.

Екологія популяцій гризунів західного регіону України: Автореф. дис…д-ра біол. наук / М.П. Рудишин, Дніпропетр. держ. ун-т. — Д., 1998. — 42 с. — ук

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AeIII?IIAO?IANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OIIAA?NEOAO

Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno

?OAeEOEI IEOAEEI IAO?IAE*

OAeE 591.5±599.32(477.8)

AEIEIAIss IIIOEssOeIE A?ECOIIA

CAOIAeIIAI ?AAIIIO OE?A?IE

03.00.16 – AEIEIAIss

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a a?ieia?/ieo iaoe

AeIII?IIAO?IANUeE – 1998

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia o a?aeae?e? iiioeyoe?eii? aeieia?? Iinoeoooo aeieia??
Ea?iao IAI Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio c ieoaiue iiioeyoe?eii? aeieia??:

Aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, caa. eaoaae?e ciieia?? Euea?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. ?. O?aiea, a. i. caa. a?aeae?eo
iiioeyoe?eii? aeieia?? ?inoeoooo aeieia?? Ea?iao IAI Oe?a?ie (i. Euea?a)
OeA?EE Eineo Aieiaeeie?iae/

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

Aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, caa. eaoaae?e aeieia?? ?
?aoe?iiaeueiiai i?e?iaeiei?enooaaiiy N?ioa?iiieuenueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo (i. N?ioa?iiieue) AIINOIEIA Eaii?ae Aai?a?eiae/

Aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, caa. eaoaae?e ciieia??
Oaeai?iaenueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo (i.Oaeai?iae)
E?I*EI THe?e ?aaiiae/

Aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, caa. a?aeae?eo aaiethoe?eii?
ii?oieia?? ?inoeoooo ciieia?? IAI Oe?a?ie (i.Ee?a) EIAOOI Ieoaeei
Oio?eiae/

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee e?nioaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao
(i. Euea?a)

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “___” __________ 1998 ?. i ___ aiae.
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 08.051.04 ii
i?enoaeaeaiith iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a a?ieia?/ieo iaoe a
Aei?i?iiao?ianueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 320625,
INI, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, i?iaoeie Iaoeiaee, 13, ei?ion 17,
aeieiai-a?ieia?/iee oaeoeueoao, aoae. 611.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Aei?i?iiao?ianueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “___” __________ 1998 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii?

a/aii? ?aaee, eaiaeeaeao a?ieia?/ieo

iaoe, aeioeaio A.I.AeOAEIA

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Iaei??th c iaeaaaeeea?oeo i?iaeai no/anii? aeieia?? ? aea/aiiy
no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueii? i?aai?caoe?? aeinenoai oa iiioeyoe?e.
Cia/aiiy oe??? i?iaeaie iieyaa? a oiio, ui iiioeyoe?? ? aeaiaioa?ieie
iaeeieoeyie aaiethoe??, ia’?eoaie oi?aae?iiy oa ioi?iie ? eiiiiiaioaie
aeinenoai.

Niaoe?aeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueii? i?aai?caoe??
iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a ia oa?eoi??? cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie ia
i?iaiaeeeinue. A e?oa?aoo?? ciaoiaeeii eeoa o?ea/ano? aeai? i?i
no?oeoo?o iiioeyoe?e aeayeeo aeae?a (Oo?yiei,1972; Oaoa?eiia,1973;
Ieeyanueeee, 1969 oa ?i.). Aeaye? a?aeiiino? i?i no?oeoo?o iiioeyoe??
iiaeao?e ciaoiaeeii a ?iaio? A.I.Aoeay (1995), iaeiae o i?e a?aenooi?
ooieoe?iiaeuei? oa?aeoa?enoeee ?, e??i oiai, oe? aeai? oi?eathoueny
oa?eoi??? aanaeio I?aaeaiiiai Aoao. A i?ea?iaeuei?e oai?aoe/i?e i?aoe?
I.A.?iaeueyiiaa (1995) oa?aeoa?enoeee iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a ?c no?aeieo oa
i?aaeaiieo ?aa?ii?a Oe?a?ie aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e aiae?c? aeinenoaiiiai
??aiy i?aai?caoe?? a?ioe/ieo nenoai. Cie?aia, aeacaiee aaoi? ?icaeyaea?
i?eioeeie no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueii? i?aai?caoe?? e aaiethoe??
aeinenoai.

Oaeei /eiii, niaoe?aeuei? iiiia?ao?/i? ?iaioe c aeieia?? iiioeyoe?e
a?ecoi?a cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie a?aenooi?.

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. A?ecoie ca aeaeiaei neeaaeii ? ??ciiiai?oi?noth,
/enaeuei?noth caeiathoue ia?oa i?noea na?aae nnaaoe?a ??cieo
a?iaaioeaiic?a aeine?aeaeoaaii? oa?eoi???. Na?aae ieo ? ??aee?ni?,
ei?eni? ieneeanueei-i?iieneia?, a oaeiae iania? aeaee, ye?
ni?e/eiththoue cia/i? caeoee n?euenueeiio, e?niaiio ? eiioiaeueiiio
ainiiaea?noaai. E??i oiai, a?ecoie caeiathoue iii?oia i?noea o
o?ainoi?iaoe?? ?a/iaei oa iioieao aia?a?? a aeinenoaiao, iathoue aaeeea
ai?ciioieia?/ia e ai?aeai?ieia?/ia cia/aiiy, ? ei?iii aeey oeaeeo ioao?a
oa nnaaoe?a. O ca’yceo c oeei i?aaenoaaieee oaa?ei aeaiiai ?yaeo
yaaaeaee aoee ? i?iaeiaaeothoue aooe a oeaio?? oaaae aaaaoueio
aeine?aeiee?a. Iniaeeaa cia/aiiy iaaoaa? aea/aiiy a?ecoi?a a inoaii?
?iee, eiee aio?iiiaaii? /eiieee ia aeinenoaie aanue /an
iineeththoueny,ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei nei?i/aiiy /e ??ceiai niaaeo
/enaeueiino? iaeieo aeae?a ? ca?eueoaiiy ?ioeo, a iniiaiiio oe?aeeeaeo
eiiiiiaio?a. A?aoiaoth/e iaaaaeaia, aeoaea aaaeeeaei ? aea/aiiy a?ecoi?a
ia iiioeyoe?eiiio ??ai? i?aai?caoe?? o i?e?iaeieo e aio?iiiaaiii
ci?iaieo aeinenoaiao. I?ae oeei iaeyaeii aeoaea aea?aeiei aeey
aeine?aeaeaiiy iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a ? cao?aeiee ?aa?ii Oe?a?ie, aea c
i?aii/? ia i?aaeaiue niinoa??aa?oueny aaeeea ??ciiiai?oi?noue a?ioii?a
oaa?ei c ??cieie aeieia?/ieie oiiaaie Iie?nny, E?ninoaio, I?eea?iaooy,
Ea?iao, Caea?iaonueeiai ia?aaea??’y ? I?eoenainueei? ieciaeie. Ioaea,
ii??aiyeuei? iiioeyoe?ei? aeine?aeaeaiiy a?ecoi?a ia aeai?e oa?eoi??? ?
aaaeeeaeie ye a oai?aoe/iiio, oae ? a i?aeoe/iiio aniaeoao. Iiioeyoe?? –
aeaiaioa?i? iaeeieoe? aaiethoe??, oi?aae?iiy e ioi?iie. Aac aea/aiiy
iiioeyoe?e iaiiaeeeai oaeiae ae??oeoe i?iaeai caa?aaeaiiy a?ioe/iiai
??ciiiai?ooy ? noaeiai ?icaeoeo aeinenoai.

Iao? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?enay/ai? aea/aiith iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a, ?o
a?ioii?/iiai ?ici?uaiiy, /enaeueiino?, ii?oio?c?ieia?/ieo aaeaioaoe?e
aei a??nueeeo ? ??aieiieo oiia, a?eiai?, noaoaai? oa i?inoi?iai?
no?oeoo?e, aecia/aiith ia?aiao??a aia?aaoe/ii? ioe?iee ooieoe?iiaeueii?
?ie? iiioeyoe?e a aeinenoaiao, o/ano? a?ecoi?a o eiini?oe?yo oa ?ioeo
aeieiai-a?ieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae. Aeeeaaeai? aeua a?aoiaioaoe?? ?
i?aee?aneththoue aeooaeuei?noue oaie.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. ?iaioa
aeeiioaaeanue a iaaeao 10 ieaiiaeo athaeaeaoieo oai:

1. Aeieiai-aaia?ao?/iee aiae?c oaoie Ea?iao, I?eea?iaooy ?
Aieeinueei–Iiae?euenueeiai ieaoi (Iaoeiai-i?e?iaeiciaa/ee iocae AI O?N?,
1951-1952 ??.).

2. A?ecoie–oe?aeieee eai?a ? eoe cao?aeieo iaeanoae O?N? (Oai aea,
1953-1956 ??.).

3. Iioe?aiiy, iniaeeaino? aeieia?? ? ainiiaea?nueea cia/aiiy o?aaaoieo
oaa?ei oaoie O?N? (Oai aea, 1957-1961 ??.).

4. Aeieia?y o?aaaoieo oaa?ei aa?o?a’y aanaeio Aei?no?a (Oai aea,
1962-1965 ??.).

5. A?ieia?/ia i?iaeoeoeai?noue ? o?ainoi?iaoe?y ?a/iaei oa aia?a?? a
a?iaaioeaiicao Ea?iao ? I?eea?iaooy (Euea?anueea a?aeae?eaiiy Iinoeoooo
aioai?ee ?i.I.A.Oieiaeiiai AI O?N?, 1969-1972 ??.).

6. No?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeuei? iniaeeaino? aeinenoai cao?aeieo iaeanoae
O?N?, ?o iioei?caoe?y e ioi?iia (Oai aea, 1973-1977 ??., N
aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 75042785).

7. No?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e aaoio?ioieo ? aaoa?io?ioieo eiiiiiaio?a a
aeinenoaiao noaaeuei?enueeiai e aeuei?enueeiai iiyn?a Ea?iao (Oai aea,
1978-1982 ??., N aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 78011634).

8. Aeeiai?ea iiioeyoe?e ?ineei a /aaa?ieeiaeo ? eo/ieo a?iaaioeaiicao
Ea?iao ? I?eea?iaooy (Oai aea, 1983-1987 ??. N aea?ae?a?no?aoe??
01.83.0010452).

9. Ci?ia no?oeoo?e ? ooieoe?e iiioeyoe?e ?ineei a a?iaaioeaiicao Ea?iao
i?ae aieeaii aio?iiiaaiieo oaeoi??a (Oai aea, 1988-1992 ??. N
aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 01.91.0037102).

10. No?aoaa?y iiioeyoe?e ?ineei o i?e?iaeieo e aio?iiiaaiieo aeinenoaiao
Ea?iao oa ?? ?iaeeeaoe?eia cia/aiiy (Iinoeooo aeieia?? Ea?iao IAI
Oe?a?ie, 1993-1997 ??. N aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 01.93.U018314).

Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue. Iniiaiith iaoith ?iaioe ? aiae?c
iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a, ?o a?ioii?/iiai ?ici?uaiiy e /enaeueiino?,
iiioeyoe?eii? no?oeoo?e oa ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie? a aeinenoaiao
cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe a i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiue iaiao?aeii aoei
ae??oeoe oae? caaaeaiiy:

– Aeiiiaieoe aeieiai-nenoaiaoe/iee neeaae a?ecoi?a iiaeie aeaieie.

– Aea/eoe ii?oio?c?ieia?/i? iniaeeaino? iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a ? ?o
aaeaioaoe?e aei a??nueeeo ? ??aieiieo oiia.

– I?iaanoe aiae?c a?ioii?/iiai ?ici?uaiiy ? /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe??
a?ecoi?a o e?niaeo, /aaa?ieeiaeo, eo/ieo, iieueiaeo oeaiicao ? ianaeaieo
ioieoao, c’ynoaaoe caaaeuei? caeiiii??iino? a?ioii?/ii? i?eo?i/aiino?. –
Aea/eoe i?inoi?iao no?oeoo?o iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a noaiioiiieo, aa??oiiieo
? neiaio?iiieo aeae?a, a oaeiae aeaoe oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy
i?inoi?iai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e ye oaeoi?a i?e?iaaiethoe??.

– Aeine?aeeoe a?eiao ? noaoaao no?oeoo?o iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a
noaiioiiieo, aa??oiiieo, neiaio?iiieo ? ceiiniey/eo aeae?a, a oaeiae
c’ynoaaoe ?ieue aeeiai?ee a?eiai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e ye aaaeeeaiai
oaeoi?a i?e?iaaiethoe?eieo ia?aoai?aiue.

– ?ic?iaeoe iia? ? aeiiiaieoe ?nioth/? iaoiaee aia?aaoe/ii? ioe?iee
ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie? iiioeyoe?e a aeinenoaiao.

– Aea/eoe aeeiai?eo /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a o i?e?iaeieo e
aio?iiiaaiii ci?iaieo aeinenoaiao oa ?? caeiiii??iino?.

– ?ic?iaeoe nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae uiaei oi?aae?iiy iiioeyoe?yie oe?aeeeaeo
a?ecoi?a, ei?enieo ? ??aee?nieo aeae?a.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. A?aoiaioo?oueny oaeeie
iieiaeaiiyie:

1. Anoaiiaeaia niaoeeo?ea a?ioii?/iiai ?ici?uaiiy ? /enaeueiino?
iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a o ??cieo i?e?iaeii-aaia?ao?/ieo ciiao cao?aeiiai
?aa?iio Oe?a?ie – Iie?nny, E?ninoaio, I?eea?iaooy, Ea?iao,
Caea?iaonueeiai ia?aaea??’y ? I?eoenainueei? ieciaeie.

2. Aeaia ii?oio?c?ieia?/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea a??nueeeo ? ??aieiieo
iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a, a oaeiae anoaiiaeai? aeieia?/i? iaoai?cie
ii?oio?c?i-eia?/ieo aaeaioaoe?e iiioeyoe?e.

3. Aecia/aia i?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a noaiioiiieo,
aa??oiiieo ? neiaio?iiieo aeae?a ia iniia? ianiaeo i?/aiue oaa?ei
i?ioyaii aaaaoi??/ieo noaoe?iia?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue o ??cieo
a?iaaioeaiicao ? i?e?iaeieo ciiao.

4. Aea/ai? iniaeeaino? a?eiai? ? noaoaai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a
ceiiniey/eo, noaiioiiieo, aa??oiiieo ? neiaio?iiieo aeae?a ? ?o
aeeiai?ea.

5. ?ic?iaeai? iia? iaoiaee ? iiaoaeiaaia aaeainiaa iiaeaeue aia?aaoe/ii?
ioe?iee ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie? iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a a aeinenoaiao ia
iniia? aia?oa canoiniaaieo eaei?eiao?e/ieo ? eiiaeoeoiiao?e/ieo niinia?a
aeine?aeaeaiue aaciina?aaeiuei a i?e?iaeieo e aio?iiiaaiii ci?iaieo
oiiaao.

6. Iieacaia aeii?ioth/a ?ieue a?ecoi?a o eiini?oe?yo o ii??aiyii? c
?ioeie aeaeaie o?aaaoieo oaa?ei.

7. Cai?iiiiiaaiee nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae uiaei oi?aae?iiy iiioeyoe?yie
a?ecoi?a oe?aeeeaeo, ei?enieo ? ??aee?nieo aeae?a.

Aeinoia??i?noue aeniiae?a. Iaa?oioiaaia aaeeeeie oaeoe/ieie iaoa??aeaie,
c?a?aieie i?ioyaii aaaaoi??/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue o ??cieo a?iaaioeaiicao ?
oa?oiiaaiiyo cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie. Ca?? iaoa??ae?a cae?enithaaany
ca aeiiiiiaith caaaeueii i?eeiyoeo a ciieia??, iiioeyoe?ei?e a?ieia?? oa
a?iaaioeaiieia?? iaoiaeee.

Aaoi?ii oaeineiiaeai? ? aeiiiaiai? iaoiaeeee, ui noinothoueny cai??a
iaoa??ae?a i?i aoaeiao i?? a?ecoi?a, ?o iiioeyoe?eii? no?oeoo?e ?
ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie? a aeinenoaiao. Iaea?aeai? aeai? ii?aoeueiaai?
o?aaeeoe?eieie iaoiaeaie aa??aoe?eii? noaoenoeee (Caeoeaa, 1985) ca
aeiiiiiaith eiii’thoa?a.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe. Iaoa??aee aeine?aeaeaiue ciaeoee nai?
a?aeia?aaeaiiy o ?ic?iaoe? i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e: “Iino?oeoe?y ii
aeei?enoaiith io?oeieo i?eiaae o ai?iouea? c ieoiaeaeieie a?ecoiaie”
(Euea?a,1955), “Caoiaee ai?ioueae c a?ecoiaie a ianaeaieo ioieoao.
Iaoiaee/i? ii?aaee ii aea?aoecaoe??” (Euea?a,1962), “?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii
ai?iouea? c oe?aeeeaeie a?ecoiaie” (Euea?a,1963). Aaoi? 15 ?ie?a
neeaaeaa aeey iaeanii? noaioe?? caoenoo ?ineei i?iaiice /enaeueiino?
oe?aeeeaeo a?ecoi?a ia iieyo Euea?anueei? iaeano?, ye? iaaeneeaeenue aei
I?i?noa?noaa n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa Oe?a?ie. Ia aac? Euea?anueei?
oieneeieia?/ii? eaai?aoi??? ananithciiai iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai ?inoeoooo
caoenoo ?ineei i?ioyaii 8 ?ie?a i?iaiaeea aea?aeaai? aei?iaiaoaaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? iiaeo i?aia?ao?a o ai?iouea? c oe?aeeeaeie a?ecoiaie ia
iieyo ? a ianaeaieo ioieoao.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a. Aeena?oaoe?y ? iniaenoith iaoeiaith i?aoeath.
Aaoi?, ye a?aeiia?aeaeueiee aeeiiaaaoeue 10 ieaiiaeo athaeaeaoieo oai,
a?aa iniaenoo o/anoue o ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeee, cai??, ii?aoethaaii?,
aiae?c? iieueiaeo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo iaoa??ae?a, ?o oai?aoe/i?e
?ioa?i?aoaoe??, i?aeaioiaoe? iaoeiaeo ioae?eaoe?e.

Ca?? iaoa??ae?a i?iaiaeeany oaeiae i?e aeeiiaii? 7 ainiaeiaia??ieo oai,
a yeeo aaoi? i?eeiaa o/anoue ye iaoeiaee ea??aiee ? a?aeiia?aeaeueiee
aeeiiaaaoeue. ?acoeueoaoe oeeo aeine?aeaeaiue aena?oeai? o 17
ioae?eaoe?yo, a oiio /ene? a o?ueio i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yo, o/anoue
aaoi?a a yeeo noaiiaeoue 60-90%.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe o aeaeyae?
aeiiia?aeae, iia?aeiieaiue ? oac iaaiai?thaaeenue ia 45 iaoeiaeo,
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo, neiiic?oiao ? eiia?anao, a oiio /ene?:

ia 9 i?aeia?iaeieo (Ia?oee oa??ieia?/iee eiia?an, Iineaa, 1974;
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i? eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/ai? 25-??//th Ea?iaonueeiai
a?inoa?iiai caiia?aeieea, ?ao?a, 1993 ? 550-??//th i. ?aoiaa, ?ao?a,
1997; iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ia eiioa?aioe?y “I?iaeaie Aooeoeueueie”, Ein?a,
1993; neiiic?oi “Cii?iaeeeaoe?y ? aeioieneeieia?y oaa?ei a oiiaao
oaoiiaaiiiai eaiaeoaooo”, Aeiiaoeuee, 1993; iaoeiaa eiioa?aioe?y
“I?iieneiaa aioai?ea: noai ? ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo”, Aeiiaoeuee,1979; 4
iaoeiaa eiioa?aioe?y “I?iaeaie oe?a?inueei? iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii?
oa?i?iieia??”, Euea?a, 1996; neiiic?oi c i?iaeai aoea, Euea?a, 1995;
?a?iiaenueei-Aia?eeainueeee eiia?an oa??ieia?a, Iniai?y, 1998);

ia 14 ananithcieo (ia?aaee ? eiioa?aioe?? c ciiaaia?ao?? noo?, Euea?a –
1975, Aeia-Aoa – 1960, Eeoei?a, 1975; ia?oa ia?aaea ii nnaaoeyo, Iineaa,
1961; /aoaa?oa aeieia?/ia eiioa?aioe?y, Ee?a, 1962; o?aoy i?i?oieia?/ia
eiioa?aioe?y, Euea?a, 1962; ia?aaea c aioo??oiueiaeaeiai? i?ieeaino? ?
i?e?iaaiethoe??, Naa?aeeianuee, 1964; ia?aaea ii a?iaaioeaiieia?? ?
iaoiaeao iae?eo ia?aeiii? i?iaeoeoe?? a nia?aeiaeo e?nao,
Iao?icaaiaenuee, 1973; ia?aaea “Oaa?eie a ooieoe?iioaaii? aeinenoai”,
Iineaa, 1975; ia?aaea “Aenia?eiaioaeueia a?iaaioeaiieia?y e
aa?ioeaiice”, ?inoia-ia-Aeiio, 1979; 3-?e ? 4-ee c’?caee AOO, Iineaa,
1982, 1986; ia?aaea “Aea/aiiy e inai?iiy oei?e ? ?ineeiiino?
aenieia??’?a”, Naa?aeeianuee, 1982; ia?aaea, i?enay/aia oooeai/eeai,
Aeia-Aoa, 1983);

ia 11 ?anioae?eainueeeo (eiioa?aioe?y ii aea/aiith oei?e ? oaoie Ea?iao
oa i?eeaaeeo oa?eoi??e, Ee?a, 1960; ciieia?/ia eiioa?aioe?y, I?inuee,
1962; eiioa?aioe?y “O?i?/iee iaoiae ai?ioueae c oe?aeieeaie, oai?iaaie ?
ao?’yiaie”, Ee?a, 1960; ia?oa ? ae?oaa eiioa?aioe?? c ?icaeoeo
ieneeanueeiai ainiiaea?noaa, Ee?a, 1968, 1973; ia?oa, ae?oaa ? o?aoy
ia?aaee c a?iaaioeaiieia??, Euea?a – 1975, Aei?i?iiao?ianuee – 1978,
Euea?a – 1986; iaoe.-i?aeoe/ia eiioa?aioe?y “Ioi?iia e?niaeo aeinenoai”,
Euea?a, 1986; ia?aaea Oe?a?inueeiai oa??ieia?/iiai oiaa?enoaa, Ee?a,
1987);

ia 11 ?aa?iiaeueieo (ia?aaea c ioi?iie i?e?iaee ? ?aoe?iiaeueiiai
aeei?enoaiiy i?e?iaeieo ?ano?n?a cao?aeieo iaeanoae O?N?, Euea?a, 1957;
eiioa?aioe?y c nenoai aaaeaiiy ainiiaea?noaa a a??nueeeo ?aeiiao,
Noai?neaa, 1960; i?aeaoc?anuee? eiioa?aioe??: Oaeai?iae – 1965,
*a?i?aoe? – 1965; iaoe.-i?aeo. eiioa?aioe?y “Caoeno ea?iaonueeeo e?n?a
a?ae oai?ia ? oe?aeiee?a”, Oaeai?iae, 1963; eiioa?aioe?y “?ineeiiee ?
oaa?eiiee na?o cao?aeieo iaeanoae O?N?”, 1970; iaoe. eiioa?aioe?y c
aeine?aeaeaiue a?iaaioeaiic?a cao?aeieo iaeanoae O?N?, ?o
?aoe?iiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy oa ioi?iie, Euea?a, 1972; iaoe.-i?aeoe/ia
eiioa?aioe?y c oe?eueiaiai e?ni?icaaaeaiiy, Iaaii-O?aie?anuee, 1993;
iaoe. – i?aeoe/ia eiioa?aioe?y c i?iaeai noaiiaeaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
iiainoai?aieo caiia?aeiee?a, A?eiaee?a, 1995; iaoe.-i?aeoe/ia
eiioa?aioe?y “Aeieia?/i? ia?aaeoiiae ?icaeoeo ?ae?aaoe?? ia
Aooeoeueuei?”, ss?ai/a, 1996; iaoeiaa eiioa?aioe?y Iinoeoooo aeieia??
Ea?iao IAI Oe?a?ie, i?enay/aia 40-??//th a?inoaoe?iia?o
“Iiaeeaeaanueea”, Euea?a, 1997).

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno.

Aeieiai-nenoaiaoe/iee neeaae a?ecoi?a cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie,
no?oeoo?a ?o iiioeyoe?e ye iaeei c iniiaieo iaoiae?a ae?aaiinoeee ?
i?iaiicoaaiiy a?ieia?/ieo i?ioean?a a aeinenoaiao.

A?iaia?aaoeea a?ecoi?a ? ?? cia/aiiy aeey aea/aiiy ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie?
iiioeyoe?e a aeinenoaiao.

?ieue a?ecoi?a o eiini?oeai?e i?aai?caoe?? a?iaaioeaiic?a.

Oai?aoe/i? iniiae ?aaoeyoe?? /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?e oe?aeeeaeo
a?ecoi?a, ioi?iie ??aee?nieo ? ei?enieo aeae?a.

Ioae?eaoe??. Aaoi?ii iioae?eiaai? iiiaae 100 iaoeiaeo i?aoeue, c yeeo 82
aena?oeththoue iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??. Na?aae inoaii?o 54
?iaioe iaeaaeaoue iniaenoi aaoi?o, a 28 – o ni?aaaoi?noa?, o/anoue
aeena?oaioa a yeeo noaiiaeoue 70-90%. Aei /enea ioae?eaoe?e iaeaaeaoue 1
aaoi?nueea ? 5 ni?aaaoi?nueeeo iiiia?ao?e, 1 neiaiee–aeia?aeiee oa 7
iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e.

Caaaeueiee ianya 82 ioae?eaoe?e noaiiaeoue 60,2 ae?oeiaaieo a?eoo?a.

Ianya ? no?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y ioiieth? 380 noi??iie ?
neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, 10 ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo e?oa?aoo?e,
yeee aeeth/a? 605 iaca ?ia?o a?o/eciyieo oa ?iicaiieo aaoi??a (o oiio
/ene? 116 eaoeinueeei o?eooii). ?iaioa ?ethno?iaaia 62 ?enoieaie ? 48
oaaeeoeyie.

Aaoi? aoaiiao? na?oeith iai’yooth naiai aei?iaiai o/eoaey ? ianoaaieea
aeieoi?a a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?a O.I.No?aooiaia, a oaeiae
aeaaeai?e?a I.A.I?aeiie?/ea ? N.N.Oaa?oea, aeieoi??a a?ieia?/ieo iaoe,
i?ioani??a I.A.Ai?inoaainueeiai ? I.O.Nieo?a, i?ioani?a I.I.Ei?i??aa,
/e? oai?/? ii?aaee ? aeia?? iiaaaeaiiy a iaeano? ciieia?/ii? iaoee
iacaaaeaee caeeoaoueny o ii?e na?aeiiino?.

Ca oe?ii? eiinoeueoaoe??, ii?aaee, noai?aiiy iioeiaeueieo oiia aeey
i?iaaaeaiiy iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue o a?aeae?e? iiioeyoe?eii? aeieia??
Iinoeoooo aeieia?? Ea?iao IAI Oe?a?ie na?aea/ii aaey/iee aeieoi?ai
a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?ai E.A.Iaeeiianueeiio ? E.A.Oea?eeo. Ca
noai?aiiy oai?/i? ianoaiiaee i?e aeeiiaii? iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue
aeneiaethth ue?o aaey/i?noue aee?aeoi?o Iinoeoooo aeieia?? Ea?iao IAI
Oe?a?ie, aeaaeai?eo IAI Oe?a?ie I.A.Aieoaoeth. Ue?i aaey/iee aeieoi?ai
a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?ai E.A.Oaoa?eiiao ? I.I.Eicaio ca oe?ii?
ii?aaee ? caoaaaeaiiy a ii?e ?iaio?, a oaeiae aeneiaethth iiaeyeo
aeieoi?o a?ieia?/ieo iaoe TH.I.*i?iiaath ca aeiiiiiao a iaieiae?ii?
iaoiaeaie eiiaeoeoiiao?e/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue

CI?NO ?IAIOE

?ICAeIE 1. INOI?Iss AEA*AIIss A?ECOIIA I NO*ANII CAAAeAIIss
AeINEIAeAEAIUe ?O IIIOEssOeIE

1.1. Inoi??y aea/aiiy a?ecoi?a cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie. Inoi?e/iee
iaeyae ioae?eaoe?e i?i a?ecoi?a cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie, ii/eiath/e c
ia?oi? iieiaeie OIO no. ? aei iaoeo aei?a

Ca oeae /an aeine?aeaeaiiyie a?ecoi?a caeiaeenue aaaaoi ciieia?a:
K.Stroczynski, A.Zawadzki, G.Belke, A.Plater, S.Pietruski, M.Nowicki,
A.Walecki, A.Wrzesniowski, G.Grochmalicki, W.Dzieduszycki, R.Gutwinski,
E.Niezabitowski, Cz.Statkiewicz, J.Fudakowski, L.Sagan, Z.Mehely,
J.Paszlawsky, O.Stepanek, O.Farsky, I.A.ssiooaae/, O.I.No?aooiai,
E.A.Oaoa?eiia, I.I.Eiethoaa, A.A.Eiithoiae/, I.I.Iaeooaiei,
I.Ae.Oia?aae/, I.A.Iieooeia, I.I.Oo?yiei, I.O.Nieo?, I.I.?oaeeoei,
A.?.Ieeyanueeee, I.A.Ei?/einueeee, A.I.Aaiaaethe, E.E.Iiaeaoaiei,
I.?.Aeiaaaiue, I.A.Ai?aee, ?.I.ssiaieaiei, Ae.A.Aeaaeeoaanueeee,
A.A.Oiia/aanueeee, I.I.Eenaethe, I.A.?iaeueyiia, I.A.Caai?iaeithe,
A.I.Aaae?ioeaa, A.N.Eaaeoeueea, I.N.Aiae?a?a, E.I.Aeaaineeiiia,
I.A.?iaaoei, I.TH.Ei?ioei?o/ei oa ?i.

1.2. No/ani? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a

No/ani? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a, ia aeoieo aaoi?a,
iiaeii? aeeth/aoe ianooii? iniiai? ieoaiiy:

caeeaaeea noaoe?iia?ieo ae?eyiie aai iii?oi?eia?a o ??cieo oeaiicao ?
aaia?ao?/ieo ?aeiiao aeey i?iaaaeaiiy aaaaoi??/ieo iiioeyoe?eieo
aeine?aeaeaiue;

?ic?iaea ? canoinoaaiiy iiaeo iaoiae?a a?aeeiao oaa?ei, ye? ia
ii?ooothoue a?ioe/iiai ??ciiiai?ooy ? oeaiioe/ieo ca’yce?a o i?e?iaeieo
e aio?iiiaaiii ci?iaieo aeinenoaiao;

aecia/aiiy a a?iaaioeaiicao /enaeueiino? oa a?iiane iiioeyoe?e ??cieo
aeae?a oaa?ei;

oa?eoi??aeueia ?ici?uaiiy oaa?ei ??cieo a?eiaeo noai?a ? u?euei?noue
iiioeyoe?e;

ci?ia /enaeueiino? ? u?eueiino? iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a ii naciiao ? ?ieao;

a?eiaa ? noaoaaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e ? ?o aeeiai?ea;

aecia/aiiy aieeao ??cieo oaeoi??a ia ?ioaineai?noue ?iciiiaeaiiy ?
nia?oi?noue oaa?ei ia ??cieo aoaiao ?o aeeoo?aeo oeeee?a, a oaeiae ia
naciiio ? ??/io aeeiai?eo /enaeueiino?;

iniaeeaino? iioiaaiaco iniaei ianiaeo, cae/aeieo ? ??aee?nieo aeae?a
oaa?ei;

o/anoue a?ecoi?a o eiini?oe?yo;

ye?nia ? e?euee?nia ioe?iea ooiooe?iiaeueii? ?ie? iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a o
??cieo aeinenoaiao;

aea/aiiy i?ieeaino?, aaeaioaoe?e ? i?e?iaaiethoe?eieo i?ioean?a o
iiioeyoe?yo a?ecoi?a.

A?eueo?noue ?c oeeo caaaeaiue ae??ooaaeenue aaoi?ii.

?ICAeIE 2. ?AEIIE, IAOA?IAEE I IAOIAeEEA AeINEIAeAEAIUe

2.1. ?aeiie aeine?aeaeaiue

Ca?? iaoa??ae?a i?iaiaeeee o ??cieo aeieia?/ieo oiiaao cao?aeiiai
?aa?iio Oe?a?ie: o Ea?iaoao, Caea?iaonueeiio ia?aaea??’?, I?eoenainuee?e
ieciaei?, I?eea?iaoo?, E?ninoaio ? Iie?nn?. Aeine?aeaeaiiyie ioiieai?
iiiaae 200 ioieo?a.

2.2. Iaoa??aee

Iaie iniaenoi c?a?aii, iii?/aii ? i?iaiae?ciaaii iiiaae 26 oen. iniaei
a?ecoi?a. Ie??i oeueiai, i?iaiae?ciaaii a?ey 10 oen. oooie ? /a?ai?a c
oiiaeiaeo iaoa??ae?a ciiioca?a Ee?anueeiai, Euea?anueeiai,
Oaeai?iaenueeiai ? *a?i?aaoeueeiai oi?aa?neoao?a, Aea?aeaaiiai
i?e?iaeiciaa/iai iocath IAI Oe?a?ie oa Iinoeoooo ciieia?? IAI Oe?a?ie.
C?a?aii a?ey 300 oen. aeoiia?aceo?a. ?iceiiaii ? i?iaiae?ciaaii 620 i??
a?ecoi?a, aeine?aeaeaii a?ey 13 oen. oo. oeoie?a a?ecoi?a, a oaeiae
i?iaaaeai? /eneaii? aenia?eiaioe ii aeeaeaiith a?ecoi?a, ?o aaciiai?io,
aeoeaiino?, i?a?aoe?yo, i?inoi?ia?e ? a?eia?e no?oeoo?? oa ?ioeo
no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueieo ia?aiao?ao iiioeyoe?e.

2.3. Iaoiaeeea ?iaioe.

Ca?? iaoa??ae?a, ?o ii?aoethaaiiy oa aiae?c i?iaiaeeee ca
caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie iaoiaeeeaie c aeayeeie aaeineiiaeaiiyie,
canoiniaoth/e iia? i?aeoiaee aei aea/aiiy ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie?
iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a a aeinenoaiao, eiini?oeaieo ca’yce?a oiui.

?ICAeIE 3. AEIEIAI-NENOAIAOE*IEE NEEAAe A?ECOIIA

3.1. Nenoaiaoe/iee neeaae a?ecoi?a

Iaie aea/ai? 32 aeaee a?ecoi?a, ui a?aeiinyoueny aei 8 ?iaeei.

I. ?iaeeia aia?ia? – Castoridae Gray, 1821

1. Aiaa? ??/eiaee – Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758

II. ?iaeeia ioo???a? – Myocastoridae Miller et Gidley, 1918

2. Ioo??y – Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782

III. ?iaeeia a?eeia? – Sciuridae Gray, 1821

3. Oia?ao e?ai/anoee – Citellus suslicus Gueldenstadt, 1770

4. Oia?ao ?a?iiaenueeee – Citellus citellus Linnaeus, 1766

5. A?eea – Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758

IV. ?iaeeia aia/eia? – Gliridae Thomas, 1897

6. Aia/ie n??ee – Glis glis Linnaeus, 1766

7. Aia/ie e?niaee – Dryomys nitedula Pallas, 1778

8. Aia/ie naaeiaee – Eliomys quercinus Linnaeus, 1766

9. Aia/ie ai??oeiaee – Muscardinus avellanarius Linnaeus, 1758

V. ?iaeeia oooeai/eeia? – Dipodidae Waterhouse, 1842

10. Ieo?aea noaiiaa – Sisista subtilis Pallas, 1773

11. Ieo?aea e?niaa – Sicista betulina Pallas, 1778

VI. ?iaeeia ieoei? – Muridae Thomas, 1896

12. Ieoa oaoiy – Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758

13. Ieoa iaea – Micromys minutus Pallas, 1771

14. Ieoa iieueiaa – Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771

15. Ieoa e?niaa – Apodemus sylvaticus Linnaeus, 1758

16. Ieoa aeiaoiai?ea – Apodemus flavicollis Melchior, 1834

17. Uo? /i?iee – Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758

18. Uo? n??ee – Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769

VII. ?iaeeia oii’yeia? – Cricetidae Fischer von Waldheim, 1817

19. Oii’ye cae/aeiee – Cricetus cricetus Linnaeus, 1758

20. Oii’y/ie n??ee – Cricetulus migratorius Pallas, 1773

21. Iiaeao?a – Ondatra zibethica Linnaeus, 1776

22. Iie?aea aiaeyia – Arvicola terrestris Linnaeus, 1758

23. Iie?aea iaea aiaeyia – Arvicola scherman Shaw.

24. Iie?aea ni?aiaa – Microtus nivalis Martins, 1842

25. Iie?aea–aeiiiiea – Microtus oeconomus Pallas, 1776

26. Iie?aea oaiia – Microtus agrestis Linnaeus, 1761

27. Iie?aea cae/aeia – Microtus arvalis Pallas, 1779

28. Iie?aea i?aecaiia – Microtus subterraneus Selys-Longchamps, 1836

29. Iie?aea ?oaea (e?niaa) – Clethrionomys glareolus Schreber, 1780

VIII. ?iaeeia ne?iaeia? – Spalacidae Gray, 1821

30. Ne?iae iiae?euenueeee – Spalax polonicus Mehely, 1909

31. Ne?iae a??nueeee aai a?eicoaee – Spalax leucodon Nordmann, 1840

32. Ne?iae aoeiaeinueeee aai a?aoeueeee – Spalax graecus Nehring, 1898

A inoaii? ?iee aeey cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie ia iniia? iiiaeeiieeo
ciao?aeie aeacothoueny ua 4 aeaee: Apodemus microps (Iieooeia, Aicithe,
1980), Terricola tatricus, Sylvaemus tauricus, Sylvaemus uralensis
(?iaeueyiia, Caai?iaeithe, 1994; Eenaethe, 1998).

3.2. Aeieiai-nenoaiaoe/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea a?ecoi?a

Iiaeaiee nienie aeae?a a?ecoi?a ca oaeith noaiith: ?icaeyiooee iaoa??ae,
nenoaiaoe/ia iieiaeaiiy, iioe?aiiy, ?ici?uaiiy a a?ioiiao, aeeaeaiiy,
?iciiiaeaiiy, ai?iae ? ia?aceoe, ainiiaea?nueea cia/aiiy.

?ICAeIE 4. II?OIOICIIEIAI*II INIAEEAINOI IIIOEssOeIE

4.1. Iiioeyoe?eia i?ieea?noue aioo??oi?o i?aai?a

Aaaaoi??/ieie aeine?aeaeaiiyie anoaiiaeaii, ui a iniaei a??nueeeo
iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a eeoeiaee o?aeo cia/ii aeiaoee, i?ae o oeo aea
aeae?a, ye? iioe?ai? o ??aieiieo ?aeiiao. Cie?aia, a?aeiinia aeiaaeeia
eeoa/ieea aei?ineeo iniaei ea?iaonueei? iiioeyoe?? ieo? aeiaoiai?ei? a
na?aaeiueiio ia 25% a?eueoa, i?ae o e?ninoaiiai? iiioeyoe??. O
iiioeyoe?? ?oaei? iie?aee Ea?iao a?aeiinia aeiaaeeia eeoa/ieea a
na?aaeiueiio ia 8,6% (naiee) – 17,1% (naioe?) a?eueoa o ii??aiyii? c
e?ninoaiiaith iiioeyoe??th. Iaaaaeai? aeai? noaoenoe/ii aeinoia??i? ye
ca aaniethoieie, oae ? ca a?aeiinieie iieacieeaie.

Aiaeia?/ia ea?oeia niinoa??aa?oueny ? a ?ioeo aeae?a. Oe?eaai, ui
iaa?oue a??nuee? ? ??aieii? iiioeyoe?? ceiiniey/eo aeae?a
a?ae??ciythoueny i?ae niaith, oi/a oe? a?aei?iiino? o iieacieeao ? ia ?
oaeeie ??ceeie. Iai?eeeaae, aei?ine? iniaeie ea?iaonueei? iiioeyoe??
ieo?aee e?niai? iathoue a?aeiinio caaaeueio aeiaaeeio eeoa/ieea ia 5,7%,
a ne?iiai a?aeae?eo – ia 4,7% a?eueo? o ii??aiyii? c aiaeia?/ieie
iniaeiaie ??aieiii? (Iie?nny) iiioeyoe??.

A??nuee? ? ??aieii? iiioeyoe?? a?ecoi?a oa?aeoa?ecothoueny niaoeeo?/ieie
a?aei?iiinoyie aioo??oi?o i?aai?a (ia/?iea, na?oea, eaaai?, ie?ee).
Cie?aia, iiioeyoe?y a?eee c Ea?iao ia? a?eueoee ?iaeaen ia/?iee ?
aeinoia??ii (O=5,8) a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae ??aieiii? (Iie?nny) iiioeyoe??.

Iiaea?oueny aeaoaeueiee ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c a?aei?iiinoae
ii?oio?c?iei-a?/ieo ia?aiao??a iiioeyoe?e ?ioeo aeae?a.

4.2. Aeieia?/i? iaoai?cie ii?oio?c?ieia?/ieo aaeaioaoe?e iiioeyoe?e

Aeine?aeaeaiiyie anoaiiaeaii, ui ii?oio?c?ieia?/ia ??cii??aei?noue
iiioeyoe?e ie?aieo aeae?a oaa?ei o ??cieo oiiaao Iie?nny, E?ninoaio ?
Ea?iao ia? oa?aeoa? /?oei ae?aaeaiiai iie?ii?o?cio. Inioth/?
ii?oio?c?ieia?/i? aaeaioaoe?? iiioeyoe?e aeathoue ?i iiaeeea?noue
iaea?eueo iiaii aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?ano?ne na?aaeiaeua aeey i?aeo?eiaiiy
/enaeueiino?, ?ai?iaeoeoeaiiai iioaioe?aeo, ooieoe?iioaaiiy o eiie?aoieo
oa?oiiaaiiyo. Aeieia?/iei iaoai?ciii ii?oio?c?ieia?/ieo aaeaioaoe?e ?
eiiieaen aa?ioe/ieo ? a?ioe/ieo oaeoi??a, eiaeai c yeeo ia? naith
niaoeeo?eo o aeine?aeaeoaaieo ?aeiiao Iie?nny, E?ninoaio ? Ea?iao.

O a??nueeeo ?aeiiao i?ia?aeieie oaeoi?aie iiyae ii?oio?c?ieia?/ieo
aaeaioaoe?e ?:

– na?aae aa?ioe/ieo – noai?? ee?iaoe/i? /eiieee;

– na?aae a?ioe/ieo – a??o? ei?iia? oiiae i?ioyaii o?eaaeiai ceiiaiai
ia??iaeo. Aaeaioaoe??, ye? iaoiiaeai? aeaieie oaeoi?aie, i?iyaeythoueny
o ca?eueoaii? ?iaeaen?a eeoa/ieea oa ?ioeo aioo??oi?o i?aai?a ?
ni?eythoue ?ioaineo?eaoe?? iai?io ?a/iaei. Naia oeei iiynith?oueny
ii?oio?c?ieia?/ia ??cii??aei?noue a??nueeeo ? ??aieiieo iiioeyoe?e, ui
iniaeeai /?oei ?ethno?o?oueny i?eeeaaeii iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a –
o?oioaa?a.

Iao? aeai? uiaei ii?oio?c?ieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a ?
aeayeeo ?ioeo aeae?a nnaaoe?a Iie?nny, E?ninoaio ? Ea?iao iathoue iaaiee
oai?aoe/iee ?ioa?an ye aeey iiyniaiiy aeieeiaiiy oa ?ie? aaeaioaoe?e,
oae ? aeey ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? i?e?iaaiethoe?eieo i?ioean?a o ??cieo
aeinenoaiao.

?ICAeIE 5. AIIOIII*IA ?ICIIUAIIss A?ECOIIA

5.1. Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea a?ioii?a

I?ae oa?i?iii “a?ioii” ie ?icoi??ii oa?eoi??th c iaeiioeiieie oiiaaie
aa?ioe/iiai na?aaeiaeua, caeiyoiai iaeiei a?ioeaiicii. A?ioii ?acii c
a?ioeaiicii ooai?ththoue a?iaaioeaiic.

Caaaeueia ieiua ??ciiiai?oieo a?ioii?a aeey oaa?ei cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio
Oe?a?ie noaiiaeoue 9,6 iei. aa. C ieo aea?aaii-/aaa?ieeia? a?ioiie
caeiathoue ieiuo 3,76 iei. aa (39,2%), iieueia? – 3,69 iei. aa (37,4%),
eo/i? – 1,64 iei. aa (17,1%), aiaeii-aieioi? – 0,33 iei. aa (3,4%),
ieoiia aaaa ?ioeo a?ioii?a iacia/ia (2,9%). ?acii c oeei, o ??cieo
aeieia?/ieo oiiaao ??aieiieo, ia?aaea??nueeeo ? a??nueeeo ?aeii?a oe?
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy iaiaeiaeia?, /ei ? iiynith?oueny niaoeeo?ea ??ciiiai?ooy
oaa?eiiiai ianaeaiiy ia aeai?e oa?eoi???.

5.2. ?ici?uaiiy ? /enaeuei?noue a?ecoi?a o a?ioiiao

5.2.1. E?nia? a?ioiie

Oa?aeoa? ?ici?uaiiy ? /enaeueiino? a?ecoi?a o e?niaeo a?ioiiao
caeaaeeoue a?ae oe?eiai eiiieaeno oiia: oeio aea?aainoaio, eiai a?eo,
c?ieiooino? e?ii, aieiaino? ? iaoai?/iiai neeaaeo a?oio?a, o?iaeaeiino?
ian?iiy ? ieiae?a, o?aa’yiiai ? /aaa?ieeiai-/aaa?ie/eiaiai y?on?a,
iayaiino? noiaeu ? i?noeue aeey i?? ? ai?cae ca??e?a.

O aeena?oaoe?? aeaoaeueii aiae?cothoueny aeaeiaee neeaae ? /enaeuei?noue
ie?aieo aeae?a a?ecoi?a o ??cieo oeiao e?n?a Iie?nny, E?ninoaio,
I?eea?iaooy ? Ea?iao o naciiiiio oa ??/iiio aniaeoao.

5.2.2. *aaa?ieeia? a?ioiie

O ?aeiiao Iie?nny iae/enaeuei?oith a /aaa?ieeiaeo a?ioiiao ? ieoa
iieueiaa, o E?ninoaio – a?aeiia?aeii aeiaoiai?ea ? iieueiaa ieo?, o
I?eea?iaoo? – iie?aea i?aecaiia ? ieoa aeiaoiai?ea, a a Ea?iaoao
aeii?io? iie?aea i?aecaiia.

5.2.3. Eo/i? a?ioiie

Canaeai?, a iniiaiiio, ??cieie aeaeaie iie?aie ? ieoath iieueiaith.
Cie?aia, ia Iie?nn? ? a E?ninoaio aeii?iothoue iie?aea cae/aeia
(a?aeiia?aeii 42,6 ? 64,2%) ? ieoa iieueiaa (a?aeiia?aeii 32,3 ? 15,8%).
Ia eoeao Aa?oiueiaei?no?ianueeeo Aaneeae ? Ai?aeaanueeeo iieiiei na?aae
a?ecoi?a aeii?io? iie?aea cae/aeia, a a *i?iiai??, *ea/eiao ? Ai?aaiao
ia?aaaaeathoue iie?aee – oaiia ? i?aecaiia.

5.2.4. Iieueia? a?ioiie

O iieueiaeo a?ioiiao naciii? ci?ie o ?ici?uaii? ? /enaeueiino? a?ecoi?a
i?ine?aeeiaothoueny a?eueo /?oei, o ii??aiyii? c e?niaeie a?ioiiaie. Oea
iiynith?oueny niaoeeo?eith ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, ae?iuoaaiiyi
n?eueainieoeueoo?, ?o cae?aiiyi oiui.

O aeena?oaoe?? aeaoaeueii iienai? ?ici?uaiiy ? /enaeuei?noue a?ecoi?a ii
naciiao ? ?ieao ia iin?aao y?eo oa iceieo ca?iiaeo, oaoi?/ieo ?
i?inaiieo eoeueoo?ao, aaaaoi??/ieo o?aaao o ??cieo aaia?ao?/ieo ?aeiiao
Iie?nny, E?ninoaio, I?eea?iaooy ? Ea?iao.

5.2.5. Ianaeai? ioieoe

Na?aae 6 aeae?a a?ecoi?a ca?iinoiaeu, neeaaenueeeo i?ei?uaiue ?
oaa?eiieoeueeeo oa?i, aeeoeiaeo oa ?ioeo aoae?aaeue aeii?iothoue aeaa
aeaee – uo? n??ee ? ieoa oaoiy. ?acii aiie neeaaeathoue a?ey 96% a?ae
caaaeueii? /enaeueiino? aeyaeaieo oaa?ei.

5.3. Caaaeuei? caeiiii??iino? a?ioii?/iiai ?ici?uaiiy a?ecoi?a

Caaaeuei? caeiiii??iino? a?ioii?/iiai ?ici?uaiiy a?ecoi?a iaeiioeii?:
iiioeyoe?? ie?aieo aeae?a oaa?ei caeaoi? ooai?thaaoe iino?ei? ?
oei/ania? iinaeaiiy, a oaeiae iaeneiaeueii aeei?enoiaoaaoe iayai?
aeeoo?a? ?ano?ne.

Aeeiai?/i?noue a?ioii?/iiai ?ici?uaiiy a?ecoi?a ii naciiao ? ?ieao, ?o
aeaeiaee neeaae ? /enaeuei?noue caeaaeaoue a?ae eiiieaeno aeieia?/ieo
oaeoi??a: no?oeoo?e o?oioeaiico, neeaaeo oaoie, iayaiino? noiaeu ? o.
?i. Oae, o nia?aeiaeo ? niniiaeo e?nao oiiae iaeni?eyoeea?o? aeey
ia?aaoaaiiy iie?aee ?oaei?, aeii?ioth/i? na?aae ?ioeo aeae?a. O
aeoaiaeo, aoeiaeo oa ?ioeo oe?ieieenoyieo e?nao ia?aaaaea? ieoa
aeiaoiai?ea.

?ici?uaiiy a?ecoi?a a aa?ioeaiicao iia’ycaia ?c naciiiith ci?iith
aeei?enoaiiy oa?aeue, ae?iuoaaiiyi n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo?,
i?iaaaeaiiyi aa?ioaoi?/ieo caoiae?a oiui. Aeayeei aeaeai a?ecoi?a
aeanoeaa naciiia ci?ia a?ioii?a. Oae, ieoa iaea ceiith ? ?aiiueith
aaniith eiioeaio?o?oueny o nee?oao, no?aeeao, a a ea?oi? i?a?o? a ?io?
a?ioiie. Ae?oeo aiia /anoi cono??/a?oueny iiaeeco aiaeieieu – a ca?inoyo
iniee e i/a?aoo, ia ??cieo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo?ao. I?ney
cae?aiiy o?iaeath – ciiao i?a?o? a nee?oe ? no?aeee, aea ia?aaoaa? i?ae
/an iani?eyoeeaeo iiaiaeieo oiia. *anoeia iiioeyoe?? ieo? oaoiuei?
aaniith i?a?o? c ianaeaieo ioieo?a ? nee?o ia iiey, aea ia?aaoaa?
i?ioyaii onueiai aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo, a i?ney cai?o o?iaeath ainaie
ciiao i?a?o? o ianaeai? ioieoe ? nee?oe.

A?ecoie aeia?a aeei?enoiaothoue aaoa?iaaii?noue na?aaeiaeua o ??cieo
a?ioiiao, ui ia? aaaeeeaa aaeaioeaia cia/aiiy aeey caa?aaeaiiy iniaei
a?ae iani?eyoeeaeo oiia.

?ICAeIE 6. I?INOI?IAA NO?OEOO?A IIIOEssOeIE A?ECOIIA

6.1. Iniiai? i?eioeeie ? iiiyooy

I?ae i?inoi?iaith no?oeoo?ith ie ?icoi??ii oa?aeoa?io ? caeiiii??io aeey
eiie?aoiiai aeaeo aeeiai?eo oa?eoi??aeueiiai ?ici?uaiiy noeoiiinoae
aeaiaioa?ieo iinaeaiue, ooai?thth/eo iiioeyoe?th. I?e oeueiio iniiaiei
i?eioeeiii ? nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae, ca yeei iiioeyoe?y ?icaeyaea?oueny ye
ooieoe?iiaeueia nenoaia, yea neeaaea?oueny ?c oa?eoi??aeueieo
oa?oiiaaiue – aeaiaioa?ieo iinaeaiue ie?aieo aeae?a oaa?ei.

6.2. I?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e noaiioiiieo aeae?a

Aei noaiioiiieo aeae?a ie a?aeiineii aia?a ??/eiaiai, iiaeao?o, iie?aeo
aiaeyio, iie?aeo–aeiiiieo ? iie?aeo ni?aiao. C ieo niaoeeo?/ieie
noaiia?iioieie ? aiaa? oa iiaeao?a, aeeoo?ae?yeuei?noue yeeo ia iiaea
a?aeaoaaoenue aac aiaeiiai na?aaeiaeua.

Aiaa? ??/eiaee o ?aeiiao ?c aaeeeith ei?iiaith aacith ia Iie?nn? (caiane
aea?aaii-/aaa?ieeiaeo ei?i?a nyaathoue iiiaae 40 oiii ne?i? iane ia 1
aa) iioe?aiee acaeiaae eaiae?a ? aa?aa?a ??e. I?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a eiai
aeaiaioa?ieo iinaeaiue a?aeiineoueny aei iica?/iiai no??/eiaiai oeio. O
Oeoiainueeiio aea?aeaaiiio ieneeanueeiio ainiiaea?noa? Aieeinueei?
iaeano? (Iie?nny) a?aei?/ai? iae?, na?aaei? ? aaeee? aeaiaioa?i?
iinaeaiiy, aea inoaii? cono??/athoueny ??aeei. Ei?iia? ia?ai?uaiiy
aia??a nyaathoue aeiaaeeie 50-150 i, a i?a?aoe?ei? – aei 3-o ei.

Iica?/iee oei i?inoi?iai? no?oeoo?e oa?aeoa?iee oaeiae aeey iiioeyoe??
iiaeao?e, aiaeyii? iie?aee ? iie?aee–aeiiiiee.

Iiaeea?aeoaeuei? ae?eyiee aeaiaioa?ieo iinaeaiue aiaeyii? iie?aee ia
ia?aaeuothoue 50-100 i ea., a iie?aee–aeiiiiee – 70 i. ea.
Iiaeea?aeoaeuei? ae?eyiee aeaiaioa?ieo iinaeaiue iiioeyoe?e ni?aiai?
iie?aee eieeaathoueny a iaaeao 1090-1950 i. ea. Ei?iia? ? i?a?aoe?ei?
ia?ai?uaiiy aei?ineeo naioe?a ni?aiai? iie?aee a ia??iae ?iciiiaeaiiy
nyaathoue 5-200 i, o oie /an, ye ia?ai?uaiiy naiie ? iaioeie.

6.3. I?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e aa??oiiieo aeae?a

I?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e aa??oiiieo aeae?a aea/aia ia i?eeeaae?
ieoae – aeiaoiai?ei? ? e?niai?, iie?aie – ?oaei?, oaiii?, i?aecaiii? oa
cae/aeii?.

I?e iecuee?e u?eueiino? iiioeyoe?e aeaiaioa?i? iinaeaiiy aeacaieo aeae?a
(ca aeiyoeii ieo? e?niai?) ooai?ththoue iica?/iee oei i?inoi?iai?
no?oeoo?e, a i?e aenie?e – aeeoociee. Iiioeyoe?? ieo? e?niai? caaaeaee
iathoue i?inoi?iao no?oeoo?o aeaiaioa?ieo iinaeaiue iica?/iiai oeio.
Iica?/iee oei i?inoi?iai? no?oeoo?e oa?aeoa?iee oaeiae aeey ieo?aee
e?niai?.

6.4. I?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e neiaio?iiieo aeae?a

Aei neiaio?iiieo aeae?a a?aeiinyoueny uo? n??ee ? ieoa oaoiy. I?e
iecuee?e u?eueiino? iiioeyoe?e aeey caaaeaieo aeae?a oa?aeoa?iee
iica?/iee oei i?inoi?iai? no?oeoo?e, a i?e aenie?e – aeeoociee.

6.5. I?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e ye oaeoi? i?e?iaaiethoe??

I?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe??, ?? aeaiaioa?i? iinaeaiiy noeeuei? aei
iino?eieo aeeiai?/ieo i?aai?caoe?eieo ia?aaoaeia. Oaeaee?noue ?
iine?aeiai?noue ia?aaoaeia ??cieo oei?a i?inoi?iai? no?oeoo?e
iiioeyoe?e, iai?yieai?noue ci?i oa ?io? ?ene ?? aeeiai?ee, iaiaeiaeia? o
??cieo aaia?ao?/ieo oiiaao. Oea iiynith?oueny iaiaeii??aei?noth
na?aaeiaeua ia?aaoaaiiy iiioeyoe?e o ??cieo a?ioiiao ie?aieo
aaia?ao?/ieo cii. Ana oea aieeaa? ia niaoeeo?eo i?inoi?iaiai ?iciiae?eo
oaa?ei o i?e?iaeieo e aio?iiiaaiii ci?iaieo aeinenoaiao.

??ci? a?ioiie oa?aeoa?ecothoueny nai???aeieie eiiieaenaie aeeoo?aeo
oiia. Iane?aeeii oeueiai ? a?aei?iiino? i?ae iiioeyoe?yie oaa?ei ??cieo
a?ioii?a, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoueny ?o oaiioei?/iith i?ieea?noth. C ae?oaiai
aieo, caaaeyee iniaeeainoyi i?inoi?iaiai ?ici?uaiiy iniaei o iiioeyoe?yo
a?ecoi?a a?aeaoaa?oueny iai?i aaiaoe/iei iaoa??aeii i?ae
i?e?iiiioeyoe?yie o i?ioean? i?a?aoe?? noaoaaic??eeo iniaei, a oaeiae
i?aeaeuo?oueny aeeoo?a?noue iiioeyoe?e o ?acoeueoao? ia?ai?uaiiy oaa?ei
??cieo noaoaaeo a?oi ? a?eiaeo noai?a. O ca’yceo c oeei iiaeia
iiaiaeeoenue c aeoieith N.N. Oaa?oea (1969), ui a?ioiiia i?ieea?noue ia?
o nai?e iniia? a?aei?iiino? o aaiaoe/i?e no?oeoo?? iiioeyoe?e ? ui
oiiia?ao?/ia no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?? o aaaaoueio aeiaaeeao ? iiaooi?i
oaeoi?ii i?e?iaaiethoe??.

Oaeei /eiii, iiaeia c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui a?ioii?/ia ??ciiiai?oi?noue
caeiaieo iiioeyoe?yie eiie?aoieo oa?eoi??e i?enei?th? i?e?iaaiethoe?eiee
i?ioean, a i?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a ? iaeiei c iniiaieo oaeoi??a
i?e?iaaiethoe??.

?icae?e 7. AIEIAA NO?OEOO?A IIIOEssOeIE A?ECOIIA

I?ioyaii aeeoo?aiai oeeeeo iniaei ??ci? aeaee nnaaoe?a, a oiio /ene? e
a?ecoi?a, i?eiinyoue ??cio e?euee?noue iieie?iue, eiaeia c yeeo
i?ioiaeeoue iaai? a?eia? noaae??: iieiae? – iai?aaei?ine? – aei?ine? –
noa??. Oaea aeeiai?ea a?eiai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e ie?aieo aeae?a oaa?ei
? iaeiei c iniiaieo iaoai?ci?a ia?aoai?aiiy ?o aaiaoe/ii? no?oeoo?e.
Caaaeyee oeueiio caaacia/o?oueny aacia?a?ai?noue ?nioaaiiy iiioeyoe??,
?? “aacnia?oi?noue”, i?aeo?eio?oueny aiiainoac. O?eaae?noue a?eiaeo
noai?a iniaei caeaaeeoue a?ae oa?i?i?a noaoaaiai aeic??aaiiy oaa?ei ?
o?eaaeino? ?o aeeooy.

7.1. A?eiaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e ceiiniey/eo aeae?a a?ecoi?a

A?eiaa no?oeoo?a ceiiniey/eo aeae?a a?ecoi?a ?icaeyaea?oueny iaie ia
i?eeeaaeao oia?ao?a e?ai/anoiai ? ?a?iiaenueeiai, aia/e?a ai??oeiaiai ?
e?niaiai, ieo?aee e?niai?.

O iiioeyoe?? oia?aoa e?ai/anoiai ia?aaaaeathoue aei?ine? iniaeie
(70,6%), a iieiae? noaiiaeyoue 29,4%, a oie /an ye o oia?aoa
?a?iiaenueeiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oeo a?eiaeo a?oi noaiiaeoue iaeaea 1:1. O
aei?ineeo a?eiaeo a?oiao iiioeyoe?e iaio aeae?a oia?ao?a ia?aaaaeathoue
naiee. O iiioeyoe?yo aia/e?a ia?aaaaeathoue aei?ine? iniaeie, na?aae
yeeo a?eueoa naioe?a. O iiioeyoe?? ieo?aee e?niai? oaeiae aeii?iothoue
naioe?: na?aae 328 i?iaiae?ciaaieo iniaei aiie noaiiaeyoue 76,8%, naiee
-23.2%.

7.2. A?eiaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e noaiioiiieo aeae?a a?ecoi?a

O aeena?oaoe?? ?icai?iooi aena?oeth?oueny a?eiaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e
iiaeao?e, iie?aee–aeiiiiee, iie?aie – ni?aiai?, aiaeyii? ? iaei?
aiaeyii?.

O iiioeyoe?? iiaeao?e aaniith ? ainaie naiee ia?aaaaeathoue a on?o
a?eiaeo a?oiao, a e?oii, iaaiaee, a?aei?/a?oueny a?eueoa cono??/i?noue
naioe?a, ui, i/aaeaeii, iia’ycaii c ?o cia/ii aeuith aeoeai?noth. Ui
noino?oueny iiioeyoe?? iie?aee ni?aiai?, oi a ?? neeaae? ia?aaaaeathoue
naiee a on?o a?eiaeo a?oiao, a a iiioeyoe?e iie?aie aiaeyii?, iaei?
aiaeyii? ? iie?aee–aeiiiiee a?aei?/aii aeii?ioaaiiy naioe?a a on?o
a?eiaeo a?oiao.

7.3. A?eiaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e aa??oiiieo aeae?a a?ecoi?a

Aiae?co?oueny a?eiaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e 8 aeae?a: ieoae – iieueiai?,
e?niai?, aeiaoiai?ei? ? iaei?, iie?aie – oaiii?, i?aecaiii?, cae/aeii? ?
?oaei?.

7.4. A?eiaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e neiaio?iiieo aeae?a a?ecoi?a

?icaeyaea?oueny a?eiaa no?oeoo?a uo?a n??iai ? ieo? oaoiuei?. Iiioeyoe?y
uo?a n??iai, yea i?eo?i/aia aei ianaeaieo ioieo?a, ainaie, ceiith ?
?aiiueith aaniith o nai?io neeaae? ia? a?eueoa aei?ineeo iniaei, a
ae?oeo, iaaiaee, aiia oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ia?aaaaeaiiyi iieiaeeo ?
iai?aaei?ineeo ca??e?a.

O neeaae? iiioeyoe?? ieo? oaoiuei? o ianaeaieo ioieoao aceieo aei?ine?
iniaeie neeaaeathoue 49,3%, a iieiae? ? iai?aaei?ine? – 50,7% c
iacia/iei ia?aaaaeaiiyi naioe?a. O iieueiaeo a?ioiiao ae?oeo
aeii?iothoue iieiae? ? iai?aaei?ine? (54,1%) ca??ee.

7.5. Aeeiai?ea a?eiai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e ye oaeoi? i?e?iaaiethoe?eieo
ia?aoai?aiue

O i?ioean? i?e?iaaiethoe?? o iiioeyoe?yo ??cieo aeae?a oaa?ei aeieeee
niaoe?aeuei? aaeaioeai? iaoai?cie aeey i?iaeeaaiiy o ??cieo oiiaao
na?aaeiaeua. Iaeiei c iniiaieo oaeeo aeieia?/ieo i?enoinoaaiue
iiioeyoe?e ? aeeiai?ea ?o a?eiai? no?oeoo?e ?c naciiiith oa ??/iith
niaoeeo?eith.

A?eueo?noue aeine?aeaeoaaieo iaie aeae?a a?ecoi?a a?aecia/athoueny
aenieith ieiaeth/?noth, i?e oeueiio o?eaae?noue aeeooy ie?aieo iieie?iue
nyaa? a iniiaiiio aeaio, ??aeei o?ueio ?ie?a. Ca oeae /an noaoaaic??e?
iniaeie ie?aieo aeae?a aeathoue ??cio e?euee?noue iieie?iue, eiaeia c
yeeo i?ioyaii aeeoo?aiai oeeeeo aeeaa o ??cieo aeieia?/ieo ? oeaiioe/ieo
oiiaao, ye? i?yii aai iina?aaeiuei aieeaathoue ia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
a?eiaeo a?oi, ?iciiiaeaiiy ? nia?oi?noue oaa?ei. Iai?eeeaae,
ia?aceioaae? noaoaaic??e? iniaeie ieo? aeiaoiai?ei? c ea?iaonueei?
iiioeyoe?? i?ioyaii ?ieo i?iaeoeothoue o?e iieie?iiy (?en. 1). Ia?oa
iieie?iiy oeueiaie?oie aeeth/a? o?e aaia?aoe??, aai aeieiaee – o o?aai?,
eeii? ? aa?ani?. O?aaiaaa aaia?aoe?y ia?oiai iieie?iiy oeueiaie?oie,
aeinyaioaoe noaoaai? c??eino?, i?eiineoue aeaa aeieiaee – o eeii? ?
aa?ani?, a eeiiaaa aaia?aoe?y ia?oiai iieie?iiy oeueiaie?oie a?aeoai?th?
o aa?ani? iiaa iieie?iiy. I, ia?aoo?, eeiiaaa aaia?aoe?y ae?oaiai
iieie?iiy i?iaeoeo? o aa?ani? o?ao? iieie?iiy c iaei??th aaia?aoe??th.
Oaeei /eiii, an? aiie aeeaooue o ??cieo aeieia?/ieo oiiaao. Iiae?aia
ea?oeia ci?i iieie?iue oa?aeoa?ia ? aeey a??nueeeo iiioeyoe?e iie?aie —
oaiii?, ?oaei? ? i?aecaiii?.

O ??aieiieo oiiaao oe? i?ioeane i?ioiaeyoue neeaaei?oa. Cie?aia,
ia?aceioaae? iniaeie ieo? aeiaoiai?ei? c e?ninoaiiai? iiioeyoe?? aei
e?ioey iioi/iiai ?ieo i?iaeoeothoue 4 iieie?iiy, ia?oa c yeeo aeeth/a? 4
aaia?aoe??, ae?oaa iieie?iiy – a?aeiia?aeii 6 aaia?aoe?e, o?ao? ?
/aoaa?oa iieie?iiy oeueiaie?oie neeaaea?oueny c iaei??? in?iiuei?
aaia?aoe??.

Noaia a?aeoai?aiiy ea?iaonueei? iiioeyoe?? iie?aee cae/aeii? iiae?aia
aei ea?iaonueei? iiioeyoe?? ieo? aeiaoiai?ei?, aea /?oei a?ae??ciy?oueny
a?ae noaie a?aeoai?aiiy e?ninoaiiai? iiioeyoe??. Ia?aceioaae? iniaeie
iie?aee cae/aeii? i?ioyaii ?ieo i?eiinyoue a na?aaeiueiio i’youe
iieie?iue. Ia?oa c ieo aeeth/a? 5 aaia?aoe?e, ae?oaa ? o?ao? iieie?iiy
oeueiaie?oie i?iaeoeothoue ii 10 aaia?aoe?e, /aoaa?oa iieie?iiy – 5
aaia?aoe?e ? i’yoa iieie?iiy neeaaea?oueny c iaei??? in?iiuei?
aaia?aoe?? (?en. 2).

?icaeyaeath/e aeeiai?eo a?eiai? no?oeoo?e a naciiiiio aniaeo?, ie
aa/eii, ui a ea?iaonueeeo iiioeyoe?e ieo? aeiaoiai?ei? ? iie?aee
cae/aeii? aaniyi? aaia?aoe?? neeaaeathoue 14,3% oeueiaie?oie, e?oi?
28,6% e in?ii? – 57,1% O e?ninoaiiai? iiioeyoe?? ieo? aeiaoiai?ei?
aaniyi? aaia?aoe?? aeathoue 6,7% oeueiaie?oie, e?oi? – 40,0%, in?ii?
53,3%. O iie?aie cae/aeieo c e?ninoaiiaeo ?aeii?a ia /anoeo aaniyieo
aaia?aoe?e i?eiaaea? 9,6% oeueiaie?oie, e?oi?o – 13,0% e in?ii?o –
77,4%.

Oaeei /eiii, o naciiieo a?eiaeo niaeo?ao iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a iaeneioi
iieiaeeo ca??e?a i?eiaaea? ia in?ii?e ia??iae. Ainaie iieiae? iniaeie
ciooai? ?icnaethaaoenue o iacanaeai? i?noeaia?aaoaaiiy. A ?acoeueoao?
i?a?aoe?? aaaaoi iieiaeeo ca??e?a aeia (ii?aeaiiy oeaeaeaie oa ?io?
oaeoi?e). Iniaeeai aaeeea ae?i?iaoe?y a?aeaoaa?oueny a ceiiaee ia??iae.

?en. 1. Noaie a?aeoai?aiiy ia?aceioaaeeo iniaei ea?iaonueei? ?
e?ninoaiiai? iiioeyoe?? ieo? aeiaoiai?ei?.

?en. 2. Noaie a?aeoai?aiiy ia?aceioaaeeo iniaei ea?iaonueei? ?
e?ninoaiiai? iiioeyoe?? iie?aee cae/aeii?.

O ?acoeueoao? ceiiai? ae?i?iaoe?? oaa?ei iieie?iiy, ye? ia?aceioaaee
iaeio ceio, aea? (a ??aeei – o?e) ceie a ?acoeueoao? i?e?iaeiiai
a?aeai?o aeathoue, ia iaoo aeoieo, a?eueo aeeoo?caeaoia ? i?enoiniaaia
aei eiie?aoieo oiia na?aaeiaeua iioiinoai. Ca ?. ??eeaonii (1979), oae?
iiioeyoe?? caeaoi? aei aaiethoe?eieo ci?i, iiaeeo?eaoe?? aaiaoe/iiai
neeaaeo oeyoii cai?uaiiy iniaei c iani?eyoeeaeie iciaeaie iniaeiaie ?c
ni?eyoeeaeie iciaeaie a i?ioean? i?e?iaeiiai aeiai?o, ui aaaea aei
noai?aiiy iiaeo aaeaioaoe?e oai, aea oeueiai aeiaaa? ci?iaia
na?aaeiaeua. Aeaiee i?ioean i?ecaiaeeoue aei ci?ie aaiaoe/ii? no?oeoo?e
iiioeyoe?e.

Iiaeia c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui aeeiai?ea a?eiai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e
??cieo aeae?a a?ecoi?a ? aaaeeeaei oaeoi?ii ?o i?e?iaaiethoe?eieo
ia?aoai?aiue.

?icae?e 8. AeEIAIIEA *ENAEUeIINOI IIIOEssOeIE A?ECOIIA

8.1. Iaeyae i?iaeaie

I?ae?icae?e i?noeoue aiae?c iniiaieo oai??e, iiynithth/eo aeeiai?eo
/enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?e oaa?ei (Iieyeia,1968; Aaoaieia,1972;
Aeeoi?ia,1973; Iaeoi,1986 oa ?i.).

8.2. Aeeiai?ea /enaeueiino? a?ecoi?a a aa?ioeaiicao

Aeaoaeueii iienai? aeaeiaee neeaae, naciiia ? ??/ia aeeiai?ea
/enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a ia iin?aao iceieo ? y?eo ca?iiaeo
eoeueoo?ao, aaaaoi??/ieo o?aaao.

8.3. Aeeiai?ea /enaeueiino? a?ecoi?a a /aaa?ieeiaeo ca?inoyo

Ainaie ? aceieo /aaa?ieeia? ca?ino? na?aae iie?a ? iaea?eueo
ni?eyoeeaeie i?noeaia?aaoaaiiyie aeey a?ecoi?a ye c oi/ee ci?o
caaacia/aiino? ei?iaie, oa ? noiaeu a?ae oeaeae?a. Naia oiio
/enaeuei?noue a?ecoi?a (ieoae – aeiaoiai?ei? ? iieueiai?, iie?aee
cae/aeii?) a oe? ia??iaee ooo aoaa? iaeaeuith.

8.4. Aeeiai?ea /enaeueiino? a?ecoi?a o e?niaeo oa?oiiaaiiyo

O aoeiyeao iania? ?iciiiaeaiiy a?ecoi?a niinoa??aathoueny a ?iee i?ney
?yniiai ieiaeiiioaiiy aoeiaeo ai??oe?a. Iae/enaeuei?oeie a oae? ?iee ?
ieoa aeiaoiai?ea ? iie?aea ?oaea. O niniyeao ? nia?a/ieeao aeii?ioth/ei
aeaeii aenooia? iie?aea ?oaea.

8.5. Aeeiai?ea /enaeueiino? a?ecoi?a o o?aa’yieo oa?oiiaaiiyo Ea?iao

Ae?aiacii eieeaaiue /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a o o?aa’yieo
oa?oiiaaiiyo Ea?iao aeineoue aenieee. Cie?aia, /enaeuei?noue iie?aee
oaiii? a /a?aiiieino?e/ieeao o ?iee ianiaiai ?iciiiaeaiiy ca?eueoo?oueny
a 30 ?ac?a, o uaaaeueieeao – a?aeiia?aeii a 12 ?ac?a, o /i?ie/ieeao – o
60 ?ac?a o ii??aiyii? c ?ieaie aeai?an??. Ae?aiacii eieeaaiue
/enaeueiino? iie?aee i?aecaiii? ua aeuee. Iai?eeeaae, a 1984 ? 1994 ??.
(?iee ianiaiai ?iciiiaeaiiy) /enaeuei?noue iiioeyoe?? iie?aee i?aecaiii?
aoea a?aeiia?aeii a 60 ? 27 ?ac?a aeuith o ii??aiyii? c ?ieii aeai?an??
(1975).

?icae?e 9. OOIEOeIIIAEUeIA ?IEUe IIIOEssOeIE A?ECOIIA A AEINENOAIAO

Aea/aiiy ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie? iiioeyoe?e aaoa?io?ioieo i?aai?ci?a o
??cieo a?iaaioeaiicao ? i?e?iaeieo ciiao ia? aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy aeey
?ic?iaee oai??? iioei?caoe?? ? noaeiai ?icaeoeo aeinenoai. O ca’yceo c
oeei aaaaoueia aeine?aeieeaie cia/ia oaaaa i?eae?ey?oueny
a?iaia?aaoeoe?, ye iaeiiio c iaae?eieo e?eoa???a ioe?iee ?ie? oaa?ei a
aeinenoaiao (Aoi?ia,1968; Aaaia?,1974; Iaeoi,1986 ? ?i.). I?ioa,
eiiieaeni? aia?aaoe/i? ioe?iee ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie? oaa?ei a
aeinenoaiao a e?oa?aoo?? aeoaea neaai aena?oeai?.

Iaie aia?oa a oiiaao Oe?a?ie ia iniia? canoinoaaiiy eaei?eiao?e/ieo ?
eiiaeoeoiiao?e/ieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiue (?oaeeoei, 1975, 1979)
iiaoaeiaai? aia?aaoe/i? aaeainia? iiaeae? ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie?
iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a a aeinenoaiao. Aeey oe??? iaoe aecia/ai? aia?aaoe/i?
ia?aiao?e a?iiane iniaei a?ecoi?a, ?o ei?i?a, i?iaeoeo?a aeae?eaiue oa
aaciiai?io.

9.1. A?iiana a?ecoi?a ? ?? aia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea

A?iiana iniaei ie?aieo aeae?a a?ecoi?a ? ?? aia?aaoe/i? iieacieee
eieeaathoueny a caeaaeiino? a?ae a?eo, noao?, “aaiaeiaaiino?” oaa?ei oa
eiie?aoieo aeieia?/ieo oiia. Cie?aia, a?iiana iniaei ea?iaonueei?
iiioeyoe?? a?eee noaiiaeoue 93,3±2,7 a aaniethoii nooi? ?a/iaeie, ui
aei??aith? 350,9±12,4 eeae (ooo ? aeae? a?iiana iniaei, ei?io,
i?iaeoeo?a aeae?eaiue iiaeathoueny a aaniethoii nooiio noai?). A?iiana
iniaei ea?iaonueeeo iiioeyoe?e aia/e?a eieeaa?oueny a iaaeao 4,8±0,1
(aia/ie ai??oeiaee) – 5,8±0,3 a (aia/ie e?niaee), ui a aia?aaoe/ieo
iieacieeao noaiiaeoue 24,0±0,9 eeae ? 28,5 ±1,7 eeae.

O ii??aiyii? c aia/eaie a iiioeyoe?e ieoae oe? iieacieee ? aeaui aeueie:
o ieo? e?niai? na?aaeiy iana iniaei aei??aith? 6,2±0,2 a (31,1±1,1
eeae), ieo? aeiaoiai?ei? a?aeiia?aeii – 8,0±0,3 a aai 40,5±1,4 eeae.
Iana iniaei ea?iaonueei? iiioeyoe?? ieo?aee e?niai? ? ?? aia?aaoe/i?
ia?aiao?e aeineoue iecuee? – 3,1±0,1 a ? 15,5±0,3 eeae. O aeena?oaoe??
iiaeai? aia?aaoe/i? ioe?iee a?iiane iniaei iiioeyoe?e e ?ioeo aeae?a.
E??i i?aeiiioeyoe?eieo, aeacai? oaeiae aioo??oiueiiiioeyoe?ei?
a?aei?iiino? a aia?aaoe/ieo iieacieeao a?iiane iniaei caeaaeii a?ae a?eo
? noao? oaa?ei.

9.2. Aia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea ei?i?a

Aenia?eiaioaeueii aecia/ai? aeiaia? ?aoe?iie ei?i?a ? ?o eaei??ei?noue
aeey oiiiaeo aeae?a a?ecoi?a-o?oioaa?a, a oaeiae naciiia aeeiai?ea
niiaeeaaiiy ei?i?a o ca’yceo c? ci?iith ?o eaei??eiino?.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui iana aeiaiaiai ei?iiaiai ?aoe?iio aeey aei?ineeo iniaei
ea?iaonueei? iiioeyoe?? iie?aee ?oaei? eieeaa?oueny a iaaeao 2,8-3,6 a,
ui a?aeiia?aea? 12,4-15,6 eeae. Aeey iniaei ea?iaonueei? iiioeyoe??
iie?aee oaiii? aeiaiaee ?aoe?ii ei?i?a nyaa? 6,7-8,9 a, aai 30,2-39,6
eeae. Ie?ai? iniaeie e?ninoaiiai? iiioeyoe?? iie?aee cae/aeii?
niiaeeaathoue ca aeiao a na?aaeiueiio 4,6 a ?ineeiieo ei?i?a, ui
a?aeiia?aea? 20,5 eeae.

9.3. Aia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea aaciiai?io ? aeae?eaiue

Aaciiai?i a?ecoi?a c ioi/oth/ei na?aaeiaeuai cae?enith?oueny oeyoii
niiaeeaaiiy eenith ? aeae?eaiiy aoaeaeeneiai aaco. Eenaiue aeo?a/a?oueny
a i?aai?ci? ia ??ci? a?io?i?/i? i?ioeane ? ia aea? “aeoieo” aia?a??,
caoa aiia ooai?th?oueny i?e aeae?eaii? NI2.

Iaoeie aeine?aeaeaiiyie anoaiiaeaii, ui ?ioaineai?noue aeae?eaiiy
aoaeaeeneiai aaco o ??cieo aeae?a iaiaeiaeiaa. Cie?aia, o ea?iaonueei?
iiioeyoe?? iie?aee oaiii? aeae?eaiiy NI2 eieeaa?oueny a iaaeao a?ae
174,7-276,7 (I-234,9) aei 269,4-284,6 (I-274,1) ? 204,1-250,6 (I-227,0)
ia/aiae. A iie?aee ?oaei? iieacieee aeae?eaiiy NI2 aeaui ieae/? –
141,1-179,6 (I-156,4) – 227,0-285,2 (I-281,2) ia/aiae, a oie /an ye o
iie?aee ni?aiai? aiie aeyaeeenue naieie aenieeie 365,8-394,9 (I-379,3)
ia/aiae.

Ei?enooth/enue oa?iio?i?/iei ??aiyiiyi (Ae?iea, 1970), eaaei aeaoe
aia?aaoe/io ioe?ieo i?ioeanai aeeoaiiy (a aecioa?i?/i?e ?aaeoe?? ia
ooai?aiiy iaei??? a?ai-iieaeoee NI2 aeo?a/a?oueny 94 eeae). A iaoeo
aeine?aeaeaiiyo aia?aaoe/i? iieacieee aeae?eaiiy aoaeaeeneiai aaco a
??cieo aeae?a ci?iththoueny o a?aeiia?aeiino? aei iane ?o o?ea ? a
aeaye?e i??? – noaoaaeie ??cieoeyie. Oae, ie?ai? iniaeie ea?iaonueei?
iiioeyoe?? ieo? aeiaoiai?ei? ae?oeo aeae?eythoue a na?aaeiueiio
149,4-205,2 ia/aiae aoaeaeeneiai aaco, ui aei??aith? 0,32-0,43 eeae. A
iie?aee oaiii? a oiiaao Ea?iao oe? iieacieee ae?oeo nyaathoue a
na?aaeiueiio 234,8 ia/aiae, a ainaie – 277,1 ia/aiae, ui a?aeiia?aea?
0,50-0,59 eeae. Iie?aea ni?aiaa aeae?ey? NI2 ua a?eueoa – 379,3 ia/aiae
(0,83 eeae). A?aeiia?aeia niaoeeo?ea aaciiai?io a?aei?/aia ? a ?ioeo
aeae?a.

E??i aoaeaeeneiai aaco a?ecoie aeae?eythoue a ioi/oth/a na?aaeiaeua
aene?aiaioe (oaeae??, na/o). A aeine?aeaeoaaieo iaie aeae?a a?ecoi?a
iaeei a?ai aaniethoii nooeo aene?aiaio?a i?e niaethaaii? a
eaei?eiao?e/i?e aiia? aea? 3110–4896 eae. Ca iaeio aeiao ie?ai? iniaeie
ieoae aeae?eythoue 1,6-3,5 a, a uo? n??ee – 22,2 a aene?aiaio?a, ui
a?aeiia?aea? 5,2-11,6 ? 79,5 eeae. Iniaeie ??cieo aeae?a iie?aie
aeae?eythoue ca aeiao 1,6-4,2 a aene?aiaio?a, ui aei??aith? 5,4-14,8
eeae.

9.4. Caaaeueia aia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea cia/aiiy iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a a
aeinenoaiao

Aeoiaey/e c aia?aaoe/ieo ioe?iie a?iiane iniaei a?ecoi?a, niiaeeaaieo
ieie ei?i?a, aaciiai?io ? i?iaeoeo?a aeae?eaiue, aeey ie?aieo aeae?a
ieoae ? iie?aie iaie ?ic?iaeai? ??/i? aaeainia? aia?aaoe/i? iiaeae?
ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie? iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a a aeinenoaiao. Iai?eeeaae,
iaeia iie?aea oaiia a ??/iiio aaeain? ia? aaniethoii nooo iano o?ea a
na?aaeiueiio 7 a?ai, ui aei??aith? 32 eeae, ?? ei?i ca oeae ia??iae
neeaaea? a?aeiia?aeii 2,857 ea, ui a?aeiia?aea? 12,713 oen. eeae,
aene?aiaioe – 1,538 ea – 5,396 oen. eeae, aeae?eaiee aoaeaeeneee aac –
2,056 ea – 4,230 oen. eeae. Iaaiaeyoueny aeai? aeey ?ioeo aeae?a. Ia ?o
iniia? aecia/aia ooieoe?iiaeueia ?ieue iiioeyoe?e ie?aieo aeae?a
a?ecoi?a a caeaaeiino? a?ae ?o /enaeueiino? o ??cieo aeinenoaiao. Aeey
i?eeeaaeo iiaea?ii oae? aeai? aeey iiioeyoe?? iie?aee oaiii? (oaae.).

9.5. O/anoue a?ecoi?a o eiini?oe?yo

Eiini?oeai? ca’ycee a?ecoi?a, ye ? ?ioeo oaa?ei, aeaoaeueii aea/ai? ia
i?eeeaae? uaaaey aeuei?enueeiai (Rumex alp?nus L.).

Anoaiiaeaii, ui aeaoa?i?iaio eiini?oe?? uaaaeue aeuei?enueeee
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aenieith i?iaeoeoeai?noth: eiai iaaecaiia o?oiiana
nyaa? 862,2 a/ea.i, a i?aecaiia – 430,0 a/ea.i, eenoy neeaaeathoue
45-60% iaaecaiii? o?oiiane. Iaeei aaia?aoeaiee iaa?i i?iaeoeo? aei
1,6-2,0 oen. c??eiai ian?iiy aai a?ey 16 oen. oo. ian?iei ia 1 ea.i. Ana
oea noai?th? ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey eiini?o?a – aaco?aaaoieo ? o?aaaoieo
oaa?ei.

Na?aae o?aaaoieo oaa?ei o eiini?oeaieo ca’yceao aa?ooue o/anoue 43
aeaee: aio?a?? – 3 aeaee, ?aioee?? – 2, ioaoe – 22, nnaaoe? 16. Aei
ia?oiai eiioeaio?o iaeaaeaoue ieo? – e?niaa ? aeiaoiai?ea, ye? ca’ycai?
c aeaoa?i?iaioii o?io?/ii a ia??iae aeic??aaiiy ian?iiy. Uo? n??ee ?
iie?aea aiaeyia iaea aoiaeyoue o neeaae on?o ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo
eiini?oe?e uaaaey aeuei?enueeiai, ii?aeath/e eiai ei?aiaaeua. I?ioyaii
onueiai ?ieo c? uaaaeai o?io?/ii ? oii?/ii ca’ycai? iie?aee oaiia ?
i?aecaiia, ye? caeaaeii a?ae ia??iaeo ?ieo aoiaeyoue aei neeaaeo ??cieo
ia?ieiini?oe?e. Cie?aia, iie?aea i?aecaiia i?ioyaii aaaaoaoe?eiiai
ia??iaeo ii?aea? eenoy an?o a?eiaeo noai?a. a oie /an ye iie?aea oaiia
a?aeaea? ia?aaaao noaaeai. Iaeneeaaei?oee ae?oaee eiioeaio?, nnaaoe?
yeiai aoiaeyoue aei neeaaeo ia?ieiini?oe?e iniaei uaaaey on?o a?eiaeo
noai?a.

Ca iaoeie aeaieie, na?aaeiy /enaeuei?noue o?aaaoieo oaa?ei o uaaaeueieeo
a aaaaoaoe?eiee ia??iae neeaaea? 244 iniaei ia 1 aa, na?aae yeeo
aeii?iothoue a?ecoie: a ia?oiio eiioeaio?? aiie noaiiaeyoue 146 iniaei,
a ae?oaiio – 28.

Oaaeeoey 1.

Ooieoe?iiaeueia ?ieue iiioeyoe?? oaiii? iie?aee a ??cieo aeinenoaiao
Ea?iao i?ioyaii ?ieo ia 1 aa (iana a ea – a aaniethoii nooiio noai?

Iieacieee Iaeeieoe? aei???a *i?ie/iee *a?aiii-eino?e/iee A?eiaoniee

*enaeuei?noue Iniaeie 41 32 16

A?iiana ea 0,33 0,29 0,11

eeae 1549,50 1209,30 593,30

Ei?i ea 87,54 68,32 33,87

eeae 521230,90 406814,40 203407,20

Aeae?eaiiy aoaeaeeneiai ea 91,94 77,69 35,21

aaco eeae 196041,00 165378,00 75069,00

Aene?aiaioe ea 53,87 42,05 20,63

eeae 221182,00 172630,00 84680,00

Caian o?oiiane iaeiiai aeaoa?i?iaioa ?iaeea?aeoaeueii? a?eiai?
eiini?oe?? aeoaea aaeeeee: 0,8o10 – 2,0o10 ia. A?i neoaeeoue aacith
eiini?oe?? ? caaacia/o? ii?iaeueia ?nioaaiiy i?aai?ci?a ia?oiai
eiioeaio?a, yeee, a naith /a?ao, ? iniiaith aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? eiini?o?a
ae?oaiai eiioeaio?o. Iayai?noue nenoaia-oe/ii ??ciiiai?oieo i?aai?ci?a
ae?oaiai eiioeaio?a o?eia? a iaaieo iaaeao /enaeuei?noue o?oioaa?a –
i?aai?ci?a ia?oiai eiioeaio?a. I?aai?cie o?aoueiai eiioeaio?a
eiio?ieththoue /enaeuei?noue eiini?o?a ye ia?oiai, oae ? ae?oaiai
eiioeaio??a, ui na?ae/eoue i?i aaeaioeaiee oa?aeoa? eiini?oeaieo
ca’yce?a.

?icae?e 10. AEIEIAI-AIIEIAI*II IAA?OIOOAAIIss CAOIAeIA AI?IOUeAE C
OEIAeEEAEIE A?ECOIAIE E IOI?IIA ?IAeEINIEO I EI?ENIEO AEAeIA

10.1. Nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae aei oi?aae?iiy iiioeyoe?yie oe?aeeeaeo a?ecoi?a

I?aai?caoe?y aoaeoeaieo caoiae?a ai?ioueae c oe?aeeeaeie a?ecoiaie
iiaeiia aacoaaoenue ia nenoaiiiio i?aeoiae?, i?e yeiio iiioeyoe??
?icaeyaeathoueny ye iaa?ae’?ii? /anoeie eiie?aoieo a?iaaioeaiic?a /e
aa?ioeaiic?a. Oiio ai?ioueao c a?ecoiaie iio??aii aanoe c oaeei
?ic?aooieii, uia ia ni?e/eieoe oeiaee ?ioei ei?eniei aeaeai oaa?ei.

Oe?e? oi?aae?iiy iiioeyoe?yie ?aae?cothoueny ia aac? nenoaiiiai
i?aeoiaeo,

10.2. I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy a?ecoi?a

Ia eiie?aoieo oeeo?iaeo oaeoe/ieo iaoa??aeao iieacaia ?ieue a?ecoi?a o
eiioiaeueiiio, n?euenueeiio ? e?niaiio ainiiaea?noaao. Iaaaaeai? aeai?
uiaei /enaeueiino? oe?aeeeaeo aeae?a ? ni?e/eithaaieo ieie caeoe?a.

Aiae?co?oueny ai?ciioieia?/ia e ai?aeai?ieia?/ia ?ieue a?ecoi?a ye
iin??a ??cieo ia?aceo?a (aeioe, ee?u?, aio? oa ?i.) – ia?aiiniee?a
iaaacia/ieo caoai?thaaiue ethaeae, aeeeeo ? na?enueeeo oaa?ei.

10.3. Caoiaee ai?ioueae c oe?aeeeaeie a?ecoiaie

Ei?ioeee iien i?io?eaeoe/ieo ? aeieuoaaeueieo caoiae?a ai?ioueae c
oe?aeeeaeie a?ecoiaie a eiie?aoieo oiiaao. Ia iniia? aaaaoi??/ieo
aeina?ae?a ai?ioueae c oe?aeeeaeie a?ecoiaie i?iiiio?oueny iaoiae
ianiaiai e iaeii/aniiai cieuaiiy oe?aeeeaeo aeae?a ia iieyo ? a
ianaeaieo ioieoao, a oaeiae ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny oe?oa i?aeoeeoaaoe cieuaiiy
a?ecoi?a i?ae /an i?aiee ca o?aeoi?ii. Ic o?i?/ieo cania?a o ai?iouea? c
a?ecoiaie ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny canoiniaoaaoe aoaeoeai? ? aacia/i? aeey
ethaeeie ? na?enueeeo oaa?ei i?aia?aoe – ooi?oaiaoeii ? aeeoaiaeoi, a c
a?ieia?/ieo – ca?iiaee ? ca?iie?niee aaeoa?iaeaioeeaee.

10.4. I?iaiic /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?e oe?aeeeaeo aeae?a a?ecoi?a ?
i?aai?caoe?y ai?ioueae c ieie

*enaeuei?noue a?ecoi?a a aa?ioeaiicao eieeaa?oueny ii naciiao ? ?ieao,
aiia iaoiiaeaia aiaeiaaiieie e aeciaaiieie oaeoi?aie, a oaeiae
ainiiaea?nueeith ae?yeuei?noth ethaeeie. I?e neeaaeaii? i?iaiic?a ne?ae
a?aoiaoaaoe an? oe? oaeoi?e, iniaeeai caa?oa?oueny oaaaa ia iiioeyoe?eio
no?oeoo?o aeae?a. I?iiiio?oueny aeaa aa??aioe i?iaiicoaaiiy /enaeueiino?
oe?aeeeaeo a?ecoi?a a aa?ioeaiicao: aaniyiee (a ia?o?e iieiaei? aa?aciy)
– ia in?iue a?aeo/iai ?ieo e in?ii?e (a ae?oa?e iieiaei? aeiaoiy) – ia
ianooiiee ??e.

10.5. Ioi?iia iiioeyoe?e ??aee?nieo ? ei?enieo aeae?a a?ecoi?a

Caa?aaeaiiy aaiioiiaeo ??aee?nieo ? ei?enieo aeae?a nnaaoe?a, a oiio
/ene? ? a?ecoi?a, iaiiaeeeaa aac caa?aaeaiiy ?o a?ioii?a, aai
i?noeaia?aaoaaiue, ye? a inoaii? ?iee a iane?aeie aio?iiiaaiieo aieea?a
iino?eii nei?i/othoueny. Oea oi?ea?oueny oaeeo oe?iieo aeae?a ye aiaa?
??/eiaee ? iiaeao?a. A aaaaoueio aia?iaeo oa?aeaeyo Iie?nny acaeiaae
eaiae?a oa ?ioeo aiaeiei a inoaii? ?iee ?ioaineaii ae?oaothoue aea?aaa ?
/aaa?ieee a i?ioean? e?ni?ic?iaie, a aeey ?icoe?aiiy n?iiaeaoae
cieuothoue /aaa?ieeia? ca?ino?, ye? ? caoenoii ? ei?iii aeey oeeo
oaa?ei. A ?acoeueoao? aia?e ciooai? ia?anaethaaoenue a iaio ei?iia? ?
caoeni? oiiae, aea /anoi noathoue caeiae//th a?aeiiue???a. Iiae?aia
neooaoe?y aeaeyaea? ? c iiaeao?ith. Ca iaoeie iae?eaie, ?ai?oa
/enaeuei?noue iiaeao?e a ni?eyoeeaeo aeey ia? i?noeaia?aaoaaiiyo (?aeiie
Iie?nny, E?ninoaio) aoea iaeaea iioeiaeueiith, a a inoaii? ?iee ia
a?eueoino? aiaeiei oe? oe?ii? ooo?ia? ca??? iiai?noth cieeee. Iniiai?
i?e/eie – a?aeiiue??noai, aeeiooaaiiy aiaeii-aa?aaiai? ?ineeiiino?,
oaeoi? oo?aoaaiiy.

C iaoith ioi?iie, ca?eueoaiiy /enaeueiino? aia?a e iiaeao?e ne?ae a cii?
Iie?nny i?aai?coaaoe aia?iai-iiaeao?ia? caeacieee, ana?aaeei? yeeo, a
oaeiae o aooa?ieo ciiao caai?iieoe ?oaee e?niaeo eoeueoo? ? /aaa?iee?a,
iineeeoe ioi?iio oeeo oaa?ei. Oea aeanoue iiaeeea?noue ??cei ca?eueoeoe
/enaeuei?noue oeeo oaa?ei ? ni?eyoeia ?o ?icnaeaiith a ?io?
aiaeii-aieioi? oa?aeaey.

A inoaii? ?iee o ca’yceo c a?aenooi?noth aeoieenoeo aea?aa iii?oii
ciaioo?oueny /enaeuei?noue a?eee a e?niaeo a?iaaioeaiicao. Aeey
i?eaaaethaaiiy a?eie aeioe?eueii ?ica?ooaaoe ia aea?aaao niaoe?aeuei?
aeoieyiee.

Iaiao?aeii iineeeoe ioi?iio oaeeo ??aee?nieo aeae?a oaa?ei ? i?noeue ?o
ia?aaoaaiiy ye: an? o?e aeaee ne?iae?a, ieo?aea noaiiaa, oia?ao
?a?iiaenueeee, iie?aea ni?aiaa.

AENIIAEE

1. Ia oa?eoi??? cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie aaaaoi??/ieie
aeine?aeaeaiiyie ioiieaii 32 aeaee a?ecoi?a, na?aae yeeo aeii?iaioaie ?
o?noue aeae?a (ieo? – oaoiy, iieueiaa ? aeiaoiai?ea, uo? n??ee, iie?aee
– cae/aeia ? ?oaea), ?aooa 26 aeae?a a?aeiinyoueny aei noaaeii?iaio?a,
??aee?nieo ? aeoaea ??aee?nieo aeae?a, aeaye? c ieo caianai? o *a?aiio
eieao Oe?a?ie (oia?ao ?a?iiaenueeee, aia/ie naaeiaee, ieo?aea noaiiaa,
iie?aee – ni?aiaa ? aiaeyia iaea, ne?iaee – iiae?euenueeee, a??nueeee oa
aoeiaeinueeee). I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c caeiiii??iinoae ?o iioe?aiiy,
iniaeeainoae aeeaeaiiy, ?iciiiaeaiiy oa ieiaeth/ino?, a?iaaioeaiioe/ieo
ca’yce?a, ia?aceoioaoie oa ainiiaea?nueeiai cia/aiiy.

2. A?ioii?/ia ?ici?uaiiy ? /enaeuei?noue iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a
a?aecia/athoueny nai?th niaoeeo?eith caeaaeii a?ae ??cieo aeieia?/ieo
oiia.

2.1. O e?niaeo a?ioiiao on?o i?e?iaeii-aaia?ao?/ieo ?aeii?a aeii?iaioaie
? ieoa aeiaoiai?ea oa iie?aea ?oaea. Ia Iie?nn? na?aae 7 aeae?a a?ecoi?a
o aieiaeo niniyeao iie?aea ?oaea noaiiaeoue 73%, o a?eueoiyeao – 66,7%,
a ieoa aeiaoiai?ea – a?aeiia?aeii 12,5 ? 12%. O aeoaiaeo e?nao
e?ninoaiiaeo ?aeii?a ca /enaeuei?noth na?aae 8 aeae?a a?ecoi?a ieoa
aeiaoiai?ea noaiiaeoue 40,8%, iie?aea ?oaea – 39,8%. O Ea?iaonueeeo
e?nao aeine?aeaeaii 12 aeae?a a?ecoi?a, na?aae yeeo o aoeiaeo e?nao ieoa
aeiaoiai?ea noaiiaeoue 40,2%, iie?aea ?oaea – 21,8%, o oie /an ye o
nia?aeiaeo oeaiicao ca /enaeuei?noth ia?aaaaea? iie?aea ?oaea (61,1 –
75,2%).

2.2. *aaa?ieeia? a?ioiie Iie?nny ? E?ninoaio canaeai? 6-7 aeaeaie
a?ecoi?a, na?aae yeeo iae/enaeuei?oeie ? ieo? – iieueiaa ? aeiaoiai?ea,
iie?aea cae/aeia, o oie /an ye o /aaa?ieeao I?eea?iaooy na?aae 10 aeae?a
a?ecoi?a aeii?iaioaie ? iie?aee – i?aecaiia, cae/aeia ? ?oaea, ieo? –
iieueiaa ? aeiaoiai?ea.

2.3. O eo/ieo a?ioiie Iie?nny ? E?ninoaio na?aae 7 aeae?a a?ecoi?a
iae/enaeuei?oeie ? iie?aea cae/aeia (42,6 – 64,2%) oa ieoa iieueiaa
(32,3 ? 15,8%). Ia eoeao I?eea?iaooy ?c 9 aeae?a a?ecoi?a ca
/enaeuei?noth iie?aea cae/aeia noaiiaeoue 44%, a ieoa iieueiaa – 27,6%.
Ia eoeao Ea?iao iae/enaeuei?oeie ? iie?aea cae/aeia (ianea Ai?aeaaa) oa
iie?aee – oaiia ? i?aecaiia (ianea *i?iiai?a).

2.4. ?ici?uaiiy ? /enaeuei?noue a?ecoi?a o iieueiaeo a?ioiiao caeaaeeoue
a?ae niaoeeo?ee ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, ae?iuoaaiiy ??cieo
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo?, ?o aeiaeyaeo, oa?i?i?a cae?aiiy oa
aeieia?/ieo oiia i?e?iaeii-aaia?ao?/ieo cii.

3. Iiioeyoe?y a?ecoi?a i?eeia?oueny iaie ye neeaaeia naii?aaoeyoe?eia
nenoaia, aeaiaioa?ia iaeeieoey aaiethoe??, yea caeaoia i?aeo?eioaaoe
?nioaaiiy aeaeo ia a?aeiia?aeiiio ??ai?. Iiioeyoe?ei? iniaeeaino?
a?ecoi?a /?oei i?inoaaeothoueny i?e ?o ii??aiyeuei?e oa?aeoa?enoeoe? o
??cieo aeieia?/ieo oiiaao.

4. Iniaeie aeae?a a??nueeeo iiioeyoe?e iathoue eeoeiaee o?aeo aeiaoee o
ii??aiyii? c ??aieiieie iiioeyoe?yie, ui iiynith?oueny iniaeeainoyie
aeeaeaiiy, aaeaioaoe??th aei o?eaaeiai ceiiaiai ia??iaeo. Aeey
i?aeo?eiaiiy iaoaaie?cio iiioeyoe?? a?ecoi?a o ai?ao iiaeii?
“i?iionoeoe” /a?ac eeoeiaee o?aeo a?eueoa iaeieaei??eieo ei?i?a o
ii??aiyii? c iiioeyoe?yie ??aieiieo inaeeu, aea o?eaae?noue ceie
ei?iooa, a iiaeeai?noue ei?i?a aeua. I?inoaaeothoueny oaeiae ??cieoe? ?
a iieacieeao iane aioo??oi?o i?aai?a. Iai?eeeaae, na?aaeiy aaniethoia
iana ia/?iee a iniaei iiioeyoe?? ea?iaonueei? a?eee aei??aith? 8,40±0,60
a, ??aieiii? (Iie?nny) – 5,48± 1,40 a, a a ??cieo iiioeyoe?e ieo?
aeiaoiai?ei? a?aeiia?aeii – 1,35±0,10 a ? 0,94±0,10 a, oiaoi o a??nueeeo
iiioeyoe?e aaniethoi? iieacieee ia/?iee ? iaeaea o 1,5 ?ace aeueie o
ii??aiyii? c ??aieiieie iiioeyoe?yie. Oae? a?aei?iiino? i?ae
iiioeyoe?yie niinoa??aathoueny ? i?e aiae?c? a?aeiinieo ?iaeaen?a
aioo??oi?o i?aai?a. Cie?aia, a a??nueei? iiioeyoe?? ieo?aee e?niai?
aaniethoia iana ia/?iee nyaa? 0,66±0,10 a, a a?aeiinia 64,70±7,70%, a
oie /an ye o ??aieiii? iiioeyoe?? (Iie?nny) oe? iieacieee aei??aiththoue
a?aeiia?aeii 0,56±0,04 a ? 59,70±1,10%. Aiae?c ii?oio?c?ieia?/ieo
iniaeeainoae iiioeyoe?e oaa?ei c ??cieo /anoei a?aaeo aea? i?aenoaao
?icaeyaeaoe ?o ye aaeaioaoe?? aei eiie?aoieo aeieia?/ieo oiia.

5. Eaei?eiao?e/ieie ? eiiaeoeoiiao?e/ieie iaoiaeaie aeine?aeaeaiue
aecia/ai? aia?aaoe/i? ia?aiao?e a?iiane o?ea a?ecoi?a, ?o ei?i?a,
i?iaeoeo?a aeae?eaiue ? aaciiai?io. Anoaiiaeai? ca’ycee oaa?ei ?c
na?aaeiaeuai, ?o o/anoue o e?oaiia?ao ?a/iaei ? iioieao aia?a??, a
oaeiae iaa?oioiaaia ooieoe?iiaeueia ?ieue iiioeyoe?e oaa?ei a
aeinenoaiao. Anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e na?aaei?e ??/i?e /enaeueiino?
iiioeyoe?? ?oaei? iie?aee o nia?aeiaiio e?n? Ea?iao 21,5 iniaei ia 1 aa,
aaniethoii nooa iana iniaei ca ??e neeaaea? 0,11 ea aai 583,30 eeae,
ei?i – a?aeiia?aeii 28,16 ea aai 122,80 oen. eeae, aene?aiaioe – 15,30
ea aai 48,28 oen. eeae, aeae?eaiee aoaeaeeneee aac – 29,48 ea – 62,89
oen. eeae. Iaea?aeai? iaie aeai? uiaei a?iaia?aaoeee iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a
? iniiaith aeey iiaoaeiae aaeainiaeo iiaeaeae aia?aaoe/ii? ioe?iee
ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie? iiioeyoe?e o i?e?iaeieo ? aio?iiiaaiii ci?iaieo
aeinenoaiao.

6. Na?aae o?aaaoieo oaa?ei o eiini?oeaieo ca’yceao a?ecoie
a?ae?a?athoue aeii?iaioio ?ieue. Na?aaeiy /enaeuei?noue o?aaaoieo oaa?ei
o eiini?oe?? uaaaeueieea aeuei?enueeiai ae?oeo neeaaea? 244 iniaeie ia 1
aa, a oiio /ene? nnaaoe?a 210 iniaei. A ia?oiio eiioeaio?? a?ecoie
noaiiaeyoue 146 iniaei/aa, a ae?oaiio eiioeaio?? – 28 iniaei/aa. Ca
/enaeuei?noth na?aae o?aaaoieo oaa?ei a?ecoie a eiini?oe?? uaaaey
aeuei?enueeiai neeaaeathoue 71,3 %, a ca a?iianith – 70,3 %.

7. Aea/aia a?eiaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a ceiiniey/eo,
noaii-oiiieo, aa??oiiieo ? neiaio?iiieo aeae?a, a oaeiae aeaii
oai?aoe/ia iaa?oioo-aaiiy aeeiai?ee a?eiai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e ye
aaaeeeaiai oaeoi?a i?e?iaaiethoe?eieo ia?aoai?aiue. Cie?aia,
ia?aceioaae? iniaeie ea?iaonueeeo iiioeyoe?e ieo? aeiaoiai?ei? ? iie?aee
cae/aeii? i?eiinyoue ii o?e iieie?iiy oeueiaie?oie, na?aae yeeo
aaniyii-e?oi? aaia?aoe?? (aeieiaee) neeaaeathoue 42,9%, a in?ii? –
57,1%, o oie /an ye ia?aceioaae? iniaeie e?ninoaiiai? iiioeyoe?? ieo?
aeiaoiai?ei? i?eiinyoue 4 iieie?iiy oeueiaie?oie, aea ia aaniyii-e?oi?
aaia?aoe?? i?eiaaea? 46,7%, in?ii? – 53,3%. O ia?aceioaaeeo iniaei
e?ninoaiiai? iiioeyoe?? iie?aee cae/aeii? a?aei?/aii 5 iieie?iue
oeueiaie?oie, o yeeo ieoiia aaaa in?ii?o aaia?aoe?e nyaa? aeecueei 70%.
An? aiie ia?aaoaathoue o ??cieo aeieia?/ieo oiiaao. Iaeaeua ae?i?iaoe?y
aceieo i?ioiaeeoue na?aae iieiaeeo iniaei in?ii?o aaia?aoe?e.
Ia?aceioaae? iaeio ? a?eueoa cei iniaeie aeathoue aeeoo?caeaoia
iioiinoai, yea noeeueia aei aaiethoe?eieo ci?i, aaeaioaoe?e oa
iiaeeo?eaoe?e.

8. Aiae?c i?inoi?iai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e noaiioiiieo, aa??oiiieo ?
neiaio?iiieo aeae?a a?ecoi?a na?ae/eoue, ui a?ioii?/ia ??ciiiai?oi?noue
caeiaieo iiioeyoe?yie oa?eoi??e o i?ioean? aeeiai?ee /enaeueiino? ?
aeeoo?aeo oeeee?a a?ecoi?a i?enei?th? aaiethoe?eiee i?ioean, a
i?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a iiioeyoe?e ? iaeiei c iniiaieo oaeoi??a
i?e?iaaiethoe??. Oea i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny oei, ui ??ci? a?ioiie
a?ae??ciythoueny nai???aeieie eiiieaenaie aeeoo?aeo oiia. ??cieoe? i?ae
iiioeyoe?yie o ??cieo a?ioiiao oa?aeoa?ecothoueny ?o oaiioei?/iith
i?ieea?noth. Caaaeyee niaoeeo?oe? i?inoi?iaiai ?ici?uaiiy aeaiaioa?ieo
iinaeaiue i?ioiaeeoue iai?i aaiaoe/iei iaoa??aeii i?ae noaoaaic??eeie
iniaeiaie, a oaeiae i?aeaeuo?oueny aeeoo?a?noue iiioeyoe?e o ?acoeueoao?
ia?ai?uaiiy oaa?ei ??cieo noaoaaeo a?oi ? a?eiaeo noai?a.

Aeey ianiaeo aeae?a a?ecoi?a aeanoea? aeaa iniiai? oeie i?inoi?iai?
no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e: iica?/iee – i?e iecuee?e /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?? ?
aeeoociee – i?e aenie?e /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe??. Aeey a?eueoino? ?ioeo
aeae?a oa?aeoa?i? iica?/i? oeie i?inoi?iai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e.

9. Aeine?aeaeai? iaoa??aee aeathoue i?aenoaao cai?iiiioaaoe nenoaiiee
i?aeo?ae aei oi?aae?iiy iiioeyoe?yie oe?aeeeaeo, ei?enieo ? ??aee?nieo
aeae?a a?ecoi?a, i?e yeiio iiioeyoe?? ?icaeyaeathoueny ye iaa?ae’?ii?
/anoeie eiie?aoiiai a?iaaioeaiico. Oiio ai?ioueao c oe?aeeeaeie
a?ecoiaie iio??aii aanoe c oaeei ?ic?aooieii, uia ia caaaeaoe oeiaee
?ioei ei?eniei ? ??aee?niei aeaeai oaa?ei. Caa?aaeaiiy aaiioiiaeo
ei?enieo, ??aee?nieo ? aeoaea ??aee?nieo aeae?a oaa?ei ?aeiiaiaeo?ii
aacoaaoe ia aeeaieeo ciaiiyo ?o iiioeyoe?eii? no?oeoo?e,
a?iaaioeaiioe/ieo ca’yce?a, caeiiii??iinoae aeeiai?ee /enaeueiino?,
ooieoe?iiaeueieo iniaeeainoae oa iineeai?e ioi?ii? ?o a?ioii?a.

10. Iaea?aeai? aeai? i?i caeiiii??iino? a?ioii?/iiai ?ici?uaiiy
iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a, aeeiai?eo ?o /enaeueiino?, i?inoi?iao, a?eiao ?
noaoaao no?oeoo?e, a?iaia?aaoeeo, eiini?oeai? ca’ycee iiaeooue
iineoaeeoe aacith aeey ?icaeoeo oai??? i?e?iaaiethoe??,
no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueii? i?aai?caoe?? a?iaaioeaiic?a, a oaeiae
aeei?enoai? i?e ?ic?iaoe? iaoeiaeo iniia iioei?caoe?? aeinenoai ? ?o
noaeiai ?icaeoeo a oiiaao cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie.

INIIAII IIEIAEAIIss AeENA?OAOeI? IIOAEIEIAAII A OAEEO ?IAIOAO:

Iiiia?ao??:

?oaeeoei I.I. ?ici?uaiiy ? aeeiai?ea /enaeueiino? ieoiaeaeieo a?ecoi?a o
Cao?aeiiio E?ninoaio Oe?a?inueei? ?N?. – E.: Aeae-ai AI O?N?, 1958. – 28
n.

?oaeeoei I.I., Io?nueeee A.I., Oaoa?eiia E.A., O?aaiiae/ I.I., Aeiia?aae
?.A., Ea?iaiei A.O., Oaeiio A.N., Eoaiaee I.?., Aeaie?a A.Ae.
?aoe?iiaeueia aaaeaiiy ieneeanueeiai ainiiaea?noaa. – Euea?a: Eaiaiy?,
1987. – 184 n.

A?eion C.I., Aaeiaa?e ?.A., Aieoaaoeue I.A., Eiaaeaiei A.I., Eie?uoe
A.A., Ei?aeeinueeee ss.A., E?ie A.I., Eoi/einueea I.N., Iaooe O.O.,
Iieiai?eia E.?., ?oaeeoei I.I., Na?a??iei I.?., Oa?aiao?a ss.E., *aae
O.A. A?ieia?/ia i?iaeoeoeai?noue nia?aeiaeo e?n?a Ea?iao. – E.: Iaoe.
aeoiea, 1975. – 240 n.

Iaeeiianeee E., Oea?ee E.A., Ei?aeeineee ss.A., Eieeuoe A.A., AEeey?a
A.A., Eeeieoei A.N., Iaooe O.O., ?oaeuoei I.I., Na?aeaiei I.E.,
Oa?aiao?a ss.E., Coaaiei A.A. Aeea?anney aeiaaioeaiioe/aneiai iie?iaa ia
eiioaeoa eaniiai e noaaeueieeneiai iiynia a *a?iiai?a. – E.: Iaoe.
aeoiea, 1984. – 208 n.

?oaeeoei I.I., Aiiaea?aiei I.O., Iiaeaoaiei E.E., *a?eauaiei I.?.,
Io?nueeee A.I., Eo?cia I.?., Naaeianueeee I.?., Aaneeue?a I.I.
Caaaa/oeii ieneeanuee? oa ?eaaeuenuee? i?inoi?e Euea?aueie. – Euea?a:
Eaiaiy?, 1970. – 144 n.

Aiiaea?aiei A.Ae., Aeaeaaai ?.A., Oaoa?eiia E.A., *a?iyanueeee I.A.,
Oaooo N.Ae., Eenaiei A.?., ?oaeeoei I.I. Ieneeanoaiciaanoai: iaa/aeueiee
iin?aiee. – E.: ?IIE AI, 1993. – 200 n.

A?ioo?e:

?oaeeoei I.I. Iino?oeoe?y ii aeei?enoaiith io?oeieo i?eiaae o ai?iouea?
c ieoiaeaeieie a?ecoiaie. – Euea?a, 1955. – 12 n.

?oaeeoei I.I. Caoiaee ai?ioueae c a?ecoiaie a ianaeaieo ioieoao
(Iaoiaee/i? ii?aaee ii aea?aoecaoe??). – Euea?a, 1962. – 9 n.

?oaeeoei I.I. ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii ai?iouea? c oe?aeeeaeie a?ecoiaie. –
Euea?a: Eieaeeiai-aeo?iaeueia aeae-ai, 1963. – 36 n.

?oaeuoei I.I., Io?neee A.I., Ai?oo I.E. Iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii
oeo/oaieth ei?iiaie aacu ioioie/ueeo oaiaeee. – Eueaia, 1979. – 40 n.

?oaeeoei I.I., Io?nueeee A.I. Iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii caaio?ae?
i?e?iaeieo ei?i?a aeey ieneeanueeeo oaa?ei. – Euea?a, 1986. – 20 n.

?oaeuoei I.I., Aaaeaaiei A.I. Iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii o/aoo
/eneaiiinoe ioioie/ueeo aeeaioiuo. – Eueaia, 1987. – 36 n.

Aiiaea?aiei A.Ae., Aeaeaaai A.I., Nieia?e I.ss., ?oaeeoei I.I. Iae?e
aeeeeo oaa?ei. I?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??. – Euea?a, 1989. 66 n.

Noaoo? o iaoeiaeo aeaeaiiyo:

?oaeeoei I.I. Aei iioe?aiiy iiaeao?e ia Oaoeueeeo ica?ao // Iaoe. cai.
I?e?iaeici. iocath AI O?N?, O. 4, 1955. – N. 92-96.

?oaeeoei I.I. I?i caeaaei?noue aoaeiae i?? n??i? iie?aee a?ae
a?oioiai-ee?iaoe/ieo oiia // Iaoe. cai. iaoe.-i?e?iaeici. iocath AI
O?N?. – O. 6,1957. – N. 159-169.

?oaeeoei I.I. Aei ieoaiiy i?i ?iciiiaeaiiy oa ieiaeth/?noue n??i?
iie?aee o cao?aeieo iaeanoyo O?N? // A?ie. ca??iee Euea?a. oi-oo. Aei.
8, 1958. – N. 131-140.

?oaeeoei I.I. Ni?aiaa iie?aea ia Niio?e/? // Aeii. oa iia?aeiie. Euea?a.
oi-oo. Aei. 8, /ano.2. – Euea?a, 1959. – N. 73-74.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iuoaaeaeiua a?ucoiu Caiaaeiie Eaninoaie Oe?aeineie NN?.
Aaoi?ao. aeenn. … eaiae. aeie. iaoe. – Eueaia, 1959. – 24 n.

Aaaeaioeaa A.I., ?oaeeoei I.I. Aei aeieia?? n??iai oii’y/ea ia Oe?a?i?
// Iaoe. cai. iaoe.-i?e?iaeici. iocath AI O?N?. – O. 8, 1960. – N.
110-119.

?oaeeoei I.I. ?ici?uaiiy ieoiaeaeieo a?ecoi?a o ?ineeiieo anioe?aoe?yo
Ai?aeaanueeeo iieiiei ? *i?iiai?e // Iaoe. cai. iaoe.i?e?iaeici. iocath
AI O?N?. – O. 9,1961. – N. 80-91.

?oaeeoei I.I., A?eieiiue I.I. Iaoa??aee aei oaoie aaiaciaeo ee?u?a
eiiaoi?aeieo ? a?ecoi?a aanaeio aa?o?a’y Aei?no?a // Iaoe. cai.
iaoe.-i?e?iaeici. iocath AI O?N?. – O. 9, 1961. – N. 61-68.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iaeioi?ua iniaaiiinoe ?aciiiaeaiey e ieiaeiaeoinoe
iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo aeaeia iuoaaeaeiuo a?ucoiia caiaaeiuo iaeanoae
ONN? // Aii?inu yeieiaee. O. 6. Ii iaoa?eaeai /aoaa?oie yeieiae/aneie
eiioa?aioeee. – E.: Ecae-ai Aunoay oeiea, 1962. – N. 122-123.

?oaeeoei I.I. Iaoa??aee aei aea/aiiy ieo? aeiaoiai?ei? a cao?aeieo
iaeanoyo O?N? // Iaoe. cai. iaoe.-i?e?iaeici. iocath AI O?N?. O. 10,
1962. – N. 122-127.

?oaeeoei I.I. I?i iioe?aiiy ieoiaeaeieo a?ecoi?a o aa?o?a’yo aanaeio
Aei?no?a // No/ania oa ieioea oaoia cao?aeieo iaeanoae Oe?a?ie. – E.:
Aeae-ai AI O?N?, 1963. – N. 64-68.

?oaeeoei I.I. Cia/aiiy ae??aieo nnaaoe?a o aeeaeaii? nia cao?aeieo
iaeanoae O?N? // ?ineeiiee ? oaa?eiiee na?o cao?aeieo iaeanoae O?N?.
?aoe?iiaeueia aeei?enoaiiy oa ioi?iia. – E.: Iaoe. aeoiea, 1970. – N.
25-26.

?oaeuoei I.I. I?ino?ainoaaiiay no?oeoo?a e ninoaa iiioeyoeee a?ucoiia
(Rodent?a) iniiaiuo aeiaaioeaiicia Ea?iao // ?aoa?aou aeiee. I
Iaaeaeoia?iaei. oa?eieia. eiia?anna. O. 2. Iineaa, 1974. – N. 172-173.

?oaeuoei I.I. Eiee/anoaaiiay oa?aeoa?enoeea ieoaiey niaaeiie iieaaee
Oe?aeineeo Ea?iao // Aanoiee ciie., N 5, 1975. N. 82-84.

?oaeuoei I.I. E yeieiaee ea?iaoneie iiioeyoeee eaniie iuoiaee // Aanoiee
ciie., N 2, 1982. – N. 63-65.

?oaeuoei I.I., Oea?ee E.A. No?oeoo?a eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo eiini?oeee uaaaey
aeueieeneiai // Yeieiaey, N 5, 1982. – N. 15-22.

?oaeuoei I.I. Eaniay iuoiaea a Ea?iaoao // Na.: ?ani?ino?aiaiea e
yeieiaey oooeai/eeia oaoiu NNN?. – I.: Iaoea, 1985. – N. 176-177.

?oaeuoei I.I. Yeieiaey iiaecaiiie iieaaee a Oe?aeineeo Ea?iaoao //
Oiiyeiaua oaoiu Oe?aeiu. Oaoienoeea, nenoaiaoeea e i?aeoe/aneia
cia/aiea. *anoue 2. ?ai?eio 87.7, Einoeooo ciieiaee AI ONN?. – Eeaa,
1987. – N. 6-11.

E?uaeaiianeee A.E., Aieaeaieia N.A., Aoaeei A.A., Aoeae A.E., Aoi/ae
I.N., Io?neee A.I., Iaiia A.I., ?oaeuoei I.I., Oaoa?eiia E.A.
Aeieiae/aneea iniiau e ia?aii/a?aaeiua caaea/e ioioie/ueaai oicyenoaa
ONN? // Eco/aiiinoue oa?eioaoiu Oe?aeiu, aa ?aoeeiiaeueiia
eniieueciaaiea e io?aia. – E.: Iaoeiaa aeoiea, 1989. N. 3-19.

?oaeeoei I.I., Ieaenei ?.A. Caaaeuei? i?eioeeie ioi?iie iiioeyoe?e
ieneeanueeeo oaa?ei a oiiaao oaoiiaaiiiai aieeao // Aanoiee
Aeiai?iiao?ia. oi-oa. Aeieiaey e yeieiaey. Aui. 1, 1993. N. 97-98.

Oeaioee/ I., ?oaeeoei I. Iiaeea?aeoaeueia i?ieea?noue oa noaoaaee
aeeii?o?ci aaae o?ea ? ii?oiiao?e/ieo iieaciee?a ieo?aee e?niai? //
Iaoa??aee i?aeia?iaeiiai ?aa?iiaeueiiai nai?ia?o “Ioi?iia aeiae?eey:
no/ani? aeine?aeaeaiiy a aeieia?? ? i?e?ia?ieia??”. *ano. 1, –
Oaeai?iae,1997. – N. 183-185.

?oaeeoei I.I. Aia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea ooieoe?iiaeueii? ?ie? iiioeyoe?e
a?ecoi?a a aeinenoaiao Ea?iao o eiioaeno? noaeiai ?icaeoeo // Iaoa??aee
iaoe.-i?aeo. eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/aii? 30-??//th ea?iaonueeiai
a?inoa?iiai caiia?aeieea. – ?ao?a, 1998. – N. 280-282.

Oace, iaoa??aee:

No?aooiai O.I., ?oaeeoei I.I. Aeina?ae ianiaiai ? iaeii/aniiai cieuaiiy
ieoiaeaeieo a?ecoi?a ia iieyo eieaini?a Euea?anueei? iaeano? //
Iioi?iaoe. athe. iaoe.-aeine. ?i-oo caiea?ianoaa ? oaa?eiieoeoaa
cao?aei. ?-i?a O?N?. Aei. 1. – Euea?a, 1956. – N. 37-39.

?oaeeoei I.I. Ieoiaeaei? a?ecoie–oe?aeieee oa caoiaee ai?ioueae c ieie
// Athe. n/a ?ioi?iaoe??, N 2. – Euea?a, 1957. – N. 51-53.

?oaeuoei I.I. Eiee/anoaaiiay oa?aeoa?enoeea ?ani?ino?aiaiey na?ie
iieaaee a caaeneiinoe io eaiaeoaooiuo iniaaiiinoae caiaaeiuo iaeanoae
ONN? // Iaoa?eaeu e niaauaieth ii aii?inai ciiaaia?aoee nooe. – Eueaia:
Ecae-ai Eueaia. oi-oa, 1957. – N. 117-118.

?oaeuoei I.I. E io?aia iiaeao?u e aa ?aoeeiiaeueiiio eniieueciaaieth a
caiaaeiuo iaeanoyo ONN? // Oac. aeiee. niaau. ii io?aia i?e?iaeu e ?aoe.
eniieuec. i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia caiaaeiuo iae. ONN?. – Eueaia, 1957. – N.
32-34.

Caaaeeaae/ E.E., ?oaeuoei I.I. Ia io?aia aeiauo ianaaeaeaiee io
iia?aaeaeaiee niiae-iie/eii e ei?ioeie?ueui ona/ai a Ea?iaoao // Oai
aea. – N. 10-11.

A?eoeueeee ss.A., Caa?nueea E.A., ?oaeeoei I.I. Ai?ioueaa c oe?aeieeaie
? oai?iaaie n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo? // Caoiaee ii
ca?eueoaiith ae?iaieoeoaa n/a i?iaeoeoe?? ia 100 aa caie? a ia?aaea??ieo
? a??nueeeo ?aeiiao Ea?iao. – E.: Aea?aeaeaeaa n/a e?oa?aoo?e, 1958. –
N. 118-122.

Caaaeeaae/ E.E., Caeoi A.E., Eoeaeianeay I.I., ?oaeuoei I.I., *a?eauaiei
I.E. I iaiaoiaeeiinoe nicaeaiey Ea?iaoneiai caiiaaaeieea eae ?aca?aaoa
io?aiu ?aaeeeo aeaeia aeeaioiuo // Eiioa?. ii aea/aiith oei?e ? oaoie
Ea?iao oa i?eeaaeeo oa?eoi??e. – E.: Aeae-ai AI O?N?. 1960. – N.
260-265.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iuoaaeaeiua a?ucoiu oe?aeineeo Ea?iao e iniaaiiinoe eo
?ani?ino?aiaiey // Oai aea. – N. 342-346.

?oaeuoei I.I. Niiy-iie/ie – a?aaeeoaeue eania // AEo?i. Eaniia oic-ai. –
N 8, 1960. – N. 38.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iniaaiiinoe ?ani?ino?aiaiey iuoaaeaeiuo a?ucoiia a
caaeneiinoe io eaiaeoaooiuo oneiaee caiaaeiuo iaeanoae ONN? // Iaoa?eaeu
e eiio. ii aii?. ciiaaia?. nooe. – Aeia-Aoa: Ecae-ai AI Eacaoneie
NN?,1960. – N. 108-109.

No?aooiai O.E., ?oaeuoei I.I. Iyoeeaoiee iiuo ianniaiai e
iaeiia?aiaiiiai i?eiaiaiey yaeioeieeaoia a ai?ueaa n iuoaaeaeiuie
a?ucoiaie ia iieyo Eueaiaueiu // Oeie/aneea iaoiaeu ai?ueau n
a?aaeeoaeyie, aieaciyie e ni?iyeaie: Oac. aeiee. – Eeaa, 1960. – N. 50.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iniaaiiinoe ?ani?ino?aiaiey iuoaaeaeiuo a?ucoiia a eanao
ai?iuo ?aeiiia Oe?aeineie NN? // Ia?aia ananithci. niaau. ii
ieaeiieoathuei: Oac. aeiee. O. 1. – I.: Ecae-ai Iineia. oi-oa, 1961. –
N. 139-140.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iee?ieeeiao ianoiiaeoaiee e aai cia/aiea a aeecie ioeoe e
ieaeiieoathueo // Iaoa?eaeu III ananithci. i?ieoieia. eiio. Eieaa
aoi?ay. – Eueaia: Ecae-ai Eueaia. oi-oa, 1962. – N. 165.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iuoaaeaeiua a?ucoiu Caiaaeiiai Iieanuey ONN? // Aoi?ay
ciieiae/aneay eiioa?aioeey. ANN?. Oac. aeiee. – Ieine: Ecae-ai AI ANN?,
1962. – N. 90-91.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iaeioi?ua iniaaiiinoe aioo?eaeaeiaie eciai/eainoe
iuoaaeaeiuo a?ucoiia caiaaeiuo iaeanoae Oe?aeineie NN? // Aii?inu
aioo?eaeaeiaie eciai/eainoe iacaiiuo iicaiii/iuo aeeaioiuo e
iee?iyaiethoeey. Oac. aeiee. niaau. ii aioo?eaeaeiaie eciai/eainoe e
iee?iyaiethoeee. – Naa?aeeiane, 1964. – N. 114-115.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iaeeea ieaeiieoathuea *ea/eineeo ai? // Oei?a ? oaoia
Oe?a?inueeeo Ea?iao. Oac. aeii. i?aeaoc?a. tha?eaei. eiioa?., i?enay/.
OO-??//th canioaaiiy Oaeai?iae. aea?ae. oi-oo. Oaeai?iae, 1965. – N.
109-110.

?oaeeoei I.I. ?icaeoie ca??iaiaenoaa a cao?aeieo iaeanoyo O?N? // Oace
aeii. i?aeaoc?a. tha?eaei. iaoe. eiio. – *a?i?aoe?, 1965. – N. 128-129.

Aaaeaioeaa A.E., ?oaeuoei I.I. Eciai/eainoue iiioeyoeee aeaeoiai?eie e
eaniie iuoae a ?acee/iuo eaiaeoaooiuo oneiaeyo ONN? // Oacenu aeiee.
/aoaa?oie iaaeaociane. ciiaaia?ao. eiio. – Iaeanna, 1968. – N. 7-8.

?oaeuoei I.I. I iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?iaaaeaiey aaniethoiiai o/aoa aeiauouo
aeeaioiuo a oeaeyo aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey ioioie/ueaai oicyenoaa
Oe?aeineie NN? // Ia?aay iao/i. eiio. ii ?acaeoeth ioioi. oic-aa ONN?.
Oac. aeiee. *. 2. – Eeaa, 1968. – N. 193-196.

?oaeeoei I.I. Aea/aiiy a?iaia?aaoeee oaa?ei o a?iaaioeaiicao ia
i?eeeaae? a?ecoi?a // Aeine?aeaeaiiy a?iaaioeaiic?a cao?aeieo iaeanoae
O?N?, ?o ?aoe?iiaeueia aeei?enoaiiy oa ioi?iia. Oace aeii. iaoe. eiio. –
E.: Iaoe. aeoiea, 1972. – N. 28-29.

?oaeuoei I.I. Yia?aaoe/aneay ioeaiea ieoaiey a?ucoiia a aeiaaioeaiicao
aeiaiai eana Ea?iao // Ananithci. niaau. ii aeiaaioeaiieiaee e iaoiaeai
o/aoa ia?ae/iie i?iaeoeoeee a aeiauo eanao. Oac. aeiee. – Iao?icaaiaene,
1973. – N. 30-31.

?oaeuoei I.I., Io?neee A.I., TH?aae/ N.E. E eco/aieth aeieiae/aneie
i?iaeoeoeaiinoe ioioie/ueeo oaiaeee caiaaeiuo ?aeiiia ONN?// Iaoa?eaeu
aoi?ie iao/ii-i?iecaiaeno. eiioa?aioeee ii ?acaeoeth ioioi. oic-aa ONN?.
– Eeaa, 1973. – N. 87-89.

?oaeeoei I.I. Aia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea ?ie? aaoa?io?ioieo eiiiiiaio?a a
aeinenoaiao // A?iaaioeaiieia?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy ia Oe?a?i?. Oace aeii.
I ?anioae. ia?aaee. – Euea?a, 1975. – N. 107-108.

?oaeuoei I.I. Aeiyia?aaoeea iaeioi?uo aeaeia iieaaie a aeiaaioeaiicao
Ea?iao e niaaeiuo oa??eoi?ee // ?ieue aeeaioiuo a ooieoeeiie?iaaiee
yeinenoai. Iaoa?eaeu niaau.-I.: Iaoea, 1975. N. 159.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iioeiaeueiay ieioiinoue iiioeyoeee iniiaiuo aeaeia
ioioie/ueeo caa?ae caiaaeiuo ?aeiiia ONN? a caaeneiinoe io eaiaeoaooiuo
oneiaee // Aeooaeueiua aii?inu ciiaaia?aoee. Oac. aeiee. VI ananithci.
ciiaaia?. eiioa?. – Eeoeiaa: Ooeeioea, 1975. N. 193-194.

Eeeieoei A.N., ?oaeuoei I.I. Aeeyiea iuoaaeaeiuo a?ucoiia ia aic?anoiie
ninoaa oeaiiiiioeyoeee aaeaaeee eaniie a aeiaii eano Ea?iao // Oac.
aeiee. II ?anioae. niaau.: Aeiaaioeaiieiaey, aio?iiiaaiiua eciaiaiey
?anoeoaeueiiai iie?iaa e eo i?iaiice?iaaiea. – E.: Iaoe. aeoiea, 1978.
– N. 39-40.

?oaeuoei I.I. Eiiaeoeoiiao?e/aneee niinia eco/aiey aaciiaiaia aeeaioiuo
a aeiaaioeaiicao // Oac. aeiee. ananithci. niaau.: Yenia?eiaioaeueiay
aeiaaioeaiieiaey e aa?ioeaiicu. – I.: Iaoea, 1979. – N. 20-21.

?oaeuoei I.I. ?ai?iaeoeoeaiua iniaaiiinoe iiioeyoeee oaiiie e iiaecaiiie
iieaaie a iniiaiuo aeiaaioeaiicao Ea?iao // Oac. aeiee. III nuacaea
Ananithci. oa?eieiae/. ia-aa. – I., 1982. – N. 280-281.

?oaeuoei I.I. Eco/aiea i?iaeoeoeaiinoe aunieiai?iuo e?aniiianyiieoeaauo
eoaia iiae aeeyieai a?ucoiia-oeoioaaia // Oac. aeiee. VIII ananithci,
niaau. ii eco/aieth e inaiaieth oei?u e ?anoeoaeueiinoe aunieiai?ee. –
Naa?aeeiane: OIOe AI NNN?, 1982. – N. 72.

?oaeuoei I.I. Yeieiaey iiioeyoeee ?aaeeeo aeaeia a?ucoiia Ea?iao // Oac.
aeiee. IV nuacaea AOI AI NNN?. O. 1. – I.: Iaoea, 1986. – N. 336.

?oaeuoei I.I. Iaeioi?ua iniaaiiinoe yeieiaee na?ie e?unu ia caiaaea
Oe?aeiu e iiuo nieaeaiey aa /eneaiiinoe // Oac. aeiee. IV nuacaea AOI AI
NNN?. O. 3. – I.: Iaoea,1986. – N. 379-380.

?oaeeoei I.I. Iiioeyoe?ei? iniiae oi?aae?iiy oa ioi?iie oaa?ei o
caiia?aeieeao // Oace aeii. I?aeia?iaei. iaoe.-i?aeo. eiioa?.,
i?enay/aii? 25-??//th Ea?iaonueeiai a?inoa?iiai caiia?aeieea. – ?ao?a,
1993. – N. 204-205.

?oaeeoei I.I. ?aoe?iiaeueia aaaeaiiy ieneeanueeiai ainiiaea?noaa a
Oe?a?inueeeo Ea?iaoao ia iiioeyoe?eieo canaaeao // Oace aeii. I?aeia?.
iaoe.-i?aeo. eiioa?.: I?iaeaie Aooeoeueueie. Ein?a, 1993. *. 1. –
*a?i?aoe?, 1993. – N. 54-56.

?oaeeoei I.I., Oea/ee A.I., Ieaenei ?.A. Canoinoaaiiy aaiaioai?/ieo
i?eioeei?a i?e aii?ooaaii? ieneeanueeeo oa?aeue a oiiaao oaoiiaaiieo
eaiaeoaoo?a oa ?o iie?auaiiy // Oac. aeiee. Iaaeaeoia?iaei. iao/i.
eiio.: I?iiuoeaiiay aioaieea: Ninoiyiea e ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey. –
Aeiiaoee, 1993. – N. 187-188.

?oaeeoei I.I. Ieoaiiy i?aai?caoe?? oa??ieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue o
caiia?aeieeo // Iaoa??aee iaoe.-i?aeo. eiio.: I?iaeaie noaiiaeaiiy ?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy iiainoai?aieo caiia?aeiee?a. – A?eiaee?a, 1995. – N. 71.

?oaeeoei I.I., Aeaeaaai I.A. Aieea nnaaoe?a ia i?ioeane a?aeiiaeaiiy
aoeiaeo aea?aainoai?a a Oe?a?inueeeo Ea?iaoao // Oace aeii. VI
neiiic?oio c i?iaeai aoea. – Euea?a, 1995. – N. 28-29.

?oaeeoei I.I. Noai aaiioiiaeo nnaaoe?a oa aea/aiiy ?o iiioeyoe?e a
oiiaao Ea?iaonueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai i?e?iaeiiai ia?eo // Oace aeii.
iaoe.-i?aeo. eiioa?. a ?aieao 6-ai Aooeoeuenueeiai oanoeaaeth 13 aa?aniy
1996 ?.: Aeieia?/i? ia?aaeoiiae ?icaeoeo ?ae?aaoe?? ia Aooeoeueuei?. –
ss?ai/a, 1996. – N. 80-81.

?oaeeoei I.I. Aeine?aeaeaiiy aioo??oiueiiiioeyoe?eii? ??ciiiai?oiino?
aeayeeo aeae?a nnaaoe?a Oe?a?inueeeo Ea?iao // Iaoa??aee i?aeia?iaei.
iaoe.-i?aeo. eiio., i?enay/aii? 550-??//th i. ?aoiaa. – ?ao?a, 1997. –
N. 180.

?oaeeoei I.I. Iniaeeaino? a?eiai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a
cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie // Iaoa??aee iaoe. eiio., i?enay/aii?
40-??//th ooieoe?iioaaiiy aenieia??iiai a?inoaoe?iia?o ia
a.Iiaeeaeaanueea. Euea?a, 23 a?oaeiy 1997 ?ieo. – Euea?a, 1998. – N.
127-131.

Rudyshyn M. Ecology and Structure of S?c?sta betul?na Pallas (1778)
Populat?on ?n Ukra?n?an Carpath?ans // Abstracts Euro-Amer?can Mammal
Cangress. – Spa?n, 1998. – P. 406.

Neiaieee:

?oaeeoei I.I., Eie?niee A.?., Aaae??iei ?.I. Neiaiee-aeia?aeiee
ieneeaoey. – E.: O?iaeae, 1992. – 176 n.

AIIOAOeI?

?oaeeoei I.I. Aeieia?y iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie.

?oeiien. Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a
a?ieia?/ieo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 03.00.16 – aeieia?y.
Aei?i?iiao?ianueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1998.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ieoaiiyi no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueii?
i?aai?caoe?? iiioeyoe?e a?ecoi?a cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie (Iie?nny,
E?ninoai, I?eea?iaooy, Ea?iaoe, Caea?iaooy). Ia iniia? aaaaoi??/ieo
noaoe?iia?ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue anoaiiaeai?
caeiiii??iino? a?ioii?/iiai ?ici?uaiiy ? /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?e
a?ecoi?a, ?o aeeiai?ea, a?eiaa, noaoaaa ? i?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?e,
ooieoe?iiaeueia ?ieue o i?e?iaeieo e aio?iiiaaiii ci?iaieo aeinenoaiao,
eiini?oeai? ca’ycee, ii?oio?c?ieia?/i? aaeaioaoe?? oa i?e?iaaiethoe?ei?
i?ioeane. Cai?iiiiiaaiee nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae uiaei oi?aae?iiy
iiioeyoe?yie oe?aeeeaeo, ei?enieo oa ??aee?nieo aeae?a.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aeinenoaia, a?iaaioeaiic, iiioeyoe?y, a?ioii,
aeaiaioa?ia iinaeaiiy, noaiioiii?, aa??oiii? ? neiaio?iii? aeaee,
eiini?oe?y, aaeaioaoe?y, i?e?iaaiethoe?y.

?oaeuoei I.I. Yeieiaey iiioeyoeee a?ucoiia caiaaeiiai ?aaeiia Oe?aeiu.

?oeiienue. Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie aeieoi?a
aeieiae/aneeo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 03.00.16 – yeieiaey.
Aeiai?iiao?ianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao. Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1998.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai no?oeoo?ii-ooieoeeiiaeueiie i?aaie-
caoeee iiioeyoeee a?ucoiia caiaaeiiai ?aaeiia Oe?aeiu (Iieanuea,
Eaninoaiue, I?eea?iaouea, Ea?iaou, Caea?iaouea). Ia iniiaaiee
iiiaieaoieo noaoeeiia?iuo e yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee onoaiiaeaiu
caeiiiia?iinoe aeioiie/aneiai ?aciauaiey e /eneaiiinoe iiioeyoeee
a?ucoiia, eo aeeiaieea, aic?anoiay, iieiaay e i?ino?ainoaaiiay
no?oeoo?u, ooieoeeiiaeueiay ?ieue a i?e?iaeiuo e aio?iiiaaiii eciaiaiiuo
yeinenoaiao, eiini?oeaiua nayce, ii?oioeceieiae/aneea aaeaioaoeee e
iee?iyaiethoeeiiiua i?ioeannu. I?aaeeiaeai nenoaiiue iiaeoiae e
oi?aaeaieth iiioeyoeeyie a?aaeiuo, iieaciuo e ?aaeeeo aeaeia.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: yeinenoaia, aeiaaioeaiic, iiioeyoeey, aeioii,
yeaiaioa?iia iinaeaiea, noaiioiiiua, ya?eoiiiua e neiaio?iiiua aeaeu,
eiini?oeey, aaeaioaoeey, iee?iyaiethoeey.

Rudyshyn M.P. Ecology of rodents populat?ons ?n the western reg?on of
Ukra?ne.

Manuscr?pt. Thes?s for a doctorate’s degree (b?olog?cal sc?ences) –
spec?al?ty 03.00.16 – ecology. – Dn?propetrovsk State Un?vers?ty.
Dn?propetrovsk, 1998.

The d?ssertat?on ?s ded?cated to the problem of the structural and
funct?onal organ?zat?on of the Rodent?a populat?ons ?n the western
reg?on of Ukra?ne (Pol?ssja, Forest-steppe, Precarpath?ans, Carpath?ans,
Transcarpath?ans). Accord?ng to the last?ng many years stat?onary and
exper?mental ?nvest?gat?ons the regular?t?es of b?otop?c arrangement and
numbers of Rodent?a populat?ons and the?r dynam?cs, age, sexual and
spat?al structure, funct?onal role ?n natural and man-changed
ecosystems, consort?al connect?ons, morpholog?cal and ph?s?olg?cal
adaptat?ons and m?croevolut?onary processes were establ?shed. The system
approach of management the del?ter?ous, useful and rare spec?es
populat?ons ?s proposed.

Key words: ecosystem, b?ogeocoenos?s, populat?on, b?otope, elementary
settle, stenotop?c, evrytop?c and synantrop?c spec?es, consort?um,
adaptat?on, m?croevolut?on.

PAGE 29

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