AEAeAAIE*A ?IAIOA OI?AA?NEOAONUeEEO IAOEIAEO ?NOI?E*IEO OIAA?ENOA
OE?A?IE (INOAIIss O?AOEIA O?O – II*AOIE OO NO.)
O ???e ???? O?O ? ? ?/?? OO ?. ? ????? O???, y? a??? ? ?e ?n ? ???
?????? ?????, ???th? ?????, ????-???????, ????? ? ????i-?????? ?????.
N?? ?o ??? ??o ???th? ?, ? ????ny ?e ??o ????? ???ao: ??????? ? ?????o.
O ?o ??o? ??a ??? ????a ????a, ?? iaee ?????ue ?????? ???? ?’y?e ye ?c
???iy??, ?e ? c ?????? ????e ???e, ????e ??????o ???, ???a ????th? ??e
????? ???e ? ???? ???, ???th?? ????y ???a, ???a, ?????. Aei ??o i???o
???a ?????i ???y? ????? ????? I???-????y ?e ??????? Na. A????a o E??
(?e? ? ?OIE), ????i-?????a ????? ?e O???ue?? ??????? (?? ? O?OO),
????i-?????a o????i ?e I???????o ??????? (?? ? ?OOIO) ? ????i-?????a
????? ?e ????? ?ycy A????? o I??? (?? ? ?OOI?). Aeey ????? ??? ???
ia’??? ?o o ??? ??o ???? ???e?? ?????” (?? ? I?O), ? ??oth? ?e oe?? ?o
????e ????? a ??? ?????? ? ?????????).
N???ith ???ith ?y???? I?O ?? ??y ????a ???, ????a ??????th ??y? ????th
????i-?????? ? ????i-??????? ??ue ??ae ????y O???. I???? I?O ?i?????e ?
?? ???????a, ? ?o ???th??? ? th?ae?? ??e ????????? ???? ?y? o ?????e
???. O?, ???i c §2 ?. 1 O?? N??o ?ae 6 ???y 1865 ?., ????a ????y
????????o ???? ?’???ue ???iy?ny ?ae ii????? ??o??i ??y?, a ????????ue ?
?? i????ny ? ?????? ??????e1. C???i, ? ? ?????ny ?i ??? ???? ? ??e.
I??iy ?i ?i?e ??????i ?????i ???, y?e ?a, c ??? ??, ?????? ??????ue O???
?i ?y???ue I?O, a c ???i – ???e ? ??o ????? ???? ??? ???a ????a, ???i
???o ae ? ???o ??? ???? ??????. I????ue ???y ? ???e ?? ??ue I?O ?? ?????
o ???? ? ?????? ????ii ???? ??oe. O ?o, ???a, ????y??, ? ???e?? ????ny
??i ????e: ?????? ??? ? ?????iy c ????a ?iy? O????a; ??? o O????? ????;
???a?”2, ??i ??, ?????e „?????? ???a, ?i’y?e ? ?i??o??3.
O ???iy?e ???????? ????a ?y???ue ???o I?O a ????e ???? O?O ? ? ???o
OO ?. ?? ?????a o ??o? A. O????4, I.E????5, I.E????6, A. I????7 ? ???io
???. I?????a ??oy ? ???th ?e???e ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?y?i ?????iy ???o
?????? ????? ?y???? I?O a ??o ??o ????????o ?????o ????a ??????? O???.
A?????i ? ??i, ???iy? ??? ??? ?: ??ey?? ???a ?????i ?????iy ????? ?y????
I?O ? ????e ?? ?????a ???? i?? ???a I?O o ???? ?????? ?n???? ??e.
I?oy?i ????? ???e O?O ?. ? aei 1917 ?. ?????? ????????i I?O ???y ????e
???i 6 ?????a o 113 ?i? ? ??? ?????o ???, o ?? ???: 24 ??e o 44 ??o ???e
a ?????? ???? I???-e????”, 21 ?i „N???a O?????i E???i-???????i ????”, 5
??a „A???a O?????i E???i-???????i ????”, 27 ??a „E???e E???i-???????i
???? ?e I??????i ??????”, 10 ??a „N???a E???i-???????i ???? ?e ????a
?ycy A????? a I??a”, 7 ??a „O??a I??????? i??a O?????i E???i-???????i
i???a”. O ?aey??? ? ???? ?????? ???????o ???yo ? ????? ???? ????? ???o
?OOIO ???o ???. O?, ?? ?? ????yth?, ? ? O????i ? ??? c 1890 ? 1916 ?.
??? 25 ??a „E????”. I? ??iny ??? ?????th ?i ?, ? ??ae ?????? A??e O????a
(?OOIO – I.I.) ??. N. A. A?????i ??? ???? ?i ????? (26-e)”8 ? ? 1916 ?.
????? ??? 27-e ?i ?????9.
A???? ?y???ue ????????o I?O ???? ???o ????? ???a. I???? ???i ???? ????
????a ?? ???? ??? ?o ???o ???a, ?, ????, ?o ???a, y? ?i?? ??a ???? ? ??,
? ????i. Oea ????? ?e ??, ? ??a ??a ????i ????a ?OIE ???e” ??? ??? o
1879 ?., a ??a ?oa o 1888 ?. I???y ???? ????? ??e ?? ???? o ????yo ????
?????e ? ?????? ???? ??? a ????e ???? O?O ?. I?? ??????, ? ? ?????? ???
?y? ??o ?????a, in??? ????? ??ey? ????? ??. O ????? ???? i??? ???? ????y
a ??o 200 ? 800 ?a., ?e?? ?ae ????a ????? ?y???? ??i???i O????a. I??????
???? ???a? ?????o ?? o ???? ???? ???e?a. Ia ??????e ?? ?? ? ???????ith
????th, ???? ????? ??ae o ????? ???? 200 ??????a, ? ???ath? ???? ?????a
? ??????a ???? ?????? o ?o ??????.
I??i ????? ????, I?O ???i ????i??? e ???????? ????o ????, a ??ae ????
????. O?, o 1892 ?. ? ??? O?OO ???? 300 ?a. ?y ???y ?????10, a o 1896 ?
1897 ??????o ?? – 400 ?a.11, ?OOIO o 1905 ?. ???? ???i? ??e (400 ?a.)
?ae I??i????i ??????o ? ???y ???a ????? I. A?ey???i12, o 1907 ?. ?y
???oy ????a ? ???y ?????” ?OOIO ???? 300 ?a. ?ae ???? ??a ?OOIO
A. I??a13, o 1909 ?. 100 ?a. ?ae ?? ???? ??a A. ??iy?? ? 200 ?a. a?ae
??a I. O???i14. I????th? ?? ????? ???e O?OO, ????i-?????? ????o O?????i
??????o ???a ?? ?y ???y 7-? ?? ?????, y?e ?a ??ay??e ????ith ?i’y? ????i
??????i ???? A. N????, 198 ?a., a ????y ??????o – 300 ?a.”15. ??? ? ???e
?????a ???????ny ???a ???? ? ????? ????? ???? O?a???i. O? ???y ?c ?OOIO,
y? ???a?i ? ????iy ???i ?? ????? 400 ?a., ???? ye ???? ?ae ??e??o ?????
???e O. O?????, I. E???????, I. A???? ? A. I???16.
I??, ???ath? ? ???? ????o ???a, ?y?? ???? ? ???? ????e, I?O ? ???o OO ?.
? ????i ???a ? ?????y ???? ????i? ?y????, a ??? I??? ????? ??e ? ??????
??e a ??????e ????? ????e ? ?e ???. I? ? ?n? ????ny o ???? ?????. I????,
?y?? ???? ? ?????i ?????” ?OOIO o 1914 ?. ????a 500 ?a., a ??????ue ???
– ???i 1500 ?a. ?e ???? ??? ?????a 7 ?a. 50 ?i. O????i ???a ?? ????e
?????e ? ????th ??th (5 ?a.), ???? ??????ue ?? ?????th ?y ????a I??17. O
1915 ?. ?OOIO ???a ?? ?a???y ? I?????? ???? ??? ?c ????iyi ?i ???y ??
?????? ???? o ??y? 2000 ?n. ?a. ?ey ??? ????a ?????? ? ?? ?????”18. O?a
????y ?ea ????a, c ??? ??, ?????e ?????i ??, ? ??a?e ye ?ae ???a
????????o I?O, ?e ? ?ae ??? ???yi ???? ??? a ??? ?e?yo, a c ???i ? ???i
????iyi ?i ? ??? ? ?????iyi ??? ??o. I?a??y I?O ???? ?? ???? ???? ?,
???th, ????e ?ith ????o ae?y???ue, ?? ?? ?? ? ???e ????ue ??? ??????
?y?? o ?o ??e.
O ? ???e, ?? I?O ? ?? ?????? ????a ?y ?????y ?????? ?????a, ?? ??????
?????th ?i ?ith ??? ? ????? ??? ?????o oa ?????? ???, ???a ????e ????,
??????? ????” ?i o ???yo ??? ?????o ?’???ue. O ?o ?????yo I?O ????i
?????? ??????ue O??? ?i ??? ?y???ue. Aeay? ?????? ???th? ???? c ??? ?i
e????ue ???a ? ??th ????n?, ?i ????ue ? ???? ????, ???? ????a. E?i ??,
??e I?O ?? ??o ????e ??? ??? ?i ??? ?’???ue o ????e ???. O?, I. C??a??e
??y?i 1873 – 1880 ?. o ??? ???yi?” ??i???a ??????ue E?? ?i ?y???ue ?OIE.
I??y ?? ???, ??y?i ????i ??, ?????th ?i ??ae?iy ?OIE ???? N. A???a; o
1881 ?. o ??? ??? ??? ??????a I. Ae???/. ?c 1883 ?. ????? ??????i ????y”
?? I. ????i, y?e ? ?? ????? ??a ?????e i’y? ???? ???a ?i ?y???ue O?OO.
I??i ??, ? ????th ?????? ??e I?O ?? ??o ??????i ??????y c ????yi ?, ?e
????, ???? ?? ? ?????. A?e?? ???i ?i? ? ???? I?O ???? ????y ???? ?e ?
?????? ???.
?????th ?i ?ith ?y???ue I?O ?????? ????i ? a ???? ????? ??o ???????a –
???????? ???ey?, ????o O??i??? ??????” ? ????yo E??e?-???????i ????a
?ycy A?????. A?????i ? ?????o ?????a, ????, ? ??????y a ????e???? ???yo,
????y c ?????a ???? O????a, a a y??? ????a ? ?o ? ?c ??? ???a, ???????
O????? ?y ???. Oe? ??? ???e ??ae ?????th ?i ?y???ue ?????o ???ue ????a ?
?????, ???a, ???a ??. *?? ??? ????e ??, I?O ????e ? e ??? ??? ???a ?c
?c???i ????o ? ????, ???o, ???a-ei??????a, a ??ae ? ???? ? ??????o.
Ae???? ????th ????????o I?O ??? ??a ???? ? ??? ??a: 1) ???? ????e ?
???y”, ?????, ?????, ?????, ??aeu”; 2) ??? ???y ????a ? ?????a; 3) ???
???y ???? ??ue.
O ??? ?? ??i ????iy ?????i, ye ?? ????i ??, ? ????i ???a ?y ??ey??i ???o
???. I??y ????y ?????? ????o ????e, ?i ???y ????? ?????? ???y i?? ??a
?????a. C???i, ? ?nue ???? ???? ????ny ?? ????ith ??th, ?? ???a ????
????, ?n? ? ???’y ?????y ????? ???o?, ?a c ????iyi ?????? ???.
A? ????? ???y I?O ?? ??a ???? ????o, ? ?iy?? ?y?o ??????. E?? ?i n???ny
c ?? ??? – ??? ?????” ? ??? ??????”. O????i o ???e ???? ?????ny ???e
O????a, ????e ????, ??? ??? ?i ?y???ue ? ??? ?? ???a, o ???e – ???ae?y
????e ? ??? c ?????, ??, ?????, ????o, ?ae???? ??. C??i, ??a ???a ???a
????iy ?y?i ??? ? ??? ????. I????, ?c 1910 ?. ?????a ???a ????? ?OOI?
???? ???ny ? ???? ????a: ??ie????”, ??’y? E. I. O????, ??ay?-???e ????,
?????e ????, ????? ????, a c 1912 ?. ? ? ? ??????? ????. Ia ?? 4 – ? ??e
???? ?OIE ????ny ??e ???e ??????, ?c 7 – ? – ???????y”, a c 15 – ? –
???? ? ?????”.
A??c ???o ?????a I?O ?????, ? ??? ???a ???? ????o ?? ??ay?? O???: ??
???ai, ????e ?????, ?????? ? ??????. I???? n?? ???? ??o, ??????o o
?????, ??????ny ??a ??????y ? ??? ??ii: o ???y? ?OIE – E???a, I????a,
I???y, o ?????” O?OO – N???i??, o ????y? ?OOIO – I???ue O???, o ?????”
?OOI? – ?????? ?????-?????? ????o c ????? *????e?. Oe? i?? ????i ????o
????ny ??? ????a ??i?? O??? ? ?????ny ?i ? ???? ????i ????o, ?i ? ??????
i???? ??y ? ?? ???i ? ??ayie. I? ???oth? ???? ??y? ????? I. A?????, y?e
????thth? a??i?o ????th a O??? o ???e ???? O?O ?., ???a ??ae ???, o y?o
i?? ?? ????e ????e c ????o ? ????? ?????, ???y” ?OIE ? ????? O?OO19.
???e ?????? ????a ???? ? ????? ????? ?????a??a. ??? ?c ???y? ????????
???ee, ? ????? ???? ?????a ????a ????? ? ?????iy c ????? ? ?????? ?????,
????? ?????, ?o????, ?????, ???, ??????.
I??? ???y ????????o I?O i?e ? ?? ???i-?????e, ?a ? ???i-?????? ????. I?
? ????ue ?e ??, ? „O?? I??????? ???” O?OO ? „N??? ?iy? A. I???” ??
??????? I???i ????i I?????? ???? ??? ?y ????? ????o i????o ????a.
I?????? ??? ??????i ?????? ??i ????o ????? ????a ???? ??o ? „I??? ?
????? ?????? e ???o ???” ? ? „I??u ?y??” O?OO c ??th ????iy o ??a????? ?
????? … ?????e, a ??ae o ?????e ?????? ?????a ? ????e, ??i ??, o ?????e
??? ???”20. A??????e ?????” ?a ???????e I??????i ??? ye ????? ????? ????
?y ??a ????o i????o ????a, ?????? ?????a, ????e ? ???o ???.
I????oth? ????? ????, ?????i, ? ???????? I?O ????e ?????o ? ????y??? ???
c ?????a ???? ?????. *?? I?O ???e, ? ??? ??y? ????? ?????i? ??e, ???a
??????, ? ?i????th c ?? ?ny??iy? ??? ??? ??????i ?????? ??a ????e ??i???
???????ue ???, ????e ?? ???y ???????, ???e ?? ???ny ???th ????th e
?????th. O ??o ??y? ?y???? ????? ????? ?ny?e ???o ???a, ??????e ??oi ??a
???? ??ue. Ae???? ????y ????a ? ???? ????? ?? e ????? ???? ?y????. ??
?????iy ?a’y?? ?c ????ith ????ith I?O c ?? I?????? ???? ??oe, ???o
???????a ? ????o ??a.
C?aey? ?????e ??? I?O ??a ???ith ?y? ? ????? ???? ?????a ??o ????
?????a, y? ???? ?n ????ny ?????e o ??? ???o. A??? ???o ??????o ??ue ??
??ay?? ????? O???: ?? ????, ????e ?????, ??????, ??????. I???e ????
?????ny ?i ? ???? ????i ????o, ?i ? ?????? ????i ??y, ??? ? ???a ?????a.
I???e ????? i???e ???? ? ??????? ???, I?O ??ey???? ?ith ?y???ue ?y?i
????iy ???o ???? ?????a ? ???? ??o ???o ???a. O ???? ??? ???o ?????i
????o ? ?????o ?? ? ???? ?y???ue I?O ?? ?n?ue ???ith ?y ??? ??????i
??????, ???? ??ae ????th?? c ?? ???i ???i, ?????th ?????th, ????th ?
?????th, a ??ae c ?????i ???i ??? ???a ? ???, ?i ??????? ?????e ??o
??i?th ? ?eue??, ? ?i ??i ??y? ???? ?????? ????????.
O ????? ??i ???? ??o ? ?????? a ???? ????? I?O ???? ??o ? ???? ?????a c
??e? ?????? ?????, ???a c ????? A?????, A??? ? ??? ??i.
AeAEA?AEA OA E?OA?AOO?A
1. O?? E???i-???????i I???a ?e E????n?i I??????i O?????a //E???ue
E???i-???????i ???? ?e I??????i ?e????a (?? – EEOIIO). – I.,
1890.-?ae. ?.-N. 5;
2. O?? I????i E???i–O??????? I???a ?e E???i–O??????i E???? ?. A?????
(12.03.1894) //N??? I????i E???i-???????i I???a ?e E???? ?. A????i. –
E., 1896. – O.1, ?ae. ?. – N. 5.;
3. O?? E???i–O??????? I???a ?e E?????? O????? O?????a //N??? O?????i
????-??e????? ???? (?? – NOEOI). – O., 1905. – O.14. – N. 62.;
4. O??? A.C. O????? ????-??????? ???? (1877-1919 ?.) //E??ey e ????.
E????????e ????e. 1979. – I., 1982. – N. 223 – 249.;
5. E???e I. I. ????? ????? I???-????y ? ?? ??ae o ?c??e ?????? ??e a
O??? //O????? ?????e ???. – 1995. – ?5. – N. 28 – 37.;
6. E???? I. A. I??i?? ????i–?????a ????? ? e?i ??? o ???? ?????? ?
*?????? //Ae?? *?????a ???a ???a ?????y c ?????? ?????? (???ue 1988 ?.).
O?e ????e. – *???a – I??i, 1988. – N. 98.;
7. I???? A.TH. O??i??a ????-??????? ????. A??u ?o??????ey. – O., 1999. –
288 n.;
8. I????e A. I. I?? i ?y????e E???i–O??????? I???a ?e E?????? I??????i
?????? ? 1915 ?ae //I????e A. I. I?? i ?n?y?e e ?y????e ?i. I???????
?????? ? 1915 a. – I., 1916. – N. 369 – 370;
9. Ae???? ??a I???? ???? (?? – AeAII). – O. 45. – Ii. 19. – N?. 705. –
A?e. 129 ?, 130 ?.;
10. N??a I. I?? i ?y????e O?????i ????-???????i ???? ? 1890/91 ?.
//NOEOI. – O., 1891. – O. 3. – N. ???;
11. I??u e ????u ????e ????-???????i I???a //O?? I??????? ??? O?????i
????-????/??? ????. – O., 1899. – ?i. 5. – N. I.;
12. I?? i ?y????e E???i-O??????? I???a ?e E?????? I??????i ?????? ?
1905/6 e 1906/7 ??. ?ae //EEOIIO. – I., 1910. – O. XVI. – ?ae. I. – N.
6.;
13. O? ??. – N. 9.;
14. I?? i ?y????e E???i-?????n?? ???? ?e I??????i ?????? ? 1908/9
//EEOIIO. – I., 1910. – O. 16. – ?ae. ?. – N. 12.;
15. N??a I.O. I?? i ?y????e O?????i ????-???????i ???? a 1893/94 ???. ??
//NOEOI. – O., 1894. – O. 6. – N. XIV;
16. I?? i ?y????e E???i-???????i ???? ?e E?????? I??????i ?????? ?
1889/1890 ?. //EEOIIO. – I., 1890. – O. 1. – ?ae. ?. – N. 9;
17. I????e A.I. A??? ??y.- N. 370;
18. AeAII. – O.45. – Ii.19. – N?.705. – A?.129 ?.;
19. A????e I. ?. C???iy ??ue o i’y? ??o. O.2: O????a ????? O?O – ?/. OO
?. – E., 1965. – N. 90.; 20. Oe????? ????e ?????e ??a O???. – O.2017. –
Ii.1. – N?.321. – A?.1 ?.
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