiiy. A ca?oa?aei?e i?aeoeoe? aaaaoi eiia?oe?eieo aaie?a,
noai?ai? ye oa?eoi??aeuei?, caiaeii aeeoee ca iaae? ianeoaiaoaaii?
oa?eoi???, noai?eaoe o?e?? nai?o aaie?a ii an?e e?a?i?” [1; 44]. Oni?oia
canoinoaaiiy ia?eaoeiao aeiaaa? aeia?iai ciaiiy aaieii, yeeo
aaie?anueeeo iineoa iio?aaothoue o??ie, ?icoaoiaai? ia oa?eoi???, yeo
a?i ianeoaiao?, e?euee?ni? ia?aiao?e oeeo iineoa, aeiiae ee??io?a aei
?o yeino?. C oe??th iaoith aaie iiaea i?iaiaeeoe aieaooaaiiy nai?o
?aaeueieo ? iioaioe?eieo ee??io?a. A oae?e aieao? iathoue aooe
ia?a?aoiaai? aeaee iineoa, yeeo iio?aaoaaoe ee??io.
Aiaeii/an aaie aea/a? nai? iiaeeeaino? c iaeyaeo ia ianya ? no?oeoo?o
e?aaeeoieo ?ano?n?a, e?ea?aei?noue aaeaino, ??aaiue aeo?ao ia
i?iaaaeaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo iia?aoe?e, oaoi?/io iniauai?noue aaieo,
eaae?o?eaoe?th eaae??a, Ia i?aenoaa? oaeiai aiae?co aaie oi?io? iie?oeeo
uiaei eiaeii? noa?e ae?yeueiino? (e?aaeeoia, ?iaanoeoe?eia, ?ic?aooieiaa
oiui). I?e oeueiio iaia’yceiai a?aoiaothoueny e iiaeeeaino? aaie?a –
eiieo?aio?a.
Iaiao?aeieie oiiaaie oni?iiai i?iaaaeaiiy aaie?anueeiai ia?eaoeiao ?
noai?aiiy ?icaaeoaeaii? nenoaie ?ioi?iaoe?eii? neoaeae, aeniea oaoi?/ia
iniauai?noue, cie?aia iiaeeea?noue canoinoaaiiy
aeaeo?iiii-ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee o i?ioean? aiae?co e i?iaiicoaaiiy
eii’thieoo?e ?eieo, i?aai?caoe?? ?aeeaie.
2. Oi?aae?iiy e?ea?aei?noth
a aaie?anueeeo onoaiiaao.
Aaaeeeaei oaeoi?ii, ui aieeaa? ia iiieo ia oie /e ?ioee aaie?anueeee
aeoea ? eiai e?ea?aei?noue, “oiaoi iane?eueee oaeaeei oeae aeoea iiaeia
ia?aoai?eoe o aio?aeo aac cia/ieo ao?ao eiai aa?oino?” [2;140]. Oiio
iaeiei c aieiaieo caaaeaiue, ui noi?oue ia?aae anyeei aaieii, ?
caaacia/aiiy aeinoaoiuei? e?eueeino? aio?aee, iaiao?aeii? aeey aeieaoe
aeeaaeieeai o ?ac? a?aeieeao aeeaae?a, oiaoi eiee aeaiiceoe
ao?a/athoueny, ai aeeaaeieee aeeo/athoue nai? a?io? ? aeiaaathoue
io?eiaiiy aio?aee. “Uia iaoe i?ae ?oeith aeinoaoith noio aio?aee, aaie
iiaeiai oi?aaeyoe e?ea?aei?noth. Eiio iio??aii aeey iie?eooy
ciaia’ycaiue aeeaaeieeai iaoe a?aeiia?aeio e?euee?noue e?ea?aeieo
aeoea?a” [2;264].
I.Ae. A?einoioeueea cacia/a?, ui “ iianyeaeaiia ?iaioa eiia?oe?eiiai
aaieo ii oi?aae?iith e?ea?aei?noth ni?yiiaaia ia naiicaa?aaeaiiy aaieo,
oiiaith yeiai aenooia? aacoieiia aeeiiaiiy ciaia’ycaiue ia?aae
ee??ioaie. C i?aai?caoe?eii? oi/ee ci?o aiia ia?aaeaa/a?aeio?eiaiiy
ni?aa?aeiioaiue ie?aieo a?oi ? noaoae ianea?a ? aeoea?a aaeaino,
cao?eniaaieo o iaaieo iieacieeao” [1;88]. Oae? iieacieee iiae?eythoue ia
aioo??oi? oa ciai?oi?.
Aei ciai?oi?o iieaciee?a iaeaaeaoue o?, ui anoaiiaeththoueny
Iaoe?iiaeueiei aaieii. Aiie yaeythoue niaith oi?io aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aae?iiy ae?yeuei?noth eiia?oe?eiiai aaieo. Aioo??oi? iieacieee
aecia/athoue iaea?eueo caaaeuei? i?iii?oe??, iaiao?aei? aeey
caaacia/aiiy o?iainiai? no?eeino? aaieo. Iai?eeeaae, iieaciee iioi/ii?
e?ea?aeiino? E4 ?ice?eaa? a?aeiioaiiy caaaeueii? noie e?ea?aeieo eioo?a
aei ciaia’ycaiue aaieo ii ?aooieao aei caieoaiiy. sseui eiai cia/aiiy
aeey eiia?oe?eieo aaie?a aei??aith? 0,3, oi oea icia/a?, ui 30 %
aeoea?a, ui a?aeiia?aeathoue noi? caeeoe?a ?aooie?a aei caieoaiiy,
iaiao?aeii o?eiaoe a iaea?eueo e?ea?aei?e oi?i?: caeeoe?a a?ioae a eanao
aaieo, caeeoe?a ia eiai ei?aniiiaeaionueeeo ?aooieao, iae?aaoe?e
aea?aeaaieo iicee, aeaeaieo e?aaeeo?a oa?i?iii iiaaoaiiy aei 1 i?nyoey
oiui. Eiie?aoia /anoea eiaeiiai c oeeo aeoea?a a ?o caaaeueiiio ianyc?
aecia/a?oueny naiei eiia?oe?eiei aaieoii, i?e/iio aiia ia iiaea
neeaaeaoeny aeia?eueii. I?iii?oe?? ie?aieo aeae?a e?ea?aeieo aeoea?a
anoaiiaeththoueny eiia?oe?eiei aaieii naiino?eii c o?aooaaiiyi
o?aaeeoe?e, ui neeaeeny e niaoeeo?ee ?iaioe, a oaeiae iniaeeainoae
ae?yeueiino? ee??ioo?e. Oe? i?iii?oe?? o?enothoueny a oi?i? aioo??oi?o
iieaciee?a e?ea?aeiino? e neoaeaoue i???ioe?ii a iia?aoeai?e ?iaio?
a?aeiia?aeieo neoaea ? oao?aoe?a aaieo.
I?e ?iaio? c oi?aae?iiy e?ea?aei?noth o?aaa a?aoiaoaaoe ??ci? oaeoi?e,
ye? iiaeia oiiaii caanoe a /ioe?e a?oie:
A) aeiaaeeia? e iaaecae/aei?, ui aeieeathoue o ca’yceo c iniaeeainoyie
ae?yeueiino? ee??io?a aaieo;
A) naciii?, ui iathoue a?aeiioaiiy aei ae?iaieoeoaa ? ia?a?iaee
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe??;
A) oeeee?/i?, ui a?aeaeaathoue eieeaaiiy ae?eiai? aeoeaiino?;
A) aeiaaino?ieia?, ni?e/eiai? c?ooaiiyie o niiaeeaaii?, ?iaanoeoe?eiiio
i?ioean?, ?icaeoeii iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai i?ia?ano.
An? oe? iieacieee ? nai???aeieie iaiaaeieeaie, ui caaacia/othoue
a?aeiia?aeio ni?yiiaai?noue ae?yeueiino? eiia?oe?eiiai aaieo; ?o
aeio?eiaiiy ia ? aaciina?aaeiueith ?iaioith aaieo. Oe?eueiaa ooieoe?y
oi?aae?iiy aaieii aecia/a?oueny ci?noii i?ioeano – iicaye aaie yaey?
niaith eiia?oe?eia i?aei?e?inoai, inoaoi/ii. Iaoith eiai ae?yeueiino? ?
caeiaoooy i?eaooeo. Oeei caaacia/o?oueny “naiicaa?aaeaiiy” aaieo ye
onoaiiae, ui ooieoe?iio? a ?eieiaiio na?aaeiaeu?.
Iniiaith e?ea?aeiino? aeey eiia?oe?eiiai aaieo ? caaacia/aiiy
i?eaooeiaino? ae?iaie/i? ae?yeueiino? (aeeiioaaieo iia?aoe?e). Aiaeii/an
iniaeeaino? ?iaioe aaieo ye onoaiiae, ae?yeuei?noue yei? a?oioo?oueny ia
aeei?enoaii? eioo?a ee??io?a, aeeeoo? iaiao?aei?noue canoinoaaiiy
niaoeeo?/ieo iieaciee?a e?ea?aeiino?. Oi/a caaaeueia ? niaoeeo?/ia
e?ea?aei?noue eiia?oe?eiiai aaieo aeiiiaiththoue iaeia iaeio,
ni?yiiaai?noue ?oiuei? ae?? ? i?ioeeaaeiith. Iaeneiaeueia niaoeeo?/ia
e?ea?aei?noue aeinyaa?oueny i?e iaenei?caoe?? caeeoe?a o eanao ? ia
ei?aniiiaeaionueeeo ?aooieao ii a?aeiioaiith aei ?ioeo aeoea?a. Aea naia
a oeueiio ?ac? i?eaooie aaieo i?i?iaeueiee. Iaenei?caoe?y i?eaooeo
aeiaaa? ia caiuaaeaeaiiy eioo?a, a ?oiueiai canoinoaaiiy aeaeey iaaeaiiy
iice/ie ? cae?eniaiiy ?iaanoeoe?e. Iicaye aeey oeueiai iaiao?aeii caanoe
eaniao aio?aeo e caeeoee ia ei?aniiiaeaionueeeo ?aooieao aei i?i?ioio,
oi iaenei?caoe?y i?eaooeo caa?iaeo? aacoieiiino? aeeiiaiiy aaieii nai?o
ciaia’ycaiue ia?aae ee??ioaie.
“Ioaea, nooi?noue aaie?anueeiai oi?aae?iiy e?ea?aei?noth iieyaa? o
aio/eiio ii?aeiaii? i?ioeeaaeieo aeiia caaaeueii? ? niaoeeo?/ii?
e?ea?aeiino?. Oe?eueiaa ooieoe?y oi?aae?iiy e?ea?aei?noth eiia?oe?eiei
aaieii iieyaa? a iaenei?caoe?? i?eaooeo i?e iaia’yceiaii aeio?eiaii?
anoaiiaeaieo ? aeciaiieo naiei aaieii aeiiii?/ieo ii?iaoea?a” [1;89-90].
Cae?eniaiiy oi?aae?iiy e?ea?aei?noth aeiaaa? a?aeiia?aeiiai
iia?aoeaii-?ioi?iaoe?eiiai caaacia/aiiy. Aaie iiaeiiee iaoe iia?aoeaio
?ioi?iaoe?th i?i iayai? a iueiai e?ea?aei? eiooe, i/?eoaai?
iaaeoiaeaeaiiy e iaeaooi? ieaoaae?. Oey ?ioi?iaoe?y iiaea?oueny a
aeaeyae? a?ao?e?a iaaeoiaeaeaiue ? ieaoaae?a, ui aeieeaathoue c
i?eeiyoeo ciaia’ycaiue, ia a?aeiia?aeiee ia??iae. Aeaia ?ioi?iaoe?y ?
iniiaith aeey ?icaeyaeo iaeaoa e?aaeeoieo i?iiiceoe?e ia aeaiee ia??iae.
Aaie?anueea oi?aae?iiy e?ea?aei?noth ia? iaai? iniaeeaino? ii??aiyii c
?ioeie eiia?oe?eieie i?aei?e?inoaaie. sse ? a ?ioeo i?aei?e?inoaao, a
aaieao iaenei?caoe?y i?eaooeo aeinyaa?oueny ca?eueoaiiyi iaaeoiaeaeaiue
(aeoi?ao) e nei?i/aiiyi aeo?ao. I?ioa ci?no oeeo iieaciee?a o
eiia?oe?eieo aaieao niaoeeo?/iee. Aiie aeeth/athoue ia caaaeueiee
(aaeiaee) iai?io aaie?anueeiai “aeoi?ao”, a eeoa oo eiai /anoeio, ui
caaacia/o? oi?ioaaiiy e aeei?enoaiiy i?eaooeo. Iniiaiee aeaiaio iai?ioo
– iaaeaiiy e iiaaoaiiy iice/ie – ?aaoeth?oueny o a?aeiia?aeiino? c
caeiiaie ?ooo aa?oino?, ui iaaeaia a iiceeo.
Ianya aaeiaiai i?eaooeo aaieo caeaaeeoue a?ae ?ici??o eioo?a, iaaeaieo o
iiceeo, oa ?oiuei? “oe?ie”, oiaoi i?ioeaioieo noaaie. Ae?y eiaeiiai c
oeeo oaeoi??a, ie??i aieeao ?eieiai? eii’thieoo?e, caeaaeeoue a?ae
niaoeeo?/ieo aeiia caaacia/aiiy e?ea?aeiino?.
Aaee/eia e?aaeeoieo aeeaaeaiue eiia?oe?eiiai aaieo aecia/a?oueny ianyaii
aeanieo ? caeo/aieo eioo?a. I?ioa ia an? oe? eiooe iiaeooue aooe
aeei?enoai? aeey e?aaeeooaaiiy, aaeaea /anoeio ?o aaie caeeoa? a yeino?
?aca?a?a. Ioaea caaaeaiiyi aaieo ? aecia/aiiy ianyao o.ca. aoaeoeaieo
?ano?n?a, oiaoi oaeeo, ui ni?yiiaothoueny ia cae?eniaiiy e?aaeeoieo
aeeaaeaiue. Aeeiy ia/eneaiiy ?o canoiniao?oueny oaea oi?ioea:
E?a = Oo + Cae+ Ae + C? + Ccae – IA – 0,1 (Ae + I?) – 0,3 I?,
aea: E?a – aoaeoeai? e?aaeeoi? ?ano?ne;
Oo – noaoooiee oiiae;
Cae– caeeoee aeanieo eioo?a aaieo;
Ae – aeaiiceoe;
C? – caeeoee ia ?ic?aooieiaeo oa ?ioeo ?aooieao ee??io?a o aaieo;
Ccae – ?io? caeo/ai? eiooe;
IA – ?ano?ne, aeeaaeai? a aoaeeiie aaieo, iaeaaeiaiiy oa ?io?
iecueeie?ea?aei? aeoeae.
Ca?aeii iaaaaeaii? oi?ioee, ianya aoaeoeaieo ?ano?n?a aecia/a?oueny ye
??cieoey i?ae noiith ianea?a aaeaino aaieo (ca ae?aooaaiiyi aeeaaeaiue a
aeoeae – aoaeeiee oa ?i.) ? caeeoe?a caeo/aieo eioo?a, ni?yiiaaieo a
oiiae ?aaoethaaiiy e?aaeeoieo ?ano?n?a (10 % a?ae caeeoe?a aeaiiceo?a –
0,1 (Ae + C?)), a oaeiae ?ici?uaieo o e?ea?aei? aeoeae, ui aeeeth/athoue
?o aeei?enoaiiy aeey iaaeaiiy iice/ie (0,3 C?).
sseui aaie ?icii/eia? naith ae?yeuei?noue, oi a?i ?aae?co? oe?eueiao
ooieoe?th oi?aae?iiy e?ea?aei?noth a aaeaeaaoiiio ?ici?uaii? ?ano?n?a, a
yeui aaie aaea ooieoe?iio?, oi oi?aae?iiy e?ea?aei?noth aaea
?aae?co?oueny o anoaiiaeaii? ianyao e aeaea?ae iie?eooy aeao?oeeoo
?ano?n?a. Ianya a?eueieo ?ano?n?a (E?a) oa aeao?oeeo ?ano?n?a (E?ae)
aeciaa/athoueny ye ??cieoey noie aoaeoeaieo ?ano?n?a ? oaeoe/ieo
e?aaeeoieo aeeaaeaiue aaieo (EAo):
E?a (E?ae) = E?a – EAo.
3. Aecia/eoue eiao?oe??io ROE
aeey aaieo «Ia?iaeiee»
Ca ieioeee ??e iniiai? iieacieee ae?yeueiino? aaieo noaiiaeee:
— aaethoa aaeaino — 60 000;
— eiooe o ean? oa ia ei?. ?aooieao — 10 000;
— e?aaeeoi? aeeaaeaiiy — 30 000,
o o. /. aeaeai? i?aeaaie?anuee? e?aaeeoe — 8 000;
— ?iaanoeoe?? o aea?aeaai? oe?ii? iaia?e — 6 000;
— ?iaanoeoe?? o noi?nio ae?yeuei?noue — 1 000;
aeani? eiooe:
noaoooiee eai?oae — 5 000;
oiiae e?aaeeoieo ?ecee?a — 1 600;
ia?iciiae?eaiee i?eaooie
iiia?aaei?o ia??iae?a — 3 400;
— caeo/ai? eiooe — 40 000,
o o. /. ?ic?aooieia? oa iioi/i?
?aooiee ee??io?a — 1 800,
o o. /. ieaoi? aeeaaee oa aeaiiceoe — 22 000;
aaeainiaee i?eaooie ca ieioeee ??e — 6 000;
i?ioeaioiee i?eaooie ca ieioeee ??e — 10 000;
noeoii? aeioiaee — 48 000;
noeoii? aeaeaoee — 42 000;
noaaea iiiaeaoeoaaiiy — 50%
?ica’ycie
Aecia/eii iaa?aeii? aaee/eie:
Eai?oae
aaieo = noaoooiee
eai?oae + oiiae e?aaeeo-
ieo ?ecee?a + ia?iciiae?eaiee i?eao-oie iiia?aaei?o ia??iae?a +
o?iainiaee ?acoeueoao ca ieioeee ??e
Eai?oae
aaieo = 5000 + 1600 + 3400 + 3000 = 13000
O?iainiaee ?acoeueoao = aaeainiaee i?eaooie — iiaeaoie ia i?eaooie =
6000 – 50% x 6000
100% = 3000
Ioaea Eiao?oe??io i?eaooeiaino? = 3000
13 000 = 0,23
Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e
Aaieianeia aeaei/ Iiae ?aae. I.E.Eaa?ooeia. – I.: Aaieianeee e ae?aeaaie
iao/ii-eiinoeueoaoeeiiiue oeaio?, 1992. – 428 n.
Ieoe?i, O?aaea??e N. Aeiiii?ea a?ioae, aaie?anueei? ni?aae ? o?iainiaeo
?eie?a – E.: Iniiae, 1998. – 963 n.
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