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Oe?a?ia ia ii/aoeo OO no.

Oaaeeoey. Aeiiii?/iee ?icaeoie oe?a?inueeeo caiaeue

O neeaae? ?in?enueei? ?iia???O neeaae? Aano?i-Oai?nueei? ?iia???Aoiaeeea
No?aeia, I?aaeaiia oa Oeaio?aeueia Oe?a?ia, aea i?iaeeaaei iiiaae 20
iei. oe?a?ioe?a.

Oe?a?inuee? caie? aeaaaee 70% aoa?eey, 57.2% cae?cii? ?oaee, 52% /aaoio,
80% oeoe?o ?iia???, 90% aenii?oiaaii? ?in??th ioaieoe?.

Ia Oe?a?io i?eiaaeaei 70% onueiai aeaeiaooeo ne?iaeie ?iia??? oa 15% ??
iiooaeiinoae o ae?iaieoeoa? aioiaeo oiaa??a. Aeiiii?/ia e?eca 1900–1903
pp. iaea?eueoi? aino?ioe iaaoea o aaaee?e i?iieneiaino?.

Aenieee ??aaiue eiioeaio?aoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa. Iiiiiie?noe/i? ia’?aeiaiiy:
neiaeeeao oeoe?icaaiae/ee?a (1887), «I?iaeaiao», «O?oaii?iaeaaea».
«I?iaeaaaii» (1902), «Oeayo» (1903), «I?iaeaoa?eey» (1904). Oaeaeei
?icaeaa?oueny eiiia?aoeaiee ?oo, yeee i/iethaaa «a?o?eueiee aaoueei»
I. Eaaeonueeee.

Ia?aoiaoaaeiny 130 i?no (Iaeana -404 oen. iaoeaioe?a. Ee?a – 248 oen.,
Oa?e?a – 174 oen.). Oe?a?ioe? noaiiaeee iaioa o?aoeie i?nueeiai
ianaeaiiy. Ia nae? caa??aaeiny iii?ueoeueea caieaaieiae?iiy, yea oaeaeei
caiaiaaeaei. Iiaeeaeeany nioe?aeueia aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y naeyinoaa.

Iaeicaiaeey ooiaoaei naeyi aei i?a?aoe?? o no?aei? ?aeiie ?iia???.

Oea?nueeee o?yae ia?ane?aeoaaa oe?a?inueeo iiao, eoeueoo?oAoiaeeea
No?aeia Aaee/eia, Aoeiaeia, Caea?iaooy. I?iaeeaaei aeecueei 5 iei.
oe?a?ioe?a.

Oe? caie? aoee iaeieie c iaeoaia?oeo o ?a?ii?, ?o iaceaaee «eiii?ith
aeiiii?/ieo aano?ae?a». O i?iieneiaino?» ia?aaaaeaee ae??ai?
i?aei?e?inoaa. Iaea?eueo ?icaeioo? aaeoc? i?iieneiaino?: iaooiaa
(aeaaaea 5% na?oiaiai aeaeiaooeo iaooe), aea?aaiia?a?iaia, ai??e/aia,
aeaeiaooie nie?, a??nueeiai aineo.

Aeieeathoue iiiiiie?noe/i? ia’?aeiaii?: «Aaeeoeueei-Ea?iaonueea
oiaa?enoai», «Aaee/eia», «Ioiaeon», «Nieueaa».

O 1904 ?. caniiaaii ?aa?c?eiee nithc oe?a?inueeeo eiiia?aoea?a (?NOE),
ui noaa i?aai?caoe?eii-?aeaeiei oeaio?ii oe?a?inueeeo eiiia?aoea?a. Ia
ii/aoeo XX no. i?yo?anueeee ?ieneii TH. O??oeae caii/aoeoaaa
«Aa?oiaeinueeo aeoe?th» (oae iacaaee ?yae caoiae?a uiaei iie?ioaiiy
noaiiaeua naeyi), caniiaoaaeeny eiiia?aoeae, iuaaei? eane,
ainiiaea?nuee? oa i?iieneia? ni?eee.

Iaea?eueo? i?noa: Euea?a (200 oen. iaoeaioe?a); *a?i?aoe?, Ioea/aaa.
Oe?a?ioe? noaiiaeee 25–30% i?nueeeo aeeoae?a. Iieyee – iiiaae 30%, ?a?a?
– a?eueoa 40%.

I?iaeiaaeoaaei caa??aaoeny iii?ueoeueea caieaaieiae?iiy (iiiaae 40%
i?ieo caiaeue iaeaaeaei 2400 aaeeeei caieaaeanieeai).

Aaccaiaeey naeyi coiiaeei aaeeeo ai?a?aoe?th ca ieaai

Oaaeeoey. Ia?inoaiiy ?aaiethoe?eiiai ?ooo

?ia?oie/ee ?ooNaeyinueeee ?ooNooaeaionueei-o/i?anueeee
?ooCainueei-e?aa?aeueiee ?ooIniiai? oi?ie: no?aeee, aeaiiino?aoe??.

Ii/aoie ?ooia? iieeaea ia?oa a ?in?enuee?e ?iia??? aaeeea ia?aea 1
o?aaiy 1900 ?. a Oa?eia? (acyei o/anoue 10 oen. /ieia?e, ?ic?aiaia
a?enueeaie, 150 /ieia?e caa?aooiaaii).

1901–1902 pp. no?aeee ? aeaiiino?aoe?? i?ieoee a Ee?a?, Oa?eia?,
Eaoa?eiineaa?, Iaean?, Iieoaa?. A eeii?-na?ii? 1903 ?. aei
caaaeueiiiie?oe/iiai no?aeeo i?e?aeiaeeny ?ia?oieee Iaeane, Ee?aa,
Ieeiea?aa, ?eenaaaoa?aaea, Eaoa?eiineaaa, AEeoiie?a, Aeiiaano,
*a?i?aiaa, NaaanoiiieyNi?yiiaaiee i?ioe iii?uee?a, ca e?ea?aeaoe?th
iii?ueoeueeiai caieaaieiae?iiy e ?iciiae?e caie? i?ae naeyiaie. O
1900–1904 pp. ia Oe?a?i? noaeiny iiiaae 1000 naeyinueeeo aenooi?a, ui
ioiieee 1300 n?e. E?euee?noue aeoeaieo o/aniee?a noaiiaeea iiiaae 800
oen. /ieia?e.

Oe?ieiai ?iciaoo naeyinuee? aenooie iaa?aee a Iieoaanuee?e, Oa?e?anuee?e
aoaa?i?yo aaniith 1902 ?. Aiie ioiieee 337 n?e c ianaeaiiyi 160 oen.
/ieia?e. Naeyie ?ica?iieee 105 ia?oe?a. Aenooie aoee i?eaeooai?
a?enueeaie. Iiiaae 1 oen. /ie. aoei a?aeaeaii i?ae noae. Ia naeyi
iaeeaaeaii a?ioiaee oo?ao o 800 oen. e?a.

O /a?ai?-na?ii? 1902 ?. a?aeaoany ianiaee no?aeeiaee ?oo naeyi Cao?aeii?
Oe?a?ie, a yeiio acyei o/anoue iiiaae 100 oen. /ie. Aoa i?eaeooaiee
a?enueeaie. Iii?ueee i?oee ia iinooieeAeoea?caoe?? ?ooo ni?eyee
«Oei/ania? i?aaeea i?i a?aeaoaaiiy a?enueeiai? iiaeiiino? aeoiaaioeyie
aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a, yeeo aeaaiythoue c oeeo caeeaae?a ca
a/eiaiiy ao?oii aacii?yaee?a», caoaa?aeaeai? a 1899 ?.

O /a?ai? 1900 ?. a Iaean? i?ieoia iaeaaaeueiee Ana?in?enueeee c’?cae
nooaeaio?a. Iie?oe?y caa?aoooaaea aeaeaaao?a.

O n?/i? 1901 ?. ca ?icii?yaeaeaiiyi aeanoae 183 nooaeaio?a Ee?anueeiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ca ?aaiethoe?eio ae?yeuei?noue aoei a?aeaeaii o nieaeaoe. O
n?/i?-ethoiio 1902 ?. i?ieoia caaaeueii?in?enueeee nooaeaionueeee
no?aee, a yeiio acyei o/anoue 30 oen. nooaeaio?a 35 aeueo iaa/aeueieo
caeeaae?a.

O 1901 ?. aeoea?coaaany nooaeaionueei-o/i?anueeee ?oo o Aaee/ei?. Eiai
i/ieeee nooaeaioe Euea?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo. Aeiaaaee neanoaaiiy
iaiaaeaiue ia eoeueoo?iee ?icaeoie oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo, noai?aiiy
oe?a?inueeiai oi?aa?neoaooOeaio?aie e?aa?aeueiiai ?ooo noathoue cainoaa.

O 1901 ?. o Iieoaa? i?aaenoaaieee cainoa /ioe?ueio e?aiaa?aaeiee
aoaa?i?e Oe?a?ie i?iaaee c’?cae. O eiai ?iaio? aeoeaio o/anoue a?aa
A.A. Ei?ieaiei. C’?cae ooaaeea ?aciethoe?e c aeiiaith caai?iieoe o?eani?
iiea?aiiy.

O 1904 ?. cainueeee e?aa?aeueiee ?oo aeeeany o «cainueeo» ? «aaieaoio»
eaiiai??, Ia nai?o cai?ao, c’?caeao, aaieaoao, o iaoeoe?yo
caioe?-e?aa?aee caa?oaeeny aei oea?nueeiai o?yaeo c i?ioaiiyi i?iaanoe
?aoi?ie caa?oo

Oaaeeoey ?. Aaee/eia a oe?a?inueeiio iaoe?iiaeueiiio ?on?

AeaoaIiae?yCi?no ? iane?aeeeE?iaoeue O?O – ii/aoie OO no.

1896 ?.

1896 ?.

1899 ?.

1900 ?.

O?aaaiue 1900 ?.Ai?ioueaa oe?a?ioe?a ca caaaeueia aeai?/a i?aai

Iieiaeee ?aaeeeae THe?ai Aa/einueeee iaienaa i?aoeth, a ye?e aenoioa
?aeath oe?a?inueeiai ??aaeaioecio

?. O?aiei iaienaa ?aoeaic?th ia eieao TH. Aa/einueeiai

Ia?iaeiaoe? TH. ?iiai/ee ? E. Eaaeoeueeee, ?aaeeeaee I. A?ooaanueeee ?
?. O?aiei canioaaee Oe?a?inueeo iaoe?iiaeueii – aeaiie?aoe/io ia?o?th
(OIAeI)

E?a? ?aaeeeaee ? oe?a?inuee? nioe?ae-aeaiie?aoe canioaaee Oe?a?inueeo
nioe?ae-aeaiie?aoe/io ia?o?th (ONAeI)

Ee?eei O?eeueianueeee, aaeaieao, iaeei ?c i?ia?aeieo ae?y/?a Aaeeoeueei?
?aaeeeaeueii? ia?o??, canioaaa o n. Caaiey ia Noai?neaauei? ia?oee
ina?aaeie «N?/?»Neaniaaii nenoaio eo??y ? cai?iaaaeaeaii caaaeueia
aeai?/a i?aai (1907 ?.)

Aeiaiaeea iaiao?aei?noue noai?aiiy aeanii? Oe?a?inueei? niai?ii?
aea?aeaae

Ianoithaaa ?aeath iie?oe/ii? iacaeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie

Noiyea ia e?aa?aeuei?e ieaooi?i?. Iaeaeeae/a iaoa – caeiaoooy aaoiiii??
Aaee/eie a neeaae? Aano?i-Oai?nueei? ?iia???. Aeiaaio?eaaea iaoa –
caeiaoooy Oe?a?iith iacaeaaeiino?. Aoea iaea?eueoith oe?a?inueeith
ia?o??th Aaee/eie

Oeaio?aeueiei i?aaiii noaea aacaoa «Aiey», a e?aea?aie – I. Aaieaae/, N.
A?oee. ONAeI aeciaaaea eeoa eaaaeuei? oi?ie ai?ioueae, aaaaeaea, ui
eai?oae?ci iiaeia cai?ieoe nioe?ae?ciii o?eueee oeyoii ?aoi?i, aeciaaaea
oai??th «eoeueoo?ii-iaoe?iiaeueii? aaoiiii??»

Ianiaa iieiae?aeia i?aai?caoe?y, ae?yeuei?noue yei? aoea ni?yiiaaia ia
o?ce/ia caaa?ooaaiiy ? aeoiaaiiy iieiaeeo oe?a?ioe?a o aeon?
eicaoeueeiai eeoea?noaa Caii?icueei? N?/?

Oaaeeoey ?. Iie?oecaoe?y oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?ooo

AeaoaIiae?yCi?no ? iane?aeee1891 ?.A?oia nooaeaio?a ia /ie? c ?. Eeiith,
A. A??i/aieii, I. I?oiianueeei ooai?eee a?aonoai «oa?an?aoe?a».Iaoa –
?icai?iooe oe?a?inueeee ?oo ye aeueoa?iaoeao ?in?enueeiio
?aaeeeae?ciia?. Iiae?ai? a?oie aeieeee a Ee?a?, Iaean?, Iieoaa?,
*a?i?aia?.1893 ?.«A?aonoai oa?an?aoe?a» iioae?eo-aaei o euea?anuee?e
aacao? «I?aaaea» na?e i?ia?aiiee aeieoiaio – «Profession de foi iieiaeeo
oe?a?ioe?a»E?eoeeoaaee noa?eo oe?a?iio?e?a ca ?ioaeaeooaeueio
caeaaei?noue a?ae ?in?enueei? eoeueoo?e. Aoei cayaeaii i?i iai?? noaoe
?noeiii oe?a?inueeith ?ioae?aaioe??th. A iie?oee-i?e iaeano? aenooiaee
ca aeciaiiy oe?a?ioe?a ie?aiei ia?iaeii a iaaeao aeaiie?aoe/ii?
oaaea?aoeaii? ?in??1897 ?.C ?i?oe?aoeae A. Aioiiiae/a e I. Eiienueeiai
aoei ooai?aii i?aei?eueio «Caaaeueio oe?a?inueeo i?aai?caoe?th»
(COI)ssaeyea niaith oaaea?aoe?th 20 a?iiaae, nooaeaionueeeo a?oi ia /ie?
c eiinoeueoaoeaiei eii?oaoii o Ee?a?. Iaea aeecueei 450 aeoeaieo /eai?a.
I?ia?aiiee aeieoiaio – «Iinoaiiy aei oe?a?ioe?a»N?/aiue

1900 ?.A Oa?eia? caniiaaii ?aaiethoe?eio oe?a?inueeo ia?o?th (?OI) –
ia?oo iie?oe/io ia?o?th ia No?aei?e Oe?a?i?Caniiaieee: Ae. Aioiiiae/,
I. ?onia, E. Iaoe??ae/. A iniiaiiio aoiaeeee nooaeaioe. Ina?aaeee ia?o??
(«a?euei? a?iiaaee») aoee a Oa?eia?, Ee?a?, Iieoaa?, *a?i?aia?. O
Eueaia? oa *a?i?aoeyo ?nioaaee caei?aeiii? ath?i. I?ia?aie ? Noaoooo
ia?o?y ia iaea. A *a?i?aoeyo ? Eueaia? aeaeaaaeeny aeo?iae «Aanei» ?
aacaoa «Naeyiei». ?oi?aoe? a?aenoithaaee nioe?aeuei? ?ioa?ane naeyinoaa,
yea aaaaeaee iniiaith oe?a?inueei? iaoe??1900 ?.Iiyaa i?ia?aiii? a?ioo?e
?OI – «Naiino?eia Oe?a?ia»Iaienaa iaeei ?c e?aea??a ?OI – oa?e?anueeee
th?eno Ieeiea I?oiianueeee. Aenoiooi aanei naiino?eii? Oe?a?ie1902 ?.C
?OI aeeoea a?oia, yeaooai?eea Oe?a?inueeo ia?iaeio ia?o?th
(OII)I/iethaaa ?? I. I?oiianueeee. Noiyea ia iiceoe?yo naiino?eiino?
Oe?a?ie. I?i?nioaaea aei 1907 ?.1904 ?.A?oia ae?y/?a aeeoea c?OI ?
ooai?eea Oe?a?inueeo nioe?ae-aeaiie?aoe/io ni?eeo («Ni?eea»)I/iethaaee
?? I. Iaea-iaanueeee-Aanie, I. Nei?iien-Eieoooianueeee. Aenooiaea ca oa,
uia noaoe aaoiiiiiith i?aai?caoe??th ?in?enueei? nioe?ae-aeaiie?aoe/ii?
ia?o??, yea a i?aaenoaaeyea on?o ?ia?oiee?a Oe?a?ie, iacaeaaeii a?ae
iaoe?iiaeueiino?. Ia AEaiaa-nuee?e eiioa?aioe?? iaioiaeoeueei? o?aeoe??
?NAe?I «Ni?eea» oa?eoea aei ?? neeaaeoIn?iue

1904 ?.O Ee?a? noai?aii Oe?a?inueeo aeaiie?aoe/io ia?o?th
(OAeI)Caniiaieee: I. Eioioeue-eee, ?. Oei/aiei, ?. *eeaeaiei. Noiyea ia
e?aa?aeueieo iiceoe?yo. A?aenoithaaea i?aai Oe?a?ie ia aaoiiii?th a
neeaae? ?in??O Ee?a? caii/aoeiaaii Oe?a?inueeo ?aaeeeaeueio ia?o?th
(O?I)I/ieeee: A. A??i/aiei, N. ?o?aiia. Aeiaaaea anoa-iiaeaiiy a ?in??
eiinoeoo-oe?eii? iiia?o??, i?aaa Oe?a?ie ia aaoiiii?th

Oaaeeoey ?. Eoeueoo?iee ? iaoeiai-ina?oi?e iai?yi oe?a?inueeiai
iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?ooo

Eoeueoo?iee iai?yiIaoeiai-ina?oi?e iai?yiO 1903 ?. a Iieoaa? a?aeaoeiny
a?aee?eooy iai’yoieea ?. Eioey?aanueeiio, yea ia?aoai?eeiny a ni?aaaei?
«nayoi oe?a?inueeiai neiaa». Ia iueiai c’?oaeeny i?aaenoaaieee c
Iaaeaei?i?yinueei? Oe?a?ie, c Aaee/eie, Aoeiaeie. Cie?aia: ?.
Ea?iaiei-Ea?ee, I. Eioethaeinueeee, I E?iieaieoeueeee, I. Eenaiei, Iaian
Ie?iee, ?. Ia/oe-Eaaeoeueeee, I. Noa?eoeueeee, I. Naenaaainueeee, Eany
Oe?a?iea oa ?i. O 1903 ?. a Ee?a? oe?a?inueea ?ioae?aaioe?y aeaoooaaea
o?i/enoa aoaioaaiiy eiiiiceoi?a I. Eenaiea c iaaiaee 35-??//y eiai
ioce/ii? ae?yeueiino?.

A 1904 ?. eoeueoo?ia a?iiaaenuee?noue o?i/enoi a?aecia/eea a Ee?a?
35-??//y e?oa?aoo?ii? ae?yeueiino? ienueiaiieea ?. Ia/oy-Eaaeoeueeiai.
Oe? iiae?? iaee aaeeea cia/aiiy aeey i?aeianaiiy ianiai? oe?a?inueei?
iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino?A?oaieia?/i? c’?caee (XI a?aeaoany a 1899 ?. o
Ee?a?, O?? – 1902 ?. a Oa?eia?, XIII -1905 ?. o Eaoa?eiineaa?, XIV –
1908 ?. o *a?i?aia?) i?eaa?ioee oaaao a/aieo onueiai na?oo aei
oe?a?inueei? iaoee, eoeueoo?e.

O 1904 ?. aeeoia o na?o «Ia?en ?noi??? oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo». Oey
i?aoey noaea iaei??th c iaea?eueo iiioey?ieo ?ia?o I. A?ooaanueeiai.
Aiia a?ae?a?aea cia/io ?ieue o oi?ioaaii? ?ioa?ano oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo
aei nai?? ?noi???.

?yae oe?a?inueeeo cainoa ? i?nueeeo aeoi ooaaeeee iinoaiiae i?i iio?aao
cai?iaaaeeoe a oeieao iaa/aiiy oe?a?inueeith iiaith. Aiaeia?/i?
iinoaiiae aeiinyoue ??ci? c’?caee – aa?iiii?/i?, oaoi?/i? oa ?i.

sse iane?aeie, Neiiae, yeee i?anoie?ooy ia aeicaieya oe?a?inueeiai neiaa
a oea?eiaiiio aeeoo?, aeaa aeaaineiaaiiy oe?a?inueeiio ia?aeeaaeo
?aaiaae?y ? aeaeaa eiai nai?i eiooii.

O e?ioe? 1904 ?. ?aaea i?i?no??a ?in??iinoaaeea ieoaiiy i?i neanoaaiiy
oeaico?ieo caai?ii oe?a?inueeiai neiaaOaaeeoey ?. Iania? nioe?aeuei?
?ooe a aeaiie?aoe/i?e ?aaiethoe?? 1905–1907 ??.

?ia?oie/ee ?ooNaeyinueeee ?ooAenooie a a?i?? ? ia oeio?Aecaieueia
ai?ioueaa o?oaeyueo cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo caiaeueO n?/i?-aa?aci? 1905 ?.
no?aeeiaee ?oo ioiiea 170 oen. ?ia?oiee?a Ee?aa, Oa?eiaa, Eaoa?eiineaaa,
Aa?aee/aaa, AEeoiie?a oa ?i. i?no.

A aeiaoi? 1905 ?. iiiaae 120 oen. ?ia?oiee?a i?iieneiaeo oeaio??a
Oe?a?ie acyee o/anoue o Ana?in?enueeiio iie?oe/iiio no?aeeia?. A
Oa?eia?, Eaoa?eiineaa?, Iaean? a?aeaoeeny ca?iei? nooe/ee c a?enueeaie.
A Eaoa?eiineaa? noai?aii ia?oo ia Oe?a?i? ?aaeo ?ia?oie/eo aeaiooao?a (a
a?oaei? 1905 ?. ?o ia?aoiaoaaeiny 81). ?ia?oieee noaee ia’?aeioaaoeny a
i?ioan?ei? ni?eee (a 1907 ?. ?o ia?aoiaoaaeiny ia Oe?a?i? 280).

O aeiaoi?-eenoiiaae? 1905 ?. o Ee?a?, Eaoa?eiineaa?, Iaean?, ia Aeiiaan?
a?aeaoeeny iie?oeaenueei-/i?iinioaii? iia?iie, ye? o?eaaee aeae?eueea
aei?a.

9–18 a?oaeiy 1905 ?. a Oa?eia?, Ieaenaiae???, Eaoa?eiineaa?, ia Aeiiaan?
a?aeaoeeny ca?iei? iianoaiiy. I?eaeooai? a?enueeaie.

O 1905 ?. ia Oe?a?i? no?aeeoaaei iiiaae 100 oen. /ie. O 1907 ?. – iaeaea
55 oen. /ie.O n?/i?-aa?aci? a *a?i?a?anuee?e, Oa?e?anuee?e, Iieoaanuee?e
aoaa?i?yo a?aeaoeiny aeecueei 140 naeyinueeeo aenooi?a. Ia
aa?anaiue-a?oaeaiue 1905 ?. i?eiaei 1900 aenooi?a, ?ica?iieaii 600
ia?oe?a, a 61 nae? a?aeaoeeny nooe/ee c a?enueeaie. Aeieeathoue iania?
aacia?o?ei? i?aai?caoe?? – naeyinuee? ni?eee. Iai?ee?ioe? 1905 ?.
?nioaaei 7 aoaa?inueeeo, 12 iia?oiaeo eii?oao?a ? iiiaae 120 n?euenueeeo
? aieinieo i?aai?caoe?e ni?eee. Aieea a ieo iaee ana?e ? oe?a?inuee?
nioe?ae-aeaiie?aoe.

O aeiaoi? 1905 ?. a n. Aeoainoia? ia *a?i?a?auei? caiiaei? naeyie
i?aai?coaaee naiinoae iaae 15 o/anieeaie aioe iii?ueoeueeiai aenooio ?
aaeee ?o («Aeoaino?anueea o?aaaae?y»).

18–22 a?oaeiy 1905 ?. aeeoae? n. Aaeee? Ni?i/eioe? ia Iieoaauei?
caoiieee aeaaeo ? ia?aee ?aaiethoe?eiee naeyinueeee eii?oao. A?enueea
caeiyee niei ? aeaoooaaee ?ici?aao. Oe? iiae?? iienaa A. Ei?ieaiei a
aeieoiaioaeueiiio ia?en? «Ni?i/einueea o?aaaae?y».

O 1906 ?. ia Oe?a?i? a?aeaoeiny 2194 naeyinueeeo aenooie, o 1907 ?. –
641.O /a?ai? 1905 ?. a?aeaoeiny iianoaiiy ia a?iiaiinoe? «Iioueiie?i».
I/iethaaa eiai iao?in A. Aaeoeai/oe (?iaeii ?c a?aeii? naeyinueei?
?iaeeie naea A. Ei?iaeioe? (oaia? *oaei?anueeee ?-i AEeoiie?nueei?
iae.).

11–16 eenoiiaaea 1905 ?. aeaooioei iianoaiiy iao?in?a ia 12 ei?aaeyo
*i?iiii?nueeiai oeioo. Ea?oaaa iei eaeoaiaio I. Oi?aeo. Iianoaiiy
caciaei ii?acee. I. Oi?aeo ? o?e eiai iii?/ieee aoee no?a/ai?. 18
eenoiiaaea 1905 ?. a Ee?a? aenooieei 1 oen. naia??a. I/ieea ?o
i?aeii?o/ee A. AEaaeai?anueeee. Iianoaiiy aoei i?eaeooaii.
AEaaeai?anueeiai canoaeeee aei no?aoe, yeo cai?ieee aeia?/iith
eaoi?aithO n?/i?-ethoiio o Eueaia?, *a?i?aoeyo, Oa?iiiie?, Ae?iaiae/?,
Noai?neaa?, Eieiie? i?ieioeeany oaeey i?oeia?a, aeaiiino?aoe?e, cai??a
nie?aea?iino? c o?oaeyueie Iaaeaei?i?yiueie.

O 1905 ?. /enei i?aei?e?inoa, ioiieaieo no?aeeaie, c?inei i?ioe 1900 ?.
a 4 ?ace, a e?euee?noue no?aeea??a – a?eueo ye o 3 ?ace. I?ioyaii
1905–1907 pp. o No?aei?e Aaee/ei? a?aeaoeiny iiiaae 220 no?aee?a, o yeeo
acyee o/anoue 40 oen. ?ia?oiee?a. ?aaiethoe?eia i?aeianaiiy cioneei
aano??enueeee o?yae 4 eenoiiaaea 1905 ?. cayaeoe i?i aaaaeaiiy
caaaeueiiai aeai?/iai i?aaa

Oaaeeoey ?. ?aaiethoe?y 1905–1907 ?ie?a – iiaooi?e /eiiee i?aeianaiiy
oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?ooo

Ai?ioueaa i?ioe iaiaaeaiue oe?a?inueeiai ae?oeoI?iieeiaiiy oe?a?inueei?
iiae a ina?ooIiaeaeueoa iie?oecaoe?y oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?oooC
?i?oe?aoeae oe?a?inueeeo iaoeiaeo ae?y/?a ?in?enueea aeaaeai?y iaoe
noai?eea eii?n?th, yea i?aeaiooaaea «Caieneo i?i a?aei?io ooene?a
iaei?in?enueeiai ae?oeiaaiiai neiaa», ?? i?aeo?eiaea i?ioano?a
Ee?anueeiai ? Oa?e?anueeiai oi?aa?neoao?a. 24 eenoiiaaea 1905 ?.
ooaaeaii caeii, ca yeei aeicaieyeiny aeaeaaaoe e?oa?aoo?o
iaoe?iiaeueiith iiaith, aeioneaoe aeo?iaee e aacaoe, noai?thaaoe
eoeueoo?ii-ina?oi? oiaa?enoaa, iaoe?iiaeuei? oaao?e. O e?ioe? 1905 ?.
ii/aee aeaeaaaoe aacaoe e aeo?iaee oe?a?inueeith iiaith. Ia?oa c ieo
«Oe?ai?ia» aoea aeaeaia I. Oaiaoii o Eoaiao. Ca iath o Ee?a? ii/aea
aeoiaeeoe ia?oa uiaeaiia oe?a?inueea aacaoa «A?iiaaenueea aeoiea»
(i?ci?oa «?aaea»), ?? caniiaieee – ?. *eeaeaiei, A. Neie?aiei ?
A. Eaiioiae/. C’yaeeeny oe?a?inuee? aacaoe a Iieoaa?, Eaoa?eiineaa?,
Iaean?, Oa?eia?. O 1906 ?. oe?a?inueeith iiaith aeaeaaaeiny 18 aacao ?
aeo?iae?a. Ia?aeoia ia oe?a?inueeo iiao ? iaenoa??oee ia oie /an ia
Oe?a?i? aeo?iae «Eeaaneay noa?eia». A?i ii/aa aeoiaeeoe i?ae iacaith
«Oe?a?ia» (i?i?nioaaa aei 1907 p.).O aaaaoueio i?noao ? naeao
a?aeaoaaeeny cai?e ? i?oeiae, ye? i?eeiaee ?aciethoe?? c aeiiaith
cai?iaaaeaeaiiy iaa/aiiy o oeieao oe?a?inueeith iiaith. Iaee i?noea
aeiaaeee, eiee a/eoae? yai/iei ii?yaeeii – aaiaeeee iaa/aiiy o/i?a
??aeiith iiaith. O aeayeeo aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao ii/aee aeeeaaeaoe
oe?a?iiciaa/? eo?ne. Oae, a Oa?e?anueeiio oi?aa?neoao? i?io. Ae Aaaao?e
ii/aa /eoaoe eo?n ?noi??? Oe?a?ie. A Ee?anueeiio oi?aa?neoao? i?io.
A. Eiaiaea /eoaa eo?n c ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e. O e?ioe?
1905–1906 ?. ia Oe?a?i? aeieeathoue eoeueoo?ii-ina?o-i? oiaa?enoaa
«I?ina?oa». Ia?oa c ieo aeieeea a Eaoa?eiineaa?, a aei na?aaeeie 1907 ?.
?o iae?/oaaeiny 45. O ieo aeoeaii i?aoethaaee a?aeii? ae?y/?
oe?a?inueei? eoeueoo?e. Aiie i?aai?ciaoaaee oeiee, a?ae?ioaee, eaeoe??,
eiioea?oe aeey ia?iaeo, aeaeaaaee oe?a?inueeith iiaith eieae. I?aaie
aeaaee an?eyei ia?aoeiaeaeaee ae?yeueiino? «I?ina?o».

O a?oaei? 1905 ?. a?aeaoeany ?ai?aai?caoe?y ?OI a Oe?a?inueeo
nioe?ae-aeaiie?aoe/io ?ia?oie/o ia?o?th (ONAe?I). E?aea?e –
A. Aeiie/aiei, N. Iaoeth?a, I. Ii?o. ?iaeee noaaeo ia ia?aiiao
i?ieaoa?nueei?, ?aaiethoe??. A iaoe?iiaeueiiio ieoaii? aenooiaea ca
aaoiiii?th Oe?a?ie a neeaae? ?in?enueea! aea?aeaae.

O 1905 ?. ia aac? OAeI ? O?I aoei noai?aii Oe?a?inueeo,
aeaiie?aoe/ii-?aaeeeaeueio ia?o?th. E?aea?e – A. A??i/aiei, N. ?o?aiia,
Ae. Aei?ioaiei. Aenooiaea ca aaoiiii?th Oe?a?ie oa caiaeueio ?aoi?io.

O 1906 ?. ia Aoeiaei? aoei caniiaaii Nioe?ae-aeaiie?aoe/io ia?o?th.
E?aea? – I. Aaciaeeo Iaea nai?i aaneii «I?ieaoa?? an?o e?a?i,
?aeiaeoany!». O 1906 ?. oai aea aoei caniiaaii ?aaeeeaeueio ia?o?th.
E?aea?e – O. Aae?i, ?. oa I. Iiiiae/. Aeiaaaea aeiiii?/ieo oa
eoeueoo?ieo ci?i. Eiyeueii noaaeeany aei aano??enueeiai o?yaeo.

O 1907 ?. ia Aoeiaei? noai?aii Iaoe?iiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/io ia?o?th.
E?aea?e – N. Niaeue-Noioeueeee, I. Aaneeueei.

A?ae oe?a?inueeeo aoaa?i?e aei ? ? ?? Aeoie aoei ia?aii ii 102
aeaiooaoe. *anoeia aeaiooao?a-oe?a?ioe?a noai?eea a Aeoi? oe?a?inueeo
o?aeoe?th – Oe?a?inueeo aeoinueeo a?iiaaeo i?ae ea??aieoeoaii ?ee?
O?aaa. A ? Aeoi?aiia ia?aoiaoaaea 44 aeaiooaoe, a ?? – 47. Aieiaiei
aaneii oe??? a?iiaaee aoea aaoiiii?y Oe?a?ie. Aeoinueeith o?aeoe??th
aoee ?ic?iaeai? caeiiii?iaeoe i?i i?noeaaa naiia?yaeoaaiiy, i?i i?aaa
oe?a?inueei? iiae a oeie?, noae?, c caiaeueieo ieoaiue, ioi?iie i?aoe?.
Aaeeeo aeiiiiiao iaaeaaaa I A?ooaanueeee, yeee ni?eya canioaaiith a
Iaoa?ao?c? ae?oeiaaieo i?aai?a «A?eueia Oe?a?ia», «??aeia ni?aaa»,
«A?no? c Aeoie».

Oaaeeoey ?. Noieei?inueea ?aaeoe?y a Oe?a?i?

Noieei?inueeee iie?oe/iee ?aaeeiNoieei?inueea aa?a?ia ?aoi?iaC /a?aiy
1907 ?. ?ic?aiaii II Aea?aeaaio aeoio. 19 na?iiy 1907 ?. ia Oe?a?i?
ii/aee ae?yoe a?enueeiai-iieueia? noaee. Ii/aeiny ia?ane?aeoaaiiy
ethaeae, ye? a?aee o/anoue a ?aaiethoe?eieo aenooiao. O a?oaei? 1908 ?.
a Eaoa?eiineaa? i?ieoia noaeiaee i?ioean iaae o/anieeaie a?oaeiaaiai
ca?ieiiai iianoaiiy 1905 ?. o Aeiiaan?. Aoei canoaeaeaii 123 /ie. aei
o?eaaeeo no?ie?a oa’yciaiiy, 1 /ie. aei no?aoe.

O O Aea?aeaaio aeoio a?ae oe?a?inueeeo aoaa?i?e aoei ia?aii 111
aeaiooao?a (64 iii?ueee, 13 nayuaiee?a, 20 naeyi). O o?aai? 1908 ?.
Aeoia a?aeoeeeea aianaiee 37 aeaiooaoaie caeiiii?iaeo i?i aeei?enoaiiy
oe?a?inueei? iiae o ii/aoeiaeo oeieao oa noaeiaeo onoaiiaao Oe?a?ie. O
1908 ?. noai?aii Oiaa?enoai oe?a?inueeeo iinooiiaoe?a (AOI) –
i?aeia?o?eiee iie?oe/iee aeie. I/iethaaee I. A?ooaanueeee, N. ?o?aiia,
?. *eeaeaiei.

O 1908 ?. a Ee?a? aoei caniiaaii «Eeoa ?onneeo iaoeeiiaeenoia», ui
noaaea ia?aae niaith iaoo «aanoe noni?eueio e eoeueoo?io a?eio i?ioe
oe?a?inueeiai ?ooo ia caoeno iniia ?in?enueei? aea?aeaae ia Oe?a?ii». O
1910 ?. aoei i?eeiyoi oee?eoey? i?i caai?iio aoaeue-yeeo oe?a?inueeeo
i?aai?caoe?e. O 1911 ?. Noieei?i iaa?oiooaaa oeth caai?iio a ?aii?o? aei
naiaoo. A iueiio cacia/aeiny: «?noi?e/iei caaaeaiiyi ?in?enueei?
aea?aeaaiino? ? ai?ioueaa c ?ooii, ui i?noeoue o nia? ?aeath
a?ae?iaeaeaiiy noa?i? Oe?a?ie». 13 aa?aniy 1911 ?. a i?ei?uaii?
Ee?anueeiai i?nueeiai oaao?o ana? Ae. Aia?ia nia?oaeueii ii?aiea I.
Noieei?ia. 18 aa?aniy I. Noieei?i iiia?. Iioiaaiee ia oa?eoi???
Ee?ai-Ia/a?nueei? eaa?eOeac oea?nueeiai o?yaeo i?i a?eueiee aeo?ae naeyi
?c iaueie a?ae 9 eenoiiaaea 1906 ?. iieeaa ii/aoie noieei?inuee?e
aa?a?i?e ?aoi?i?. 14 /a?aiy 1910 ?. a?i aoa caoaa?aeaeaiee Aea?aeaaiith
aeoiith. ?aoi?ia ia?aaeaa/aea: ?oeioaaiiy iaueie e cae??ieaiiy ca
naeyiaie caie? o i?eaaoio aeani?noue; i?aai?caoe?y ia nae? ooo??nueeiai
? a?ae?oaiiai ainiiaea?noaa; ia?anaeaiiy naeyi.

C 1906 ii 1916 pp. a naie aoaa?i?yo Oe?a?ie (aac Aieei? ? Iiae?eey) c
iaueie aeeoei 468 oen. naeyinueeeo aeai??a, ?o caiaeuei? iaae?ee
noaiiaeee 30,2% iaueiii? iaae?eueii? caie?. C 1906 ii 1916 ??. ia
Oe?a?i? noai?aii aeecueei 440 oen. ooo??nueeeo ? a?ae?oaieo
ainiiaea?noa, ui noaiiaeei 13% ca – aaeueii? e?eueeino? naeyinueeeo
aeai??a.

Noieei?inueea aa?a?ia ?aoi?ia ia Oe?a?i? iaea iaea?eueoee, ii??aiyii c
on?ia ?ioeie ?aa?iiaie ?in?enueei? ?iia??? oni?o: yeui a aoaa?i?yo
?a?iiaenueei? ?in?? 24% ainiiaea?noa aeeoei c iaueie, oi ia Oe?a?i? –
33%; c 2,5 iei /ie., ye? ae?oaee ia No?ae, 1 iei. aoee c Oe?a?ie

Oaaeeoey ?. Iineeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueiiai aiiaeaiiy

AeaoaIiae?yCi?no ? iane?aeeeEenoiiaae 1912 –

ethoee 1917 ??.Ae?yeuei?noue IV Aea?aeaaii? aeoieNeeaae aeaiooao?a a?ae
oe?a?inueeeo aoaa?i?e ia aeicaieea i?aai?coaaoe oe?a?inueeo o?aeoe?th.
Aieiaith Aeoie ia?aii ieoya?enoa, aaeeei?in?enueeiai oia?i?noa,
eaoa?eiineaanueeiai iii?ueea I. ?iaeceiea1913 ?.Aeaiooaoe caa?ioee oaaao
Aeoie ia iineeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueiiai aiiaeaiiy a Oe?a?i?Aeaiooaoe –
a?eueoiaee A. Iao?ianueeee. ana? I. Ea?ainueeee, eaaeao I. I?etheia
aeiiaaaeeny naiaiaee iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?icaeoeo oa aaoiiii?? Oe?a?ie.
I?ioani? N. ?aaiia aeiaaaa a?aee?eooy eaoaae? oe?a?iiciaanoaa a
oi?aa?neoaoao Oe?a?ie. ?ieneii Ieeii aeiaaaa aaaaeaiiy oe?a?inueei? iiae
a oeieao1913 ?.Ioae?/ia cayaa aieiae Aeoie I. ?iaecyieaCayaea, ui a
oeieao ia Oe?a?i? aeeeaaeaiiy oe?a?inueeith iiaith iaiiaeeeaa, oiio ui
oaei? iiae acaaae? ia ?nio?. Ana oea ooo/ia aeoai?aiiy
?ioae?aaio?a-naia?aoeno?a1910–1914 ??.Oe?a?inueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee ?oo
iaaoa iiaeo i?aai?ciaaieo oi?iAeoaea oaeaeei c?inoaa eiiia?aoeaiee ?oo,
yeee ii?aeioaaany c iaoe?iiaeueiei. O 1913 ?. ia Ee?auei? aoei 900, ia
Iiae?ee? – 600 niiaeea/eo oiaa?enoa. «I?ina?oe» ia?aeoee ia
iai?aeaaaeueia noaiiaeua. Aeieeathoue «oe?a?inuee? eeoae» (iaea?eueoei c
ieo aoa ee?anueeee eeoa «?iaeeia»)1910–1914 ??.Aeoea?caoe?y
aaeeei?in?enueeeo iie?oe/ieo nee a ai?iouea? i?ioe oe?a?inueeiai
iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?ooo?in?enuee? aacaoe ia Oe?a?i? («Iiaia a?aiy»,
«Eeaaeyiei») iino?eii canoa??aaee /eoa/?a a?ae «iaaaciaee oe?a?inoaa»,
«c?aaeieoeueeiai naia?aoecio iacaieioe?a». ?aeaieiae aaeeeiaea?aeaaiiai
oia?i?cio ia Oe?a?i? – Naaaiei, Ooeuea?i, Uiaie?a aeoeaii aenooieee
i?ioe iaoe?iiaeueii na?aeiii? oe?a?inueei? ?ioae?aaioe??. Aia?oi
iioe?thaaeeny /ooee, ui i?ia?aei? oe?a?inuee? ae?y/? oa?iii
o?iainoaaeeny i?ioeyie oa aano??eoeyie. Eaaeao I No?oaa iioae?eoaaa
noaoo?, a yeeo ianoithaaa iaiao?aei?noue i?aea?eioaaoe ?aeath «Aaeeeie
?innee» e aino?i e?eoeeoaaa oe?a?inueeee ?oo ca a?aenooi?noue
iao??ioecioN?/aiue 1913 – na?aaeeia 1914 ??.O Ee?a? aeoiaeea aeo?iae
«Aeca?i»Aeoeaii ni?a?ia?oie/aee a iueiio e?aea?e ONAe?I E. TH?eaae/,
Ae. Aeiioeia, N. Iaoeth?a. AEo?iae aenooiaa ca aeeth/aiiy ?ia?oie/iai
eeano a oe?a?inueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee ?oo*a?aaiue 1914 ?.«I?aaaea»
iioae?eoaaea ca i?aeienii Ienaie Eiee «Caa?iaiiy aei oe?a?inueeeo
?ia?oiee?a»Oe?a?inueeeo ?ia?oiee?a caeeeeaoe aei ?aeiaiiy c ?in?enueeeie
?ia?oieeaie, aei ni?eueii? ai?ioueae i?ioe oe?a?inueeeo ? ?in?enueeeo
iaoe?iiae?no?a. Oeth ioae?eaoe?th aeniei ioe?iea A. Eai?iEthoee
1914 ?.Oea?nueeee o?yae caai?iiea a?aecia/aoe 100-??//y a?ae aeiy
ia?iaeaeaiiy O.A. Oaa/aieaO Aeoi? c oeueiai i?eaiaeo ?icai??eany
aeeneon?y. Aaaaoi aeaiooao?a aenooieee i?ioe oe??? caai?iie. Oae, a?ao
Eaii?no, iauaaeie A. Eaii?noa, cayaea, ui caai?iia nayoeoaaiiy ?
ia?acith aeey an??? Oe?a?ieEthoee 1914 ?.Ianiaee ?oo i?ioanoo i?ioe
caai?iie nayoeoaaiiy 100-??//y a?ae aeiy ia?iaeaeaiiy O.A. Oaa/aiea
A?aeaoeenue tha?eaei? oaa/aie?anuee? aei?Ioiiea oe?ie? ia?iaei? iane ye
a nai?e Oe?a?i?, oae ? iica ?? iaaeaieAa?acaiue 1914 ?.A?aeaoeenue
tha?eaei? oaa/aie?anuee? aei?O Ee?a?, Oa?eia?, aaaaoueio ?ioeo i?noao
Oe?a?ie, a oaeiae o Iaoa?ao?c?, Iinea?, I?inueeo, Oeoe?n? i?ieoee
aeaiiino?aoe??, o?i/eno? cai?e

Oaaeeoey ?. Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iee ? iie?oe/iee ?icaeoie
cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo caiaeue ia?aae Ia?oith na?oiaith a?eiith

Aaei?i?no?aoeaiee ono??e oa aeiiii?/iee ?icaeoieI?aeianaiiy
oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?oooAEeooy ? ae?yeuei?noue oe?a?ioe?a ca
ei?aeiiiiIaia?aaeiaei? Ia?oi? na?oiai? a?eie Cao?aeia Oe?a?ia
ia?aaeeaaea oyaee? nioe?aeuei? oneeaaeiaiiy. Caeeoaeany ne?iaeiiei ?
aa?a?iei i?eaeaoeii Aano?i-Oai?ueie. A?eueoa /anoeia caie? iaeaaeaea
iii?ueeai, ye i?aaeei, ?iicaiiei (iieyeai o Aaee/ei?, ?oioiai o
Aoeiaei?, oai?oeyi o Caea?iaoo?). C?inoaea aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y naea. A
1908 ?. a Aaee/ei? ia?aoiaoaaeiny 5% caiiaeieo naeyi. Aiaeii/an 614 oen.
naeyinueeeo ainiiaea?noa ia caaacia/oaaee i?iaeeoeiaiai i?i?ioio.

A?aeaoaa?oueny i?aeianaiiy eiiia?aoeaiiai ?ooo. O 1911 ?. noai?aii
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeee e?aeiaee nithc oi?aiaaeueieo ni?eie. O 1914 ?.
caniiaaii e?aeiaee ?aa?c?eiee Nithc, yeee ia’?aeiaa 609 eiiia?aoea?a.
I?iieneia?noue caieoaeany a?aenoaeith. ?icaeaaany
Ae?iaiaeoeueei-Ai?eneaanueeee iaooiaee ?aeii.

Aaaaoi aeiaoaathny a??nueeiai aineo, nie?. On? i?iienee, ca iaaaeeeei
aeiyoeii, ciaoiaeeeeny a ?oeao ?iicaiiiai eai?oaeo (i?iaoeueeiai,
o?aioeocueeiai, aiae?enueeiai)Iaoe?iiaeueiee ?oo iaa ?aa?iiaeuei?
iniaeeaino? a i???ioaoe??: No?aeia Aaee/eia ia Aano?i-Oai?ueio, I?ai?/ia
Aoeiaeia ? Caea?iaooy ia ?in?th.

I?ia?aeieeii oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai eoeueoo?ii-ina?oiueiai aeeo?y
No?aeii? Aaee/eie aoa ieo?iiieeo A. Oaioeoeueeee. A?i aeaaa i?i oeiee,
canioaaa iaoeiaee ?inoeooo i?e Aiaineianuee?e aeaaeai?? oa «Aeaaeai?/iee
ae?i» o Eueaia?. Ca nai? eiooe iineeaa ethaeae aeey iaa/aiiy ca ei?aeii,
canioaaa oe?a?inueeo e?ea?ith o Eueaia?.

O 1913 ?. i?aai?coaaa o Eueaia? iaoe?iiaeueiee iocae. 12 ea?oiy 1908 ?.
oe?a?inueeee nooaeaio I. N?/einueeee aaea Aaeeoeueeiai iai?nieea
I. Iioioeueeiai. Oeei a?i oio?a i?eaa?iooe oaaao na?oiai?
a?iiaaenueeino? aei aeie? oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo.

O 1913 ?. ia Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? aeoiaeeei 80 oe?a?inueeeo ia??iaee/ieo
aeaeaiue. Ae?yee «I?ina?oe».

O 1914 ?. ia Aaee/ei? ae?yei iaeaea 900 «Nieie?a» ? iiiaae 1 oen.
«N?/ae».

O 1911 ?. o/i? euea?anueeeo oe?e (?. Nooei, ? *iiea, nei ?. O?aiea I.
O?aiei) canioaaee ia?oee oa?iiee ao?oie – «Ieano»Iiaa oaeey ianiai?
oe?a?inueei? ai?a?aoe?? ni?yiiaoaaeany ia?aaaaeii ia Aia?eeainueeee
eiioeiaio (Eaiaaea, NOA, e?a?ie Eaoeinueei? Aia?eee). Aaaaeathoue, ui
aei 1914 ?. aei Eaiaaee ae?oaei 170 oen. oe?a?ioe?a; aei NOA – iaeaea
200 oen.

O 1903 ?. o A?ii?iac? (Eaiaaea) aoei a?aee?eoi /eoaeueith ?i.
O.A. Oaa/aiea. C’yaeythoueny oiaa?enoaa «I?ina?oa».

O 1903 ?. ii/aea aeoiaeeoe ia?oa a Eaiaae? aacaoa oe?a?inueeith iiaith
«Eaiaae?enueeee oa?ia?».

C 1912 ?. oe?a?ioe?a ?aaoey?ii ii/eiathoue iae?aoe aei i?ia?ioe?eieo
caeiiiaeaa/eo i?aai?a Eaiaaee. Oe?a?inuee? ai?a?aioe noai?eee
Oaaea?aoe?th Oe?a?inueei? nioe?ae-aeaiie?aoe/ii? ia?o?? a Eaiaae?
(OONAeI), ui aoea aaoiiiiiith /anoeiith nioe?ae?noe/ii? ia?o?? Eaiaaee

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