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IEIENOA?NOAI IAUAAI E I?IOANNEIIAEUeIIAI IA?ACIAAIEss
OAAA?IANEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE IAAeAAIAE*ANEEE OIEAA?NEOAO
Eo?niaay ?aaioa ii oaoie/aneie iiaeaioiaea
Enoi?ey nicaeaiey, ?acaeoey e iauaa ono?ienoai AO?
Auiieiee: nooaeaio 32 acaiaea
Eauoe I. A.
?oeiaiaeeoaeue:
iiaeiieeiaiee Aeoaeei A.
OAAA?IANE 2001
Ieai:
Aaaaeaiea
1. Nicaeaiea ia?auo ioa/anoaaiiuo a?iiaiaoei
2. Iniiaiua oeiu a?iie?iaaiiuo iaoei
3. Eiiiiiiaea AO?
4. A?iiaei?ion e ?aciauaiea ?an/aoa
Caeeth/aiea
Eeoa?aoo?a.
Aaaaeaiea
N oao ii?, eae /aeiaa/anoai ia/aei aiaaaoue ethaee noa?aeenue caueoeoue
naay e n?aaenoaa ia?aaeaeaeaiey. A aioe/iinoe ia aiaaua eieanieoeu
onoaiaaeeaaee ueou. Oycaeiua ianoa aiaauo neiiia ia?neaeneie a?iee oae
aea auee caueuaiu. Ieiei aeanyoe eao iacaae ia a?oaieiae/aneeo ?aneiieao
a Iiiaieee auea iaeaeaia a?iie?iaaiiay iiaicea, i?eiaaeeaaeauay,
aa?iyoii, *eiaec-Oaio. Ii nia?aiaiiui ia?eai aa a?iiy aeiaieueii oiieay,
ii no?aeu e eiiuey iia auaea?aeeaaea i?ae?anii. A n?aaeiea aaea nieaeaou
e iaacaeieee caueuaee aeaeaciui iaioee?ai ia oieueei naay, ii e naieo
eioaaeae.
N ia/aeii Ia?aie ie?iaie aieiu aieneai iio?aaiaaeanue eaaeia?iie?iaaiiay
oaoieea, a nayce n oai, /oi aieueoeinoai aoae iaoiou caoeaauaaeenue a
ioeaiaoiuo i/a?aaeyo. Eiaiii aeey iiaeaea?aeee iaoiou e nicaeaaaeanue
ia?aay a?iiaoaoieea. A?iiacaueoa oaoieee oao eao auea ?ann/eoaia
no?aeeiaia i?oaeea. Eieaniua a?iiaaeee auiieiyeenue ia aacao eaaeiauo e
a?ociauo aaoiiiaeeae e eiaee aeiaieueii iaieioea oa?aeoa?enoeee.
Aonaie/iua a?iiaaeee (i?aaeee oaieia e AII) i?iaeoe?iaaeenue e
nicaeaaaeenue i?aeoe/anee n ioey, e ca/anooth ii naiei oa?aeoa?enoeeai
onooiaee eieaniui iaoeiai (iaeioi?ua iiaeaee eiaee iii?iua eaoee
auiieiaiiua ec aea?aaa).
O?iee Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie Aieiu iieacaee, /oi iaaeaaeiay caueoa ioaeia
ia oieueei iaoeiai i?ee?uoey iaoiou, ii e naiie iaoioa, iniaaiii i?e aa
o?ainii?oe?iaea. Oi?ioi a?iie?iaaiiie oaoieee i?aaeiacia/aiiie aeey
ia?aaicee e i?ee?uoey iaoiou, a ia/aea aieiu o NNN? i?aeoe/anee ia auei.
A i?iecaiaenoaii oaeie oaoieea caieiaoueny ieeoi ia oioae, oae eae
no?aia ioaeiu auee oyaeaeua e n?aaeiea oaiee. Iaeiaei a E?anioth a?ieth
iinooiaea iiaeiaiay oaoieea ec Aia?eee ii eaiae-eeceiao (aeiaiai?o ia
a?aiaea). A /anoiinoe yoi AO? eieanii-aonaie/iiai oeia I9A1. Oaeay
oaoieea auea iniaaiii yooaeoeaia i?e iieieaiiniuo aoaeao e ?aeaeao a oue
a?aaeaneeo iiae?acaeaeaiee.
Iinea ieii/aiey Aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu niaaoneea eiino?oeoi?u aeoeaii
i?eiyeenue nicaeaaaoue ?acee/iua aeaeu eieaniie e aonaie/iie
a?iiaoaoieee i?aaeiacia/aiiie aeey ia?aaicee e i?ee?uoey iaoiou,
ieiiiaoiuo e a?oeeea?eeneeo ?an/aoia, aiene nayce e iaania/aiey.
Ieaea, a iiae ?aaioa aoaeoo ?anniio?aiu aii?inu, naycaiiua n
a?iiao?ainii?oa?aie nicaeaiiuie a ia?eiae iinea Aaeeeie ioa/anoaaiiie
aieiu e aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie.
1. Nicaeaiea ia?auo ioa/anoaaiiuo a?iiaiaoei
A 1900 a. ?onneee ecia?aoaoaeue A. A. Eooeeie, aaoi? ia?aiai a?ociaiai
aaoiiiaeey ioa/anoaaiiie eiino?oeoeee, i?aaeeiaeee A?oeeea?eeneiio
eiieoaoo aaoiiiaeeue, caueuaiiue a?iiaauie eenoaie e aii?oaeaiiue
ioeaiaoaie. Iaeiaei aiaiiua /eiiaieee auee ?acae?aaeaiu iaaeaaiae
iaoaea/ae n ia?iaui a?iie?iaaiiui o?aeoi?ii. Iiae ai?y/oth ?oeo iie
ioaa?aee e i?aaeeiaeaiea Eooeeiai.
A ?innee iino?ieeie a?iiaaeeia caiyeenue aoeaaeueii n naiiai ia/aea
ia?aie ie?iaie aieiu. Aacie iineoaeeee aaoiiiaeee ioa/anoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, ecaioiaeaiiua ia ?onnei-Aaeoeeneii aaaiiiii caaiaea
(?AAC) a ?eaa, – a?ociaeee na?ee I. A?aiaie auei a ia?ac, e i?eoeinue
auae?aoue iaeaieaa i?inoua eiino?oeoeaiua ?aoaiey. ?aoeee ia aeaeaoue
a?auathueony aaoai. Iaaeinoaoie yoio eiiiaine?iaaee onoaiiaeie o?ao
ioeaiaoia: iaeiiai a eiaiaie /anoe ei?iona e aeaoo ii ai?oai. Anaai auei
iino?iaii 15 a?iiaaaoiiiaeeae (?en. 1). Eo ecaioiaee Eaei?neee caaiae a
Eieieii (iaaeaeaei io Iaoa?ao?aa, ia?aeiaiiaaiiiai a ia/aea aieiu a
Iao?ia?aae).
Aienea eniuouaaee iio?aaiinoue e a aieaa oyaeaeii oeia a?iiaaaoiiiaeeae,
aii?oaeaiiuo iooeaie. Inaiueth 1914 a. i?iecaiaenoai oaeeo iaoei auei
iaeaaeaii ia Iooeeianeii caaiaea. A ea/anoaa aacu eniieueciaaee
aia?eeaineee a?ociaee “Aa?oi?ae”.
Ooaan-eaieoai Iaaa?ia a 1915 a. caa?iie?iaae o?aioeocneee aaoiiiaeeue
“?aii” (?en. 2). Ana iaoeiu yoie ia?ee a oi a?aiy eiaee ?aaeeaoi?,
?aniieiaeaiiue iicaaee aeaeaaoaey, e iiyoiio o ieo aue oa?aeoa?iue
ino?ue iin. Yoi ianoiyoaeuenoai eae iaeuecy eo/oa e iiaeoiaeeei Iaaa?iao
aeey inouanoaeaiey aai caiunea. Ii ?aoee iino?ieoue a?iiaaaoiiiaeeue n
neeueii neioaiiie ia?aaeiae /anoueth, iaiiieiaaoae ii oi?ia eeei.
Caueuaiiinoue iaoeiu Iaaa?iaa ?acei aic?inea ii n?aaiaieth n ae?oaeie
oeiaie a?iiaaeeia: ioey, i?iaeaaaoay aa?oeeaeueiue eeno noaee,
neieueceea ii iaeeiiiui ieineinoyi ei?iona iaoeiu Iaaa?iaa.
Ae?oaie ?onneee ioeoea?, oiaea ooaan-eaieoai, Iiieaaei ?ac?aaioae ia
oanne iieiii?eaiaeiiai a?ociaeea “Aeaeaooa?e” i?eaeiaeueiue a?iiaaee
(?en.3). Ei?ion aue ni?iaeoe?iaai oaeie oi?iu, eioi?ay iicaieyea eaaei
?ac?ooaoue i?iaiei/iua caa?aaeaeaiey. Ii nooe, yoi aue eieaniue oaie,
eioi?ue aeieaeai aue eaeoe aia?aaee ianooiathuae iaoiou e i?ieeaaeuaaoue
ae iooue. A 1916 a. aeeaeceii oaeeo iaoei aue iai?aaeai ia o?iio.
Iaeiaei ii naiaio i?yiiio iacia/aieth ii oai ia i?eiaiyeny.
Caueuaee a?iiae e a?ociaua aaoiiiaeee “Ie?eann”, “Ie?n-A??io” e ae?oaea.
E na?aaeeia 1917 a. ?onneie a?iee, ianiio?y ia iioa?e, ian/eouaaeinue
ieiei 300 a?iiaaaoiiiaeeae, naaaeaiiuo a 13 a?iiaaeeaeceiiia. Iaeaieaa
yooaeoeaii iie i?eiaiyeenue a ia?eiaeu iaiaa?aiiuo aiaauo aeaenoaee, a
iniiaiii ai a?aiy ianooieaiey eee ionooieaiey.
A NNN? a 1937 a. ia aaca o?aoiniiai a?iiaaeea AA-10 neiino?oe?iaaee
10-ianoiue a?iiao?ainii?oa? aeey yaaeoaoeee ?aiaiuo – AA-22. Ianeieueei
iicaea ia aaca a?ociaeea CEN-5 nicaeaee iieoaonaie/iue a?iiao?ainii?oa?
A-C.
Iaeiaei iiaeeeiiia i?eciaiea e oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea a?iie?iaaiiua
o?ainii?oa?u aeey iaoiou iieo/eee oieueei a aiaeu aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu,
eiaaea eo auione ai anao no?aiao en/eneyeny aeanyoeaie ouny/. Aieueoa
anaai iaoei oaeiai iacia/aiey no?ieee a NOA. Iie auee aeaoo oeiia –
eieaniue e iieoaonaie/iue. Eieaniue i?aaenoaaeye niaie ioe?uooth naa?oo
aeaooinioth iaoeio.
A E?aniie A?iee ai a?aiy Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu, i?aeiouanoaaiii a
aa aoi?ie iieiaeia, i?eiaiyeinue iaeioi?ia eiee/anoai a?iiao?ainii?oa?ia
aia?eeaineiai i?iecaiaenoaa – eae eieaniuo, oae e iieoaonaie/iuo. Iie
iinoaaeyeenue ii eaiae-eeco (niaeaoaieth ia a?aiaea). A?iiao?ainii?oa?u
eniieueciaaeenue a E?aniie A?iee e eae a?oeeea?eeneea oyaa/e, e eae
eiiaiaee?neea iaoeiu.
2. Iniiaiua oeiu a?iie?iaaiiuo iaoei
A i?ioeii e a?iiaoaieiaiio aii?oaeaieth (oaoieea) Nooiiooiuo aiene
ioiineeenue /aou?a iniiaiuo aeaea aiaauo iaoei: oaiee, a?iiaaaoiiiaeee
(AA), naiioiaeiua a?oeeea?eeneea onoaiiaee (NAO) e a?iiao?ainii?oa?u
(AO?).
A?iiao?ainii?oa? – aiaaay a?iie?iaaiiay eieaniay eee aonaie/iay iaoeia
aunieie i?ioiaeeiinoe, i?aaeiacia/aiiay aeey o?ainii?oe?iaaiey ee/iiai
ninoaaa iioino?aeeiauo iiae?acaeaeaiee e eo iaiaaie iiaeaea?aeee a aith.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy iaeiei ec aeaaiuo aeaeia aii?oaeaiey Nooiiooiuo aiene
ii-i?aaeiaio yaeyaony a?iiaoaieiaia aii?oaeaiea y oaoieea.
E a?iiaoaieiaiio aii?oaeaieth ioiinyony neaaeothuea iaoeiu: oaiee,
aiaaua iaoeiu iaoiou (AII), aiaaua iaoeiu aeanaioiua (AIAe),
a?iiao?ainii?oa?u (AO?), aiaaua ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiua iaoeiu (A?I e A?AeI),
a oaeaea aacu yoeo iaoei aeey onoaiiaee (iiioaaea) ae?oaeo aeaeia
aii?oaeaiey e oaoieee (?aeaoiuo, eiaeaia?iuo, oeie/aneeo e ae?oaeo
aiene).
E a?iiaoaieiaie oaoieea ioiinyony: oaieiaua oyaa/e (OO), a?iie?iaaiiua
?aiiioii-yaaeoaoeeiiiua iaoeiu (A?YI), iaoeiu oaoie/aneie iiiiue (IOI),
iiaeaeaeiua n?aaenoaa ?aiiioa e ianeoaeeaaiey a?iiaoaieiaiai aii?oaeaiey
e oaoieee (IOI), iioioeeeeu.
Iiuo i?eiaiaiey a aieneao ia?auo iineaaiaiiuo eieaniuo
a?iiao?ainii?oa?ia iieacae, /oi iie ia iaeaaeatho aeinoaoi/iie
i?ioiaeeiinoueth. A nayce n yoei auee nicaeaiu iiaua ainueieeieaniua
a?iiao?ainii?oa?u, ia onooiathuea ii i?ioiaeeiinoe aonaie/iui iaoeiai.
A ia/aea 60-o aiaeia oaea auee auiouaiu ia?aua ieaaathuea
a?iiao?ainii?oa?u AO?-60I. Caoai iie iiaeaa?aaeenue iiaea?iecaoeee: auee
auiouaiu AO?-60IA n e?uoae, AO?-60IA – n aaoiae, AO?-70.
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-40
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-40 (?en. 4) aue nicaeai a Ai?ueeii eiino?oeoi?neei
ath?i iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii A.A. Aeaaeeiaa e i?eiyo ia aii?oaeaiea a 1950
a. Na?eeiue auione iaoei inouanoaeyeny a 1950-58 aa. ia Ai?ueeianeii
aaoicaaiaea.
Iaoeia ?ac?aaaouaaeanue n eniieueciaaieai oceia e aa?aaaoia a?ociaiai
aaoiiiaeey iiauoaiiie i?ioiaeeiinoe AAC-63. Iia eiaea eiiiiiiai/ioth
noaio n ia?aaeiei ?aniieiaeaieai iioi?ii-o?ainienneiiiiai ioaeaeaiey e n
ei?iiaui ?aciauaieai aeanaioa. Neeiaoth ?aio caiaiye ianouee ei?ion
iaoeiu, e eioi?iio e?aieeenue ana oceu e aa?aaaou. Yoi iicaieeei
nieceoue iauoth aunioo. Ei?ion eiae aeaa aieiaua aeaa?oeu aeey
eiiaiaee?a e aiaeeoaey e iaeio caaeithth aeey aeanaioa.
Ia aii?oaeaiee AO? ninoiye 7,62-ii ioeaiao Ai?thiiaa NAI, eioi?ue iia
auoue onoaiiaeai ia ai?oiauo e?iiooaeiao, ia ei?ia, eee ia o?oa/aoie
ooaiaa, oaaee/eaathuae aeanoeinoue ei?iona. Naa?iie ei?ion, ioe?uoue
naa?oo, ecaioaaeeaaeny ec a?iiaauo eenoia oieueiie 6-8 ii.
Ea?ath?aoi?iue aeaeaaoaeue AAC-40 eiae iiauoaiioth iiuiinoue ii
n?aaiaieth n aeaeaaoaeai aaciaiai aaoiiiaeey AAC-63. A ia?aaeiae /anoe
AO? auea onoaiiaeaia eaaaaeea, eiaaoay o?in aeeeiie 75 i e ?ann/eoaiiay
ia neeo oyae 4500 ean. Aeinooi e eaaaaeea iaania/eaaeny /a?ac a?iiaethe.
A 1969 a. auee i?iaaaeaiu eniuoaiey AO?-40 n iaaaniui iai?oaeiaaieai
eiiaeie?iaaiiiai oiaea. Onoaiiaea yoiai iai?oaeiaaiey iaania/eaaea
onoie/eaia aeaeaeaiea iaoeiu ii ?aeueniaie eieaa ni nei?inoyie aei 65
ei//, a oaeaea aiciiaeiinoue aoene?iaee iaeiioeiiiai AO?. Iinoaiiaea
iaoeiu ia ?aeuenu e niyoea aa n iooe inouanoaeyeenue a oa/aiea 5-10
ieioo eiiaiaeie ec aeaoo /aeiaae n iiiiuueth aeaoo ia?aiiniuo aiia?aeae.
Onoaiiaeaiiia iaaaniia iai?oaeiaaiea ia ieacuaaei nouanoaaiiiai aeeyiey
ia i?ioiaeeiinoue e nei?inoue aeaeaeaiey iaoeiu ii a?oioiaui aei?iaai.
N 1951 aiaea aaca AO?-40 auioneaeny AO?-40A n caieoiie onoaiiaeie
COIO-2, onoaiiaeaiiie a aeanaioiii ioaeaeaiee e ninoiyuae ec nia?aiiuo
14,5-ii ioeaiaoia EIA. Iaeneiaeueiue oaie aicauoaiey onoaiiaee +90°,
oaie nieaeaiey – 5°. Aiaaay nei?ino?aeueiinoue 70 auno?aeia a ieiooo.
Aiaeiiieaeo ninoaaeye 1200 iao?iiia. Aeey no?aeueau ii iacaiiui oeaeyi
i?eiaiyeny oaeaneiie/aneee iioe/aneee i?eoeae, a aeey no?aeueau ii
aicaeooiui – eieeeiaoi?iue. Yeeiaae a?iiao?ainii?oa?a ninoiye ec 4
/aeiaae.
A 1956 a. aue ?ac?aaioai a?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-40A n cae?uoui a?iiaaui
ei?ionii, eioi?ue aue i?eiyo ia aii?oaeaiea a 1958 a. e auioneaeny aei
1960 a.
E?uoa ei?iona ecaioiaeyeanue ec a?iiaauo eenoia n aeaoiy etheaie,
cae?uaaaiuie aeaoonoai?/aouie aeaa?oeaie. A aeanaioiii ioaeaeaiee
?aciauaeinue 6 /aeiaae. A ai?oao ei?iona eiaeinue ii aeaa aia?aco?u aeey
no?aeueau ec i?oaeey aeanaioa. A nayce n aaaaeaieai a?iiaaie e?uoe
ioeaiao NAI onoaiaaeeaaeny ia ia?aaeiai eee caaeiai e?iiooaeia ei?iona.
No?aeueaa ec ioeaiaoa auea aiciiaeia oieueei i?e ioe?uouo etheao.
Ia aaca AO?-40 auioneaeanue iaoeia oeie/aneie ?acaaaeee AO?-40?O. Iia
ioee/aeanue io aaciaie iaoeiu onoaiiaeie aeiiieieoaeueiiai iai?oaeiaaiey
aeey i?iaaaeaiey ?aaeeaoeeiiiie e oeie/aneie ?acaaaeee.
A 1957 a. auea auiouaia iaaieueoay ia?oey iaoei, iieo/eaoeo iaeiaiiaaiea
AO?-40A, n oeaio?aeeciaaiiie nenoaiie ?aaoee?iaee aeaaeaiey aicaeooa a
oeiao. Iiaeaiae aicaeooa e eaaeaeiio eieano inouanoaeyeny nia?oaee,
/a?ac nooieoeo.
OAOIE*ANEEA AeAIIUA
Aiaaay ianna, o 5,3
Yeeiaae, /ae. 2
Aeanaio, /ae. 8
Aii?oaeaiea 7,62-ii noaieiaue ioeaiao NAIA
Aiaeiiieaeo, iao?. 1250
A?iiaaay caueoa, ii 6-8
Iaeneiaeueiay nei?inoue, ei// 80
Caian oiaea, ei 285
Aeaeaaoaeue: ea?ath?aoi?iue, oanoeoeeeeiae?iaue
Iaeneiaeueiay iiuiinoue, e.n. 78
Eieaniay oi?ioea 4O4
I?aiaeieaaaaiua i?aiyonoaey:
iiaeuai 30°
a?iae, i 1,2
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-152
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-152 (?en. 5) aue nicaeai eiino?oeoi?neei ath?i
Iineianeiai aaoiiiaeeueiiai caaiaea eiaie Noaeeia, eioi?ui ?oeiaiaeee
A.A. A?a/aa, e i?eiyo ia aii?oaeaiea a 1950 a. Aaaeouei eiino?oeoi?ii
i?iaeoa aue A.I. Oeooa?iai. AO? iaoiaeeeny a na?eeiii i?iecaiaenoaa n
1950 a. ii 1955 a.
AO? ?ac?aaaouaaeny ia aaca oceia e aa?aaaoia a?ociaiai aaoiiiaeey
CEN-151 e eiae ioe?uoue naa?oo naa?iie ianouee ei?ion. A ia?aaeiae /anoe
ei?iona iaoiaeeeinue iioi?ii-o?ainienneiiiia ioaeaeaiea, a n?aaeiae
/anoe – ioaeaeaiea oi?aaeaiey e a ei?iiaie /anoe – aeanaioiia
ioaeaeaiea. A ioaeaeaiee oi?aaeaiey ?aciauaeanue ?aaeeinoaioeey
?-113/13a. Ei?ion eiae aeaa aieiaua aeaa?oeu aeey eiiaiaee?a e aiaeeoaey
e iaeio caaeithth aeey aeanaioa.
Iaoeia auea aii?oaeaia 7,62-ii noaieiaui ioeaiaoii Ai?thiiaa (NA-43,
iicaea NAIA), eioi?ue onoaiaaeeaaeny ia iaeiii ec /aou?ao e?iiooaeiia n
aa?oethaaie, ?aniieiaeaiiuo ii ia?eiao?o ei?iona. Iia eiaea
i?ioeaiioeueiia a?iie?iaaiea n oieueiie a?iiaauo eenoia io 6 aei 13 ii.
Iiuiinoue ea?ath?aoi?iiai aeaeaaoaey CEN-123 auea oaaee/aia ii
n?aaiaieth n aaoiiiaeeueiui aeaeaaoaeai e ninoaaeyea 110 e.n. E?iia
oiai, ia AO? onoaiaaeeaaeenue aeaooaeeneiaia noeaieaiea nooiai o?aiey,
iyoenei?inoiay ei?iaea ia?aaea/, aeaoonooiai/aoay ?acaeaoi/iay ei?iaea,
oeo/oaiiay eiino?oeoeey iiaeaanee, ec aeaoo iieoyeaioe/aneeo ?anni? e
aeaoo aeae?iaii?oecaoi?ia ?u/aaeiiai aeaenoaey, a oae aea oeiu
iinoiyiiiai aeaaeaiey, oaaee/aiiiai aeeaiao?a.
Iaee/ea o?ao aaaeoueo iinoia e oei n i?ioaeoi?ii oeia “Aacaeaoiae”
iaania/eaaee a?iiao?ainii?oa?o iiauoaiioth i?ioiaeeiinoue.
Ia aaca AO?-152 auioneaeanue iaoeia nayce AO?-152N e AO?-152A n caieoiie
onoaiiaeie COIO-2 eee CIOO-4.
OAOIE*ANEEA AeAIIUA
Aiaaay ianna, o 8,7 (n eaaaaeeie – 8,95)
Yeeiaae, /ae. 2
Aeanaio, /ae. 17
Aii?oaeaiea 7,62-ii noaieiaue ioeaiao NAIA
A?iiaaay caueoa, ii 6-13
Iaeneiaeueiay nei?inoue, ei// 65
Caian oiaea, ei 600
Aeaeaaoaeue ea?ath?aoi?iue, oanoeoeeeeiae?iaue
Iaeneiaeueiay iiuiinoue 110 e.n. i?e 3200 ia/iei.
Eieaniay oi?ioea 6O6
Aeoaeia i?aa?aae, i?aiaeieaaaaiuo aa?iae, i 0,8
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-50I
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-50I aue nicaeai a 1952 a. ia aaca oanne eaaeiai
oaiea IO-76 eiino?oeoi?neei ath?i, eioi?ui ?oeiaiaeee AE.ss. Eioei. A
oiaea ?ac?aaioee ii eiae iaicia/aiea “Iauaeo 750”. Aaaeouei
eiino?oeoi?ii i?iaeoa aue I.O. Oaoio?ei. Ia aii?oaeaiea AO?-50I i?eiyo a
1954 a., a aai na?eeiia i?iecaiaenoai inouanoaeyeinue a 1952-54 aa.
Ii ioiineeny e iieocae?uoiio oeio a?iiao?ainii?oa?ia. A ioaeaeaiee
oi?aaeaiey ?aciauaeny yeeiaae, ninoiyaoee ec iaoaieea-aiaeeoaey e
eiiaiaee?a iaoeiu.
?aai/aa ianoi eiiaiaee?a auei iai?oaeiaaii a a?iiaaie ?oaea, aaa?aiiie a
eaaie ia?aaeiae /anoe ei?iona. A n?aaeiae /anoe ei?iona iaoiaeeeinue
ioe?uoia naa?oo aeanaioiia ioaeaeaiea ni nuaiiui oaioii.
Ia e?uoa IOI auee cae?aieaiu ioeeaeiua aiia?aee aeey iia?ocee
a?oeeea?eeneeo nenoai eee aaoiiiaeey oeia AAC-69, eee ae?oaeo a?ocia
iannie aei 2 oiii. Iaoeia auea iai?oaeiaaia niaoeeaeueiui iia?oci/iui
ono?ienoaii, a ninoaa eioi?iai aoiaeeea eaaaaeea n oyaiaui oneeeai 1500
ea/n e n ioai?ii iiuiinoe io aeaeaaoaey A-6A.
I?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe ec iia?oaeaiiie ia AO? iooee eaeea?ii aei 85 ii
aeeth/eoaeueii iiaeii auei aanoe iaiiue eae i?e aeaeaeaiee ia nooa, oae
e ia ieaao.
N 1954 a. a aienea noae iinooiaoue a?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-50IA, eioi?ue
ioee/aeny onoaiiaeie ia oo?aee naa?oo eiiaiaee?neie ?oaee 14,5-ii
ioeaiaoa EIAO.
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-50IE (?en. 6) aue i?eiyo ia aii?oaeaiea i?eeacii
Ieieno?a iai?iiu NNN? io 27.10.1958 a., a 1959 aiaeo auei i?aaieciaaii
aai na?eeiia i?iecaiaenoai ia Aieaia?aaeneii o?aeoi?iii caaiaea.
AO? eiae a?iiaaoth e?uoo aeanaioiiai ioaeaeaiey e aue aii?oaeai 7,62-ii
ioeaiaoii NAIA, eioi?ue a aiaaii iieiaeaiee onoaiaaeeaaeny ia e?iiooaeia
ia eaaii ai?oo ei?iona. Aaaaeaiea cae?uoiai aa?iaoe/iiai ei?iona
iicaieeei iai?oaeiaaoue iaoeio nenoaiie IAC, iaeiaei eneeth/eei
aiciiaeiinoue ia?aaicee a?onenoai eee aaoiiiaeey. Ionoonoaea
iia?oci/iiai ono?ienoaa iaoneiaeei onoaiiaeo aeaeaaoaey 8Ae6-IA aac
ei?iaee ioai?a iiuiinoe ia eaaaaeeo.
Ia aaca oanne AO?-50IE auee nicaeaiu e i?eiyou ia aii?oaeaiea iaoeia
oi?aaeaiey AO?-50IO e eiiaiaeii-ooaaiay iaoeia AO?-50IOI, a oaeaea
naiioiaeiay onoaiiaea ?acieie?iaaiey O?-67. E?iia oiai, ia aaca oanne
AO?-50I auee ecaioiaeaiu aioa?eoe/aneee aacaeaoiae “Ieiaaei”, iiuoiay
aiaaay iaoeia iaoiou “Iauaeo 914”, caieoiua naiioiaeiua onoaiiaee COIO-2
e COIO-4.
OAOIE*ANEEA AeAIIUA
Aiaaay ianna, o 14,5
Yeeiaae, /ae. 2
Aeanaio, /ae. 9 (ia aiaea aei 20)
Aii?oaeaiea 7,62-ii noaieiaue ioeaiao NAIA
A?iiaaay caueoa, ii:
Eia, ai?o ei?iona 10-13
Ei?ia 6
Iaeneiaeueiay nei?inoue, ei//:
ia nooa 44
ia ieaao 10
Caian oiaea, ei 240
Aeaeaaoaeue aeecaeueiue, oanoeoeeeeiae?iaue
Iiuiinoue aeaeaaoaey 240 e. n, i?e 1800 ia/iei
I?aiaeieaaaaiua i?aiyonoaey:
iiaeuai 38°
noaiea, i 1,1
?ia, i 2,8
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-60I
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-60I (?en. 7) aue nicaeai a Ai?ueeii eiino?oeoi?neii
ath?i iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii Aeaaeeiaa A.A. e i?eiyo ia aii?oaeaiea i?eeacii
Ieieno?a iai?iiu NNN? io 13.11.1959 a. Aai na?eeiia i?iecaiaenoai
inouanoaeyeinue a 1961-63 aa.
AO? aue ?ac?aaioai ia i?eaeiaeueiie aaca n ia?aaeiei ?aniieiaeaieai
ioaeaeaiey oi?aaeaiey e ei?iiaui ?aciauaieai neeiaie onoaiiaee. A
n?aaeiae /anoe ei?iona iaoiaeeeinue aeanaioiia ioaeaeaiea, aiauaaoaa 16
/aeiaae, a eioi?ii no?aeee iaoiaeeeenue eeoeii e ai?oo iaoeiu.
Eiiiiiiai/iay noaia iaania/eaaea iaiaoiaeeiue iinoiyiiue aeeooa?aio
iaoeiu ia ei?io aeey oeo/oaiey aa aiaeioiaeiuo ea/anoa.
Iaaeaeo iieii aeanaioiiai ioaeaeaiey e aeieuai iaoeiu onoaiaaeeaaeenue
aa?aaaou o?ainiennee. Ioe?uoue naa?oo ei?ion yaeyeny ianouei, eiae
iaoaeaaioth oi?io ieaeiae /anoe e aeieua e ecaioiaeyeny ec a?iiaauo
eenoia oieueiie 6-8 ii. Ianna a?iiao?ainii?oa?a ninoaaeyea 9,8 o.
Ia e?iiooaeiao eiaiaiai e ai?oiauo eenoia ei?iona onoaiaaeeaaeny ioeaiao
NAIA, aiaeiiieaeo eioi?iai ninoaaeye 1250 iao?iiia.
Aeey iaania/aiey caaeaiiuo o?aaiaaiee ii iiaeaeaeiinoe a AO?-60I
eniieueciaaeenue aeaa ea?ath?aoi?iuo aeaeaaoaey AAC-40I iiuiinoueth ii
90 e. n, i?aaenoaaeyaoea niaie oi?ne?iaaiiue aa?eaio aeaeaaoaey
a?ociaiai aaoiiiaeey AAC-51. Aeaeaaoaee auee niiioe?iaaiu ia?aeeaeueii
eaaeaeue ni naieie aa?aaaoaie o?ainiennee ia iaeiie iauae ?aia, ii
naeiee?iaaiu auee ia naie aeaeaaoaee, a oieueei eo i?eaiaeu oi?aaeaiey.
Ei?iaee ia?aaea/ /aou?aonei?inoiua, n neio?iiecaoi?aie.
Io i?aaiai aeaeaaoaey i?eaiaeeeenue a aeaenoaea eieana ia?aiai e
o?aoueaai iinoia, io eaaiai aeaeaaoaey – eieana aoi?iai e /aoaa?oiai
iinoia. Eieana ia?aie e aoi?ie inae auee oi?aaeyaiuie. A iiaeaanea
eniieueciaaeenue 8 oi?neiiiuo aaeia e 12 oaeaneiie/aneeo
aeae?iaii?oecaoi?ia. Ia e?aeieo oceao iiaeaanee onoaiaaeeaaeenue ii aeaa
aeae?iaii?oecaoi?a.
Oeiu aieueoiai i?ioeey eiaee oeaio?aeueioth nenoaio ?aaoee?iaaiey
aeaaeaiey aicaeooa. Oe?ieay eieay iicaieyea aeaeaaoueny ca oaieaie, a
/aou?a ?aaiiia?ii ?aniieiaeaiiuo ine aeaaaee aiciiaeiinoue
i?aiaeieaaaoue ?au oe?eiie aei 2 i. Aeey aeaeaeaiey ia aiaea
eniieueciaaeny aiaeiiaoiue aeaeaeeoaeue ?aaeoeaiiai oeia. A ia?aaeiae
/anoe ei?iona auea onoaiiaeaia eaaaaeea n aeeeiie o?ina 50 i e
iaeneiaeueiui oyaiaui oneeeai 4500 ean.
Ia aaca AO?-60I auee nicaeaiu iaoeia oi?aaeaiey ?-145 “*aeea” e iaoeia
oaoie/aneie iiiiue IOI-2.
Iniiaiua oaeoeei-oaoie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee a?iiao?ainii?oa?a AO?-60IA
Aiaaay ianna, o 10,3
Yeeiaae, /ae. 3
Aeanaio, /ae. 8
Aii?oaeaiea 14,5-ii ioeaiao EIAO e nia?aiiue n iei 7,62-ii ioeaiao IEO
Aeaeaaoaeue aeaa aaiceiiauo, oanoeoeeeeiae?iauo
Iiuiinoue aeaeaaoaey, e.n. 2o90
I?aiaeieaaaaiua i?aiyonoaey:
iiaeuai 30°
?ia, i 2
Eieaniay oi?ioea 8O8
AO?-70
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-70 – aiaaay eieaniay ieaaathuay a?iie?iaaiiay
iaoeia, aii?oaeaiiay 14,5-ii ioeaiaoii EIAO e nia?aiiui n iei 7,62-ii
ioeaiaoii IEO a aaoaiiie onoaiiaea.
A?iiao?ainii?oa? i?aaeiacia/ai aeey o?ainii?oe?iaaiey ee/iiai ninoaaa
iioino?aeeiauo iiae?acaeaeaiee e aeey eo iaiaaie iiaeaea?aeee.
Iniiaiua /anoe a?iiao?ainii?oa?a: a?iiaaie ei?ion, aaoiy n onoaiiaeaiiui
a iae aii?oaeaieai, i?eai?u iaaethaeaiey, neeiaay onoaiiaea,
o?ainienney, ?oeaaia oi?aaeaiea, oi?iiciua nenoaiu, oiaeiaay /anoue,
yeaeo?iiai?oaeiaaiea, n?aaenoaa nayce e niaoeeaeueiia iai?oaeiaaiea.
A?iiao?ainii?oa? /aou?aoiniue (ainueieeieaniue) ni anaie aaaeoueie
eieanaie iaeaaeaao aunieeie aeeiaie/aneeie ea/anoaaie, i?ioiaeeiinoueth
e ieaaiinoueth oiaea, niiniaai neaaeiaaoue ca oaieaie, n oiaeo
i?aiaeieaaaoue ieiiu, o?aioae e aiaeiua i?aa?aaeu.
Ei?ion iaoeiu cae?uoue, n aeaaeeei aeieuai, aa?iaoece?iaaiiue,
ecaioiaeai ec a?iiaauo eenoia, niaaaeai oeeueo?iaaioeeyoeeiiiie
onoaiiaeie (OAO) aeey nicaeaiey ecauoi/iiai aeaaeaiey e i/enoee
aicaeooa, iaaiaoaaiiai a iaeoaaioth /anoue ei?iona. Ei?ion yaeyaony
iniiaaieai, ia eioi?ii e?aiyony ana aa?aaaou e iaoaieciu iaoeiu,
A ei?iiaie /anoe ei?iona onoaiiaeaiu aeaa ea?ath?aoi?iuo
ainueieoeeeeiae?iauo aeaeaaoaey iiuiinoueth 120 e. n. eaaeaeue.
Aeaeaaoaee e aa?aaaou o?ainiennee ia naeiee?iaaiu iaaeaeo niaie, a
naeiee?iaaiu eeoue i?eaiaeu oi?aaeaiey eie.
O?ainienney io eaaeaeiai aeaeaaoaey e eieanai aeeth/aao a naay: nooia
iaeiiaeeneiaia noeaieaiea, iaoaie/aneoth ei?iaeo ia?aaea/, ?acaeaoi/ioth
ei?iaeo n i?yiie e iiieaeathuae ia?aaea/aie, ea?aeaiiua ia?aaea/e,
aeaaiua ia?u aeaoo aaaeoueo iinoia n eoea/eiauie aeeooa?aioeeaeaie
iiauoaiiiai o?aiey e /aou?a eieaniuo ?aaeoeoi?a.
Eieana ia?aiai e aoi?iai iinoia oi?aaeyaiua (n iiiiuueth ?oeaaiai
iaoaiecia n aeae?ioneeeoaeai).
Ia iaoeia onoaiiaeaiu aeaa iacaaeneiua oi?iiciua nenoaiu: ?aai/ay,
aeaenoaothuay ia ana ainaiue eiean, e noiyii/iay aeaenoaothuay ia
o?ainienneth.
Aeey aeaeaeaiey ia aiaea iaoeia iai?oaeiaaia aiaeiiaoiui “aeaeaeeoaeai,
onoaiiaeaiiui a ei?iiaie /anoe ei?iona. Iiai?io iaoeiu ia aiaea
i?iecaiaeeony aiaeyiui ?oeai, naeiee?iaaiiui n ?oeaaui oi?aaeaieai.
Aeey naiiauoaneeaaiey iaoeiu, cano?yaoae i?e i?aiaeieaiee
o?oaeiii?ioiaeeiuo o/anoeia iooe, a oaeaea aeey auoaneeaaiey ae?oaeo
cano?yaoeo iaeiioeiiuo iauaeoia a ia?aaeiae /anoe ei?iona onoaiiaeaia
eaaaaeea n ea?aeaiiui i?eaiaeii io i?aaiai aeaeaaoaey /a?ac ei?iaeo
ia?aaea/ e ei?iaeo ioai?a iiuiinoe, niiioe?iaaiioth ia i?aaie
?acaeaoi/iie ei?iaea.
N?aaenoaaie nayce iaoeiu neoaeao oeueo?aei?ioeiaieiiaay ?aaeeinoaioeey e
oaieiaia ia?aaiai?iia ono?ienoai ia o?e aaiiaioa.
Aeey iaania/aiey oi?aaeaiea iaiai e iaiaa?ii iaoeia oeiiieaeoiaaia
aeiaaiuie e ii/iuie i?eai?aie iaaethaeaiey.
A ei?iona iaoeiu eiaaony o?e ioaeaeaiey: ioaeaeaiea neeiaie onoaiiaee,
aeanaioiia ioaeaeaiea e ioaeaeaiea oi?aaeaiey.
A ei?ia ei?iona eiathony aeaa eciee?iaaiiuo io ioaeaeaiey neeiaie
onoaiiaee ionaea aeey aaiceiiauo aaeia.
OAOIE*ANEEA AeAIIUA
Ei?ion A?iiaaie, aa?iaoece?iaaiiue
Ianna, ea 11 500
Eiee/anoai iinaaei/iuo iano, aeeth/ay aiaeeoaey:
Aac oeeaaeee ecaeaeee AAN-17 10
N oeeaaeeie ecaeaeey AAN -17 8
Oaeaeueiay iiuiinoue, e. n./o 20
Iaeneiaeueiay nei?inoue aeaeaeaiey ii oinna, ei// 80
Iaeneiaeueiay nei?inoue aeaeaeaiey ia ieaao, ei// 9-10
Caian oiaea ii oiieeao ii oinna, ei: 600
AII?OAEAIEA
Oei onoaiiaee Aaoaiiay, ioeaiaoiay
Ioeaiaou Aeaa, nia?aiiua: iaeei 14,5-ii EIAO e iaeei 7,62-ii IEO
Eieaniay oi?ioea 8O8
AO?-80
A?iiao?ainii?oa? AO?-80 (?en. 8) i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aiaaoth eieanioth
ieaaathuoth iaoeio, iaeaaeathuoth aii?oaeaieai, a?iiaaie caueoie e
aunieie iiaeaeaeiinoueth. Ii i?aaeiacia/ai aeey eniieueciaaiey a
iioino?aeeiauo iiae?acaeaeaieyo Nooiiooiuo aiene.
A?iiao?ainii?oa? iai?oaeiaai aeanyoueth iinaaei/iuie ianoaie aeey
?aciauaiey ioaeaeaiey a ninoaaa eiiaiaee?a ioaeaeaiey (iaoeiu),
iaoaieea-aiaeeoaey, iaaiae/eea e naie iioino?aeeia.
A aaoia a?iiao?ainii?oa?a ?aciauaaony ioeaiaoiay onoaiiaea, ninoiyuay ec
14,5-ii e 7,62-ii ioeaiaoia. A ei?iona eiathony eth/ee aeey no?aeueau ec
aaoiiaoia.
Ia iaoeia i?eiaiaiu ono?ienoaa, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey caueou yeeiaaea,
aeanaioa e aioo?aiiaai iai?oaeiaaiey io aicaeaenoaey oaea?iie aieiu e
i?iieeathuae ?aaeeaoeee i?e ac?uaa yaea?iuo aiai?eiania, aeey caueou io
oeie/aneiai e aeieiae/aneiai i?oaeey, a oaeaea aeey caueou io
?aaeeiaeoeaiie iuee i?e aeaeaeaiee iaoeiu ii ?aaeeiaeoeaii ca?aaeaiiie
ianoiinoe.
A?iiao?ainii?oa? – /aou?aoiniay, ainueieeieaniay iaoeia ni anaie
aaaeoueie eieanaie, niiniaiay ia?aaeaeaaoueny ca oaieaie, i?aiaeieaaaoue
n oiaeo ieiiu, o?aioae e aiaeiua i?aa?aaeu.
Iaoeia iai?oaeiaaia nenoaiie caionea aeuiiauo a?aiao aeey iinoaiiaee
aeuiiauo caaan n oeaeueth ianee?iaee. Aeey oooaiey iiaea?a a iaoeia
eiaaony i?ioeaiiiaea?iia iai?oaeiaaiea.
A?iiao?ainii?oa? i?eniiniaeai aeey aaeao?ainii?oe?iaaiey.
OAOIE*ANEEA AeAIIUA
Iieiay ianna aaoiiiaeey, ea 13 600
Eii?aeeiaou oeaio?a iann, ii
io ine ia?aaeiaai eieana 2450
io iii?iie iiaa?oiinoe 948
Ianna, i?eoiaeyuayny ia iaeio ec inae iaoeiu, ea, ia aieaa 3600
Aiaaie ?an/ao, /ae 10
Iniiaiua ?acia?u, ii
Nei?inoue aeaeaeaiey, ei//:
iaen. ii oinna, ia iaiaa 80
ia ieaao, ia iaiaa 9
Caian oiaea ii oiieeao ii oinna, ei 600
Iaenei, oaie iiaeuaia, a?aae aei 30
Aeaeaaoaeue EaiAC-7403
Iiuiinoue, e.n 260
Eieaniay oi?ioea 8O8
AO?-90
AO?-90 (?en. 9) eiaao auni/aeoea iieacaoaee ii i?ioiaeeiinoe
(iieiii?eaiaeiinoue, iacaaeneiay iiaeaanea, ieceia oaeaeueiia aeaaeaiea
ia a?oio), iiaeeueiinoe (aunieea nei?inoe ii oinna, ii ia?ana/aiiie
ianoiinoe, i?aiaeieaiea aiaeiuo i?aa?aae noiaeo), iaiaa?aiiinoe (iaeue
?aaeeon iiai?ioa e aiciiaeiinoue aeaeaeaiey ia?aaeiei e caaeiei oiaeii n
iaeeiaeiaie nei?inoueth), aeeao/anoe (aiciiaeiinoue aeaeaeaiey aeaaea
i?e iieiii iia?aaeaeaiee /aou?ao eiean, ioeanoieeea oeiu).
NIAOeEAEUeIIA IAI?OAeIAAIEA
Aii?oaeaiea, eaeea?, ii:
Iooea 2A42 30
Ioeaiao IEO 7,62
A?aiaoiiao AA-17 30
Aiaeiiieaeo auno?aeia:
iooee 500
ioeaiaoa 2000
a?aiaoiiaoa 400
OAOIE*ANEEA AeAIIUA
Eieaniay oi?ioea 8*8
Iieiay ianna, ea 20 920
Aiaaie ?an/ao, /ae 10
Aeaeaaoaeue iiiaioiieeaiue aeecaeue
aeeaeeinoiiai ioeaaeaeaiey,
n o?oaii?iaeoaii
Iiuiinoue aeaeaaoaey, eao(e.n.) 368(500)
Iaeneiaeueiay nei?inoue aeaeaeaiey, ei//:
ii oinna 100
ia ieaao 9
Caian oiaea ii oiieeao ii oinna, ei 700
Eieaniay oi?ioea 8O8
Ieaea aoaeao ?anniio?aia eiiiiiiaea, a?iiaei?ion e ?aciauaiea ee/iiai
ninoaaa ia i?eia?a AO?-70.
5. Eiiiiiiaea AO?
Iauae eiiiiiiaeie iacuaaaony acaeiiia ?aniieiaeaiea iniiaiuo /anoae
iaoeiu e iano ?aciauaiey yeeiaaea (yeeiaaea e aeanaioa).
Iniiaiuie /anoyie iaoeiu yaeythony: ei?ion, aaoiy, aii?oaeaiea, neeiaay
onoaiiaea, o?ainienney, oiaeiaay /anoue, yeaeo?iiai?oaeiaaiea, n?aaenoaa
nayce e niaoeeaeueiia iai?oaeiaaiea.
Ei?ion e aaoiy yaeythony a?iiaaie caueoie iaoeiu, aii?oaeaiea
oa?aeoa?ecoao aa ii?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea, a neeiaay onoaiiaea,
o?ainienney e oiaeiaay /anoue iaania/eaatho iiaeaeaeiinoue.
A ei?iona iaoeiu ?aciauathony: neeiaay onoaiiaea, o?ainienney, /anoue
aii?oaeaiey e aiaeiiieaeoa, n?aaenoaa nayce, /anoue i?eai?ia
yeaeo?iiai?oaeiaaiey e niaoeeaeueiiai iai?oaeiaaiey e iaeioi?ua oceu
oiaeiaie /anoe. A aaoia ?aciauathony: iniiaiia aii?oaeaiea, iaoaieciu
iaaaaeaiey, /anoue aiaeiiieaeoa e /anoue yeaeo?iiai?oaeiaaiey e
niaoeeaeueiiai iai?oaeiaaiey.
Yeeiaae ?aciauaaony a ei?iona e aaoia, a aeanaio AII e AO? – a ei?iona.
Ei?ion iaoeiu aioo?e oneiaii aeaeeony ia neaaeothuea ioaeaeaiey:
oi?aaeaiey, aiaaia, neeiaia e aeanaioiia ioaeaeaiea. A ?acee/iuo aiaauo
iaoeiao yoe ioaeaeaiey ?aniieaaathony ii-?aciiio a caaeneiinoe io
i?eiyoie iauae eiiiiiiaee.
Iniiaiuie /anoyie ethaie aiaaie iaoeiu, iaania/eaathueie eo
iiaeaeaeiinoue, yaeythony neeiaay onoaiiaea, o?ainienney e oiaeiaay
/anoue.
Neeiaay onoaiiaea ninoieo ec aeaeaaoaey e ianeoaeeaathueo aeaeaaoaeue
nenoai: ieoaiey oiieeaii, ieoaiey aicaeooii, niacee, ioeaaeaeaiey e
iaeaa/aiey ionea aeaeaaoaey.
O?ainienneae iacuaaaony niaieoiiinoue aa?aaaoia e iaoaieciia,
ia?aaeathueo yia?aeth io eieai/aoiai aaea aeaeaaoaey e aaaeouei eieanai.
O?ainienney a iauai aeaea ninoieo ec neaaeothueo oceia: aeaaiiai
o?eeoeeiia, ei?iaee ia?aaea/, iaoaiecia iiai?ioa (aeey aonaie/iuo iaoei)
e ai?oiauo ?aaeoeoi?ia (eieaniuo ?aaeoeoi?ia).
Aeaaiue o?eeoeeii ?aciauaaony iaaeaeo aeaeaaoaeai e ei?iaeie ia?aaea/ e
i?aaeiacia/ai aeey ioeeth/aiey aeaeaaoaey io ei?iaee ia?aaea/ i?e
ia?aeeth/aiee ia?aaea/, aeey inoaiiaee iaoeiu e ieaaiiai o?iaaiey n
ianoa, aeey i?aaeio?aiaiey aa?aaaoia o?ainiennee e aeaeaaoaey io
ia?aa?ocie i?e ?aceii eciaiaiee iaa?ocie ia aaaeoueo eieanao.
Ei?iaea ia?aaea/ i?aaeiacia/aia aeey eciaiaiey ia?aaeaoi/iuo /enae
iaaeaeo aeaeaaoaeai e aaaeoueie eieanaie n oeaeueth eciaiaiey oyaiauo
oneeee e nei?inoae aeaeaeaiey iaoeiu a aieueoeo i?aaeaeao, /ai yoi
iiaeao auoue iaania/aii ca n/ao eciaiaiey ?aaeeiia ?aaiou aeaeaaoaey.
Iaoaieci iiai?ioa aonaie/iuo iaoei i?aaeiacia/ai aeey inouanoaeaiey
iiai?ioa ca n/ao eciaiaiey nei?inoae aeaeaeaiey aonaieoe. I?e yoii
aonaieoea, eiathuay aieueooth nei?inoue, iacuaaaony caaaaathuae, a
eiathuay iaiueooth nei?inoue – ionoathuae.
Iiai?io eieaniuo iaoei inouanoaeyaony ca n/ao eciaiaiey iieiaeaiey
ia?aaeieo eiean ii n?aaiaieth n i?yiieeiaeiui aeaeaeaieai.
Ai?oiaua ?aaeoeoi?u (eieaniua ?aaeoeoi?u) i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey
iinoiyiiiai oaaee/aiey e?ooyuaai iiiaioa, iiaeaiaeeiiai e aaaeouei
eieanai, n oeaeueth oiaiueoaiey aaaa?eoia ei?iaee ia?aaea/ e iaoaiecia
iiai?ioa.
Oiaeiaie /anoueth iacuaaaony a?oiia aeaoaeae e oceia, iaania/eaathueo
iii?o iaoeiu ia a?oio e ca n/ao eo acaeiiaeaenoaey n aiaoiae n?aaeie –
aa aeaeaeaiea.
Oiaeiaay /anoue ninoieo ec iiaeaanee e aeaeaeeoaey.
Iiaeaaneie iacuaaaony niaieoiiinoue oceia e aeaoaeae, niaaeeiythueo
ei?ion iaoeiu n iii?iuie eaoeaie. Nia?aiaiiua iiaeaanee iaoei aeeth/atho
a naay oi?oaee yeaiaio. Iiaeaanea i?aaeiacia/aia aeey niya/aiey oie/eia
e oaea?ia, ia?aaeaaaaiuo ia ei?ion, i?e aeaeaeaiee ii ia?iaiie aei?iaa
eee ianoiinoe.
Aeaeaeeoaeue i?aaeiacia/ai aeey nicaeaiey oyaiauo oneeee e iaania/aiey
aeaeaeaiey iaoeiu.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia aiaauo iaoeiao i?eiaiythony: aonaie/iue
aeaeaeeoaeue, eieaniue aeaeaeeoaeue, a ia ieaaathueo iaoeiao –
aiaeioiaeiue aeaeaeeoaeue.
A ea/anoaa aiaeioiaeiiai aeaeaeeoaey eniieuecothony eee aonaieoeu iaoeiu
(AII), eee aeae?i?aaeoeaiue aeaeaeeoaeue-aiaeiiao (AO?).
6. A?iiaei?ion e ?aciauaiea ?an/aoa
Ei?ion (?en. 10) oeia eiaeee, cae?uoue, aiaeiiai?iieoeaaiue,
aa?iaoece?iaaiiue. Ninoieo ec iiniaie /anoe, ai?oia, ei?iiaie /anoe,
e?uoe e aeieua. Ia aa?oiai eiaiaii eenoa ?aniieiaeaiu aeaa niio?iauo
ethea, cae?uaaaiua noaeeaie 2, a a aiaaii iieiaeaiee – a?iiaauie
e?uoeaie 3. Noaeea 2 n ?aceiiauie oieioieoaeyie ii ia?eiao?o
cae?aieythony n iiiiuueth i?oaeeiiie ?aiee aaeeaie e ieeoaie,
i?eaa?aiiuie e ianouae ?aiea.
A?iiaaua e?uoee 3 cae?uaathony e ioe?uaathony n iiiiuueth niaoeeaeueiuo
?oeiyoie.
A nouea aa?oiaai eiaiaiai eenoa n e?uoae ei?iona aaa?aiu aiacaea iiae
i?eai?u iaaethaeaiey aiaeeoaey e eiiaiaee?a iaoeiu.
Ia n?aaeiai eenoa iiniaie /anoe ei?iona ?aciauaiu: ethe aeey aeinooia e
eaaaaeea, cae?uaaaiue e?uoeie, ethe aeey aeinooia e aeaaiui oeeeeiae?ai
?aai/ae oi?iiciie nenoaiu, cae?uaaaiue e?uoeie, e ethe aeey aeinooia e
aeaaiui oeeeeiae?ai i?eaiaea noeaieaiee, cae?uaaaiue e?uoeie. Ana yoe
ethee oieioiythony ?aceiiauie i?ieeaaeeaie.
Ni?aaa e neaaa ia nouea aieiauo eenoia iiniaie /anoe ei?iona aaa?aiu
iii?u aieiiio?aaeaoaeueiiai ueoea 19.
Ia ieaeiai eenoa a iiniaie /anoe ?aniieiaeaiu aeaa aoene?iuo e?thea e
ethe aeey auaea/e o?ina eaaaaeee, cae?uaaaiue e?uoeie e ?aceiiaie
i?ieeaaeeie.
A e?uoea ei?iona iaae ioaeaeaieai oi?aaeaiey ?aniieiaeaiu iinaaei/iua
ethee eiiaiaee?a e aiaeeoaey, e aeaa ethea aeey aeanaioa (iaae
aeanaioiui ioaeaeaieai). E?uoee oieioiythony ?aceiiauie i?ieeaaeeaie e
caie?athony yenoeaio?eeiauie caieaie iaeeiaeiaie eiino?oeoeee.
E?uoea ei?iona iaae ioaeaeaieai neeiaie onoaiiaee auiieiaia nuaiiie aeey
iaania/aiey iiioaaea e aeaiiioaaea neeiaiai aa?aaaoa, aiaeiiaoa e
/aoaa?oiai iinoa. Iia ninoieo ec aeaoo eenoia – ia?aaeiaai e caaeiaai, a
oaeaea aaeee.
Eenou e?aiyony e ei?iono e aaeea aieoaie /a?ac ?aceiiaua i?ieeaaeee.
Aaeea e?aieony e ai?oiaui eenoai aieoaie.
A ia?aaeiai eenoa e?uoe eiathony o?e ethea aeey aeinooia e aa?aaaoai e
oceai neeiaie onoaiiaee i?e ianeoaeeaaiee iaoeiu. Ethee cae?uaathony
e?uoeaie, eiathueie aeioiaua caiee.
A eaaeaeie e?uoea auiieiaii ii aeaa ioaa?noey n e?uoeaie a?eaiaeaeiie
oi?iu.
A caaeiai eenoa e?uoe eiathony aeaa ethea, a eioi?uo ?aniieiaeaiu
aaioeeyoi?u nenoaiu ioeaaeaeaiey. Ethee cae?uaathony ioeeaeiuie
e?uoeaie, a eioi?uo iiiauaiu ieanoei/aoua aeaethce aeey aicaeooiioaiaea.
A cae?uoii iieiaeaiee e?uoee caie?athony aeioiauie caieaie, a a
ioeeiooii oeene?othony ia niaoeeaeueiuo oii?ao.
A ia?aaeiai eenoa ?aniieiaeaiu aeaa eth/ea n e?uoeaie e e caeeaiui
ai?eiaeiai ?anoe?eoaeueiuo aa/eia nenoaiu ioeaaeaeaiey, a a eenoa – aeaa
aiaeiae/iuo eth/ea n e?uoeaie e aeeoiui ai?eiaeiai aaiceiiauo aaeia.
A ei?ia ei?iona eiathony aeaa eciee?iaaiiuo io ioaeaeaiey neeiaie
onoaiiaee ionaea aeey aaiceiiauo aaeia. Aeinooi a ionaee inouanoaeyaony
/a?ac ioeeaeiua e?uoee.
A oeaio?a ei?iiaie /anoe ei?iona naa?oo i?eaa?aia neiaa aeey aoene?iaee
iaoeiu ia aiaea.
Ai?oa ei?iona ninoiyo ec aeaoo aa?oieo iaeeiiiuo eenoia, aa?oeeaeueiuo
eenoia, iniiaaiey e aa?oeeaeueiuo eenoia, ia?acothueo ieoe aeey
iiaeaanee eiean.
A aa?oieo iaeeiiiuo ai?oiauo eenoao ?aniieiaeaiu eth/ee aeey no?aeueau
ec ee/iiai i?oaeey (o?e n eaaie noi?iiu e /aou?a n i?aaie).
Iaaeaeo ieoaie aeey iiaeaanee aoi?uo e o?aoueeo eiean i?aaiai e eaaiai
ai?oia ?aniieiaeaiu ethee aeey ne?uoiiai aeanaioe?iaaiey ee/iiai
ninoaaa.
I?e ioe?uouo etheao ia ueoea i?eai?ia caai?aaony eiio?ieueiay eaiia
aieiaua ethee, a i?e cae?uouo ia oou?aaua caiee etheao eaiia aaniao.
Iiiaio aueeth/aiey eaiiu ?aaoee?oaony a?auaieai ?aaoee?iai/iuo aieoia
eiioeaauo aueeth/aoaeae, ?aniieiaeaiiuo ia eenoao ei?iona o oou?aauo
caieia e?uoae etheia.
Aioo?e iiniaie /anoe ei?iona ia ?acee/iuo aai yeaiaioao ?aciauaiu
e?iiooaeiu, aiiee e neiau aeey e?aieaiey i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey iaoeiie,
eiio?ieueii-ecia?eoaeueiuo i?eai?ia, i?eai?ia iaaethaeaiey,
?aaeeinoaioeee, eaaaaeee, i?eai?a AeI-CA, neaeaiee eiiaiaee?a e
aiaeeoaey.
A aeanaioiii ioaeaeaiee, ?aniieiaeaiiii iaaeaeo ioaeaeaieyie oi?aaeaiey
e neeiaie onoaiiaee, ?aciauaiu e?iiooaeiu, aiiee e neiau aeey e?aieaiey
aeaoo iaeiiianoiuo e aeaoo iiiaiianoiuo neaeaiee aeanaioa, ei?iaie
aiaeiiieaeoa, CEI e ae?.
Iaae oceaie, aa?aaaoaie e eo i?eaiaeaie, ?aciauaiiuie ia aeieua ei?iona
a ioaeaeaiee oi?aaeaiey e aeanaioiii ioaeaeaiee, onoaiiaeai iie. Iii?aie
eenoia iiea neoaeao oaieueieee, e?iiooaeiu e iiia?a/eiu, i?eaa?aiiua e
aeieuo, eenoai ieo e, iniiaaieth ei?iona. Eenou iiea eaaeinuaiiua,
e?aiyony aieoaie /a?ac niaoeeaeueiua cauaeee.
Ioaeaeaiea neeiaie onoaiiaee eciee?iaaii io aeanaioiiai ioaeaeaiey e
ioaeaeaiey oi?aaeaiey aa?iaoe/iie ia?aai?iaeeie. A ia?aai?iaeea eiathony
aeaa ethea aeey aeinooia e oceai neeiaie onoaiiaee ni noi?iiu
aeanaioiiai ioaeaeaiey. Ethee cae?uaathony eaaeinuaiiuie e?uoeaie n
?aceiiauie i?ieeaaeeaie.
Ia i?aaii i?eaa?iii eenoa ?aniieiaeai ethe aeey aeinooia e
aeeoioeyoi?iie aaoa?aa ni nuaiiie e?uoeie e oieioieoaeai, a oaeaea
ioaa?noea aeey io/ea i?iaiaeia.
Ia eaaii eenoa, i?eaa?aiiii e ia?aai?iaeea, iaoiaeyony aeaa iao?oaea e
aicaeooiaiaeia io OAO e ioaa?noea aeey io/ea i?iaiaeia.
Ana eenou oeaio?aeueiie /anoe ia?aai?iaeee nuaiiua, onoaiiaeaiu ia
?aceiiauo oieioieoaeyo e e?aiyony aieoaie.
Aaoiy a?iiao?ainii?oa?a – eiioniia?aciie oi?iu, naa?aia ec noaeueiuo
a?iiaauo eenoia. Iia onoaiiaeaia ia oa?eeiaie iii?a iaae au?acii a
iiaeaaoaiiii eenoa e?uoe ei?iona iaoeiu. A ia?aaeiae /anoe aaoie eiaaony
aia?aco?a aeey onoaiiaee nia?aiiuo ioeaiaoia.
?aciauaiea ?an/aoa
A ei?iona iaoeiu ?aciauaiu neaeaiuey eiiaiaee?a, aiaeeoaey, aaoaiiiai
no?aeea e aeanaioa (?en. 11).
Neaeaiuey eiiaiaee?a e aiaeeoaey ii ono?ienoao iaeeiaeiau, ca
eneeth/aieai ?aniieiaeaiey ?oeiyoee iaoaiecia iiaeuai, eioi?ay o
neaeaiuey eiiaiaee?a onoaiiaeaia n eaaie noi?iiu, e o neaeaiuey
aiaeeoaey-n i?aaie. Eaaeaeia neaeaiuea e?aieony aeaoiy aieoaie,
aoiaeyueie a i?i?ace iii?u neaeaiuey. Yoe i?i?ace iicaieytho
inouanoaeyoue i?iaeieueioth ?aaoee?iaeo iieiaeaiey neaeaiee a
ai?eciioaeueiie ieineinoe.
Nieiea neaeaiee ioeeaeiay n ?aaoee?oaiui oaeii iaeeiia.
Aeey ?aciauaiey aeanaioa a ei?iona iaoeiu onoaiiaeaiu aeaa iaeiiianoiuo
e aeaa iiiaiianoiuo neaeaiuey.
Iaeiiianoiua neaeaiuey ?aniieiaeaiu ca neaeaiueyie aiaeeoaey e
eiiaiaee?a.
Iniiaaiea e nieiea neaeaiuey ninoiyo ec o?oa/aouo ea?eania n
i?eeeaiaiiuie e iei ieanoianniauie iaiaeyie.
Iniiaaiea neaeaiuey oa?ie?ii cae?aieaii iaeueoeaie ia e?iiooaeiao,
i?eaa?aiiuo e ai?oai ei?iona, a nieiea neaeaiuey oa?ie?ii naycaia n
iniiaaieai. Oaeei ia?acii, neaeaiuea iiaeao auoue neiaeaii a iaeao e
i?eneiiaii e niioaaonoaothuaio ai?oo ei?iona.
Iiiaiianoiua neaeaiuey aeanaioa i?aaenoaaeytho niaie aeaa o?aoianoiuo
neaeaiuey, ?aniieiaeaiiua nieieaie ae?oa e ae?oao aaeieue ine iaoeiu.
Oaeia ?aniieiaeaiea iiiaiianoiuo neaeaiee aeaao aiciiaeiinoue aeanaioo
aanoe iaaethaeaiea e iaiiue ec ee/iiai i?oaeey /a?ac eth/ee a ai?oiauo
eenoao ei?iona iaoeiu.
Iiiaiianoiua neaeaiuey aeanaioa ninoiyo ec oanoe ieanoianniauo iaiaeae,
niaaeeiaiiuo iaaeaeo niaie iaoeyie. Iie i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiaoo auoue
i?aa?auaiu a oanoue niaeueiuo iano.
Caeeth/aiea
E a caeeth/aiee iaaei neacaoue i oii, /oi a?iiao?ainii?oa?u, naiai
?acaeoee, i?ioee ia?iiiue iooue io a?ociaeeia eee eaaeiauo iaoei n
i?eaa?aiiuie a?iiaeenoaie e aca?iiiaeaeaiiuie ia ieo ?o/iuie ioeaiaoaie
aei nia?aiaiiie oaoieee eaaeaeay aeaoaeue, eioi?ie i?iaeoe?oaony e
nicaeaaony n auni/aeoeie o?aaiaaieyie niaoeeaeueii aeey ieo. A naie AO?u
yaeythony a?iciui i?oaeeai, eioi?ia iiaeao i?ioeainoiyoue ia oieueei
iaoioa e aiaeiae/iui ia?acoeai a?iiaoaoieee, ii e aieaa oyaeaeui, oi?ioi
a?iie?iaaiiui oaieai nia?aiaiiui oaieai.
Iaeuecy, oaeaea, e ia?aioeaieoue ?ieue, eioi?oth yoe a?iie?iaaiiua
iaoeiu nua?aee. Ecaanoiu neo/ae ec Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu, eiaaea a
1944 aiaeo aaaiaa?ae ninoiyuee ec o?ao a?iiao?ainii?oa?ia n iaoioie ca
iaeio ii/ue, iiae i?ee?uoeai oaiiiou, i?iaeaeioeenue a aeoaue iaiaoeeie
iai?iiu ia 80 ei, ii iooe oie/oiaeea iaiaei a?aaeaneie iaoiou, eaaeie
oaoieee e iaoei. Caoai oe?aieeenue, e aeiaeaeaeenue iiaeoiaea iniiaiuo
aiene.
A oneiaeyo nia?aiaiiie aieiu o?aaiaaiey e aii?oaeaieth, caueoa e
iaiaa?aiiinoe a?iiao?ainii?oa?ia e ae?oaie a?iiaoaoieee iinoiyiii
?anooo. Ii ioa/anoaaiiua eiino?oeoi?u, ianiio?y ia oyaeaeia iieiaeaiea,
nicaeatho ia?acoeu oaoieee, eioi?ua iieiinoueth oaeaaeaoaa?ytho yoei
oneiaeyi. E i?eia?ii oiio iiaoo neoaeeoue, nicaeaiiua iaaeaaii, AO?-80A
e AO?-90. Ca ?oaaaeii oaoieee yoiai eeanna n aiaeiae/iuie iieacaoaeyie
aei neo ii? ia nicaeaii.
Eeoa?aoo?a
“Iiaeaioiaea ioeoea?ia caiana nooiiooiuo aiene” iiae. ?aae. TH. A.
Iaoiaiei
Ae?oaea enoi/ieee.
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