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Roman Shukhevych (Роман Шухевич) (реферат)

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Реферат з іноземної мови

Roman Shukhevych (Роман Шухевич)

Roman Shukhevych

Place of birth HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krakovets&action=edit&redlink
=1” \o “Krakovets (page does not exist)” Krakovets , HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavoriv” \o “Yavoriv” Yavoriv ,
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicia_%28Central_Europe%29” \o
“Galicia (Central Europe)” Galicia , HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria-Hungary” \o “Austria-Hungary”
Austria-Hungary

Place of death HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lviv” \o “Lviv”
Lviv , HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine” \o “Ukraine”
Ukraine

Allegiance HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army” \o “Ukrainian
Insurgent Army” Ukrainian Insurgent Army

Роман Шухевич; also known by his HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym” \o “Pseudonym” pseudonym
Taras Chuprynka) ( HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_30” \o
“June 30” June 30 , HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1907” \o
“1907” 1907 — HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_5” \o
“March 5” March 5 , HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950” \o
“1950” 1950 ) was a HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine”
\o “Ukraine” Ukrainian politician and military leader, the leader of
the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army”
\o “Ukrainian Insurgent Army” Ukrainian Insurgent Army . In 2007, he
was posthumously awarded the title ” HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_Ukraine” \o “Hero of Ukraine”
Hero of Ukraine “, the country’s highest honor.

Contents

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “Biography” 1 Biography

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “Childhood” 1.1
Childhood

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “Youth” 1.2 Youth

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “Scouting” 1.3 Scouting

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “Military_training” 1.4
Military training

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l
“Activity_in_the_Ukrainian_Military_Organization” 1.5 Activity in the
Ukrainian Military Organization

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “Arrest_and_Confinement”
1.6 Arrest and Confinement

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “Carpathian_Ukraine” 1.7
Carpathian Ukraine

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l
“Activities_during_the_Second_World_War” 2 Activities during the Second
World War

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l
“Controversy_regarding_the_Nachtigall_Battalion” 2.1 Controversy
regarding the Nachtigall Battalion

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l
“The_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army” 3 The Ukrainian Insurgent Army

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “Family” 4 Family

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “Legacy” 5 Legacy

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “References” 6
References

HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “External_links” 7
External links

Biography

Childhood

Roman Shukhevych was born in the city of HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lviv” \o “Lviv” Lviv . HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-0” \o “” [1] He was
christened with the middle name Taras. Both parents were involved with
the Ukrainian national revival in the 19th century. The family lays
claim to dozens of active community activists in Politics, music,
science and art. Shukhevych received his early education outside of
Lviv. He returned to Lviv to study at the gymnasium there living with
his grandfather, an ethnographer. His political formation was influenced
by HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevhen_Konovaletz” \o
“Yevhen Konovaletz” Yevhen Konovaletz – the commander of the Ukrainian
Military organization who rented out a room in his fathers house from
1921-22. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-1” \o
“” [2]

Youth

HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:320px-Szuchewycz_naPolskiejSzkole_we
Lwowie.jpg” \o “Enlarge”

Monument on the School where Shukhevych attended in Lviv stating that
the street has been named in his honour

In October 1926 Shukhevych entered the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lviv_Politechnic_Institute” \o “Lviv
Politechnic Institute” Lviv Politechnic Institute to study civil
engineering. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-2”
\o “” [3] In July 1934 he completed his studies with an engineering
degree. At this time he was known for his athletic abilities for which
he won numerous awards. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l
“cite_note-3” \o “” [4] He was also an accomplished musician and with
his brother Yuri completed studies in piano and voice a the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lysenko_Music_Institute&actio
n=edit&redlink=1” \o “Lysenko Music Institute (page does not exist)”
Lysenko Music Institute . He sang solo on occasions with his brother in
the Lviv opera.

Scouting

During his student years in the Gymnasium Roman became an active member
of the Ukrainian HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scouting” \o
“Scouting” Scouting organization HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plast” \o “Plast” Plast . He organized
Plast groups and founded the “Chornomortsi” (Black Sea Cossacks) kurin
in 1927. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-4” \o
“” [5]

Military training

From 1928-1929 Roman did his military service in the Polish Army. As a
tertiary student he was sent automatically for officer training, however
he was deemed unreliable, and complete his military service as a private
in the artillery in HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volhynia”
\o “Volhynia” Volhynia .

Activity in the Ukrainian Military Organization

HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanis%C5%82aw_Sobi%C5%84ski&
action=edit&redlink=1” \o “Stanis?aw Sobi?ski (page does not exist)”
Stanis?aw Sobi?ski who had enforced a strict anti-Ukrainian stance in
the education system. The assassination was carried out by HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bohdan_Pidhainy&action=edit&r
edlink=1” \o “Bohdan Pidhainy (page does not exist)” Bohdan Pidhainy
on October 19, 1926 .

In February 1929, the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists” \o
“Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists” Organization of Ukrainian
Nationalists was founded in HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna” \o “Vienna” Vienna . Shukhevych
under the name “Dzvin” (Bell) became a representative of the Ukrainian
Executive.

In 1930 he became one of the leaders of the social revolts that rocked
all of western Ukraine. The Polish administration retaliated with a
process of ” HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacification” \o
“Pacification” pacification ” which had the opposite effect and
intensified anti-polish sentiment and increase in interest in Ukrainian
nationalism.

Shukhevych continued to take part in numerous acts of protest against
the anti-Ukrainian policies of the Polish administration. These
included:

The co-ordination of a series of expropriations from Polish government
offices in order to fund continued insurrection in the struggle for
Ukrainian national determination.

The assassination on March 22 1932 of the Police commissioner Czechowski
for the torture of Ukrainian political prisoners during their
interrogations.

The assassination of the Soviet consul in Lviv as a protest for the
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomor” \o “Holodomor”
Holodomor in Central Ukraine which was done by HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola_Lemyk” \o “Mykola Lemyk” Mykola
Lemyk who assassinated the Special emissary of the NKVD HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexiy_Mayov&action=edit&redl
ink=1” \o “Alexiy Mayov (page does not exist)” Alexiy Mayov .

The assassination of the minister of internal affairs HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Pieracki” \o “Bronis?aw
Pieracki” Bronis?aw Pieracki who was responsible for brutal
pacifications and the destruction of numerous Ukrainian cultural
establishments and on whose orders brutal torture was carried out
publicly on the Ukrainian population. The assassination was carried out
July 15, 1934 in Warsaw by HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hryts_Matseiko&action=edit&re
dlink=1” \o “Hryts Matseiko (page does not exist)” Hryts Matseiko .
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-5” \o “” [6]

Shukhevych together with HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Bandera” \o “Stepan Bandera”
Stepan Bandera , HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stepan_Lenkavsky&action=edit&
redlink=1” \o “Stepan Lenkavsky (page does not exist)” Stepan Lenkavsky
, HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaroslav_Tetsko&action=edit&r
edlink=1” \o “Yaroslav Tetsko (page does not exist)” Yaroslav Tetsko ,
HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yaroslav_Starukh&action=edit&
redlink=1” \o “Yaroslav Starukh (page does not exist)” Yaroslav Starukh
and others developed the concept of “permanent revolution”. According
to their thesis the Ukrainian people being exploited by an occupier
could only obtain freedom through continued pressure on the enemy. As a
result the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OUN” \o “OUN” OUN
took on the responsibility of preparing for an All-Ukrainian revolt.
Shukhevych propagated the ideas that the revolution was an
uncompromising conflict. The goal of this action was to educate the
people to overcome the foe.

Shukhevych took an active part in developing a concept regarding the
formation of a Ukrainian army. At that time two diametrically opposed
arguments existed. The first was to form a Ukrainian army in the
Ukrainian emigration, the second, a national army to be formed in
Western Ukraine organized by Ukrainians. HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-6” \o “” [7]

Arrest and Confinement

In July 1934 mass arrests took place regarding the death of HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Pieracki” \o “Bronis?aw
Pieracki” Bronis?aw Pieracki . On July 18 Shukhevych was arrested and
July 6-7 he was sent to the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bereza_Kartuska_Detention_Camp” \o “Bereza
Kartuska Detention Camp” Bereza Kartuska Detention Camp . HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-7” \o “” [8] Here he was
sadistically tortured. In camp he organized a Ukrainian self-defense
group. In December 1935 he was acquitted and released from the camp for
lack of evidence.

During the Warsaw process against the OUN ( HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_18” \o “November 18” November 18
, HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935” \o “1935” 1935 –
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_13” \o “January 13”
January 13 , HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936” \o “1936”
1936 ) he was called as a witness. Shukhevych stood by his right to
speak in Ukrainian for which he was fined 200 zloty. After greeting the
court with the call “Glory to Ukraine” was once again interred.
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-8” \o “” [9]

From January 19, 1935 Shukhevych was confined to the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryhidka_jail&action=edit&red
link=1” \o “Bryhidka jail (page does not exist)” Bryhidka jail in
Lviv. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-9” \o “”
[10] He was incriminated for his membership in the Regional executive
of the OUN. The lawyer in the process was his uncle: HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Shukhevych” \o “Stepan Shukhevych”
Stepan Shukhevych . Shukhevych was sentenced to 3 years in jail,
however, because of the 1935 amnesty he was released from jail after
spending half a year in a concentration camp and two years in prison.
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-10” \o “” [11]

After being released in 1937, Shukhevych set up an advertising
cooperative in March called “Fama” which became a front for the
activities of the OUN. Soon outlets were set up throughout Galicia,
Volyn and within Poland itself. The workers of the company were members
of the OUN, often recently released political prisoners. The company was
very successful and had sections working with the press and film,
publishing booklets, printing posters, selling mineral water, compiling
address listings and also opened its own transportation section.
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-11” \o “” [12]

Carpathian Ukraine

In 1938 HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpatho-Ukraine” \o
“Carpatho-Ukraine” Carpatho-Ukraine proclaimed its independence.
Shukhevych organized financial aid for the government of the fledgling
republic and sent OUN members to set up the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carpathian_Sich&action=edit&r
edlink=1” \o “Carpathian Sich (page does not exist)” Carpathian Sich .
In December 1938 he illegally crossed the border from Poland into
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia” \o
“Czechoslovakia” Czechoslovakia , traveling to the Ukrainian city of
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khust” \o “Khust” Khust .
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-12” \o “” [13]
There, with the aid of local OUN members, he set up the General
headquarters for the defense of Carpathian Ukraine. He took an active
part in the armed conflict with Hungarian forces and was almost killed
in one of the actions.

After the occupation of HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpathian_Ukraine” \o “Carpathian
Ukraine” Carpathian Ukraine in March 1939 by Hungary, Shukhevych
traveled through Romania and Yugoslavia to Austria, where he consulted
with OUN commanders and was given new orders and sent to HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danzig” \o “Danzig” Danzig to carry out
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subversive” \o “Subversive”
subversive activities. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l
“cite_note-13” \o “” [14]

Activities during the Second World War

In the Fall of 1939 Shukhevych moved to HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w” \o “Krakow” Krakow with his
family where he acted as the contact for the Ukrainian Nationalist
Command directed by HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriy_Melnyk” \o “Andriy Melnyk” Andriy
Melnyk . He organized the illegal transportation of documents and
materials across the Soviet-German border and collected information
about OUN activities in Ukraine.

The new political realities required new forms of activity. The Command
of the Ukrainian Nationalists could not come to a unified agreement
regarding tactics. As a result on February 10, 1940 the organization in
Krakow split into two factions – one lead by HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Bandera” \o “Stepan Bandera”
Stepan Bandera and the other by HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriy_Melnyk” \o “Andriy Melnyk” Andriy
Melnyk . Shukhevych became a member the Revolutionary Command of the OUN
headed by Bandera, taking charge of the section dealing with Ukrainian
territories which after the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molotov-Ribbentrop_pact” \o
“Molotov-Ribbentrop pact” Molotov-Ribbentrop pact had been seized by
Germany. (Pidliashshia, HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che%C5%82m” \o “Che?m” Kholm , Nadsiania
and HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemkivshchyna” \o
“Lemkivshchyna” Lemkivshchyna ).

A powerful web was formed for the preparation of underground activities
in Ukraine. Paramilitary training courses were set up. Military cadres
were prepared which were to command a future Ukrainian army. Shukhevych
prepared the II Great congress of the OUN which took place in April
1941. HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-14” \o “”
[15]

In the spring of 1941 the Command of the OUN negotiated with the Germans
to train Ukrainians to fight against Bolshevik occupation in Ukraine.
Shukhevych agreed to command the DUN (Team of Ukrainian Nationalists)
with the understanding that the Legion would become the basis for a
future Ukrainian army. In April 1941 he collected 330 volunteers which
were organized into 3 companies. One of the companies became known as
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachtigall_Battalion” \o
“Nachtigall Battalion” Nachtigall Battalion , a second became the
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Battalion” \o “Roland
Battalion” Roland Battalion , a third was involved in policing duties.

After intensive training the Ukrainian legion traveled to HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riashiv” \o “Riashiv” Riashiv on
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_18” \o “June 18” June 18 ,
and entered Lviv on June 30, where the Act for the re-establishment of
Ukrainian Statehood was proclaimed. The German administration however
did not support this act. Stepan Bandera and HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav_Stetsko” \o “Yaroslav Stetsko”
Yaroslav Stetsko after refusing to retract their proclamation were
arrested. the division had stayed in Lviv for only 7 days before
continuing its march to the East, however upon hearing of the arrests
the Legion which was at that time in HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnytsia” \o “Vinnytsia” Vinnytsia
refused to fight for the Germans. HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-15” \o “” [16] As a
result, Shukhevych was interned and the Legion was transported to
Germany.

In Germany, the Ukrainian combatants were reorganized into the 201
Defense Battalion and given individual contracts that required the
combatants to serve for one additional year. On HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_16” \o “February 16” February 16
, HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942” \o “1942” 1942 the
Battalion was sent to HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus”
\o “Belarus” Belarus where it served in the region around the town of
HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Borovka&action=edit&redlink=1
” \o “Borovka (page does not exist)” Borovka for the defense of
Military objects against Soviet Partisan attack. With the expiration of
the one year contract all the Ukrainian soldiers refused to renew their
services. On January 6, 1943 they were sent to Lviv where they arrived
January 8. Roman Shukhevych escaped from arrest by the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestapo” \o “Gestapo” Gestapo .
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-16” \o “” [17]

HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversy_regarding_the_Nachtigall_Batta
lion” \o “Controversy regarding the Nachtigall Battalion” Controversy
regarding the Nachtigall Battalion

See: HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversy_regarding_the_Nachtigall_Batta
lion” \o “Controversy regarding the Nachtigall Battalion” Controversy
regarding the Nachtigall Battalion

In June-July 1941 it is estimated that over 4,000 Jews were murdered in
pogroms in Lviv and other cities in Western Ukraine.

There is some controversy regarding the participation of the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachtigall_Battalion” \o “Nachtigall
Battalion” Nachtigall Battalion and Roman Shukhevych in these
atrocities.

For a more detailed evaluation of these allegations see HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversy_regarding_the_Nachtigall_Batta
lion” \o “Controversy regarding the Nachtigall Battalion” Controversy
regarding the Nachtigall Battalion .

The Ukrainian Insurgent Army

After escaping from German custody Shukhevych once again headed the
Military section of the OUN. In May he became a member of the leadership
of the OUN and in time the head. In August 1943 at the III Special
Congress of the OUN he was elected head of the Direction of the OUN and
Supreme Commander of the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army” \o “Ukrainian
Insurgent Army” Ukrainian Insurgent Army known as UPA.

Under Shukhevych’s leadership the evolution of the program for which the
OUN fought was further refined. These were:

against all forms of totalitarian systems

for the construction of a democratic state system in Ukraine

the right for self determination against empire and imperialism.
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-17” \o “” [18]

The Insurgent Army was joined by various people from the Caucauses and
Central Asia who had fought in German formations. The rise of
non-Ukrainians in the Ukrainian Insurgent Army gave stimulus to the
special conference for Captive Nations of Europe and Asia which took
place HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_21” \o
“November 21” November 21 – HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_22” \o “November 22” 22
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943” \o “1943” 1943 in
Buderazh, not far from HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivne”
\o “Rivne” Rivne . The agenda included the formation of a unified plan
for the attack against occupational forces. HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-18” \o “” [19]

During the period of German occupation Shukhevych spent most of his time
fighting in the forests, and from August 1944 under the Soviet
occupation living in various villages in Western Ukraine. In order to
unite all Ukrainian national forces to fight for Ukrainian independence
Shukhevych organized a meeting between all the Ukrainian political
parties. As a result the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Supreme_Liberation_Council” \o
“Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council” Ukrainian Supreme Liberation
Council (UHVR) was formed.

Shukhеvych died in combat with special units of the HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVD” \o “MVD” MVD near Lviv on
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_5” \o “March 5” March 5 ,
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950” \o “1950” 1950 . He was
succeeded as leader of UPA by HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasyl_Kuk” \o “Vasyl Kuk” Vasyl Kuk .

Family

Soviet authorities applied the rationale of HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_guilt” \o “Collective guilt”
collective guilt and persecuted all the members of the Shukhevych
family. Roman’s brother Yuri was murdered at HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lviv” \o “Lviv” Lviv ‘s HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryhidka_Prison&action=edit&r
edlink=1” \o “Bryhidka Prison (page does not exist)” Bryhidka Prison
just before the German occupation of Lviv. His mother Yevhenia and his
wife, Nataliya Berezynska, were exiled to HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia” \o “Siberia” Siberia . His son
HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yuri_Shukhevych&action=edit&r
edlink=1” \o “Yuri Shukhevych (page does not exist)” Yuri Shukhevych
and daughter Mariyka were placed in an HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphanage” \o “Orphanage” orphanage .

According to HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKVD” \o “NKVD”
NKVD officers’ memoirs, Roman Shukhevych’s body was transported out of
Ukraine, burned, and the ashes scattered. This was done on the left bank
of the HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbruch_River” \o
“Zbruch River” Zbruch River . The unburned remains were thrown into the
Zbruch. A commemorative stone cross was erected there in 2003.

Legacy

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HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Shukhevych_stamp_2007.jpg” \o
“Enlarge”

Ukrainian postage stamp honoring Roman Shukhevych on 100th anniversary
(2007) of his birth.

He was portrayed by HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian-Canadian” \o
“Ukrainian-Canadian” Ukrainian-Canadian actor HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grigori_Hlady&action=edit&red
link=1” \o “Grigori Hlady (page does not exist)” Grigori Hlady in the
Ukrainian film Neskorenyj (The Undefeated) HYPERLINK
“http://www.ukemonde.com/shuchevych/photo.html” \o
“http://www.ukemonde.com/shuchevych/photo.html” Here .

On HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_23” \o “October 23”
October 23 , HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001” \o “2001”
2001 the Lviv Historic Museum converted the house in which Shukhevych
was killed into a memorial museum. HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-19” \o “” [20]

Postage stamps and coins have been minted in his honour of the 100th
anniversary of his birth.

Posthumously, he was awarded the UPA’s highest decorations: the Gold
Cross of Combat Merit First Class and the Cross of Merit in gold
HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-20” \o “” [21]
.

Roman Shukhevych was HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthumously” \o “Posthumously”
posthumously conferred the title of HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_Ukraine” \o “Hero of Ukraine”
Hero of Ukraine by President HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yushchenko” \o “Viktor Yushchenko”
Yushchenko on HYPERLINK “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_12” \o
“October 12” October 12 , HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007” \o “2007” 2007 . HYPERLINK
“http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/” \l “cite_note-21” \o “” [22]

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