EUeA?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE IAAeE*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
?i. AeAIEEA AAEEOeUeEIAI
Eoiianueeee Aieiaeeie? Aieiaeeie?iae/
OAeE 616.5 – 002.3 – 089 – 085349.19 (362.123.62)
CANOINOAAIIss IIAIAI E?EA?NUeEIAI CANIAO
OEOIAENEAeO O EIIIEAENIIIO O??O?A?*IIIO
E?EOAAII? AI?EII–CAIAEUeIEO CAOAI?THAAIUe OE??E
OA I?AeOE??II? INIIAE
(ee?i?ei-aenia?eiaioaeueia aeine?aeaeaiiy)
14.01.03 – o??o?a?y
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
EUeA?A – 1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia o Euea?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaee/iiio oi?aa?neoao?
?i. Aeaieea Aaeeoeueeiai
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe,
i?ioani?
AIAe?THUAIEI A?EOI? IAO?IAE*
i?ioani? eaoaae?e oaeoeueoaonueei? ? caaaeueii? o??o???? Euea?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.Aeaieea Aaeeoeueeiai
Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio aeieoi? oa?iaoeaaoe/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
IAO?OO ETHAIA ?AAI?AIA
i?ioani?, caa?aeoaa/ea eaoaae?e oa?iaoeaaoe/ii? oai??
oaeoeueoaoo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo
?i. Aeaieea Aaeeoeueeiai
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe : aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe,
i?ioani?
EA*I?IANUeEEE A.A.
caa. a?aeae?eii o??o?a?? Euea?anueeiai o?e?aeo
Ee?anueeiai
Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai ?inoeoooo aaiaoieia?? oa ia?aeeaaiiy
e?ia?
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo
iaoe, i?ioani?
EO?EI A.N.
i?ioani? eaoaae?e oaeoeueoaonueei?
o??o?a??
Oa?iii?euenueei? iaaee/ii? aeaaeai?? ?i. ?. ss.
Ai?aa/aanueeiai
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa Oa?e?anueeee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee
?inoeooo
caaaeueii? oa iaa?aeeeaaeii? o??o?a??
IIC Oe?a?ie
Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “27” eenoiiaaea 1998 ?. i 12
aiae. ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae35.600.01 o
Euea?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaee/iiio oi?aa?neoao? (290010, i.Euea?a,
aoe. Iaea?nueea, 69),
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Euea?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ( 290008, i.Euea?a, aoe.
N?/iaeo no??eueoe?a, 6)
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “27” aeiaoiy 1998 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
*oee?i N.I.
1
C a a a e ue i a o a ? a e o a ? e n o e e a ? i a i o e
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. I?iaeaia e?eoaaiiy ai?eii-caiaeueieo
caoai?thaaiue oe??e oa i?aeoe??ii? iniiae (ACCOII) caeeoa?oueny iaei??th
c iaea?eueo aeooaeueieo a aiaoeaoi?i?e o??o???? [A.I. Eieania e niaao.,
1989; A.A. A?eai?yi e niaao., 1978; A.I. Aeaoeaiei e niaao., 1993;
A.A. Iaooia e niaao., 1991; I.E. Eocei e niaao., 1990]. Oea coiiaeaia
aaaaoueia ianoaaeiaie. Ii-ia?oa, e?euee?noue oai?eo c ACCOII, ye?
caa?oathoueny a iie?ee?i?ee, aiaoeaoi??? oa iaaeeei-nai?oa?i? /anoeie
(IN*) i?aei?e?inoa noaiiaeoue cia/io ieoiio iano [A.A.Anaoeaiei e
niaao., 1993; A.A.Aeaayoia e niaao., 1993; Eioiie Ae., 1978] ? a
caaaeuei?e no?oeoo?? aiaoeaoi?ii? iaaee/ii? aeiiiiiae nyaa? iiiaae 30%
[I.E. Eocei e niaao., 1981; TH.A. Oaiioieeia e niaao., 1984]. Ii-ae?oaa,
na?aae caaaeueiiai eiioei?aioo oeeo iaoe??io?a ia?aaaaeathoue iniae
i?aoeacaeaoiiai a?eo [A.I. Aeaoeaiei e niaao., 1985; I.E. Eocei e
niaao., 1987], ui iia’ycaia o iaai?e i??? c? oe?aeeeainoyie i?ioan?eiiai
oa?aeoa?o [TH.A. Oaiioieeia e niaao., 1984]. Ii-o?ao?, aeiiii?/i?
ao?aoe, coiiaeai? ia?aaoaaiiyi oai?eo ia e?eoaaii? ? cia/ieie ? ia
iathoue no?eei? oaiaeaioe?? aei cieaeaiiy [I.E.Eocei e niaao., 1990]. O
ca’yceo c oeei, ca inoaii?e /an c’yaeythoueny ye ie?ai? ioae?eaoe??, oae
? niaoe?aeuei? iaoeia? aeine?aeaeaiiy, i?enay/ai? ?ica’ycaiith ??cieo
aniaeo?a oe??? i?iaeaie. A ieo ?icaeyaeathoueny ieoaiiy i?io?eaeoeee
ACCOII [A.A. Iaooia e O.I. ?icianeay, 1991; A.E. No?o/eia e niaao.,
1984; Alexander J.W., 1970; Baiby H., 1991], iniaeeainoae
aaeoa??aeueiiai iaecaaeo ? /ooeea?noue i?e?ioei?e [Aaeaia A.A., 1993;
A.N. Naaaeueaa e niaao., 1976; Kogan M.K., 1980; Eisenberg R., 1991],
aeaye? aeaiaioe nooi o??o???/ieo ao?o/aiue [A.I. Aeaoeaiei e niaao.,
1993; I.E. Eocei e niaao., 1980], aeiiii?/i? iieacieee [I.E. Eocei e
niaao., 1990] oa ?io?. Iniaeeaa oaaaa iaaea?oueny ieoaiiyi eiieaeniiai
e?eoaaiiy ACCOII, ui ia?aaeaa/a? ii?yae c iia?aoeaiei ao?o/aiiyi
aeei?enoaiiy aeiaeaoeiaeo oa?aiaaoe/ieo eiiiiiaio?a [A.A. Aeaooi e
niaao., 1983; A.N. Nieie., 1981; Artz C.P., 1979]. Na?aae ieo
caneoaiaothoue ia oaaao o?ce/i? oaeoi?e, cie?aia, aae?e-iaiiiaa
eaca?ioa?ai?y [A.I. Aeaoeaiei ? niaao., 1989; A.E. Ei?aiaeia e niaao.,
1989; I.E. Oienouo e niaao., 1990; A.A. Oiaein e niaao., 1990],
oeueo?acaoeiaa eaa?oaoe?y [I.I. Aiiaea?aiei e niaao., 1985; ?.A.Eoeeaa,
1985; E.I. Ianaiyi e niaao., 1990; N.A. N/anoiue e niaao., 1983], a
oaeiae i?noeaaa canoinoaaiiy iiaeo iaaeeeaiaioicieo cania?a [A.A.
Ia?oeenia e niaao., 1992; A.A. Iao?ea e
2
niaao., 1989; I.A. O?oiei e niaao., 1982]. Ie?ai? aeine?aeieee
aeiaiaeyoue aoaeoeai?noue i?ei?iaiiy o oai?eo c aeaiith iaoiei???th
aiaei?ic/eiieo iacaaeo i?aia?ao?a [A.I. Eaeeie/aiei, 1983],
??ciiiai?oieo ni?aaio?a [A.A. A?aoeeay e niaao., 1989; A.I. Nieo?a e
niaao., 1994; E.Ae. Oa?aiaiei e niaao., 1984] oa ?ioeo.
O oe?eiio, oaiaeaioe?y aei aeei?enoaiiy no/anieo e?e?a aeey i?noeaaiai
canoinoaaiiy iaaoaa? nueiaiaei? iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy [A.I. Aeaoeaiei e
niaao., 1994; A.A. Ia?oeenia e niaao., 1992; A.A. Oa?aeaiia e niaao.,
1988; I.A. O?oiei e niaao., 1982].
Ana aeuacaaaeaia cana?ae/o? aeooaeuei?noue ? aeioe?euei?noue
iiaeaeueoiai aea/aiiy i?iaeaie eiiieaeniiai o??o???/iiai e?eoaaiiy
ai?eii-caiaeueieo caoai?thaaiue oe??e oa i?aeoe??ii? iniiae.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie.
Aeena?-oaoe?y aeeiiaia ca?aeii ?c oaiith IAe? eaoaae?e oaeoeueoaonueei?
oa caaaeueii? o??o???? c eo?nii i?ieoiei??? Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca ? 0196V013958 “?ic?iaeoe ae?aaiinoe/io oa
e?eoaaeueio i?ia?aio i?e ai?eii-caiaeueieo i?ioeanao, iniiaaio ia
aea/aii? iniaeeainoae ao?ieia??, iaoiaaiaco oa ee?i?ee no/anii?
o??o?a?/ii? ?ioaeoe??” (1996 – 1999 ?.?.).
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – iie?aueoe
?acoeueoaoe o??o???/iiai e?eoaaiiy oai?eo ia ACCOII ia iniia?
aeei?enoaiiy iiaiai i?aia?aoo oeoiaeneaeo.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe aoee noi?ioeueiaai? ianooii? caaaeaiiy:
1. ?ic?iaeoe iiaee e?ea?nueeee can?a aeey e?eoaaiiy ACCOII ia iniia?
a?aeiieo aioeaaeoa-??eieo i?aia?ao?a – oeo?ai?ceaeo oa aeeiaeneaeo.
2. I?iaanoe aeiee?i?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy oeoiaeneaeo a?aeiia?aeii aei
aeiia Oa?iaeiei??/iiai eii?oaoo IIC Oe?a?ie c iaoith io?eiaoe aeica?e ia
I oaco ee?i?/ii? ai?iaaoe??.
3. Cai?iiiioaaoe iaoiaeeeo e?eoaaiiy ACCOII c aeei?enoaiiyi
oeoiaeneaeo.
4. I?iaanoe ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c aoaeoeaiino? e?eoaaiiy ACCOII
?aaeeoe?eiei iaoiaeii, c canoinoaaiiyi aeeiaeneaeo oa iiaiai i?aia?aoo
oeoiaeneaeo ia i?aenoaa? ?acoeueoao?a niaoe?aeueieo iaoiaeee –
ieai?iao?e/iiai, aaeoa??iei??/iiai oa oeeoiei??/iiai aeine?aeaeaiue.
5. Ee?i?/ii ioe?ieoe aoaeoeai?noue aeei?enoaiiy iiaiai i?aia?aoo
oeoiaeneaeo o eiiieaen-iiio o??o???/iiio e?eoaaii? ACCOII.
3
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. ?ic?iaeaii iiaee e?ea?nueeee
can?a oeoiaeneae aeey e?eoaaiiy ai?eii-caiaeueieo o?aaeaiue oe??e oa
i?aeoe??ii? iniiae. I?iaaaeaii aeiee?i?/i? aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaiai i?aia?aoo ia i?aenoaa? ?acoeueoao?a yeeo
Iinoaiiaith Oa?iaeiei??/iiai eii?oaoo IIC Oe?a?ie [i?ioieie ?3 a?ae
30.03.1995 ?.] io?eiaii aeica?e ia i?iaaaeaiiy I oace ee?i?/ii?
ai?iaaoe??. A?aeiia?aeii aei iiia?aaeiueiai iia?aeiieaiiy [?592/A a?ae
26.03.1998 ?.] Oa?iaeiei??/iei eii?oaoii IIC Oe?a?ie i?eeiyoi iiceoeaia
??oaiiy [i?io. ?2 a?ae 26.02.1998 ?.] uiaei i?iaaaeaiiy II oace
ee?i?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?aia?aoo oeoiaeneae. Cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaeeeo
i?noeaaiai canoinoaaiiy oeoiaeneaeo aeey e?eoaaiiy ai?eii-caiaeueieo
caoai?thaaiue oe??e oa i?aeoe??ii? iniiae. Oeoiaeneae oia?oa aeei?enoaii
a eiiieaeniiio o??o???/iiio e?eoaaii? aeaiiai eiioei?aioo oai?eo.
Aeiaaaeaii eiai aoaeoeai?noue o ii??aiyii? c o?aaeeoe?eieie iaoiaeaie
e?eoaaiiy.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. ?ic?iaeaii iiaee
iaaeeeaiaioiciee i?aia?ao oeoiaeneae aeey canoinoaaiiy o o??o???/i?e
i?aeoeoe? [Iaoaio Oe?a?ie ia aeiao?ae ? 195034 A. Athe. ?6 a?ae
25.12.97?.]. Oeoiaeneae aeiiiaith? iia?aoeaia ao?o/aiiy ? ni?ey?
aoaeoeai?oiio e?eoaaiith oai?eo ia ACCOII. I?noeaaa aeei?enoaiiy
i?aia?aoo ?aeiiaiaeiaaii i?e an?o iiciei??/ieo oi?iao ai?eii-caiaeueieo
o?aaeaiue oe??e oa i?aeoe??ii? iniiae.
Cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea e?eoaaiiy ? ianeeaaeiith, caaaeueiiaeinooiiith ?
iiaeeeaith aeey aeei?enoaiiy o ?iaio? o??o???/ieo e?eoaaeueieo caeeaae?a
i?aeoe/ii? ioi?iie caei?ia’y.
I?ney ?ic?iaee i?aia?aoo eiai ai?iaaaeaeaii o i?aeoe/io ?iaioo iaaeeei –
nai?oa?ii? /anoeie AAO Euea?anueeee caaiae “Aaoiiaaaioaaeoaa/” ?
eaoaae?e oaeoeueoaonueei? oa caaaeueii? o??o???? c eo?nii i?ieoiei???
EAeIO. Ca?aeii c ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yie Oa?iaeiei??/iiai eii?oaoo I?i?noa?noaa
ioi?iie caei?ia’y Oe?a?ie i?iaaaeaii I oaco ee?i?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue
oeoiaeneaeo o Ee?anueeiio IAe? ee?i?/ii? oa aenia?eiaioaeueii? o??o????,
ia eaoaae?? oe??ieo oa aaia?e/ieo oai?ia Ea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo, Oa?e?anueeiio ?inoeooo? aea?iaoiei??? oa
aaia?iei???.
4
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iniaenoi aaoi?ii iiaiiaai? iaiao?aei?
iaoiaeeee aenia?eiaioaeueiiai oa ee?i?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaiai
e?ea?nueeiai caniao. I?e eiai aaciina?aaei?e o/ano? ?ic?iaeaii oa
cae?eniaii aeiee?i?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaiai i?aia?aoo – oeoiaeneae.
I?iaaaeaii ioi?ieaiiy iaiao?aeii? aeieoiaioaoe?? aeey iiaeaiiy o
Oa?iaeiei??/iee eii?oao IIC Oe?a?ie. Cai?iiiiiaaii niin?a e?eoaaiiy
??cieo iiciei?/ieo oi?i ai?eii-caiaeueieo o?aaeaiue oe??e oa i?aeoe??ii?
iniiae c aeei?enoaiiyi oeoiaeneaeo. ?ic?iaeaii ?ino?oeoe?th ii
i?noeaaiio canoinoaaiith i?aia?aoo, yeo caoaa?aeaeaii Oa?ia-eiei??/iei
eii?oaoii IIC Oe?a?ie [i?ioieie ?3 a?ae 30.03.1995 ?ieo]. Aea/aii
aoaeoeai?noue canoinoaaiiy oeoiaeneaeo o ii??aiyii? c o?aaeeoe?eieie
e?eoaaeueieie iaoiaeeeaie. Ni?aaaoi?noai ?ioeo aeine?aeiee?a o iaoeiaeo
i?aoeyo iioae?eiaaieo ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iieyaa? ia?aaaaeii o
?o eiinoeueoaoeai?e ni?ai?aoe?. Aeiyoie noaiiaeoue eeoa Iaoaio Oe?a?ie,
yeee ? ?acoeueoaoii ni?eueii? ?iaioe eieaeoeao aaoi??a.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaieo
aeine?aeaeaiue oa iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aena?oeai? o
aeiiia?aeyo ia can?aeaii? eaoaae?e oaeoeueoaonueei? oa caaaeueii?
o??o???? c eo?nii i?ieoiei??? Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo (1992 – 1997 ?.?.), Ieaioi? i?aae?iiy iaoeiaiai oiaa?enoaa
o??o???a Oe?a?ie [*a?i?aoe?, 1992 ?.], I Eiia?an? Na?oiai? Oaaea?aoe??
Oe?a?inueeeo Oa?iaoeaaoe/ieo Oiaa?enoa [Euea?a, 1994 ?.], I c’?cae?
o??o???a Oe?a?ie [Euea?a, 1994 ?.], Anaoe?a?inuee?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Iaaee/ia ae?aaiinoeea, i?aai?caoe?y ? oi?aae?iiy, iaoiaee
? caniae aeai?eoie ? iaa/aiiy, oaoiieia?? ? eiii’thoa??caoe?y
[i.Ciei/?a, 1992 ?.], iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “No/ani? aniaeoe
iaa?aeeeaaeii? iaaee/ii? aeiiiiiae” [Euea?a, 1997 ?.].
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii n?i iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue, o oiio /ene? 2 noaoo? o ?anioae?eainueeeo oaoiaeo aeo?iaeao, 4
o iaoa??aeao iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?e ? c’?cae?a, io?eiaii 1
Iaoaio Oe?a?ie ia aeiao?ae.
5
No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia
165 noaiaea?oieo noi??ieao (a oiio /ene? 137 noi??ioe? oaenoo), iaa?aia
ia ?AI-noi?niiio eiii’thoa??. Neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, 4 ?icae?e?a,
ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue, aeniiae?a, a?ae?ia?ao?/iiai
iieacieea e?oa?aoo?e, yeee aeeth/a? 267 a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo
aeaea?ae oa aeiaeaoeo. ?iaioa ?ethno?iaaia 33 oaaeeoeyie, 13 ?enoieaie,
8 ae?aa?aiaie, a oaeiae aeoyaaie c aiaoeaoi?ieo ea?oie.
C i ? n o ? i a i o e
Iaoa??aee oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeey ?aae?caoe?? iinoaaeaii? iaoe
oa ae??oaiiy eiie?aoii aecia/aieo caaaeaiue iaoeiaiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
iaie aoei i?aeaeaii eiiieaeniiio oa anaa?/iiio ianoaaeaiith 155 oai?eo
ia ai?eii-caiaeuei? caoai?thaaiiy oe??e oa i?aeoe??ii? iniiae (ACCOII).
Aanue eiioei?aio iaoe??io?a neeaaeaee i?aoe?aieee AAO
“Aaoiiaaaioaaeoaa/” i. Euea?a. A caeaaeiino? a?ae iaoiaeo e?eoaaiiy aiie
aoee iiae?eai? ia o?e a?oie. Ia?oa a?oia (1 eiio?ieueia) ia’?aeioaaea 66
oai?eo, ye? e?eoaaeenue o?aaeeoe?eieie iaoiaeaie ?c aeei?enoaiiyi
iiaiioe?iiiai iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy ? canoinoaaiiyi aioeaaeoa??aeueieo
na?aaeiee?a oa o?c?ioa?aiaaoe/ieo eiiiiiaio?a a?aeiia?aeii aei
caaaeueiii?eeiyoeo iaoiaeee. E?eoaaiiy 28 oai?eo oe??? a?oie
i?iaiaeeeinue o IN* AI “Aaoiiaaaioaaeoaa/”, a 38 iaoe??io?a o ?ioeo
iaaee/ieo onoaiiaao i?noa ? iaeano?. Ae?oaa a?oia (iniiaia) aeeth/aea 67
oai?eo ia ACCOII. E?eoaaiiy iaoe??io?a oe??? a?oie ii?aeioaaei
iia?aoeaia ao?o/aiiy ?c i?noeaaei aeei?enoaiiyi iiai? e?ea?nueei? oi?ie
– noniaic?? 2% oeo?ai?ceaeo o 30% aeeiaeneae? (oeoiaeneae). Aei o?aouei?
(2 eiio?ieueia) a?oie aa?eoei 22 oai?eo o eiiieaen? o??o???/iiai
e?eoaaiiy yeeo aeei?enoiaoaaee o?eueee 30% ?ic/ei aeeiaeneaeo.
Na?aae on?o oai?eo /ieia?e?a aoei 141, ae?iie 14. A?e iaoe??io?a
eieeaaany a?ae 20 aei 65 ?ie?a, i?e/iio cia/ia e?euee?noue ?o (128;
82,3%) aoea o i?aoeacaeaoiiio a?oe? (26-55 ?ie?a).
O ia?aaaaeii? a?eueoino? oai?eo niinoa??aaeenue ianooii? oi?ie ACCOII:
ea?aoieoe – 20, oo?oieoe – 18, iaia?eoe?e – 27, aanoean – 23 ? oea?iiia
– 20 aeiaaee?a. Caaaeueia e?euee?noue oaeeo iaoe??io?a noaiiaeea 108
niinoa?aaeaiue (69,7%).
I?e aiae?c? ?iciiae?eo oai?eo ca?aeii i?ioan?eieo eaoaai??e a?aei?/aia
iaaia caeiiii??i?noue. Oae, cia/ia /anoeia iaoe??io?a ( 84;
6
54,2%) i?aoethaaea o i’yoe iniiaieo ae?iaie/eo oeaoao i?aei?e?inoaa –
i?aniai-caaio?aaeueiiio – 12, iaoai?/ii-neeaaeaeueiiio – 17,
?ino?oiaioaeueiiio – 11, aeaeo?icaa?thaaeueiiio – 23, aeiiii?aeiiio –
21. Oea a?aeca?eaethaaei aca?iica’ycie caoai?thaaiiino? ia ACCOII ?c
oa?aeoa?ii ae?iaieoeoaa oa oiiaaie i?aoe?.
O ee?i?/i?e ea?oei? ACCOII o iaoe??io?a, ye? e?eoaaeenue a IN*
aeii?ioaaa ae?aaeaiee aieueiaee neiae?ii (103 niinoa?aaeaiiy) c
eieae?caoe??th aieth o ae?eyioe? caiaeaiiy, a oaeiae i?aeaeuaiiy
oaiia?aoo?e o?ea (91). Eieeaaiiy oaiia?aoo?ii? e?eai? eiinoaoiaaii o
iaaeao a?ae 37,0 ( 0,4 aei 39,2 ( 0,6 (N. I?e ee?i?/iiio ianoaaeaii?
niinoa??aaeenue ianooii? neiioiie: noo?noue neeciaeo (54), aieiaiee
a?eue (55), oao?ea?ae?y (67). I?noeaa? i?iyae caiaeueiiai i?ioeano
eiinoaoiaaii o an?o iaeyiooeo oai?eo. O 96 aeiaaeeao niinoa??aaeanue
ciia ?io?eueo?aoe?? oeaiei c /?oeith a?ia?ai??th oe??e, i?noeaaei
i?aeaeuaiiyi oaiia?aoo?e. O 88 niinoa?aaeaiiyo a?aei?/aeenue iciaee
oetheooaoe??, ye? noi?iaiaeaeoaaeenue iayai?noth “ioeuenoth/iai” aieth.
Aeey caaacia/aiiy nenoaiiino? ianoaaeaiiy oa e?eoaaiiy oai?eo aoei
canoiniaaii ae?a?iinoe/ii-e?eoaaeueiee aeai?eoi c oaeith iine?aeiai?noth
ae?a?iinoe/ieo caoiae?a: caaaeueia ioe?iea noaio oai?iai (a?eue,
oaiia?aoo?a o?ea, oao?ea?ae?y); aecia/aiiy o?aaioth/iai oaeoi?o (aeai?
aiaiiaco); ioe?iea iciae ia?eoieaeueiiai caiaeaiiy; nooi?iue ? aeeaeia
iioe?aiiy ai?eiiai i?ioeano; iayai?noue ai?eieo eeoaiue; ?ici?uaiiy o
cii? caiaeaiiy aaeeeeo ia??no?aeueieo noaeei ? ia?aiaeo noiaao??a;
iayai?noue ? e?euee?noue ai?eiiai aenoaeaoo, eiai oa?aeoa? ?
eiinenoaioe?y.
E?eoaaeueii-oaeoe/iee i?aeo?ae ioiiethaaa oae? eiiiiiaioe: aea??
iaoiaeo e?eoaaiiy (eiina?aaoeaia, iia?aoeaia); ?ic?iaeaiiy ieaio
iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy; iioeiaeueia cia/oeaiiy; aecia/aiiy
eieae?caoe?? iiaeeeaeo eiio?aia?oo?; ioe?iea aeeoo?caeaoiino? o?aaeaieo
oeaiei (eie??, ioeuenaoe?y noaeei, ?aaeoe?y ia iiae?aciaiiy); aea??
iaoiaeo ae?aioaaiiy ?aie; aecia/aiiy aeiaeaoeiaeo iaoiae?a
o?c?ioa?aiaaoe/iiai aieeao ia ?aio.
O??o???/ia e?eoaaiiy oai?eo ia ACCOII iieyaaei o iiaiioe?iiiio ?ice?eoo?
ai?eii-caiaeueiiai aiaieua c ianooiiei i?noeaaei aeei?en-oaiiyi
aioeaaeoa??aeueieo cania?a. On? o??o???/i? iai?ioeyoe?? i?iaiaeeee i?ae
i?noeaaith ?io?eueo?aoeaiith oa i?ia?aeieeiaith aianoac??th. Iiaiioe?iia
a?aeo?eaiiy ai?eiiai aenoaeaoo caaacia/oaaei aeei?enoaiiy ae?aiaae?a o
aeaeyae? aoiiaeo aeioneiee?a, iie?oei?a?i?eiaeo o?oaie oa ia?eaaeo
oaiiii?a.
7
O i?neyiia?aoe?eiiio ia??iae? iaoe??io?a ia?oi? a?oie e?eoaaee ca?aeii
?c caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie iaoiaeeeaie, o oai?eo ae?oai? a?oie canoiniaoaaee
iiaee i?aia?ao oeoiaeneae, iaoe??ioai o?aouei? a?oie o i?noeaaiio
e?eoaaii? aeei?enoiaoaaee aie?eaoe?? 30% ?ic/eio aeeiaeneaeo.
I?e i?iaaaeaii? ianoaaeaiue oai?eo aoee aeei?enoai? caaaeueiii?eeiyo?
ee?i?/i? ? eaai?aoi?i? iaoiaee, aeiiiaiai? iaoiaeeeaie ca?aeii
oe?eueiaeo ianoaiia ?iaioe. Aei ieo a?aeiineeenue: aaeoa??i-ei??/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy c aecia/aiiy oa?aeoa?o iaoi?aiii? i?e?ioei?e oa ??
e?euee?niith ioe?ieith a?aeiia?aeii aei iaeaco IIC N?N? ?535 a?ae
22.04.1985 ?. “Ia oieoeeaoeee iee?iaeieiae/aneeo (aeieiae/aneeo)
iaoiaeia enneaaeiaaiey, i?eiaiyaiuo a eeeieei–aeeaaiinoe/aneeo
eaai?aoi?eyo, ea/aaii–i?ioeeaeoe/aneeo o/?aaeaeaiee” oa aecia/aiiy
/ooeeaino? i?e?iaieo anioe?aoe?e aei ?yaeo iniiaieo aioea?ioee?a [ca
A.I.Iaeueieeiaith,1970]; iaoiaeeea ieai?iao?e/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy [ca
E.I.Iiiiaith, 1942 o iiaeeo?eaoe?? R.Gatty, 1965]; oeeoiei??/i?
aein-e?aeaeaiiy a?iin?eiiai iaoa??aeo c aiaieua caiaeaiiy [ca
I.O.Eaia?aui, 1954].
Ine?eueee aea/aiiy iiaiai i?aia?aoo ia?aaeaa/aei iaaiee ia’?i
aeiee?i?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue aoei aeeiiaii aenia?eiaioaeueiee o?a?iaio
iaoeiai? ?iaioe. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeenue a?aeiia?aeii c
“Iaoiaee/ieie ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yie, uiaei aenia?eiaioaeueiiai oa ee?i?/iiai
aea/aiiy iiaeo e?ea?nueeeo cania?a”, aeiia aei aeiee?i?/iiai
canoinoaaiiy ? aea/aiiy caaaeueiioiene/ii? ae?? iiaeo oa?iaeiei??/ieo
?a/iaei. Aeey aenia?eiaioo aeei?enoai? aacii?iaei? a?e? uo??, ye? ia?aae
i?iaaaeaiiyi aeine?aeaeaiue ciaoiaeeeenue 14 aei?a ia ea?aioei? [ca?aeii
aei “Nai?oa?ieo i?aaee uiaei no?oeoo?e ? oo?eiaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo
a?ieia?/ieo ee?i?e (a?aa???a)”, iaeac ?755 a?ae 12.08.1977 ?.]. I?ae /an
i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioo oaa?eie ia?aaoaaee ia cae/aeiiio ?aoe?ii?
oa?/oaaiiy c iaai?o iaoo?aeueieo ei?i?a ?c o?aooaaiiyi ii?i aiaeoaaiiy
eaai?aoi?ieo oaa?ei [a?aeiia?aeii aei aeiiiaiaiiy a?ae 04.12.1978 ?. aei
iaeaco ?163 a?ae 10.03.1966 ?. “I?i aeiaia? ii?ie aiaeoaaiiy
eaai?aoi?ieo oaa?ei ? i?iaeooeaio?a”]. Oaa?eie oo?eioaaeenue o
noaiaea?oieo ee?oeao-oa??a??oiao.
Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue i?aeaeaaaee iaoaiaoe/iiio
ia/eneaiith oa aiae?co ca?aeii ?c caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie iaoiaeaie
aa??aoe?eii? noaoenoeee (e?eoa???i Nouethaeaioa-O?oa?a).
8
?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaieo aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue. I?iaaaeaiiy
aeiee?i?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ia?aaeaa/aei aea/aiiy ianooiieo e?eoa???a:
– aino?i? oiene/iino? i?aia?aoo;
– oe??ii-?aciaoeaii? ae??;
– ?aiicaaith/i? ae??;
– ae?? oeoiaeneaeo ia caai?iiy ai?eii? ?aie.
Aecia/aiiy aino?i? oiene/iino? i?aia?aoo i?iaiaeeeinue o aeaio a?oiao
oaa?ei (eiio?ieuei?e oa i?aeaeine?aei?e), oeyoii i?aeoe??iiai aaaaeaiiy
o?c?iei??/iiai ?ic/eio oa oeoiaeneaeo o aeic? 25 ie/e? iane uo?a.
Caaaeueia o?eaae?noue niinoa?aaeaiiy noaiiaeea 14 ae?a. I?iaaaeai?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeyaeee, ui oeoiaeneae ? iaeioiene/iei ine?eueee
ee?i?/ieo neiioii?a ?ioieneeaoe?? oa caaeaae? oaa?ei ia
niinoa??aaeinue,a i?e??no iane o eiio?ieuei?e oa i?aeaeine?aeieo a?oiao
oaa?ei aoa i?aeoe/ii iaeiaeiaei. Oae ia ii/aoie aenia?eiaioo aaaa
eiio?ieueieo oaa?ei neeaaeaea 181,0 ( 6,0 ?, a ia eiai cae?i/aiiy 201,0
± 4,71 ? (p
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