OAeE 618.177 618.15-002 616-078
Eeth/ia? neiaa: iaaeiiooaaiiy aaa?oiino?, ia?aae/ani? iieiae,
i?e?iaia oei?a.
?.?.Aoaeeaie, i?io., ae.i.i., A.O.No?oe.
Eaoaae?a aeooa?noaa oa
a?iaeieia?? ?aaii-O?aie?anueei?
aea?aeaaii? iaaee/ii? aeaaeai??.
?IEUe ?IOAEOe?EIIAI OAEOI?O
A IAAEIIOOAAII? AAA?OIINO?.
?ACTHIA.
A ?iaio? i?iaaaeaii ?ao?iniaeoeaiee aiae?c 1894 ?noi??e oai?ia ? ?iae?a
aaa?oieo ?c caa?icith ia?a?eaaiiy aaa?oiino?, naiia?eueieie aeeeaeiyie
oa ia?aae/anieie iieiaaie. Anoaiiaeaii, ui ia?oee oa ae?oaee nooiai?
/enoioe i?oae a 3 ?ace /ano?oa niinoa??aathoueny o aaa?oieo, o yeeo
aaeaeiny i?ieiiaoaaoe aaa?oi?noue, oiae? ye o?ao?e ? /aoaa?oee nooiai?
/enoioe i?oae iaee i?noea a 1,8 ?ace /ano?oa o ae?iie, o yeeo
aaa?oi?noue cae?i/eeany naiia?eueiei aeeeaeiai /e ia?aae/anieie
iieiaaie.
Oe?eani?yiiaaia aecia/aiiy oa?aeoa?o i?e?ioei?e ai?noo i?oae oa
aei?iaeiaa naiaoe?y aaa?oieo ? iaeiei ?c ?aca?a?a, yeee aeicaieeoue
cieceoe /anoioo iaaeiiooaaiiy aaa?oiino?.
Iaei??th ?c aeooaeueieo i?iaeai a no/aniiio aeooa?noa? caeeoa?oueny
i?iaeaia iaaeiiooaaiiy aaa?oiino?. Aeaia i?iaeaia ia? ia eeoa iaaee/i?,
aea e nioe?aeuei? aniaeoe, ui coiiaeaii iecueeei ??aiai ia?iaeaeoaaiino?
oa a?aenooi?noth oaiaeaioe?? aei cieaeaiiy /anoioe iaaeiiooaaiiy ye a
iao?e e?a?i?, oae ? ca ei?aeiiii. Ii aeaieo AIIC, /anoioa niiioaiieo
aeeeaei?a neeaaea? 15-20%, a ia?aae/anieo iieia?a – 4,5-7,3%. Ia oii?
caaaeueiiai cieaeaiiy ia?iaeaeoaaiino? ciaioaiiy ??aiy naiia?eueieo
aeeeaei?a oa ia?aae/anieo iieia?a noa? aaaiiei ?aca?aii, eio?ee aea?
iiaeeea?noue cia/ii iie?aueoe neeaaeio aeaiia?ao?/io neooaoe?th a e?a?i?
[4].
A?aeiii, ui iaaeiiioai? ae?oe no?aaeaeathoue ia o?ce/io, ?ioaeaeooaeueio
oa aiioe?eio iaiiaiioe?ii?noue. Ieoiia aaaa iaaeiiioaieo ae?oae a
no?oeoo?? ia?eiaoaeueii? nia?oiino? aeinyaa? 50-70%. Iieaciee
ia?oaiia?iaeaeoaa-iino? o iaaeiiioaieo a 5-15 ?ac?a aeua i?ae o
aeiiioaieo ae?oae, a ?aiiuei? iaiiaoaeueii? nia?oiino? aeua a 25-30
?ac?a [6].
I?iaeaia iaaeiiooaaiiy aaa?oiino? ? iie?ao?ieia?/iith. Iaiao?aeii
a?aecia/eoe, ui aei nueiaiaei?oiueiai aeiy iaaeyniaieo i?e/ei
ia?a?eaaiiy aaa?oiino? ? aaaaoi ? /anoioa ?o caeeoa?oueny aenieith –
12-41,2% [5]. Na?aae oaeoi??a, ui i?eaiaeyoue aei ia?a?eaaiiy
aaa?oiino?, ana ae oaee aaaiia i?noea caeia? ?ioaeoe?eiee oaeoi?. Oae ca
aeaieie A.E.Noaiaie?anueei? /1994/ iayai?noue aai?oaeueii? oa
aeno?aaai?oaeueii? ?ioaeoe?? a i?aai?ci? ae?iee neeaaea? 31,5% na?aae
an?o i?e/ei ia?a?eaaiiy aaa?oiino? [3].
Ua a 1892 ?ioe? A.Aeiaea?eaeiii aia?oa aoee iienai? eaeoiaaoeeee, ye
ia?aaaaeath/a neeaaeiaa ii?iaeueii? aaa?iaeueii? i?e?ioei?e. A aeaiee
/an anoaiiaeaii, ui ii?iaeueiee i?e?iaiee neeaae oei?e i?oae aeeth/a?
a?ey 60 ooai?a aaeoa??e ? caeaaeeoue a?ae aaaaoueio oaeoi??a: a?eo
ae?iee, oace iaino?oaeueiiai oeeeeo, naenoaeueii? aeoeaiino?, iayaiino?
aaa?oiino?, aeei?enoaiiy nia?i?oeeae?a, AIN, aioea?ioee?a,
aetheiei?oeei?ae?a, oeeoinoaoee?a, iayaiino? aeayeeo aeno?aaai?oaeueieo
caoai?thaaiue ? o.ae. Aea iciaeith caei?ia’y aaaaea?oueny ia?aaaaeaiiy
eaeoiaaoeee /aei 95%/ a i?e?iaiiio iaecaae? i?oae [1].
Iaoa??ae ? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Aeoiaey/e ?c aeua neacaiiai, ie ae??oeee i?iaiae?coaaoe oa?aeoa?
i?e?ioei?e i?oae o aaa?oieo ?c caa?icith ia?a?eaaiiy aaa?oiino?,
naiia?eueieie aeeeaeiyie oa ia?aae/anieie iieiaaie, acyaoe ca iniiao
aeai? i?e?ineii?? iace?a ?c ai?noo i?oae. Iacee i?eaioiaeyee ca
noaiaea?oiith iaoiaeeeith; oeyoii oa?aoaaiiy 1% aiaeiei ?ic/eiii
iaoeeaiiaiai neiueiai. I?iaaaeaiee ?ao?iniaeoeaiee aiae?c 1894 ?noi??e
oai?ia ? ?iae?a aaa?oieo ?c caa?icith ia?a?eaaiiy aaa?oiino?,
naiia?eueieie aeeeaeiyie oa ia?aae/anieie iieiaaie, eio?? ciaoiaeeeeny
ia noaoe?iia?iiio e?eoaaii? a Eieiieenueeiio iieiaiaiio aoaeeieo ca
ia??iae 1995-1999 ?iee.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue oa ?o iaaiai?aiiy.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui /anoioa iaaeiiooaaiiy aaa?oiino? a na?aaeiueiio neeaaea?
15,8%. Na?aae ianoaaeaieo a ia?oiio o?eiano?? aoei 850 ae?iie /44,9%/, a
ae?oaiio o?eiano?? – 455 /24%/, a o?aoueiio o?eiano?? – 589 /31,1%/. ?c
1894 ianoaaeaieo ae?iie o 1045 /55,2%/ aaa?oi?noue aoea caa?aaeaia.
Iacaaaeath/e ia i?iaaaeaia e?eoaaiiy aaa?oi?noue ia?a?aaeany o 849
ae?iie, ui neeaaea? 44,8%. Aeai? i?i e?euee?niee neeaae aaa?oieo ii
o?eiano?ao aaa?oiino? iaaaaeaii a oaaeeoe? 1.
Oaaeeoey 1.
A?oie ianoaaeaieo E?euee?noue ianoaaeaieo ae?iie, %
1 o?eiano? 2 o?eiano? 3 o?eiano?
Aaa?oi?noue caa?aaeaia 365 /43%/ 369 /81%/ 311 /52,8%/
Aaa?oi?noue ia?a?aaeany 485 /57%/ 86 /19%/ 278 /47,2%/
C iaaaaeaieo aeaieo aeieeaa?, ui /anoioa iaaeiiooaaiiy aaa?oiino?
iaeaeua a ia?oiio o?eiano??, a iaeieae/a a ae?oaiio o?eiano??, ui
a?aeiia?aea? aeaiei e?oa?aoo?e [1,2]. I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c na?ae/eoue i?i
oa, ui iaea?eueo /anoi iaaeiiooaaiiy aaa?oiino? a?aei?/a?oueny o ae?iie
o a?oe? a?ae 18 aei 25 ?ie?a a ia?oiio o?eiano?? aaa?oiino?.
Ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae iaoeaioeyie i?noa ? naea aoei a?aeiia?aeii oaeei:
710 /37,5%/ ? 1184 /62,5%/, ui a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaieo,
aea aeaco?oueny ia ia?aaaaeaiiy aeeoaeueie i?noa. Oea i/aaeaeii
iia’ycaii c iniaeeainoyie ianaeaiiy Eieiieenueeiai ?aeiio iaoi? iaeano?.
Ia?oiaaa?oi? neeaaeathoue 958 /50,6%/, a iiaoi?iiaaa?oi? – 936 /49,4%/
aeiaaee?a. O 890 /46,9%/ aaa?oieo a?aei?/aeany aiai?y ??ciiai nooiaiy
aaaeeino? .O a?oi? aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?aaaaeaee aeiiiainiiaea?ee 1042
/55%/ ? ae?iee, ye? aeeiioaaee aaaeeo o?ce/io i?aoeth 388 /20,5%/.
I?iaiae?coaaaoe ?acoeueoaoe i?e?ineii?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ?c ai?noo
i?oae ia oei?o, iaie aeyaeaii ??cea ca?eueoaiiy /anoioe aeiaaee?a
o?aoueiai ? /aoaa?oiai nooiai?a /enoioe i?oae o aaa?oieo ?c caa?icith
ia?a?eaaiiy aaa?oiino? ii??aiyii ?c eiio?ieai a 3,2 ?aca /?
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