NIOe?AEUeIA CAAACIA*AIIss N?IAE *A?AIIIA?I?EOe?A, ?A?OA
EIIO??AAIETHOe??” OA A?AEAIOe?A A OE?A?I? (1919-1922??.): ?NOI?E*IEE
ANIAEO
N??? ?oe????i ?????iy ? ????? ????ith ??????ith ??ith ??????iy ??????? ?
????? ???e ??????, y? a ?? ?? ??y? ????ith ?????ai ??, ??ith ? ??????
?????y. O??????iy ?????i ????? ???? ? ?????i ????? ??? ? ??? ?????-?????
???e, ?? ????????, a c ae??? ??, ???? ??e ??????? ????? ?y ????iy ?????o
?? ? y??? ??y???? ??y ??e? ?? eth?e.
O ?????e ????? ????o ?????i ?????iy ?????ny ?????i ?????ith ????th. A
?aey???e ???????? ??????th ?? ?? ?????y ? c???iy ?aey??? ??e, y? ?????
y??? ????th? ? ????o ???????? ??. N???? ??y??? ??y ????? ??, ???? ????
30-o ?., ????? ?? ??ith ?????a, a ?y? ???? (?eth??a ?????a ????a ???,
?????ue ???? ?? ??y, ???? ?????i-????? ???e ????? ??) ???? ? ??y?
?????o.
O?o ??? a 90-o ?. c’y??? ??? ???, y? ????thth? ?y? ???e ??i?? ?????i
?????iy a O???, c??? A.A?????, I.A.I????a ? ???1. I?ith ae?? ?????? ?
?????iy ???o ???ue?? ?????iy ??e ????????a, ??? ?????th??” ? ????a, ? ?
????th ???ith ?????iy c???? ???? ????iy ? ??????iy ???e ???ue?? ?????iy
a O??? a 20-30-o ?.
I?? ???? ??a ?????y, ?a o??? ???y??a ? ?????i-????a ???? OI? a O???, ???
? ?ny/ ????o ??? ??????n???” ????ny ???e ??o ????i-?????? ????o. O??i?
??? ???? 1919 ?. ??? ?aey??? ??e a O??? ??????? ?????iy n????? ???? ???o
*???? ???”: i?????? ???e, ?????? ????e ?aea??. O?, 15 eth?? 1919 ?.
???????yi ???o ??? ???? ????? 150 ?a., ?y ?th?o – 250 ?a., a ???i ???i
???? ????” c ????? 60 ?a. ? ??? ??a ?i’?2. C?????y ????????a a?????y a
??? ???i ?? ?????i ??, a ??? ??? ?? ??? c ????y? ?????a ??e ? ???? ????.
O???y ?????i ???o ????any ? ???????o ? ??eth?i ?????eo ???, a ??th?i
?????a ??? ??. 28 eth?? 1919 ?. ?IE ON?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??a ???? ?
???????y?, 30 ???y – ?? ?????iy ??? ????i-?ey??? *???? A??? o????y?, 28
??iy – ?? ?????iy ??e ??? ??? ??? ? ??o, ? ? ?????y c ???”3. N????? ???
? ??? ??a ??i ????yi ????????oe?a ????e ?i ???o ???o ?i ?o ? ?? ??th, ??
??????ue ? ?i ?????iy ?y??? ????y ? ?? ????y.
O???ae eth??-??iy 1919 ?. ?IE ON?? ??? ?e ???e c ??????e ???e – ??
?????iy ????????a oa ?o ???: ??? c’y??y 28 eth??, ??? – 30 ??iy, ???e –
26 ??iy. C??i ???i, ???i ????????a ????ny ?i??a: 100 ?a. ? ?ny? ?e ?y???
??ai ???????i ??a; 120 ?a. – ?e ??; 180 ?a. – ?e ??o; 240 ?a. – ?e ????;
300 ?a. – ?ae i’y? ? ???. ?o ???iy? ?ae ?????, ??o ??a ??????y, ??i
??????4. Ae??o ?ae 30 ??iy ??a’y??a ???? ??? ??? ? ??e ?????e ???? ????”
?i’yi ????????a c ????iyi ?e??? ???????, ?a ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???
?????. I????? ??iy 1919 ?. ????? ? ????yi, ??????o ? ?a *???? A???, ????
???? ?????o ???? o ?c?? ?????? ????o, a ?ey?i-???????yi 150 ?a. ? ???e
??e5.
Aei ???i ???o ?? ?????? ??????, y?? ??????y ?????iy ??e ????????a
?????ith ????th ? e????e. ?????y ? ???o ?ae 26 eth?? ?? ???iy? ?ae
?????, ? ???o ?ae 30 ??iy ??ae, a ??ae ?ae 28 ??iy, ?? ??i ?o ? ??????
?????6. A??o 1920 ?., ??i ?e ??y ???iiy ??????, ? A??? ?????ny 10 ?n.
????????a, ??? y?o ????? ????e ???7, ?? ?i ? ?a ????i ??????i ???o.
I??, y?e ???? ????i ?????a ???ay C??? (??a ????? ?ae IENC ?NO?? – A?.),
????a ??? ???/?, ?ae ????i-???? ???th, ?? ? ???a ????ny o ??e ???a
?ny??e ??????? ?????? ????i-?ey??? ??? ? *???? ???. IENC ON?? ???a ??o
???? ???a ? ?, u? ? ???? ??ae ? ??? ??? ???, ??i ???????e ????? ????
???.
*?????ue ??e ????????a, ye? ??y?? ?????o ?????ith ???ith IENC, ???? ?ae
?????? ?o ?y??iy ? ????? ??o ?y???a.
*?????ue ????????? ??e o ?n?o ??a o 2,5 ?? ?y??ny ??ith ?ae ?????
?????o, ?a ??? ??????a ???? ????a ???i – ????i-?ey??a ????iy. I????
????? ???ye?y c-??ae ???, ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ?n ?? ????, ?a ??? Ae???a
????y, o y?e ?????ny ???a ????? ????? ????????? ??i. Oea ??a ?y??e
????th ????i??th ?????? ??y ????iy ???y??? ??e, a ?o ???? ??? ?? o ????
????yo ????ith ???????th ????y (??? o ???o OI?, ?????? ???o ??). 30 ??y
1921 ?., ? ???ae?? ?????? ???? ???a ???, ? ??? ? ????y ?? ?ien??y
257.523 ??? ????????a, o y?o ?????ny 760.506 ??a9.
Aeey ??y???iy ??????iy ????????? ??i IENC ????? 5 ???? ?y?a. I????, ?
???i ????e ??a O??a, E???e, I??, O???a, N?e, 30-e?????a ??a ???i O???, ?
???i – E?????a, *???a, ? ???? – A??o, A???a, ? ????? – Ae??ue??,
A?aey??, ? i’y?? – N?????i, N?a’y?uee, a E?a – ?? any?? ?y??. I???? ????
?ae?? ???i ??a ? ?ny? ???ae.
I??e ?yn ???ny ??????, a ae??e ???? 90%, ???e – 85%, ????e – 75%, i’y?e
– 65% ???? ???10. I??, ??? ? ??e ?????ue ?????? ????a ???o 1921 ?.,
????e ? ?? ? ????i, a ?i ?? ???i ?????y ???e. A?? o ????o ????yo ??n
???? ????o ? ??o ??????i ?????iy. I????ae ???? ?????a ?????iy ??e
????????a, ?i ? ??ny o ????? c *????, A???, I????, E??????. 3 ??iy 1921
?. ?i ??a??a ?? ???y ?????? ???y?i: ?i ??o I?????a, ??y Aoa???????,
Ae????. I????y ??i ????????a ??????i. O???? ?????? ??-y? ??? ????a ?y
??? ??”11. O????a ?????a ?? ?e ?IE ON?? ???? IENC 30.000 ???a ?y ?????iy
??e ??i?????a ?? o ?o ???o, y? i????? ?ae ???12.
O ?? ???y??? ??e ??? ?oe????i ?????iy ??th?? ?ae ???: “A? ?y ??e
????????a!”. Oea ??i ?? ????? ???i, y?e ? ?a ????i ??????i ????iy. I? ?
?????y ?????? ????? ??? ??i ???????? ??? ???? ???a ?????i ?????iy, y?
????? ???a ?y ???? ?i’yi ????????a. Ae??? ??ae ????ny ??? ???e. Ca
???–ae??? 1921 ?. I????ae ??a 810.586 ?ae?a ???, 79.935 ??a ??e ?
131.800 ??a ???a, a ? ???? ??e ????e ???i 2 ??. ?a.13. C?????y ??i
????????a ????ny ??????i ?y ???e. ???a?th?, ? ? ??th?? ?????ue (?? ye ?
?????? ????? a ???? ???????o ???) ???o *???? A???, – ?????y a ??e c
?????o ??? ?i ??? ????? ??? ???a 1921 ?., – ?? ????th?, ? ????a ?????iy
??e ????????a ? ??? ?????ny ???iyi ?????? i????? ?????”14. I???????th
??ith ?o ??c???y ???e ???? ???. E????ue ??e ????????a a ??? ????a
90.547, a ????o ???o – 214.226, ?a IENC ???a ????e ??th ?????ue ? 30%,
??ath?? ? ????iy ??????i ????a ??e??e ??????y ??15. O?a ???a ?? ??i
??ey?ith ? ?????th. O 1920/21 ?. ?? 12% ??e ????????a ?????e ???i16, a a
??o ?i ?o ??? ???, ????ath? oy?? ? ???? ? ????e. I?n???e n???iy ????
????? ?????? c ??th ?????iy ??i ????????a ?y??ny ??ae ?? ??????i.
??????y ??a???, ???? ???, ????y y??-??? ??????a, ??? ??? ????i, – ?c??a
?. Oe???nue?e, – ???? c??? ?????? ? ???? ????a, y?o o ??? ???”17.
I????????ue ???o ?????a ?????o ? ????o ????a ???, y?i ???y ????e ?????
???e, ? ????? ????o ??? ?????i ?????iy.
11 ????a 1921 ?. ?e IENC ????y i?????a ??? c ??????? I????o, I???ath?
AOe?IN ? I?????, ? y?e e??y ?? ?i ???y ???? ???i /???????a a ??? ??.
I??a ???? ???? ???y: 1. a) A???, ? ?i’? ????????a, ??aey? c ????, ????o,
????? ? ??? ??, ? ?????? ?y ???? c ?o ? ?a? ?????? ?????, ???ey? c ?? ??
?????? ? ?? ???? ?y ??????? ?y???? ??o; a) A????e oe?? ??a???? ? ?????ue
?????iy ? ?? ???? ???????iy ? ???o ??????? ???y???? ?????, ??? ?? oy??
?o ?????iy ?? ?y? ? ?? ???a; 2. Ae???a ???a ????ny ??th?i ????? c ????
???; 3. a) A???, ? o ?’y?o c ???ith ???ith, y? ???a, ??????? ???e ? ???o
???o ???y ???? c ??’y??? ?????i ????a?yi ? ???e ???? ????; a) ??i??
?????iy ???i ?????? ???? ????o ???, ??i ???i ?ny?oe ?????? ????o ?y
????? ?i’? c 3-o ??a; 4. I????a ?????iy ??i?y?: a) Aeey ???? ????y –
?????? ??e ? ???th ??ith, ????iy ???i ? ???e ?????? ????e (i?????, ??oy,
?ya ??), a) N???i ?????iy ????? ????y, ??a ?o???? ???? ?? ?? ????i o
??y? ????? ????iy ????? ???? ???: ????? ? ??y?y? ???. Oe?? ?? ???i ??
?????? ? ??????e ?ii?? ???? ???a ??????? ? ??; 5. A??? ????? ? ???
???iy? ??? ????????a ?ae ??o ????o ????a, ? ??th??yi ??????, ?????? ?
??????; 6. A?? ?????? ?y? ?????ue ?????e ???a??? ?????o ? ???ye???ue,
??y???o ? ????iy ????a ??? ????????a; 7. C ??th ????? ??? ? ??? ?????
?????iy, ?? a?e ???? ? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????i ???? ?y?e18.
I??iy ??????i ?????iy ??oth?o ?????? ???a c ??th ?????iy ????????? ??e
??? ????? ????? ??, ?? I????ae ? Oe????a ???y ???? ???????yi, ?
???????ny ???e, ????? ? ?????ie ??e, ???? ????? ??????” ? ????yo ????.
Aei ??? ??? ????ny ? ???? ??? ??e. O?, ??? 1921 ?. O????? ??????e ???a
???o – ??????a (?????e ???o ?????????i ??????), ??? ca??ny ??????????i
?????? (?ya, ??? ??a, ????ya ???, ???????e ????, ?????? ????? ? ???th).
Ia ?? ????? ????? 9195 ??e ??? *???? ???, c ?o ??? ?????ith ae???o –
7828 ??iai: ????i 1478 ae?. c??, ????? 1066 ?????a ??, ??? ???i 5295
??a, 59000 ???ue ??e ?y ????, 7070 ????a ??, 376 ???a ??, 126 ??i
?????e, ??????? ???? ?y 83 ??e, ???? 971 ??a ???? ???? ???, 178 ??a ???
?y ???? ??? ? ???? ??e ? 266.234 ?a.19. IENC ? ????? ???? ????e ?????
???? ?i’yi ????????a, ????oth? ?o o??i, ???th, ?????, ???????? ?????e20.
A??? ???? ?? ???ith, ?? y?? ? ????iy? ??? ??? ?i??? ?????, a ????? ????
?? ????e ????, ?? ? ?????a ?? ? ?????iy ?y?. O???ae ??? ???? 1922 ?.
I???e ??????e ??a ???? 589 ???i ????????a ? 366 ???? ?c ??e, a????e 295
??a ???, 24 ?? ???i, 24 ?? ???, a E???????? ??????e ???a ??????iy
???????ue?o ??e ? 65%, ?? ? ????i ???a21. Ca 1921 ?. C?????e ??????e
?????a 2545 ?ya? o ??? ? 8375 ??e a ?????22. Ia I???? ???? ??e ?y ??e
????????a ??? 782 ???i c 1395. A a E?????? ??? ??? ??y? 22 ?n. oa 2233
?n. ii ?????, ?? ? 800 ??a ???a, ????? ?ae I?????, ?c??? ??y?i ?nyoey
???? ? ??o ??? ? ?? ??o23. Ca ????i ??i? a I???????? ??? ??? 2475 ??i, a
a I??????o ??????? 9203 ?i’?, ?a ?? ? c’y?y?ny ? ???? ??ii, ?? ? ?i ?a
????24. A I???e ?????, y? ?? ???a ???i, ?????ny 1 ??iy 1922 ?. 7245 ??e,
?a ?o ??????e ????i o ???th?o ???o – I??, A?????, O????25.
I???e ?y ?????a ??e ?? ?i?????? ????iy, ?/ ? ???a, ?a ???a. Aei ?o
???ey? ???? ???e ??? ????? ??e ? ????????. 1 ??iy 1922 ?. a ON?? ?y? 342
???? aeey ?????a, o y?o ????? 19548 ??a, o ?? ??? 3872 ?????a ??e26. Ca
??? IENC, o 1921 ?. ?? 369 ???a ?y ?????a, o y?o ?????ny 36082 ??e, c ?o
o ????yo ? ????o ??????o ??th?ee 987, a a ON?? ?? ?? ??ae 184 ?n. ?????a
??? ? ??e27. C??a ???a ????o ?????????a, y? ?????y ???, ? ???? ?ya ?
????iy ???e, ?? ? ? ??? ? ?n?? ? ???e, a ?????a ???? ?aey???i ??? ??????
??th ????ue. C ???i a?o ?IE ON?? ua o ???? 1920 ?. ????a ?????iy28, ??
?ny?e ?ny/ ??e ???? ?? ???. A??? ???? aeey ?????a ? ?? ????i ?a?iiy,
?????iy ???ith, ?y?i, ?????i ????iy. I????, a I???e ????? ?e????ny
?????a *???? ??? – 663, ??? ??? – 273”29, y? ???? ???th, ?a ? ????? ??.
A O???, ? ?y? 11 ????a ?y ?????a, ???? ????e ??????y 78 ?????a *???? ???
? 135 ????” ???30, ??i ? ?o ???ey? ????? ? ???o I??? ????? ? ???y???
??i.
A????a ??? ???o 20-o ?. ? ?????e ??ae, ??? ??? ????i ???? ????? O???31,
????i ???? ? ??????iy ???? ???e ?????i ?????iy. I?????? ???? ? ??eth???
??n, ????? ?y ???o ?? ?????y, ??? ???? ??????-??????o ??e o ???eth??yo ?
???? ??a?o ???? ???a ????? ??e. N???, y? ?????a ??y? ????? ???? ? ?????
???e ?i ????? ??ea ??????? ?? ??. O???ae ??? ???? 1922 ?., ?? a ??? ???a
?y?e?y ????, ??? c’y?y?ny “????????” ?????, ?i ? ??ny o i?????o ???yo32.
9 ??iy 1922 ?. ????y I?????i ?????? ??????a ? ?????th ?a??a, ?? ? ?o
????? ? ????y ???? ???a ??e33. Ca ?e ? ??????y ??, ??i ?n?th 1920 ?., ??
??e?? E????i ?????? E???ue ?y?a: “A??th ????? ?????? ??c ???, ??ye ?i ?
????iy? ??o ?????o ??? ? ?? ???? ????o ?aey??i? ???34. N????i-??????
????e ??e ? ??eth?? ?y??ny ???????e, ??? ??? ? ???? ???e IENC ? ?? ????
???a ?o ?? ? ????. A?a, ??i ??? ????e ????y, ??i??a ???? ?oyi, ???i,
?????i, ?i’yi ????????a o 1921–1922 ?.35.
Aei ????? ????? ????y, y?e ??? IENC ???? ?????o ????, ???? ???e
?????th?? ? ??e???. Aeey ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????i ?????? ?????e
?????” (??? ???i ?????th?e – A?.), a ??ae ?e ?n??o ???o n??o. E?i ?????e
?? ????? ?aey??? ???a ? ??? ??e ????y. O ??? 1919 ?. ??????e IENC ??a
??a?? ?y ???a I.?.C??? ?i ????? i???e ?????y *???? ??? ? A???, ? ??????
?aey??? ???e ???y? ??c ?? ? ?a ????i a??th?”36. A???e ????? ???? IENC 9
??iy 1920 ?. ??? ??o ? I????-C????i o??o ?i ???y ?????? ???? ???a??? ??
? ?e A???, I???y, E???e, *?????e, E???i????, O????e c ??th ?????iy ??
?????? ? ????? ?oy?a37. A???? ?????i ?????iy ? ?????? ?????? ???a, a
i???e ???? ???? ???? ???i ?????o ?????, ????????i ??? ? ?????eth??, ??i
???o ????th. A?a ????ny o ?? ??? ???????, ???a ????iy, ??a, ??a, ???.
????e ?a ?? ????: ????? ? ??????. I?? ??????y ???yi ????a ????iy, ?y?,
??a – ?????yi ? ?????? ????a, ????iy ???e, ??????i ????yi38.
O ??? 1920 ?. IENC ????? ??e ?????i ?????iy ??e – ??????i?, ???? ?
?????o ????th ?????a”, y?i ???? ????, ????? c ???????a ?NO (???o ????o
????a – A?.), ?a ? ???? ???a c????? ?????e ?????39. N????o ?????a, y? ??
??? ??????, ? ???i???, ??? ?? ???ny ??th?i ?a ??th”. Aeey ???? ? ?????e
??? a ??” ?ae??e ?????o ???? ? ???? (?ae 10 ? 20-???? ?ny?? ????e), a
???o ???? ? ???? ?i?e40.
16-22 ??iy 1921 ?. ????y ??a A??????a ??? ??????, y? ??ey?? ??i????? ?
??????? ???? ???? ?y????. A?a ???a ????i ????y ??????i-??????o ?? ?y
??????i ???????iy ??? ????? ??????. A??a ?? c’y??? ?iy?y ?????” – ??????
???e ?????iy ? ???? ? ???? ???e ?? c ??th ????? ? ????”, a ??ae ??y?y ?i
?????th?th a ???? c????” – ?????? ?ae ???y ???????? ???, ???? ???? ???e
c ??th ?o???y ??e, ???e ????? ? ??????o ???”41. Aeey ??????o ??e I????ac
?????a ?????, ???a ???? ????, ?a ????? ???? ????iy ?i ?o ? ????
I????????a’y ? I????.
I?a, ?aey? c ????i-???o ??, y? ?? ????? ? ????? ??? ?????th??”, ????
???? ????iy th? ??????o ??e ?y??ny ???e, ????-e?????e ????i. E????ue
???? ???” ????ue ?i ????o ?? ????-??eth??? ??????a a ??????o ??????.
I???iy?y ??? ????? ?e n????i ? ????i ??i-?????o ????th a O???, y?, ??i
???, ???a ?????o ????? ????a ??y ??? ????? ? ???y??? ??i. A??e 1921 ?.
I????? ????y ??? ?y??e eth?e, ?? ??? o I????? ???? 40 ?n. ??i ???e, 462
??? ??a, 186 aeth?i ??e, a ??ae ??ae 400 o?. ??a ???? ?y ????y ??????
???a42. O ?’y?o c ?i ?????? ??? ????y a?????ith ?y???th, ?????yi ????? ?
???????, ????yi ????? ???e ? ??????o ????a. A???? ???? ???? ?????th??” ?
?????? ??? ??????y ????i ??a, ??yth?? ? ?????o ?? ???? (?????y ??a, ???y
?y?, ????y, ?????y ??e ? ?????? ????a). ?????? ????y ? ????? ? ????
????, ?a ???y ???? ???? c’y???? ?????a ???y c ??????a ?????o, ???a, ????
? ????o. A?-?? ?????? ?? ??????e ?ae ?th??? ???? ????? ??e ? ??????
????? ??????, ? ?th? ???o ???a.
Aey??iyi ??? ?????th??” ????y ???? ????, ??ath?? ? ?????th ?y ?????o ?
????o ???e ???? ???i ?????th??”, ??? IENC o ???? 1919 ?. A?e ?? ? ???
?????i ???? ????? ????y: ?aey??? ??????a , ???a ???? ? ????i a??????,
??i ?????o c ??? ???a?????? ??”, ????? ????a c ???a, ????? ??????y?,
????? ???a??a, ???? ????a ??a ? ??43. I???? c’y???? i?ya ?????? ????.
Aei ????o ?????? ???? ??? ???: ? ????o ?????o ?????a, ? ?????? ??e ?
????? ????iy, ? ?????iy ?y?i ? ??oyi, ? ????y ??ue o ?????o, a ??????
????, i????o, ? ????o ??????, ? ????y, ? ?????y ?c????? ? ?????i ??y?, ?
????a? ????, ????, ??e, ? ??i ?c a’y??ue (?????y ??), ? ????y ??o ???a
???. C???e ???? ??eth?ea Oe????a ei??y ???? ???? ?????th?? ?e IENC ON??,
y? ? ???? ??? ? ???e, ?c ???? ??????? ? ????? ??????. Aeey ??, ?a c’y???
???o ?????th??”, ?? ?? ?????e ? 39 ????: ????a, ?e, ???, ?, ?ee ? ye
?????, ? y?? ???? ???a, y? ????o ??? ?a, ??? ????? ????e, ????y, ?o,
???????ue, ???a ????iy, ???? ??, ?ny? ???a, ????a ????a ???a ? 1917 ?.,
??ae ?i’?, ????ue ??????? ?ui44.
O????y O??? ?y??ny ??i ? ?? ?????i ????y?y ??? ???e oa ?????, a ??ae
??ith ????? ?e, ???th? c 1914 ?. ? ? ???? ??? 1920 ?. O? ????? ?ny?e
?ny/ ????a, y?o ??????? ??? ????? ?ee, a ???a ?????? ???, ?????
???????ue, ????a ????iy ? ???? ?? ????a. I???? ????ue o???y ?ae ????o,
??a ?ae ????, ae?? ?ae ???-?????. I???a ?????i ?????iy ????a ??? a O??i?
1919 ?. ??e ?????? ?????, o?o ? ?? ?? ? ???? o ??ethae??o ???, ???? ?
???, ?y??ny ??aith ????th. 17 eth?? 1919 ?. ?IE ON?? ??a ??? ?? A???
O????o E???th o ???o ????o ? ?????, y? ????a ? ?? ???? ????o ???a, ??
????th? ?? ????? A?????a Oe????a E???y45. AOE o ???o ????o ? ????a ?????
o 1919 ?. a E??, y? ?? ??? ??????o ????o, ???iy ? ??. A?a ????y ??????th
????????? ??yi c-? ?ae ?NO??, ????ith ???? ????? ? ???, ??th? ??ey?
????: ?????iy ?i????, ???y ????, ????iy ???? ?????a ?y ???????? ?????,
?????iy ??? ? ???????yi ? ?????o. AOE ?y? ye ?????a ???? o ??? E?????o c
????? ??a, ?th? o ????yo ?? ?????o ????a, a ?? ??th?a a O??? A. E????i.
4 ???y 1919 ?. ????y ????????y ??o ?????? ??????, a 15 ???y ?? ???? o
???y???iy I?????o, ??? ?????iyi ????a ????ny ???e ????o ???a ? ???, ???
??th?a ??? AOE ??y?i ???y–??iy 1919 ?., a ???? ?ith ??? ?? ? ???o ??iy
1919 ?.46 ???i ???o ?IE ON?? ?ae 4 ???y 1919 ?. IENC ??a ?????? ???: 75
?a. ?e ?y??? a ?i’? ??? ???????i, 100 ?a. – ?e 2-o, 150 ?a. – ?e 3-o ?
200 ?a. – ?e 4-o ? ???47. I????? ????a ?oy? ????, ???? ? ??? ???? ?y
?????iy ?????i-????o ??? ????a, a ????? ???, ?????iy, ??????? ?y????
????y ?????? ????e. I?y?e ??? ??a ???th ??????ny ??????th ?116” ?ae 21
??iy 1919 ?. IENC ON??, yea ??a? ????? ??? ??ioey – ??a, ? ????ny ?c ??y
n?? ?????i ????iy o ?’y?o c a??ith ? ??a’y??ny ?????y ? ???a??48. A?i
??a ?y? ?i ????, a ??ae c??? ?????” ?i ??? ??i c ??iith ? ??, ??? ? ?a
???o ? ????a ????iy a O???, y?i, ????i, ? ???a ???y??a. Ia ???i ???y ??
???? ???? ???, ? y?? ????? ?ny? ? ?? ????i-????? ????.
O?? ??i, ??? ?????i ????a?y ???? ???? ?????o ???? ???????yi, ???i ?i’yi,
????i ????????oeyi ???? ???”, ???? ?????th??”, ????i ? ???yi.
???a ? ?????
1. A????i A. O ???o ????? ????e. – E., 1995. – 191 n.; I???? I.A., I????
I.O. I?????y ?????i ?????iy ? I???? ? ?/?? 20-o ?. OO ?. // I??? ???e
A?i???? ????? ??????i ??????o ?i. I. E?th????i. N??y: ????y. A?. VI. –
A???y, 2003. – N.157–162;
2. O???e A.A. I????? ??????iy ???e ?????i ?????iy a O??? 1920–30-o ??a:
?????e ??eo // O? ??. – N.63–67; 2. OeAeAAI O???. – O. 348. – Ii. 1. –
N?. 9. – A?. 36;
3. Ec??ey A.?.E.I O.N.N.?. – 1919. – 2 ??a, ?58; 30 a??y, ?30; 28 ethiy,
?77;
4. E???y A.?.E.I O.N.N.?. – 1919. – 26 ???y, ?56;
5. Ni???? ?????a. – 1919. – ?2–3. – N. 96–99;
6. Oai ??. – N. 103–106;
7. OeAeAAI O???. – O. 348. – Ii. 1. – N?. 127. – A?. 29;
8. Oai ??. – N?. 247. – A?. 55;
9. Oai ??. – N?. 265. – A?. 3;
10. O? ??. – N?. 223. – A?. 22;
11. Niy?a ??e ??????? n ?n. ????y // A??? ?????i ?????y. – 1921. – ?1. –
N. 37;
12. O? ??;
13. Oe????? E. I?e ?ae?e (e ???o ? ?????e ??e ???????) // O? ??. –1921.
– ?2–3. – N. 8;
14. O? ??;
15. O? ??. – N. 9;
16. O? ??. – N. 10;
17. O? ??;
18. O???. E ???o ?????y ??e ??????? // O? ??. –1921. – ?2–3. – N. 40;
19. O? ??. – N.41;
20. OeAeAAI O???. – O. 348. – Ii. 1. – Ni?. 175. – A?. 5;
21. Ia ??? // A??? ?????i ?????y. – 1922. – ?8–11. – N. 59, 61;
22. Ia ??? // O? ??. – ?1–3. – N. 28;
23. Ia ??? // O? ??. – ?5–7. – N. 39;
24. O? ??. – N. 41;
25. O? ??. – N. 42;
26. OeAeAAI O???. – O. 348. – Ii. 1. – N?. 40. – A?. 4;
27. E??? E. N??y?a ?????i ?????y a O.N.N.?. a 1921 a. // A??? ?????i
?????y. – 1922. – ?4. – N. 17;
28. OeAeAAI O???. – O. 348. – Ii. 1. – N?. 163. – A?. 1;
29. Ia i??o // A??? ?????i ?????y. – 1922. – ?5–7. – N. 39;
30. O? ??. – N. 40;
31. A?? 1921–1923 ??a a O???: C??? ?????a ? ?????a – E., 1993;
32. I ?????? e ??e????a // A??? ?????i ?????y. – 1922. – ?4. – N. 3;
33. OeAeAAI O???. – O. 348. – Ii. 1. – N?. 40. – A?. 2;
34. O? ??;
35. N??u e ??ae // A??ee ?????i ?????y. – 1922. – ?4. – N. 33–34;
36. OeAeAAI O???. – O. 348. – Ii. 1. – N?. 10. – A?. 13–14;
37. O? ??. – N?. 202. – A?. 34;
38. O? ??. – N?. 178. – A?. 15–19;
39. O? ??. – N?. 223. – A?. 4;
40. O? ??. – N?. 222. – A?. 20;
41. I???? ???a e ????e // A??? ???ue?? ?????y. – 1921. – ?1. – N. 28;
42. OeAeAAI O???. – O. 348. – Ii. 1. – Ni?. 247. – A?. 56;
43. N????a ?????a. – 1919. – ?1. – N. 32–36;
44. O? ??. – N. 32–33;
45. O? ??. – N. 58–59;
46. O? ??. – ?2–3. – N. 75–76;
47. E???y A.?.E.I. O.N.N.?. – 1919. – 4 ??ey, ?12; 48. N????a ?????a. –
1919. – ?2–3. – N. 84.
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