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Довговічність деталей обладнання харчової промисловості при корозійно-механічному зношуванні: Автореф. дис… д-ра техн. наук / М.С. Стечишин, Технол.

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I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie

Oaoiieia?/iee oi?aa?neoao Iiae?eey

Noa/eoei Ie?ineaa Noaiaiiae/

OAeE 620:193.16.664

IAOIAeE IOe?IEE ? I?AeAEUAIIss AeIAAIA?*IINO? AeAOAEAE IAEAAeIAIIss
OA?*IAI? I?IIENEIAINO? I?E EI?IC?EII-IAOAI?*IIIO CIIOOAAII?

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 05.02.04 – Oa?oy oa ciiooaaiiy a iaoeiao

Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy

iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Oiaeueieoeueeee, 1998

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oaoiieia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? Iiae?eey (i.
Oiaeueieoeueeee)

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio – Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Ieaenaiae? ?aaiiae/ Iaeic, Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao oa?/iaeo
oaoiieia?e, caa. eaoaae?ith

(i. Ee?a)

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

1. Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? ?aaeie?iia Aaaeei Aeieo?iae/,
Iaeanueeee aea?aeaaiee ii?nueeee oi?aa?neoao, caa. eao. noaei?aiiioo, i.
Iaeana;

2 Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Oeuaiei Aaiaae?e Iao?iae/,
Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee o?i?ei-oaoiieia?/iee oi?aa?neoao, i?io. eao.
o?i?/iiai iii?o iaoa??ae?a ? caoenoo a?ae ei?ic??, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee;

3 Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Eeneee Ieaenaiae? Ieaenaiae?iae/,
aeaaeai?y i?eei?aeiiieo a?enuee Oe?a?ie, caa. eao. caaaeueiiiaoeiaeo oa
?iaeaia?ieo aeenoeeie?i, i. Oiaeueieoeueeee.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: O?ceei-oaoiieia?/iee ?inoeooo iaoae?a oa nieaa?a IAI
Oe?a?ie, i.Ee?a

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “24” a?oaeiy 1998 ?. i 10–e aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 70.052.02 i?e
Oaoiieia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? Iiae?eey ca aae?anith: 280016, i.
Oiaeueieoeueeee, aoe. ?inoeooonueea, 11, O o/aiaee ei?ion

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? oi?aa?neoaoo ca
aae?anith:

280016, i. Oiaeueieoeueeee, aoe. Eai’yiaoeueea, 110/2.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “23” eenoiiaaea 1998 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
Eaeaea A. N.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Aiae?c ?iaioe iaeaaeiaiiy i?aei?e?inoa oa?/iai?
i?iieneiaino? na?ae/eoue, ui eiai iaaeinoaoiy iaae?ei?noue ?
aeiaaia?/i?noue, a aaaaoueio aeiaaeeao, coiiaeaia ?ioaineaiei
ei?ic?eii-iaoai?/iei ciiooaaiiyi (EIC) aeaoaeae i?e ?o eiioaeo? c
ei?ic?eii-aeoeaieie na?aaeiaeuaie (EAN) oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa. EAN
oa?/iai? i?iieneiaino? – oea aiaei? ?ic/eie, ye? a oe?ieeo iaaeao
a?ae??ciythoueny i?ae niaith ?aaeoe??th (?I 2…14), oaiia?aoo?ith,
aonoeiith, a’yce?noth, ai?noii ??cieo ?ic/eiieo ? ia?ic/eiieo
eiiiiiaio?a, ianaiia?aae oeoe?ice (15…65%), i?aai?/ieo eeneio,
iiaa?oiaai-aeoeaieo ?a/iaei, aa?aceaieo aeii?oie oiui. Oiio
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a EIC a oaoiieia?/ieo na?aaeiaeuao oa?/iaeo
ae?iaieoeoa ia? ia o?eueee i?aeoe/ia, aea ? iaoeiaa cia/aiiy. E??i oiai,
i?iaeaia iaae?eiino? ?iaioe iaeaaeiaiiy oa?/iai? i?iieneiaino? aaaeeeaa
oiio, ui aeaaaeaiiy eiai c eaaeo ni?e/eiy? ia eeoa cieaeaiiy
i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aei?e?inoaa, aea ? /anoi i?ecaiaeeoue aei eiai iiaii?
coieiee oa cia/ieo ao?ao aiane?aeie inoaaiiy i?iaeoeo?a ? aeo?aeii?
ne?iaeie.

I?i aeiiii?/ia cia/aiiy i?iaeaie i?aeaeuaiiy iaae?eiino? ?
aeiaaia?/iino? na?ae/eoue oie oaeo, ui ca 10 ?ie?a ia ?aiiio iaeaaeiaiiy
oa?/iaeo i?aei?e?inoa Oe?a?ie aeo?a/athoueny eiooe, ye? aei??aiththoue
iiai?e aa?oino? iniiaieo ae?iaie/eo oiiae?a, a aa?o?noue aeiaiaiai
i?inoith iaeiiai oeoe?iaiai caaiaeo na?aaeiuei? iiooaeiino? neeaaea?
a?ey 40 oeny/ a?eaaiue.

O ca’yceo c ia?aoiaeii Oe?a?ie aei oiia ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee, c
iaeii/aniei c?inoaiiyi aeiia aei i?iaeoeoeaiino?, iaae?eiino? ?
aoaeoeaiino? ?iaioe iaeaaeiaiiy aeieea? i?iaeaia caaacia/aiiy
i?i?iaeueieo aeo?ao i?e eiai aeaioiaeaii? oa aenieoaoaoe??. Oiio
i?iaiicoaaiiy ? iaoiaee ioe?iee aeiaaia?/iino? oa iaae?eiino? ?iaioe
oaoiieia?/iiai iaeaaeiaiiy, iaoei ? aia?ao?a oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa
iathoue aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy. Aaea ia noaae?? i?iaeooaaiiy ? aeaioiaeaiiy
aeaoaeae iaiao?aeii iaoe ?ic?aooieia? iieacieee iaae?eiino? oa
aeiaaia?/iino? ?o ?iaioe caeaaeii a?ae oiia aenieoaoaoe??, aeaeo oa
aa?aneaiino? ?iai/iai na?aaeiaeua, oeio oa?i?/ii? ? o?i?ei-oa?i?/ii?
ia?iaee (OOI) iaoae?a oiui.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie ? oaiaie. ?iaioa
a?aeiia?aea? i?ei?eoaoiei iai?yieai ?icaeoeo iaoee oa oaoi?ee (i.3,
i.6) caoaa?aeaeaieie Iinoaiiaith A? Oe?a?ie ? 2705 a?ae 16.10.92 ?. ?
Iaeacii I?iina?oe Oe?a?ie ? 330 a?ae 04.12.95 ?., a?aeiia?aea?
Aea?aeaai?e iaoeiai–oaoi?/i?e i?ia?ai? 05.44.11 “Canoinoaaiiy a
i?iieneiaiio ae?iaieoeoa? ?iiii–ieaciiai? oaoiieia?? ” oa ieaio
i?iaaaeaiiy iaoeiai–aeine?aeieo ?ia?o eaoaae?e iaoeiiciaanoaa OO
Iiae?eey ca oaiith: “I?aeaeuaiiy iaae?eiino? ? aeiaaia?/iino? ?iaioe
aeaoaeae iaoei”.

Iaoa oa caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaathoue o ?ic?iaoe? ia aac?
oai?aoe/ieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue iaoeiaeo iniia ?
iaoiae?a ioe?iee ciinino?eeino? i?e EIC iaoae?a, i?aeaeuaiiy
iaae?eiino? oa aeiaaia?/iino? ?iaioe aeaoaeae oaoiieia?/iiai iaeaaeiaiiy
c aeei?enoaiiyi aeinyaiaiue no/anieo, i?ia?aneaieo oaoiieia?e
ci?oeiaiiy. Oe?e iao? i?aeii?yaeeiaai? oae? caaea/?:

1. ?ic?iaea iaoiae?a eiiieaeniiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ciinino?eeino?
iaoa??ae?a ? aeaoaeae a ei?ic?eii-aeoeaieo na?aaeiaeuao. 2. Oai?aoe/i?
oa aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy ciiooaaiiy oa ?oeioaaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo
oa??a iaoa??ae?a ? ioe?iea ?o ciinino?eeino? i?e oa?o? oa i?e
i?e?ioaea?iiio iaaaioaaeaii? a EAN. 3. Aeine?aeaeaiiy ?ie? ei?ic?eiiai
oaeoi?o ?oeioaaiiy caeaaeii a?ae oa?aeoa?enoee ?iai/eo ??aeei,
aeoeaiino? ?o ae?? ia iiaa?oith i?e eaa?oaoe?? oa a?ae oiia
iaaaioaaeaiiy o?eeoe?eiiai eiioaeoo i?e oa?o?. 4. Iaea?aeaiiy
o?ceei–iaoai?/ieo iiaeaeae ?oeioaaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a iaoa??ae?a i?e
EIC a ??aeeiieo na?aaeiaeuao ? i?iaiicoaaiiy ia oe?e iniia?
aeiaaia?/iino? aeaoaeae iaeaaeiaiiy. 5. ?ic?iaea oa i?aeoe/ia ia?aa??ea
iiaeo oaoiieia?/ieo ??oaiue i?aeaeuaiiy aeiaaia?/iino? aeaoaeae
iaeaaeiaiiy oa?/iai? i?iieneiaino? oeyoii iaa?oioiaaiiai aeai?o
eiino?oeoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a, caoenieo iie?eoo?a, aeae?a ? iioeiaeueieo
?aaeei?a ci?oeithaaeueieo oaoiieia?e, a oaeiae ?ic?iaea oa
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o ae?iaieoeoai iiaeo niinia?a ? i?ia?aneaieo oaoiieia?e
ci?oeiaiiy aeaoaeae.

Aeey ae??oaiiy iinoaaeaieo caaea/ canoiniaoaaeenue oai?aoe/i? oa
aenia?eiaioaeuei? iaoiaee ? caniae aeine?aeaeaiue EIC iaoa??ae?a c
o?aooaaiiyi eiiieaeno yaeu, ui noi?iaiaeaeothoue ciiooaaiiy iiaa?oiiue o
??aeeiieo ?iai/eo na?aaeiaeuao.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a ?oeioaaiiy i?e EIC o na?aaeiaeuao
i?iaiaeeeinue ia iniia? iieiaeaiue o?ceei-o?i?/ii? iaoai?ee iaoa??ae?a,
?ic?iaeaieo I.I. ?aa?iaea?ii, I.I. Aoiaoiaei, A.A. Ea?iaiei, A.I.
I?aenii, I.A. Nieiaoaii, I.?. Iaeicii oa ?ioeie aeine?aeieeaie, a i?e
eaa?oaoe?eiiio ?oeioaaii? ia iniia? no?oeoo?ii-aia?aaoe/ii? oai???
ciiooaaiiy, ?icaeiooeo E.?. Iiaiaea?aei, I.?. Iaeicii, TH.I. Oea?oeiaei,
yea aaco?oueny ia no?oeoo?ii-aia?aaoe/i?e oai??? aoiiethaaiino? iaoae?a
A.N. ?aaiiai?, aoiiii? oai??? ciiooaaiiy ?.A. E?aaaeuenueeiai, yaeu
no?oeoo?iiai i?enoinoaaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a i?e oa?o? A.?.
Einoaoeueeiai, iieiaeaiue e?iaoe/ii? oai??? i?oeiino? N.I. AEo?eiaa c
aeei?enoaiiyi oai??? aeeneieaoe?e, o?ceee i?oeiino? oa ieanoe/iino?
iaoae?a.

Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?noeee:

1. Aiae?c oiia ?iaioe aeaoaeae oaoiieia?/iiai iaeaaeiaiiy ? aeae?a ?o
ciiooaaiiy. 2. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a ciiooaaiiy iaoa??ae?a ia
eaai?aoi?ieo noaiaeao o iiaeaeueieo ?ic/eiao ? ?iai/eo na?aaeiaeuao
oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa. 3. Aea/aiiy i?ioean?a ?oeioaaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a
c aeiiiiiaith iaoaeia?ao?/iiai, ?aioaaiino?oeoo?iiai, oa?iiaai?oiiai
(OI?), aeaeo?io?i?/iiai oa ?ioeo iaoiae?a aiae?co. 4. Aeine?aeaeaiiy
ci?ie oa?aeoa?o aeaoi?ioaaiiy ? ?oeioaaiiy ?iai/eo iiaa?oiiue c?ace?a oa
aeaoaeae i?ney i?iaaaeaiiy ??cieo aeae?a iiaa?oiaaiai ci?oeiaiiy.
5. Ai?iaaoe?th iaea?aeaieo oai?aoe/ieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?acoeueoao?a
o ae?iaie/eo oiiaao.

I?e aeeiiaii? ?iaioe oe?iei canoiniaoaaeenue AII ? no/ani? iaoiaee
iioaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee – aeoeaia ieaioaaiiy aenia?eiaioo, ei?aeyoe?eiee
aiae?c aeaieo, oai??y a?ao?a.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a

1. Iaea?aeaii iia? aeai? i?i aieea EAN ia i?ioeane ciiooaaiiy oa
?oeioaaiiy ?iai/eo iiaa?oiiue, ui aeaei iiaeeea?noue ia iniia?
iieiaeaiue o?ceei-o?i?/ii? iaoai?ee iaoa??ae?a ?ic?iaeoe iaoeiai
iaa?oioiaaio noaio aiae?co oa aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a EIC iaoa??ae?a.

2. Ia aac? no?oeoo?ii-aia?aaoe/ii? oai??? ciiooaaiiy, a?ae?iaeeiai?/ii?
oai??? iioe?aiiy oaea?ieo oaeeue oa ??aiyiue iaiaeii??aeieo nooe?eueieo
na?aaeiaeu a i?oaeii-ieanoe/i?e iaeano? iaea?aeai? e?eoa??? oa iniiai?
??aiyiiy eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eii? ciinino?eeino? iaoa??ae?a.

3. ?icaeiaia iaoiaeeea aecia/aiiy ei?ic?eiiai oaeoi?o i?e EIC iaoae?a
oeyoii eiii’thoa?ii? ia?iaee iiey?ecaoe?eieo e?eaeo, aiane?aeie /iai
iaea?aeaii aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino? oa ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae ei?ic?eiei ?
iaoai?/iei oaeoi?aie ?oeioaaiiy, ui, a naith /a?ao, aeaei iiaeeea?noue
?ic?iaeoe iaoiaee ioe?iee oa i?iaiicoaaiiy aeiaaia?/iino? aeaoaeae
iaeaaeiaiiy.

4. Anoaiiaeaii aca?iica’ycie i?ae neeaaeii, no?oeoo?ith ci?oeiaiiai
oa?o, ia?aiao?aie e?enoae?/ii? aoaeiae oa aeiaaia?/i?noth acioiaaieo
aeaoaeae i?e ?o EIC.

5.  C iiceoe?e oai??? aeeneieaoe?e ?icaeyiooi oeeee?/iee oa?aeoa? ci?ie
aia?ai?iiino? iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a iaoae?a ? ?o ciinino?eeino? i?e EIC a
aa?aneaieo na?aaeiaeuao.

6. Ia iniia? iiia?aaeiueiai iaaiaeithaaiiy iiaa?oiiue iaoae?a ?ic?iaeaii
iia? niiniae oa oaoiieia?? OOI, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeai? aaoi?nueeeie
na?aeiooeoaaie ? ia iniia? yeeo aeinyaiooi cia/iiai i?aeaeuaiiy
ciinino?eeino? aeaoaeae.

7. Ia aac? iiaeaeae I?iaaia ? Iiooi-Iaaa??i aeeiiaii oai?aoe/i?
?ic?aooiee ci?oeiaiiy cii aioo??oiueiai aciooaaiiy, ye? iieacaee cia/i?
iioaioe?ei? iiaeeeaino? iaea?aeaiiy acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue c
iaeneiaeueieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie i?oeiino? ca ?aooiie iioeiaeueiiai
eaaoaaiiy iao?eoe? i?o?eaeaie ? ea?a?aeaie oa oe?eani?yiiaaiiai
ea?oaaiiy ii?oieia??th oeeo oac. Iieacaii, ui aeniea aio/e?noue
i?enoinoaaiiy acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue aei ci?ie ciai?oi?o oiia
iaaaioaaeaiiy iiynith?oueny ooieoe?iiaeueiith iiaaae?ieith
“debris – oa?o” oa oiiaith i?i?i?caoe?? (E/A, ui aea? ciiao
iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaii ea?oaaoe ciinino?ee?noth ci?oeiaieo iiaa?oiiue i?e
?o EIC.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a

Iaea?aeaii noaoenoe/i? aeai? i?i iaae?ei?noue oa aeiaaia?/i?noue
aeaoaeae iaeaaeiaiiy i?e ?o ciiooaaii? a EAN oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa,
cie?aia i?iaaaeaii eiiieaenia aeine?aeaeaiiy ciinino?eeino? aeaoaeae
a?aeoeaio?iaeo ianin?a. ?ic?iaeai? niiniae ? iaoiaee i?enei?aiiai
aecia/aiiy ciinino?eeino? iaoa??ae?a i?e EIC. ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaeeee
ioe?iee aeiaaia?/iino? caoenieo iie?ia?eiiiiceoe?eieo, oa?iiaeeooc?eieo
oa ?iiii-acioiaaieo iie?eoo?a, ui aeicaiey? iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii
i?aeoiaeeoe aei aeai?o ci?oeithaaeueieo oaoiieia?e, noai?aiith iiaeo
niinia?a oa oaoiieia?e OOI. ?ic?iaeai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii aeai?o
iaoa??ae?a ? canoinoaaiith ci?oeithaaeueieo oaoiieia?e ia?iaee aeaoaeae
iaeaaeiaiiy c iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy ?o aeiaaia?/iino?. Ai?iaaaeaeai? o
ae?iaieoeoai iia? niiniae oa?iiaeeooc?eiiai o?iioaaiiy oa ?iiiiai
aciooaaiiy; aecia/ai? iioeiaeuei? ?aaeeie o?iioaaiiy oa aciooaaiiy; ia
iniia? iaoiae?a ei?aeyoe?eiiai aiae?co ? oai??? a?ao?a iaea?aeai?
??aiyiiy ?aa?an??, ui aeicaieythoue i?iaiicoaaoe aeiaaia?/i?noue
iaea?aeaieo iie?eoo?a.

?aae?caoe?y ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ia?aa??ai?
o ae?iaie/eo oiiaao ? aeei?enoiaothoueny ia ?yae? i?aei?e?inoa Oe?a?ie:
Oiaeueieoeueeee i’ynieiia?iao, Oiaeueieoeueeee caaiae AAeA?N-Cai/anoeia,
AAO Oa?iii?euenueeee eiiaaeiiaee caaiae, Eai’yiaoeue-Iiae?euenueeee
oeoe?icaaiae, Oa?iii?euenueeee caaiae aacaeeiaieueieo iaii?a oa ?io?.
?ic?iaeai? iaoiaeeee ioe?iee eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eii? no?eeino? iaoae?a ?
caoenieo iie?eoo?a aeei?enoiaothoueny a Ee?anueeiio IAI “Oa?/iiao”,
o?ceei-iaoai?/iiio ?inoeooo? ?i. A.A. Ea?iaiea IAI Oe?a?ie i?e aeai?? ?
noai?aii? iiaeo ciinino?eeeo iaoa??ae?a ? iie?eoo?a.

Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeei?enoiaothoueny o iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean?
Oe?a?inueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e (i. Ee?a),
Oaoiieia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo Iiae?eey (i. Oiaeueieoeueeee) oa a
Oa?iii?euenueeiio i?eeaaeiaoae?aiiio ?inoeooo?.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a

-Aeyaeaiiy, ia iniia? aiae?co ? ocaaaeueiaiiy no/anieo ?acoeueoao?a oa
aeaieo aeanieo aeine?aeaeaiue, i?e?iaee ei?ic?eii-iaoai?/iiai ciiooaaiiy
oa iaoai?cio eiai i?io?eaiiy, ui noaei iniiaith aeey i?iaaaeaiiy
aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa aiae?oe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue;

– ?ic?iaea aiaeioe/ieo iiaeaeae oa iniiaieo ?iaiyiue eaaioaoeieii
–a?icieiiai ciiooaaiiy iaoa?iaeia c a?aooaaiiyi ei?icieii? aeoeaiinoi
na?aaeiaeu;

– iaa?oiooaaiiy, ?ic?iaea oa ?icaeoie iniiaieo i?eioeeiia i iaoiaeee
i?iaiicoaaiiy ciininoieeinoi iiaa?oiaaeo oa?ia iaoa?iaeia i?e ?o
ei?icieii-iaoaii/iiio ciiooaaiii;

– aeineiaeaeaiiy, ?ic?iaea oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oaoiieiaie ciioeiaiiy
iiaa?oiiue oeyoii iioaineoieaoei? aeeoocieieo i?ioeania i?e OOI;

– iaa?oiooaaiiy oa ?ic?iaea iaoiaeee aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeineiaeaeaiue
oa eiiieaeniiai aecia/aiiy noaio iiaa?oiaaeo oa?ia iaoa?iaeia i?e ?o
eiioaeoi c na?aaeiaeuaie-aeaeo?ieioaie;

-o/anoue o iinoaiiaoei oa i?iaaaeaiii aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeineiaeaeaiue,
ocaaaeueiaiiy ?o ?acoeueoaoia.

-ia?aa??ea ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue a ae?iaie/eo oiiaao oa
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?o o ae?iaieoeoai.

Ie?ai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe iaea?aeai? c aeei?enoaiiyi iieiaeaiue
no?oeoo?ii-aia?aaoe/ii? oai??? eaa?oaoe?eii – a?ic?eiiai ciiooaaiiy
iaoae?a, iaaiai?thaaeeny ? ooi/ithaaeeny c ?? aaoi?ii E. ?.
Iiaiaea?aei, ae?noaee iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie ? aeiiiaiai? iieiaeaiiy
iiaiai ?icae?eo o?ceei-o?i?/ii? iaoai?ee EIC iaoae?a o na?aaeiaeuao
oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa, caii/aoeiaaieo A. I. I?aenii, I. A. Nieiaoaii, I.
?. Iaeicii. A ?iaio? oaeiae aeei?enoai? iaoeia? iniiae ?iiiiai
aciooaaiiy oa iaeaaeiaiiy aeey eiai ?aae?caoe?? ?ic?iaeai? A. A.
Eaieoiii.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy oa ie?ai?
?icae?ee aeiiia?aeaeenue ? iaaiai?thaaeenue c 1982 ii 1998 ?. ia 42
neiiic?oiao, iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo ? nai?ia?ao, c ieo 5
i?aeia?iaeieo, 9 ananithcieo, 10 ?anioae?eainueeeo oa i?ae?aa?iiaeueieo,
18 ?aa?iiaeueieo oa iaeanieo, o o./. ia: I?aeia?iaeiiio neiiic?oi?
(I?i/iinoue iaoa?eaeia e yeaiaioia eiino?oeoeee i?e caoeiauo e
oeueo?acaoeiauo /anoioao iaa?oaeaiey( (Ee?a, 1984); ananithci?e
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? (Iiaua iaoa?eaeu e oaoiieiaee oa?ie/aneie
ia?aaioee iaoaeeia( (Ee?a, 1985); ?anioae?eainuee?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? (Iiauoaiea iaaeaaeiinoe e aeieaiaa/iinoe iaoei e
nii?oaeaiee( (Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1985); ananithci?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? (Iiaua iaoa?eaeu e oi?i/iythuea oaoiieiaee ia iniiaa
i?ia?anneaiuo iaoiaeia a oa?ie/aneie e oeieei-oa?ie/aneie ia?aaioea a
aaoino?iaiee( (Oieueyoo?, 1986); ananithci?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? (Eioaineoeeaoeey oaoiieiae/aneeo i?ioeannia iaoaie/aneie
ia?aaioee( (Eai?ia?aae, 1986); ciiaeuei?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe??
(I?ia?anneaiua oaoiieiaee oi?i/iaiey aeaoaeae iaoei e eino?oiaioa n
i?eiaiaieai enoi/ieeia n aunieie eiioeaio?aoeeae yia?aee( (Iaica, 1986);
ananithciiio iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiio nai?ia?? (Oaoiieiaey e iai?oaeiaaiea
aeey iiauo i?ia?anneaiuo iaoiaeia OOI aeaoaeae o?aeoi?ia e
naeueoiciaoei( (Aieaia?aae, 1988); ananithci?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? (Eiino?oeoeaii-oaoiieiae/aneea iaoiaeu iiauoaiey
iaaeaaeiinoe e eo noaiaea?oecaoeey( (Ooea, 1988); ananithci?e
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? (Iiauoaiea iaaeaaeiinoe e aeieaiaa/iinoe
iaoa?eaeia e aeaoaeae iaoei ia iniiaa iiauo iaoiaeia oa?ie/aneie e
oeieei-oa?ie/aneie ia?aaioee( (Oiaeueieoeueeee, 1988); ananithci?e
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? (Iiaua iaoa?eaeu e ?ano?ninaa?aaathuea
oaoiieiaee oa?ie/aneie e OOI aeaoaeae iaoei e eino?oiaioia( (Iaoa/eaea,
1989); ananithci?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? (Eciininoieeinoue
iaoei( (A?yinuee, 1991); i?ae?anioae?eainuee?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? (Ea/anoai e iaaeaaeiinoue oceia o?aiey( (Oiaeueieoeueeee,
1992); ??? iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? (?ic?iaea oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
i?ia?aneaieo oaoiieia?e oa iaeaaeiaiiy o oa?/iao oa ia?a?iaio
i?iieneia?noue( (Ee?a, 1995); IV i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? c iaoai?ee
iaiaeii??aeieo no?oeoo? (Oa?iii?eue, 1995), ??? i?aeia?iaeiiio
neiiic?oi? oe?a?inueeeo ?iaeaia??a-iaoai?e?a (Euea?a, 1997).

Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue
iioae?eiaai? a 87 ?iaioao (o oiio /ene? 1 iiiia?ao?y) ? 3 aaoi?nueeeo
na?aeioeoaao ia aeiaoiaee.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, naie
?icae?e?a, iniiaieo aeniiae?a ii ?iaio?, nieneo oeeoiaaii? e?oa?aoo?e c
302 iaca ? 5 aeiaeaoe?a, aeeeaaeaia ia 289 noi??ieao iniiaiiai oa 433
noi??ieao iiaiiai oaenoo, i?noeoue 119 ?enoie?a ? 52 oaaeeoe? ianyaii
144 noi??iee.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

Anooi i?noeoue iaa?oiooaaiiy aeooaeueiino? oaie oa ei?ioeo aiioaoe?th
ci?noo aeena?oaoe??.

? eieiaith oaeaee?noth ?iai/eo eie?n ?nio? noaoenoe/ia caeaaei?noue:

, (1)

aea E, aiae. – caeaaeeoue a?ae oeio ianino ? ?iai/iai na?aaeiaeua,
iai?eeeaae, E=2,5(103 aiae. – aeey ?iai/eo eie?n ianin?a NIO-30 ?
E=5,3(103 aiae. – aeey eie?n ianin?a NIO-150 a aeeooc?eiiio nieia?; (a =
(i / (min – a?aeiinia eieiaa oaeaee?noue iaa?oaiiy eie?n; (min –
i?i?iaeueia eieiaa oaeaee?noue iaa?oaiiy; (i –oaeaee?noue, ui
a?aeiia?aea? ? cii? ?oeioaaiiy.

. Aaeni?aoe?y i?eaiaeeoue aei nooo?aiai cieaeaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo aa?’???a,
ui aaeueiothoue ?oo aeeneieaoe?e ? iieaaoo?oueny ?o aeo?ae ia iiaa?oith.
Aiane?aeie aaoa?iaaiii – aeaeo?io?i?/ii? ei?ic?? aeieeath/?
i?e?iaeaiaioe ni?eythoue aeoeaiiio aiiaeiiio ?ic/eiaiith iaoaeo,
iniaeeai a i?noeyo aeoiaeo aeeneieaoe?e. Inoaii? ni?ey? iieaaoaiith
aoiiiiai ?oeioaaiiy a oeeo i?noeyo. Oaeei /eiii EIC – oea neeaaeiee
i?ioean, a yeiio aeaeo?io?i?/i? i?ioeane a?ae?a?athoue ?ieue
eaoae?caoi?a aoiiiiai ?oeioaaiiy. Oa?oy ? eaa?oaoe?y, a naith /a?ao,
aeoea?cothoue i?io?eaiiy aeaeo?io?i?/ii? ei?ic??. I?e oeueiio iaiao?aeii
i?aee?aneeoe, ui a ?iaio? ?icaeyaeathoueny ? aiae?cothoueny i?ioeane EIC
ia o?eueee a nenoai? iaoae 1 + iaoae 2 + na?aaeiaeua (I1+I2+N), aea ?
EIC a nenoai? iaoae + na?aaeiaeua (I+N).

, io?eiaii ??aiyiiy ciiooaaiiy i?e oeeee?/iiio i?e?ioaea?iiio
iaaaioaaeaii?:

, (2)

– ona?aaeiaia a ia’?i? ciiooaaiiy e?eoe/ia ? ii/aoeiaa aonoeia iioieo
iiooaeiino? aeaoi?iaoe??; f(N) – ooieoe?y ci?ie /enea oaea??a o /an?; (
– oaeaee?noue oaea?o; Eai. – caaaeueia cao?a/aia aia?a?y.

, ye iieacaa aiae?c aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue,
iiaea aooe aeei?enoaia ye e?eoa??e ciinino?eeino? iaoa??ae?a:

, (3)

– ?noeiia ieoiia aia?a?y a cii? ?oeioaaiiy iaoa??aeo; ( – eiao?oe??io
aeoioethaaiiy aioo??oiuei? aia?a?? ? ??aiii??i?noue ?? ?iciiae?eo a
iiaa?oiaaeo oa?ao iaoa??ae?a.

Aeei?enoaaoe aeo?aeia ??aiyiiy ?ioaineaiino? eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eiiai
ciiooaaiiy o aeaeyae?

, (4)

aea t=ti-(ae; N=Ni-Nae ? a?aoiaoth/e ii?iaeueiee caeii ?iciiae?eo
eaa?oaoe?eieo ?iioeuen?a, iaea?aeeii ??aiyiiy ?ioaineaiino?
eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eiiai ciiooaaiiy

, (5)

aea k – eiao?oe??io i?iii?oe?eiino?, ui caeaaeeoue a?ae /anoioe
i?e?ioaea??a; n=2 – i?e a?ae?iaeeiai?/i?e ? n=1,45 i?e a?a?aoe?ei?e
eaa?oaoe??.

?ioaa?oth/e caeaaei?noue (5) ? iaoooth/e ciinii ia ii/aoeia?e noaae??
?oeioaaiiy, iaea?aeo?ii caeaaei?noue ia’?iiiai ciiooaaiiy a?ae /ano

, (6)

.

Aiae?c iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeaco? ia iiaeeea?noue i?aaenoaaeaiiy
?ioaineaiino? ciiooaaiiy J0 a oi?ioe? (6) o aeaeyae? noaiaiaai? ?
aeniiiaioe?aeueii? ooieoe??, a naia:

(7)

, (8)

aea ( – aonoeia iioieo aia?a?? eaa?oaoe?eieo ?iioeuen?a; m – iieaciee
noaiaiy, ui aeey a?eueoino? eiino?oeoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a ci?ith?oueny a
iaaeao a?ae 0,67 aei 2,0.

, aea ke = 1,0…1,1 – eiao?oe??io ei?ic?? (aecia/aiee ii aeaieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ia onoaiiaoe? c iaai?oino?eeoe?eiei a?a?aoi?ii). I?e
nooo?aiio aieea? ei?ic?eiiai oaeoi?o ciiooaaiiy caaaeuei? ao?aoe i?e
?oeioaaii? ?icaeyaeathoueny ye noia ao?ao a?ae ae?? iaoai?/iiai oa
ei?ic?eiiai oaeoi??a, oiaoi

Vcaa=Viao+Vei?, aai (Gcaa=(Giao+(Gei?. (9)

Ioaea, iniiai? ??aiyiiy eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eiiai ciiooaaiiy (5…9)
iaiao?aeii aeiiiaieoe aiae?oe/ieie caeaaeiinoyie ei?ic?eiiai oaeoi?o
?oeioaaiiy, ui a?aoiaoaaee a aeaeo?io?i?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee ?iai/eo
na?aaeiaeu.

A ae?oaiio ?icae?e? ia iniia? ianoaaeaiiy iaeaaeiaiiy oa?/iai?
i?iieneiaino? aea?ai? iaoa??aee aeey i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue, a
oaeiae i?ae?a?ai? ?ic/eie, ui iiaeaeththoue iaeo?aeuei?, eene? ? eoaei?
na?aaeiaeua oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa.

Ia iniia? aiae?co e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaieo c a?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?ee
aca?iiae?? iaoa??ae?a c na?aaeiaeuai, eiai aeaeo?io?i?/ieie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie, a?aeiia?aei?noth ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue
aenieoaoaoe?eiei aeaiei oa iiaeeea?noth ii??aiyiiy ?acoeueoao?a c
aeaieie aeine?aeaeaiue, ui i?iaiaeyoueny a Oe?a?i? oa ca ei?aeiiii,
aea?aii oeie eaai?aoi?ieo onoaiiaie aeey i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue i?e
EIC iaoa??ae?a. Ca?aeii oeueiai aoei neiino?oeiaaii oa aeaioiaeaii ?yae
noaiae?a aeey i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue, a oaeiae ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaeeee
i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue ia ieo, ui a noeoiiino? aeicaieeei
?aae?coaaoe iinoaaeai? a ?iaio? caaaeaiiy. Ii??aiyeuei?e aiae?c
iiia?aaei?o aeine?aeieo aeaieo, coiiaea inoaoi/iee aea??
aenia?eiaioaeueieo noaiae?a. A ?acoeueoao? eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eia
no?ee?noue iaoa??ae?a aeine?aeaeoaaeanue ia onoaiiaoe? c
iaai?oino?eeoe?eiei a?a?aoi?ii (INA), ia oaea?ii-a?ic?eiiio noaiae?
(OAN) oa c aeei?enoaiiyi o ni?iuaiiio aa??aio? a?ae?iaeeiai?/ii? o?oae
(AO). EIC iaoa??ae?a i?e oa?o? – aeine?aeaeoaaeinue ia onoaiiaoe?
oi?oeaaiai oa?oy (?en. 1).

Aiae?c i?ioean?a ?oeioaaiiy iaoa??ae?a io?eiaieo ia noaiaeao (INA, OAN ?
AO) aeaa iiaeeea?noue ?ic?iaeoe eiino?oeoe?th onoaiiaee (A.n. N?N?
? 1194470), yea niiaeeaa? a 4 ?ace iaioa aia?a?? i?e aiiiaai?caoe?? ?
aioeueaoaaii? iieiea ii??aiyii c a?aeiieie aiaeiaaie.

Aeey ?icoi?iiy i?ioean?a EIC iaoa??ae?a iaiao?aeii iaoe oi/i? aeai? i?i
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ei?ic?eiiai oa iaoai?/iiai oaeoi??a ?oeioaaiiy a
caeaaeiino? a?ae aia?a?? ciai?oiuei? ae?? na?aaeiaeua, eiai
o?ceei-o?i?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee, neeaaeii-iai?oaeaiiai noaio iiaa?oi?,
aeaeo ?? ia?iaee oiui. Ei?ic?eiee oaeoi? ?oeioaaiiy aecia/aee ca
aaee/eiith no?oio ei?ic?? ca?aeii ??aiyiue Oaoaey, c a?aooaaiiyi
ii?/iiai iaae?iiy iai?oaeaiiy i?e iayaiino? ia iiaa?oi? iaoaeo ieenieo
ie?aie aai iie?eoo?a

, (10)

aea b – eiao?oe??io Oaoaey; in – no?oi iiey?ecaoe??; ie – no?oi ei?ic??;
R – ii?? i?eaeaeo?iaeiiai oa?o aeaeo?ie?oo.

?en. 1 – Noaie aenia?eiaioaeueieo noaiae?a: a) oaea?ii-a?ic?eiee (OAN),
aea 1 – c?acie, 2 – ?ioi?, 3 – ?iciiae?ethaa/ no?oiaith, 4 – o?eueo?, 5
– ianin, 6 – aae; a) a?ae?iaeeiai?/ia o?oaa (AO), aea 1 – eaia?a, 2 –
c?acie, 3 – eaa?oaoi?; a) c iaai?oino?eeoe?eiei a?a?aoi?ii (INA), aea 1
– a?a?aoi?, 2 – aa?oi?e ? 3 – ieaei?e c?acee; a) oi?oeaaiai oa?oy, aea 1
– oainoiaee, 2 – aa?oi?e ? 3 – ieaei?e c?acee, 4 – ?ie?noue

, aea fje ? fjo – a?aeiia?aeii aenia?eiaioaeuei? ? oai?aoe/i? cia/aiiy
no?oio ei?ic?? i?e caaeaiiio cia/aii? iioaioe?aeo; n – /enei
aenia?eiaioaeueieo oi/ie.

Ca ia?aiao?aie b ? R, ui aecia/aeenue ia AII aeey a?oie IE (cae/aeii
3(5), iaea?aeoaaee ae?eni? IE ? aeno?aiieyoe??th aai ca iiey?ecaoe?eiei
iii?ii aecia/aee oaeaee?noue ei?ic??. ??cieoey ao?ao ian, aecia/aieo
a?aa?iao?e/iei ? aeaeo?io?i?/iei niiniaaie, ia ia?aaeuo? 7%.

). Cai?iiiiiaaiee niin?a aeine?aeaeaiiy eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eii?
no?eeino? iaoae?a aeicaiey? a 3 ?ace nei?ioeoe /an, iaiao?aeiee aeey
i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue.

A aaaaoueio aeiaaeeao ?nioth/? iaoiaeeee aecia/aiiy aeiaaia?/iino?
caoenieo iie?eoo?a (oa?iiaeeooc?eieo, aaeueaai?/ieo,
iie?ia?eiiiiceoe?eieo oa ?ioeo) ca ao?aoaie iane ia caaacia/othoue
iaiao?aeii? oi/iino? aei??thaaiiy ? aeinoia??i?noue iaea?aeaieo aeaieo.
Oiio aeey ioe?iee oa?aeoa?enoeee ciinino?eeino? iie?eoo?a aaaaeaii iiaee
ia?aiao? – aeiaaia?/i?noue iie?eooy (ae , yea aecia/a?oueny ia iniia?
oaeaeeino? ?oeioaaiiy oa aeaeo?io?i?/ieo aei??thaaiue (?en. 2).

?en. 2 – Caeaaei?noue oaeaeeino? ?oeioaaiiy (? ? iioaioe?aeo (
oa?iiaeeooc?eii o?iiiaaii? noae? 45 a?ae /ano aei?iaoaaiiy ( ((ae – /an
a?ae ii/aoeo aei?iaoaaiiy aei iiiaioo ??cei? ci?ie oaeaeeino? ?oeioaaiiy
? iioaioe?aeo c?acea c iie?eooyi)

, aea M’-M – ci?ia iane i?e OOI, a (‘ – aonoeia iie?eooy. Iaeiae
nooe?euei?noue iie?eooy iiaea aooe ii?ooaia iayai?noth a iueiio
i?e?iii?. I?e?iii?eno?noue ioe?ithaaee ca aaee/eiith noia?iiai
ei?ic?eiiai no?oio ca?aeii iaoiaeeee, ?ic?iaeaii? ?.I. ?icaioaeueaeii ?
E.A. O?ieiaith. Iai?eeeaae, aeey aecia/aiiy caoenieo aeanoeainoae
o?iiiaeo iie?eoo?a o ?ic/eiao oei?eaeo iao??th, ci?iaee a ieo eaoiaeio
IE ? ia ia? iaiineee noaoe?iia?i? iioaioe?aee c?ace?a c iie?eooyie
??cii? oiaueie, ca yeeie aecia/aee no?oie ei?ic?eieo aeaiaio?a nenoaie
iie?eooy-iaoae. ?c ciaioaiiyi aaee/eie oeeo no?oi?a i?e?iii?eno?noue oa
?io? i?e?iaeaoaeoe ciaioothoueny (?en. 3).

A oeueiio ?icae?e? iiaeai? oaeiae oaoiieia?? oa?iiaeeooc?eiiai
o?iioaaiiy, ?iiiiai aciooaaiiy, oa?i?/ii? ? oa?iioeeee?/ii? ia?iaie, a
oaeiae iaoiaeeea aecia/aiiy caeeoeiaeo iai?oaeaiue i?ney OOI c
a?aooaaiiyi iiaeoey i?oaeiino? iaoa??aeo, ui caeeoa?oueny a i?ioean?
o?aaeaiiy c?acea.

A o?aoueiio ?icae?e? ia iniia? i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?icaeiai? ?
?icoe?ai? iniiai? iieiaeaiiy iiaiai ?icae?eo OOII – o?ceei-o?i?/ii?
iaoai?ee eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eiiai ciiooaaiiy (EAC) iaoa??ae?a a
na?aaeiaeuao oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa, caii/aoeiaaii? I.?. Iaeicii.

?en. 3– Aecia/aiiy noia?ieo no?oi?a ei?ic?eieo aeaiaio?a iie?eooy
caeaaeii a?ae oiaueie ea?a?aeii? ciie o?iiiaaiiai oa?o ia N*18, iei: 1 –
38; 2 – 47,7; 3 – 49,2; 4 – 52,2; 5 – 56,5.

Iaoiaeii oa?iiaai?oiiai ?aciiaino (OI?) anoaiiaeaii oeeee?/iee oa?aeoa?
ci?ie i?oeiino? iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a iaoae?a i?e EAC, a oaeiae aia?oa
iieacaii aieea eiioeaio?aoe?? ?ic/eio ia e?iaoeeo ci?ie ?o aia?ai?iiino?
(?en. 4).

, a ?ioaineai?noue ciiooaaiiy

(11)

aea K1, K2 – eiao?oe??ioe i?iii?oe?eiino?; (Hmax, (Hmin – iaeneiaeueia ?
i?i?iaeueia cia/aiiy aiie?ooaee eieeaaiue e?i?e OI? ((H) ca iaeei oeeee;
(i ? ( – a?aeiia?aeii, ia??iaee ci?oeiaiiy ? anueiai oeeeeo
ci?oeiaiiy-?oeioaaiiy (ii e?eaeo ia ?en. 4).

Ioaea, anoaiiaeaii, ui EAN, ni?eyth/e aeoiaeo aeeneieaoe?e ia
iiaa?oith, ciaioothoue aia?ai?ii?noue iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a iaoae?a ? ?o
ciinino?ee?noue i?e EAC.

Iaea?aeaii aeai? i?i ei?ic?eio no?ee?noue iaoae?a ? nieaa?a o ?ic/eiao
oei?eaeo iao??th caeaaeii a?ae eiai eiioeaio?aoe??. Aeine?aeaeaii
aeaeo?io?i?/io iiaaae?ieo iaoa??ae?a, aecia/ai? no?oie ei?ic?? oa
?ioaineai?noue ciiooaaiiy iaoae?a caeaaeii a?ae aia?a?? ciai?oiuei?
aca?iiae?? c na?aaeiaeuai (aiie?ooaee eieeaaiue INA) ? ei?ic?eii?
aeoeaiino? na?aaeiaeua i?e EAC. Anoaiiaeaii, ui ca oa?aeoa?ii ci?ie IE
i?e EAC a ?ic/eiao oei?eaeo iao??th aeine?aeaeai? iaoa??aee oiiaii
iiaeia ?icae?eeoe ia o?e a?oie: 1) iaoaee c iecueeith ei?ic?eiith
no?ee?noth (ia IE, ciyoeo a noaoe/ieo oiiaao, a?aenooiy ae?eueieoey
ianeaiiai noaio); 2) iaoaee c caaeia?eueiith ei?ic?eiith no?ee?noth (ia
IE, ciyoeo a noaoe/ieo oiiaao, ? ae?eueieoe? ianeaiiai noaio, aea aiie
a?aenooi? i?e eaa?oaoe??); 3) iaoaee c aenieith ei?ic?eiith no?ee?noth
(ia IE, ciyoeo a noaoe/ieo oiiaao ? i?e eaa?oaoe??, caa??aathoueny
ae?eueieoe? ianeaiiai noaio).

?en. 4–Ci?ia oe?eie e?i?e OI? (H i?eaeth a?ae /ano aei?iaoaaiiy a
aiae? – 1 ? a ?ic/eiao NaCl, %: 2–3; 3-10; 4-15; 5–20, a eoaeiiio (PH
12,5) – 6, oa a eeneiio (PH 4,5) na?aaeiaeuao –7.

Ia iniia? aiae?co IE ciaeaeai? iaae? canoinoaaiiy ??cieo nieaa?a aeey
aeaioiaeaiiy aeaoaeae iaeaaeiaiiy oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa.

ciinino?ee?noth

, (12)

aea C i n – aeine?aei? eiao?oe??ioe.

.

A oie aea /an ??aiyiiy (12) aeicaiey? ioe?ieoe aieea ei?ic?eii?
aeoeaiino? ??aeei ia eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eio no?ee?noue iaoa??ae?a i?e
ci?i? eiioeaio?aoe?? oei?eaeo iao??th o aiae? a?ae 0 aei 3 %. C iaoith
i?aeoe/iiai aeei?enoaiiy oe??? caeaaeiino? aeey ?yaeo iaoa??ae?a
ciaeaeai? eiao?oe??ioe i?iii?oe?eiino? N oa iieacieee noaiai? n.

a ii?nuee?e aiae?, oiaoi:

(14)

Iaaaaeai? aeai? ii a?aeiini?e a?ic?ei?e no?eeino? a ii?nuee?e aiae?
iniiaieo iaoa??ae?a, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e aeaioiaeaii? ianin?a,
aaeio?a ii?nueeeo noaeai oiui.

Ia iniia? iieiaeaiue no?oeoo?ii-aia?aaoe/ii? oai??? ciiooaaiiy,
e?iaoe/ii? oai??? i?oeiino? N.I. AEo?eiaa ? e?iaoeee o?i?/ieo ?aaeoe?e
i?iaaaeaii aiae?c ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ?ioaineaiino? ei?ic?eiiai ?
iaoai?/iiai oaeoi??a ?oeioaaiiy

, (13)

aea A ? B – eiinoaioe, ui caeaaeaoue a?ae oiia aei?iaoaaiiy, a –
aiie?ooaea eieeaaiue INA.

C a?ao?e?a caeaaeiino? a?aeiiniiai ciino a?ae aiie?ooaee eieeaaiue INA
(?en. 5), ye? aiaeia?/i? e?eaei iiaa?oiaai? aoiie, aeo?ea?, ui aiie
iiaeooue iaoe o?e /?oei ?iciaaeiaai? ae?eueieoe?:

1) ae?eueieoey ?ioaineaiiai ei?ic?eii-aoiiiiai ?oeioaaiiy c
ia?aaaaeath/ei aieeaii ei?ic?eieo i?ioean?a (i?oaeia ciia, a(5 iei);

2) ae?eueieoey aaaaoioeeeeiaiai iiaa?oiaaiai ei?ic?eii-aoiiiiai
?oeioaaiiy i?e nooo?aiio aieeao ei?ic?? ia noia?iee iaoaii-o?i?/iee ciin
(i?oaeia ciia, a=5…20 iei);

3) ae?eueieoey ?ioaineaiiai iaeioeeeeiaiai ?oeioaaiiy i?e ianooo?a?e
?ie? ei?ic?eiiai oaeoi?o (ciia ia?aaaaeii ieanoe/ii? aeaoi?iaoe??, a(20
iei). Oiio ?aeeiith caeaaei?noth iienaoe aanue ae?aiacii iaaaioaaeaiue
iaiiaeeeai, aea ? iiaeeea?noue io?eiaoe caeaaeiino? ?ioaineaiino?
ciiooaaiiy ia cacia/aieo ae?eueieoeyo, a?aoiaoth/e ei?ic?eiee oa
iaoai?/iee oaeoi?e ?oeioaaiiy ? aia?a?th ciai?oiuei? ae?? ??aeeie ia
iiaa?oith (aiie?ooaea eieeaaiue), ui iieacaii ia ?en. 5.

?en. 5 – Ci?ia a?aeiinieo ao?ao iane a caeaaeiino? a?ae aiie?ooaee
eieeaaiue INA i?e aei?iaoaaii? noae? 45 ia EAC ia i?ioyc? 2 aiae. A
i??ni?e (?) ? ii?nuee?e (??) aiae?: 1 – a?aeiioaiiy caaaeueieo ao?ao aei
ei?ic?eieo; 2 – a?aeiioaiiy ciino a?ae ae?? iaoai/iiai oaeoi?o aei ao?ao
iane a?ae ei?ic??.

?icaeyaeath/e i?ioeane EAC c iiceoe?e e?iaoe/ii? oai??? i?oeiino? oa
no?oeoo?ii-aia?aaoe/ii? oai??? ciiooaaiiy, iaea?aeeii:

, (15)

– e?eoe/ia cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioo ?ioaineaiino? iai?oaeaiiy i?e
caaeaiiio ??ai? eieaeueiiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio; Kc – oa ae, ui
a?aeiia?aea? ii/aoeiaiio aia?aaoe/iiio ??aith; (0, C1 ? C2 – aeine?aei?
eiao?oe??ioe; k – iino?eia Aieueoeiaia; Va – aeaiaioa?iee ia(?i
?oeioaaiiy; ( – oaeaee?noue iioieo ??aeeie; (* – aonoeia iioieo
iiooaeiino? ae?? ia iaoae c aieo ??aeeie; Q – aia?a?y aeoeaaoe??
?aaeoe??; (p – caeeoeiaee oene; V* – iieueiee ia’?i; R – oi?aa?naeueia
aaciaa iino?eia; T – oaiia?aoo?a; m=3 – aaaaoioeeeeiaa ? m=1 –
iaeioeeeeiaa iaaaioaaeaiiy.

I?e EAC c ia?aaaaeath/ei aieeaii iaoai?/iiai oaeoi?o ?oeioaaiiy:

, (16)

; ke – eiao?oe??io, ui a?aoiao? aieea aeoeaiino? na?aaeiaeua.

A?aoiaoth/e ?acoeueoaoe iiaeai? ia ?en. 5, caeaaei?noue caaaeueiiai
ciiooaaiiy a?ae aiie?ooaee eieeaaiue iiaeia i?aaenoaaeoe o aeaeyae?

, (17)

aea N=1 ? m=3 i?e aaaaoioeeeeiaiio ? N=2, a m=1 i?e iaeioeeeeiaiio
iaaaioaaeaii?.

Anoaiiaeai? caeiiii??iino? ciiooaaiiy c a?aooaaiiyi ei?ic?eieo
i?ioean?a, cie?aia ?aeaioe/i?noue ??aiyiue (16) ? (17)
i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue i?aaii??i?noue iiaeaethaaiiy i?ioean?a eaa?oaoe?eiiai
?oeioaaiiy iaoa??ae?a c iiceoe?? e?iaoe/ii? oai??? i?oeiino? oaa?aeeo
o?e ? e?iaoeee i?io?eaiiy aeaeo?io?i?/ieo ?aaeoe?e.

. Aeine?aei? aeai? aaoi?a oa ia?iaea ?acoeueoao?a ?ioeo aaoi??a
na?ae/eoue i?i iiaeeea?noue iaea?aeaiiy ?aeeii? aeniiiaioe?aeueii?
caeaaeiino? oaeaeeino? eaa?oaoe?eiiai ?oeioaaiiy iaoa??ae?a caeaaeii
a?ae a?aeiinii? aia?ai?iiino? ?o iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a (?en. 6).

(18)

; 5–1O18I9; 6–A30; 7–A38; 8–60O12I15; 9–A25; 10–A28; 11–12O18I10O;
oeeo?aie ia e?ea?e II iicia/aia eiioeaio?aoe?y NaCl

Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe na?ae/aoue i?i i?aaii??i?noue canoinoaaiiy
no?oeoo?ii-aia?aaoe/ii? oai??? aeey aiae?co i?ioean?a
eaa?oaoe?eii-o?ic?eiiai ciiooaaiiy iaoa??ae?a a ei?ic?eii-aeoeaieo
na?aaeiaeuao.

a eaai?aoi?ieo ? iaoo?ieo oiiaao ? iiaea aooe i?aaenoaaeaia o aeaeyae?
noaie:

, (17)

aea Weaa ? Wiao – aonoeia iiooaeiino? ciai?oiuei? aia?a?? ??aeeie,
a?aeiia?aeii, a eaai?aoi?ieo oa iaoo?ieo oiiaao.

i?e Weaa((Wiao ? ??aieo eiao?oe??ioao kB aeinyaa?oueny
aenia?eiaioaeueii-aiae?oe/iei i?aeai?ii aiie?ooaee eieeaaiue INA.

A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? oeyoii aiae?co iaoai?cio EAC ? e?oa?aoo?ieo
aeaieo aecia/ai? ia?niaeoeai? iaoiaee oa niiniae i?aeaeuaiiy EAC
iaoa??ae?a o EAN: oa?iiaeeooc?eia o?iioaaiiy, ?iiia aciooaaiiy ?
iaianaiiy iie?ia?eiiiiceoe?eieo iie?eoo?a.

Aeineiaeaeaiiy aieeao oa?iioeeeei/ii? ia?iaee (OOeI) ia EAC aoaeaoeaaeo
noaeae, i?iaaaeaieo “iayoieeiaei” oa na?aaeiuei oaiia?aoo?iei niiniaii,
iieacaee iaaoaeoeai?noue canoinoaaiiy oa?iioeeeethaaiiy aeey iiaeaeuaiiy
aeiaaiai/iinoi aeaoaeae iaeaaeiaiiy i?e ?o EAC.

Aea/aii oa?aeoa? i iaoaiici EAC iieiia?eiiiiceoeieieo iie?eooia ia
iniiai aiieneaeieo niie oa iio?eeueiiai eao/oeo ic iaiiaithaa/ai, ui
neeaaea?oueny c noi?o? ooaiieaaeeo c’?aeiaiue o EAN. Aecia/aii iaaei
iioeiaeueiiai niiaaiaeiioaiiy iiae iao?eoeath i iaiiaithaa/ai, ui
aeicaiey?, ye iieacaee ae?iaie/i aei?iaoaaiiy, a 2 ?ace iiaeaeueoe
aeiaaiai/iinoue ?iaioe ?iai/eo eiein i a 5 ?ac aeiaaiai/iinoue ei?ionia
? e?eoie ianinia, ui ia?aea/othoue eeneioe, noaaieicoaaoe ?o
aiae?iaeeiaii/ii oa?aeoa?enoeee oa cia/ii nei?ioeoe aeo?aoe ia ?aiiio.
Iieacaii, ui iiaeaeuaiiy aeiaaiai/iinoi aeaoaeae iaoiiaeaia iiaeaeuaiiyi
ei?icieii? noieeinoi (a 1,5…2 ?ace) ? aeaiiooth/eie aeanoeainoyie
iie?eooia.

Aeineiaeaeaii aieea iiiiiai aciooaaiiy i oa?iiaeeoocieiiai o?iioaaiiy a
ii?ioeao ia EAC aoaeaoeaaeo noaeae i ni?eo /aaoi?a o ?ic/eiao oei?eaeo
iao?ith. Anoaiiaeaii, ui a ?acoeueoaoi iiiiiai aciooaaiiy ?o
ciininoieeinoue iiaeaeuo?oueny a 5…9, a iiney o?iioaaiiy – a 4…6
?ac?a. Iieacaii, ui iiaeaeuaiiy ciininoieeinoi aeaoaeae iiney iiiiiai
aciooaaiiy iaoiiaeaia ooai?aiiyi iio?eaeiiai i aeeoocieiiai oa?ia, yei
nooo?ai iiaeaeuothoue iaoaii/ii oa?aeoa?enoeee, cie?aia aoiiio
iioeiinoue i ei?icieio noieeinoue. Eaaioaoeieia noieeinoue o?iiiaaieo
iie?eoo?a a iniiaiiio aecia/a?oueny aeeaeiith ea?aiaeii? ciie,
aaee/eiith i oa?aeoa?ii ?iciiaeieo caeeoeiaeo iai?oaeaiue noeneo. OOeI
o?iiiaaieo iie?eoo?a cieaeo? ?o eaaioaoeieio noieeinoue. Ae?iaie/i
aei?iaoaaiiy iiaeoaa?aeeee ?acoeueoaoe eaai?aoi?ieo aeineiaeaeaiue.

Iieacaia aoaeoeaiinoue i ia?niaeoeaiinoue iiioeueniiai eaca?iiai
ciioeiaiiy nieaaia aethiiiith a ?acoeueoaoi yeiai oaeaeeinoue
eaaioaoeieiiai ?oeioaaiiy aeth?aethiiiith Ae16 a ii?nueeie aiaei
ciaioo?oueny a 1,5 ?ace.

Aeey iaea?aeaiiy iaeneiaeueii? aaee/eie ciinino?eeino? aeaoaeae
aoaeoeaia ia(?aeiaiiy ??cieo niinia?a ci?oeiaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a. Oae,
ieaciiaa iaieethaaiiy aoaeaoeaaeo noaeae ia?aeaa?th/ith o?iiii?eaeaaith
noaeeth 12O18I10O ? ianooiia oa?iiaeeooc?eia o?iioaaiiy aeicaiey?
iaea?aeaoe iiaa?oiaa? oa?e, ye? ca eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eiith no?ee?noth a
EAN iaeaea ia iinooiathoueny noae? 12O18I10O.

A i’yoiio ?icae?e? ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaiiai niiniao ?ioaineo?eaoe??
aeeooc?eieo i?ioean?a i?e OOI iaoae?a ? nieaa?a, ui aeeth/a?
iaaiaeithaaiiy ia?aae OOI (aeaeo?ie?oe/iei – i?e eaoiaei?e iiey?ecaoe??;
o?i?/iei – i?e aca?iiae?? c eeneeie na?aaeiaeuaie, a oaeiae c ?ic/eiaie,
ui i?noyoue n??eiaiaeaiue; ?iiii-ieaciiaei niiniaaie) ?icaeyiooi
i?eioeeiiai iia? oaoiieia?? ci?oeiaiiy aeaoaeae iaoei oa ?o aieea ia
aeanoeaino? iiaa?oiiue.

(N*18),

, oa – /an iiey?ecaoei?.

Iaoiaeii e?ooiai noiaeaeaiiy ii a?aaei?ioo ciaeaeaii iioeiaeueii
?aaeeie iaaiaeithaaiiy iaoa?iaeia, ui caaacia/othoue iaeneiaeueio
aeeaeio ea?aiaeii? ciie: ?=2 iA/ii2, (=40 oa. – aeey aoaeaoeaaeo noaeae
oa ?=1,5 iA/ii2, (=45 oa. – aeey /aaoiia.

O ii?iaiyiii c o?aaeeoeieieie niiniaaie o?iioaaiiy aeeaeia ea?aiaeii?
ciie ia noaeyo 45, 20 i /aaoii N*18 caieueoeeanue aiaeiiaiaeii a 5,8;
3,4 i 1,5 ?ace (A.n. N?N? 1277633).

Aeineiaeaeaiiy aieeao aeanoeainoae o?iiiaeo iie?eooia ia ?o EAC a
?ic/eiao oei?eaeo iao?ith ca aeiiiiiaith ei?aeyoeieiiai aiaeico aeaieo
aeicaieeei iaea?aeaoe ?iaiyiiy ?aa?ani?, ui anoaiiaeththoue
aca?iica’ycie i?ae aea/aieie aeanoeainoyie: (ae – aeiaaiai/iinoue
iie?eooy, h – aeeaeia ea?aiaeii? ciie, ie – noia?ii no?oie ei?icieieo
aeaiaioia ia iiaa?oii iie?eooy, ( – caeeoeiai iai?oaeaiiy noeneo, Vp –
oaeaeeinoue ?oeioaaiiy, (Gc – ao?aoe iane ca 3 aiaeeie aei?iaoaaiue.

Canoinoaaiiy iieiaeaiue oai?i? a?aoia oa ?ioaiiy iaoiaeii aecia/aiiy
ioa?iaaii? neee “caaea/i i?i eiaea?a” aeicaieeei anoaiiaeoe, ui aea/aii
aeanoeainoi ca nooiaiai aieeao ia EAC ?iciiuothoueny a ?yae: h, (Gc, ie,
Vp. Ia oeie iniiai ?ic?iaeaii noaie i?iaiicoaaiiy aeanoeainoae o?iiiaeo
iie?eoo?a ii h ? ie, ui iaeaieueo eaaei aecia/athoueny
aenia?eiaioaeueii.

Canoinoaaiiy iaoiaeia iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee aeicaieeei ciaeoe
iioeiaeueii ?aaeeie iaaiaeithaaiiy i a ?acoeueoaoi ciinino?ee?noue i?e
EAC a iaeo?aeueieo na?aaeiaeuao aoaeaoeaaeo noaeae i /aaoiia
caieueoeeanue a 10…25 ?ac?a ii?iaiyii c ii?iaeicaoei?th.

Aeineiaeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui iaaiaeithaaiiy aoaeaoeaaeo noaeae o
na?aaeiaeui ni?eiaiaeith oa ianooiia ?o aeaeo?iine?iaa ia?iaea aeicaiey?
a 1,2 …1,5 ?ace iiaeaeueoe eaaioaoeieio noieeinoue oeeo noaeae, iiieceoe
ia 15…20% eiaoioei?io oa?oy oa a 2,5 ?ace iioaineaiinoue ciiooaaiiy a
eeneeo na?aaeiaeuao, ui a 3…5 ?ac?a iiaeaeuo? aeiaaiai/iinoue ?iaioe
aeaoaeae iaoei. Ca aeaieie caaiaeo “Oeoei?aiae?iiao” canoinoaaiiy
?ic?iaeaiiai niiniao ciioeiaiiy ?iai/eo eiein aeicaieeoue nei?ioeoe ?o
iio?aao a Oe?a?ii ia 300 iaeeieoeue.

Oiiaa?naeuei?noue ?ic?iaeaiiai niiniao iioaineoieaoei? aeeoocieieo
i?ioeania i?aeoaa?aeaeaii oaeiae iaaiaeithaaiiyi iaoa?iaeia oa aeaoaeae
o ieacii oeith/iai ?ic?yaeo a na?aaeiaeui a?aiio ? aiaeith. Canoinoaaiiy
?ic?iaeaiiai niiniao iiiiiai aciooaaiiy (A.n. N?N? ?1324334) aeicaiey? a
1,5…1,9 ?ace iiaeaeueoe aeeaeio iio?eaeii? ciie oa aiaeiiaiaeii a
1,45…1,6 ?ac?a caieueoeoe ciininoieeinoue noaeae i /aaoi?a ii?iaiyii c
aiaeiiei niiniaii aciooaaiiy.

O oinoiio ?icae?e? a ?acoeueoao? aiae?oe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue i?ioeano ?iiiiai aciooaaiiy aea/aii aoaeiao, oaciaee
neeaae, anoaiiaeai? caeiiii??iino? ci?ie ia?aiao??a e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee
? eiioeaio?aoe?? acioo a caeaaeiino? a?ae ia?aiao??a aciooaaiiy.

?aioaaiino?oeoo?iei aiae?cii anoaiiaeaii, ui iacaeaaeii a?ae neeaaeo
aaciai? aoiinoa?e a iiaa?oiaaeo oa?ao ooai?ththoueny ((Fe2-3N), (((Fe4N)
? (-oace. I?e oeueiio oaciaee neeaae ? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae oaciaeie
no?oeoo?aie iiaeia ?aaoethaaoe oeyoii ci?ie ia?aiao??a aciooaaiiy
(?en. 7). Aiae?c iaea?aeaieo caeaaeiinoae iieaco?, ui iaea?eueo nooo?ai
aieeaa? ia e?euee?noue ooai?aiiy o??? /e ?ioi? oace oaiia?aoo?a ?iiiiai
aciooaaiiy. Oae, c ?? i?aeaeuaiiyi ciaioo?oueny e?euee?noue (-oace
(?en. 7, a) ? iaeii/anii i?aeaeuo?oueny e?euee?noue (( oa (-oac
(?en. 7, a, a). ?c ca?eueoaiiyi acioiiai iioaioe?aeo iane/oth/i? noi?o?
oa ?? oeneo ca?eueoo?oueny e?euee?noue (-oace ? ciaioo?oueny e?euee?noue
((-oace. I?e oeueiio eiioeaio?aoe?y acioo ? oene noi?o? ia aieeaathoue
ia ai?no (-oace (?en. 7, a), e?euee?noue yei? eiio?ieth?oueny eeoa
oaiia?aoo?ith i?ioeano. A?aoiaoth/e cia/io ??cieoeth
o?ceei-o?i?ei-iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae no?oeoo?ieo oaciaeo neeaaeiaeo
acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue ? iiaeeea?noue ?aaoethaaiiy ?o e?eueeino? ?
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae ieie, c(yaeythoueny oe?ie? iiaeeeaino? iaea?aeaiiy
acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue ?c caaeaieie aenieoaoaoe?eieie aeanoeainoyie.

Iaea?eueoee aieea ia ciinino?ee?noue acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue ia? ciia
aioo??oiueiai aciooaaiiy. Ia iniia? oai??? aeeneieaoe?e iieacaii, ui
ci?oeiaiiy i?e oi?ioaaii? cii aioo??oiueiai aciooaaiiy ? ?acoeueoaoii
aaeueioaaiiy aeeneieaoe?e aeae?eaiiyie i?o?eae?a cae?ca ? eaaoth/eo
aeaiaio?a.

?en. 7 – Caeaaei?noue oaciaiai noaio aeeooc?eiiai oa?o noae? 45O a?ae
?aaeei?a ?iiiiai aciooaaiiy (O, N%, ?): a) ai?no (-oace; a) (-oace;
a) (-oace, % ia.

Oiio ia iniia? iiaeaeae I?iaaia (aeey iaeiaa?aioieo) ? Iiooi-Iaaa??i
(aeey eiaa?aioieo aeae?eaiue) ?ic?aoiaaii nooi?iue ci?oeiaiiy cii
aioo??oiueiai aciooaaiiy i?e oe?ieeo iaaeao ci?ie ?ici???a i?o?eaeieo
/anoeiie 5…100 ii ? a?aenoai? i?ae ?o oeaio?aie 5…200 ii, a oaeiae a
caeaaeiino? a?ae ia(?iii? aeie? i?o?eae?a, ui aeae?eythoueny, oa ?o
i?e?iaee (?en.  8). ?ic?aooiee iieacothoue, ui oai?aoe/ii nooi?iue
ci?oeiaiiy ca ?aooiie ea?oaaiiy ii?oieia??th ? aaiiao???th aeae?eaiiy
i?o?eaeieo oac a ciiao aioo??oiueiai aciooaaiiy iiaea aeinyaaoe aei 5000
IIa. Oae, ?c ?en. 8 aeaeii, ui aeey ca?eueoaiiy nooiaiy ci?oeiaiiy ii
iai?oaeaiiyo cnoao iao?eoe? aoaeaoeaaeo noaeae 20 ? 45 a 3 ?ace
iaiao?aeii ciaioeoe aeenia?ni?noue i?o?eaeieo /anoeiie a 2 ?ace. I?e
oeueiio, ci?oeithth/a ae?y i?o?eae?a a?eueoino? eaaoth/eo aeaiaio?a (Ti,
Cr, Zr, W oa ?ioeo) i?eaeecii iaeiaeiaa (i?yi? 1, 2 ia ?en. 8).
Iaea?eueoee aoaeo i?iyaey?oueny i?e ci?oeithth/?e ae?? aeenia?nieo
/anoeiie ea?a?aeo aieueo?aio (i?yia 3 ia ?en. 8). Oai?aoe/iee ?ic?aooiie
ia aac? iiaeae? Iiooi-Iaaa??i oaeiae aeaco? ia aoaeoeai?noue
ci?oeithth/i? ae?? ea?a?aeieo oac eaaoth/eo aeaiaio?a oeio (Fe, Me)n(NC)
aai (Fe,Me)n(NCO), oiaoi ea?aii?o?eaeieo ? ea?aiienei?o?eaeieo oac.

Aeey iaea?aeaiiy iie?eoo?a c iaeneiaeueieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie i?oeiino?
aeine?aeaeaii aieea ia?aiao??a ?iiiiai aciooaaiiy ia aaee/eio ? oa?aeoa?
?iciiae?eo caeeoeiaeo iai?oaeaiue noeneo. Iai?eeeaae, aeey noae? 45O
iaeneiaeueia aaee/eia caeeoeiaeo iai?oaeaiue

y=418,13-28,63X1+6,13X2+2,13X3, (19)

aea X1 – oaiia?aoo?a, O2 – ai?no acioo, O3 – oene iane/oth/i? noi?o? i?e
aciooaaii?.

?en. 8 – Aieea ia’?iii? aeie? i?o?eae?a (1 ? 2) ? ea?a?aeo aieueo?aio
(3), a oaeiae ?aae?ono i?o?eaeieo /anoeiie r (4) ia ci?oeiaiiy ciie
aioo??oiueiai aciooaaiiy cae?cii? iao?eoe? (iiaeaeue Iiooi – Iaaa??i)

Ioaea, iaea?eueoee aieea ia aaee/eio caeeoeiaeo iai?oaeaiue noeneo ia?
oaiia?aoo?a aciooaaiiy, c i?aeaeuaiiyi yei? aiie ciaioothoueny.
Ca?eueoaiiy acioiiai iioaioe?aeo aaciai? noi?o? oa ?? oeneo aeaui
ca?eueoo? aaee/eio caeeoeiaeo iai?oaeaiue. I?e oeueiio iaeneiaeuei?
iai?oaeaiiy iaea?aeai? i?e aciooaaii? a aoiinoa?? 75% N2+25% Ar, ui
iiynith?oueny oa?aeoa?ii ci?ie ia?aiao??a e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee.

I?iaaaeai? ei?ic?ei? oa ?eaeo?io?i?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui a
eeneeo na?aaeiaeuao ii?? ei?ic?? acioiaaieo oa??a ciaioo?oueny ?c
ca?eueoaiiyi ai?noo aoaeaoeth iniiae ? nooiaith eaaiaaiino? iao?eoe?, a
a iaeo?aeueieo ? eoaeieo, iaaiaee, ca?eueoo?oueny. Anoaiiaeaii oaeiae,
ui i?o?eaeia ciia i?aeoe/ii ia aieeaa? ia ii?? ei?ic?? a eeneeo
na?aaeiaeuao, ui iiynith?oueny aaoa?iaaiiei iaoai?ciii ?ic/eiaiiy
acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue ? ?c ca?eueoaiiyi nooiaith eaaiaaiino? oa ai?noo
aoaeaoeth a iao?eoe? ca?eueoo?oueny e?euee?noue i?e?iaaeueaaiiia?, ui
ni?eythoue i?enei?aiith ei?ic?eieo i?ioean?a. I?e eiioaeo? acioiaaieo
iiaa?oiiue c eoaeieie ? iaeo?aeueieie na?aaeiaeuaie ooai?ththoueny
caoeni? ie?aee a?ae?iieneaeiiai oa?aeoa?o, ui ??cei aaeueiothoue
ei?ic?ei? i?ioeane iaeaea aei ?o iiaii? coieiee.

Aeey ca?eueoaiiy ei?ic?eii? no?eeino? acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue ?ic?iaeaii
eiia?iiaaiee ?aaeei aciooaaiiy: ia ia?o?e noaae?? iane/aiiy
i?iaiaeeoueny ia i?ioyc? 3 aiae. i?e oaiia?aoo?? 793 E, oeneo 265 IIa a
acioi – a?aiii?e noi?o? (75 % N2 + 25 % Ar), a ia ae?oa?e – a aacia?e
noi?o? (90 % N2 +10 % i?iiaio) ia i?ioyc? 1 aiae. i?e iaci?iieo
oaiia?aoo?? ? oeneo. A ?acoeueoao? ei?ic?eia no?ee?noue iiaa?oiiue
ca?eueoo?oueny a 1,4…1,9 ?ac?a.

A caaaeueiiio aeiaaeeo i?e aca?iiae?? aeeneieaoe?e c a?eueiith
iiaa?oiath ?icaeyaea?oueny a?aeiioaiiy nee aeca?eaeueiiai a?aeia?aaeaiiy
(neee, ui aeooiaoo? aeeneieaoe?? ia iiaa?oith aei neee, ui ia?aoeiaeaeo?
aeoiaeo aeeneieaoe?e ia iiaa?oith):

, (20)

aea G – iiaeoeue cnoao; b – aaeoi? Ath?aa?na; ( – iiaa?oiaaa aia?a?y
noiaeeiee i?e aeoiae? aeeneieaoe?? ia iiaa?oith; c=4 /eneiaee
eiao?oe??io aeey cae?cii? iao?eoe?.

C ?ioiai aieo, ine?eueee aeaeo?iaeiee iioaioe?ae aecia/a?
oa?iiaeeiai?/iee noai nenoaie iaoae – na?aaeiaeua, ni?aaaaeeeai

, (21)

aea (( – ci?ia aeaeo?iaeiiai iioaioe?aeo; u – oa?iiaeeiai?/iee
iioaioe?ae iiaa?oiaaiai oa?o; k=2 – /eneiaee eiao?oe??io aeey cae?ca; F
– noaea Oa?aaeay.

sse a?aeiii, cai?noue u iiaeia aeei?enoaoe aaee/eio aia?a?? i?oaeieo
niioai?aiue e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee c aeeneieaoe?yie, oiaoi ((u. C
a?aooaaiiyi oi?ioe (20) ? (21) iaea?aeeii:

(22)

Ca?aeii oi?ioee (22) a eeneiio na?aaeiaeu? aeey cae?ca g=2,36, a aeey
acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue g=12,5. Oiaoi ia ii/aoeiaiio aoai? ei?ic?eii?
aca?iiae?? eeneiai na?aaeiaeua c acioiaaiith iiaa?oiath neee
aeooiaooaaiiy cia/ii ia?aaeuothoue neee i?eoyaoaaiiy aeeneieaoe?e
ii??aiyii c iaacioiaaieie iiaa?oiyie. A iiaeaeueoiio iioaioe?aeueia
aia?a?y ciaioo?oueny, aea iiaeeea?noue no?oeoo?ii? ia?aaoaeiae a
caeaaeiino? a?ae ci?ie oiia eiioaeoo caa??aa?oueny, oae ye g>5.

Iieacaii, ui aeniea “aio/e?noue” i?enoinoaaiiy acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue
aei oiia iaaaioaaeaiiy ia o?eeoe?eiiio eiioaeo? iiynith?oueny oiiaith
i?i?i?caoe?? a?aeiioaiiy (E/A, aea (E – aioo??oiy aia?a?y i?oaeieo
niioai?aiue a?aoee c aeeneieaoe?yie, a A – ?iaioa ciai?oi?o nee oa?oy.
I?e oeueiio iaoai?ci i?i?i?caoe?? iiaea aooe ??ciei: noaa?e?caoe?y EIC
iiaea i?ioiaeeoe ye ca ?aooiie ooai?aiiy ia iiaa?oi? i?oeieo caoenieo
ie?aie, oae ? ca ?aooiie i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ae?? aa?’??iiai aoaeoo
(debris-oa?o(.

Aoiiiee oa?aeoa? ?oeioaaiiy iaoae?a i?e EIC a EAN oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa
aecia/a? iaiao?aei?noue aea/aiiy ?o aoiiieo oa?aeoa?enoee o oeeo
na?aaeiaeuao. Anoaiiaeaii, ui iaea?eueoee aieea ia iaeioeeeeiao ?
aaaaoioeeeeiao aoiio ia? oaiia?aoo?a aciooaaiiy. C ?? ca?eueoaiiyi aiie
cieaeothoueny. I?e aiie?ooaeao aeaoi?iaoe?? ((2,5% aeey acioiaaii? ?
((4% aeey iie?ioaii? noae? 45O aieea na?aaeiaeua ia aeyaey?oueny. Aeey
i?aeaeuaiiy iaeioeeeeiai? aeiaaia?/iino? iaoae?a a EAN canoinoaaiiy
aciooaaiiy aoaeoeaia i?e ((0,25%. Aaaaoioeeeeiaa aeiaaia?/i?noue a
?acoeueoao? aciooaaiiy i?aeaeuo?oueny aei 40%.

, %) oa ?? oeneo (p, Ia):

+0,0006p;

+0,0004p; y3=-803,50+1,83t;

-0,003p; y5=43,350-0,065t+0,003p;

+0,03p;

+0,037p;

-0,005p,

aea y1 – /enei oeeee?a aei iiyae o??ueie 0,5 ii i?e aaaaoioeeeeia?e
N(107 ? y2 – aei ?oeioaaiiy i?e iaeioeeeeia?e n(103 aeiaaia?/iino?; y3,
iei – aeeaeia acioiaaiiai oa?o h; y4, iei – aeeaeia i?o?eaeii? ciie hN;
y5, AIa -i?e?ioaa?ae?noue iiaa?oi? HV1; y6, IIa – caeeoeia? iai?oaeaiiy
noeneo (; y7, iA – aeaeo?iaeiee iioaioe?ae iiaa?oi? (; y8, a/i2(aiae –
oaeaee?noue ei?ic?? (e.

Aeei?enoiaoth/e e?i?ei? iiaeae? (23), iiaeia i?iaiicoaaoe aieea
ia?aiao??a ?iiiiai aciooaaiiy ia aeanoeaino? acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue.

Aiane?aeie aenieeo ciauoaaeueieo aeanoeainoae oeoe?ice 15% ?? aeiaaaea,
iai?eeeaae, aei aeenoeeueiaaii? aiaee aai iiaeaeueiiai eeneiai ?ic/eio
i?aeaeuo? no?ee?noue i?e EIC acioiaaieo iaoa??ae?a a 1,4…4,3 ?ace
ii??aiyii c iie?ioaieie.

Anoaiiaeaii oaeiae cieaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e oa?oy acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue
ii??aiyii c iaacioiaaieie, a oaeiae i?iaaaeaii aiae?c ci?ie
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ei?ic?eiiai ? iaoai?/iiai oaeoi??a ?oeioaaiiy iaoa??ae?a
caeaaeii a?ae oiia iaaaioaaeaiiy o?eeoe?eiiai eiioaeoo.

A nueiiiio ?icae?e? aeine?aeaeaii ei?ic?eio no?ee?noue, aeaeo?io?i?/io
e?iaoeeo ? EIC iaci?oeiaieo oa ?iiii-acioiaaieo iaoa??ae?a o eeneeo,
eoaeieo ? iaeo?aeueieo na?aaeiaeuao oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa. Anoaiiaeaii,
ui aiane?aeie iayaiino? ?ia?a?oi??a, IA?, ee?o/aoee ei?ic?eia no?ee?noue
? EIC iaoa??ae?a o ?iai/eo na?aaeiaeuao oa?/iai? i?iieneiaino?
ca?eueoo?oueny ii??aiyii ?c no?ee?noth a iiaeaeueieo ?ic/eiao.

Aecia/aii iaae? iioei?caoe?? ?aaeei?a aciooaaiiy ? i?ney ?aae?caoe??
iiaiiai oaeoi?iiai aenia?eiaioo iaea?aeai? ianooii? e?i?ei? iiaeae? aeey
i?ioeano aciooaaiiy:

-0,0156p; (24)

-0,013p, (25)

, % ia. – ai?no acioo ? i?iiaio a aacia?e aoiinoa??; p, Ia – ?? oene;
t, (N – oaiia?aoo?a aciooaaiiy.

Ianooiia e?ooa noiaeaeaiiy ii a?aae??ioo aeicaieeei ciaeoe iioeiaeuei?
?aaeeie aciooaaiiy ? i?aeaeueoe a?aeiinio ciinino?ee?noue noaeueieo
aeaoaeae a aeeooc?eiiio nieia? a 2…3, aaiiyiiio iieioe? – a 7…9,
eiiaeainao? aeia?ieo aia?ao?a a 8…13, o?ainii?oii – ieth/?e aiae? – a
2…6 ?ac?a.

Aeey ioe?iee aeanoeainoae acioiaaieo iaoa??ae?a iaea?aeai? e?i?ei?
ei?aeyoe?ei? ??aiyiiy, ui anoaiiaeththoue aca?iica’ycie i?ae ia?aiao?aie
acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue. Iniaeeao oe?eaa?noue noaiiaeoue aecia/aiiy ?yaeo
aeanoeainoae ii iaea?eueo eaaei ciaoiaeaeoaai?e oa?aeoa?enoeoe? –
i?e?ioaa?aeino? HV1:

Ve=30,34-1,10HV1, a/i2(aiae; -(=142,76+37,76HV1, Aia;

sse iieacaee ?ic?aooiee, ??cieoey i?ae aiae?oe/ieie ?
aenia?eiaioaeueieie cia/aiiyie oa?aeoa?enoee ciaoiaeeoueny a iaaeao
3…5%.

I?iaaaeaia i?iieneiaa ia?aa??ea ?acoeueoao?a aiae?oe/ieo ?
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue EIC acioiaaieo aeaoaeae a eeneeo,
eoaeieo ? iaeo?aeueieo na?aaeiaeuao oa?/iaeo ae?iaieoeoa ia i?eeeaae?
ao?yei??cieo iiae?a, caoenieo aooeie ianin?a NIO, i?e/?iieo iaeueoe?a
eaioetha?a ao?yeiaeaaaoi??a oiui.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui o?eaae?noue aenieoaoaoe?? acioiaaieo ao?yei??cieo
iiae?a ca?eueoeeanue a na?aaeiueiio a 1,4 ?ace i?e iaeii/aniiio
iie?ioaii? yeino? ao?yeiai? no?oaeee, a ciinino?ee?noue acioiaaieo
caoenieo aooeie ianin?a NIO-100 a aeaoaeiaaiiio nieia? ca?eueoo?oueny a
4, a naoo?iaaiiio ? noeueo?oiaaiiio nieao a 6…6,5 ca ia?oee ? aei 5
?ac?a ca ae?oaee nacii aenieoaoaoe??. O aaiiyiiio iieioe?
ciinino?ee?noue aooeie ca?eueoeeanue ca ia?oee nacii ?iaioe a 6,2, a i?e
aenieoaoaoe?? a iaeo?aeueieo na?aaeiaeuao (eiiaeainao aeia?ieo aia?ao?a)
ca aeaa naciie a 4…7 ?ac?a.

Aeiaaia?/i?noue i?e/?iieo iaeueoe?a aeaioiaeaieo ?c noaeae 45O ?
38O2I10THA i?aeaeuo?oueny a 3 ?ace. Ciinino?ee?noue oeeo iaeueoe?a a
5…7 ?ac?a aeua, ai?ae ciinino?ee?noue iaeueoe?a ?c noae? 20, yea
ia?aaaaeii aeei?enoiao?oueny a eaioethaao ao?yeiaeaaaoi??a.

AENIIAEE

1. A ?acoeueoao? oai?aoe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
i?ioean?a ei?ic?eii–iaoai?/iiai ciiooaaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a iaoae?a a
ei?ic?eii–aeoeaieo na?aaeiaeuao ?ic?iaeai? i?eioeeie ioe?iee
ciinino?eeino? oa i?iaiicoaaiiy aeiaaia?/iino? aeaoaeae iaeaaeiaiiy,
cai?iiiiiaai? no/ani? oaoiieia?? ci?oeiaiiy, ye? ai?iaiaai? oa
ai?iaaaeaeaii? a ae?iaieoeoai. ?icoe?ai? oa iiaeeaeai? oai?aoe/i?
iieiaeaiiy iiaiai ?icae?eo o?ceei-o?i?/ii? iaoai?ee iaoa??ae?a –
o?ceei-o?i?/ii? iaoai?ee EAC iaoa??ae?a a na?aaeiaeuao oa?/iaeo
ae?iaieoeoa.

2. Iieacaii, ui ?oeioaaiiy i?e oa?o?, a?ic??, eaa?oaoe?ei?e a?ic?? a EAN
? ??ciiaeaeii EIC, yea ia? iaeiaeiao aoiiii-aeaeo?io?i?/io i?e?iaeo i?e
nooo?a?e ?ie? na?aaeiaeua. Aiae?c ? ocaaaeueiaiiy aeaieo i?iaaaeaieo
aeine?aeaeaiue aeicaieeee ?ic?iaeoe noaio EIC iaoae?a a EAN –
aeaeo?ie?oao, yea ? iniiaith i?e i?iaaaeaii? aiae?oe/ieo ?
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue.

3. Ia iniia? no?oeoo?ii-aia?aaoe/ii? oai??? ciiooaaiiy oa
a?ae?iaeeiai?/ii? oai??? iioe?aiiy oaea?ieo oaeeue io?eiai? iniiai?
aeo?aei? ??aiyiiy eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eiiai ?oeioaaiiy iaoae?a, ui aea?
iiaeeea?noue ?ic?aooaaoe ?ioaineai?noue ciiooaaiiy i?e ia?aaaaeath/?e
?ie? iaoai?/iiai oaeoi?o ?oeioaaiiy.

4. Iioaioe?inoaoe/iee iaoiae aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaeo?io?i?/ieo i?ioean?a
i?e EIC iaoae?a aeicaieea ?ic?iaeoe oaeineiiaeaio iaoiaeeeo e?euee?niiai
aecia/aiiy ei?ic?eiiai oaeoi?o ?oeioaaiiy oeyoii eiii’thoa?ii? ia?iaee
IE. Ia iniia? oe??? iaoiaeeee cai?iiiiiaaii niin?a aeine?aeaeaiiy
a?ae?ia?ic?eii? no?eeino? iaoae?a (A.n. ?1569668).

5. ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeee ioe?iee aeiaaia?/iino? caoenieo iie?ia?ieo,
iie?ia?eiiiiceoe?eieo ? oa?iiaeeooc?eieo iie?eoo?a i?e EIC, ye?
aeicaieythoue iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii i?aeoiaeeoe aei aeai?o ? ?ic?iaee
iiaeo eiiiiceoe?eieo iie?eoo?a c iioeiaeueiei ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi
iaiiaithaa/?a a caeaaeiino? a?ae aia?a?? ciai?oiuei? ae?? na?aaeiaeua ?
eiai aeaeo?io?i?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee, a oaeiae i?e i?ecia/aii? aeaeo OOI,
?ic?iaoe? oa aeine?aeaeaiith iiaeo oaoiieia?e ? niinia?a OOI.

6. C iiceoe?e o?ceei-o?i?/ii? iaoai?ee iaoa??ae?a aea/aii oa?aeoa?
?oeioaaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a iaoae?a ? nieaa?a ? aieea ia ?ioaineai?noue
EIC oaoiieia?e ci?oeiaiiy, ianaiia?aae oa?iiaeeooc?eiiai o?iioaaiiy ?
?iiiiai aciooaaiiy a EAN – aeaeo?ie?oao. Iaoiaeii OI? iieacaii
oeeee?/iee oa?aeoa? ?oeioaaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a iaoae?a a iaeo?aeueieo
EAN. Aea/aii iiaaae?ieo oeeo oa??a a caeaaeiino? a?ae eiioeaio?aoe??
?ic/ei?a, ci?ie aia?ai?iiino? ? aeeneieaoe?eii? no?oeoo?e. Iaea?aeaii
aiae?oe/io caeaaei?noue ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ei?ic?eiiai ? iaoai?/iiai
oaeoi??a ?oeioaaiiy a?ae aia?a?? ciai?oiuei? ae?? ? aeaeo?io?i?/ieo
oa?aeoa?enoee iiaa?oi?, ui eyaea a iniiao aiae?oe/ieo iaoiae?a ioe?iee
ciinino?eeino? iiaa?oiiue aeaoaeae i?e ?o i?e?ioaea?iiio iaaaioaaeaii?.

7. Eiiieaen i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue aeicaieea anoaiiaeoe
aca?iica’ycie i?ae ei?ic?eiith oa eaa?oaoe?eii-a?ic?eiith no?eeinoyie
iaoa??ae?a ? iaea?aeaoe aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino? EAC c a?aooaaiiyi
ei?ic?eii? neeaaeiai? ?oeioaaiiy.

8. Eia?/iei caaa?oaiiyi i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue noaea ?ic?iaea
i?enei?aiiai iaoiaeo ioe?iee a?aeiinii? ciinino?eeino? iaoa??ae?a i?e
EAC, ui aeicaiey? ia aac? ?acoeueoao?a eaai?aoi?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue
i?iaiicoaaoe aeiaaia?/i?noue aeaoaeae a oiiaao aenieoaoaoe??.

9. ?ic?iaeaii iiaee niin?a ?ioaineo?eaoe?? i?ioean?a OOI iaoae?a ?
nieaa?a, ui aeeth/a? iaaiaeithaaiiy iiaa?oiiue ia?aae OOI
aeaeo?ie?oe/iei (A.n. N?N? ?1277633), ?iiii-ieaciiaei (A.n. N?N?
?1324334) oa o?i?/iei niiniaaie. Aea/aii ei?ic?ei?, aeaeo?io?i?/i? oa
o?eaieia?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee o?iiiaaieo, acioiaaieo oa ci?oeiaieo
aeaeo?i?ne?iaith ia?iaeith iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a iaoa??ae?a ? a ?acoeueoao?
eaai?aoi?ieo ? ae?iaie/eo aei?iaoaaiue iieacaii aoaeoeai?noue
?ic?iaeaiiai niiniao OOI.

10. Anoaiiaeaii oaciaee neeaae, aieea eaaoth/eo aeaiaio?a ? ai?noo
aoaeaoeth iao?eoe?, ci?ie ia?aiao??a e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee caeaaeii a?ae
ia?aiao??a ?iiiiai aciooaaiiy ia ei?ic?eio no?ee?noue, aeaeo?io?i?/io
iiaaae?ieo, aaee/eio ? oa?aeoa? ?iciiae?eo caeeoeiaeo iai?oaeaiue
noeneo, i?e?ioaa?ae?noue, iaeioeeeeiao ? aaaaoioeeeeiao aoiiio
i?oei?noue i?e eiioaeo? acioiaaieo iiaa?oiiue c EAN oa?/iaeo
ae?iaieoeoa.

11. I?iaaaeaii ?ic?aooiie ci?oeiaiiy cii aioo??oiueiai aciooaaiiy ia
aac? iiaeaeae I?iaaia ? Iiooi–Iaaa??i, ui aeaco? ia iiaeeea?noue
?ic?iaee iiaeo oaoiieia?e ?iiiiai aciooaaiiy, ye? caaacia/othoue
iaea?aeaiiy aeeooc?eieo oa??a c iaeneiaeueieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie
i?oeiino? oa ieanoe/iino? ye ca ?aooiie eaaoaaiiy iao?eoe? iniiae, oae ?
ca ?aooiie ii?oieia?? aeae?eaiue i?o?eaeieo ? ea?a?aeieo oac.

12. Iieacaii, ui aeniea (aio/e?noue( i?enoinoaaiiy acioiaaieo oa??a aei
ci?ie ciai?oi?o oiia iaaaioaaeaiiy (aeaeo?io?i?/ii? aeoeaiino?
na?aaeiaeua, oeneo ? oaeaeeino? eiacaiiy ia o?eeoe?eiiio eiioaeo?,
oaiia?aoo?e na?aaeiaeua ? o.ae.) iiynith?oueny ooieoe?iiaeueiith
iiaaae?ieith (debris – oa?o( oa oiiaith i?i?i?caoe?? a?aeiioaiiy (E/A.

13. Aeeiiaii iioei?caoe?th ?aaeei?a aciooaaiiy, ye? caaacia/othoue
i?aeaeuaiiy ciinino?eeino? iaoa??ae?a i?e EIC o aeeooc?eiiio nieia? – a
2…3, a aaiiyiiio iieioe? – a 2…6 ? a eiiaeainao? aeia?ieo aia?ao?a –
a 8…13 ?ac?a.

14. Aia?oa i?iaaaeaia eiiieaenia ia?aa??ea ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue
ia a?aeoeaio?iaeo ianinao c ?iiii – acioiaaieie ?iai/eie eieanaie a
iaeo?aeueieo ? eoaeieo na?aaeiaeuao; oa?iiaeeooc?eii – o?iiiaaieie, ii
?ic?iaeaiiio niiniao, a eeneeo na?aaeiaeuao; ?iiii – acioiaaieie
caoenieie aooeeaie, acioiaaieie aaeaie ? caoeuaieie iie?ia?
eiiiiceoe?eieie iie?eooyie ei?ion?a ? e?eoie ianin?a o an?o
na?aaeiaeuao iieacaea, ui aeiaaia?/i?noue ?o ?iaioe ca?eueoo?oueny a
3…7 ?ac?a. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a ae?iaieoeoai oaoiieia?? ci?oeiaiiy ?iiiei
aciooaaiiyi ?yaeo aeaoaeae iaeaaeiaiiy oa?/iai? i?iieneiaino? aeaei
iiaeeea?noue ca?eueoeoe ?o aeiaaia?/i?noue a 1,4…7 ?ac?a.

Nienie iniiaieo iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeue caeiaoaa/a ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??

1. Nooaiei TH.A., Iaeic I.I., Noa/eoei I.N. Oaoiieiai/ii iaoiaee
caaacia/aiiy aeiaaiai/iinoi iaeaaeiaiiy oa?/iai? i?iieneiainoi. – E.:
Aea?ii, 1993. – 108 n.

2. Noa/eoei I.N. Yia?aaoe/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee eaaeoaoeeiiiiai
eciaoeaaiey iaoaeeia e aiciiaeiinoe inouanoaeaiey
eaaeoaoeeiiii-aa?aceaiie ia?aaioee//Aea?aoeee a oaoieea e oaoiieiaee. –
1997.– ? 1(4) – C. 16-21.

3. Noa/eoei I.N. Niinia enneaaeiaaiey eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiiie
noieeinoe ei??iceiiii-noieeeo iaoaeeia e nieaaia//Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie
oaoi?ee ? noni?euenoaa: Ca. noaoae. – Oiaeueieoeueeee: OOI, 1996. – Aei.
2.–N.127-129.

4. Noa/eoei I.N., ?oaeue A.A. I ei??iceiiii–iaoaie/aneii eciaoeaaiee
iaoaeeia a aa?anneaiuo n?aaeao–yeaeo?ieeoao // I?iaeaie no/aniiai
iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy .– Oiaeueieoeueeee, 1996.–N. 113–114.

5. Noa/eoei I.N. Onei?aiiue iaoiae ioeaiee ioiineoaeueiie
eciininoieeinoe iaoa?eaeia i?e eaaeoaoeeiiiie y??icee//I?iaeaiu
o?eaieiaee.-1997.-?1 – C. 79-86.

6. Noa/eoei I.N. Aiaeec e enneaaeiaaiea eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiiiai
eciaoeaaiey iaoaeeia a ei??iceiiii-aeoeaiuo n?aaeao. Niiauaiea 1// Oai
aea. – C. 87-93.

7. Noa/eoei I.N. Aiaeec e enneaaeiaaiea eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiiiai
eciaoeaaiey iaoaeeia a ei??iceiiii-aeoeaiuo n?aaeao. Niiauaiea 2//
I?iaeaiu o?eaieiaee.-1997.-?2 – C. 113-118.

8. Noa/eoei I.N. Aiaeec ei?iceiiii-iaoaie/aneiai eciaoeaaiey
oeaio?iaaaeiuo ianinia ieuaauo i?aaei?eyoee // I?iaeaiu o?eaieiaee .-
1997.-?3 .-N. 75-80.

9. Noa/eoei I.N. E iaoaiecio ei??iceiiii–iaoaie/aneiai eciaoeaaiey
iaoaeeia a n?aaeao–yeaeo?ieeoao // I?iaeaiu o?eaieiaee .- 1997.-?4 .-N.
23–28.

10. Iaoiaeu iiauoaiey aeieaiaa/iinoe aeaoaeae iai?oaeiaaiey,
iiaeaa?aeaiiuo eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiiiio eciaoeaaieth / A . E. Iaeic.,
I.A., Nieiaoa, I.N. Noa/eoei, C. Eiiae?ao //Ieuaaay i?iiuoeaiiinoue. –
1984. – ?2. – N.33-34.

11. Aiaeec niioiioaiey ei??iceiiiiai e iaoaie/aneiai oaeoi?ia i?e
eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiiii eciaoeaaiee /A.E. Iaeic, I.A. Nieiaoa, I.N.
Noa/eoei, A.E. Aaeue //Oeceei-oeie/aneay iaoaieea iaoa?eaeia. – 1984. –
O.20, ?2. – N.110-111.

12. Aeeyiea eiiiiai acioe?iaaiey ia eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiioth
noieeinoue eiino?oeoeeiiiuo noaeae a nieaauo ?anoai?ao / A.E. Iaeic.,
A.A. Eaieoi, I.N. Noa/eoei, I.A. Nieiaoa //I?iae. o?aiey e eciaoeaaiey:
?ani. iaaeaaae. iao/.-oaoi. na. – 1984. – Aui. 25. – N.36-39.

13. Acaeiinaycue i?ioeannia eaaeoaoeeiiiiai eciaoeaaiey e ei??icee
iaoaeeia a ei??iceiiii-aa?anneaiuo n?aaeao /A.E. Iaeic, I.N. Noa/eoei,
A.E. Aaeue, A.I. Eoae?ee. //Oai aea. – N.39-44.

14. Iaeic A.E., Noa/eoei I.N., Nieiaoa I.A. Aeeyiea
oa?iiaeeoooceoeeiiii-o?iie?iaaiiuo iie?uoee ia eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiioth
noieeinoue noaee 45 a ?anoai?a NaCl//I?iae. o?aiey e eciaoeaaiey: ?ani.
iaaeaaae. iao/.-oaoi. na. – 1984. – Aui. 26. – N.22-26.

15. Aeeyiea inoaoi/iuo iai?yaeaiee a oa?iiaeeoooceiiii-o?iie?iaaiiuo
oaea?iaeenouo noaeyo 20 e 45 ia eo eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiioth noieeinoue
a 3%-iii ?anoai?a NaCl /A.E Iaeic., I.N. Noa/eoei, A.E. Aacuei?iia, A.
A. Ianeiaa. //Oai aea. – N.26-29.

16. Aeeyiea oa?iiaeeoooceiiiuo o?iie?iaaiiuo iie?uoee ia
eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiioth noieeinoue /oaoia N*18/A.E.Iaeic,
I.N.Noa/eoei, I.A.Nieiaoa, A.I Eoae?ee //I?iae. o?aiey e eciaoeaaiey:
?ani. iaaeaaae. iao/.-oaoi. na. – 1985. – Aui. 27. – N.43-48.

17. Iaeic A.E., Noa/eoei I.N. Aeeyiea inoaoi/iuo iai?yaeaiee iinea
eiiiiai acioe?iaaiey oaea?iaeenouo noaeae ia eo
eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiioth eciininoieeinoue a ?anoai?ao oei?enoiai
iao?ey//I?iae. o?aiey e eciaoeaaiey: ?ani. iaaeaaae. iao/.-oaoi. na. –
1986. – Aui. 30. – N.41-43.

18. Aeeyiea ia?aiao?ia eiiiiai acioe?iaaiey ia auiineeainoue noaee 45O
a eeneie n?aaea /A. A. Eaieoi, A.A. ?oaeue, ss.I. Aeaaeeee, I.N.
Noa/eoei// Oeceei-oeie/aneay iaoaieea iaoa?eaeia. – 1986. – O.22, ?5. –
N.101-103.

19. I?eiaiaiea eiiiiai acioe?iaaiey aeey iiauoaiey aeieaiaa/iinoe
i?eoeaiiuo iaeueoeaa oeaie naaeeiyeaaaoi?a / A.A. ?oaeue, I.N. Noa/eoei,
I.A. Nieiaoa, A.A. Eoeeeia //Naoa?iay i?iiuoeaiiinoue. – 1987. – ?11. –
N.55-57.

20. Iiauoaiea eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiiie noieeinoe oaea?iaeenouo noaeae
ieaciaiiui iaiueaieai n iineaaeothuei oa?iiaeeoooceiiiui o?iie?iaaieai
/A.Ae. Eethe, ?.I. Iaaetho, A.E. Iaeic, I.N. Noa/eoei e ae?.// I?iae.
o?aiey e eciaoeaaiey: ?ani. iaaeaaae. iao/.-oaoi. na. – 1987. –
Aui. 31.- N.66-68.

21. ?oaeue A.A., Eaieoi A.A., Noa/eoei I.N. Eciininoieeinoue noaee 45O
a eeneie n?aaea a caaeneiinoe io oaiia?aoo?u iiaa?oiinoe o?aiey// I?iae.
o?aiey e eciaoeaaiey: ?ani. iaaeaaae. iao/.-oaoi. na. – 1987. – Aui. 32.
– N.63-66.

22. Iaeic A.E., Noa/eoei I.N., ?oaeue A.A. Ioeaiea aeieaiaa/iinoe
oa?iiaeeoooceiiiuo iie?uoee i?e eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiiii eciaoeaaiee a
yeaeo?ieeoao//Caaiaeneay eaai?aoi?ey. – 1988. – ?8. – N.96-97.

23. Aeeyiea eenei?iaea ia ei??iceiiii-iaoaie/aneia eciaoeaaiea noaee a
ei??iceiii-aeoeaiuo n?aaeao./I.A. Nieiaoa, A.A. Eaieoi, A.A. ?oaeue,
I.N. Noa/eoei//I?iae. o?aiey e eciaoeaaiey: ?ani. iaaeaaae. iao/.-oaoi.
na. – 1988. – Aui. 33. – N.62-66.

24. ?oaeue A.A., Nieiaoa I.A., Noa/eoei I.N. Iioeiecaoeey
eciininoieeinoe noaee a uaei/iie n?aaea//I?iae. o?aiey e eciaoeaaiey:
?ani. iaaeaaae. iao/.-oaoi. na. – 1989. – Aui. 35. – N.16-19.

25. Noa/eoei I.N., Iaeic A.E., ?oaeue A.A. e ae?.
Eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiay noieeinoue aeth?aethieiey iinea eaca?iie
ia?aaioee//I?iae. o?aiey e eciaoeaaiey: ?ani. iaaeaaae. iao/.-oaoi. na.
– 1990. – Aui. 37. – N.43-44.

26. Noa/eoei I.N., Iaeic A.E., Iiaiaeaaa E.E. Caeiiiia?iinoe
eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiiiai eciaoeaaiey iaoaeeia a ei??iceiiiuo n?aaeao//
O?aiea e eciin. – 1990. – O.11, ?3. – N.454-463.

27. Noa/eoei I.N., ?oaeue A.A., Niicue A.A. Iiauoaiea
eaaeoaoeeiiii-y?iceiiiie noieeinoe noaeae iinea eiiiiai
acioe?iaaiey//Oi?aaeaiea o?eaioaoie/aneeie e i?i/iinoiuie naienoaaie
iaoaie/aneeo nenoai: Na. – Eeaa: OIE AI, 1990. – N.96-102.

28. A.n. 1277633 (AeNI) NNN?. IEE C23 C17/12. Niinia o?iie?iaaiey
ecaeaeee ec noaee e /oaoia/A.E.Iaeic, I.N. Noa/eoei, I.A. Nieiaoa// AE –
1986.

29. A.n. 1324334 (AeNI) NNN?. IEE C23 C8/36. Niinia eiiaeie?iaaiiie
ia?aaioee noaeueiuo e /oaoiiuo ecaeaeee /A.E. Iaeic, I.A. Nieiaoa, I.N.
Noa/eoei//AE – 1987.

30. A.n. 1569668 NNN?. IEE G01 N3/56. Niinia enneaaeiaaiey
aeae?iy?iceiiiie noieeinoe iaoaeeia/A.E. Iaeic, I.A. Nieiaoa, Eiiae?ao
Caeeneaa, I.N. Noa/eoei//AE – 1990. – ?21.

31. Noa/eoei I.N., Iaeic I.?. Aiae?c ei?ic?eii-iaoai?/iiai ciiooaaiiy a
ei?ic?eieo na?aaeiaeuao – aeaeo?ie?oao //??? I?aeia?iaeiee neiiic?oi
oe?a?inueeeo ?iaeaia??a–iaoai?e?a: Oac. aeii. – Euea?a, 1997. – C.
214-215.

Aiioaoei? 

Noa/eoei I.N. Iaoiaee ioe?iee oa i?aeaeuaiiy aeiaaia?/iino? aeaoaeae
iaeaaeiaiiy oa?/iai? i?iieneiaino? i?e ei?ic?eii-iaoai?/iiio
ciiooaaii?.–?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo iaoe ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.02.04. – Oa?oy oa ciiooaaiiy a iaoeiao.
Oaoiieia?/iee oi?aa?neoao Iiae?eey, Oiaeueieoeueeee, 1998.

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien, yeee i?noeoue oai?aoe/i? ?ic?iaee oa
aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy a aaeoc? ei?ic?eii-iaoai?/iiai
ciiooaaiiy iiaa?oiaaeo oa??a aeaoaeae o ei?ic?eii-aeoeaieo na?aaeiaeuao
oa?/iai? i?iieneiaino? c iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy ?o iaae?eiino? ?
aeiaaia?/iino? c aeei?enoaiiyi aeinyaiaiue no/anieo oaoiieia?e
iiaa?oiaaiai ci?oeiaiiy ia iniia? iiaiai niiniao ?ioaineo?eaoe??
aeeooc?eieo i?ioean?a i?e OOI iaoae?a oa nieaa?a, a oaeiae i?eioeeie
ioe?iee ciinino?eeino? oa i?iaiicoaaiiy aeiaaia?/iino? aeaoaeae
iaeaaeiaiiy.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aeiaaia?/i?noue, ei?ic?eii-iaoai?/ia ciiooaaiiy,
eaa?oaoe?y, i?iaiicoaaiiy, ei?ic?y, o?i?ei-oa?i?/ia ia?iaea.

Noa/eoei I.N. Iaoiaeu ioeaiee e iiauoaiey aeieaiaa/iinoe aeaoaeae
iai?oaeiaaiey ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe i?e ei??iceiiii-iaoaie/aneii
eciaoeaaiee.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie iao/iie noaiaie aeieoi?a oaoie/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.02.04. – o?aiea e eciin a iaoeiao.
Oaoiieiae/aneee oieaa?neoao Iiaeieuey, Oiaeueieoeeee, 1998.

Aeenna?oaoeeae yaeyaony ?oeiienue, eioi?ay niaea?aeeo oai?aoe/aneea
?ac?aaioee e yenia?eiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey a iaeanoe
ei??iceiiii-iaoaie/aneiai eciaoeaaiey iiaa?oiinoiuo neiaa aeaoaeae a
ei??iceiiii-aeoeaiuo n?aaeao ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe n oeaeueth
?ac?aaioee iaoiaeia ioeaiee e iiauoaiey eo iaaeaaeiinoe e aeieaiaa/iinoe
n eniieueciaaieai aeinoeaeaiee nia?aiaiiuo oaoiieiaee iiaa?oiinoiiai
oi?i/iaiey ia iniiaa iiaiai niiniaa eioaineoeeaoeee aeeoooceiiiuo
i?ioeannia i?e OOI iaoaeeia e nieaaia, a oaeaea i?eioeeiu ioeaiee
eciininoieeinoe e i?iaiice?iaaiey aeieaiaa/iinoe aeaoaeae iai?oaeiaaiey.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: aeieaiaa/iinoue, ei??iceiiii-iaoaie/aneia eciaoeaaiea,
eaaeoaoeey, i?iaiice?iaaiea, ei??icey, oeieei–oa?ie/aneay ia?aaioea.

Stechishin M.S. Prognosis and raising durability food machine parts in
corrosive-mechanical wear.–Manuscript.

Thesis for a doctor’s degree of technical sciences on speciality
05.02.04. – friction and wear in machines. Technological University of
Podillia, Khmelnitsky, 1998.

The thesis is a manuscript containing theoretical elaborations and
experimental research in the field of corrosive-mechanical wear of
surface parts layers components in corrosive-active mediums food
industry to raise their safety and durability with use of the
achievements of modern technologies surface strengthening on the base of
new method of intensification diffusive processes during
chemical-thermal treatment metals and fusions and also principles of
estimation of wear and prognosis of durability machine parts.

Key words: durability, corrosive–mechanical wear, cavitation,
prognosis, corrosive, chemical – thermal treatment.

I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 15.10.1998 ?.

Iaeeaae 100 i?ei. Caiiaeaiiy ?279

________________________________________

?aaeaeoe?eii-aeaeaaie/ee oeaio? OOI.

280016 i. Oiaeueieoeueeee, aoe. ?inoeooonueea 7/1

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