?inoeooo ei?i?a
Oe?a?inueei? aeaaeai?? aa?a?ieo iaoe
A?iieoeueeee aea?aeaaiee n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeee ?inoeooo
Eaaoi Ieaenaiae? Oaaei?iae/
OAeE: 636.087:633.1:636.085.52
EIINA?AOTH*A Ae?ss I?II?IIIAI? EENEIOE
? IIAEO EIINA?AAIO?A I?E CAAIO?AE?
AIEIAIAI CA?IA ? NEEINO
06.02.02 — aiae?aey oaa?ei ? oaoiieia?y ei?i?a
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe
A?iieoey — 1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa aeeiiaia ia aac? eieaeoeaiiai
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai i?aei?e?inoaa “Aa?eaaeeiea” Aa?oaaenueeiai
?aeiio A?iieoeueei? iaeano?, aeine?aeiiio ainiiaea?noa? “Aioiieoeueea”
oa eaai?aoi??? i?aeaeuaiiy iiaeeaiino? ei?i?a ?inoeoooo ei?i?a OAAI.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?,
/eai-ei?aniiiaeaio OAAI, caneoaeaiee ae?y/ iaoee ? oaoi?ee Oe?a?ie EOEEE
Ieoaeei Oaaei?iae/, ?inoeooo ei?i?a OAAI, cano. aee?aeoi?a c iaoeiai?
?iaioe.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?,
IACO?AIEI Ieeiea Ieaenaiae?iae/, A?iieoeueeee aea?aeaaiee
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeee ?inoeooo, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith oaoiieia??
ae?iaieoeoaa i?iaeoeoe?? oaa?eiieoeoaa;
eaiaeeaeao n.-a. iaoe, aeioeaio IIAICI?EIA Ieeiea Aaa?eeiae/,
Iiae?euenueea aea?aeaaia aa?a?ii-oaoi?/ia aeaaeai?y, eaoaae?a aiae?ae?
oaa?ei ? oaoiieia?? ei?i?a, i. Eai’yiaoeue-Iiae?euenueeee.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Aea?aeaaia aa?iaeieia?/ia aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie,
eaoaae?a aiae?ae? oaa?ei ? oaoiieia?? ei?i?a, i. AEeoiie?.
Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “____”_____________1998 ?ieo i ____
aiaeei? ia can?aeaii? ni?eueii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae
05.367.01 ?inoeoooo ei?i?a OAAI ? A?iieoeueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ?inoeoooo ca aae?anith: 287100 i. A?iieoey,
i?ini. THiino?, 16.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo ei?i?a
OAAI.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “____”_____________1998 ?ieo.
A/aiee nae?aoa? ni?eueii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,
eaiaeeaeao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe Aaoaoeueea O. ss.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Ciaioaiiy ao?ao iiaeeaieo ?a/iaei i?e caaio?ae? ?
caa??aaii? ??cieo aeae?a ei?i?a ? iaea?aeaiiy c ieo ei?io, yeee iaei
iiaeiai a?ae??ciyoeny a?ae aeo?aeii? iane ca ei?iiaeie aeanoeainoyie,
caeeoa?oueny iaeiei ?c iaeaaaii?oeo caaaeaiue ei?iiae?iaieoeoaa.
Iiooe iiaeo eiina?aaio?a ye? a caaeiaieueiyee aeiiae uiaei aeniei?
eiina?aoth/i? ae??, aeinooii? aeey aeei?enoaiiy, aacia/i?noue a?aeiinii
aieeao ia i?iaeoeoe?th oaa?eiieoeoaa, a ioaea ia caei?ia’y ethaeae oa
aeiiii?/ii aea?aei? aeey oiaa?iae?iaieea — ana oea iieeaaeaii a iniiao
aeooaeueiino? ?iaioe.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
?iaioa aoiaeeoue aei iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? i?ia?aie “Ei?iiae-?iaieoeoai”
“?ic?iaeoe ciiaeuei? aeieia?/ii aacia/i? nenoaie ae?iaieoeoaa
aenieia?eeiaeo ei?i?a, ye? caaacia/othoue iaea?aeaiiy c 1 aa iin?ao 7-9
o ei?iiaeo iaeeieoeue ? 1,0-1,4 o a?eea”, caaaeaiiy 05. “?ic?iaeoe ?
ai?iaaaeeoe oaoiieia?th caaio?ae? aenieiye?niiai neeino c eoeo?oaece c
aeei?enoaiiyi a?iaaiieo eiina?aaio?a” oa caaaeaiiy 06. “?ic?iaeoe iia?
eiina?aaioe aeey aieiaiai ca?ia oa oaoiieia?? eiai caa??aaiiy a aa?iaieo
oa aiaa?iaieo oiiaao”.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue iieyaathoue o aea/aii? eiina?aoth/i? ae??
i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe, iiei/iieeneeo aaeoa??e i?aia?aoo “E?oinee”
a?o/eciyiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, oaeiai ae oeio i?aia?aoo ca?oa?aeiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa oa iiaeo eiina?aaio?a a?ieia?/iiai ? i?ia?aeueiiai
iioiaeaeaiiy.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny
aenia?eiaioaeueiei iaa?oiooaaiiyi aeniei? eiina?aoth/i? ae?? ?ic?iaeaieo
iaie iiaeo eiina?aaio?a a?ieia?/iiai ? i?ia?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? o aeei?enoai?
i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe a aeic? 10-14 e/o aeey eiina?aoaaiiy aieiaiai ca?ia
eoeo?oaece, y/iaith, ioaieoe? oa ai?ioo a aa?iaieo oiiaao oa 3 ea/o aeey
iiae??aiaiiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece a aiaa?iaieo oiiaao, a?ieia?/iiai
eiina?aaioo ?ineeiiiai iioiaeaeaiiy i?e neeinoaaii? eoeo?oaece ?
ethoea?ie, a oaeiae eiina?aaioo i?ia?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy aeey aieiaiai
ca?ia eoeo?oaece a aiaa?iaieo oiiaao.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a a ianyc? aeeiiaii? ?iaioe iieyaa? a
naiino?eiiio i?iaaaeaii?, inai?ii? oa aeeeaaeaii? iniiaieo iaoiae?a
aeine?aeaeaiue. Naiino?eii i?iaaaeai? oaoiieia?/i? aeine?aee ii
eiina?aoaaiith oa caa??aaiith a aa?iaieo oiiaao aieiaiai ca?ia
eoeo?oaece, ioaieoe?, y/iaith oa ai?ioo a ainiiaea?noaao A?iieoeueei?
iaeano?. Eaai?aoi?i? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeeny a oiiaao eaai?aoi???
i?aeaeuaiiy iiaeeaiino? ei?i?a, iaoeiai-ae?iaie/? ia aac? aeine?aeiiai
ainiiaea?noaa “Aioiieoeueea” ?inoeoooo ei?i?a OAAI. ?c ni?eueieo
iaoeiaeo aenia?eiaio?a ? ioae?eaoe?e aeena?oaioii ca caiaeith
ni?aaaoi??a aeei?enoaii eeoa naith /anoeio ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
aoee iieeaaeai? a iniiao i?iaaaeaieo a A?iieoeuee?e iaeano? nai?ia??a o
1995-1997 ??., ca o/anoth o??ie “Iooae” i?e aeeiiaii? i?iaeoo
TACIS/93/A&F UK9302 “Aaeineiiaeaiiy oiia ca?iicaa??aaiiy”.
Aeiiia?aeaeeny iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? ia i?aeia?iaei?e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? (Euea?a, 9-11 aeiaoiy 1997 ?.) “No/ani?
i?iaeaie aaoa?eia?ii? iaaeeoeeie, cii?iaeaia??? oa oaoiieia?e i?iaeoeo?a
oaa?eiieoeoaa”.
Ioae?eaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iioae?eiaai? a ni?aaaoi?noa? a 4-o iaoeiaeo
noaooyo ? iaei?e eiec? “Aaeineiiaeaiiy oaoiieia?? caa??aaiiy ?
aeei?enoaiiy ca?ia”.
Ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 111 eenoao eiii’thoa?ii-ai
oaenoo ? neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, i’yoe ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a oa
i?iiiceoe?e ae?iaieoeoao. ?iaioa aeeth/a? 11 oaaeeoeue ? 22 iaethiee.
Aei nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e aoiaeeoue 196 aeaea?ae.
IAOA??AEE OA IAOIAeE AeINE?AeAEAIUe
A iniiao ?iaioe iieeaaeaii aea/aiiy eiina?aoth/i? caeaoiino?
i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe ? iiaeo eiina?aaio?a ?ineeiiiai ? i?ia?aeueiiai
iioiaeaeaiiy i?e caaio?ae? neeino c eoeo?oaece, i?aea’yeaii? caeaii?
iane ethoea?ie oa aieiaiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece. Ii?yae c oeei eiina?aoaaee
i?ii?iiiaith eeneioith ca?ii ioaieoe?, y/iaith oa ai?ioo.
Aea/aiiy aeeiai?ee, ?ioaineaiino? oa o?eaaeino? a?iaeeeueieo i?ioean?a
o caeeaaeai?e ei?iia?e ian? /e aieiaiio ca?i? i?iaiaeeee a 3-o e?o?iaeo
neeyieo ?ieinoyo, ye? c’?aeioaaee ii oeio niieo/aieo noaeei c ?ie?noth c
iane/aiei ?ic/eiii eooiiii? nie?. Ii e?eueeino? aeo?niaii? ??aeeie a
ca??io ?ie?noue noaeeee i?i ia’?i aeae?eaieo aac?a ye iieacieea
?ioaineaiino? i?io?eaiiy a?iaeeeueieo i?ioean?a oa eiina?aoth/i? ae??
iiaeo eiina?aaio?a ?ineeiiiai ? i?ia?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy. Iae?e
aeae?eaiiy aac?a i?iaiaeeee uiaeiaiai ?c ?ic?aooieo ni3 ia 1 ea
aeine?aeaeo?iiai ei?io. Eiioeaio?aoe?th ai?aeo aecia/aee ca eeane/iei
iaoiaeii Eiiaay. Ai?no i?aai?/ieo eeneio ? nie?o?a a eiina?aiaaieo
ei?iao ae?aaeaee a % ? aecia/aee c aeei?enoaiiyi aaciaiai o?iiaoia?aoa
“O?ii-5”. Aecia/aiiy caaaeueii? eeneioiino? oa aaee/eie ?I eiina?aiaaieo
ei?i?a i?iaiaeeee ca caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie iaoiaeeeaie.
Aiae?c aeaeiaiai neeaaeo a?ea?a ? e?euee?noue eieii?eooai?thth/eo
iaeeieoeue (EOI) i?iaiaeeeenue ca “Iaoiaee/ieie aeac?aeaie ii
nai?oa?ii-i?eieia?/i?e ioe?ioe? ? iie?auaiith yeino? ei?i?a” (1986).
Aecia/aiiy i?iaiaeeeinue ca oaeith noaiith: c?acie ca?ia ?iciaethaaee o
ieeieo oeio “I??oao”, iio?i 1 a iaea?aeaiiai ai?ioia ?icaiaeeee o 100
?ac?a aiaeith, i?ney /iai ?iaeee aen?a ia iiaeeaia na?aaeiaeua o /aoee
“Iao??”. *aoee “Iao??” aeo?eioaaee a oa?iinoao? i?ioyaii 10 aei?a, i?ney
/iai i?iaiaeeee i?ae?aooiie EOI ? aecia/aee aeaeiaee neeaae a?ea?a.
Ca?aeii ii?iaoea?a e?euee?noue EOI a 1 a ca?ia ia iiaeiia ia?aaeuoaaoe
10 000 aeey a?ea?a ?iae?a Aspergillus, Alternaria, Mucor, Penicillium,
Rhizopus oa 200 — aeey ?iaeo Fusarium i?e caiaeiaoaaii? oaa?eiai, a
oaeiae ioeoe?.
Aiae?ce c?ace?a ca?ia ia aieiao, acio, ne?ee i?ioa?i, ne?ee aee?, ne?o
ee?oeiaeio, cieo, eaeueoe?e, oinoi? ? ?ic/eii? aoaeaaiaee i?iaiaeeee
ca?aeii “?oeiaiaenoaa ii aiaeecai ei?iia” (1982).
Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeee ii aea/aiith aieeao i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe ia
aeeiai?eo oa ?ioaineai?noue oa?iaioaoe?? iiae??aiaiiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece,
a?io?i?/i? i?ioeane ? i?e?ia?ieia?/io caa?oaeiai?noue oe?eiai ca?ia.
Eiina?aoth/a ae?y iiaiai a?ieia?/iiai eiina?aaioo ?ineeiiiai
iioiaeaeaiiy i?e neeinoaaii? eoeo?oaece aea/aeany a ii??aiyii? c
aaeoa??aeueieie caeaaneaie, a i?e neeinoaaii? i?aea’yeaii? iane
ethoea?ie aeine?aeaeoaaeanue eiina?aoth/a caeaoi?noue eiina?aaio?a
a?ieia?/iiai ? i?ia?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeeny
oaeiae ii ?ic?iaoe? iiaeo eiina?aaio?a aeey aieiaiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece a
aiaa?iaieo oiiaao.
A iniiao a?ieia?/iiai eiina?aaioo iieeaaeaii oiiei iiae??aiaia ca?ii
a??/eoe? a?ei?, a eiina?aaioo i?ia?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy — i?e?iaeiee
i?ia?ae naiii?o.
?ACOEUeOAOE AeINE?AeAEAIUe
“I?iiei?i” — oea 100% aeoeaiee ??aeeiiee eiina?aaio, ui aaco?oueny ia
ei?iia?e i?ii?iiia?e eeneio?. I?e ia?iaoe? iei aieiaiai ca?ia
i?eieiy?oueny ?iciianthaeaeaiiy ie?niyae oa aaeoa??e. Ca?ii, yea
i?aeeyaa? ia?iaoe? i?iiei?iii, oea — iaan, ioaieoey, y/i?iue, ni?ai,
eoeo?oaeca, aiaia? oa aoaeue-yea ?ioa ca?ii, yea iiaeia iiaeaaaoe /a?ac
oiaeiaee o?ainii?oa?.
Oaeaee?noue iioieo i?iiei?ia aecia/a?oueny ai?noii aieiae o ca?i? ?
aeo?aeiith iiooaei?noth oiaea. sseui aieia?noue i?aeaeuo?oueny, oi
i?aeaeuo?oueny ? ni?eyoeea?noue aei ?io?eoaaiiy, oaeei /eiii, ia oiio
oaeiai ca?ia aeiaaa?oueny a?eueoa i?iiei?io (oaae. 1).
Oaaeeoey 1
Ii?ie ia?iaee ca?ia i?iiei?iii e/o a caeaaeiino?
a?ae aieiaino? oa no?ie?a caa??aaiiy
Ai?no aieiae a ca?i?, % No?iee caa??aaiiy, i?nyoe?
1 3 6 12
16 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,5
20 4,5 5,5 6,5 7,5
24 5,5 7,0 8,5 9,5
28 7,0 9,0 10,5 11,5
32 9,0 11,0 12,5 14,5
40 14,0 16,0 18,0 20,5
50 2,15 23,5 26,0 29,5
Niaoe?aeueii neiino?oeiaai? aie?eaoi?e iiaeooue ia?iaeyoe aei 25 o
ca?ia ca aiaeeio ? caaacia/eoe ia?iaeo iiai?noth anueiai ca?ia.
Aaaeeeai, uia o? aeaoaeuei? ?ino?oeoe??, ui ? aei eiaeiiai aie?eaoi?a,
?aoaeueii aeeiioaaeenue.
I?iiei?i iiaeiai aeei?enoiaoaaoenue o?eueee aeey eiina?aoaaiiy
oo?aaeiiai ca?ia. A?i caiia?aa? i?i?inoaiith ca?ia, oiio eiai ia
canoiniaothoue aeey ia?iaee iin?aiiai iaoa??aeo oa nieiaeiaiai ca?ia.
Caa??aaiiy ca?ia, ia?iaeaiiai i?ii?iiiaith eeneioith, a aa?iaieo
oiiaao. Ca?ii, ia?iaeaia i?ii?iiiaith eeneioith, iio??aii caoenoeoe a?ae
aieiae, a naia: aeiuo, ni?ao, eiiaeainaoe?? aieiaino? ? eoaeieo
iaoa??ae?a (aaoii, aaiii, i?ini/aia aea?aai). Oeueiio iiaeia caiia?aoe,
yeui ae?eoe i?aeeiao /e no?ie /enoei iie?aoeeaiiaei iie?eooyi, /e
aeoa?aoaaoe aiieneaeiith niieith.
Ca?ii y/iaith, ioaieoe? oa ai?ioo c aieia?noth 20-25% aoei ia?iaeaia
i?ii?iiiaith eeneioith a ainiiaea?noaao A?iieoeueeiai, Aa?oaaenueeiai oa
I?ao?anueeiai ?aeii?a A?iieoeueei? iaeano?, ca?ii eoeo?oaece aieia?noth
30-35% — a ainiiaea?noaao Caeieaoi?anueeiai ?aeiio ??aiainueei? iaeano?
oa Noa?ieiinoaioei?anueeiai ?aeiio Oiaeueieoeueei? iaeano?. Ca?ii
caa??aaeiny a ao?oao ia e?eoeo oieao aac oe?eooy iie?aoeeaiiaith
ie?aeith.
I?eieia?/iee aiae?c ca?ia. ?acoeueoaoe aiae?c?a na?ae/aoue, ui o aieia?e
ioaieoe? n. Aa?iiii?/ia aeyaeaii 4 aeaee a?ea?a, na?aae yeeo ia?aaaaea?
Aspergillus Candidas, e?euee?noue EOI neeaaea? 19000 ia 1 a ca?ia. O
ia?iaeaiiio i?iiei?iii o aeic? 10 e/o ca?i? /a?ac 116 aei?a i?ney
caeeaaeee o ao?o aeyaeaiee Penicillium specium o e?eueeino? 200 EOI ia 1
a ca?ia (ia aeeeth/aii iiiaaeaiiy nii? Penicillium c iia?o?y i?e
a?aeai?? c?acea aeey i?iaaaeaiiy aiae?co). *a?ac 160 aei?a i?ney
caeeaaeee ?inoo a?ea?a ia aeyaeaii. Iaea?aeai? aeai? na?ae/aoue i?i
cia/io ooia?oeeaeio ae?th i?iiei?io i?e eiina?aoaaii? ioaieoe?.
Ia?iaeaio i?iiei?iii ioaieoeth iiaeeeai oaeiae aeei?enoiaoaaoe ia ei?i
iieiaeiyeo ? ioeoe? ia a?aei?io a?ae iaia?iaeaiiai ca?ia, aea
e?euee?noue EOI ia 1 a ca?ia ia?aaeuo? ii?io o 1,9 ?aca.
Aiae?ce c?ace?a iaia?iaeaiiai y/iaith n. Ae?e?aea oa O?aie?aea
na?ae/aoue i?i eiai aenieo caa?oaeiai?noue nii?aie a?ea?a. Oae,
e?euee?noue eieii?eooai?thth/eo iaeeieoeue ia 1 a ca?ia a iiiaio
caeeaaeee aeine?aeo o Ae?e?aoe? noaiiaeea 36400, aea ia?aaaaeath/ei
aeaeii aoa Altternaria specium. Nooa ca?ii y/iaith, yea aoei a?ae?a?aia
/a?ac 3 i?nyoe? i?ney cae?aiiy (n. Ae?e?aea) iaei 18000 EOI ia 1 a ca?ia
? ia?aaaaeath/ei aeaeii aoa ?anicillium specium, nii?e Alternaria a
oaeiio aeiaaeeo ia i?i?inoaee. O c?aceo iaia?iaeaiiai ca?ia y/iaith n.
O?aie?aea, a?ae?a?aiiai /a?ac 75 aei?a i?ney caeeaaeee aeine?aeo,
iae?/oaaeinue 19000 EOI ia 1 a ca?ia, aea ia?aaaaeath/ei aeaeii aoa
Aspergillus candidus. Ia?iaeaia i?iiei?iii ca?ii y/iaith (n. Ae?e?aea —
a aeic? 6,5 e/o) iaei eeoa 8000 EOI ia 1 a ca?ia, aea ia?aaaaeath/ei
aeaeii oaeiae aoea Alternaria specium, ye ? a iaia?iaeaiiio ca?i?. Oaeei
/eiii, ia?iaea i?iiei?iii ciaioeea e?euee?noue EOI o 4,5 ?ac. *a?ac C
i?nyoe? a ia?iaeaiiio i?iiei?iii ca?i? niinoa??aaeinue eeoa 4400 EOI c
ia?aaaaeath/ei aeaeii ?anicillium specium. I?ney 168 aei?a a?ae
caeeaaeee aeine?aeo aeyaeeinue eeoa 200 EOI ia?iaeaiiai i?iiei?iii ?
caeeoeany eeoa iaeei aeae Penicillium specium. Ia?iaeaia i?iiei?iii
ca?ii y/iaith (n. O?aie?aea — a aeic? 7 e/o) i?noeei 10000 EOI ia 1 a
ca?ia /a?ac 75 aei?a i?ney ia?iaee, aea ia?aaaaeath/ei aeaeii aoa
Aspergillus candidus, ye ? a iaia?iaeaiiio ca?i?. *a?ac 91 aeaiue oa
/a?ac 139 aei?a ?inoo nii? a?ea?a o ia?iaeaiiio i?iiei?iii ca?i? ia
aeyaeaii. Oaeei /eiii, iiaeia a?aecia/eoe, ui ia?iaea i?iiei?iii ciaioo?
e?euee?noue EOI a?ae?aco i?ney ia?iaee aei aeiionoeiiai ??aiy ?
iiai?noth ?iaeoeao? nii?e a?ea?a ?iaeo Fusarium, ye? ? iaea?eueo
oiene/ieie aeey aiae?ae? iieiaeiyea ? ioeoe?, a i?e o?eaaeiio caa??aaii?
ca?ia iiai?noth ?iaeoeao? an? nii?e a?ea?a.
?acoeueoaoe aiae?c?a ai?ioo (n. O?aie?aea — a aeic? 7,5 e/o) na?ae/aoue
i?i aeniea caa?oaeiaiiy ca?ia nii?aie a?ea?a. Oae, iaia?iaeaiee ai?io
i?noea 25000 EOI ia 1 a ca?ia c ia?aaaaeath/ei aeaeii Alternaria
specium. Iaeiae, iaia?iaeaiee c?acie ai?ioo, acyoee /a?ac 75 aei?a i?ney
ii/aoeo aeine?aeo, iaa 16000 EOI ia 1 a ca?ia c ia?aaaaeath/ei aeaeii
Aspergillus flavus oa a?aenooi?noth Fusarium oxysporum, e?euee?noue
yeiai aoea aeoaea aenieith — 7000 EOI ia 1 a ca?ia o iiia?aaeiueiio
c?aceo. Ia?iaeaiee i?iiei?iii ai?io iaa oaea /a?ac 75 aei?a 8000 EOI ia
1 a ca?ia c ia?aaaaeath/ei aeaeii Aspergillus flavus. *a?ac 91 aeaiue oa
/a?ac 139 aei?a ?inoo nii? a?ea?a o ia?iaeaiiio i?iiei?iii ca?i? ia
aeyaeaii. Aeeeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui
i?iiei?i ? aoaeoeaiei eiina?aaioii aeey aieiaiai ca?ia ai?ioo. I?e
ianoaaeaii? ca?ia ai?ioo, iaia?iaeaiiai oa ia?iaeaiiai i?iiei?iii, aoa
aeyaeaiee a?ooon, ui na?ae/eoue i?i iaoiene/i?noue i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe
aeey eiiao.
Ca?aaeai?noue nii?aie a?ea?a Acanthoscelides obtectus aieiaiai ca?ia
eoeo?oaece iacia/ia, ii??aiyii c ioaieoeath, y/iaiai oa ai?ioii. Oae,
iaia?iaeaia ca?ii eoeo?oaece n. Ae?e?aea iae?/oaaei 3500 EOI ia 1 a
ca?ia, n. O?aie?aea — 2400 EOI, n. Eiieoe?a — 3000 EOI c ia?aaaaeath/ei
aeaeii ?anicillium specium o an?o o?ueio c?aceao. O c?aceo iaia?iaeaiiai
aieiaiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece, ui i?ieaaeaa 3 aei? o ao?o?, aeyaeythoueny
ca?ia, iie?eo? a?eaiei iaoa?oaaiiyi a?eiai, n??iai, ei?e/iaaiai
eieuei??a, aeaye? ca?ia — a a?oaeeao. I?e i?e?ineii?/iiio aeine?aeaeaii?
ne?aae?a ?c ca?ai niinoa??aa?oueny iaeii- oa aaaaoiee?oeiiee i?oeae?e ?
aaee/acia e?euee?noue nii? a?ea?a ?c ?iae?a ?anicillium, Ienir ?
Fusarium. Iin?a ia /aoee “Iao??” o ?icaaaeaii? 1:100 ? 1:1000 ia aeyaea
?inoo a?ea?a, eiia??ii, oea iia’ycaii c aenieith eiioeaio?aoe??th
oienei?a, ui aeae?eythoueny a?eaaie, ye? i?eieiyee ?icaeoie aeanieo nii?
a?ea?a. I?e ia?iaoe? i?iiei?iii aieiaiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece a aeic? 15 e/o
— n. Ae?e?aea, 5 e/o — n. O?aie?aea oa 14 e/o — n. Eiieoe?a ia aeyaeaii
?inoo nii? a?ea?a c?aco ae i?ney ia?iaee ? i?ioyaii ia??iaeo
niinoa?aaeaiiy. Iaeiae, i?e aeine?aeaeaii? ao?oa aieiaiai ca?ia
eoeo?oaece, ia?iaeaii? i?iiei?iii o n. Ae?e?aea, aoei aeyaeaii a
na?aaei?e /anoei? iioeiaeaeaiiai ao?oa ieanoe ca?ia, iioeiaeaeaiiai
a?eaaie. Iayai?noue iioeiaeaeaiiai ca?ia o na?aaeei? ao?oa iia’ycaia c
iaye?niith ia?iaeith ca?ia i?iiei?iii ? iecueeith aeeooc??th i?ii?iiiai?
eeneioe. I?e iecuee?e ca?aaeaiino? nii?aie a?ea?a aieiaiai ca?ia
eoeo?oaece ? a?aoiaoth/e ooia?oeeaeiee aoaeo i?iiei?io, iiaeia
aeei?enoiaoaaoe aeaiee eiina?aaio a iecueeeo aeicao — 5 e/o. Iaeiae,
iaiao?aeii oaeineiiaeeoe oaoiieia?th ia?iaee ca?ia oeei eiina?aaioii,
uia ia aeiionoeoe iiiaaeaiiy o ao?o iaia?iaeaiiai ca?ia.
A?io?i?/iee aiae?c ca?ia. Acio ? a?aeiia?aeii ne?ee i?ioa?i o
iaia?iaeaieo ? ia?iaeaieo i?iiei?iii c?aceao i?aeoe/ii ia ci?ithaaany.
Ai?no ?ic/eiieo aoaeaaiae?a o eiina?aiaai?e ioaieoe? oa y/iai? i?ioyaii
ia??iaeo caa??aaiiy i?aeoe/ii ia ci?ithaaany. O eiina?aiaaiiio ai?in?
niinoa??aaeinue ciaioaiiy ??aiy ?ic/eiieo aoaeaaiae?a iaeaea ia 1% i?ney
140 aei?a caa??aaiiy. O eiina?aiaaiiio ca?i? eoeo?oaece i?aeoe/ii ia
a?aecia/aeinue ci?i ??aiy ?ic/eiieo aoaeaaiae?a.
Aieea i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe ia aeeiai?eo oa ?ioaineai?noue oa?iaioaoe??
iiae??aiaiiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece. Aeine?ae i?iaiaeeee a eaai?aoi?ieo
oiiaao ?inoeoooo ei?i?a. Iiae??aiaia ca?ii eoeo?oaece aineiai? noeaeino?
aieia?noth 30% caeeaaeaee a neeyi? eaai?aoi?i? ?ieino? ca oaeith noaiith
(oaae. 2).
Oaaeeoey 2
Noaia aeine?aeo
Aa??aio Oa?aeoa?enoeea aa??aioa Aeica aianaiiy eiina?aaioa
? — eiio?ieueiee Iiae??aiaia ca?ii eoeo?oaece aineiai? noeaeino?,
aieia?noth 30% aac eiina?aaioa
—
?? — aeine?aeiee Iiae??aiaia ca?ii eoeo?oaece aineiai? noeaeino?,
aieia?noth 30% c eiina?aaioii i?iiei?i
3 ea/o
Eiio?ieai aoei ca?ii eoeo?oaece aieia?noth 30% aac eiina?aaioa. A
aeine?aeiee aa??aio aiineee eiina?aaio c ?ic?aooieo 3 ea/o. ?ieino? ?c
caeeaaeaiith eoeo?oaecith cae?eaaee u?eueieie e?eoeaie c iao?oaeii, yeee
c’?aeioaaee c ?ie?noth, iaiiaiaiith iane/aiei ?ic/eiii eooiiii? nie? (ca
iaoiaeii niieo/ieo iinoaeei). E?euee?noue aeae?eaieo aac?a a i?ioean?
oa?iaioaoe?? ei?io oenia ia ?ic/ei eooiiii? nie?, ? a?i o a?aeiia?aeiiio
ia’?i? aeoenea? n?eue o ca??io iinoaeeio. Ii e?eueeino? ??aeeie ca??ii?
iinoaeeie noaeeee i?i ?ioaineai?noue oa aeeiai?eo a?iae?iiy.
Aei??thaaiiy i?iaiaeeeenue uiaeaiii, aae aei i?eieiaiiy oa?iaioaoe??.
sse iieacaee ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue, o?eaae?noue a?iaeeeueieo
i?ioean?a o eiio?ieueiiio aa??aio? noaiiaeea 38 ae?a, a a aeine?aeiiio —
25.
E?euee?noue aeae?eaieo aac?a c 1 ea iane ca aanue ia??iae oa?iaioaoe??
a eiio?ieueiiio aa??aio? noaiiaeea 5085 ni3, a a aeine?aeiiio — eeoa
2275 ni3 (iae. 1), oiaoi 44,7% a?ae eiio?ieth, ui na?ae/eoue i?i
iiceoeai? yeino? eiina?aiaaiiai ca?ia i?e iae?e aeic? i?ii?iiiai?
eeneioe.
?en. 1. ?ioaineai?noue aaciaeae?eaiiy eiina?aiaaiiai
ca?ia eoeo?oaece
Eiina?aoth/a ae?y iiaiai a?ieia?/iiai eiina?aaioo ?ineeiiiai
iioiaeaeaiiy i?e neeinoaaii? eoeo?oaece a ii??aiyii? c aaeoa??aeueieie
caeaaneaie. Iaoith iaoeo aeine?aeaeaiue aoei aea/aiiy eiina?aoth/i? ae??
i?aia?aoo “E?oinee” eoeueoo?e iiei/iieeneeo aaeoa??e a?o/eciyiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa (Eaaeeaeeinueeee a?io?icaaiae A?iieoeueei? iaeano?) oa
aiae?enueeiai i?aia?aoo “Eko corn” a ii??aiyii? c iiaei a?ieia?/iei
i?aia?aoii ?ineeiiiai iioiaeaeaiiy ia iniia? ian?iiy a??/eoe? a?ei?
ni?oo Ea?ie?ia. Noaia aeine?aeo iaaaaeaia a oaaeeoe? 3.
Oaaeeoey 3
Noaia aeine?aeo
Aa??aio Oa?aeoa?enoeea aa??aioo
? eiio?ieueiee
?? aeine?aeiee
??? aeine?aeiee
?V aeine?aeiee Caeaia iana eoeo?oaece aac eiina?aaioa
Eoeo?oaeca + a?ieia?/ii ?ineeiiee eiina?aaio 10 ea/o
Eoeo?oaeca + “E?oinee” 5 a/o
Eoeo?oaeca + “Eko corn” 8 a/o
sseui a eiio?ieueiiio aa??aio? aeae?eaii, a ia?a?aooieo ia 1 ea iane,
3900 ni3 aac?a, oi a aa??aio? c a?ieia?/ii ?ineeiiei eiina?aaioii eeoa
1254 ni3 (iae. 2). Neeueii a?ae??ciyeanue a?ae eiio?ieth o?eaae?noue
a?iae?iiy o /an?. Oae, a eiio?ieueiiio aa??aio? aeae?eaiiy aac?a
i?ioiaeeei ia i?ioyc? 25 aei?a, a aa??aio? c “Eko corn” — 19 aei?a, c
“E?oineeii” — 17 aei?a ? c a?ieia?/ii ?ineeiiei eiina?aaioii eeoa 6
aei?a. I?aaiie?ioe/ia ioe?iea neein?a iieacaea, ui an? neeine iaee
oi?io? iieacieee yeino?, i?ioa iaeaeua ioe?iea neeino c a?ieia?/ii
?ineeiiei eiina?aaioii. E?euee?noue ai?a/iiai acioo a aeine?aeieo
aa??aioao aoea iaioith i?ae a eiio?ie?. Iaeiaioa eiai eiioeaio?aoe?y
aoea a aa??aio? c a?ieia?/ii ?ineeiiei eiina?aaioii.
?en. 2. ?ioaineai?noue a?iae?iiy a i?ioean? aeic??aaiiy neeino
(aeae?eaii aac?a, ni3 c ?ic?aooieo ia 1 ea neeinii? iane)
Aea/aiiy eiina?aoth/i? caeaoiino? a?ieia?/ii-?ineeiiiai eiina?aaioo oa
i?e?iaeiiai i?ia?aeo naiii?oo i?e neeinoaaii? i?aea’yeaii? iane
ethoea?ie. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeee ca noaiith iaaaaeaiith a
oaaeeoe? 4.
Oaaeeoey 4
Noaia aeine?aeo
Aa??aio Oa?aeoa?enoeea aa??aioa
? — eiio?ieueiee
?? — aeine?aeiee
??? — aeine?aeiee
?V — aeine?aeiee
V — aeine?aeiee Ethoea?ia i?aea’yeaia aac eiina?aaioa
Ethoea?ia + a?ieia?/ii-?ineeiiee eiina?aaio — 1%
Ethoea?ia + a?ieia?/ii-?ineeiiee eiina?aaio — 2%
Ethoea?ia + naiii?o — 1% + a?ieia?/ii-?ineeiiee eiina?aaio — 1%
Ethoea?ia + naiii?o ye i?ia?aeueiee eiina?aaio — 5%
sseui i?ine?aeeoaaoe a?iae?iiy a aeeiai?oe?, oi i/aaeaeii, ui
a?ieia?/ii-?ineeiiee eiina?aaio a aeic? 1% aei iane ni?e/eiy? a?eueoo
aeoeaaoe?th a?iaeeeueieo i?ioean?a, aea o?eaae?noue a aeiyo iaeiaeiaa c
eiio?ieai. Ca?eueoaiiy aeice aei 2% (??? aa??aio) ??cei ci?ith?
aeeiai?eo. Aaea /a?ac aea? aiaeeie ii/aeinue ?ioaineaia aeae?eaiiy
aac?a, ? ca ia?o? aea? aeiae eiai aeae?eeeinue a?eueoa, i?ae 50% a?ae
caaaeueii? e?eueeino? aeae?eaieo aac?a a oeueiio aa??aio?, a oaeiae a 2
?ace a?eueoa, i?ae a eiio?ieueiiio aa??aio?. O?eaaei a?iae?iiy anueiai 8
ae?a i?ioe 26 ae?a a eiio?ie?.
Aa??aio c noi?ooth a?ieia?/ii-?ineeiiiai eiina?aaioo ? naiii?oo iaeaea
ia a?ae??ciyany aeeiai?eith a?iae?iiy c eiio?ieueiei aa??aioii. I?ioa
aeoaea a?ae??ciyany aa??aio c iaeiei naiii?oii a aeic? 5% aei iane.
Ao?oeeaa aeae?eaiiy aac?a a?aecia/aeinue ia?o? aea? aeiae, ca ye?
aeae?eeeinue 91%, a?ae on??? e?eueeino? aac?a. Ia 3, 4, 5 aeiae
a?iae?iiy caoeoei ? iacia/ia e?euee?noue c’yaeeanue ia 6 aeiao ?
iiai?noth i?eieieeinue ia 7 aeiao, oi/a a eiio?ie? aiii o?eaaei 26 ae?a.
Eaai?aoi?i? aeine?aeaeaiiy neein?a iieacaee, ui aaee/eia ?I ia?
iaee?auee iieaciee o ?V aa??aio? (a?ieia?/ii-?ineeiiee eiina?aaio +
naiii?o). Neein eiina?aiaaiee iaeiei naiii?oii (5%) aaee/eia ?I 6,48
aeecueea aei iaeo?aeueii?, ia ui aieeioa eoaeiee oa?aeoa? i?ia?aeo.
?ic?iaea iiaeo eiina?aaio?a aeey aieiaiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece a aiaa?iaieo
oiiaao. Aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy ia? iayai?noue eiina?aaio?a ia oa?eoi???
Oe?a?ie, aaeaea ?iii?ooaaiiy i?ecaiaeeoue aei iiaei?iuaiiy ei?i?a oa
aaoiiaoe/ii — i?iaeoeoe??. A ca’yceo c aia?aaoe/iith e?ecith
noai?th?oueny i?iaeaia o?eaaeiai caa??aaiiy aieiaiai oo?aaeiiai ca?ia.
Oiio aeey ae??oaiiy oe??? i?iaeaie eaai?aoi???th i?aeaeuaiiy iiaeeaiino?
ei?i?a aeey eiina?aoaaiiy aieiaiai ca?ia cai?iiiiiaai? ye eiina?aaioe
naiii?o oa aa?ieeoe?o.
Aeine?ae ii eiina?aoaaiith aieiaiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece a aiaa?iaieo
oiiaao i?iaiaeeee ii ne?aeoth/?e noai? (oaae. 5).
Oaaeeoey 5
Noaia aeine?aeo
Aa??aio Oa?aeoa?enoeea aa??aioa
? — eiio?ieueiee
?? — aeine?aeiee
??? — aeine?aeiee
?V — aeine?aeiee Ca?ii eoeo?oaece aac eiina?aaioa
Ca?ii eoeo?oaece + naiii?o 7% a?ae iane
Ca?ii eoeo?oaece + naiii?o 10% aei iane
Ca?ii eoeo?oaece + aa?ieeoe?o 10% aei iane
I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeathoue i?aenoaao c?iaeoe caeeth/aiiy i?i
oa, ui i?e?iaei?e i?ia?ae — naiii?o aieiae?? aaeoa?eoeeaeiith
aeanoea?noth, /ei coiiaeth? ci?io ia?aa?ao a?iaeeeueieo i?ioean?a i?e
eiina?aoaaii? aieiaiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece (?en. 3).
?en. 3. Aeeiai?ea a?iaeeeueieo i?ioean?a o ca?i? eoeo?oaece
c i?ia?aeueiei eiina?aaioii naiii?oii a aeic? 10%
Aiae?c ? ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue
Iaea?eueo iioe?aiei eiina?aaioii ca?ia a ?a?ii? ? i?iiei?i, yeee
?aoaeueii aeine?aeaeo?oueny a aaaaoueio iaoeiaeo caeeaaeao. I?aeoe/ia
aeei?enoaiiy eiai ii/aeiny c 1968 ?ieo. Ia?iaeaia i?iiei?iii, ca?ii
caiaeiaoaaee oaa?eiai ia a?aeaiae?ae?, iiei/i?e ooaeia?, naeiyi ?
ioeoe?. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?ae?a c i’yniith ooaeiaith oa iieiaeiyeii
naeiae ia a?aeaiae?ae? iieacaee, ui i?iiei?iiaa ca?ii a?eueo aoaeoeaia.
A?aenooi?noue ieeo ciaioeea ?ani??aoi?i? oai?iae oa caoai?thaaiiy
eaaai?a.
Aac i?iaeai iiaeia caiaeiaoaaoe ca?ii, ia?iaeaia i?ii?iiiaith eeneioith
neaeiaei eiiyi. Ia?iaeaiee iaan ia? aeaeyae na?aeiai, ui oe?ieoueny
o?aia?aie. Eaiaaenueeee iaan caiaeiaothoue ieai?iiei neaeoiai, /a?ac oa
ui oai iaia? ie?nai?, a i?iiei?i caiia?aa? oeueiio. Aea, uia oieeiooe
iai?e?iiinoae, caiaeiaothoue ca?ii iinooiiai.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao i?iiei?io ia iiei/iee aee? iieacaee cia/ia
ciaioaiiy eiai ai?noo, iaa?oue i?e caiaeiaoaaii? ei?iaai ia?iaeaiiai
ca?ia eoeo?oaece.
Eiina?aoaaiiy aieiaiai ca?ia a aaaaoueio e?a?iao aeei?enoiaothoue aeey
y/iaith c?aco ae i?ney eiai cae?aiiy i?e aieiaino? 23-34%. Oaeee y/i?iue
cae/aeii aeei?enoiaoaaee aeey aiae?ae? A?O. Ieoaiiy i?i iiaeeea?noue
aeeth/aiiy eiai a ?aoe?iie naeiae (o ii??aiyii? ?c cae/aeiei ca?iii
aieia?noth 12-15%) noaei o ii?yaeie aeaiiee o?eueee a inoaii? ?iee.
Caiaeiaoaaiiy aieiaiai y/iaith nei?i/o? /an ? cao?aoe eiai ia cae?aiiy,
oae ye aeeeth/a?oueny nooea ca?ia ? i?aeaioiaea i?ei?uaiue aeey
caa??aaiiy. Eiina?aothoue y/i?iue i?ii?iiiaith (0,95-1,25%) aai
ioeoiaith ? io?aoeiith eeneioaie (0,9-1,6%).
I?ii?iiiaa eeneioa i?aeaeuo? aia?aaoe/io oe?ii?noue ca?ia aeey aaeeei?
?iaaoi? ooaeiae. Aenooaia ca?ii iiaea aeaoe ieae/ee ??aaiue
ia?ao?aaiino? ? i?iaeoeoeaiino?, i?ae ca?ii, ia?iaeaia i?iiei?iii. Iaeia
oiiia i?iiei?io ia 100 o ca?ia aea? aeiaeaoeiao aia?aaoe/io oe?ii?noue,
aea?aaeaioio 1,5 o y/iaith.
Aea/aiiy eiina?aoth/i? ae?? eiina?aaioa a?ieia?/iiai iioiaeaeaiiy —
oiieiiiae??aiaiiai ca?ia a??/eoe? a?ei? ni?oo Ea?ie?ia i?e neeinoaaii?
eoeo?oaece a ii??aiyii? c aaeoa??aeueieie caeaaneaie i?aeoaa?aeeei
ia?niaeoeao eiai aeei?enoaiiy i?e caaio?ae? neeino aeniei? yeino?.
I?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi oeueiio ? ?ioaineai?noue a?iae?iiy a i?ioean?
aeic??aaiiy neeino. I?ioean a?iae?iiy a eoeo?oaecyi?e ian? a i?enooiino?
a?ieia?/iiai eiina?aaioo i?iaeiaaeoaaany 6 aei?a, o aa??aio? c “Eco
corn” — 19 aei?a, c “E?oineeii” — 17 aei?a oa a eiio?ieueiiio aa??aio? —
25 aei?a. Oaea o?eaae?noue a?iae?iiy a aeiyo oa a a?aenioeao aei
eiio?ieth iieaco?, ui a caeeaaeai?e ian? eoeo?oaece ?c a?ieia?/iei
eiina?aaioii a?iae?iiy o?eaaei 24%, “E?oineeii” — 68% oa c “Eco corn” —
76%. A eiio?ieueiiio aa??aio? i?ioean a?iae?iiy acyoi ca 100 a?aenioe?a.
Ii?yae c oeei iaiao?aeii cacia/eoe, ui neein ?c a?ieia?/iei eiina?aaioii
ca an?ia iieacieeaie yeino? oa i?aaiie?ioe/ii? ioe?iee ia?aaeuoaaa
aeine?aei? aa??aioe c “E?oineeii” ? “Eco corn”.
Aea/aiiy eiina?aoth/i? caeaoiino? a?ieia?/iiai eiina?aaioo ?ineeiiiai
iioiaeaeaiiy oa i?e?iaeiueiai i?ia?aeo naiii?oo i?e neeinoaaii?
i?aea’yeaii? iane ethoea?ie iieacaei, ui aeeiai?ea a?iae?iiy c ??ciith
aeicith a?ieia?/iiai eiina?aaioo aoea i?ioeeaaeiith a ii??aiyii? c
oaeith ae aeeiai?eith i?e neeinoaaii? iane eoeo?oaece. Iaea?eueoee aieea
ia i?eai?/aiiy a?iaeeeueieo i?ioean?a a caeeaaeai?e ian? ethoea?ie
i?iyaea i?e?iaei?e i?ia?ae naiii?o a aeic? 5%.
I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeathoue i?aenoaao c?iaeoe caeeth/aiiy i?i
oa, ui i?e?iaeiee i?ia?ae — naiii?o aieiae?? aaeoa?eoeeaeiith
aeanoea?noth, /ei coiiaeth? ci?io ia?aa?ao a?iaeeeueieo i?ioean?a i?e
eiina?aoaaii? aieiaiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece ? i?aea’yeaii? iane ethoea?ie.
Ciaioaiiy aeae?eaiiy aac?a i?e a?iae?ii? a i?enooiino? i?ia?aeo naiii?oo
a eiina?ao?i?e ne?iaei? coiiaeth?oueny i?eai?/aiiyi iiei/iieeneiai
a?iae?iiy, a oaeiae iiaeeea?noth o?enaoe?? cia/ii? e?eueeino?
aoaeaeeneiai aaco. Oae, ieneae iaai?th aaeni?ao? aace a e?eueeino? 1000
ie NI2 ia 1 a iaaiac?? (Iicaia E. A., 1985). Naiii?o i?noeoue a
na?aaeiueiio 10% ieneaeo iaai?th. I?e aianaii? aei aieiaiai ca?ia 5%
naiii?oo ia 3 ea ei?io i?eiaaea? 150 a i?ia?aeo, a yeiio i?noeoueny 15 a
ieneaeo iaai?th.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue na?ae/aoue i?i aeae?eaiiy 5,0-6,0 oen. ni3
aac?a a?iae?iiy ?c ?ic?aooieo ia iano ca?ia. I?e iineeaii? ia
?. A. Iicaiaa (1985) 15 a ieneaeo iaai?th iiaeooue aaeni?aoaaoe 15 oen.
ie NI2.
Eiina?aoth/a ae?y a?ieia?/iiai eiina?aaioo ?ineeiiiai iioiaeaeaiiy, a
naia: ian?iiy a??/eoe? a?ei?, i/aaeaeii, aaco?oueny ia iayaiino? a
iueiio S-ae?eiceaeo — nei?a?eio. Eiai i?noeoueny a a??/eoe? oa o?ii?
aeecueei 3% a?ae nooi? ?a/iaeie. Ciaoiaeeoueny nei?a?ei o aeaeyae?
eae??ai? nie?. I?ae ae??th oa?iaio?a i?ioiaeeoue eiai ?icuaieaiiy ia
(-aetheico oa ae?oeei — a??/e/ia ianei — NI2=NI—NI2—N=C=S i KHSO4.
Ae?oeei — iaeei ?c iaea?eueo aoaeoeaieo o?oiioeeae?a. A?i iiaeaaey?
??ci? i?e?ii?aai?cie iaa?oue i?e eiioeaio?aoe?? 1:200000 (Ieaoeia A. I.,
1987). Caeeoa?oueny ia?ice?eoei ieoaiiy ??cei noeioethth/i? ae??, a
ia?oo aeiao a?iae?iiy, a??/eoe? i?e aeiaeaaaii? aei caeeaaeaii?
ne?iaeie. Iiaeia c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui i?ae ae??th nei?a?eio
iiaeaaey?oueny ai?o?oia i?e?ioei?a? noai?ththoueny iioeiaeuei? oiiae
aeey ?icaeoeo iiei/iieeneeo aaeoa??e.
Ia iniia? i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue iiaeia c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui
naiii?o ye i?e?iaeiee i?ia?ae aieiae?? eiina?aoth/ith caeaoi?noth, oea
i?iyaey?oueny a i?eai?/aii? a?iaeeeueieo i?ioean?a i?e neeinoaaii?
ei?i?a.
Ian?iiy a??/eoe? a?ei? ni?oo Ea?ie?ia, caaaeyee iayaiino? a iueiio
ae?oeeio, iaeiiai c iaea?eueo aoaeoeaieo o?oiioeeae?a, i?iyaey?
eiina?aoth/o ae?th i?e neeinoaaii? ei?i?a, oiio iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoeny
ye a?ieia?/iee eiina?aaio ?ineeiiiai iioiaeaeaiiy.
AENIIAEE
1. Aianaiiy i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe a aeic? 10-14 e/o i?e eiina?aoaaii?
ca?ia eoeo?oaece aieia?noth 30-32% oa 7-10 e/o aeey ioaieoe?, y/iaith,
ai?ioo aieia?noth 20-25% caaacia/o? aenieo ye?noue ca?iioo?aaeo i?e
caa??aaii? a ao?oao aac oe?eooy ie?aeith ia e?eoeo oieao i?ioyaii 6-12
i?nyoe?a.
2. Aeniea ye?noue iiae??aiaiiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece aieia?noth 30-32% i?e
caa??aaii? a aiaa?iaieo oiiaao aeinyaa?oueny i?e aeei?enoaii?
i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe a aeic? 3 e/o.
3. Aea/aiee aia?oa iiaee eiina?aaio a?ieia?/iiai iioiaeaeaiiy a aeaeyae?
iiae??aiaiiai ian?iiy a??/eoe? ia? aenieo eiina?aoth/o caeaoi?noue i?e
caaio?ae? neeino oa aieiaiai ca?iioo?aaeo. I?e neeinoaaii? eoeo?oaece
iiei/ii-aineiai? noeaeino? iaee?aua i?iyaea eiina?aoth/o ae?th
a?ieia?/iee eiina?aaio a aeic? 10 ea/o. Neein ca iieacieeaie yeino? oa
i?aaiie?ioe/ii? ioe?iee ia?aaeuoaaa eiio?ieueiee oa aeine?aei? aa??aioe
c nooeie aaeoa??aeueieie caeaaneaie “E?oinee” a?o/eciyiiai ? “Ani nirn”
ca?oa?aeiiai ae?iaieoeoaa.
4. Ca?eueoaiiy aeice a?ieia?/iiai eiina?aaioo aei 20 ea/o i?e
neeinoaaii? i?aea’yeaii? iane ethoea?ie ??cei ci?ith? aeeiai?eo
a?iae?iiy. Aaea /a?ac 2 aiaeeie ?icii/eia?oueny ?ioaineaia aeae?eaiiy
aac?a ? ca ia?o? 2 aeiae eiai aeae?eeeinue a?eueoa, i?ae 50% a?ae ?o
caaaeueii? e?eueeino? ca aanue ia??iae a?iae?iiy. O?eaae?noue a?iae?iiy
neeaaeaea eeoa 8 ae?a i?ioe 26 ae?a o eiio?ie?.
5. Canoinoaaiiy iiaiai eiina?aaioo i?ia?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy — naiii?oo
a aeic? 1,0% a ii?aeiaii? c a?ieia?/iei oaeiae a aeic? 1,0% iiceoeaii
aieeaa? ia ia?aa?a i?ioean?a neeinoaaiiy i?aea’yeaii? iane ethoea?ie.
6. Aeeiai?ea a?iaeeeueieo i?ioean?a a ca?i? eoeo?oaece c eiina?aaioii
i?ia?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy — naiii?oii ia?aeiieeai ?ice?eaa? i?ioean
aaeueioaaiiy, i/aaeaeii, a ia?oo /a?ao aaoa?ioa?iaioaoeaiiai
iiei/iieeneiai a?iae?iiy.
7. I?e?iaeiee i?ia?ae naiii?o ye eiina?aaio aieiae?? aaeoa?eoeeaeiith
aeanoea?noth, /ei coiiaeth? ci?io ia?aa?ao a?iaeeeueieo i?ioean?a oa ia?
caeaoi?noue aaeni?aoaaoe cia/io e?euee?noue aoaeaeeneiai aaco. Oae,
ieneae iaai?th aaeni?ao? NI2 a e?eueeino? 1000 ie ia 1 a iaaiac??
(Iicaia E. A., 1985). A naiii?o? i?noeoueny a na?aaeiueiio 10% ieneaeo
iaai?th.
8. Ian?iiy a??/eoe? a?ei? ni?oo Ea?ie?ia, caaaeyee iayaiino? a iueiio
ae?oeeio, iaeiiai c iaea?eueo aoaeoeaieo o?oiioeeae?a, i?iyaey?
eiina?aoth/o ae?th i?e neeinoaaii? ei?i?a, oiio iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoeny
ye a?ieia?/iee eiina?aaio ?ineeiiiai iioiaeaeaiiy.
I?iiiceoe?? ae?iaieoeoao
1. Aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?ii?iiiao eeneioo a aeic? 10-14 e/o aeey
eiina?aoaaiiy aieiaiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece oa a aeic? 7-10 e/o aeey aieiai?
ioaieoe?, y/iaith ? ai?ioo. Oea caaacia/o? caa??aaiiy ca?ia a ao?oao aac
oe?eooy ie?aeith ia e?eoeo oieao i?ioyaii 6-12 i?nyoe?a.
2. Iiaee a?ieia?/iee eiina?aaio ?ineeiiiai iioiaeaeaiiy — iiae??aiaia
ian?iiy a??/eoe? ni?oo Ea?ie?ia oa eiina?aaio i?ia?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy
— naiii?o aeei?enoiaoaaoe a e?eueeino? 1-5% a?ae iane i?e neeinoaaii?
ei?i?a ? caaio?ae? aieiaiai ca?iioo?aaeo.
NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO ?IA?O II OAI? AeENA?OAOe??
1. Aaeineiiaeaiiy oaoiieia?e caa??aaiiy oa aeei?enoaiiy ca?ia / I. O.
Eoeee, A. I. Aaae/, A. A. Canooa, A. I. Eaeaoiee, A. Ae. Aoaiaithe, I.
O. Eaaoi oa ?i., ca ?aaeaeoe??th I. O. Eoeeea, A. I. Aaae/a, A. A.
Canooe, A. Gracey. — Wilmington.: WGCC, 1996. — 226 c.
2. Eaaoi I. O. oa ?i. A?io?i?/i? i?ioeane oa ye?noue iiae??aiaiiai ca?ia
eoeo?oaece i?e eiina?aoaaii? i?ii?iiiaith eeneioith / Ca. Noaoae
i?aeia?. Iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?. — Euea?a, 1997. — N. 497-498.
3. Eaaoi I. O. oa ?i. Caa??aaiiy ca?ia a aa?iaieo oiiaao i?e
eiina?aoaaii? i?ii?iiiaith eeneioith / Ca. Noaoae i?aeia?.
Iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?. — Euea?a, 1997. — N. 498-499.
4. Eaaoi I. O. oa ?i. Aeei?enoaiiy i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe aeey
eiina?aoaaiiy aieiaiai ca?iioo?aaeo. — Oaa?eiieoeoai Oe?a?ie, 1998. —
? 4. — N. 26-28.
5. Eoeee I., Ie?oeinueea ?., Eaaoi I. oa ?i. Ii??aiyeueia ioe?iea ae??
a?ieia?/ieo eiina?aaio?a i?e neeinoaaii? eoeo?oaece. — Oaa?eiieoeoai
Oe?a?ie, 1998. — ? 4. — N. 30.
AIIOAOe?ss
Eaaoi I. O. Eiina?aoth/a ae?y i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe ? iiaeo eiina?aaio?a
i?e caaio?ae? aieiaiai ca?ia ? neeino. Aeena?oaoe?y (?oeiien) ia
caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe ii
niaoe?aeueiino? 06.02.02 — aiae?aey oaa?ei ? oaoiieia?y ei?i?a. ?inoeooo
ei?i?a OAAI, A?iieoey, 1998.
I?iaaaeaii aea/aiiy eiina?aoth/i? ae?? i?ii?iiiai? eeneioe i?e
caa??aaii? aieiaiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece, ioaieoe?, y/iaith ? ai?ioo a
ao?oao aac oe?eooy ie?aeith ia e?eoeo oieao ? caaio?ae? a o?aioayo
iiae??aiaiiai ca?ia eoeo?oaece.
?ic?iaeaii iia? eiina?aaioe a?ieia?/iiai ? i?ia?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e?iaeiee i?ia?ae naiii?o ye eiina?aaio ia?
aaeoa?eoeeaei? aeanoeaino?. Aaeni?ao? cia/io e?euee?noue aoaeaeeneiai
aaco a i?ioean? a?iae?iiy neeino?ieo ei?i?a.
Ca?ii a??/eoe? a?ei? ni?oo Ea?ie?ia, caaaeyee iayaiino? ae?oeeia
aoaeoeaiiai o?oiioeeaea, i?iyaey? eiina?aoth/o ae?th i?e neeinoaaii?
ei?i?a, oiio iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoeny ye a?ieia?/iee eiina?aaio
?ineeiiiai iioiaeaeaiiy.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: eiina?aaioe, ei?i, aieiaa ca?ii, i?ii?iiiaa eeneioa,
naiii?o, ae?oeei, ca?ii a??/eoe? a?ei?.
AIIIOAOeEss
Eaaoi A. O. Eiina?ae?othuaa aeaenoaea i?iieiiiaie eeneiou e iiauo
eiina?aaioia i?e caaioiaea aeaaeiiai ca?ia e neeina. Aeenna?oaoeey
(?oeiienue) ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 06.02.02 — ei?ieaiea
aeeaioiuo e oaoiieiaey ei?iia. Einoeooo ei?iia OAAI, Aeiieoea, 1998.
I?iaaaeaii eco/aiea eiina?ae?othuaai aeaenoaey i?iieiiiaie eeneiou i?e
o?aiaiee aeaaeiiai ca?ia eoeo?ocu, ioaieoeu, y/iaiy e ai?ioa a ao?oao
aac oe?uoey ieaieie ia e?uouo oieao e caaioiaea a o?aioayo
eciaeue/aiiiai ca?ia eoeo?ocu.
?ac?aaioaii iiaua eiina?aaiou aeieiae/aneiai e ieia?aeueiiai
i?ienoiaeaeaiey. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi i?e?iaeiue ieia?ae naiiieo eae
eiina?aaoi iaeaaeaao aaeoa?eoeeaeiuie naienoaaie. Aaeni?ae?oao
cia/eoaeueiia eiee/anoai oaeaeeneiai aaca a i?ioeanna a?iaeaiey
neeinoaiuo ei?iia.
Naiaia ai?/eoeu aaeie ni?oa Ea?ieeia, aeaaiaea?y iaee/eth aeeeoeeia
yooaeoeaiiai oeoiioeeaea, i?iyaeytho eiina?ae?othuaa aeaenoaea i?e
neeiniaaiee ei?iia, iiyoiio iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny eae aeieiae/aneee
eiina?aaio ?anoeoaeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: eiina?aaiou, ei?i, aeaaeiia ca?ii, i?iieiiiaay
eeneioa, naiiieo, aeeeoeei, naiaia ai?/eoeu aaeie.
ANOTATION
Kavun A. F. Preserving operation propionic acid and new conservants
for damp grain and silage conservation. A thesis (manuscript) on
competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of agricultural
sciences on a speciality 06.02.02 — Animals feeding and forages
technology. Institute of forages UAAS, Vinnitsa, 1998.
The study of a preserving operation propionic acid for damp grain of
corn, wheat, barley and peas storage in bin without film covering on the
covered corn floor and bar in trenches of the crushed grain of corn is
conducted.
Is developed new conservants of a biological and mineral origin. Is
established, that the natural mineral saponit as a conservant has
bactericidal properties. Adsorbs a fair quantity of carbonic gas during
fermentation of silage forages.
Seeds of white mustard variety Carolina, due to availability allicin
effective fitoncid, exhibit a preserving operation for want of silage
making, therefore can be used as biological conservant of a vegetative
origin.
Key word: conservants, forage, damp grain, propionic acid, saponit,
allicin, seeds of mustard white.
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
