Oa?e?anueeee ?inoeooo oaeineiiaeaiiy e?ea??a
E?EOOAEUe
?aaai?e Aaeaioeiiae/
OAeE 618.17 + 616.69] – 008.1: 613.81 – 085.851
AEEIAIE?CI IIAe?OAEIUeI? IA?E:
EE?I?*I? OA NIOe?AEUeII-INEOIEIA?*I? ANIAEOE
Niaoe?aeueiino? 14.01.17 – ia?eieia?y
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy
aeieoi?a iaaee/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a – 1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioo aeeiiaii a Oa?e?anueeiio ?inoeooo? oaeineiiaeaiiy e?ea??a
Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio – aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Nin?i ?.E., caa. eaoaae?ith ia?eieia?? Oa?e?anueeiai ?inoeoooo
oaeineiiaeaiiy e?ea??a
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Aaaaiei A.E., caa. eaoaae?ith ineo?ao???, iaaee/ii? ineoieia?? oa
ia?eieia?? Oa?e?anueeiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
A?oainueeee A.N., caa. eaoaae?ith ineo?ao??? Iaeanueeiai iaaee/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Oaaa/i?eia N.?., caa. eaoaae?ith ineo?ao???, ineoioa?ai?? oa iaaee/ii?
ineoieia?? oaeoeueoaoo oaeineiiaeaiiy e?ea??a Aeiiaoeueeiai iaaee/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo
I?ia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y – Oe?a?inueeee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo
nioe?aeueii? oa noaeiai? ineo?ao???, I?aea?aeii/ee oeaio? ee?i?/ii? oa
aenia?eiaioaeueii? ia?eieia??
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 20 ” n?/iy 1999 ?. i 10 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee Ae 64.609.01 i?e Oa?e?anueeiio ?inoeooo?
oaeineiiaeaiiy e?ea??a ca aae?anith:
310176, Oa?e?a, aoe. Ei?/aa?ioe?a, 58.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii ” 12 ” a?oaeiy 1998 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee,
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoeA?eai?iaa ?.A.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Ai?ioueaa c aeeiaie?ciii o iao /an caeeoa?oueny iaei??th c
iaeaeooaeuei?oeo ? ua aeaeaei ia ?ica’ycaieo iaaee/ieo ? nioe?aeue-ieo
i?iaeai. Iaaaoeai? nioe?aeuei?, ineoieia?/i? oa niiaoe/i? iane?aeee
aeeiaie?cio ni?e/eiythoue na?eicio caiaiiei?i?noue na?oiai?
a?iiaaenueeino? ? i?aai?a ioi?iie caei?ia’y. Iaeiei ?c oaeeo iaaaoeaieo
iane?aee?a ? e?eca ? ?iciaae n?i’?, aei yeiai ia??aeei i?ecaiaeeoue
ii?ooaiiy naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y i?e aeeiaie?ci? o /ieia?e?a ? ae?iie.
Iioe?ai?noue aeeiaie?cio, o oiio /ene? na?aae ethaeae iieiaeiai,
iaeaeoeai?oiai, ?ai?iaeoeoeaiiai a?eo, aecia/a? iniaeeao aeooaeuei?noue
aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie.
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aaeeea /anoioa ?iceoe i?e
aeeiaie?ci?, a oiio /ene? aiane?aeie ii?ooaiiy naenoaeueii? ooieoe??
iiae?oaeaey, ? aacia?a/iei oaeoii, a inoaii? aeanyoe??//y /enei ?iceoe
c? oe??? i?e/eie ia o?eueee aeinyaei aeoaea aeniei? oeeo?e – aei 31%, ca
aeaieie A.I.Ooaiueea (1987), a e c?inoa? iaaeae?.
Iaoiaaiaoe/io ?ieue aeeiaie?cio a ?icaeoeo ii?ooaiue naenoaeueii?
ooieoe?? aeaaii a?aecia/aii aeine?aeieeaie, cie?aia o i?aoeyo A.Iioo?iaa
(1978), I.I.?aaioey, A.E.?aii?ia (1983), ss.E.Ao?aae/a, ?.E.Nin?ia,
A.A.E?eooaey (1990), A.E.Iai?a?iea (1993), A.O.Niiieea (1993), L.I.Kern,
R.O.Hawkins (1980), E.M.Farmer (1982), R.C.Schiavi et al. (1995).
I?ioa iaoiaaiac ? ee?i?ea naenoaeueieo ?iceaae?a o /ieia?e?a ? ae?iie,
oai?eo ia aeeiaie?ci, ? naenoaeueii? aeenaa?iii?? iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e, ui
aeieea? i?e oeueiio, aea/aii iaaeinoaoiuei. ?nioth/? aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye
i?aaeei, noinothoueny eeoa naenoaeueieo ii?ooaiue o naiiai oai?iai,
caeaa?eueoiai a ieo i?aeoe/ii ?aii?o?oueny ia?iee oa?aeoa? naenoaeueii?
ooieoe??, oiaoi oie oaeo, ui ii?ooaiiy naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y caaaeaee
yaey? niaith “oai?iao aeaio”. Ia iaio nooo?aith i?iaaeeiith a ?ic?iaoe?
aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie ? e oa, ui aaoi?e i?eae?eythoue aeoaea iaei
oaaae nioe?aeuei?e, ineoieia?/i?e oa nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/i?e
aeacaaeaioaoe?? iiae?oaeaey, ui a?ae?a?a? aaee/acio ?ieue o ?icaeoeo
naenoaeueii? aeenaa?iii??, iniaeeai i?e oaeiio o?eaaeiio o?ii?/iiio
caoai?thaaii?, ye aeeiaie?ci.
Oaeei /eiii, c iiceoe?e nenoaiiiai i?aeoiaeo i?iaeaio ii?ooaiiy
naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y i?e aeeiaie?ci? ne?ae aaaaeaoe iaaeineoue
?ic?iaeaiith. A?aenooi?noue nenoaiieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?ecaaea aei oiai,
ui aei inoaiiueiai /ano iaei aea/ai? ? ia ae?noaee iaeaaeiiai
aena?oeaiiy a e?oa?aoo?? i?e/eie, iaoai?cie ?icaeoeo, ia?aa?a ? ee?i?/i?
i?iyae naenoaeueii? aeenaa?iii?? iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e i?e aeeiaie?ci? a
iaeiiai ?, iniaeeai, a iaio c iiae?oaeaey, oiaoi i?e n?iaeiiio
aeeiaie?ci?, c a?aooaaiiyi a?eueo ceiye?niiai ia?aa?ao oeueiai
caoai?thaaiiy o ae?iie. Oea coiiaeei e a?aenooi?noue iaoiaaiaoe/ii
iaa?oioiaaii? nenoaie ei?aeoe?? aeaii? iaoieia??, ?ic?iaea yei? ?
aaaeeeaith oiiaith ?ica’ycaiiy oaei? na?eicii? iaaee/ii? ? nioe?aeueii?
i?iaeaie.
Cacia/ai? ianoaaeie aecia/eee aeooaeuei?noue ? iaiao?aei?noue
i?iaaaeaiiy oeueiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. ?iaioo aeeiiaii
a?aeiia?aeii aei ieaio IAe? Oa?e?anueeiai ?inoeoooo oaeineiiaeaiiy
e?ea??a “Iiooe iiaeo iaoiae?a e?eoaaiiy ia?eieia?/ieo caoai?thaaiue” (?
aea?ae. ?a?no?aoe?? 0.13.00 (033 – 92.0.09.02) 201 – 92).
Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – ia iniia? i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?iiai aea/aiiy i?e/ei,
iaoai?ci?a ?icaeoeo, ee?i?ei-nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae
aeeiaie?cio a aniaeo? iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e ? oe?eani?yiiaaiiai aeyaeaiiy
aca?iica’yceo oi?ioaaiiy aeeiaieueii? caeaaeiino? c ii?ooaiiyi
naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y ?ic?iaeoe iia? i?aeoiaee aei eiai n?iaeii?
ineoioa?aiaaoe/ii? ei?aeoe??.
Caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ca?aeii c iinoaaeaiith iaoith a ?iaio?
?ica’ycoaaeeny oae? caaaeaiiy.
1. Ia iiaeae? iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e, a ye?e /ieia?e, ae?iea aai iaeaeaa c
iiae?oaeaey oai??thoue ia aeeiaie?ci, aeyaeoe
ee?i?ei-nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/i? iniaeeaino? caoai?thaaiiy oa eiai
aca?iica’ycie c niiaoinaenoaeueiei, ineoinaenoaeueiei ?icaeoeii ?
oi?ioaaiiyi naenoaeueii? iiaaae?iee.
2. Aecia/eoe ee?i?ei-nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/i? caeiiii??iino?
aca?iiaieeao oi?ioaaiiy aeeiaie?cio ? naenoaeueieo ?iceaae?a o oai?eo ia
aeeiaie?ci /ieia?e?a ? ae?iie o ?aieao iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e.
3. Aecia/eoe ?ieue nioe?iaaiieo, ineoiaaiieo, iaaaoeaieo
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieo ? niiaoiaaiieo /eiiee?a o aaiac?
aca?iica’yce?a ii?ooaiiy naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y i?e aeeiaie?ci? a
iiae?oaei?e ia??.
4. Aeyaeoe i?e/eie, oiiae ?icaeoeo, aa??aioe oa oi?ie naenoaeueii?
aeenaa?iii?? i?e aeeiaie?ci? o /ieia?ea, o ae?oaeeie ? a iaio ?c
iiae?oaeaey, a oaeiae ee?i?/i? i?iyae aecia/aieo oi?i aeenaa?iii?? ye
?oi? aeeoa?aioe?eii-ae?aaiinoe/i? e?eoa???.
5. Aea/eoe iniaeno?ni? a?aei?iiino? iiae?oaeaey, iioeaaoe?th
naenoaeueii? iiaaae?iee, iioeae noaoaaiai aeoo, oeie oethao i?e
aeeiaie?ci? oa ?oi?e ca’ycie ?c i?ia?anoaaiiyi oeueiai caoai?thaaiiy, a
oaeiae noi?iiethaaoe eiioeaioe?th iaoieia?/ii? n?i’?.
6. ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy iia’ycaieo c aeeiaie?ciii ?iceaae?a o
/ieia?e?a ? ae?iie a aniaeo? n?iaeii? iaaeeoeeie (ia?eieia??).
7. ?ic?iaeoe nenoaio ineoioa?aiaaoe/ii? ei?aeoe?? ??cieo aa??aio?a oa
oi?i naenoaeueii? aeenaa?iii?? iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e i?e aeeiaie?ci? o
/ieia?ea, o ae?oaeeie ? a iaio ?c iiae?oaeaey.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iiaeie a ?iaio? ? ?aeay aea/aiiy
aeeiaie?cio ye ia?eieia?/ii? i?iaeaie a iaaeao n?iaeii? iaaeeoeeie ?
nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae aei aeine?aeaeaiiy ?iceaaeo naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y
i?e aeeiaieuei?e caeaaeiino? o /ieia?e?a ? ae?iie c iiceoe?e eiioeaioe??
?ioaa?aoeaiiai oa?aeoa?o eiai caaacia/aiiy c o?aooaaiiyi ?ie?
nioe?iaaiieo, ineoiaaiieo, a?iaaiieo /eiiee?a ? ia?iiai oa?aeoa?o
naenoaeueii? ooieoe??.
Oia?oa aeyaeaii iaoai?cie ?icaeoeo ? niaoeeo?/i? ee?i?/i? i?iyae
ii?ooaiiy naenoaeueii? ooieoe?? i?e /ieia?/iio ? ae?ii/iio aeeiaie?ci?,
coiiaeai? aino?eie ? o?ii?/ieie aoaeoaie aoaiieo. Iieacaii oei /anii, ui
naenoaeueia aeenaa?iii?y iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e iiaea aooe iane?aeeii ia
o?eueee iia’ycaii? c aeeiaieueiith ?ioieneeaoe??th naenoaeueii?
aeenooieoe?? o /ieia?ea, ae?oaeeie /e iaio ?c iiae?oaeaey, a e
ineoieia?/ii?, nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ii? aeacaaeaioaoe?? iiae?oaeaey ?
iecueeiai ??aiy ?oiuei? ii?ioi?iiaaiino? a ieoaiiyo ineoia?a??ie
noaoaaiai aeeooy.
Anoaiiaeaii i?aii?a?aei?, ui iathoue i?aaeeeoe?eio cia/ou?noue aeey
aeeiaie?caoe??, ii?ooaiiy niiaoinaenoaeueiiai ? ineoinaenoaeueiiai
?icaeoeo oai?eo, a oaeiae ca’ycie oeeo ii?ooaiue ? nooiaiy o?aaeaiiy
naenoaeueii? ooieoe?? c i?ia?anoaaiiyi aeeiaie?cio.
O ?acoeueoao? aaaaoioaeoi?iiai nenoaiii-no?oeoo?iiai aiae?co aeeiaie?cio
ia iiaeae? iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e cai?iiiiiaaii iiao eeaneo?eaoe?th
eiioeaiooaeueii cia/oueo aa??aio?a naenoaeueii? aeenaa?iii??,
iaoiaiiiii?/ieo oeiiaei neooaoe?yi aeeiaieueii? caeaaeiino? a n?i’?.
?ic?iaeaii eiioeaioe?th “iaoieia?/ii? n?i’?”, yea aeieea? i?e
aeeiaie?ci?, i?iyaey?oueny o oi?ioaaii? aioaaii?noe/iiai,
iaaaoeaii-aeiiiaithth/iai oa inaaaeiaa?iii?eiiai ?? aa??aio?a.
I?aeoe/io cia/ou?noue iathoue ?ic?iaeai? ia iniia? ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeoa?aioe?eii-ae?aaiinoe/i? e?eoa??? ee?i?/ieo
aa??aio?a aeacaaeaioaoe??, o oiio /ene? naenoaeueii? aeenaa?iii??
iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e i?e aeeiaie?ci? a iaeiiai /e iaio ?c iiae?oaeaey, ui
a?aee?eaathoue iiaeeea?noue iaoiaaiaoe/iiai i?aeoiaeo aei ?o ei?aeoe?? c
o?aooaaiiyi ?iaeoeiaaiiai oa?aeoa?o ?icaeoeo aeeiaie?cio ? noi?ia?aeieo
naenoaeueieo ?iceaae?a.
Oe?ii?noue aeey ee?i?/ii? i?aeoeee noaiiaeoue oaeiae cai?iiiiiaaia
eiiieaenia aeeoa?aioe?eiaaia nenoaia ei?aeoe?? ?iceaaeo naenoaeueiiai
caei?ia’y i?e ?icaeyaeoaai?e iaoieia??, ui aeeth/a? e?eoaaiiy iniiaiiai
caoai?thaaiiy /ieia?ea, ae?oaeeie /e iaio ?c iiae?oaeaey, eiai
oneeaaeiaiue, o oiio /ene? naenoaeueii? aeenooieoe??, ?
ineoioa?aiaaoe/io ei?aeoe?th naenoaeueii? aeenaa?iii??, iiaoaeiaaio c
o?aooaaiiyi i?e?inioe?aeueieo /eiiee?a, iniaeno?nieo a?aei?iiinoae ?
i?aeiniaeno?nieo a?aeiinei iiae?oaeaey, ?nioth/iai a ieo oeio oethao,
??aiy ii?ioi?iiaaiino? a ieoaiiyo ineoia?a??ie noaoaaiai aeeooy ?, oaeei
/eiii, – nooiaiy aaeaioaoe?? iiae?oaeaey ia an?o ??aiyo ?o aca?iiae??.
Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a. I?ioyaii 1992 – 1997 ??. iniaenoi aaoi?ii
i?iaaaeaii anaa?/ia – ineo?ao?e/ia, ia?eieia?/ia, ee?i?ei- oa
aenia?eiaioaeueii-ineoieia?/ia, nioe?ieia?/ia, a oaeiae niaoe?aeueia
naenieia?/ia ianoaaeaiiy 548 iiae?oaei?o ia?, a yeeo iaeei /e iaeaeaa c
iiae?oaeaey oai??ee ia aeeiaie?ci. Aeeeth/ii aaoi?ii cae?eniaii
ia?eieia?/iee oa nenoaiii-no?oeoo?iee aiae?c naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y
iiae?oaeaey ? iaoeiao ?ioa?i?aoaoe?th ?acoeueoao?a on?o aeine?aeaeaiue.
Noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea caeiaooeo aeaieo i?iaaaeaia iniaenoi aaoi?ii.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue
aeiiia?aeaeeny ia Oa?e?anueeee iaeani?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe??
“Ae?aaiinoeea ? e?eoaaiiy ineoiiaa?ieia?/ii? ? niiaoe/ii? iaoieia?? a
in?a iieiaeiai a?eo” (Oa?e?a, 1994 ?.); ia ?anioae?eainueeeo
eiioa?aioe?yo naeniiaoieia?a “Naenieia?y ? aiae?ieia?y” (Ee?a, 1994,
1996 ? 1997 ??.); ia can?aeaiiyo Oa?e?anueeiai iaoeiai-iaaee/iiai
iaeaniiai oiaa?enoaa naeniiaoieia?a (1995-1998 ??.); ia
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? c i?aeia?iaeiith o/anoth, i?enay/ai?e
10-??//th eaoaae?e iaaee/ii? naenieia?? ? iaaee/ii? ineoieia?? O?OE
(Oa?e?a, 1997 ?.).
Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 2 iiiia?ao??, iaeei o/aiaee ? 2
iaoiaee/ieo iin?aieea, 18 noaoae (14 o ia??iaee/i?e i?an?, 4 a ca??eao
iaoeiaeo i?aoeue ? oacao eiioa?aioe?e).
Ianya ? no?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 297 noi?.
iaoeiiieno ? neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, iaeyaeiai? aeaae, i?enay/aii?
aiae?co no/aniiai noaio ieoaiiy i?i ?ieue aeeiaie?caoe?? o /ieia?e?a ?
ae?iie o ii?ooaii? naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y, 6 aeaa aeanieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, caeeth/aiiy, aeniiae?a ? o?ueio aeiaeaoe?a (ia 76
noi?.). Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?? ?ethno?iaaii 110 oaaeeoeyie.
Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e i?noeoue 460 aeaea?ae (358 ?in?enueei? oa
oe?a?iiiiaii? ? 102 ?iicaiieo).
CI?NO ?IAIOE. CAeIAOO? ?ACOEUeOAOE
I?ae niinoa?aaeaiiyi ia?aaoaaei 548 iiae?oaei?o ia?, a yeeo iaeei /e
iaeaeaa c iiae?oaeaey oai??ee ia aeeiaie?ci o??? aai ?ioi? noaae??. O
503 ?c oeeo iiae?oaei?o ia? a?aecia/aeany naenoaeueia aeenaa?iii?y.
?aooa – 45 ia?, a yeeo, iacaaaeath/e ia iayai?noue aeeiaie?cio o
/ieia?ea, ae?oaeeie /e iaio ?c iiae?oaeaey, naenoaeueia aeenaa?iii?y ia
niinoa??aaeany, aoee niaoe?aeueii a?ae?a?ai? iaie aeey ianoaaeaiiy ye
eiio?ieueia a?oia.
A?eueo?noue /ieia?e?a ? ae?iie, ui ia?aaoaaee i?ae iaoei iaaeyaeii, iaee
a?ae 26 aei 45 ?ie?a.
Na?aae oai?eo ia aeeiaie?ci aoee 331 /ieia?e ? 293 ae?iee.
Aoei anoaiiaeaii caeaaei?noue naenoaeueiiai ?iceaaeo o iiae?oaeaey a?ae
noaae?? ? oa?aeoa?o ia?aa?ao aeeiaie?cio, ui aeaei iiaeeea?noue
aeae?eeoe i’youe a?oi iiae?oaei?o ia?.
Ia?oo a?oio neeaee 123 iiae?oaei? ia?e, a yeeo naenoaeueia aeenaa?iii?y
aeieeea aiane?aeie naenoaeueii? aeenooieoe?? o /ieia?ea, coiiaeaii?
aeeiaie?ciii. Aei ae?oai? a?oie oa?eoee 122 iiae?oaei? ia?e, naenoaeueia
aeenaa?iii?y a yeeo ?icaeeany /a?ac naenoaeueio aeenooieoe?th a
?acoeueoao? aeeiaie?cio o ae?oaeeie. O?aoy a?oia ia’?aeioaaea 63
iiae?oaei? ia?e, a yeeo naenoaeueia aeenaa?iii?y noaea iane?aeeii
naenoaeueieo ?iceaae?a o iaio ?c iiae?oaeaey, oai?eo ia aeeiaie?ci.
*aoaa?oo a?oio neeaee 115 iiae?oaei?o ia?, a yeeo iaeei ?c iiae?oaeaey
oai??a ia aeeiaie?ci, a naenoaeueia aeenaa?iii?y i?e oeueiio aoea
coiiaeaia ineoieia?/iith oa nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/iith aeacaaeaioaoe??th
iiae?oaeaey. Aei i’yoi? a?oie aa?eoee 80 iiae?oaei?o ia?, a yeeo ia
aeeiaie?ci oai??a oaeiae iaeei ?c iiae?oaeaey, a naenoaeueia
aeenaa?iii?y aeieeea /a?ac iaaeinoaoith ia?ciai?noue iiae?oaeaey a
ieoaiiyo ineoia?a??ie noaoaaiai aeeooy ? iai?aaeeueii? ?ioa?i?aoaoe??
ieie nai?o naenoaeueieo i?iya?a. O oino?e, eiio?ieuei?e a?oi?
iiae?oaei?o ia? aoei aeae?eaii o?e i?aea?oie: aei eiaeii? c ieo aoiaeeee
15 ia?, a yeeo ia aeeiaie?ci oai??a /ieia?e (1-oa i?aea?oia), ae?oaeeia
(2-aa i?aea?oia) ? iaeaeaa – /ieia?e ? ae?oaeeia (3-oy i?aea?oia).
O ia?o?e ? ae?oa?e a?oiao iiae?oaei?o ia? ia?aaaaeaee oai?? c ?? ? ???
noaae??th aeeiaie?cio, o o?ao?e ? a /ieia?e?a, ? a ae?iie /ano?oa
a?aecia/aeany ??, a ia ae?oaiio i?noe? ca /anoioith aoea ? noaae?y, a
/aoaa?o?e ? i’yo?e a?oiao caeaa?eueoiai ae?aaiinooaaany aeeiaie?ci ?-??
noaae?e. O eiio?ieuei?e a?oi? ia niinoa??aaeiny ??? noaae?? aeeiaie?cio
? a on?o o?ueio i?aea?oiao ia?aaaaeaee oai?? c ?? noaae??th. A oe?eiio e
o /ieia?e?a, ? a ae?iie iae/ano?oa iaa i?noea aeeiaie?ci ?? noaae??.
Noaea oi?ia ia?aa?ao aeeiaie?cio a?aecia/aeany o 110 (332%) /ieia?e?a ?
83 (283%) ae?iie; ia?ai?aeia oi?ia – a?aeiia?aeii o 221 (673%) ? 210
(723%) oai?eo.
Oyaee?noue aeeiaie?cio ca?eueooaaeany c a?eii oai?eo: ? noaae?y
aeeiaie?cio i?aeoe/ii ia cono??/aeany i?ney 45 ?ie?a, a o?aoy – aei 26
?ie?a; o a?eia?e a?oi? 26-30 ?ie?a ia?aaaaeaea ??, 31-50 ?ie?a – ?? ?
???, iiiaae 50 ?ie?a – ??? noaae?y aeeiaie?cio.
Aeaai?noue aeeiaie?cio aoea iaea?eueoith a ia?oeo o?ueio a?oiao
iiae?oaei?o ia?, a yeeo aeenaa?iii?y ni?e/eiaia naenoaeueiith
aeenooieoe??th oai?eo.
Aiae?c caeaaeiino? noaae?? aeeiaie?cio a?ae eiai aeaaiino? iieacaa oo ae
naio caeiiii??i?noue, ui e o caeaaeiino? a?ae a?eo oai?eo, oiaoi
oyaee?noue caoai?thaaiiy aoea i?yii i?iii?oe?eia eiai aeaaiino?.
Ianoaaeaiiy iiae?oaei?o ia? i?iaiaeeeiny c iiceoe?e /ioe?eoaeoi?ii?
eiioeaioe?? caaacia/aiiy naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y (c o?aooaaiiyi
nioe?aeueieo, ineoieia?/ieo, nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/ieo,
aiaoiii-o?c?ieia?/ieo /eiiee?a, ui caaacia/othoue eiai) ? ia?iiai
oa?aeoa?o naenoaeueii? ooieoe??.
Ianoaaeaiiy aeeth/aei: 1) aea/aiiy noa’?eoeaieo nea?a eiaeiiai c
iiae?oaeaey; 2) aeieeaaeia aea/aiiy aiaiiaco oai?iae ? aeeooy oai?eo oa
?oi?o ae?oaeei ? /ieia?e?a; 3) anaa?/ia ianoaaeaiiy iiae?oaeaey, a oiio
/ene? aea/aiiy niiaoe/iiai (cie?aia, o?ieia?/iiai, a?iaeieia?/iiai,
iaa?ieia?/iiai) ? ineo?/iiai noaio; 4) niaoe?aeueia naenieia?/ia
aeine?aeaeaiiy – aea/aiiy niiaoinaenoaeueiiai ? ineoinaenoaeueiiai
?icaeoeo, iaoai?ci?a oi?ioaaiiy naenoaeueii? iiaaae?iee, aeeiai?ee
noaoaaiai aeeooy aei caoai?thaaiiy ia aeeiaie?ci oa ?? o?ainoi?iaoe??
aiane?aeie oai?iae. E??i oiai, i?iaiaeeeeny ee?i?ei- oa
aenia?eiaioaeueii-ineoieia?/ia, a oaeiae nioe?ieia?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy,
ui iaee ia iao? aeyaeoe aca?iica’ycie aeine?aeaeoaaieo ia?aiao??a ?c
?icaeoeii iniiaiiai caoai?thaaiiy iiae?oaeaey – aeeiaie?cio – ?
ii?ooaiiyi naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y.
Aeey c’ynoaaiiy iaoai?ci?a ?icaeoeo naenoaeueii? aeenaa?iii?? o
iiae?oaeaey, ui ia?aaoaaei i?ae niinoa?aaeaiiyi, aeei?enoaee iaoiae
nenoaiii-no?oeoo?iiai aiae?co naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y ca A.A.E?eooaeai
(1988).
Nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae aei aea/aiiy iaoieia?? ?, ye a?aeiii, iaei??th c
iniiaieo aeiia aei no/aniiai aeine?aeaeaiiy. Nenoaiiee aiae?c
naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y ia?aaeaa/a?, a caeaaeiino? a?ae ??aiy
caaacia/aiiy naenoaeueii? ooieoe??, aeae?eaiiy eiai nioe?aeueiiai,
ineoieia?/iiai, nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/iiai ? a?ieia?/iiai
(aiaoiii-o?c?ieia?/iiai) eiiiiiaio?a, a oaeiae ?oi?o neeaaeiaeo:
nioe?ieoeueoo?ii? oa ?ioi?iaoe?eii-ioe?iieo neeaaeiaeo nioe?aeueiiai
eiiiiiaioa, ineo?/ii?, iae?iaoii?aeueii?, a?aeoe?eii?, ayeoeyoi?ii?,
aai?oinaaiaioa?ii? neeaaeiaeo aiaoiii-o?c?ieia?/iiai eiiiiiaioa.
Nenoaiiee aiae?c naenoaeueiiai caei?ia’y i?iaiaeeee o e?eueea aoai?a.
Nii/aoeo ioe?ithaaee noai eiiiiiaio?a ? neeaaeiaeo naenoaeueiiai
caei?ia’y ca eiai e?eoa??yie aeey eiaeiiai c iiae?oaeaey; iio?i
aecia/aee nooi?iue aeyaeaiiai o?aaeaiiy eiiiiiaio?a, ui aea?
iiaeeea?noue onoaiiaeoe /anoeo o/ano? eiaeiiai c ieo o aaiac?
naenoaeueii? aeenaa?iii??; i?ney oeueiai aecia/aee oi?io ii?ooaiiy
naenoaeueii? ooieoe?? ? naenoaeueii? iiaaae?iee iaoe??io?a; ia i?aenoaa?
caeiaooeo aeaieo oi?ioaaany ee?i?/iee, ineoieia?/iee ? nioe?aeueiee
ae?aaiic ? ia inoaiiueiio aoai? – ae?aaiinoe/iee aeniiaie aeey
iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e.
Iniaeno?noue iiae?oaeaey aeine?aeaeoaaee c iiceoe?e iaea?eueo i?eeiyoeo
o ineoieia?? eiioeaioe?e ae?yeueiino?, a?aeiinei, ni?eeoaaiiy ?
ia?niiae?caoe??. I?e oeueiio aea/aee ia o?eueee ni?yiiaai?noue
iniaenoino?, aeeoo?aee aeina?ae, iniaeeaino? i?aii?a?aeo ? aiioe?ei?
?aaeoe?? ia naenoaeueio aeenaa?iii?th, a e a?aeiia?aei?noue oeeo
ia?aiao??a o iiae?oaeaey.
Oei noaoaai? eiinoeoooe?? /ieia?e?a aeine?aeaeoaaee ca iaoiaeeeith
A.N.Aaneeue/aiea (1975), oei noaoaai? eiinoeoooe?? ae?iie – ca
?.E.Aioi?aith (1983).
Oeie naenoaeueii? iioeaaoe?? ? iioeae noaoaaiai aeoo, oeiieia?th oethao
aecia/aee ca A.A.E?eooaeai (1997).
Aeine?aeaeoaaee oaeiae ineoinaenoaeuei? oeie /ieia?ea ? ae?iee ca
N.N.E?a?oii (1979).
Aenia?eiaioaeueii-ineoieia?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei ni?yiiaaii ia
aea/aiiy aca?iicaeaaeiino? iniaeno?nieo a?aei?iiinoae oa
i?aeiniaeno?nieo a?aeiinei oai?eo ia aeeiaie?ci oa ?oi?o ae?iie
(/ieia?e?a), iniaeeainoae ?oiueiai noaoaai?ieueiaiai ?icaeoeo ?
c’ynoaaiiy cia/aiiy oeeo oa?aeoa?enoee o oi?ioaaii? aeeiaie?cio ?
naenoaeueii? aeenaa?iii??. C oe??th iaoith aoei aeei?enoaii oae?
ineoiae?aaiinoe/i? iaoiaeeee: iaoiaeeea L.Szondi (1960), yea aea? ciiao
aecia/eoe a?aei?iiino? iniaenoino? ? iiaaae?ieia? iciaee /ieia?e?a ?
ae?iie oa aeenaa?iii?ei?noue ?oiuei? noaoaai?ieueiai? noa?e – a?iaaiiee
??aaiue ? ??aaiue ss-eiioeaioe??; noaoaai?ieueaa oeaea ACL A.B.Heilbrum
(1981, 1997) ? iaoiae “e?ath ? na?aaeeie”, yeee aeicaiey? aecia/eoe, c
iaeiiai aieo, aaeoi?e, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue ii?aeueii-aoe/i? aniaeoe
iiaaae?iee, ?aae?ci ? caa??aaiiy aioo??oiuei? ??aiiaaae, c ae?oaiai –
aaeoi?e, ye? neaiae?cothoue i?i caa?ice, ye? aeieeathoue o ?acoeueoao?
i?aeiniaeno?nieo eiioaeo?a o naenoaeuei?e oa ?ioeo noa?ao aeeooy.
Nioe?ieia?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei ni?yiiaaii ia aea/aiiy noaaeo
n?iaeiiai aeeooy, i?oei?noue n?iaeieo a?aeiinei, ina?oe, e?eueeino?
ae?oae, ?iaeeiiiai na?aaeiaeua, o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino?, nioe?aeueieo
ca’yce?a iiae?oaeaey, ?oi?o aca?iia?aeiinei ?c eieaeoeaii ?
aca?iica’yceo oeeo oa?aeoa?enoee ?c ia?aa?aii aeeiaie?cio ?
naenoaeueiith aeenaa?iii??th iiae?oaeiuei? ia?e.
On? caeiaoo? a aeine?aeaeaiiyo ee?i?/i? aeai? noaoenoe/ii ia?iaeaii ca
oaaeeoeyie a?aenioe?a oa ?o iiieeie (A.N.Aaian, 1967), ?acoeueoaoe
aenia?eiaioaeueii-ineoieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue – ca iaoiaeii
Nouethaeaioa c ?iia??i?noth a??ia?aeiino? p
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