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Інвестиційна діяльність підприємства (курсова)

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?‘N????¶?µN‚ ???°??N–N‚?°?»?3/4?????»?°???µ?1/2N? N? ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???° ?·?°???¶???? ?3/4?±?1/4?µ?¶?µ?1/2????, N‚?3/4?1/4N? N˜?µN??µ?? ???3/4N†N–?»N??1/2??N… ???3/4N‚N?N–?±?1/2?3/4 ?????±N??°N‚?? ?1/2?°???µN„?µ??N‚?1/2N–N?N– N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–N—. ?”?»N˜ N†??N… N†N–?»?µ?? N??3/4?·N??3/4?±?»?µ?1/2?3/4 ?±?°???°N‚?3/4 ?1/4?µN‚?3/4??N–??, ?3/4N˜?1/2?3/4???1/2N– ?· N˜????N… ??N??µ??N˜N‚?°???»?µ?1/2N– ?1/2?° ?1/4?°?»N??1/2??N? 2.

???µN‚?3/4???? ?3/4N†N–?1/2???? ?µN„?µ??N‚?????1/2?3/4N˜N‚N–
?§??N˜N‚?° ???3/4N‚?3/4N‡?1/2?° ???°N?N‚N–N˜N‚N? ?§?”?” (NPV)
?†?1/2???µ??N˜ N??µ?1/2N‚?°?±?µ?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–?? ?†?  (PI)
?’?1/2N?N‚N?N–N??1/2N˜ ?1/2?3/4N??1/4?° ??N????±N?N‚???3/4???3/4N˜N‚N– ?’?˜?” (IRR)
???µN?N–?3/4?? ?3/4??N????1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–?? ???’?† (PP)
???3/4?µN„N–N†N–N”?1/2N‚ ?µN„?µ??N‚?????1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–?? ???•?† (ARR)
???3/4?µN„N–N†N–N”?1/2N‚ ???3/4??N???N‚N‚N˜ ?±?3/4N???N? ?????” (DCR)



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1. ???»?°N˜??N„N–???°N†N–N˜ N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2??N… N†N–?»?µ?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°:
???3/4 ??????N? ?3/4N‡N–??N????°?1/2?3/4???3/4 ?µN„?µ??N‚N?:
?µ???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–N‡?1/2N– N†N–?»N– – ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡N?N?N‚N? ?3/4N‚N????1/4?°?1/2?1/2N˜ N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4???3/4 ???3/4N…?3/4??N? N‡?? N–?1/2N???N… ?µ???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–N‡?1/2??N… N??µ?·N??»N?N‚?°N‚N–??;
???3/4?·?°?µ???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–N‡?1/2N– ?1/4?µN‚?? – ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡N?N?N‚N? ????N?N–N??µ?1/2?1/2N˜ N˜?3/4N†N–?°?»N??1/2??N… ?·?°?????°?1/2N?, ??N–??????N‰?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ N–?1/4N–???¶N? ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°, ?µ???3/4?»?3/4??N–N‡?1/2N? ?±?µ?·???µ??N? N‚?3/4N‰?3/4.
2. ?—?° ?1/2?°??N?N˜?1/4???°?1/4?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N–:
N†N–?»N– N??µ?°?»N??1/2?3/4???3/4 N–?1/2???µN˜N‚N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ – ?????·?1/2?°N‡?°N?N‚N?N˜N˜ ?·?° ???°?»N??·?µ???3/4N? N‚?° N??µ??N–?3/4?1/2?°?»N??1/2?3/4N— N˜??N?N˜?1/4?3/4???°?1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– N??µ?°?»N??1/2??N… N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–??;
?1/4?µN‚?? N„N–?1/2?°?1/2N˜?3/4???3/4???3/4 N–?1/2???µN˜N‚N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ – ???µN?N˜???µ??N‚?????? ??N??????±?°?1/2?1/2N˜ ???3/4?1/2N‚N??3/4?»N??1/2??N… ???°???µN‚N–?? ?°??N†N–?? N–?1/2N???N… ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚??, ???°N??°?1/4?µN‚N??? N„?3/4N??1/4N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ ???3/4N?N‚N„?µ?»N˜ N„N–?1/2?°?1/2N˜?3/4????N… N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–??;
N†N–?»N– N„?3/4N??1/4N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2??N… N??µN˜N?N?N˜N–?? – N‚?µ?1/4???? N„?3/4N??1/4N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ ???»?°N˜?1/2??N… N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2??N… N??µN˜N?N?N˜N–??, N˜N‚N?N???N‚N?N??° N„?3/4N??1/4?3/4???°?1/2??N… N??µN˜N?N?N˜N–?? N‚?° N—N… ???°N?N‚N–N˜N‚N?.
3. ???3/4 ?3/4?±'N”??N‚?°N… N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2?3/4???3/4 N???N??°???»N–?1/2?1/2N˜:
?1/4?µN‚?? ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???° – ?????·?1/2?°N‡?°?»N??1/2N– ?? N˜??N˜N‚?µ?1/4N– N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2??N… N†N–?»?µ??;

N†N–?»N– ?3/4??N??µ?1/4??N… N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2??N… ?·?3/4?1/2 ???3/4N˜???3/4???°N?N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ – ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡N?N?N‚N? ?µN„?µ??N‚?????1/2N? ??N–N˜?»N??1/2N–N˜N‚N? N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2??N… ?3/4?±'N”??N‚N–?? ?? N˜N‚N?N???N‚N?N?N– ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°;
N†N–?»N– ?3/4??N??µ?1/4??N… N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2??N… ???3/4N˜???3/4???°N?N˜N?????N… N†?µ?1/2N‚N?N–?? – ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡N?N?N‚N? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2N? ??N–??N‚N????1/4??N? N„?3/4N??1/4N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ N‚?° N??3/4?·????N‚??N? "N†?µ?1/2N‚N?N–?? ??N–?????3/4??N–???°?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N–".
4. ???3/4 N˜??N?N˜?1/4?3/4???°?1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N–:
???1/2N?N‚N?N–N??1/2N– N†N–?»N– – ?????·?1/2?°N‡?°N?N‚N? ?1/2?°??N?N˜?1/4?? N??3/4?·????N‚??N? ???1/2N?N‚N?N–N??1/2N–N… N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–?? ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???° (N??3/4?·????N‚?3/4?? ????N??3/4?±?1/2??N‡?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N–, ????N?N–N??µ?1/2?1/2N˜ N˜?3/4N†N–?°?»N??1/2??N… ??N??3/4?±?»?µ?1/4 ???3/4?»?µ??N‚????N? N‚?3/4N‰?3/4);
?·?3/4???1/2N–N??1/2N– N†N–?»N– – ?1/2?°??N?N˜?1/4?? N‚?° ?3/4N‡N–??N????°?1/2N– N??µ?·N??»N?N‚?°N‚?? ?·?3/4???1/2N–N??1/2N–N… N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–?? ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???° (??N–N‚N‡???·?1/2N˜?1/2??N… N‚?° N–?1/2?3/4?·?µ?1/4?1/2??N…).
5. ?—?° ??N?N–?3/4N???N‚?µN‚?1/2???1/4 ?·?1/2?°N‡?µ?1/2?1/2N˜?1/4:
???3/4?»?3/4???1/2?° ?1/4?µN‚?° – ?1/4?°??N˜???1/4N–?·?°N†N–N˜ ???3/4?±N??3/4?±N?N‚N? ???»?°N˜?1/2????N–?? ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°;
?3/4N˜?1/2?3/4???1/2N– ?1/4?µN‚?? – ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡N?N?N‚N? N??µ?°?»N–?·?°N†N–N? ???3/4?»?3/4???1/2?3/4N— ?1/4?µN‚??;
???3/4???3/4?1/4N–?¶?1/2N– ?1/4?µN‚?? – ??N˜N– N–?1/2N?N– N†N–?»N–.
6. ?—?° N…?°N??°??N‚?µN??3/4?1/4 ?????»????N? ?1/2?° N??µ?·N??»N?N‚?°N‚:
??N?N˜?1/4N– ?1/4?µN‚?? – ??N?N˜?1/4?3/4 ???3/4??'N˜?·?°?1/2N– ?· ??N–?1/2N†?µ?????1/4?? N??µ?·N??»N?N‚?°N‚?°?1/4?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– (???3/4?»?3/4???1/2?° ?1/4?µN‚?°, N?N˜?? ?3/4N˜?1/2?3/4???1/2??N… N†N–?»?µ??);
??N–??N‚N????1/4N?N?N‚N? ?1/4?µN‚?? – ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡N?N?N‚N? N??µ?°?»N–?·?°N†N–N? ??N?N˜?1/4??N… N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2??N… N†N–?»?µ?? (???????3/4N???N˜N‚?°?1/2?1/2N˜ ?1/2?3/4????N… N‚?µN…?1/2?3/4?»?3/4??N–??, N????3/4N˜???3/4?1/2?°?»?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ ?3/4N????°?1/2N–?·?°N†N–???1/2?3/4N— N˜N‚N?N???N‚N?N??? N???N??°???»N–?1/2?1/2N˜ N‚?° N–?1/2N?N–).
7. ???3/4 N˜??N?N˜?1/4?3/4???°?1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ??N–??N‚???3/4N?N????°?»N??1/2?3/4???3/4 ??N??3/4N†?µN˜N?:
N†N–?»N– N??3/4?·????N‚??N? – N˜??N?N˜?1/4?3/4???°?1/2N– ?1/2?° ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ ??N???N??3/4N˜N‚N? ?°??N‚????N–?? ?°?±?3/4 ???»?°N˜?1/2?3/4???3/4 ???°??N–N‚?°?»N? ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°;
N??µ?1/2?3/4???°N†N–???1/2N– ?1/4?µN‚?? – ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡N?N?N‚N? N˜???3/4N”N‡?°N˜?1/2N? ?·?°?1/4N–?1/2N? ?°?1/4?3/4N?N‚???·?3/4???°?1/2??N… ?3/4N˜?1/2?3/4???1/2??N… ?·?°N˜?3/4?±N–?? N– ?1/2?µ?1/4?°N‚?µN?N–?°?»N??1/2??N… ?°??N‚????N–?? ?? N??°?1/4???°N… ??N??3/4N˜N‚?3/4???3/4 N—N… ??N–??N‚???3/4N??µ?1/2?1/2N˜.
??N˜?1/2?3/4???1/2N– ?????1/4?3/4???? ???3/4 N„?3/4N??1/4N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2??N… N†N–?»?µ?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°:
1. ??N–?????3/4N?N˜?????3/4???°?1/2N–N˜N‚N? ???3/4?»?3/4???1/2?3/4N— ?1/4?µN‚?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– – ?1/4?°??N˜???1/4N–?·?°N†N–N— ???3/4?±N??3/4?±N?N‚N? ???»?°N˜?1/2????N–?? ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°;
2. ??N?N–N”?1/2N‚?°N†N–N˜ ?1/2?° ????N˜?3/4?????? N??µ?·N??»N?N‚?°N‚ N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N–, N˜?????? ?±?? ?1/2?°???±N–?»N?N? ???3/4???1/2?µ ???????3/4N???N˜N‚?°?1/2?1/2N˜ N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4???3/4 ???3/4N‚?µ?1/2N†N–?°?»N?;
3. ? ?µ?°?»N??1/2N–N˜N‚N? – ?3/4?±?1/4?µ?¶?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ ?·?° ??N???N‚?µN?N–N”?1/4 N??µ?°?»N??1/2?3/4N— ???3/4N˜N˜?¶?1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ?· N?N??°N…N????°?1/2?1/2N˜?1/4 N„?°??N‚?3/4N?N–?? ?·?3/4???1/2N–N??1/2N??3/4???3/4 N˜?µN??µ???3/4????N‰?° N– ???1/2N?N‚N?N–N??1/2N??3/4???3/4 ???3/4N‚?µ?1/2N†N–?°?»N?;
4. ?’???1/4N–N??1/2N–N˜N‚N? – ????N??°?· ?? ???3/4?1/2??N??µN‚?1/2??N… ??N–?»N???N–N˜?1/2??N… ???3/4???°?·?1/2?????°N…;
5. ?????1/2?3/4?·?1/2?°N‡?1/2N–N˜N‚N? N‚N??°??N‚N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ – ?3/4???1/2?°???3/4??N–N˜N‚N? N– N˜N˜?1/2N–N˜N‚N? ???3/4N˜??N????1/2???1/4?°?µ?1/4?3/4N˜N‚N? N?N˜N–?1/4?° ?1/4?µ?1/2?µ???¶?µN??°?1/4?? N‚?° ???????3/4?1/2?°??N†N˜?1/4??;
6. ?˜?°N????3/4???° ?3/4?±??N?N??1/2N‚?3/4???°?1/2N–N˜N‚N? – ?3/4?±?»N–?? ?3/4?±'N”??N‚?????1/2??N… ?µ???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–N‡?1/2??N… ?·?°???3/4?1/2N–??, ???????3/4N???N˜N‚?°?1/2?1/2N˜ N˜N?N‡?°N˜?1/2?3/4???3/4 ?1/4?µN‚?3/4???3/4?»?3/4??N–N‡?1/2?3/4???3/4 ?°???°N??°N‚N?, ??N˜N‚?°?1/2?3/4???»?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ N˜??N˜N‚?µ?1/4?? ???·?°N”?1/4?3/4?·??'N˜?·??N–?? ?3/4??N??µ?1/4??N… N†N–?»?µ??;
7. ?“?1/2N?N‡??N–N˜N‚N? – ?1/4?3/4?¶?»????N–N˜N‚N? ???3/4N??µ??N‚N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ N˜??N˜N‚?µ?1/4?? N– ?3/4??N??µ?1/4??N… N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2??N… N†N–?»?µ?? ??N??? ?·?1/4N–?1/2N– N„?°??N‚?3/4N?N–?? ?·?3/4???1/2N–N??1/2N??3/4???3/4 N˜?µN??µ???3/4????N‰?° ?1/4N??»N? ?°?±?3/4 ???°N??°?1/4?µN‚N?N–?? ???1/2N?N‚N?N–N??1/2N??3/4???3/4 ???3/4N‚?µ?1/2N†N–?°?»N?.
?•N‚?°???? N„?3/4N??1/4N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2??N… N†N–?»?µ?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°:
1. ?˜?1/2?°?»N–?· N‚?µ?1/2???µ?1/2N†N–?? ?3/4N˜?1/2?3/4???1/2??N… ???3/4???°?·?1/2????N–?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ?· ?1/4?µN‚?3/4N? ????N˜???»?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ ?·?°???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚?µ?? N– ?3/4N˜?3/4?±?»?????3/4N˜N‚?µ?? N??3/4?·????N‚??N? ???°N??°?1/4?µN‚N?N–?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– N‚?° ?????·?1/2?°N‡?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ N˜N‚N????µ?1/2N˜ ?????»????N? ?1/2?° ?1/2??N… ?·?3/4???1/2N–N??1/2N–N… N– ???1/2N?N‚N?N–N??1/2N–N… N„?°??N‚?3/4N?N–??. ??N??? N˜N‚?°?±N–?»N??1/2?3/4?1/4N? N˜N‚?°?1/2N– N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4???3/4 N˜?µN??µ???3/4????N‰?° ?°?1/2?°?»N–?· ???????3/4?1/2N?N”N‚N?N˜N˜ ?·?° ?????°-N‚N??? N??3/4????, ?? N??1/4?3/4???°N… N—N— ?1/2?µN˜N‚?°?±N–?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ??N–?1/2 ???3/4?????1/2?µ?1/2 ??N–?????3/4??N–???°N‚?? N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2N–?? ???µN?N˜???µ??N‚????N–.
2. ?¤?3/4N??1/4N??»N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ ???3/4?»?3/4???1/2?3/4N— N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2?3/4N— ?1/4?µN‚?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°. ?“?3/4?»?3/4???1/2?° ?1/4?µN‚?° ???3/4?1/2??N??µN‚???·N?N”N‚N?N˜N˜ N? ???µ???1/2?3/4?1/4N? ???3/4???°?·?1/2????N? N– ?????·?1/2?°N‡?°N”N‚N?N˜N˜ ??N–?»N???N–N˜?1/2?3/4 (?1/2?°??N??????»?°??, ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡??N‚?? ?·?° 3 N??3/4???? ?·N??3/4N˜N‚?°?1/2?1/2N˜ ???»?°N˜?1/2?3/4???3/4 ???°??N–N‚?°?»N? ?? 3 N??°?·?? ?·?° N??°N…N??1/2?3/4?? N??µ???3/4?1/2N˜N‚N?N???N†N–N— ????N??3/4?±?1/2??N†N‚???°).
3. ?’???·?1/2?°N‡?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ ?±?°?¶?°?1/2??N… N– ?1/4?3/4?¶?»??????N… N‚?µ?1/2???µ?1/2N†N–?? ???3/4???°?·?1/2????N–?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N–, N‰?3/4 ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡N?N?N‚N? ???3/4N˜N˜???1/2?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ ???3/4?»?3/4???1/2?3/4N— ?1/4?µN‚??. ?’??N˜???»N˜N?N‚N?N˜N˜ ?3/4N˜?1/2?3/4???1/2N– ???°N??°?1/4?µN‚N??? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°, N‰?3/4 ?·?°?±?µ?·???µN‡N?N?N‚N? N??µ?°?»N–?·?°N†N–N? ???3/4?»?3/4???1/2?3/4N— ?1/4?µN‚??. ?’???·?1/2?°N‡?°N”N‚N?N˜N˜, N˜??N– ?· ?1/2??N… ?1/4?3/4?¶N?N‚N? ?±N?N‚?? ?3/4N‚N????1/4?°?1/2N– ?·?° N??°N…N??1/2?3/4?? N˜??N???N˜N‚?»??????N… N??1/4?3/4?? ?·?3/4???1/2N–N??1/2N??3/4???3/4 N– ???1/2N?N‚N?N–N??1/2N??3/4???3/4 N˜?µN??µ???3/4????N‰?°.
4. ?’???·?1/2?°N‡?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ ?1/2?µ?±?°?¶?°?1/2??N…, ?°?»?µ ?1/4?3/4?¶?»??????N… N‚?µ?1/2???µ?1/2N†N–?? N??µ?·N??»N?N‚?°N‚N–?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N–, N‰?3/4 ???µN??µN????3/4???¶?°N?N‚N? ???3/4N˜N˜???1/2?µ?1/2?1/2N? ???3/4?»?3/4???1/2?3/4N— ?1/4?µN‚??. ?’??N˜???»?µ?1/2?1/2N˜ ?1/2?µN˜??N???N˜N‚?»?????3/4???3/4 ?????»????N? ?3/4??N??µ?1/4??N… ?·?3/4???1/2N–N??1/2N–N… N– ???1/2N?N‚N?N–N??1/2N–N… N„?°??N‚?3/4N?N–?? ?1/2?° N??µ?°?»N–?·?°N†N–N? ???3/4?»?3/4???1/2?3/4N— ?1/4?µN‚?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ???»N˜ N??3/4?·N??3/4?±???? ?·?°N…?3/4??N–?? N‰?3/4???3/4 N—N… ?1/2?µ??N‚N??°?»N–?·?°N†N–N—.
5. ???±?»N–?? ?3/4?±'N”??N‚?????1/2??N… ?3/4?±?1/4?µ?¶?µ?1/2N? N? ???3/4N˜N˜???1/2?µ?1/2?1/2N– ?±?°?¶?°?1/2??N… ???°N??°?1/4?µN‚N?N–?? N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N‡?1/2?3/4N— N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ???3/4?·??N†N–N— ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°. ?”?3/4 N‚?°????N… ?3/4?±?1/4?µ?¶?µ?1/2N? ?1/2?°?»?µ?¶?°N‚N?:
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7. ?¤?3/4N??1/4N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ N˜??N˜N‚?µ?1/4?? ??N–??N‚N????1/4N?N?N‚N? N†N–?»?µ??, N‰?3/4 ?????»N?N‡?°N?N‚N?N˜N˜ ?? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2N? N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N? ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°. ?’ N˜???3/4N˜N‚N– N‚?°????N… N†N–?»?µ?? ?1/4?3/4?¶N?N‚N? ?±N?N‚?? ??N˜N‚?°?1/2?3/4???»?µ?1/2N–:
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8. ???3/4?±N????3/4???° "???µN??µ???° N†N–?»?µ??" N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N— ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°. ?¦?µ ???3/4?·???3/4?»??N‚N? ???3/4??'N˜?·?°N‚?? ???3/4?»?3/4???1/2N?, ?3/4N˜?1/2?3/4???1/2N– N– ??N–??N‚N????1/4N?N?N‡N– N†N–?»N– N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— N˜N‚N??°N‚?µ??N–N— ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???° ?· N?N??°N…N????°?1/2?1/2N˜?1/4 N—N… ??N?N–?3/4N???N‚?µN‚?1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– N– N??°?1/2???3/4???3/4N— ?·?1/2?°N‡N?N‰?3/4N˜N‚N–.
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1. ?¤N??1/2??N†N–?3/4?1/2?°?»N??1/2?° N˜??N?N˜?1/4?3/4???°?1/2N–N˜N‚N? ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°. ?†?1/2N˜N‚??N‚N?N†N–???1/2N– N–?1/2???µN˜N‚?3/4N??? ?·??N–??N˜?1/2N?N?N‚N? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2N? ??N–N˜?»N??1/2N–N˜N‚N? ???µN??µ???°?¶?1/2?3/4 ?1/2?° N????1/2??N? N†N–?1/2?1/2??N… ???°???µN?N–??, N‚?3/4?1/4N? ?3/4N˜?1/2?3/4???1/2?3/4N? N„?3/4N??1/4?3/4N? N—N… ???3/4?????3/4N˜N‚N??3/4???3/4???3/4N— N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?3/4N— ??N–N˜?»N??1/2?3/4N˜N‚N– ?±N????µ N–?1/2???µN˜N‚N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ ?? ?°??N†N–N—, ?3/4?±?»N–???°N†N–N—, ?3/4N‰?°???1/2N– N˜?µN?N‚??N„N–???°N‚?? N‚?3/4N‰?3/4, N‚?°?? ?·???°?1/2N– N„N–?1/2?°?1/2N˜?3/4??N– ?????»?°???µ?1/2?1/2N˜. ?”?»N˜ ????N??3/4?±?1/2??N‡??N… ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚?? ???µN??µ???°?¶?1/2?3/4N? N„?3/4N??1/4?3/4N? N–?1/2???µN˜N‚N????°?1/2?1/2N˜ ?±N???N?N‚N? ?????»?°???µ?1/2?1/2N˜ N? N„?3/4N??1/4N– ???°??N–N‚?°?»N??1/2??N… ?????»?°???µ?1/2N?, ???3/4??N??????? ?1/2?µN?N?N…?3/4?1/4?3/4N˜N‚N– N– N‚.??., N‚?°?? ?·???°?1/2N– N??µ?°?»N??1/2N– ?????»?°???µ?1/2?1/2N˜.
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1. ?•???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–???° / ?—?° N??µ??. ?‘N??»?°N‚?3/4???° ?˜.?!. – ??.: ?•???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–N˜N‚, 2008. – 831 N˜.
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3. ?†?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?° ??N–N˜?»N??1/2N–N˜N‚N? ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°: ?1/2?°??N‡?°?»N??1/2???? ???3/4N˜N–?±?1/2???? / ?˜.?’. ????N˜?µ?»N??3/4???°, ?c.?’. ?‘?3/4N??3/4??N–???3/4???°. – 2-?µ ??????., – ??.: ???1/2?3/4? N?N˜, 2006. – 432 N˜.
4. ?•???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–???° ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°: ?1/2?°??N‡?°?»N??1/2???? ???3/4N˜N–?±?1/2???? / ???°?»?°?1/4?°N?N‡N??? ?˜.?!. – ??.: ???1/2N„N??°-??, 2004. – 176 N˜.
5. ?†?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–???1/2?° ??N–N˜?»N??1/2N–N˜N‚N?: ???1/2?????° / ???3/4N?N–???°?»?µ?1/2???3/4 ?“.??., ????N˜?µ?»N??3/4???° ?˜.?’. – ??.: ???1/2?3/4? N?N˜, 2006. – 432 N˜.
6. ?•???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–???° ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°: ?1/2?°??N‡?°?»N??1/2???? ???3/4N˜N–?±?1/2???? / ?’.??. ?!?1/4?°??N–?1/2. – 2-?µ ??????., ??N˜??N?. – ??.: ???˜??? ?F?!, 2007. – 160 N˜.
7. ?•???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–N‡?1/2?° ?3/4N†N–?1/2???° N–?1/2???µN˜N‚??N†N–??: ?˜?°??N‡?°?»N??1/2???? ???3/4N˜N–?±?1/2???? / ?!N‚?°N??3/4???µN??3/4???° ?“.?!., ???µ?????µ??N”?? ?˜.?®., ?!?3/4N??3/4??N–?1/2?° ?†.?’. – ??.: ???˜??? ?F?!, 2009. – 226 N˜.
8. ?•???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–???° ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°: ?1/2?°??N‡?°?»N??1/2???? ???3/4N˜N–?±?1/2???? ???»N˜ ??N??·N–?? / ?—?µ?1/4?»N˜ ?“.?—. – 2-?µ ??????., – ??.: ?—?1/2?°?1/2?1/2N˜, 2005. – 470 N˜.
9. ?•???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–???° ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°: ??N–??N?N?N‡?1/2???? / ?c??N‚?3/4?? ?’.?†., – ??.: ?•??N˜?1/4?3/4, – 2008. – 414N˜.
10. ?•???3/4?1/2?3/4?1/4N–???° ??N–????N???N”?1/4N˜N‚???°: ??N–??N?N?N‡?1/2???? / ?†.??. ?§N?N”??, ?›.??. ?§?µN‡?µ????N†???1/2?°. – ??.: ?’?????°???1/2??N‡?3/4-N‚?3/4N????3/4???° ???3/4N????3/4N??°N†N–N˜ "?”?°N????3/4?? N– ??N”", 2004. – 416 N˜.
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