OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE IIE?OAOI?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
ia i?aaao ?oeiieno
Oeoia Na?a?e Ay/aneaaiae/
OAeE, 661.321(075.8)
AeINE?AeAEAIIss ? ?IC?IAEA I?IOeANO EIIAA?N?? OEAIO AeENOEEssOe?? O
AE?IAIEOeOA? EAEUeOeEIIAAII? NIAeE C IAOITH AE?IAEAIIss EA?AIIAOII?
NE?IAEIE AeEss NEIOACO OeAIAIOIIAI EE?IEA?O.
05.05.13 – Iaoeie oa aia?aoe o?i?/ieo ae?iaieoeoa
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe.
Oa?e?a – 1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioo aeeiiaii o ae?iaie/iio ia’?aeiai? AO “Niaea”, i. Noa?e?oaiae,
Aaoei?inoai, ?in?enueea Oaaea?aoe?y.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?,
Oaii?aa Aaea??e Iaaeiae/,
Oa?e?anueeee Aea?aeaai?e Iie?oaoi?/iee
Oi?aa?neoao, i?ioani? eaoaae?e “O?i?/ii? oaoi?ee oa i?iieneiai?
aeieia??”
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe,
Iieoyiia Aaea??e Iao?iae/,
Oi?aa?neoao aioo??oi?o ni?aa, i. Oa?e?a,
caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith “Aeieia??”
eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe,
Oea?ueiaa Ceia?aea Ieoaee?aia,
Oa?e?anueeee Aea?aeaai?e Iie?oaoi?/iee
Oi?aa?neoao, i?ioani? eaoaae?e “Iniia
o?i?/ii? oaoiieia?? oa i?ioean?a ? aia?ao?a”
I?ia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y: Oa?e?anueeee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ? i?iaeoiee
?inoeooo iniiaii? o?i?? (IAe?IO?I).
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “_26″ ____11_______ 1998 ?. i __14___ aiaeei?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae.64.050.05 o Oa?e?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio iie?oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith:
310002 i. Oa?e?a –2, aoe. O?oica, 21
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iie?oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ” 23 ” aeiaoiy 1998 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Oei/aiei A.E.17
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
AEOOAEUeI?NOUe I?IAEAIE. Ia aeaiee /an i?ioean o ae?iaieoeoa? niaee
eaeueoeeiiaaii? iia’ycaiee c oaeineiiaeaiiyi oaoiieia?/ieo noaae?e
niaeiaiai i?ioeano c oi/ee ci?o ciaioaiiy e?eueeino? ??aeeiieo oa
oaa?aeeo a?aeoiae?a oa ?ic?iaeith oaoiieia?e ?o ia?a?iaee, ui
caaacia/othoue cia/ia ciaioaiiy eai?oaeiaeeaaeaiue.
Iaei??th c oeaio?aeueieo i?iaeai ooo ? ?ic?iaea eiiieaenii? oaoiieia??
aeae?eaiiy oa ooee?caoe?? oaa?aeeo a?aeoiae?a niaeiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa ia
iia? i?iaeoeoe oa ye?nio ne?iaeio aeey noi?aeieo ae?iaieoeoa.
Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eiiieaenii? oaoiieia?? aeicaieeoue c aoi?eiieo
iaoa??aeueieo ?ano?n?a ae?iaeyoe ?yae oiaa?ieo i?iaeoeo?a oaeeo ye
o?i?/iiinaaeaeaio e?aeaeo, aeoeaiee ieneae eaeueoe?th, a?ae?iieneae
eaeueoe?th oa ?io?. Iaea?eueo nooo?aei ? oa, ui eiiieaenia oaoiieia?y
aeicaiey? c aoi?eiieo iaoa??aeueieo ?ano?n?a ae?iaeyoe ea?aiiaoio
ne?iaeio, yea ? ye?niei iai?ai?iaeoeoii aeey neioaco oeaiaioiiai
ee?iea?o.
E??i oeueiai, ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eiiieaenii? oaoiieia?? ?ica’yco? aeieia?/i?
i?iaeaie niaeiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa oae? ye
aeeeth/aiiy aai ??cea ciaioaiiy “a?eeo ii??a”, caa?aaeaiiy i?ieo caiaeue
Oe?a?ie oa ?ioa.
Aea aei oeueiai /ano iaia? ae?iaieoeoaa niaee, aea aoea a ai?iaaaeaeaia
eiiieaenia oaoiieia?y a?aeae?eaiiy oa ooee?caoe?? oaa?aeeo a?aeoiae?a.
Oea iia’ycaii c oei, ui aei oeueiai /ano iaia? oai?aoe/ieo iniia ?
a?aeiia?aeii iaoiae?a aeae?eaiiy oa ia?a?iaee a?aeoiae?a, ye?
aeicaieythoue i?iaiicoaaoe oa ea?oaaoe o?ceei-o?i?/ieie aeanoeainoyie
i?iaeoeo?a oa iai?ai?iaeoeo?a c a?aeoiae?a. A?aeiia?aeii oea ia
aeicaiey? ae?iaeyoe aaio i?iaeoeo?a ? iai?ai?iaeoeo?a aeey noi?aeieo
ae?iaieoeoa, ui oneeaaeith? iiaeeea?noue aoaeoeaii iaiaa?oaaoe
ae?iaieoeoao a oiiaao ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee.
Oiio ?ic?iaea oai?aoe/ieo iniia, aeine?aeaeaiiy oa ocaaaeueiaiiy
caeiiii??iinoae i?ioean?a aeae?eaiiy a?aeoiae?a, i?ioean?a ?o ia?a?iaee
? noai?aiiy iiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei oeeo ieoaiue noaiiaeoue aeooaeueio
iaoeiai-oaoi?/io i?iaeaio, yea ia? aaaeeeaa ia?iaeii-ainiiaea?nueea
cia/aiiy.
?iaioa iaae aeaiith oaiaoeeith oa ?ic?iaea i?ioeano ooee?caoe?? oaa?aeeo
a?aeoiae?a aeeiioaaeanue a?aeiia?aeii c oe?eueiaith i?ia?aiith “Iniiai?
iai?yiee ?icaeoeo ae?iaieoeoaa eaeueoeeiiaaii? niaee aei 2010 ?. i. 1.5”
(Caoa. Aea?ae. eii. N?N? ii iaooe? ? oaoi?oe? ?555 a?ae 03. 03. 85 ?.),
a oaeiae Iinoaiiae eaa?iaoo i?i?no??a ?anioae?ee Aaoei?inoai “I?i
iaa?aeeiaei? ia?e ? iniiai? iai?yiee i?e?iaeiioi?iiieo ?ia?o a ?A” (?71.
a?ae 03. 03. 94?).
Ca?aeii ia?ae?/aieo i?ia?ai aoa ?ic?iaeaiee oaoiieia?/iee i?ioean
ia?a?iaee oaa?aeeo a?aeoiae?a niaeiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa ia ye?nio
ea?aiiaoio ne?iaeio aeey ae?iaieoeoaa oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o, ?acoeueoaoe
?iaioe ai?iaaaeaeai? ia AI “Niaea” i?noi Noa?e?oaiae.
IAOA ?IAIOE – ?ic?iaeoe i?ioean oa oaoiieia?th ia?a?iaee oeaio
aeenoeeyoe?? c i?iaiiciaaiei neeaaeii ? o?ceei-o?i?/ieie aeanoeainoyie,
ii?aoethaaoe ?aaeeie ia?a?iaee oeaio aeenoeeyoe?? ia ne?iaeio c
o?ceei-o?i?/ieie aeanoeainoyie, ye? aeicaieythoue aeei?enoiaoaaoe
oeai-ne?iaeio a oeaiaioiiio ae?iaieoeoa?.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe o ?iaio? ae??oothoueny oae? caaea/?:
iaa?oiooaaiiy ? aea?? iaoiaeo ia?iaee oeaio aeenoeeyoe??, yeee
aeicaieeoue aeinyaoe iaoe; oai?aoe/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?aiao??a
i?ioean?a aeae?eaiiy ? iaoiaeo ia?iaee c anoaiiaeaiiyi ca’yceo i?ae
ia?aiao?aie ? aeanoeainoyie iai?ai?iaeoeoo; ?ic?iaea iaoaiaoe/ii?
iiaeae? i?ioeano; aenia?eiaioaeueia aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioeano c
i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi aaeaeaaoiino? iiaeae? ?aaeueiei yaeuai; ?ic?iaea
?aaeaiaioo ui aei ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iai?ai?iaeoeoo a yeino? ne?iaeie a
ae?iaieoeoa? oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o.
IA’?EO AeINE?AeAEAIIss. Aeenoeea?ia noniaic?y niaeiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa,
oeai aeenoeeyoe??, ?aaeoi?i? nenoaie aeey ia?a?iaee oeaio, i?ioean
ee?iea?iooai?aiiy.
IAOIAeE AeINE?AeAEAIIss. Aeey ?ica’ycaiiy ?icaeyiooeo o aeena?oaoe??
caaea/ aeei?enoaiee nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae. Aeine?aeaeaiiy e?iaoeee,
o?ceei-o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae aeeiioaaeinue c aeei?enoaiiyi
?aioaaii-no?oeoo?iiai oa ?aioaaii-oaciaiai aiae?c?a o oiio /ene? c
aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo “in suti”, iaoiae?a niaeo?ineii??, i?e?ineii?/iiai
aiae?co, iaoiae?a AeOA oa ?io?. Ia?iaea ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue
aeeiioaaeanue c aeei?enoaiiyi AII.
IAOEIAA IIAECIA. Aea?aii iaoiae ia?iaee oeaio aeenoeeyoe?? a iniiao
yeiai iieeaaeaiee i?ioean eiiaa?n?? oei?eae?a, noeueoao?a, a?ae?ieneae?a
eaeueoe?th, ye? i?noyoueny o eiai neeaae?, ?ic/eiaie iane/aieie ?iiaie
CO32-. ?ic?iaeaia oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy i?ioeano eiiaa?n?? ? eiai
iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue, yea aeicaiey? i?iaiicoaaoe o?ceei-o?i?/i?
aeanoeaino? i?iaeoeoo i?ioeano eiiaa?n??, aenia?eiaioaeueii aeiaaaeaia
aaeaeaaoi?noue iiaeae? c aeyaeaiiyi ?aoe?iiaeueieo oaoiieia?/ieo
ia?aiao??a i?ioeano. Aeine?aeaeai? iaoai?/i? aeanoeaino?
oeaio-eiiaa?n??, aia?oa aeyaeai? caeaaeiino? no?oeoo?ii? a’yceino? oeaio
aeenoeeyoe?? ? oeaio eiiaa?n?? a?ae nee cnoao. Ia iniia? ?acoeueoao?a
oai?aoe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?ioeano eiiaa?n??
oeaio aeenoeeyoe?? cai?iiiiiaaii ? ?ic?iaeaii iiaee i?ioean aeae?eaiiy
oa ooee?caoe?? oeaio aeenoeeyoe?? niaeiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa. Aeey
?aae?caoe?? iiaiai i?ioeano ?ic?iaeaia aia?aoo?ia ioi?ieaiiy oa
neioaciaaii aia?aoo?ii-oaoiieia?/io noaio i?ioeano, yea aeicaiey?
ae?iaeyoe c oeaio aeenoeeyoe?? ea?aiiaoio ne?iaeio c aeanoeainoyie , ye?
a?aeiia?aeathoue aeiiaai ui aei ea?aiiaoii? ne?iaeie ae?iaieoeoaa
oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o. Aia?oa aenia?eiaioaeueii aeiaaaeaii iiaeeea?noue
aeei?enoaiiy oeaio aeenoeeyoe?? (i?ney i?ioeano eiiaa?n??) a
ae?iaieoeoa? oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o ? anoaiiaeaii, ui aeei?enoaiiy oeaio
eiiaa?n?? a i?ioean? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy ?ioaineo?eo? inoaii?e ? cieaeo?
oaiia?aoo?o neioaco ia 80-120°N.
I?AEOE*IA CIA*EI?NOUe. Oai?aoe/i? ? aenia?eiaioaeuei? ?acoeueoaoe
aeiaaaeaii aei eiie?aoieo ?iaeaia?ieo ??oaiue ui aei ?ic?aooieo
iaeaaeiaiiy aeey ?aae?caoe?? i?ioean?a, ?aaeaiaio?a aeey ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
i?ioeano eiiaa?n?? ? neioaco oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o. Aeiiii?/iee aoaeo
a?ae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy i?aeoe/ieo ??oaiue caeiaooeo a aeena?oaoe?? neeaaea?
820 oen. ?in. ea?a.
IA CAOENO AEIINssOUeNss:
– i?ioean eiiaa?n?? oeaio aeenoeeyoe??, yeee iieeaaeaii a iniiao iaoiaeo
(i?ioeano) ia?iaee oeaio;
– ?acoeueoaoe oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?ioeano eiiaa?n?? oa
e?iaoe/i? ? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? oeueiai i?ioeano;
– iiaeaeue ?aaeoi?a-eiiaa?n?? oa iiaeaeue iiaiiai ci?ooaaiiy aeaioacii?
nenoaie a ?aaeoi?? ? oiiae ianooaaiiai ia?aoiaeo;
– ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy no?oeoo?ii? a’yceino? oeaio eiiaa?n?? a?ae
nee cnoao;
– ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ii aeei?enoaiith oeaio eiiaa?n?? a yeino?
ea?aiiaoii? ne?iaeie a ae?iaieoeoa? oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o.
A??IA?AeI?NOUe ?acoeueoao?a, iaea?aeaieo o ?iaio?, i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny
canoinoaaiiyi oai?aoe/ii iaa?oioiaaieo iaoiae?a, aeei?enoaiiyi cania?a
iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee i?e ia?iaoe? ?acoeueoao?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, caaeia?eueiei ?o ca?aii ?c ?ic?aooieiaeie aeaieie,
caeiaooeie i?e aeine?aeii-i?iieneiai? aenieoaoaoe?? onoaoeoaaiiy.
?aae?caoe?y oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe.
Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ?aae?ciaaii o aeaeyae? aeo?aeieo aeaieo aeey
noai?aiiy ? i?iaeooaaiiy i?iieneiai? onoaiiaee, ui aoaea ai?iaaaeaeaia a
ae?iaieoeoai o 2000 ?. E??i oiai, iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ?aae?ciaaii
a aeine?aeii-i?iieneiao onoaiiaeo, ui ai?iaaaeaeaia ia AI “Niaea” i?noi
Noa?e?oaiae.
AI?IAAOe?ss ?IAIOE. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eieo aeine?aeaeaiue
aeiiia?aeaeenue oa iaaiai?thaaeenue ia I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe??
“Aaciaea i?e aeei?enoaii? iaeaaeiaiiy a ??cieo noa?ao ae?iaieoeoaa” I.
IAAOI, 1996 ?., a oaeiae ia a/aieo ?aaeao AI “Niaea” (i. Noa?e?oaiae) ?
can?aeaiiyo eaoaae?e OOIA o Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iie?oaoi?/iiio
oi?aa?neoao? i?ioyaii 1995-1997 ?.
IOAE?EAOe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe iioae?eiaaii o 4 iaoeiaeo
noaooyo ? oacao aeiiia?aeae iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?e.
NO?OEOO?A OA IANssA ?IAIOE. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c?
anooio, 5 aeaa, caaaeueieo aeniiae?a, aeiaeaoe?a oa nieneo e?oa?aoo?e.
?iaioa i?noeoue 130 noi??iie oaenoo oa aeeth/a? 25 ?enoie?a, 17
oaaeeoeue, aeiaeaoie.
Nienie e?oa?aoo?e c 96 iaeiaioaaiue.
Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe.
O ANOOI? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe??.
O IA?O?E AEAA? aena?oeaii noai i?iaeaie ? iinoaaeai? caaea/?
aeena?oaoe?eieo aeine?aeaeaiue. I?iaiae?ciaai? oaoiieia?/i? ??oaiiy,
caniae aeae?eaiiy ? ooee?caoe?? oaa?aeeo a?aeoiae?a niaeiaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa, iaoiaee ?o ia?a?iaee. Anoaiiaeaii, ui iniiai? ia?aiiie ui
aei aeei?enoaiiy oeaio o ??cieo noa?ao i?iieneiaino? iia’ycai? c eiai
o?i?/iei neeaaeii ? o?ceei-o?i?/ieie aeanoeainoyie. Aei neeaaeo oeaio
aoiaeyoue aeii?oee oei?eae?a eaeueoe?th ? iao??th, a?ae?ieneaeo oa
noeueoaoo eaeueoe?th ? iaai?th oa ?ioa. Oe? aeii?oee, a iniaeeai
oei?eaee, noeueoaoe, a?ae?ieneaee oa neeaaei? nee?eaoe, ia aeicaieythoue
aeei?enoiaoaaoe oeai a yeino? ne?iaeie aeey noi?aeieo ae?iaieoeoa.
O ca’yceo c oeei, ia ae?th/eo ae?iaieoeoaao eaeueoeeiiaaii? niaee oeaie
aeenoeeyoe?? ia ooee?co?oueny ? iiaeathoueny a aanaeie-iaeiiethaa/? –
“a?e? ii?y”.
Aeiaaaeaii, ui aeine?aeaeaiiy ii aeei?enoaiith oeai?a aeenoeeyoe?? o
noi?aeieo ae?iaieoeoaao ia iaee aeinoaoiuei aoaeoeaiiai ?icaeoeo ?
i?aeoe/ii? ?aae?caoe?? oiio, ui aiie aeeiioaaeenue a ?aieao
o?aaeeoe?eieo i?aeoiae?a, oiaoi aeae?eaiiy oeaio c aeenoeea?ii? ??aeeie
ia o?eueo?ao, eiai i?iieaeo, nooeo. Oaeee i?aeo?ae ia aeicaiey?
iicaaaeoeny aeuaaeacaieo aeii?oie. Oiio aoa c?iaeaiee aeniiaie ui aei
iaiao?aeiino? aeei?enoaiiy iao?aaeeoe?eieo i?aeoiae?a aei aea/aiiy
i?ioean?a aeae?eaiiy oeaio ? eiai ia?a?iaee. A i?aenoieo noi?ioeueiaaii
iaoo oa caaaeaiiy aeaii? ?iaioe, ui aena?oeai? o ?? caaaeuei?e
oa?aeoa?enoeoe?.
O Ae?OA?E AEAA? aena?oeai? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aeinyaaiiy
iinoaaeaii? iaoe. Aea?oueny oa?aeoa?enoeea aeo?aeieo iaoa??ae?a ?
iai?ai?iaeoeo?a, iaoiaee ?o aeine?aeaeaiiy, iienothoueny noaiaeia?,
aeine?aeii-i?iieneiaa onoaiiaee. ?icaeyaeathoueny iaoiaee aei??thaaiiy
??cieo ia?aiao??a oa ?o aeinoia??i?noue.
O O?AO?E AEAA? aeeeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
i?ioeano eiiaa?n?? oeaio aeenoeeyoe??, e?iaoe/i? iiaeae? oa iaoaiaoe/ia
iiaeaeue a oe?eiio.
O?i?/iee neeaae oeaio aeenoeeyoe?? ae?iaeaiiai o?eueo?oaaiiyi
aeenoeea?ii? noniaic?? aac i?iieaaiiy aiaeith i?eaaaeaiee ieae/a. A
neeaae oeaio aoiaeyoue % ian.: CaCO3 – 11.5; CaCl2 – 9.5; Ca(OH)2 – 2.5;
CaSO4 – 3.8; Mg(OH)2 – 1.5; NaCl – 4; SiO2 – 2; R2O3 – 1.25; H2O – 64.
Ia?a?aoiaoth/e ia nooo ?a/iaeio oea noaaeoue % ian.: CaCO3 – 32; CaCl2 –
26; Ca(OH)2 – 6.9; CaSO4 – 10.5; Mg(OH)2 – 4.2; NaCl – 11; SiO2 – 5.5;
R2O3 – 3.5. I?e i?ioean? eiiaa?n?? oeai aaiaeeoueny aei eiioaeoo c
?ic/eiaie niaeiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa, aei neeaaeo yeeo aoiaeyoue nie?
Na2CO3, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3. Aei oeeo ?ic/ei?a a?aeiinyoueny ??aeeia i?ney
IAEE, ??aeeia i?ney aaeooi o?eueo??a, oeaaia EAeN, OAAeN oa ?io?. I?e
ci?ooaaii? oeaio aeenoeeyoe?? c aeacaieie ?ic/eiaie i?io?ea? aeae?eueea
o?i?/ieo aca?iiae?e, ui i?eaiaeeoue aei eiiaa?n?? aeii?oie a CaCO3. Oe?
aca?iiae?? iiaeia eeaneo?eoaaoe ia o?e eeane:
iai?ii? ?aaeoe?? a nenoai? ?ic/ei-?ic/ei:
CaCl2p + Na2CO3p a CaCO3oa + 2NaClp
CaSO4p + Na2CO3p a CaCO3oa + NaSO4p
CaCl2p + (NH4)2CO3p a CaCO3oa + 2NH4Clp
CaSO4p + (NH4)2CO3p a CaCO3oa + (NH4)2SO4p
Ca(OH)2p + Na2CO3p a CaCO3oa + Na(OH)2p
?aaeoe?? aca?iiae?? a nenoai? ?ic/ei-oaa?aea:
Ca(OH)2oa + Na2CO3p a CaCO3oa + 2NaOHp
Ca(OH)2oa + (NH4)2CO3p a CaCO3oa + 2NH4OHp
1/5(5CaO *6SiO2 *5.5H2O)oa + 2NH4Clp aCaCl2p+ 6/5SiO2+ 2NH4OHp
?aaeoe?? aca?iiae?? a nenoai? ?ic/ei-oaa?aea-aac:
Ca(OH)2oa + Na2CO3p + CO2 a; Ca(OH)2oa + (NH4)2CO3p + CO2 a
I?e oeueiio aeacai? ?aaeoe?ei? i?ioeane i?io?eathoue i?aeoe/ii
iaeii/anii ? cia/ii aieeaathoue iaeei ia iaeei. Aeoiaey/e c oeueiai
nii/aoeo aeine?aeaeoaaee eiaeiee c ia?a/eneaiieo eean?a aca?iiae?e, a
iio?i caeiaoo? e?iaoe/i? ? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? ei?aeooaaee aeey
aeine?aeaeoaaii? nenoaie a oe?eiio.
E?enoae?caoe?y ea?aiiaoo eaeueoe?th i?e o?i?/ii? aca?iiae??
a nenoai? ?ic/ei-?ic/ei.
Aenia?eiaioe i?iaiaeeeenue a ?aaeoi?? iiaiei ci?ooaaiiyi. ?acoeueoaoe
aenia?eiaio?a ? ?o ia?iaea aeicaieeee onoaiiaeoe, ui i?ioean
ooai?thaaiiy CaCO3 ei?aeth? noai?iiei caeiiii. Ca?iaeeiooai?aiiy ? c??no
e?enoae?a CaCO3 i?io?ea? a e?iaoe/ii? iaeano?. Ii?yaeie e?iaoeee J
ei?aeth? ianooiiei ??aiyiiyi iacaeaaeii a?ae eiiiiiaio?a o/aniee?a
aca?iiae??:
wmetafile8? ??1/4???????????
???????????yyy????.????1????????????? A
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy¬yyy???L?????&??MathType??Acaaae?
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae oaeaeeinoyie ca?iaeeiooai?aiiy Bo ? ?inoo e?enoae?a
s iieno?oueny ??aiyiiyi:
wmetafile8? ??o???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@a???&??yyyy?????Ayyy»yyy ??u?????&?
?MathType??P????u?th??????Anoaiiaeaii, ui ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae
oaeaee?noth ?inoo e?enoae?a CaCO3 [s], aoueiith noniaic?? (yea
ooai?th?oueny i?ney iiyaeaiiy oace CaCO3) [MT], oa /anii ia?aaoaaiiy
?aaeoe?eii? noi?o? a ?aaeoi?? [q] aeey ?aaeoe?e eiiaa?n?? ?a/iaei
CaCl2, CaSO4, Ca(OH)2? a?aeiia?aeii iienothoueny ??aiyiiyie:
wmetafile8? ??1???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@ ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy»yyy`??u?????&?
?MathType??P????u?th??????wmetafile8? ??1???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@????&??yyyy?????Ayyy»yyyA??u?????&?
?MathType??P????u?th??????wmetafile8? ??2???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@????&??yyyy?????Ayyy»yyy@??u?????&?
?MathType??P????u?th??????aea iaeano? aenia?eiaioaeueieo oiia aeey MT
a?aeiia?aeii ne?aeoth/e:
MT = 0.4 – 0.6 [ea/i3]
MT = 0.13 – 0.2 [ea/i3]
MT = 0.35 – 0.42 [ea/i3]
Ia?iaea caeaaeiinoae s a?ae q, Bo a?ae q oa Pr a?ae q a eiaa?eoi?/ieo
eii?aeeiaoao aeicaieeea anoaiiaeoe, ui ciaioaiiy aaee/ei s, Bo ? Pr
ei?aeth?oueny c ciaioaiiyi iieueieo oaeaeeinoae aeeaeaiiy F. Aeoiaey/e c
oeueiai oaeaee?noue ooai?aiiy CaCO3 [Pr ] iiaeia ?ic?aooaaoe ii
iaoa??aeueiiio aaeaino ?ii?a eaeueoe?th:
Pr = M * (Co -C) * F , aea
M – iieaeoey?ia iana eiiiiiaio?a, ye? i?eeiathoue o/anoue a ?aaeoe??,
ea/iieue; C, Co – a?aeiia?aeii eiioeaio?aoe?y oa ii/aoeiaa
eiioeaio?aoe?y, iieue/i3; F – oaeaee?noue aeeaeaiiy, i3/n.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy ?iciiae?eo e?enoae?a CaCO3 ii ?ici??ai a i?ioean?
aca?iiae?? eiiiiiaio?a aeicaieeei anoaiiaeoe, ui caeaaei?noue a?aeiinii?
aoueie iiioeyoe?? e?enoae?a a?ae ?o ?ici??o ia? e?i?eiee oa?aeoa?.
?ica?a i?ae iaeiaioeie ? iaea?eueoeie e?enoaeaie o?eno?oueny a ?ioa?aae?
(2 – 7)* 10-6, [i]. Aenia?eiaioaeuei? ?ic?aooiee aeiaaee, ui a ?aaeoi??
iiaiiai ci?ooaaiiy i?ioean eiiaa?n?? c’?aeiaiue CaCl2, CaSO4, Ca(OH)2?
i?io?ea? iiai?noth i?e cia/aii? q aeecueei 600 n, oiaoi 10 oa.
Aeei?enoaiiy ?aaeoi?o c ii?oiaaei iioieii i?eaiaeeoue aei oiai, ui /an
iiaii? aca?iiae?? c?inoa? aei 1800 n oiaoi 30 oa. Oaeei /eiii,
i/aaeaeii, ui e?iaoeea ooai?aiiy CaCO3 a aeine?aeaeaieo oiiaao
e?i?oo?oueny oaeaee?noth i?aeaiaeo ?aaaaio?a aei ?aaeoe?eii? ciie.
A?aoiaoth/e, ui ?iie Cl iathoue cia/ii a?eueoo ?ooii?noue i?ae ?iie
CO32-, oi i?ioean e?i?oo?oueny ?ooii?noth ?ii?a CO32-. A ?aaeoi??
?aeaaeueiiai ci?ooaaiiy oe? iaiaaeaiiy i?aaeththoueny. Oiae? a yeino?
ia?aiao?o ?aaoethaaiiy ia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy, Bo/s, a a?aeiia?aeii ? ia
iiioeyoe?th e?enoae?a CaCO3, i?e ae?oaeo ??aieo oiiaao ne?ae aeae?aoe
ia?aiao? q.
Ooai?aiiy CaCO3 i?e aca?iiae?? noniaic?? Ca(OH)2oa c ?ic/eiaie nieae.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiioaaeenue c aeei?enoaiiyi ?aaeoi??a iiaiiai
ci?ooaaiiy ? ii?oiaaiai iioieo. Iniiai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiiai? a
?aaeoi?? iiaiiai ci?ooaaiiy. I?ioean aeine?aeaeoaaany a ?ioa?aae?
oaiia?aoo? 334 – 368 E, /anoee Ca(OH)2oa iaee ?ici?? ? ??I???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????`?
???&??yyyy?????AyyycyyyA???????&??MathType????
???u?????????"????-?????W???M?????????u?t
h??????Caeaaei?noue oaeaeeino? i?ioeano a?ae oaiia?aoo?e iienoaaeanue
??aiyiiyi:
wmetafile8? ??L???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
AA???&??yyyy?????Ayyy°yyy???p?????&??MathType????
???u?????????"????-?????;???1/2???‰ ??????r
???C???u?th??????A ?acoeueoao? anoaiiaeaii, ui E neeaaea? 5016
Aeae/iieue. C?inoaiiy oaiia?aoo?e a?ae 283 aei 368 E i?eaiaeeoue aei
ca?eueoaiiy eiinoaioe K1 a 1.3 ? 1.4 ?ace, a ca?eueoaiiy eiioeaio?aoe??
Ca(OH)2oa, i?e ae?oaeo ??aieo oiiaao, e ciaioaiith K1 oaeiae a 10 ?ac.
Aeey ae?oai? ae?eyiee e?iaoe/ii? e?eai? K2 ci?ith?oueny a?ae 1.01*10-2
aei 1.6*10-2 [n-], a aia?a?y aeoeaaoe?? neeaaea? 12540 Aeae/iieue.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy aonoeie iiioeyoe?? /anoie ?aaeoe?eii? iane aeicaieeei
anoaiiaeoe, ui iiioeyoe?y /anoie a c??aiyii? c ii/aoeii i?ioeano c?inoa?
ia aeaa ii?yaeeo, ?ici?? /anoie ciaioo?oueny a 5 - 6 ?ac?a. Oea
na?ae/eoue, ui a oiae? i?ioeano ?aea o?i?/ia aeenia?aaoe?y ? ooai?aiiy
/anoie CaCO3 ?aea ia o?eueee ca ?aooiie ne??cue-?ic/eiiiai iaoai?cio, a
? ca ?aooiie oiiio?i?/iiai iaoai?cio, yeee, i/aaeaeii, i?aaaeth?.
E?iaoeea i?ioeano e?i?oo?oueny oaeaee?noth i?aeaiaeo ?aaaaioo CO32- aei
ciie ?aaeoe??. Oea aeiaaee, iai?eeeaae, oae? aenia?eiaioe, i?iaaaeaiiy
i?ioeano c caeoeii Na2CO3 aai (NH4)2CO3 i?e 283 E iieacaei, ui eiinoaioa
K1 c?inoa? a?ae 4.1* 10-3 aei 1.5 * 10-2 [n-], a i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioeano
i?e oeo aea oiiaao a ?aaeoi?? c ii?oiaaei iioieii i?eaaei aei
ciaiooaaiiy K1 a?ae 4.1* 10-3 aei 3.2 * 10-3 [n-]. E??i oiai
anoaiiaeaii, ui na?aaei?e /an ia?aaoaaiiy ?aaeoe?eii? iane a ?aaeoi??
iiaiiai ci?ooaaiiy, yeee iaiao?aeiee aeey aeinyaiaiiy nooiaith
ia?aoai?aiiy ??aiiio iaeeieoe?, neeaaea? ~ 12 - 15 oa., a oeae aea /an a
?aaeoi?? c ii?oiaaei iioieii - 30 - 35 oa.
Aeoiaey/e c oeueiai, a oaeiae a?aoiaoth/e ?acoeueoaoe ?icae?eo 3.1. aoea
cai?iiiiiaaia iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue i?ioeano, eio?a iieno? aeeooc?th
?ii?a CO32- aei ciie iane/aiith ?iiaie Ca2+ (oea ? oaeiae iiaa?oiy
/anoie Ca(OH)2), noi?iaiaeaeoaaio o?i?/iith aca?iiae??th. Iiaeaeue aea?
ioe?ieo aieeao a?aenoai? i?ae ciiith iane/aiiai Ca2+ ? ?iiaie CO32- ?
oaeaeeino? aeeooc?? ?ii?a CO32- ia i?ioean ooai?aiiy CaCO3.
Aeey noai aea/a?ieo ?aaeoe?e, ui iieeaaeai? a iniiao i?ioeano eiiaa?n??
aeeoa?aioe?eia ??aiyiiy iaoa??aeueiiai aaeaino ia? aeae:
wmetafile8? ?? ???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
AA???&??yyyy?????Ayyy±yyy???q?????&??MathType????
???u?????????"????-?????O???d???*???c
???u?th??????wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A`???&??yyyy?????Ayyy±yyy ??q?????&??MathType????
???u?????????"????-?????ss???w???e???‚
???u?th??????E?aeia? oiiae:
A = Ai; wmetafile8? ??#???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
? ???&??yyyy?????Ayyycyyy`??c?????&??MathType??°?
???u?????????"????-????? @???? $???u?th??????A = 0; B =
Bs , i?e X = 0
wmetafile8? ??#???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@ ???&??yyyy?????Ayyycyyy`??a?????&??MathType????
???u?????????"????-????? @????
???u?th???????acoeueoaoeai? eiioeaio?aoe?ei? i?io?e?
a?aeiia?aeathoue aeiiaai iae?ineii?/iiai iaoa??aeueiiai aaeaino:
wmetafile8? ??X???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
a???&??yyyy?????Ayyycyyy ??A?????&??MathType???
???u?????????"????-??????p????H
????;???????u?th??????= wmetafile8? ??e???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
? ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy1/4yyy`???????&??MathType??
???u?????????"????-?????1/4
???1/4i???1/4y???1/4a???u?th??????I?eaaaeaiiy ??aiyiue
aei aaci??iiai aeaeo ? ??oaiiy ?o iaoiaeii e?ioeaaeo ??cieoeue
aeicaieeee aeyaeoe a aac?ici??i?e oi?i? oaeoi? (i?enei?aiiy):
wmetafile8? ??$???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????A
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy±yyy`??q?????&??MathType????
???u?????????"????-?????????>???u?th??????Oeae oaeoi? ?
i??ith oaeaeeino? aeeooc?? CO32- a caeaaeiino? a?ae a?aeaeae? aei ciie
?aaeoe??. Aeey aeiyoeo, eiee a nenoai? a?aenooi? oaa?ae? /anoee b = bi.
Oaeoi? bi ?ic?aoiao?oueny a?aeiia?aeii ??aiyiith:
bi = 1 + (DB/DA)*Bs/nAi;
Aeey aeiyoeo, eiee nenoaia neeaaeia, oiaoi ?aaeoe?? i?io?eathoue
iaeii/anii ii o?ueii iai?yieai, oaeoi? ?ic?aoiao?oueny ii ??aiyiith:
wmetafile8? ??????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
?@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy1/4yyy????????&??MathType??`
???u?????????"????-?????????w???TH„???Aµ
???u?? ???????"????-????Eµ???Lue???-?????L
???E?b???E?b???E?dp - ?ici?? /anoie.
Aeey neeaaeii? nenoaie nooi?iue ia?aoai?aiiy eiiiiiaio?a a CaCO3 a
caeaaeiino? a?ae q aecia/a?oueny a?aeiioaiiyi [bx/K]/ym aai Bi/ym. Ooo
Bi - e?eoa??e A?I, y - aac?ici??ia iaaaioaaeaiiy ii oaa?aeiio iaoa??aeo.
y = W*/W, aea W* - a?aie/ia iaaaioaaeaiiy ii B, W - ?ici??ia
iaaaioaaeaiiy ii B.
Aeei?enoiaoth/e oeth iiaeaeue aeey nenoaie oeai aeenoeeyoe??-?ic/ei
Na2CO3 ? (NH4)2CO3 aoee ?ic?aoiaai? ? iiaoaeiaai? oai?aoe/i? e?ea?
caeaaeiino? bx = b/bi a?ae aac?ici??iiai /ano q i?e ??cieo cia/aiiyo ym
= 0.2 * h - 20%. E?eoa??e Bi i?e oeueiio iaa cia/aiiy 25, 50, 60, 100,
500. E?ea? iathoue aecaiioaaoee oa?aeoa? c iaeneioiii bx i?e q
aeecueeiio aei 0.8. Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioeano i?e aeua
aeacaieo ia?aiao?ao iieacaei, ui a?ao?e caeaaeiino? bx a?ae q a
ae?aiacii? iaaaioaaeaiue a?ae 0 aei 0.25% ? iaeaea i?yia e?i?y, bx
ci?ith?oueny a?ae 2 aei 38.4, ?icoiaeaeaiiy c ?ic?aooieiaeie cia/aiiyie
bx neeaaea? ~ 10.3%. I?e ca?eueoai? iaaaioaaeaiiy ii oaa?aeiio
iaoa??aeo a?ae 0.25 aei 0.4% bx c?inoa? aei iaeneioio, i?e yeiio bx ~
45.8. ?icoiaeaeaiiy c ?ic?aooieiaei cia/aiiyi bx neeaaea? 15.8%.
Iiaeaeueoa i?aeaeuaiiy iaaaioaaeaiiy ii oaa?aeiio ?aaaaioo a?ae 0.4 aei
1.2% i?eaiaeeoue aei ??ceiai ciaioaiiy cia/aiiy bx. Ii a?aeiioaiith aei
iaeneiaeueiiai cia/aiith aiii ciaioo?oueny a 6 - 8 ?ac (bx ” 5.7 -
7.5). I?e iaaaioaaeaii? ii oaa?aeiio ?aaaaioo 20% (y ” 0.16 ?0.8)
cia/aiiy bx cieaeo?oueny aei 1.45 - 1.9. ?ica?aei?noue i?ae
?ic?aooieiaei cia/aiiyi bx ? aenia?eiaioaeueiei neeaaea? ~ 5%.
Oaeei /eiii, iiaeaeue aeia?a ai?ieneio? aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeai?, ui
na?ae/?oue i?i ?? aaeaeaaoi?noue. Aiae?c aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo c
aeei?enoaiiyi iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? aeicaieea oaeiae aeyaeoe aeineoue
neeaaeio caeaaei?noue bx a?ae a?aeiioaiiy DB/DA. A aeiaaeeo, eiee DA >
DB, bx iiiioiiii c?inoa? c c?inoaiiyi q*o (ii/aoeiaee ia??iae) aeoaea
ei?ioeee ? eiiiiiaio B ia i?aeoaci?e iiaa?oi? oaeaeei ae/a?io?oueny.
A?aooaaiiy e?ioeaaeo cia/aiue ciai?oiueiai iii?o a aeaiiio aeiaaeeo ia
ia? nooo?aiai cia/aiiy. A ?ac?, eiee DB > DA aeeooc?y eiiiiiaioo B
i?ioiaeeoue oaeaeei ? o?iio ?aaeoe?? i?aeaea?aeo?oueny aeecueei iiaa?oi?
/anoie. Oaeoi? bx aeinyaa? iaeneiaeueieo cia/aiue, a iio?i ??cei
ciaioo?oueny, yeui eiiaa?n?y eiiiiiaioa cia/ia ? iaia? nooo?ai?
i?aeieoee eiiiiiaioo CO32-. Ia niaaeath/eo ae?eyieao e?eaeo bx i?ioean
ianiia?aaea/? ? o?ce/ia aani?aoe?y eiiiiiaioa A[CO32-]. Eiee ae DB = DA
bx c?inoa? c c?inoaiiyi q* aeinyaath/e aneiioioe/ieo cia/aiue
a?aeiia?aeii ni?aa?aeiioaiith ( 1+ Noa/CO32-), ye ui q* aeinoaoiuei
cia/ia. Aeua a?aei?/aie ?ica?aeiino? i?ae ?ic?aooieaie ii iiaeae? ?
aenia?eiaioii oe?eeii i?eionoei? i?e aeine?aeaeai? oaeeo neeaaeieo
nenoai. Oe? ?ica?aeiino? iiaeooue aooe ua cia/i?oa, ye ui ?aaeoi? aeey
i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioeano aoaea a cia/iiio nooiai? a?ae??ciyoueny a?ae
?aaeoi?o iiaiiai ci?ooaaiiy. Oea caeiiii??ii oiio, ui a iniiao
iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? iieeaaeaii ??aiii??iee ?iciiae?e eiiiiiaio?a A ? B
ii ia’?io ?aaeoi?a.
O *AOAA?O?E AEAA? i?eaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ia aeine?aeii-i?iieneia?e onoaiiaoe? ui aei i?ioeano
eiiaa?n??, a oaeiae ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue o?ceei-o?i?/ieo
aeanoeainoae oeaio oa eiai no?oeoo?ii? a’yceino?.
Iniiaieie caeiaooeaie oeueiai ?icae?eo ? aea?? oeio ?aaeoi?o ?
aecia/aiiy oiia ianooaaiiai ia?aoiaeo a?ae noaiaeiai? onoaiiaee aei
aeine?aeii-i?iieneiai?; noai?aiiy o?i?ei-oaoiieia?/ii? noaie i?ioeano,
ae?iaeaiiy i?e aenieoaoaoe?? oe??? noaie iai?ai?iaeoeoo (oeaio
eiiaa?n??) ? aea/aiiy eiai aeanoeainoae.
I?e aeai?? ?aaeoi?a aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy iathoue oiiae ianooaaiiai
ia?aoiaeo a?ae noaiaeiai? onoaiiaee aei i?iieneiai?. I?e aeai??
i?iieneiaiai ?aaeoi?a aoa iaeaeaiee oaeee oei ?aaeoi?a, ui ae?iaeythny
i?iieneia?noth, ui yaeyany iaeaea oi/iei aaiiao?e/iei iiae?ai?noth
aenia?eiaioaeueiiio. O oeueiio ?ac? o?aaa aoei aeyaeoe aeey aea?aiiai
?aaeoi?o, /e iiaeia iiaeaethaaoe i?ioean ii ia?aiao?o aaiaeeii? ieoiii?
iiooaeiino?, a oaeiae aeyaeoe cia/aiiy Nmin (i?i?iaeueia oaeaee?noue
iaa?o?a i?oaeee), caaania/oth/a iiaia ci?ooaaiiy.
A ?iaio? aeieacaii, ui aeey aeine?aeaeo?ieo oiia ii ia?aiao?o ieoiii?
iiooaeiino? iiaeaethaaoe i?ioean ia iiaeeeai oiio, ui ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
P/V ” DM-0.13 , aea P – aaiaeeia iiooaei?noue, Ao, V – ia’?i noniaic??,
i3, DM – ae?aiao? i?oaeee, i. Oiaoi i?e ca?eueoai? V ciaioo?oueny P, a
oea ia eia?/ii. Oiio i?e iino?eieo o?ce/ieo aeanoeainoyo ?aaeoe?eiiai
ina?aaeeo ? aaiiao?e/iiio iiae?ai?noth ?aaeoi?o aoei aeaaaeaia ??aiyiiy
ui aei ianooaaiiai ia?aoiaeo:
wmetafile8? ??E???????????
???????????yyy????.????1??????????????`
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy¬yyy ??¬?????&??MathType????
???u?????????”????-??????@?????¬????????I???u?
th??????A aeey oeueiai iio??aia cia/aiiy Nmin. Aeey aeine?aeaeo?ieo
ina?aaee?a ia aoei ciaeaeaia a e?oa?aoo?? ??aiyiue aeey aecia/aiiy Nmin.
A ?iaio? c aeei?enoaiiyi noaiaeiaiai ? i?iieneiaiai ?aaeoi?o aoei
aeeiiaii a?ey 150 aenia?eiaio?a ii aeyaeaiith caeaaeiino? Nmin a?ae Re,
Ar, a oaeiae ianiai? aeie? oaa?aeiai Rb ina?aaeeo. I?ney noaoenoe/ii?
ia?iaee ?acoeueoao?a aoei caeiaooa ??aiyiiy:
wmetafile8? ??????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
?@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy¬yyy???¬?????&??MathType????
???u?????????”????-??????????n ???u0thY?????Aeey
aeine?aeaeo?iiai ina?aaeeo a ” 1, a n ” 0.7 ? 0.8.
A ?acoeueoao? aoei ?ic?aoiaaii, ui aeey i?iieneiaiai ?aaeoi?o ia’?iii 44
i3 oaeaee?noue iaa?o?a i?oaeie iiaeiia aooe 2.2 ia/n.
Aeae? ia iniia? ?aaeoi?o aoea noai?aia ?aaeoi?ia nenoaia aeey ae?iaeaiiy
oeaio eiiaa?n??. Aiia aeeth/aea iniiai? aia?aoe: ?aaeoi?-eiiaa?n?? ?
?aii? o?eueo?e c iiaa?oiath o?eueo?oaaiiy 500 i2. I?e aenieoaoaoe??
?aaeoi?ii? nenoaie aoei ae?iaeaii e?eueea aeanyoe?a oii oeaio eiiaa?n??,
aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy o?i?/iiai neeaaeo ? eiai iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae. C
aeei?enoaiiyi noaoenoeee aoei aeiaaaeaii, ui oeai i?ney eiiaa?n?? aac
aeiaeaoeiai? i?iieaee ia o?eueo?ao ia? neeaae ii iniiai?i eiiiiiaioai (a
ia?a?aooieo ia nooo ?a/iaeio) % ian: CaCO3 – 90.5; CaCl2 – 0.8; CaSO4 –
1.5; Ca(OH)2 – 0; NaCO3 – 0.5; ?ici?? /anoie – 15-20 iei. (C?acie A).
I?ney i?iieaee ia o?eueo?ao aiaeith c?acea A caeiaooee neeaae % ian:
CaCO3 – 95.5; CaCl2 – 0.01; CaSO4 – 0.2; NaCO3 – 0.25; ?ici?? /anoie –
20-30 iei. (C?acie A). Aoa caeiaooee oaeiae c?acie N i?e oiiaao, eiee a
?aaeoi? eiiaa?n?? e??i o?aaeeoe?eieo eiiiiiaio?a iiaeaaaeinue noniaic?y
c a?aeoiae?a aan?iiy aaiia, ye? ia?aae/anii aoee iieio? c aeenoeea?iith
??aeeiith. A?aeiia?aeii neeaae c?acea N, % ian: CaCO3 – 91.8; CaCl2 –
ne?aee; CaSO4 – 0.45; NaCO3 – 0.18; eien – 2.5; ?ici?? /anoie – 40-50
iei.
Aieiaiai?no?noue c?ace?a oeaio aoea a ?ioa?aae? 85 – 100, a
?ico?ea?i?noue ii iaoiaeo Neooa?aea neeaaeaea 75 – 100 ii. Caeiaoo?
iieacieee a?aeiia?aeathoue aeiiaai aei o?i?/iiai neeaaeo, ye?
noaaeyoueny aei ea?aiiaoii? ne?iaeie i?e ae?iaeai? oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o.
Aeae? aeey aeyaeaiiy iiaeeeainoae o?ainii?oo oeaio eiiaa?n?? c?ace?a A,
A, N c aeei?enoaiiyi oeaiiaeo ianin?a, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny ia
oeaiaioiiio ae?iaieoeoa?, aoei aeine?aeaeaii no?oeoo?io a’yce?noue oeaio
h a?ae a?aae??ioo oaeaeeino? oa/?? DW i?e iai?oaeaii? cnoao t ? ??ci?e
aieiaii?noino? U. Aoei aeiaaaeaii, ui oeai a?aeiineoueny aei ia
iuethoii?anueeeo ??aeei ? ia e?ea?e caeaaeiino? h a?ae DW aeey an?o
c?ace?a A, A, N iiaeia aeae?eeoe /ioe?e iaeano?:
– Ia?oa – ??cea ciaioaiiy no?oeoo?ii? a’yceino? (DW ® 100 ?500 n-1; h ®
1000 ? 200 Iin/i2), ui iia’ycaii c ?oeioaaiiyi neaeaoo no?oeoo?e oeaio ?
ii/aoeii i???ioaoe?? oaa?aeeo /anoie o iai?yieo iioieo i?e aieeaii
coneeue cnoao;
– Ae?oaa – DW c?inoa? a?ae 500 aei 900 n-1, a h ciaioo?oueny aei 150
Iin/i2 ;
– O?aoy – DW c?inoa? a?ae 900 aei 1500 n-1, h ciaioo?oueny aei 135
Iin/i2 ;
– *aoaa?oa – DW a?eueoa 1500 n-1, h – const.
E??i oeueiai, aoee caeiaoo? aeai? caeaaeiino? h a?ae eiioeaio?aoe??
oaa?aei? oace, oiaoi a?ae U i?e DW – const. Oey caeaaei?noue iieno?oueny
??aiyiiyi:
wmetafile8? ??u???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????`@
???&??yyyy?????Ayyycyyy????????&??MathType??a?
???u?????????”????-????? @???? a???uothe?????Cia/aiiy
eiao?oe??ioo K(DW) i?e ci?iai? DW a?ae 176 aei 1258 n-1 ? U = 128 %
ci?ith?oueny a?ae 1.05 aei 0.025. hn? aeey aeine?aeaeo?ieo oiia neeaaea?
(-2.3). Ii ?acoeueoaoai aeine?aeaeaiue aoa c?iaeaiee aeniiaie, ui oeai
eiiaa?n?? c aieiaiai?no?noth 100 – 110 % iiaea c aeiiiiiaith oeaiiaiai
ianino ia?aea/oaaoenue ii o?oaii?iaiaeai.
Oaeei /eiii, i?ioean eiiaa?n?? aeicaiey? ia?a?iaeyoe oeai aeenoeeyoe??
ia ye?nio ea?aiiaoio ne?iaeio, yea a?aeiia?aea? aeiiaai ae?iaieoeoaa
oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o.
O I’ssO?E AEAA? i?eaaaeaii aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioeano ee?iea?iooai?aiiy ia
noaiaeiaeo onoaiiaeao, a oaeiae o i?iieneiaeo iaa?oiaeo i?/ao ?ici??ii
3.6 o 127.5 i.
I?e aeine?aeaeaiiyo eiiiiiaioe oeooe aeae?aeenue o ni?aa?aeiioaiiyo, ye?
caaacia/oaaee ae?iaeaiiy ee?iea??a c eiao?oe??ioii ianeiaiiy EI = 0.86;
0.9 ? 0.92 i?e iino?eieo cia/aiiyo iiaeoe?a n = 2.5 ? P = 1.5. A yeino?
ea?aiiaoii? ne?iaeie aei neeaaeo oeooe iine?aeiaii aaiaeeeenue
o?aaeeoe?eia ne?iaeia, a oaeiae oeai eiiaa?n?? (c?acee A, A, N).
I?e aeine?aeaeaiiyo aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e aeei?enoaii? oeaio
eiiaa?n?? o?ceei-o?i?/i? i?ioeane ia?aoai?aiiy a oeoo? i?io?eathoue
?ioaineai?oa ? i?e cia/ii ieae/eo oaiia?aoo?ao. Oae nooiaiue
ia?aoai?aiiy CaCO3 a CaO aeinyaa? 95 – 98 % i?e O = 1193 – 1300 E, a i?e
aeei?enoaii? o?aaeeoe?eii? ea?aiiaoii? ne?iaeie i?e 1383 – 1393 E. Ne?ae
a?aei?oeoe, ui i?e iaa??aaii? oeooe c yei? ae?iaeythoue ae?i?oiaee
ee?iea? (iecueeioaiia?aoo?ia oaoiieia?y c aeei?enoaiiyi ieaao CaCl2 )
iiaia aeenioe?aoe?y CaCO3 i?ioiaeeoue i?e 1283 E. I/aaeaeii, ui
aeei?enoaiiy oeaio eiiaa?n?? a oeoo? i?eaiaeeoue aei ?ioaineo?eaoe??
aeenioe?aoe?? CaCO3 iaa?oue a c??aiyii? c oe??th oaoiieia??th. I?e
aeine?aeaeaiiyo oeoo A, A, N aoa anoaiiaeaiee oaeiae ia iaio cia/iee
aoaeo. ?aioaaiino?oeoo?ieie aeine?aeaeaiiyie aoei iieacaii, ui
ooai?thaaia a ?acoeueoao? aeenioe?aoe?? CaO caa?aaeo? ii/aoeiao
no?oeoo?o eaeueoeeoo. Iniaeeai oea oa?aeoa?ii aeey oeooe c c?aceii oeaio
A. E??i oeueiai, oeooe iaee aeineoue aenieo ii?oaao?noue, c ?ici??ii ii?
0.14 – 1.8 iei. No?oeoo?a CaO ooai?th? i?ea?iaeueiee no?oeoo?iee iioea c
eaeueoe??aeo iie?aae??a c ci?oaieie iinoeeiaeie ai?iiaie eenith oa
oei?o, ui caaacia/o? oi?ioaaiiy ia??aiiaaaeieo ca’yce?a eao?ii?a.
Iiaeaeueoa oea i?eaiaeeoue aei ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy, oiaoi
ooai?aiiy nee?eao?a eaeueoe?th, aethi?iaoieo ? cae?cenoeo c’?aeiaiue.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e 1473 E a ?aaeoe?ei?e ian? iiai?noth cieeathoue
aeeo?aeoe?ei? iaeneioie oa?aeoa?i? aeey CaO ? caaa?oo?oueny i?ioean
ooai?aiiy ee?iea?o, a aeey oeooe c c?aceii oeaio N aeacaia oaiia?aoo?a
neeaaea? 1433 E. I/aaeaeii, ui oe? oaiia?aoo?e cia/ii ieae/a i?ioe oeo
ui niinoa??aathoueny i?e aeei?enoaii? o?aaeeoe?eii? ea?aiiaoii? ne?iaeie
– 1533 1593 E. A?eueo ?ioaineaia i?io?eaiiy i?ioeano c aeei?enoaiiyi
oeooe c c?aceii oeaio N iia’ycaia c aaaaeaiiyi a ciio
ee?iea?iooai?thaaiiy eieno, yeee aoiaeeoue a neeaae oeaio.
Caeiaoo? ee?iea?i? iaoa??aee iaee oiieica?ienoo no?oeoo?o c yne?aai
ae?aaeaiith aa?aaaoeai?noth. Aa?aaaoe neeaaeai? iaeii/anii ae?oii ?
aae?oii, i?ee? e?enoaee yeeo iie?eo? noaeeioacith. Noaeeioaco ooai?th?
aethi?iaoia oa cae?cenoa neeaaeia?, e?euee?noue yeeo 10 – 20 %. I?ecie
ae?oa /anoi ooai?ththoue aieieieno? no?oeoo?e aeiaaeeiith aei 10 – 20
iei, na?aaei?e ?ici?? e?enoae?a 2 – 5 iei. Anoaiiaeaii, ui ee?iea?i?
iaoa??aee iathoue e?auo ?iciaeuei?noue a 1.3 ? 1.5 ?ac?a, aieiae?thoue
ca?eueoaieie oaieiaeae?eaiiyi oa ?ioa, ui iiynith?oueny cia/ii a?eueoith
eiioeaio?aoe??th aeaoaeo?a no?oeoo?e. Oae cai??e eiioeaio?aoe??
ia?aiaai?oieo oeaio??a ia aeaoaeoao e?enoae?a caeiaooeo ee?iea?ieo
iaoa??ae?a neeaaea?: oeaiaio caeiaooee ii o?aaeeoe?ei?e oaoiieia?? N =
2.4*10-21 ni?i/ea; oeaiaio caeiaooee c aeei?enoaiiyi oeaio eiiaa?n?? N =
(3.9 ?4.1)*10-21 ni?i/ea.
?acoeueoaoe caeiaoo? ia noaiaeia?e onoaiiaoe? aoee iiai?noth
i?aeoaa?aeaeai? i?e i?iaaaeaii? i?ioeano neioaco ee?iea?a a i?iieneia?e
oeaiaioi?e ia/? ?ici??ii 3.6 o 127.5 i. A aeena?oaoe?? i?eaaaeai?
aeaoaeuei? ii??aiyeuei? aeai? ?nieoo i?ioean?a c aeei?enoaiiyi
o?aaeeoe?eii? ? iiai? oeoo. Ooo i?eaaaeai? iaea?eueo aaaeeea? iieacieee.
I?iaeoeoeai?noue ia/ae i?e o?aaeeoe?eiee oeoo? – 28.9 o/aiaeeia, i?e
iia?e oeoo? – 38.5 o/ aiaeeia. A?aeiia?aeii ieoiia aeo?a/aiiy oaiea 1190
? 980 eeae/ea, a oaeiae a?aeiia?aeia oaieiaa iiooaei?noue a cii?
ni?eaiiy 1430 ? 1270 Iaeae/aiaeeia. E??i oeueiai a?aeiia?aeii ieoiia
oaieiiai?oaa a cii? ni?eaiiy neeaaea? 443 ? 296 Iaeae/aiaeeia. Oe?
iieacieee na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui cai?ia o?aaeeoe?eii? ea?aiiaoii?
ne?iaeie a ae?iaieoeoa? oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o ia oeai eiiaa?n?? ae?enii
aeicaiey? cia/ii ?ioaineo?eoaaoe i?ioean neioaco ee?iea?a. Ii??aiyeueiee
aiae?c i?ioean?a a?ae?aoaoe?? a’yaeo/eo caeiaooeo c ee?iea?o i?e neioac?
yeiai aeei?enoiaoaaeanue iiaa oeooa ? a’yaeo/eo caeiaooeo c ee?iea?o
neioaciaaiiio o?aaeeoe?eiei niiniaii aeia?a ia?aaaao ia?oeo. Ia?aaaaa
iieaciee?a a?aeiineoueny ui aei oaeaeeino? a?ae?aoaoe??, ?ioaineaiino?
aeae?eaiiy oaiea, iaae? i?oeiino? i?e noeneo oa ?ioa.
Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe oa aeniiaee
1. Ia i?aenoaa? aiae?co no/anieo oaoiieia?e ia?a?iaee oeaie
aeenoeeyoe?? ? noa? eiai aeei?enoaiiy, aeyaeai? ia?niaeoeai? iai?yiee ii
ia?a?iaoe? ? aeei?enoaii? oeaio aeenoeeyoe??;
2. Cai?iiiiiaaiee iiaee ia o?aaeeoe?eiee iaoiae ia?a?iaee oeaio
aeenoeeyoe?? – i?ioean eiiaa?n??, a iniia? yeiai iieeaaeaia ia?iaea
oeaio ?ic/eiaie, ye? o nai?io neeaae? iathoue nie? Na2CO3, NaHCO3,
(NH4)2CO3;
3. Aeine?aeaeaii i?ioean eiiaa?n?? oeaio, ?ic?iaeaia iaoaiaoe/ia
iiaeaeue i?ioeano, aeiaaaeaia aaeaeaaoi?noue iiaeae? ?aaeueiei
i?iieneiaei oiiaai;
4. Aeine?aeaeaii iaoai?/i? ? o?ceei-o?i?/i? aeanoeaino? oeaio
eiiaa?n??, aia?oa aeyaeaia caeaaei?noue no?oeoo?ii? a’yceino? oeaio a?ae
coneeue cnoao; aeiaaaeaii, ui oeai eiiaa?n?? a?aeiia?aea? an?i aeiiaai,
ye? aeniaothoueny ui aei ea?aiiaoii? ne?iaeie ae?iaieoeoaa oeaiaioiiai
ee?iea?o;
5. ?ic?iaeaia o?i?ei-oaoiieia?/ia noaia i?ioeano eiiaa?n??, ?aaeoi?
aeey eiai i?iaaaeaiiy; aeyaeai? oiiae iiaeaethaaiiy ?aaeoi?o ?
ianooaaiiai ia?aoiaeo a?ae noaiaeiaiai aei aeine?aeii-i?iieneiaiai
?aaeoi?o;
6. I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy c aeei?enoaiiy oeaio eiiaa?n?? a
ae?iaieoeoa? oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o a oiio /ene? ? a i?iieneiaeo oiiaao;
aeiaaaeaii, ui aeei?enoaiiy oeaio eiiaa?n?? a yeino? ea?aiiaoii?
ne?iaeie aeicaiey? ?ioaineo?eoaaoe i?ioean ee?iea?iooai?aiiy, cieceoe
oaiia?aoo?o neioaco ia 80 – 100 a?aaeon?a, cieceoe aeo?aoe ieoiiiai
oaiea ia ae?iaieoeoai oiie ee?iea?o ia 19 %;
7. Aoaeoeai?noue a?ae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oaoi?/ieo ??oaiue caeiaooeo a
aeena?oaoe?eiee ?iaio? a i?iieneia?noue neeaaea? 820 oen. ?in. ea?a.
Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii a ?iaioao:
1. Oeoia N.A., Oaii?aa A.I. Caueoa iioaioeeaeueii iianiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa oeaiaioiiai eeeiea?a n eniieueciaaieai a ea/anoaa
ea?aiiaoiiai nu?uey oeaia aeenoeeeyoeee. // Oac. aeiee. iao/i.- i?aeo.
eiio. “Aaciianiinoue i?eiaiaiey iai?oaeiaaiey iioaioeeaeueii iianiuo
i?iecaiaenoa”, Iineaa, 1966 a.
2. Oeoia N.A., Oaii?aa A.I. Iieo/aiea aieeanoiieoa ec aeenoeeea?iie
noniaicee niaeiaiai i?iecaiaenoaa. // “Yeieiaey oeie/aneie oaoieee e
aeioaoiieiaee”. Na. iao/i. o?oaeia eao. OOIY, Oa?ueeianeee
ainoaea?noaaiiue iieeoaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao, o2. “Yeieiaey e
?ano?ninaa?aaeaiea” – Oa?ueeia, 1997 a., n. 44-46.
3. Oaii?aa A.I., Oeoia N.A. Iiaeaioiaea oeaia aeenoeeeyoeee e
eniieueciaaieth a i?iecaiaenoaa oeaiaioiiai eeeiea?a. // Oai aea n 60 –
68
4. Oeoia N.A., Oaii?aa A.I. Ieieiaeueiua nei?inoe ia?aiaoeaaiey aeey
iieiiai aeenia?ae?iaaiey nenoaiu aeeaeeinoue – oaa?aeia. // Aanoiee
Oa?ueeianeiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai iieeoaoie/aneiai oieaa?neoaoa, Aui. 14,
OAIO, 1998 a.
AIIOAOe??:
Oeoia N. A. Aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ?ic?iaea i?ioeano eiiaa?n?? oeaio
aeenoeeyoe?? o ae?iaieoeoa? eaeueoeeiiaaii? niaee c iaoith ae?iaeyiiy
ea?aiiaoii? ne?iaeie aeey neioaco oeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
c? niaoe?aeueiino? 05.05. 13 – Iaoeie ? aia?aoe o?i?/ieo ae?iaieoeoa.
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao, Oa?e?a 1998 a.
Caoeua?oueny ?oeiien, ui i?noeoue ?ic?iaeo i?ioeano, oaoiieia?? ?
aia?aoo?iiai ioi?ieaiiy iaoiaeo ia?a?iaee oeaio aeenoeeyoe?? niaeiaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa ia ye?nio ea?aiiaoio ne?iaeio aeey neioaco oeaiaioiiai
ee?iea?o.
Cai?iiiiiaaiee iaoiae ia?a?iaee, aeine?aeaeai? caeiiii??iino? i?ioean?a,
ui iieeaaeai? a iniiao iaoiaeo, noai?ai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae?. Ia iniia?
aeine?aeaeaiue ?ic?iaeaia aia?aoo?ii-oaoiieia?/ia noaia i?ioeano.
Aeine?aeaeai? aeanoeaino? oeaio eiiaa?n??, aeiaaaeaia aoaeoeai?noue eiai
aeei?enoaiiy a ae?iaieoeoa? oeaiaioo.
?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ai?iaaaeaeai? a i?iieneiao i?aeoeeo ia AI “Niaea” i.
Noa?e?oaiae c aeiiii?/iei aoaeoii 820 oen. ?in. ea?a.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: oeai aeenoeeyoe??, i?ioean eiiaa?n??, oeai eiiaa?n??,
e?iaoeea, iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue, ee?iea?, aeanoeaino?.
Oeoia N. A. Enneaaeiaaiea e ?ac?aaioea i?ioeanna eiiaa?nee oeaia
aeenoeeeyoeee a i?iecaiaenoaa eaeueoeeie?iaaiiie niaeu n oeaeueth
iieo/aiey ea?aiiaoiiai nu?uey aeey neioaca oeaiaioiiai eeeiea?a.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.05.13 – Iaoeiu e aiia?aou oeie/aneeo i?iecaiaenoa.
Oa?ueeianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue iieeoaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao, Oa?ueeia 1998
a.
Caueuaaony ?oeiienue, eioi?ay niaea?aeeo ?ac?aaioeo i?ioeanna ,
oaoiieiaee e aiia?aoo?iiai ioi?ieaiey iaoiaea ia?a?aaioee oeaia
aeenoeeeyoeee niaeiaiai i?iecaiaenoaa ia ea/anoaaiiia nu?uea aeey
neioaca oeaiaioiiai eeeiea?a.
I?aaeeiaeai iaoiae ia?a?aaioee, enneaaeiaaiu caeiiiia?iinoe i?ioeannia,
eioi?ua iieiaeaiu a iniiao iaoiaea, nicaeaiu iaoaiaoe/aneea iiaeaee. Ia
iniiaaiee enneaaeiaaiee ?ac?aaioaia aiia?aoo?ii-oaoiieiae/aneay noaia
i?ioeanna. Enneaaeiaaiu naienoaa oeaia eiiaa?nee, aeieacaia
yooaeoeaiinoue aai eniieueciaaiey a i?iecaiaenoaa oeaiaioa.
?acoeueoaou ?aaiou aiaae?aiu a i?iiuoeaiioth i?aeoeeo ia AI “Niaea” a.
Noa?eeoaiae n yeiiiie/aneei yooaeoii 820 oun. ?in. ?oae.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: oeai aeenoeeeyoeee, i?ioeann eiiaa?nee, oeai eiiaa?nee,
eeiaoeea, iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue, eeeiea?, naienoaa.
Titov N. A. Researching and developing conversion process of
distillation sludge in production of soda ash for receipting carbonate
row materials to synthesize cement clinker.
Thesis for a doctor’s degree in specialty 05.05.13 – Machine and
apparatus of chemical production.
The Kharkov state polytechnic university, Kharkov of 1998.
The defended thesis contains development of technological process and
implementation of a method to processing distillation sludge of soda
production to qualitative raw materials for synthesizing cement clinker.
The author has proposed the method of processing, elaborated basic
mechanisms of processes and created mathematical models. On the basis of
such studies it was assumed apparatus technological circuits for this
process. Properties of conversion sludge have been thoroughly
investigated; it was proved effectiveness of its using in cement
production.
Results of work have been phased in Sterlitamac JSC “Niaea” with an
economic effect 820 thousand ruble.
Key word: distillation sludge, conversion process, conversion sludge,
kinetics, mathematical model, clinker, properties.
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