Neiioiiaoeea oa iaaeaiiy ia?oi? aeiiiiiae i?e io?o?iiyo
Iiaa iaeaaeeoue aei oae caaieo aoi?eiieo nenoai. Aiia ?nio? ia naia ii
nia?, a a ethaenueeiio noni?euenoa?, iio?aeiei a?ae yeiai aiia ?.
Aiaeii/an iiaa – iaeei ?c oaeoi??a naiii?aai?caoe?? noni?euenoaa ?
iaa?ae’?iia iciaea oaeeo ni?eueiio, ye ??ae, ieai’y, ia?iaei?noue,
iaoe?y.
Iiaa ?nio? o na?aeiiino? /eai?a noni?euenoaa, ?aae?co?oueny a i?ioeanao
iiaeaiiy ? “eiina?ao?oueny” a ?acoeueoaoao oeueiai iiaeaiiy (o
neacaiiio, iaienaiiio). Oiio aeiey iiae caeaaeeoue a?ae eiaeiiai c
iiaoe?a.
C iaoa??aeueiiai iiaeyaeo a iia?, ui ?aae?co?oueny a iiaeaii?, iaia?
i?/iai, e??i caoe?a, ye? eiia?iothoueny o neiaa, ?a/aiiy oiui. Ca oeeie
eiia?iaoe?yie ie?eaa?oueny aaee/aciee na?o cia/aiue – oiiaoe/ieo,
eaene/ieo, a?aiaoe/ieo, noee?noe/ieo. Naia a ieo a?aeia?aaeai? ciaiiy
ia?iaeo- iin?y iiae – i?i na?o, eiai no?oeoo?o, noaaeaiiy ethaeae aei
iueiai. “Iiaa ia?iaeo – oea eiai aeoo, ? aeoo ia?iaeo – oea eiai iiaa”
(A. oii Aoiaieueaeo). O i?e aeoioeth?oueny aeooiaia aia?a?y ia?iaeo.
Aiia ? aieiaiith iciaeith ? neiaieii iaoe??.
*a?ac iiao ie i?cia?ii na?o. Ia?aii aaaaeaoe, ui eiaeai c ian ni?eeia?
na?o aaciina?aaeiuei, “oaeei, ye a?i ?”.
Iiaa – can?a naiii?ciaiiy ia?iaeo, oi?ia ?nioaaiiy iaaeaoaeiae a on?o ??
aeyaao. “Iiaa – ae?i aeooo” (I.Aaeaeaaaa?).
Iiaa – iaeaaaeeea?oee can?a ni?eeoaaiiy ethaeae, oiaoi can?a ae?aaeaiiy
? ia?aaeaaaiiy aeoiie, ii/ooo?a, aieaaeyaeaiue. O oe?e ?ie? ethaenueea
iiaa ia? oi?aa?naeueiee oa?aeoa?: iath i?inoi ia?aaeaoe ana oa, ui
ae?aaea?oueny, iai?eeeaae, i?i?eith, aeanoaie, ii?nueeei caiaeii /e
aei?iaei?ie ciaeaie, oiae? ye aeiaeai ?c oeeo cania?a ni?eeoaaiiy ia
iiaea eiieo?oaaoe o ae?aaeaii? c iiaith.
?c ?iaei?a?iiaenueei? i?aiiae, yea ?iciaeanue ia i?ci?oa 2,5 -3 oeny/
?ie?a aei i.a., c ?? i?ai?/ii-no?aeii? ae?aeaeoii? a?oie, aei yei?
aoiaeeee oaeiae ae?aeaeoe iaeaooi?o aaeo?enueeeo, aa?iainueeeo,
?iae?enueeeo oa ??ainueeeo iia, aeae?eeeanue neia’yinueea i?aiiaa. Aiia
i?i?nioaaea iiiaae 2,5 oeny/? ?ie?a ? ii/aea ?iciaaeaoenue aeanue
aeecueei o?aoueiai noie?ooy i.a. Oeae i?ioean caaa?oeany a iniiaiiio a
oinoiio noie?oo?.
A?eueo?noue a?iioac uiaei i?aaaouee?aueie neia’yi eieae?co? ?? oe?eeii
aai /anoeiai ia oa?eoi??? no/anii? Oe?a?ie, a ca aaia?ao?/i? i???ioe?e
ia?aaaaeii aa?ooueny Aei?i?i, Aei?noa? ? Ea?iaoe.
Ca a?aeiiinoyie, cao?eniaaieie a iai’yoeao ienaiiino?, ?noi??y no?aeieo
neia’yi “ii/aeanue o VI noie?oo? ia naiiio e?ath, a naiiio eooeo iaoi?
??aieie, ia i?ai?/ii-no?aeieo noeeao ? ia?aaea??’yo Ea?iao”
(A.Eeth/aanueeee), aea ooai?eany a?enueeiaee nithc neia’yi, i/iethaaiee
aeoe?anueeei eiycai. Iiae?ai? oi?ie iie?oe/ii? i?aai?caoe?? noni?euenoaa
aoee aeanoea? e ?ioei ieaiaiai. Ia aeoieo ae I. A?ooaanueeiai: “Ca ii??a
?noi?e/ieo /an?a aeey oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo iiaeia i?eeiyoe IV noie?ooy
iaoi? a?e, eiee ie ia?ii aaea a?aeiiino?, eio?? iiaeia i?eeeanoe
niaoe?aeueii aei iueiai. Aei oeueiai /ano ie iiaeaii aiai?eoe i?i
iueiai, ye i?i /anoeio neia’yinueei? a?oie ieaiai…”.
C?icoi?ei, ui ii/aoie oi?ioaaiiy iiae ca?aa?oueny c ii/aoeii oi?ioaaiiy
ia?iaeo.
Oiane?aeie i?a?aoe?eii? aca?iiae?? ethaeiino? aeoe?anueeiai oa ?ioeo
ieai?iieo ia’?aeiaiue, a iiaeeeai, ca iaaii? o/ano? e ianeia’yinueeeo
ieaiai, noi?ioaaany aoiin, eio?ee ia ii/aoeo IX noie?ooy noai?ea
aea?aeaao, a?aeiio i?ae iacaith Ee?anueea ?onue.
Iaeaaaeeea?o? oiiaoe/i?, a?aiaoe/i? oa eaene/i? iniaeeaino? oe?a?inueei?
iiae ii/aee ca?iaeaeoaaoeny e ?icaeaaoeny ua c XII no.; o O?O-OO? no. o
nai?e oiiaoe/i?e nenoai?, a?aiaoe/i?e aoaeia? ? neiaieeiaiio neeaae?
aiia aaea noi?ioaaeany ye ie?aia no?aeiineia’yinueea iiaa – iiaa
oe?a?inueei? iaoe??, oe?a?inueea iaoe?iiaeueia iiaa.
I?ioa /eiaei aaoi?eoaoieo o/aieo (O. I?eeioe/, A. Oeyeoa?, I.
Aiaeyinueeee, I. AEeoaoeueeee, I. Iioaaiy oa ?i.) aaaaeaee, ui
oe?a?inueea iiaa aeieeea cia/ii ?ai?oa XIV noie?ooy ? aa?a na?e ii/aoie
c? ni?eueiineia’yinueei? iiae. Aeaaeai?e A.E?einueeee ienaa, ui
oe?a?inueea iiaa oaea a XI noie?oo? ?nioaaea “ye oe?eeii ?aeue?oia,
iaaii icia/aia, yne?aai-?iaeea?aeoaeueia iaeeieoey”.
?c aeciaiiy aoiiiiaii? aacia?a?aiino? ia oa?eoi??? Ee?aueie a?ae /ano
iieyi aei iaoeo aei?a (E.Aoeaoianueeee) eia?/ii aeieeaa? oaa?aeaeaiiy,
ui o iaeaooi?e Oe?a?i? aiai?eee iaeaooiueith oe?a?inueeith iiaith. Ui ae
noino?oueny ienaiiino?, oi an? ?? iai’yoee noai?aii “oe?a?i?ciaaiith
noa?i-neia’yiueiith” (A.E?einueeee).
Oey oe?a?i?ciaai?noue i?noeyie iano?eueee iii?oia, ui I.Ae?aaiiaiia iaa
on? i?aenoaae neacaoe: “Neiai” – ia?oa oe?a?inueea aeoia, a iea/
ss?ineaaie- i?niy oe?a?iee”. A.Iaaeianueeee c i?eaiaeo ?ioi? neaaaoii?
iai’yoee ienaiiino? caoaaaeea: “*eoath/e ?noi??th e?oiienoey
?in?enueeiai i?aiiaeiaiiai Ianoi?a, y a aaaaoueio i?noeyo a?ae/oaaa, ui
iio??aii a ciaoe iiao iaei?in?yi”.
Iiaia neooaoe?y a Ee?anuee?e ?on?, ye ? o an?e oiai/ani?e ?a?ii?,
oa?aeoa?ecoaaeany ?icaeai?i?noth. Ina?/ai? aa?noae ianaeaiiy
ei?enooaaeenue e?oa?aoo?iith iiaith aeaaiueiaieaa?nueeiai iioiaeaeaiiy,
a ?aooa /eai?a noni?euenoaa – ??aeiith ?onueeith iiaith, oi/i?oa ??
oa?eoi??aeueieie ae?aeaeoaie.
??cieoey i?ae ?onnth ? Cao?aeiith ?a?iiith iieyaaea a oiio, ui
aeaaiueiaieaa?nueea ? ?onueea iiae aoee aeecueeinii??aeiaieie:
“Neiaainueeue ycueue e ?onueeee aaeeiue ?noue” (e?oiienaoeue Ianoi?).
Oea ni?eyei iioe?aiith ina?oe, ianooaae yei? aoee ia ?on? a?eueoeie,
i?ae o eaoeiiiiai?e Cao?aei?e ?a?ii?, ? i?iieeiaiith aei eieaeii? iiae
ne?a oa ?ioeo aeaiaio?a ?iciiaii? iiae, oiaoi “oe?a?i?caoe??
noa?ineia’yiueie”.
Aeaui ni?iuoth/e i?iaeaio, iiaeia eiinoaooaaoe, ui no/ania e?oa?aoo?ia
iiaa oe?a?ioe?a aaiaoe/ii iia’ycaia c ?iciiaiith (aeeaith, ia?iaeiith)
iiaith Ee?anueei? ?on?, a e?oa?aoo?ia iiaa ?in?yi – c ienaiiith iiaith
Ee?anueei? ?on?, oiaoi ia?aianaiith c Aieaa??? ?
“aeaaiuei?oneo?eiaaiith” (oe?a?i?ciaaiith) a Ee?a?
oea?eiaiineia’yinueeith iiaith.
Oi?iaeiaae a?e?a iiaa, yeo iei? iaceaathoue oe?a?inueeith, iaea iacae c
ei?aiai ?on-: ?onueea, ?oneinueea, iaei?onueea. Ine?eueee oeae ei??iue ?
? a iaca? iiae iaoiai i?ai?/ii-no?aeiiai non?aea (?on-neee ycee), eio?ee
caeiaa iai?aia noaiiaeua a oea?nuee?e ?in?? ? iin?aeaa i?noea “noa?oiai
a?aoa” a N?N? (iacaa iiae ua iaeiiai no?aeiineaa’yinueeiai a?aoa –
a?ei?onueea – iaei eiee a?aeanue aei oaaae;aiia oaae aaaaeaeanue iaeiei
?c ia??/ “?onneiai”, a caiaeii “o?e?aeeiiai ?onneiai” ia?iaea), oi
aenoaaeinue oaa?aeaeaiiy i?i ?nioaaiiy “iaua?onneiai ycueina”, ia??//yi
yeiai i?ae-oi ? “iaei?onueea iiaa”.
“?onue” – oea naiiiacaa ei??iiiai ia?iaeo na?aaeiueia?/ii? Ee?anueei?
aea?aeaae, a oaeiae iacaa naii? oe??? aea?aeaae. Oea neiai ? eiai
iio?aei?: “?onueeee”, “?onei”, “?oneinueeee”, “?oniae” oa ?i. – ia
cao?aeieo ie?a?iao ?icnaeaiiy oe?a?inueeiai aoiino caa?aaeenue aei iaoeo
aei?a.
Aaee/eia ianiai ia?aeoea ia oa?i?ie c ei?aiai oe?a?i- o e?ioe? XIX – ia
ii/aoeo XX noie?ooy (ae??oaeueiei iiooiaoii noaei nayoeoaaiiy noi??//y
“Aia?aee” ?. Eioey?aanueeiai). ?iaeeinue oea na?aeiii – caaeey ?aeiino?
oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo, ooo/ii ?ic/eaiiaaiiai i?ae aeaiia ?iia??yie:
?in?enueeith oa Aano?i-Oai?nueeith.
Caiaeii (o ienaiieo iai’yoeao a?ae 1187 ?ieo noiniaii iaaeaei?i?yinueei?
/anoeie ?on? ? a?ae 1189 ?ieo noiniaii Aaee/eie) c’yaey?oueny neiai
“Oe?a?ia”. I?ioyaii noie?oue neiaa ?onue ? Oe?a?ia aaeeaaeanue ye
neiii?ie. Oae, ? Oiaeueieoeueeee, ? ienueiaiieee eiai aiioe
aeei?enoiaoaaee ia?aeaeueii neiaa Oe?a?ia-?onue-?in?y;
oe?a?inueeee-?onueeee-?in?enueeee.
Ioaea, no/ania oe?a?inueea e?oa?aoo?ia iiaa neeaeany i?ioyaii aaaaoueio
noie?oue. Aiia aeieeea ye ie?aia naiino?eia iiaa c aeanoeaeie ?e
i?ea?iaeueieie e aeeaiei naiino?eieie ?enaie o?eueee ia iaaiiio nooiai?
?icaeoeo neia’yinueeeo ia?iae?a.
Iiaee aoai ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?ii? iiae ii/eia?oueny c /ano
aeoiaeo c ae?oeo «Aia?aee» Eioey?aanueeiai (1798 ?.).
Ii?iaeueiiio ?icaeoeia? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?ii? iiae aeiaaee /an
ia?aoeiaeaeaee ooenee e caai?iie ?in?enueeiai oea?ecio. Iaaaoeaii
iicia/eeiny ia ?? ?icaeoeia? oaeiae ?ic’?aeiaiiy oe?a?inueeeo caiaeue
i?ae ??cieie aea?aeaaaie. Aae aei Aaeeei? AEiaoiaai? nioe?ae?noe/ii?
?aaiethoe??, iai?eeeaae, oe?a?inueea iiaa ia iaea iaa?oue ?aeeiiai
i?aaiieno. I?ae i?oia?ao??th, aaeeaaiith a no?aei?e ? cao?aei?e /anoei?
Oe?a?ie, ?nioaaee cia/i? ?ica?aeiino?. Oa, iacaaaeath/e ia an?
ia?aoeiaee, oe?a?inueea iiaa aeeea a onoao ia?iaeo, a i?niyo ? aeoiao,
iiia?aeaiiyo ? eaceao, ia?aaeaaaeanue a?ae iieie?iiy aei iieie?iiy.
C e?ioey XVIII ? ia?oi? iieiaeie XIX noie?ooy caaaeueiiia?iaei? ii?ie
iiai? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?ii? iiae ii/eiathoue cae??ieyoeny a
e?oa?aoo??, a naia: o oai?ao ?. I. Eioey?aanueeiai, ?. I. A?aa?iee, E.
?. Ai?iaeeia-nueeiai oa A. O. Ea?oee-Iniia’yiaiea. O. A. Oaa/aiei
i?aei?n oe?a?inueeo iiao ia ??aaiue iae?icaeiai?oeo iia na?oo. O ae?oa?e
iieiaei? XIX ? ii/aoeo XX noie?ooy oe?a?inueea e?oa?aoo?ia iiaa
caaaa/o?oueny e ?icaeaa?oueny a oai?/ino? oaeeo aeaeaoieo i?ia?aneaieo
ienueiaiiee?a, ye Ia?ei Aia/ie, ?. N. Ia/oe-Eaaeoeueeee, Iaian Ie?iee,
?. E. Oia?eaae/, I. I. Noa?eoeueeee, ?.ss.O?aiei, I.A.A?aaianueeee,
Eany Oe?a?iea, I. I. Eioethaeinueeee, A. N.Noa-oaiee oa ?i., ae?oaa
iieiaeia OO no. – I.Aeoiy, I.Oe/eia, I.?eeuenueeee, Ae.Iaaee/ei,
?.?aaie/oe, A.Noon.
21 ethoiai 2000 ?ieo. THIANEI iaieineei oeueiai ?ieo aeiai ??aeii? iiae.
Caeaaaeinue ae: /iio aeeaoaaoenue, ui ia? a?aaeaoe. Aeoaea aa?ii,
aeoaea noaaeueii. Oae, noaaeueii. Iiaeooue ?aae?oe oeueiio aiae?eoe?,
i?ioe?, o?aioeoce, ?niaioe? ? ua ?ac o oeae aeaiue ieoaoeny nai?ie
iiaaie. Ai ?oi? iiae oaea iaa?aeae?euei? a?ae ieo naieo, ai ?i iaa?oue
aaaeei oyaeoe, ui aeiaaeiny ae a?ae /iainue /e a?ae eiainue ai?iieoe
naith iiao.
A ui ae ie? Oe?a?ioe? oa oe?a?inueea iiaa – oea i?ae aeaa na?oe
??cii?nioth/eo ? o?eueee a aeayeeo oi/eao aeioe/i?. ? noiii noa?, ?
i?ee?i, ui o oeae aeaiue ioneii oiaeeoe o “ia?iae”, ciia ae oaee ia?iae
– oe?a?inueeee – ? aeiaiaeeoe eiio, yea ae /oaeiaa iaoa iiaa, ye
iio??aii ?? eiaeiiio ciaoe, yeo aeaaith ?noi??th ia? oa, aiaeii/an, –
yeo o?aa?/io.
Ia?iae – oi iniaeeaa oe?ii?noue, yeo oi?iothoue ia o?eueee ei?aeiie,
aeiiii?ea, iaoa??aeueii – oaoi?/i? caeiaooee, aea e iiaa. A ii/aoeao
nioai??iiy na?oo aoei NEIAI. A ii/aoeao nioai??iiy iaoe?? oaae iiaeiia
aooe NEIAI.
Oe?a?ioe? – oea iaoe?y, ui ?? a?eaie aeo?niyee c aeeooy oeyoii o?ce/iiai
cieuaiiy, aeooiaiiai iiiaaieaiiy, aaiaoe/ieo iooaoe?e, oe?eani?yiiaaiiai
ia?ai?uaiiy ia?iae?a ia ?? oa?aoi???, aiane?aeie /iai a?aeaoeany aiiac?y
?noi?e/ii? iai’yo? ? ye?ni? ao?aoe naiiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai aaiioeio.
Ia?ac ?? niioai?thaaany a?eaie, ? aaeeea aeeai, ui oey iaoe?y ia
nueiaiaei? ua ?, aiia aeaaii aaea iiaea a ci?aaethaaoeny e cieeiooe.
A?aoo?-?aoo ie aei/aeaeeny caaa?oaiiy o?eaaei? oe?a?inueei? iaaie?.
Eiee ae c ao?eioii oiaea cae?cia caa?na, aeyaeeiny, ui ii oie a?e caa?ne
ian iaia. Oe?a?io iaei ooi cia?, ?? ana ua ieooathoue c ?in??th, ??
i?iaeaie aeey na?oo iaaeooaeuei?, ca iath oyaiaoueny oeaeo ?noi?e/ieo
oia?aaeaeaiue, ia ni?inoiaaieo iaie e aein?. Aeyaeeiny, ui iaeaea i?aea
a oi?aa?neoaoao na?oo iaia? oe?a?inueeeo eaoaae?, ana ni?eeia?oueny
e??cue i?ecio ?onenoeee, ui a ae?anii?? iieiaeue oe?a?inueeiai
iioiaeaeaiiy caoeua? aeieoi?aoe c ?in?enueei? e?oa?aoo?e, ai ?iaeoa
iaoeia i?iaeaie c i?aoeaaeaoooaaiiyi, ui oe?a?inuee? iaoeia? e
eoeueoo?i? ?inoeoooe?? ?cieueiaai? ? ia iathoue noaa?eueieo eiioaeo?a c?
cia/ii i?anoeaei?oeie ?inoeoooe?yie ?ioeo ae?anii?. Ui noaaeaiiy aei
oe?a?ioe?a ye aei iaoe?? aeoaea niaoeeo?/ia, ?i ia??aeei e aein?
?ie?ei?io?oueny oi iaoe?iiae?ci, oi naia?aoeci.
Ui iiaeiia aoea a?ae?aco c?iaeoe Oe?a?ia? Ianaiia?aae – ia’?eoeaii
ioe?ieoe neooaoe?th. ?ic?iaeoe naith aoiai?oa?io iie?oeeo, ?? no?aoaa?th
oa i??i?eoaoe. Cao?enoaaoe naaa o na?aeiiino? ethaenoaa ia?aaeienii
iieiaei? aea?aeaae c oeny/ie?oiueith eoeueoo?ith, ui aoea aein?
caaeieiaaia /a?ac ?noi?e/i? i?e/eie. Aooe a?aee?eooyi aeey na?oo.
Cai?noue oeueiai o ian i?oee ca ?ia?oe??th. I?eeiyee aeia?iaeooii
aeioaiio oi?ioeo E.E?aa/oea “Ia?ii oa, ui ia?ii”, ? ia c?iaeee ??oo/i?
ni?iae ci?ieoe neooaoe?th. A?eueo oiai, ua e iiaeeaeee ?? ca inoaii?
?iee.
Iaa?oue i?ney e?eueeio e?o iacaeaaeiino? iiaia neooaoe?y a Oe?a?i?
aeeeeea? o?eaiao. Oe?a?inueea iiaa neaai caoeuaia Eiinoeoooe??th ? aaea
aeaaii (c 1989 ?ieo) ?nioth/ei Caeiiii i?i iiae, yeee aeaiiino?aoeaii
?aii?o?oueny. Aea?aeaai? /eiieee ia ni?iiiaei? caaacia/eoe aeeiiaiiy
“Aea?aeaaii? i?ia?aie ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? iiae oa ?ioeo iaoe?iiaeueieo
iia ia ia??iae aei 2000 ?ieo”, ye aeyaey?oueny, aeaeea?aoeaii?, aai
ae?iaeoe a?aeio iaoiai ia?iaeo iiaio no?aoaa?th. A iino?eia
iai?ioethaaiiy caeeeeaie i?i “ianeeuenoaaiioth oe?aeiecaoeeth”, yei?
iani?aaae? iaia ai? ne?aeo, i?aaiaiiy, iniaeeai o aeai?/eo eiiiai?yo,
aeiiiaoeny io?oe?eiiai (aea?aeaaiiai) noaoono ?in?enueei? iiae. Ioaea,
eiionue aea?aeii ca aeiiiiiaith iiaiiai ieoaiiy, yea ia?aaoaa? ia
iiaa?oi? ?icoi?iiy a?eueoino? ianaeaiiy, iiaeeaeoe ?iceie o iaoiio
noni?euenoa?, aeiiiaoeny caaino?aiiy i?aeiaoe?iiaeueieo noinoie?a.
Eieii?aeueia iiaa iaio? a no?iao aenieeo ? ieae/eo o?yaeiaeo onoaiia. A
aaea aaiueaith ? oa, ui I?aceaeaio Oe?a?ie a cono??/ao ia iaeaeuiio
??ai? ei?enoa? ia c iiae aea?aeaaii?. Oiio ia aeeaii, ui i?aaenoaaieee
iinieuenoa a Oe?a?i? oaae iaiaia’yceiaei iathoue ciaiiy oe?a?inueei?
iiae, ? a caniaao ianiai? ?ioi?iaoe?? iineoaiaothoueny iiaith
iaoe?a?inueeith.
Ia aeiaea? Oe?a?i? i?anoeaeo e iiaa ?? a?iiaaeyi. sse a?aeiii, aeaai?
a?aee oeo, ooi iiaaii aiai?ea ii-a?aoeueee, aaaaeaee aa?aa?aie. O
oeueiio nain? a ian noni?euenoai iaeaea anooe?eue aa?aa?nueea. I?
ni?aaaeiuei? oe?a?inueei? iiae, i? ?in?enueei?. Oi yei? ae ae?oai?
aea?aeaaii? i?aaiooue oae caai? “?in?enueeiiiai?”? *e a?aeiii ?i, ui
?oith “ae?oao aea?aeaaio” a cao?aeieo iaoeiaeo aeaeaiiyo aaea io?oe?eii
iaceaathoue no?aeeeii?
ssaeua aeiaaa? oa?i?ia, ? aiii eiai iaea?aeaei.
Neiai “no?aeee” aeaaii a?aeiia a Oe?a?i?, ianaiia?aae o ieeia?noa?.
No?aeeeii iaceaaee i?oaieio ca?ia, a oaeiae ioeo c oaeiai ca?ia, ? oea
aoei ia ia?oini?oia ca?ii oa iecueei? yeino? ioea.
Nueiaiaei? neiai “no?aeee” ii/aee aaeeaaoe ? a oe?ieiio ?icoi?ii? – ye
iacao caeaa?aaeiaaiiai, oaiaiai aeooiaiiai na?oo ethaeeie, ??
a?ae??aaiino? a?ae ??aeiiai, ye iacao aeey i?oaieie caeeoe?a aeaaiueiai,
aaouee?anueeiai c oei /oaeei, ui i?aaeth? iniaeno?noue.
Caaaeueiiaeciaii, ui ei?enooaaoeny noi?ooth c aeaio iia – oea iaeia c
iaeo?eaiaei?oeo yaeu caaaeueiiiaaeaaia?/iiai oa?aeoa?o. Neae?/aia iiaa
iooiey? ethaeeio, caiaeeoue ?? ieneaiiy aei i?ei?oeaa. Aaeaea iiaa
ae?aaea? ia o?eueee aeoieo. Neiai noeioeth? na?aeii?noue,
i?aeii?yaeeiao? ?? nia?, oi?io?. No?aeee a Oe?a?i? ? iaaacia/iei, ai
caa?iaeo? ci?ieoe iiao, ui oi?ioaaeanue oi?iaeiaae a?e?a. Iiao,
aaea/acia aaaaonoai ? iaeiae?ei?noue yei? ae?noaee caaaeueia aeciaiiy
1943 ?ieo a Ia?eae? ia anana?oiueiio eiieo?n? e?ane iia, aea oe?a?inueea
caeiyea o?ao? i?noea (ia ia?oiio – o?aioeocueea, ia ae?oaiio –
ia?nueea).
Oi ye ia?ii o?aeooaaoe iao no?aeee? Ia ye iaoo aeio, a ye iaoo
i?aai?/io neaa?noue, oai?iao, yeo o?aaa e?eoaaoe. Iiaa – oea oaeiae
iaee//y ia?iaeo, aiii oyaeei niioai?aia.
O oae?e neooaoe?? aea?aeaaa iiaeiia iaoe aeeaiei i?iaeoiaio aoiai?oa?io
iie?oeeo, noai?thaaoe iaoai?cie aoaeoeaiiai aieeao, eii?aeeioaaoe
coneeey nai?o o/aieo ? ieooe?a.
O ian ? i?ae?ani? a/ai?, oao?aoe? c ??cieo aaeocae ciaiue, aea /iionue
i?eneooathoueny ia aei ieo. Caoa aacia?anoaieo ieaoyoue oaeueoea? c??ee
oio-a?ciano aai iie?oeee an?o ianoae ? eae?a??a, ye? aeno??eththoue o
iane noii?ai? aanea e naioaioe?? oeio : “oae ?noi?e/ii neeaeiny”,
“ae?oaa aea?aeaaia iiaa” ? o.?i.
*iai aa?o?, iai?eeeaae, iino?ei? caeeeiaiiy eoeueoo?e aeiiii?eith –
iiaeya, a?ae?iaeeii aeiiii?eo, oiae? e ii/iaoueny aeooiaia
a?ae?iaeaeaiiy. ? ?icea?o eoeueoo?e, ? e?oa?aoo?e, ? ienoaoeoaa. Oae
i?eiee ia aoei, ai aeiiii?eo ?icaaeththoue iaei?, a eoeueoo?o
noai?ththoue ?io?.
Aethci??noai aiai?eoe i?i oa, ui aeooiaia aeeooy caeaaeeoue a?ae
aeiiii?ee e aeia?iaooo, eiee ia?aae i/eia aeie? caio/aieo,
ia?ane?aeoaaieo, ?ai?aniaaieo oe?a?inueeeo ienueiaiiee?a. *iionue a
?noi?e/ia aacnia?oy oa?eoee naia aiie, a ia o?, ui i?ioea?oaee ca an?o
?aaeei?a.
Aea /iio ae ethaee ia caaaeathoue nia? eeiiioo iiaeoiaoe i?i i?e/eie
eoeueoo?iiai caiaiaaeo, /iio ae ciiao e ciiao aeathoue iooeaoe naaa. Oea
iiaeia aoei a iacaaoe aaeaioiaaiei ?icoiii – oiaoi oaeei, ui aaea caeye,
i?ecae/a?any, ao?aoea naith aia?aaoeeo. Ni?aaae?, aea?oueny aciaee
?ico?a/aia aeooiaia niaaeueia ? ci?aa/aia iiiyooy ethaeeie a iiiaaieai?e
iaoe??. ? aecaieaiiy c ?aanoaa ia iiaea aooe cai?iaia ciai?oi?i
aecaieaiiyi.
Aea?aeaaa – oea nenoaia, yea caa??aa? naaa. ? yeui ie aea?aeaaa, a
ioaea, nenoaia, oi /iio ae ie aeicaiey?ii ?? ?icaaethaaoe? E?iaoeue
aeaaaeoeyoiai noie?ooy, ii/aoie oeny/ie?ooy – iaoe??, ui e aein? ia
caoeeny, iaoe?? neaae? e ianoaa?euei?, ia?niaeoeae ia iathoue. Iei? a
ae?th aoiaeyoue cian?i ?io? iaoai?cie. Aiie aei?noie?. Neaae? ia?iaee
aoaeooue ia?aiaeai? a oeueiio ieei?. Iao? i?iaeaie i?eiai ia
oe?eaaeyoue, ? ia o?aaa aeoiaoe, ui aiie o ian oae? oi?eaeuei?. Ie
iaee?au?, a iai iaea??oa – a ?noi??? oeae i?eioeei ia aiaeeoueny.
Ia?oainueeee ienueiaiiee Ia??i Aa?aan Eueeina ienaa ua aaaaoi ?ie?a
oiio, ui iiaea noaoeny oae, ui “iaeoyae/o ai?ioueao ie,
eaoeiiaia?eeaioe?, aoaeaii aanoe nai? c niaith. Ian iaoyaeothoue
noie?ooy iaioaaiiy iaoa?ieiino?, aaniethoieo ?noei ? aeaniioe/ieo
o?yae?a, ? neeiooe oeae oyaa? aoaea iaeaaei”. Ia/a i?i ian.
Ie aaea aei?ine? ethaee, iieiae? oa aia?a?ei?, ? cian?i iaaaaaoi /ano
caeeoeeinue aei oiai iiiaioo, eiee i?aeaii a naiino?eia aeeooy. ?
iaiaei?iii caaeoia?iinue iaae oei, ye c?iaeoe oea aeeooy a?aeiei oa
caaacia/aiei. C oeueiai i?eaiaeo Ae.Ea?iaa? ienaa, ui i?i ethaeeio
noaeyoue c 4 ?a/ae :
· ye aiia aeaeyaea?;
· ui aiia ?iaeoue;
· ye aiia aiai?eoue;
· ui aiia aiai?eoue.
Ioaea, ia 50% noaaeaiiy aei ethaeeie o na?o? caeaaeeoue a?ae ?? iiae.
*a?aiaee ?ac, i?ney iace?/aiieo aea?oa ? ao?ao, i?aei?ia?oueny c eie?i
ia?iae ?on?-Oe?a?ie. O?ce/ii ii/aoaa?oiaaiee, ia o?aoeio yie/a?eciaaiee,
iaiieiaeio iaieo?oeciaaiee, iiaieiaia ciaaaaeaiee – a?i cae?eia?oueny ia
iiaai c??no, uia “o ia?iae?a aieuei?i eie?” ciiao iaieineoe ia aanue
na?o:
“Ua ia aia?ea Oe?a?ia!”
“Ua ia aia?ea ? ia ai?a!”
Ai aeeaa iaoa iiaa. Ioaea, aeeaee iao aeoo, aeeaa iaoa i?niy, iaoa
?noi??y, iaoa ?aei?noue ? iaei?noue.
AEeaa iaoa iiaa – ? c iaie iao? eiyc? ? aaoueiaie, iao? ienueiaiieee ?
a/ai?, iao? aea?aeaaieee ? ca?iei? iai?iioe?.
AEeaa iaoa iiaa – ? c iaie 15-i?eueeiiia ae?anii?a.
AEeaa iaoa iiaa – ? iao aiein cao/eoue o anaeainueeiio oi?? ia?iae?a.
Ai iaoa iiaa – oea iaoa ?ae?a?y, iaoa aea?aeaaa, iaoa ieioaoeia, iaoa
iaae?y, iaoa iaeaooi?.
Ai iaoa iiaa – oea ie, oe?a?ioe?, – aeia?ee, /aniee, i?aoeueiaeoee
ia?iae, ui oeny/ie?ooyie aeeaa ia aa?aaao Aei?i?a ? Aei?no?a, oai, aea
aoea eieenea ?iaei?a?iiaenueeeo ia?iae?a, aea noi?ioaaany oei a?ei?
ethaeeie.
Ai iaoa iiaa – oea iaoa i?niy, a ia?iae, eio?ee ia? oaeo i?nith, ia
caeaoiee /eieoe iani?iaieiaaia cei ?ioei ia?iaeai.
Ioiae, ia eeoa eeyi?iiny a ethaia? aei ??aeii? iiae, ia eeoa iea/ii iaae
?? aeieath, a i?aoetheii aeey ia?, aea/aeii, caaeeaetheiinue o ??
iioiaeaeaiiy e ?noi??th, iioe?theii, i?iiaaoeii ??.
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