OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO
Oaaeioa Ieaia Ieoaee?aia
OAeE 575.616
AAIAOE*IA AeINE?AeAEAIIss INI??ACO
03.00.15 – Aaiaoeea
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe??
ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa a?ieia?/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a – 1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao?.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:
aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
Ao?aiaioiaa Ethaia Ieaen??aia,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e aaiaoeee oa oeeoieia??
Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
Io?oe?eie iiiiaioe:
1. Aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Eiaaeueiaa Ieueaa Ieeiea?aia,
caa?aeoth/a eaoaae?ith i?iiaaeaaoeee aioo??oieo oai?ia N1Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo.
2. Eaiaeeaeao a?ieia?/ieo iaoe Ooaiaeaeue Na?oeaia Aiaoie??aia, iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee a?aeae?eo iaoieia?? i?aeoeoieiai? caeice Oe?a?inueeiai
iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai ?inoeoooo oa?iaeioa?ai?? aiaeie?eiieo
caoai?thaaiue.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:
Oe?a?inueeee iaoeiaee a?a??i?/iee oeaio?, eaai?aoi??y aaiaoe/iiai
iii?oi?eiao, i. Ee?a.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “16” a?oaeiy 1998 ?. i 13.30 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E64.051.18 Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 310077, i.Oa?e?a, i. Naiaiaee, 4, aoae. 3-15.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 310077, i.Oa?e?a, i. Naiaiaee,
4.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “10 ” eenoiiaaea 1998 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
A.A.Iae?aniaa
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Aeooaeuei?noue aaiaoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ini??aco
aecia/a?oueny eiai aenieith ?iciianthaeaeaii?noth, /anoei o?aaeaiiyi
ethaeae i?aoeacaeaoiiai a?eo, aenieith ?iaae?ae?caoe?ath oai?eo ?
iaiao?aei?noth aeyaeaiiy a?oie ?eceeo aeey iaaeeei-aaiaoe/iiai i?iaiico.
Aeey iiyniaiiy ee?i?/ii? aaoa?iaaiiino? ini??aco i?iiiioaaeeny ??ci?
iiaeae? oniaaeeoaaiiy caoai?thaaiiy (Ii?aeiaoeaa, 1991, Abele, 1963).
Anoaiiaeaiee oaeo ioeueoeoaeoi??aeueii? i?e?iaee ini??aco i?e o/ano?
aeae?eueeio aaiaoe/ieo ? na?aaeiaeuieo oaeoi??a caeeoa? iayniei
aaiaoe/io aca?iiae?th i?ae ie?aieie ee?i?/ieie oi?iaie ini??aco, oaeeie,
ye cae/aeiee, a?o?iiaoe/iee ? ?io? oi?ie caoai?thaaiiy. Iaiao?aeii
a?aecia/eoe, ui ?iaioe ii aaiaoeoe? ini??aco a iniiaiiio noinoaaeenue
caoai?thaaiiy a oe?eiio aac o?aooaaiiy eiai ee?i?/ieo oi?i. I?iaiaeeany
o?eueee eeei?ei-aaiaoe/iee aiae?c aeaio oi?i ini??aco: cae/aeii? ?
a?o?iiaoe/ii?. ??cieoe? a oa?aeoa?? oniaaeeoaaiiy i?ae ieie ia aeyaeaii
(Ea?aaeiia, 1983). Oea aeaco? ia iaiao?aei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy
aaiaoe/ieo aca?iia?aeiinei ??cieo ee?i?/ieo oi?i ini??aco,
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aieeao niaaeeiaeo ? na?aaeiaeuieo /eiiee?a ia ?icaeoie
ini??aco, aieeao iiioeyoe?eieo i?ioean?a ia ?iciianthaeaeaiiy ini??aco.
Aea/aiiy iiioeyoe?eii? /anoioe ini??aco, iniaeeainoae eiai aaia?ao?/iiai
?iciianthaeaeaiiy coiiaeaia ia o?eueee iaoeiaeie oai?aoe/ieie
?ioa?anaie, aea ? i?aeoe/ieie caaaeaiiyie ioi?iie caei?ia’y,
i?iaaaeaiiyi aeeniaina?ecaoe??, cae?eniaiiyi iaaeeei-aaiaoe/iiai
eiinoeueooaaiiy, caaacia/aiiyi oai?eo e?ea?nueeeie i?aia?aoaie,
i?iaeaiaie i?a?aoe?? ianaeaiiy, canai?iiy iiaeo oa?eoi??e oa ?i.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Iaoeia?
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeeny a ?aieao oaie ?iaioe eaoaae?u aaiaoeee ?
oeeoieia?? OAO “No?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?? oa niaaeeiaa no?euei?noue aei
ioeueoeoaeoi??aeueieo caoai?thaaiue” (OAeE 575.1/. 2: 599.9, ?
aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 0196U002581).
Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – c’ynoaaoe
oa?aeoa? oniaaeeoaaiiy ini??aco, eiai ??cieo ee?i?/ieo oi?i, aaiaoe/iee
ca’ycie i?ae ieie ? ca’ycie c? no?oeoo?ith iiioeyoe??.
A ca’yceo c oeei aoee iinoaaeai? oae? caaaeaiiy:
1. I?iaanoe aaiaoe/iee aiae?c ini??aco, a?aoiaoth/e ee?i?/iee
iie?ii?o?ci caoai?thaaiiy.
2. Aea/eoe aieea aaiaoeei-aeaiia?ao?/ieo iniaeeainoae iiioeyoe?? ia
iai?oanoaoe?th caoai?thaaiiy.
3. I?iaiae?coaaoe ?iciianthaeaeai?noue ini??aco a ??cieo aoi?/ieo a?oiao
oa aaia?ao?/ieo ciiao.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aaoi?ii aeine?aeaeaia aaiaoe/ia
aeaoa?i?iaoe?y ini??aco, aea/aii oaiiiai eiai ee?i?/iiai iie?ii?o?cio,
noai?aia aaeaeaaoia iiaeaeue eiai oniaaeeoaaiiy oa aea/aii iniaeeaino?
eiai iai?oanoaoe?? a oiiaao iiioeyoe?e c ??cieie ??aiai o?aai?caoe?? oa
ee?iaoi-aaia?ao?/ieie oiiaaie.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Cai?iiiiiaaia iiaeaeue
oniaaeeoaaiiy aeicaiey? ooi/ieoe ioe?iee ?eceeo caoai?thaaiiy c
o?aooaaiiyi ee?i?/ieo oi?i oa aoi?/ieo iniaeeainoae i?iaaiae?a na?aae
?oi?o ?iaee/?a, ui iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e iaaeeei-aaiaoe/iiio
eiinoeueooaaii?.
Ioe?iee ?eceeo iieacai? o aeaeyae? oaaeeoeue ?eceeo, ui aa?eoee a
“Iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aeey aaiaoe/iiai i?iaiico ?icaeoeo ini??aco”.
Aaiaoe/i? ioe?iee noeeueiino? aei ini??aco ai?iaaaeaeothoueny a
e?eoaaeueii-ae?aaiinoe/io ?iaioo Oa?e?anueeiai iaeaniiai ee?i?/iiai
oe??ii-aaia?ieia?/iiai aeeniaina?o, oaeiae iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? a
?ioeo iaaee/ieo ? e?eoaaeueieo onoaiiaao e?ea?yie.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e aeeeaaeaii? eo?n?a
“Aaiaoeea ethaeeie”, “Aaiaoe/iee aiae?c” eaoaae?e aaiaoeee ? oeeoieia??
OAeO, oaeiae iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? a ?ioeo aeueo iaa/aeueieo
caeeaaeao Oe?a?ie, aea /eoathoueny a?ieia?/i? ? iaaee/i? aeenoeeie?ie.
Eiii’thoa?i? i?ia?aie, noai?ai? a i?ioean? ?iaioe ai?iaaaeaeaii? a
iaa/aeueiee i?ioean i?e aeeeaaeaii? eo?n?a “Iaoaiaoe/i? iaoiaee a
a?ieia??” ? “Noaoenoe/i? iaoiaee a aaiaoeoe?”.
C?a?aia a i?ioean? ?iaioe aeieoiaioaoe?y aeei?enoiao?oueny i?e
aeeiiaii? eo?niaeo ? aeeieiiieo ?ia?o nooaeaioaie a?ieia?/iiai
oaeoeueoaoo.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
aeiiia?aeaeenue ? iaaiai?ai? ia: aeaio eiioa?aioe?yo iieiaeeo a/aieo
a?ieia?/iiai oaeoeueoaoo OAeO (1996?., 1997?. Oa?e?a), ia ?? c’?cae?
iaaee/ieo aaiaoee?a Oe?a?ie (i. Euea?a, 1995?.), ia ainueiie
eiioa?aioe?? Jahrestagung der gesellschaft fur human genetuk (Gottingen,
1996 ?.).
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii n?i ?ia?o a
iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao, ca??eao iaoeiaeo ?ia?o, iaoa??aeao ? oacao
eiioa?aioe?e.
Ia’?i oa no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 109 noi?
iaoeiiiai oaenoo, yeee i?noeoue 44 oaaeeoeue, 6 iaethie?a; neeaaea?oueny
c anooio, iaeyaeo e?oa?aoo?e, ?icae?eo, i?enay/aiiio iaoa??aeai oa
caniaai, aeei?enoaiei o ?iaio?, 10 ?icae?e?a iniaenoeo aeine?aeaeaiue oa
aeniiae?a; a?ae?ia?ao?/iee iieaciee neeaaea?oueny c 141 aeaea?aea.
IAOA??AEE OA IAOIAeE AeINE?AeAEAIUe
Na?? aaiaaeia?/iiai iaoa??aeo (Ia?oe, *aec, 1979) o i. Oa?eia? oa
Oa?e?anueeie iaeano? i?iaaaeaia caniaii iaeeie/ii? ?a?no?aoe??
(Cavalli-Sforza, 1971) ia aac? Oa?e?anueeiai iaeaniiai ee?i?/iiai
oe??ii-aaia?ieia?/iiai aeeniaina?o (aaoi? ae?aaea? aaeeeo iiaeyeo
iaoeiaiio eiinoeueoaioo aieiaiiio e?ea?th I.I.?eaeei ca ieacaio
aeiiiiiao) oa a?aeae?eaiiy aea?iaoieia?? Oe?a?inueeiai
iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai ?inoeoooo aea?iaoieia?? oa aaia?ieia?? (aaoi?
ae?aaea? iiaeyeo caa?aeoth/ae a?aeae?eaiiyi ss.O.Eooanaa?/).
Io?eiaia aaiaaeia?/ia ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i 147 ae?iie ? 253 /ieia?e?a a?eii
a?ae 11 aei 80 ?ie?a, oai?eo ia ??ciiiai?oi? oi?ie ini??aco. Oaiioeie
i?iaaiae?a ? ?iaee/?a ioe?ithaaeeny ii ae?aaiicao e?ea??a ? i?e aea/aii?
iaaee/ii? aeieoiaioaoe??. ?iciianthaeaeai?noue ini??aco ii caii?e eoe?
aea/aeany ca aeaieie na?oiai? eeoa?aoo?e.
Noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea ?acoeueoao?a i?iaaaeaia caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie
ia?aiao?e/iei? oa iaia?aiao?e/ieie iaoiaeai? (Eaeei, 1990).
Naa?aaaoe?ei? /anoioe oa ?o iiieee? ae?aoiaoaaeenue ca oi?ioeaie aeey
iaoiaea iaeeie/ii? ?a?no?aoe?? (Cavalli-Sfortha, 1971). Eiiiiiaioiee
aiae?c i?iaaaeaii c aeei?enoaiiyi eiao?oe??io?a ei?aeyoe?? i?ae
?iaee/ai?, ye? ae?aoiaai? ca ??aiyiiyi? aeueoa?iaoeaii? oa
eaac?iai?a?eaii? iiaeae? oniaaeeoaaiiy (Falconer, 1965, Mendell, 1974,
Elston, 1974). Ioe?iea ia?aiao??a iiaeae? aieiaiiai aaia c iaiiaiith
iaiao?aioi?noth io?eiaia oeyoii ??oaiiy ae?nia?n?eieo ??aiyiue (James,
1971). Aaiaoe/iee ?ecee ?ic?aoiaai ca iaoiaeiie Morton, (1969), Smith,
(1971). Ae?aoiaaie anioe?aoe?? ini??aco c eioei? caoai?thaaiiyi?.
Ia/eneaiiy aeeiiai? ia IBM-486 DX2 c aeei?enoaiiyi III GAP, ?ic?iaeaiei
i?e ni?eueii? ?iaio? eaoaae?e aaiaoeee oa oeeoieia?? OAeO oa eaoaae?e
ANO OAO. (Aaoi? ae?aaea? aaeeeo iiaeyeo E. I. Iaoaoe?io, ?. I.
Iao?aea?ao, I. A. Cai/aieo, A. A. Ioioyio ca ieacaio aeiiiiiao i?e
eiiiuethoa?i?e ia?iaoe? aeaieo, O.O. Ei?iaei ca aeiiiiiao i?e
?aaeaaoaaii? aaoi?aoa?aoo).
?ACOEUeOAOE AeINE?AeAEAIUe OA ?O
IAAIAI?AIIss
A ca’yceo c oei, ui /anoioa iaeiiai ? oiai aea caoai?thaaiiy iiaea aooe
??ciiiai?oiith a ??cieo ?aa?iiao, aoi?/ieo a?oiao, aoei i?iaaaeaia
aea/aiiy ?iciianthaeaeaiino? ini??aco a Oa?e?anuee?e iaeano?.
?iciianthaeaeai?noue ini??aco a Oa?e?anuee?e iaeano? ?ic?aoiaoaaeany ia
eiio?ieuei?e a?oi?, yea i?noeea 186 ae?iie ? /ieia?e?a a?eii a?ae 0 aei
60 ?ie?a oa iiiaae 1500 ?oi?o ?iaee/?a ia?oiai oa ae?oaiai nooiai?a
nii??aeiaiino?. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy na?ae/aoue i?i a?eicaeaaeio
i?e?iaeo caoai?thaaiiy, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny ? aeaieie ?ioeo aaoi??a
(Aeiaaeaineee , Oooe , 1992, Iniaiiaa , 1985, Ea?aaeiia , 1983). *anoioa
ini??aco o ae?oae a oa?e?anuee?e iiioeyoe?? neeaaea? aeecueei 0.53%,
/anoioa ini??aco aeey in?a na?aaeiueiai a?eo neeaaea? 0.71%, /anoioa
ini??aco na?aae aaouee?a in?a eiio?ieueii? a?oie ??aia 0.80%, caaaeueia
/anoioa ini??aco ii oa?e?anuee?e iiioeyoe?? – 0.71%. A a?aeiia?aeiino? c
ee?i?/ieie iniaeeainoyie ini??aco i?iaaiaee aoee iiae?eai? ia aea?
a?oie: ia?oa ia’?aeio? oai?eo c oeie oi?iaie ini??aco, ui
oa?aeoa?ecothoueny o?aaeaiiyie oe??e aac o?aaeaiue noaeia?a. Ae?oaa
a?oia – oai?eo c oaeeie aea oi?iaie ini??aco, aea oneeaaeiaieie
a?o?iiaoe?th. *anoea a?o?iiaoe/iiai ini??aco o oa?e?anuee?e iiioeyoe??
(16.5%) ni?aiaaea? c aeaieie ii ?ioeo iiioeyoeeyo – 5-30% (Y?aean,
Ea?aaeiia, 1985). Aea/aiiy ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oi?i ini??aco iieacaei, ui o
oa?e?anuee?e iiioeyoe?? /anoea a?eo?iaea?i?? aeua, yenoaeaoeaiiai
ini??aco – ieae/a, eeane/iiai, cae/aeiiai, ini??aco oaea ae, ye ? a
?ioeo iiioeyoe?yo. Iiaeeeai, a?aei?iiino? iia’ycai? c iniaeeainoyie
ia?aa?ao ini??aco a aeaiiio ?aa?ii? aai iaaaeeeith e?euee?noth aeaieo
i?i ?io? iiioeyoe?? aeey ii??aiyiiy, aai ??ciiiai?oieie ae?aaiinoe/ieie
e?eoa??yie. Aiae?c ?iaeiaiae?a iieacaa, ui oai?? ia ini??ac ?iaee/?
i?iaaiae?a neeaaeathoue 2.0-11.9%, ui a 3-17 ?ac?a (?0, 05
0, 05
p>0, 05
p>0, 05
p>0, 05 7.4
44.0
33.0
13.7 7.8
37.0
42.0
12.814.4
49.4
30.2
6.016.7
45.5
28.8
9.1IIIIIIV3.4
Na?aaei?e a?e ii/aoeo ini??aco o ae?iie ? /ieia?e?a aeey ??cieo
nooiai?a yeciaai?? a??ia?aeii ia ?ic??ciy?oueny, oiae? ye aeey
caoai?thaaiue, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoueny aaiaoe/iith aaoa?iaaii?noth,
oa?aeoa?ii a?eueo i?ci?e ii/aoie iai?oanoaoe?? caoai?thaaiiy o in?a
cieaeaii? aeciaai??. *ei a?eueoa oethaia a?aenoaiue aaouee?a, oei aeua
nooi?iue aaoa?ic?aioiino? iioiinoaa, a oea ? iiaeeea?noth i?iyao oeo aai
?ioeo aai?a (Aeoooia, 1989). Aoaeoe ?ia??ae?iaa ? aooa??ae?iaa
aieeaathoue ia i?iya ?aoeaneaieo aai?a, o yeeo a?eueoa ?iia??i?noue
aeyaeoeny a aiiic?aio?. Aeey ini??aco ia aeyaeaii aieeao nooiaiy
aeciaai?? aaouee?anueei? ?aia?aoe??, ui aiai?eoue i?ioe iiiiaaiii? ?
iie?aaiii? ?aoeaneaii? eiai i?e?iaee.
Ini??ac i?eeiyoi aaaaeaoe nenoaiiei caoai?thaaiiyi, oiio ieoaiiy i?i
ca’ycie ini??aco c ?ioeie iaoieiaeyie ?icaeyaeaeiny ??cieie aaoi?aie.
Aeey oiai, uia ii??aiyoe noeeuei?noue /ieia?e?a ? ae?iie aei ?yaeo
caoai?thaaiue, aoee iiaoaeiaai? ?yaee ?iciiae?eo ??ciiiai?oieo
caoai?thaaiue aeey /ieia?e?a ? ae?iie ana?aaeei? eiio?ieueii? ? iniiai?e
a?oi, ui a??ia?aeii ia ?ic??ciythoueny. Aeey /ieia?e?a eiio?ieueii? ?
iniiaii? a?oi ??cieoey i?ae ?yaeaie ?iciiae?eo a??ia?aeia (O2=36.1, ?
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