????
AeAEA?AEA I?AAA OA I?AAIAA NENOAIA CAII??CUeEI? N?*?
I?ae ???? ??a ??iy? ???? ????th ??o ??? ???o ?? ??a.1. ?????e ???? o
???e ???? ??? ??a ???yth? ?????? ?i i????ue ?? ? ??? ???? ???e (?e
??i-?????e ????e ???? ??e??? ? ????o, ???-?????e ???? – ?????-???? ?o,
???? ???????i ??a – ??e E??o, a ???? ?????i-??????i ??a – ???? ???, ???
??e ???? ??). N???e ???ae ????ue, ?, ????, a ????? ???i ?????? ??ith
??????ith ???ith ???ith ? ???a ????i-??????i ??a, ??a ??? ?? ???????ny a
?? c ??? ???? ???. A????y ???? ???? ??aie C?????? N?? ? ???ith ???th
c’y???y ???? c ???? ?o ?????y ???-?????? ???e a O???. I???? ?????? ??
?????iy ???? o ?o /?, ?? ?????iy ???iy?? ???? ???e ? a y?? ?? ? ???i
?a???? ?????o ???o ????th, ???th ???ith ??? ??? ? ?? ??i C?????? N??.
N???? ae????iy ?????? ???e ?????th?ny c???iyi ????o ? ???? ??? ???e, ye
a ??????, ?e ? a ????o ?????. O? ? ??a, ????ue ???? ?????ue ??a ?
C?????e N?? ? ??ey? ??ae ??th ?? ??ey?? ?? ???a ? ???o ??a. I?a, ?a??y?
??? ??? ?: c’y??? ???a ??a C?????? N??; ????e ???? ?a?? ??a C??????
N?/?; ?? ??????? ????e ???? C?????? N??.
Ae????ith ??? ?????? ?? ??ay?? ??? ???? ??????a, ye ???iy?o, ?e ? ?????.
O? ? AE.-A. O?? y XVIII ?. o ??e ??? ????n I????? ?i ????y ???a-??????
??? ? ????a ?? ?eyae ???a ? ??a ?????o ???a.2. O O?O ?. ?????ith ??a ?
C?????e N?? ??ay?? ?? i?? E. I???, A. N??????, I. N??a, Ae. ss?????.3.
N?? ???? ??????a, ??? ??atho?y ?????iyi ????? ??????, ??ae ????? A.
E?????i, ??? ???? ??o ? ?? ?????i ??a ? C?????e N??4; A.E. O???, ??
?????iy ???th ??th ??ay?? ?????o ? ?i????e ????5; ??ae ?????iy ?.
A?????i6; A. A??y7 ? E. A???y8. C??? ??? o ?????iy ??a ? C?????e N?? ???
N. E?????9. I??, ????e n??? ? ???? ??a C?????? N??, ? ?o ??yae, ?????
?????i ??e. C???? ?y? ????e o c’y???? ?o ?iy? ? ????a ?? ?c??a.
I?o ? ?a, ????i ????e ????ue ?iy?y ????? ??a. O? ?.A. O?i? ???, ? ????i
??? ?a ??ue ???? ???a, ? ???e ? N??10. I. I???? ??? ???? ??i ?????ith
???ith E??????th”11. O?? ??i, ??i c ??? ??a ? C?????e N?? ?? ??? ????
??i. N?a ?i, ????, ????? ???????ny ???? ??y ?????a. O? ? ??a, ??? ??i
??e ??? o ?????o ????y?yo (???a ??i???? ???)12. O?? ??i, ?????? ? ?e ??,
?, ??i ????? ??a, ???????e ? C?????e N?? ?????y e ???e ????e ???e, ?e??
?????? ????? (????ae, ?i o??ue ???a o ???o ????o ????y??) ? ???e ??a
?????? (??i I???? ? I???), y?i ???????e C?????? N?? ????i ?? ??????.
I???? ??? ??a ?????? ??a ?a?? ??? ????, ? ???th ??th ??a?i ? ????ue ???a
? ???e ???ee n??n (???a ???e ????a, ??????a, ????? ????o ? o.i.); ?oe
I??e ? I??? ?? ?????o ??i?i (?e, ????ae, ????e ??? A????a IV ??a 1632 ?.
??o – ??o E????, ??? ???iya ??y??iy ?y?? ???a c I??? ? ????? ???, ??i a
??? ?? ???iy?ny ??? ??e?a o O??y????e ???)13.
C??o ?? o ??? C?????? N?? ?????e ?? ???a ??a ye ???y ????? ?? ? ???y,
??iy? ???? ?y?i ?y?? ?????? (?a?e ????, ???a ? ??eyae ??? ???? ???).
I?a, ???a ??a C?????? N?? a?e ??? ???????e, ???a ??ae ?o ??a ???? ??
???? ??: 1) ???? ??? (??? ?????” ? o.i.), ? a?e ????? ?ae ??? ???a,
?a?????e y?o ? ???th??y ?????? n?? N?? (? ?????th? ???? ????iy ???a –
????a, ???????, ???ue? ? ?i.); 2) ?y? ?? ????? ??, ???a, ??e ?????i ??a
? ???? ??e, ??? ?????y na???? ????i ???” ???a14; 3) ???y ????? ??; 4) ??
???y??iy ???a ?y?i ?y?? ?????? (??i ??? ?y?o ??????a ????, ????? ??????
a ?c? ??ey? ???? ??? ? o.ae.); 5) ???i?? ????, ?a? ????e, ??? a???? ????
N?? c ???e ????e, ??? ???a o ??? ? o.ae.; 6) ??i ??????, ??a ?? ye
??????e a?? ? C????? N?/ (o o./. ? ??oe?? ????), ?e e ???????e ??a
(????a ????y ???ie ?y?o ???? ??); 7) ?????-???? ??, ? ????ny ????i ?i
????ith ???????th, ?? ??? ? N?? ?? ? ?? ???? ?????iy, ???? ??? ????y
?????i ? ???o ?????a, ? ???e, ? ?? ???ue ?i??e ??? ??a ? ?????.
Oe???th ?????th ?y?o ??? ??a ?? ??a ???? ????y. I????nth?a??th c ?o,
????, ?? ??. Ae??? ??a, ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??e ????ny ???? (????? ????,
?? ???ia). Oe???th ??ith ????y ?? ???a ?? ??eth??? (??i ?? ??? ????y
?????e ?y?, ???e?, ????iyi ??e ?e ???o ???? ?i ?????yi o ?e ? ???a).
Ae??? ??a C?????? N?? ??e ????eth??ny ??y? ????? ??a ????? ??? (?e ???i
? ??a ??n??i, ?????i, ?????i ??a). A ??? ????? ???? ???e, ? ??i C?i????
N?? ??ae ?? ??a ? ????? ?????. I????i ???iy ?? ???? ?ae ?n ???? ?an??,
?? ?????? ??? ??ith C?????? N?? ??? ???nth????y ? ?????? ???, ???????
I???. O?? ??i, ???ae? ????, ???a ??a C?????? N?? c ????? ??e ????
????????? ????o.
O? ? ??a, ???? ???iy c ??o ???? ??? ??a C?????? N??, ?????, ????
????i-?????? ???15, ??? ??? ???? ?????y ??i????e. C???y ????i ??ath
?ey?? o ??, ? ?i ???ny ? ??? ??a, ??i ??ya ????ith ??? ?????? ???? ?????
???e. E?i ??, ???oth? ????th?? ????ue ???a, ?a??e ??? ????y ?i ??????i
???? ??a, ???? ??? ????? ?? ????iy ??yae ? ??e ???? ???? ?y ?ia??y ??
???a. C????y ???? ???o ???a, ????, o ?? ?????? ???a, ???? a ??o??? ????y
?y ????iy ?? ????ue?? ??a ?e ?? ?????? ?a o XVIII ?????16.
A??? ??a ? ??i C?????? N?? ?? i?? ?????i ??a, ??i?i ???a ??a ????? ????.
O?, ????a ??i ?? ???? ?????, ?o?e ???ya ????e ??e ??????i ??a c ???y?
??y ? ????th ????o? ? ????? ????? (???, ????ae, ? ??o? ?? ? ?????a?ny
?ae ?n ??o ? o.i.); ?? ?i ? ??ay? ????????y ??? ? ?????ue17.
Ae????? ???? ???y? ???e ?e? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??a C?????? N??: 1) ????
??e, ???? o ???? ??a, ????i ?????y ????i, ???? ?? ?? ????? ? ia ??e
?????e ?? ???????e, ? ???? o ?????? (o ????o ???iy ?i ????a ????iy ??a
???e ??? ???a ????ny ????y? ? ????? ????)18; 2) ????i ???iy ??ae ??? ??a
N?? ???? ??????? ????? (???a ?????) ??e, ??? ??i ??e ???? ???? ? ?????y
????aey; 3) ???a ??a C?????? N?? ????i ??e ????e ??? ??a ????o ??? aai
????? c ?i o ????? (????? ????, ??a ??a ?????? – I??e ? I???); 4) ????ue
???? ?? ??? ????e ????, ? ?y?th??ny ??th ????th ????i ??ath, ? ????a ?
C?????e ????; 5) ???a ??a N?? ??e ?y? ??ae?e ?ae ????o ???? ?????a, ????
?? ????ue N?? ?? ?? ????a ye ???????? ?????y”. Oea ?y?th??ny ????? ?i, ?
N?/ ??i ?????y o ???? ???? ? ???? ?c E???? ????, ?ei? ?? ?ee ?????th
???th ????iy N?? (???ee ??? ???o ?????a ???? ??? ?ae ?y?e ?ey?, ??? ????
???? ???e O???, a ??i c ???? a??a ????? ?? ????a ???); 6) ????i ?a ???i
????? ?aae, ??i ?????a ??a ? ????eth??ny a?ae ????? ? ????. Oea ??y?
??o??? ? N?? ???? ??????a, ???? ? ?? ?????? ????o ???a, ??? ????y a
??????iyi, ??i ????yi ??? ??a. O? ? ??a, ?????ue ????? ?? ? ???ith ???th
??a ????? ??, ?? ?i ???i ????? ?? c’y??y ?a o XVIII ?. ??y? ??????
????th O.E. I???’?19; 7) ????ue ??? ??a C???c?? N?? ? ?????th ? ? ??i
i?a (??i o?, ?i ???? ? ?e ?????) ??a ???? ??ith??ny a ????? ?ae ?????
???i ?????i ??o ? ????y (?e ??? ??e ???e? ???e, ????ae, ?? ???? ????
A???????? ??i 1651 ??, ???y? ?c C????? i?? 1649 ??); 8) ???oth? ????y
???a ???? ??? ?????, ??a ???? ???? ?i ??????, ??a??? ye ???? ??? ?
C?????, ?e ? ?????e ??? ???? ???, ??i ???? ??a.
C’y???e ????ue ? ??????noue ??? ??a C?????? N??, ??ae ????e ???o ???o
????? ????. Ia ?? ??o, ???a ???a C????y y?y? ??th ???o ????i-??????i ??a
c ?y?? ???? ???-?????? ???? ???e, ?????? ??e ???a????e ????.
I???i ???? ??? ??ath, ye ?i??? ???a ????i-?????? ???? ?n??20: 1) ?????ue
(?e ????ue ???a ? N?? ??a ??th??ny ?ae ????o ?ny??a ? ????o ?ny??a ?ny/
??a, ?, ??e, ? ????ue, ? ? ?? ????th? ???a ??????i ???); 2) ????????e
????, ??i ????ue ? ? ?????th, a ? ??i ??a (?e, ????ae, o.c. ????a ???
???nth????y ?? ? ???a); 3) ??? ?’y?e c ?????e ????, ??y?ie; 4) ???????ue
? ???????ue ????iy (??i ??????, ?e???? C?????e N??); 5) ???a ?? ????
??ath, ??i ?? ???iy eth??ith ?????th ?i ??????iy ???ith.
I???e ???? C????y ?? ????i? ??ae ? aeay? ??? ???-?????? ???? ???e, ???a:
1) ???iy ??a??i-????i ??, ye ??? c ??? i??; 2) ???iy ??ath ???? ??a (???
???? ??? ????ny ??i ?c ??? ????? ??a); 3) ????y ??, ? i?? i??? ????y ??
o c?????o ???21 (??e, ?? ????? ??????? N?? ? ??th?? ??? ???a, a ?????y
?? ??????o ??????? ? ???? ???????).
I?a, ? ??? ????, ? ???a ???a C?????? N?? ?? ????i-o????? ????. O? ? ??a,
??? ???iy ??? ???a ??a ye ?????-i???e ?o (????i ?c ???? OVII ?.) ?? ????
??????, ? ?? ??a ????iy ???-?????? ???? ???e a O???, ??a ???/? ????a
n??? ????i-??????i ??a o XVIII – XIX ?., ???y ?????? ??????i ?a?. N?ae
??ae ?????, ? ?????? ??? ??a C?????? N??, ?????, ?ae??? ???o ?? o ?????
?????? ???? ?????.
I??????e ??y??e ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??i ???e ????iy ?? ???? ???? ?e
?????? ?a???y ? C?????e N?? ? ????? ??? ??a, ????? ?????iy ????o ???
????i-?????? ???e i?aa C?????? N?? ? ???-????? ??i? ???o O???, ????iy ??
????i-???? ???? N??, ????iy a ????i?o ???? ??? ? ?????? ????iy a O???
???-?????? ???? ???e o XVIII – XIX ?.
AeAEA?AEA OA E?OA?AOO?A
1. TH???a ??e???y. – E., 1999. – O. 2; 2
2. . O?? AE.-A. E???n I????? ?i ?n??y ???a-?????a. – E. 1994. – N.
179-181;
3. I????i A. E?ath?y N?ue// E???a ???e.- 1996.-15 ????a. – N. 14;
4. E????? A. Ea???a ??i: ?????? ??th?? a O??? a ??o ?????o. – *???,
2002;
5. O??? A. ????y ???e ? ??a O???. – Ae???????, 1998. – N. 59-74;
6. A????? ?. E???a ??i: ????e ?????// I?? O???. – 1997. – ?6. – N.
76-81;
7. A??e A. E???? n?// O????? ??o. – 1996. – ?1-3. – N. 20-21;
8. A???? E. N????i ? ?? ? C????? 16-17 ?.// O????a ????. – 1973. – *. 2
(24). – N. 15-19;
9. E????? N. ????y ???e ? ??a O???. – E??a, 1996. – N. 87-110;
10. TH???a ??????y. – E., 1999. – O. 2. – N. 567;
11. I???? I. ????y ???e ? ??a O???. – E, 2000. – N. 173;
12. Ae??n N. I??? ?n?e ??? ?????? ???a o ??????o ??? XVII ?./ I????e VI
An?????? ?????? ???? ????oe?? ????? ???? ?????o ? ???o??o ?? o ?????iyo
?????? ???”. – *???, 2004. – N. 146;
13. // O????? ????. – 1978. – ? 1-3 (57-59) – N. 40-51;
14. E??n ??? ?????a. // O????a ??i. – 1993. – 5 ???y;
15. O??? A. A??? ??y. – N. 81;
16. TH???a ??????y. – E., 1999. – O. 2. – N. 567;
17. ss????? Ae. ????y ?????o ???a. – E., 1990. – O. 1. – N. 261;
18. O??? A. A??? ??y. – N. 81;
19. I???? O.E. Ae? ?e??. – I., 1968. 20. E????? A. C???a ???y ???e ?
??a. – E., 1997. – N. 301; 21. O? ??. – N. 258-261.
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