I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE
Aa?aee/?anueeee iie?oaoi?/iee eieaaeae
EIIO?IEUeIA ?IAIOA
c i?aaeiaoa “Eiii’thoa?i? ia?aae?”
(aa??aio ?4)
Aeeiiaa:nooaeaio a?oie Icn-504
Ai?ieie/ I.I.
Ia?aa??ea aeeeaaea/:Eic?e A.TH.
i. Aa?aee/?a
2007 ?.
1. (4). Oa?aeoa?enoeea iniiaieo ia?aaeieo oiiieia?e
Eieaeuei? ia?aae? neeaaeathoueny c e?ioeaaeo ? i?ii?aeieo i?eno?i?a, ui
c’?aeiai? eaaaeueiith nenoaiith. Ieae/a iiaeaii iniiai? iiiyooy:
Aocee (nodes) – e?ioeaa? i?eno?i? oa i?ii?aei? i?eno?i?, ye? iathoue
ia?aaei? aae?ane. Aei ieo a?aeiinyoueny eiii’thoa?e c ia?aaeieie
aaeaioa?aie, ye? iiaeooue aooe na?aa?aie, ?iai/eie noaioe?yie, aai, ?
oei, ? ?ioei iaeii/anii; ia?aaei? ia?eoa??ei? i?eno?i?: i?eioa?e,
ieioa?e, neaia?e; ia?aaei? eiioi?eaoe?ei? i?eno?i?: iiaeaie, iiaeaii?
ioee; ia?o?ooecaoi?e.
Eaaaeueiee naaiaio – a?ae??cie eaaaeth, aai eaioetha, yeee neeaaea?oueny
c a?ae??ce?a eaaae?a, ui aeaeo?e/ii (iioe/ii) c’?aeiai? iaeei c ?ioei ?
caaacia/othoue c’?aeiaiiy aeaio aai a?eueoa aoce?a o ia?aae?.
Naaiaio ia?aae? – noeoii?noue aoce?a ia?aae?, ui aeei?enoiaothoue
caaaeueia (iiae?ethaaia) na?aaeiaeua ia?aaea/?.
Ia?aaea (eia?/ia) – noeoii?noue aoce?a, ui iathoue ?aeeio nenoaio
aae?anaoe?? o?aoueiai ??aiy OSI. I?eeeaaeaie iiaeooue aooe IPX-ia?aaea
aai IP-ia?aaea. Eiaeia ia?aaea ia? naith aeanio aae?ano, yeith
iia?othoue ia?o?ooecaoi?e aeey ia?aaea/? iaeao?a i?ae ieie.
Oia?a (cloud) – eiioi?eaoe?eia ?io?ano?oeoo?a c iaeii??aeieie ciai?oi?ie
?ioa?oaenaie, iiae?iaeoe? i?aai?caoe?? yei? aei oaaae ia aa?ooueny.
I?eeeaaeii oia?e iiaea aooe i?nueea-i?aei?nueea-i?aeia?iaeia oaeaoiiia
ia?aaea: a aoaeue yeiio ?? i?noe? iiaeia i?aeeeth/eoe oaeaoii ?
ca’ycaoeny c aoaeue-yeei aaiiaioii.
Ca niiniaii aeei?enoaiiy eaaaeueieo naaiaio?a ?ic??ciythoue:
Aeaiooi/eia? c’?aeiaiiy (point-to point connection) – i?ae aeaiia, ?
o?eueee aeaiia aoceaie. Aeey oaeeo c’?aeiaiue a iniiaiiio
aeei?enoiaothoue neiao?e/i? aeaeo?e/i? oa iioe/i? eaaae?.
Aaaaoi oi/eia? c’?aeiaiiy (multi point connection) – aei iaeiiai
eaaaeueiiai naaiaioo i?aeeeth/a?oueny a?eueoa aeaio aoce?a. Oeiiaa
na?aaea ia?aaea/? – ianeiao?e/iee aeaeo?e/iee eaaaeue (eiaen?aeueiee
eaaaeue), iiaeeeaa aeei?enoaiiy ? ?ioeo eaaae?a, a oiio /ene? iioe/ieo.
C’?aeiaiiy i?eno?i?a a?ae??ceaie eaaaeth iaeei ca iaeiei iaceaathoue
eaioethaeeiaei. Iiaeeeaa i?aeeeth/aiiy aaaaoueio i?eno?i?a aei iaeiiai
a?ae??cea eaaaeth iaoiaeii i?ieiethaaiiy.
Ca’ycie i?ae e?ioeaaeie i?eno?iyie, ui i?aeeeth/ai? aei ??cieo
eaaaeueieo oa eia?/ieo naaiaio?a, caaacia/o?oueny i?ii?aeieie nenoaiaie
– aeoeaieie eiioi?eaoe?eieie i?eno?iyie. Oe? i?eno?i? iathoue ia iaioa
aeaio ii?o?a (?ioa?oaen?a). A caeaaeiino? a?ae oiai ia yeiio ??ai?
iiaeae? OSI aeei?enoiao?oueny aeaiee i?eno??e, aiie eeaneo?eothoueny
ianooiiei /eiii:
Iiaoi?thaa/ (repeater) – i?eno??e o?ce/iiai ??aiy, ui aeicaiey? aeieaoe
oiiieia?/i? iaiaaeaiiy eaaaeueieo naaiaio?a. ?ioi?iaoe?y c iaeiiai
eaaaeueiiai naaiaioo a ?ioee ia?aaea?oueny iia?oii, aiae?c ?ioi?iaoe??
ia aeeiio?oueny;
I?no (bridge) – can?a ia’?aeiaiiy naaiaio?a ia?aae, ui caaacia/o?
ia?aaea/o eaae??a c iaeiiai naaiaioo a ?ioee. Eaae?, ui i?eeoia c
iaeiiai naaiaioo, iiaea aooe ia?aaeaiee, a ?ioee aai a?aeeeiooee
(o?eueo?iaaiee). ??oaiiy i?i ia?aaea/o eaae?o aai eiai o?eueo?aoe?th
i?eeia?oueny ia iniia? ?ioi?iaoe?? 2-ai ??aiy.
I?no IAN-i?ae??aiy (IAN bridge) aeicaiey? ia’?aeioaaoe naaiaioe ia?aae?
a iaaeao iaei??? oaoiieia??;
I?no LLC-i?ae??aiy (LLC bridge), a?i aea o?ainethth/ee i?no, aeicaiey?
ia’?aeioaaoe naaiaioe ia?aae? c ??cieie oaoiieia?yie, iai?eeeaae
Ethernet – Fast Ethernet, Ethernet – Token Ring, Ethernet – FDDI.
I?no iiaea aooe eieaeueiei, a?aeaeaeaiei, ?iciiae?eaiei. Eieaeueiee
i?no, oea i?eno??e c aeaiia, aai a?eueoa ?ioa?oaenaie, aei yeeo
i?e?aeiothoueny naaiaioe eieaeueieo ia?aae. A?aeaeaeai? iinoe –
c’?aeiothoue naaiaioe ia?aae, ui cia/ii a?aeaeaeai? iaeei a?ae iaeiiai
/a?ac e?i?th ca’yceo. Aeey ca’yceo a?aeaeaeaieo naaiaio?a iinoe
anoaiiaeththoue ia?aie, ii iaeiiio i?eno?ith ia eiaeiiio e?ioe? e?i??.
?iciiae?eaiee i?no yaey? niaith noeoii?noue ?ioa?oaen?a aeayei?
eiioi?eaoe?eii? oia?e, aei yeeo i?e?aeiothoueny naaiaioe ia?aae, ui
c’?aeiothoueny.
Eiiooaoi? (switch) ae?oaiai ??aiy (MAC oa LLC) aeeiio? ooieoe??, ui
aiaeia?/i? ooieoe?yi iino?a, aea aeei?enoiao?oueny aeey naaiaioaoe??,
oiaoi ?icaeooy ia?aae? ia a?eueo iaio? naaiaioe c iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy
i?iioneii? caeaoiino?. ?ioaeaeooaeuei? eiiooaoi?e aeei?enoiaothoueny
aeey iiaoaeiae AEI.
Ia?o?ooecaoi? (router) i?aoeth? ia o?aoueiio ??ai? aoaeiiii? iiaeae? ?
aeei?enoiao?oueny aeey ia?aaea/? iaeao?a i?ae ia?aaeaie. Aiie
i???ioothoueny ia eiie?aoiee i?ioieieueiee noae; aaaaoi i?ioieieuei?
ia?o?ooecaoi?e iiaeooue ianeoaiaoaaoe aeae?eueea i?ioieie?a.
Ia?o?ooecaoe?y aeeiio?oueny ia iniia? ?ioi?iaoe?? 3 ??aiy a caaieiaeo
iaeaoo. Ia a?aei?io a?ae iiaoi?thaa/?a oa iino?a i?i ia?o?ooecaoi?
a?aeiii aoceai ia?aae?. Eiaeai ii?o ia?o?ooecaoi?a ia? aeanio ia?aaeio
aae?ano, ia yeo aocee a?aeneeathoue iaeaoe, ui i?ecia/ai? aeey ?ioeo
ia?aae
2.(18). I?eioeeie aeeiai?/ii? ia?o?ooecaoe??. Oa?aeoa?enoeea oa
i?eioeeie ?iaioe i?ioieie?a aeeiai?/ii? ia?o?ooecaoe??
I?e aeeiai?/i?e ia?o?ooecaoe?? an? ia?o?ooecaoi?e, ui aoiaeyoue aei
neeaaeaii? ia?aae? aaoiiaoe/ii iai?iththoueny ?ioi?iaoe??th i?i oeyoe
aei a?aeiieo ?i ia?aae. I?e ci?i? oeyoo caien a oaaeeoe? ia?o?ooecaoe??
aaoiiaoe/ii iiiaeth?oueny, i?i oea niia?uathoueny non?aei?
ia?o?ooecaoi?e. Cacae/ae aeeiai?/ia ia?o?ooecaoe?y aeei?enoiao?oueny o
aaeeeeo neeaaeaieo ia?aaeao, a yeeo ?o/ia iano?ithaaiiy ia?o?ooecaoi??a
? aeiaie? neeaaeiith caaea/ath. Aeey aeeiai?/ii? ia?o?ooecaoe??
aeei?enoiaothoueny i?ioieiee RIP oa OSPF.
Iaiao?aei?noue ia?o?ooecaoe?y aeieea? a ianooiiiio aeiaaeeo. ?c
ca?eueoaiiyi e?eueeino? aoce?a o ia?aae? aoaeoeai?noue ?iaioe inoaiiuei?
iinooiiai cieaeo?oueny. Oea aeieea? ca ?aooiie ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino?
oe?ieiiiaieo iia?aeiieaiue yeeie iai?iththoueny aocee ia?aae?. A
e?ioeaaiio aeiaaeeo ia?aaea aoaea i?aoethaaoe naia ia naaa ia?aaeath/e
o?eueee oe?ieiiiai? iia?aeiieaiiy. Iaeiei c aeoiae?a ?c aeaii? neooaoe??
? iaiaaeaiiy i?inoi?o aeey oe?ieiiiaieo iia?aeiieaiue oeyoii ?icaeooy
aaeeei? ia?aae? ia a?eueo iae? i?aeia?aae?. Aea a oaeiio aeiaaeeo
iaiao?aeii aeei?enoiaoaaoe iaoai?cie, ye? a aeicaieeee aoceai iaei???
i?aeia?aae? aca?iiae?yoe c aoceaie ?ioi? ia?aae?. Oea aeinyaa?oueny
aeei?enoaiiyi ia?o?ooecaoi??a, ye? aeeiiothoue ia?o?ooecaoe?th, i?ioean
ia?aaea/? iaeao?a i?ae i?aeia?aaeaie, ui aoiaeyoue aei aaeeei?
neeaaeaii? ia?aae?. ?ic??ciythoue i?yio ia?o?ooecaoe?th ? iai?yio
ia?o?ooecaoe?th. I?yia ia?o?ooecaoe?y cae?enith?oueny i?ae aoceaie
iaei??? i?aeia?aae?. Iai?yia ia?o?ooecaoe?y, oea ia?aaea/a aeaeoaa?ai
i?ae aoceaie ??cieo i?aeia?aae.
Ia?o?ooecaoi? yaey? niaith i?eno??e, ui ia? iaeei aai e?eueea ia?aaeieo
?ioa?oaen?a aeey i?aeeeth/aiiy eieaeueieo ia?aae aai a?aeaeaeaieo
c’?aeiaiue. Eiaeiiio o?ce/iiio ?ioa?oaeno noaaeoueny o a?aeiia?aei?noue
iaeia /e e?eueea ??-i?aeia?aae, ui iathoue c iei aaciina?aaei?e ca’ycie.
Ia?o?ooecaoi? aeeiio? i?aeia?aaeio ia?aaea/? iaeao?a i?ae aoceaie
aeinooiieo eiio i?aeia?aae. Aei iaei??? c ooieoe?e ia?o?ooecaoi?a
aoiaeeoue ciaioaiiy iieth TTL (Time ti Live, /an aeeooy) ia iaeeieoeth
i?e i?eoiae? iaeaoo, a iio?i eiaeio naeoiaeo eiai ia?aaoaaiiy a
ia?o?ooecaoi??.
O nai?e ?iaio? ia?o?ooecaoi? aeei?enoiao? oaaeeoeth ia?o?ooecaoe??, a
ye?e i?noeoueny ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i ??-aae?ane ? ianee i?aeia?aae,
i?aeeeth/aieo aei eiai ii?o?a ia?aae, a oaeiae nienie non?aei?o
ia?o?ooecaoi??a.
Iniaeeaei ia?o?ooii, ui ia? aooe i?enooi?i a aoaeue ye?e oaaeeoe?
ia?o?ooecaoe?? ? “Ia?o?oo ca caiia/oaaiiyi”, a?i oaeiae iiaea iaoe iacae
“Iniiaiee oethc”, “Iniiaiee ia?o?oo”. Oaeee caien aiai?eoue i?i oa ia
yeee ia?aaeiee ?ioa?oaen iaiao?aeii a?aei?aaeyoe aeaeoaa?aie, o aeiaaeeo
eiee aae?ana i?ecia/aiiy aeaeoaa?aie aeiaeia c i?aeia?aae i?aeeeth/aieo
aei ia?o?ooecaoi?o, ??-aae?ana iniiaiiai ia?o?ooo – 0.0.0.0 ianea
i?aeia?aae? 0.0.0.0.
??oaiiy ia a?aei?aaeaiiy aeaeoaa?aie ia a?aeiia?aeiee ii?o ae?iaey?oueny
ia iniia? aiae?co cacia/aii? a caaieiaeo iaeaoo ??-aae?ane
aocea-iaea?aeoaa/a, oa oaaeeoe? ia?o?ooecaoe??. Nii/aoeo aecia/a?oueny
aei yei? ia?aae? iaeaaeeoue aocie-iaea?aeoaa/, yeui a?aeiiino? i?i oaeo
ia?aaeo ? a oaaeeoe? ia?o?ooecaoe??, oi iaeao a?aei?aaey?oueny ia
ia?aaeiee ?ioa?oaen, aei yeiai i?aeeeth/aia ia?aaea i?ecia/aiiy, yeui
oae? a?aeiiino? a?aenooi? oi iaeao a?aei?aaey?oueny ia ia?aaeiee
?ioa?oaen, yeee a oaaeeoe? ia?o?ooecaoe?? cacia/aii, ye “Iniiaiee
ia?o?oo”.
Caiiaiaiiy oaaeeoeue ia?o?ooecaoe?? iiaea aeeiioaaoenue aeeiai?/ii aai
noaoe/ii.
E??i oeueiai ia ia?o?ooecaoi?e iiaea iieeaaeaoeny caaea/a o?eueo?aoe??,
ca iaaieie i?aaeeaie, iaeao?a, ye? oee?eoeththoue i?ae i?aeia?aaeaie
i?aeeeth/aieie aei ia?o?ooecaoi?o.
Iano?ithaaiiy ?iai/i? noaioe?? aeey aeei?enoaiiy ia?o?ooecaoi?a
caeeth/a?oueny a caaeai? iniiaiiai ia?o?ooo (oethco ca caiia/oaaiiyi),
yeee ? ??-aae?anith eieaeueiiai ?ioa?oaeno ia?o?ooecaoi?a.
3. I?aeoe/i? caaaeaiiy
Iaaaaeaii o?aaiaio eiii’thoa?ii? ia?aae?. A, B, C, D, E – eiioi?eaoe?ei?
i?eno?i? (eiioeaio?aoi?e – Hub aai eiiooaoi?e – Switch). Eiaeai c ieo
ia? 4 ii?oe, aae?ana ii?oa neeaaea?oueny ?c ?iai? i?eno?ith ? iiia?o
ii?oa, iai?eeeaae, ii?o ?3 eiioi?eaoe?eiiai i?eno?ith N iaoeia aae?ano
N3. E1-E9 – eiii’thoa?e, ye? ia?aaeathoue oa i?eeiathoue ?ioi?iaoe?ei?
eaae?e. A oaaeeoe? 5 aeacaii oeie eiioi?eaoe?eieo i?eno?i?a oa iiia?
eiii’thoa?a, ui ia?aaea? aeai?. Aecia/eoe:
ia yeeo ii?oao c’yaeoueny iia?aeiieaiiy aeoeaiiai eiii’thoa?a;
ye? eiii’thoa?e iiaeooue ia?aaeaaaoe aeai? iaeii/anii c aeaiei
eiii’thoa?ii aac aeieeiaiiy eie?c?e;
aeaoe a?aeiia?ae? ia ioieoe a), a) i?e oiia? ui an? eiioi?eaoe?ei?
i?eno?i? ? eiioeaio?aoi?aie;
aeaoe a?aeiia?ae? ia ioieoe a), a) i?e oiia? ui an? eiioi?eaoe?ei?
i?eno?i? ? eiiooaoi?aie;
ABCDEHubSwitchSwitch HubHub
Ca?aeii aa??aioo aeoeaiee eiii’thoa? i?ae ? E7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.) iia?aeiieaiiy c’yaeoueny ia ii?oao eiioeaio?aoi?a D1, D2, D3, oaeiae
ia A1, A 2, A3, A4,
b.) Aeai? aac aeieeiaiiy eie?c?e, aoaeooue ia?aaeaaaoenue ia oae?
eiii’thoa?e E1, E4, E5, E8, E9.
c.) a aeaiiio aeiaaeeo an? eiii’thoa?e iiaeooue ia?aaeaaaoe aeai?
iaeii/anii.
d.)a oeueiio aeiaaeeo i? iaeei eiii’thoa? ia ciiaea ia?aaeaaaoe aeai?.
Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e
1. Eoeueaei I. Oaoiieiaee ei?ii?aoeaiuo naoae. Yioeeeeiiaaeey – NIa.:
Ieoa?,2000.
2. Aoe I. Aiia?aoiua n?aaenoaa eieaeueiuo naoae. Yioeeeeiiaaeey. – NIa.:
Ieoa?, 2001.
3. “I?aeoe/aneee eo?n eioi?iaoeee”. ?oaeaiei A.Ae., Iaea?/ee I.I.,
Iaaeaiaeiaeo I.I. Eeaa: Oaieen, 1997.
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