.

Методика виховання звукової культури мовлення дітей середнього дошкільного віку засобами фольклору: Автореф. дис… канд. пед. наук / О.С. Трифонова,

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I?AAeAIIIOE?A?INUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE IAAeAAIA?*IEE

OI?AA?NEOAO (I. Iaeana) ?i. E.Ae.OOEINUeEIAI

O?eoiiiaa Ieaia Na?a??aia

OAeE 372 (07)

IAOIAeEEA AEOIAAIIss CAOEIAI? EOEUeOO?E IIAEAIIss

Ae?OAE NA?AAeIUeIAI AeIOE?EUeIIAI A?EO

CANIAAIE OIEUeEEI?O

13.00.02 – oai??y oa iaoiaeeea iaa/aiiy

(oe?a?inueea iiaa)

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

Iaeana – 1998

Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio
oi?aa?neoao? (i.Iaeana) ?i. E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe
Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – ae?eniee /eai AII Oe?a?ie, aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe, i?ioani?

AIAOO Aeea Ieoaee?aia

I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee
iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao

(i. Iaeana) ?i. E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e oai??? oa

iaoiaeeee aeioe?eueii? ina?oe

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

IAIOEETHE Ia??y ?aai?aia

Oa?niinueeee aea?aeaaiee
iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao,

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e oe?a?inueeiai
iiaiciaanoaa

– eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

AI?IAA Aaeaioeia ?aaai??aia

??aiainueeee
aeiiii?ei-aoiai?oa?iee ?inoeooo,

aeioeaio eaoaae?e ineoieia??

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai?.
I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa,

eaoaae?a aeioe?eueii?
iaaeaaia?ee.

I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i.
Ee?a

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “___” eenoiiaaea 1998 ?. i _____
aiaeei? ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 41.053.01 i?e
I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? (i.
Iaeana) ?i. E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai ca aae?anith: 270008, i. Iaeana, aoe.
Noa?iii?oio?aie?anueea, 26.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe?
I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo (i.
Iaeana) ?i. E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “_____”___________ 1998 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

i?ioani?
I.A. EAAAEA?IAA

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/a?oueny no/anieie aeiiaaie,
ni?yiiaaieie ia aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? nenoaie aeioe?eueii?
ina?oe, cie?aia iiaeaii?aiai ?icaeoeo, iaieiae?iiy eiaeiith aeeoeiith
“??aeiith iiaith ye iaeoe?ii?oei nea?aii iaoe??, ieaeaiiy ethaia? aei
iaoa?einueeiai neiaa, ia?oiai e iiaooiueiai ianoaaieea ethaeeie, ye
iaeae?eia?oiai aeyao iaoe?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e oa ?noi???… , oi?ioaaiiy
iniaenoino? a eiioaeno? iaoe?iiaeueiiai iiaeaii?aiai na?aaeiaeua.
A?aeoae, iniaeeai? cia/ouino? iaaoaa? nai?/anii i?aai?ciaaia ?iaioa
uiaei aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e ??aeiiai iiaeaiiy, ui ? i?oeiei
i?aea?oooyi aeey iiaeaeueoiai oni?oiiai iaa/aiiy /eoaiiy oa ienueia
ae?oae o oeie?.

Noaiiaeaiiy, ?icaeoie ? aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy aoei
i?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy a/aieo ??cieo aaeocae: o?c?ieia?a
(I.A.?aaiia-Niieainueeee, I.A.E?aniiai?nueeee, ?.I.Iaaeia oa ?i.),
ineoieia?a (E.N.Aeaionueeee, Ae.A.Aeueeii?i, I.?.AEeie?i, ?.?.Eaa?ia,
I.I.Eaiioue?a, I.?.Eo??y, I.O.Oaa/e?i oa ?i.), e?iaa?no?a
(A.?.Aaeueotheia, I.I.Aaicae?a, A.Ae.Naeaoiaa oa ?i.), eeanee?a
aeioe?eueii? iaaeaaia?ee (?.A.A?e?i, ?.I.Aiaeiaiciaa, N.O.?oniaa,
?.?.Oeoa?aa oa ?i.), no/anieo iaaeaaia?a (I.I.Eieueoeiaa, A.I.Eyi?ia,
I.?. Iaenaeia oa ?i.), iaoiaeeno?a (I.A.Aai?ia, I.A.Aa?iai,
A.?.Ai?iae?eiaa, I.E.AEeeueoeiaa, ?.?.?aae?ia oa ?i.).

I?iaeaia aeoiaaiiy o ae?oae caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeoaaeany no/anieie iaoeiaoeyie aeioe?eueii? aaeoc?
e?iaaiaeeaeaeoeee a ??cieo aniaeoao: noaiiaeaiiy i?aaeeueii? caoeiaeiiae
(I.I.Aeaenaiae?ianueea, A.?.Ai?iae?eiaa, I.E.AEeeueoeiaa, ?.?.?aae?ia,
I.O.Oii?/iaa oa ?i.), oi?ioaaiiy oiiaiaoe/iiai ni?eeiaiiy (I.A.Aeo?iaa,
E.?.AEo?iaa, O.A.O?e?/iaa oa ?i.), iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo oyaeaiue uiaei
caoeiai? ae?eniino? iiae (A.?.O?oaa oa ?i.), ona?aeiieaiiy ae?oueie
caoeiai? aoaeiae iiae (Ae.A.Aeueeii?i, O.I.Nio?i, E.O.Oea/iaa,
A.A.Ooiaeiaa oa ?i.).O/aieie iae?aneaii iine?aeiai? ia??iaee oa noaae??
noaiiaeaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy o ae?oae, aecia/aii iiiyooy
“caoeiaa eoeueoo?a iiaeaiiy”, aena?oeaii iaoiaee, i?eeiie oa caniae
aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy o ae?oae ?aiiueiai oa
aeioe?eueiiai a?eo.

Aaaeeeaa i?noea a nenoai? cania?a iiaeaii?aiai ?icaeoeo, iaa/aiiy ?
aeoiaaiiy aeioe?eueiee?a iin?aea? oieueeei?. Eiai aieea ia iiaio ina?oo
ae?oae aoei ?ice?eoi a ?iaioao aeaeaoieo o/aieo, iaaeaaia?a,
ienueiaiiee?a (I.A.Aeooiiae/, N.O.?oniaa, A.N.Neiai?iaea,
?.?.N?aci?anueeee, ?.?.Oeoa?aa, E.Ae.Ooeinueeee, ?.ss.O?aiei oa ?i.).
Ieoaiiy uiaei aeei?enoaiiy oai??a oe?a?inueeiai oieueeei?o a i?ioean?
iaa/aiiy ae?oae ??aeii? iiae ?icaeyaeaeiny e no/anieie iaoeiaoeyie
(A.I.Aiaoo, A.?.Eiiiiaiei, I.A.Eenaiei, I.A.Noaeueiaoiae/ oa ?i.) Aiae?c
iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a cana?ae/ea, ui ?i i?eoaiaiia iecea
niaoeeo?/ieo ?en, ye? iaaecae/aeii i?eaaaeththoue aeeoeio, a naia:
iaaaee/eee ia’?i oaenoo, aeinooii?noue ci?noo, caoiiethth/ee ?a?iaee
nthaeao, aeei?enoaiiy ooaeiaeiuei-cia?aaeoaaeueieo cania?a iiae.
Oieueeei?i? oai?e a?aecia/athoueny aa?aeno?noth, ae?aci?noth,
?eoi?/i?noth, eaae?noth aeey caiai’yoaiiy. Oea aeicaieeei aaaaeaoe, ui
ca nai?ie ooaeiaeiuei-niaoeeo?/ieie ?enaie oieueeei? iiaea neoaoaaoe
aoaeoeaiei caniaii ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae,
caaaaoeoe ?oi? iiaeaiiy ia?acieie ae?acaie, oaenoaie iaeeo aeai??a
oieueeei?o. Aiaeii/an, ye o iaoeia?e, oae ? iaoiaee/i?e e?oa?aoo?? ia
aoea i?aeiyoa i?iaeaia aaeineiiaeaiiy caoeiaeiiae ae?oae ia ?aii?o
aoaiao aeioe?eueiiai aeeoeinoaa caniaaie oe?a?inueeiai oieueeei?o. Oea e
iaoiiaeei aea?? oaie aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy “Iaoiaeeea
aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai
a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o”.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Oaia aoiaeeoue
aei oaiaoe/iiai ieaio I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo (i. Iaeana) ?i. E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai (“Iaoiaeeea
iaa/aiiy ae?oae oe?a?inueei? iiae a aeioe?eueiiio caeeaae?”
?0197v668552).

Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy – ooaeiaeiuei-iiaeaii?aa ae?yeuei?noue ae?oae
na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – i?ioean aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy
ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo caniaaie oe?a?inueeiai
oieueeei?o.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – c’ynoaaoe i?noea oe?a?inueeiai oieueeei?o a
noaiiaeaii? caoeiaeiiae, ?ic?iaeoe e aenia?eiaioaeueii ai?iaoaaoe
iaoiaeeeo aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai
aeioe?eueiiai a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o.

A?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy: aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy o ae?oae
na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo aoaea aoaeoeaiei, yeui caaacia/eoe:
aaeaeaaoia aeei?enoaiiy iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a a?aeiia?aeii aei
ooieoe?iioaaiiy a aeeoy/iio iiaeaii? iiieeie eiaeiiai c /eiiee?a
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy; eiioi?eaoeaii-neooaoeaiee i?aeo?ae aei
aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy; ?aoe?iiaeueia ii?aeiaiiy ??cieo
aeae?a ? oei?a caiyoue, ?o aiioe?eio iane/ai?noue; eiiieaenia
?ica’ycaiiy an?o caaaeaiue uiaei /eiiee?a caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy;
aeioe?eueio /ano?noue ieaioaaiiy ai?iaeiaae ?ieo iaeeo oieueeei?ieo
aeai??a o iaaeao caaaeaiue caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy; iiaoaiia
aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy (i?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/iee,
i?ciaaaeueiee, ae?yeuei?niee, eiioi?eaoeaii-oai?/ee) o ??cieo aeaeao
ae?yeueiino?.

Caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy.

1. C’ynoaaoe i?noea oe?a?inueeiai oieueeei?o a nueiaiaeaii?e i?aeoeoe?
caeeaae?a aeioe?eueii? ina?oe.

2. Aecia/eoe e?eoa??? oa iieacieee ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy
o ae?oae oa ?oith ia?ciai?noue c iaeeie aeai?aie oe?a?inueeiai
oieueeei?o.

3. Aeyaeoe ??ai? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy oa ??ai?
ia?ciaiino? ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c iaeeie
oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie.

4. Aecia/eoe iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy
ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o.

5. ?ic?iaeoe oa ai?iaoaaoe aenia?eiaioaeueio iaoiaeeeo aeoiaaiiy
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo
caniaaie oieueeei?o.

Iaoiaeieia?/ieie canaaeaie aenooieee iieiaeaiiy iaoeiai? oai??? i?ciaiiy
i?i aca?iica’ycie iiae, ieneaiiy ? iiaeaiiy, na?aeiiino? oa
ae?yeueiino?, ia?aoiaeo e?euee?nieo ci?i o ye?ni?, i??i?eoaoii? ?ie?
iiae ye iaoe?iiaeueiiai aeaea?aea oi?ioaaiiy iniaenoino?, aeei?enoaiiy
aeooiaieo ? iaoe?iiaeueieo oe?iiinoae oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo a
iiaeaii?aiio ?icaeoeo ae?oae.

Oai?aoe/ieie canaaeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee: iaoeia? aei?iaee iaaeaaia?a
c i?iaeai ?icaeoeo iiae ? iiaeaiiy (N.O.?oniaa, ?.?. Oeoa?aa,
E.Ae.Ooeinueeee oa ?i.), ineoieia?a oa ineoie?iaa?no?a c oai???
iiaeaii?ai? ae?yeueiino? (E.N.Aeaionueeee, Ae.A.Aeueeii?i,
I.I.Eaiioue?a, I.?.Eo??y, N.E.?oa?iooaei, I.O.Oaa/e?i oa ?i.),
e?iaa?no?a oa e?iaaiaeeaeaeoee?a uiaei iaa/aiiy ae?oae ??aeii? iiae
(A.I.Aiaoo, A.?.Aaeueotheia, I.I.Aaicae?a, A.?.Ai?iae?eiaa,
I.E.AEeeueoeiaa, I.A.AEiaoia?tho, I.?.Iaenaeia, ?.Ia??iei,
I.?.Iaioeethe, A.Ae.Naeaoiaa, O.I.Nio?i, I.?.Oioeueea, I.N.Ooaeiaa,
E.A.Ua?aa oa ?i.).

Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy: oai?aoe/i?: aiae?c iaoeiai? ? iaoiaee/ii?
e?oa?aoo?e c i?iaeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy; aii??e/i?: oe?eani?yiiaaia
niinoa?aaeaiiy ca iiaeaiiyi ae?oae, aiae?c iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii?
aeieoiaioaoe??, aieaooaaiiy; iaaeaaia?/iee aenia?eiaio (eiinoaooth/ee ?
oi?ioth/ee), e?euee?niee oa ye?niee aiae?c aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeiny a o?e aoaie:

Ia ia?oiio aoai? (1995-1996 ?.?.) aea/aeany ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ia,
iaoiaee/ia e e?iaa?noe/ia e?oa?aoo?a c oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy,
aiae?coaaeany iaa/aeueii-aeoiaia aeieoiaioaoe?y aeioe?eueieo caeeaae?a
ina?oe, ?ic?iaeyeeny e?eoa??? oa iieacieee ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy oa ia?ciaiino? ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c iaeeie
aeai?aie oieueeei?o.

Ia ae?oaiio aoai? (1996-1997 ?.?.) c’yniaoaaeeny ??ai? ?icaeoeo
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo oa
?oiuei? ia?ciaiino? c iaeeie aeai?aie oieueeei?o, i?iaiaeeany oi?ioth/ee
aenia?eiaio, o oiae? yeiai ia?aa??yeany aoaeoeai?noue aenia?eiaioaeueii?
iaoiaeeee aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai
aeioe?eueiiai a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o.

Ia o?aoueiio aoai? (1997-1998 ?.?.) cae?enithaaany ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c
?acoeueoao?a eiinoaooth/iai oa i?ee?ioeaaiai aoai?a aenia?eiaioo,
aeyaeyeeny caeiiii??iino?, noaae?? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy
o ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o.

Aacith aeine?aeaeaiiy aenooieee aeioe?euei? caeeaaee i.i. Iaeane
(?;?100, 106, 275), Oa?niia (?? “C??iiueea”, 1). A aenia?eiaioaeueiiio
aeine?aeaeaii? a?aee o/anoue 150 ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai
a?eo, aei aieaooaaiiy aoei caeo/aii 125 aeoiaaoae?a na?aaei?o a?oi
aeioe?eueieo caeeaae?a Iaeanueei? oa Oa?niinueei? iaeanoae.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy: aia?oa aea/aii aieea oe?a?inueeiai
oieueeei?o ia ?icaeoie caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae
na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo; ?ic?iaeaii e iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaii
aenia?eiaioaeueio iaoiaeeeo aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy
ae?oae caniaaie oieueeei?o; aecia/aii e?eoa??? oa iieacieee ?icaeoeo
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae oa ?oiuei? ia?ciaiino? c iaeeie
aeai?aie oieueeei?o; aeyaeaii ??ai? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy, ??ai? ia?ciaiino? ae?oae c iaeeie oi?iaie oieueeei?o;
aecia/aii iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae, oaiaeaioe?? e noaae?? canai?iiy
ae?oueie caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy caniaaie oieueeei?o.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/ou?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a ooi/iaii? iiiyoue
“caoeiaa eoeueoo?a iiaeaiiy”, “?ioiiaoe?eia ae?aci?noue iiaeaiiy”,
“oiiaiaoe/iee neoo”, “oiiaoe/ia i?aaeeuei?noue iiaeaiiy”; aeyaeaii?
i?noey iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a o aeoiaaii? caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo; ?ice?eoo? iniaeeainoae
canai?iiy ae?oueie caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy caniaaie oieueeei?o.

I?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy: ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo
aeei?enoaiiy iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a o aeoiaaii? caoeiai?
eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo, nenoaio ai?aa
oa iiaeaii?ai-?a?iaeo neooaoe?e, ye? i?ieoee ai?iaaoe?th a i?ioean?
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe a aeioe?eueieo caeeaaeao i. Iaeane ???82,
137, 267 (aeia?aeee i?i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?18 a?ae 10 /a?aiy 1998 ?ieo,
?25 a?ae 16 /a?aiy 1998 ?ieo, ?4-06 a?ae 5 /a?aiy 1998 ?ieo).
Aeine?aei? iaoa??aee iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? a i?ioean? eaeoe?eieo
caiyoue c? nooaeaioaie aeioe?eueiiai oaeoeueoaoo aeueo
iaaeaaia?/ieo caeeaae?a, o nenoai? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe aeoiaaoae?a
aeioe?eueieo caeeaae?a.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a iieyaa? a ?ic?iaoe? aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaoiaeeee
aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai
a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o, aecia/aii? e?eoa???a, iieaciee?a,
iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia, noaae?e, oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeiiia?aeaeeny ia i?aeia?iaeieo (Iaeana – 1995, ??aia – 1997),
anaoe?a?inuee?e (?aaii-O?aie?anuee – 1996) oa i?aeaoc?anuee?e
(Oiaiue – 1996) iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo, iaaiai?thaaeeny ia
ani??aionueeeo nai?ia?ao, can?aeaiiyo eaoaae?e oai??? ? iaoiaeeee
aeioe?eueii? ina?oe I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo (i. Iaeana) ?i. E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai
ai?iaeiaae 1995-1998 ?ie?a. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy e ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy a?aeia?aaeaii a 7 ioae?eaoe?yo.

No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, aeaio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae ? aeiaeaoe?a.
Iiaiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? – 225 noi??iie iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, c ieo
178 noi??iie iniiaiiai oaenoo. A ?iaio? ai?uaii 23 oaaeeoe?, 1
noaia, 4 ae?aa?aie. A nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae 222 iacae.

INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??

O “Anooi?” iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue oaie, aecia/aii ia’?eo,
i?aaeiao, iaoo, caaaeaiiy, a?iioaco, iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy; ?ice?eoi
iaoeiao iiaecio, oai?aoe/io ? i?aeoe/io cia/ou?noue, iiaeaii aeai?
i?i ai?iaaoe?th iniiaieo iieiaeaiue aeine?aeaeaiiy.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Oai?aoe/i? canaaee aeoiaaiiy caoeiai?
eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae” ooi/iaii nooi?noue iiiyoue “oiiaoeea”,
“caoeiaa iiaa”, “oiiaoe/ia i?aaeeuei?noue iiaeaiiy”, “caoeiaa
eoeueoo?a iiaeaiiy” , “oiiaiaoe/iee neoo”, “?ioiiaoe?eia ae?aci?noue
iiaeaiiy”, ?ice?eoi caeiiii??iino? ?icaeoeo caoeiaeiiae ae?oae,
iiaeaii aiae?c ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy aeioe?eueiee?a caniaaie
oieueeei?o.

Caoeiaa eoeueoo?a iiaeaiiy ? neeaaeiaith caaaeueii? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaii?aiai ni?eeoaaiiy. Ca aecia/aiiyi o/aieo (I.I.Eauaiei,
I.?.Iaenaeia, I.?.Nieiaeiaa, ?.E.Nooaiei, I.O.Oii?/iaa), caoeiaa
eoeueoo?a iiaeaiiy – oea oiiaoe/ii i?aaeeueia ? /enoa aeiiaa
caoe?a ? ne?a ??aeii? iiae; i?oiai?/ii i?aaeeueia aeiiaa ne?a ? o?ac,
ui a?aeiia?aea? ii?iai e?oa?aoo?ii? aeiiae c i?aaeeueieie iaaieinaie,
?ioiiaoe?yie, iaocaie ? a?aeiia?aeiei oaiiii; /?oea aeeeoe?y;
?icaeiooee oiiaiaoe/iee neoo, i?aaeeueia iiaia aeeoaiiy, ai?iiy
eiio?iethaaoe neeo aieino.

I?ae caoeiaith eoeueoo?ith iiaeaiiy ie ?icoi??ii i?aaeeueio ? /?oeo
a?oeeoeyoe?th oa aeiiao caoe?a, ne?a ? o?ac ??aeii? iiae; aieiae?iiy
iiaiei aeeoaiiyi, iaaiee ??aaiue ?icaeoeo oiiaiaoe/iiai neooo oa
?ioiiaoe?eii? ae?aciino? iiaeaiiy. *eiieeaie caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy aenooiathoue: /?oea a?oeeoeyoe?y caoe?a ??aeii? iiae,
oiiaiaoe/ia (i?aaeeueia caoeiaeiiaa) oa i?oiai?/ia i?aaeeuei?noue
iiaeaiiy, iiaia aeeoaiiy, aeeeoe?y, neea aieino, oaii iiaeaiiy, oaia?,
oiiaiaoe/iee neoo, caniae ?ioiiaoe?eii? ae?aciino?.

A/aieie aecia/aii iine?aeiai? ia??iaee oa noaae?? noaiiaeaiiy
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy o ae?oae (A.?.Aaeueotheia, A.Ae.Naeaoiaa,
I.O.Oaa/e?i oa ?i.), aeyaeaii iniaeeaino? canai?iiy aeioe?eueieeaie
/eiiee?a caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy (A.I.Aiai?iaeeoeueeee, A.I.Eyi?ia,
I.?.Iaenaeia, ?.A.N?ei?nueeee, I.O.Oii?/iaa oa ?i.), ?ice?eoi
ona?aeiieaiiy ae?oueie caoeiai? aoaeiae ??aeii? iiae (E.N.Aeaionueeee,
I.I.Aaicae?a, Ae.A.Aeueeii?i, ?.?.Eaa?ia, I.I.Eaiioue?a, I.?.Eo??y,
O.I.Nio?i oa ?i.), aena?oeaii iaoiaee ? i?eeiie ?iaioe c aeoiaaiiy
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy (A.I.Aiaoo, I.A.Aai?ia, I.A.Aa?iai,
A.?.Ai?iae?eiaa, ?.?.?aae?ia oa ?i.).

Ca aeaieie a/aieo (I.I.Aeaenaiae?ianueea, I.A.Aai?ia, I.A.Aa?iai,
?.?.Eaa?ia, Ae.A.Aeueeii?i, I.O.Oaa/e?i), ae??oaeueio ?ieue o i?ioean?
canai?iiy aeeoeiith /eiiee?a caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy a?ae?a?a?
oiiaiaoe/iee neoo. O iaoeiaiio ia?ao aaeeaa?oueny ??cia
oa?i?iieia?y, ye io: oiiaiaoe/iee neoo, oiiaiaoe/ia ni?eeiaiiy ?
oiiaiaoe/ia oyaeaiiy. Oiiaiaoe/iee neoo aecia/a?oueny a/aieie ye:
caeaoi?noue /ooe ? aeae?eyoe eiaeiee ie?aiee caoe na?aae ?ioeo
caoe?a neiaa (I.I.Naa?eue?aa), ai?iiy cae?enithaaoe aiae?c caoeiai?
oi?ie ne?a ca aeiiiiiaith aioo??oiueiai ?o i?iiiaeyiiy
(Ae.A.Aeueeii?i), ni?eeiaiiy /eaii?icae?eueii? iiae (I.?.Nieiaeiaa),
caeaoi?noue ?ic??cithaaoe ? a?aeoai?thaaoe an? caoee ??aeii? iiae,
ni?aa?aeiinii c oiiaoe/iith nenoaiith iiae (I.O.Oii?/iaa).

Uiaei oiiaiaoe/iiai ni?eeiaiiy ?niothoue oaeiae ??ci? aecia/aiiy
eiai nooiino?. Oae, o/ai? (Ae.A.Aeueeii?i ? E.?.AEo?iaa) ?icoi?thoue
i?ae “oiiaiaoe/iei ni?eeiaiiyi” niaoe?aeuei? ae?? uiaei aeae?eaiiy
caoe?a iiae oa anoaiiaeaiiy caoeiai? no?oeoo?e neiaa ye
iaeeieoe?. Ca A.I.Ai?iaee/, oiiaiaoe/ia ni?eeiaiiy – oea caeaoi?noue
aecia/aoe, ye? caoee ? a neia?, ?o iine?aeiai?noue ?
e?euee?noue. Ia iiaeyae I.A.Aai?ia ? I.A.Aa?iai, oiiaiaoe/ia
ni?eeiaiiy – oea caeaoi?noue ni?eeiaoe ia neoo ? oi/ii
aeeoa?aioe?thaaoe an? caoee iiae (oiiaie), iniaeeai caoee, iiae?ai?
ca cao/aiiyi. Ia ?oith aeoieo, iaaeinoaoi?noue ?icaeoeo oiiaiaoe/iiai
ni?eeiaiiy aaeueio? i?ioean caoeia?aeoai?aiiy ae?oueie, oiio caoee
oi?iothoueny ?c cao?eieith ? caeaa?eueoiai niioai?aii.

A/aieie (I.A.Aeo?iaa, Ae.A.Aeueeii?i, E.?.AEo?iaa, O.A.O?e?/iaa oa
?i.) aeiaaaeaii, ui oiiaiaoe/ia ni?eeiaiiy, aeey yeiai iniiaith ?
oiiaiaoe/iee neoo, iiaeia noi?ioaaoe a ae?oae eeoa a niaoe?aeueii
i?aai?ciaaieo oiiaao iaa/aiiy, aea aeey oeueiai iio??aii
ianaiia?aae ?icaeiooe oiiaiaoe/iee neoo.

I?ia?aeia i?noea a i?ioean? iaieiae?iiy ae?oueie ??aeiith iiaith
iin?aea? oieueeei?. Aea/aiiy oa i?iiiaeyiiy oieueeei?ieo aeai??a
ni?ey? canai?iith a?aiaoe/ieo, eaene/ieo eaoaai??e iiae, ?ioiiaoe?eii?
ae?aciino? iiaeaiiy, ?icaeoeo oiiaiaoe/iiai neooo, iaieiae?iith
/?oeith oa i?aaeeueiith caoeiaeiiaith.

Aiae?c ieai?a iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe, ?acoeueoaoe aieaooaaiiy
cana?ae/eee, ui aeoiaaoae? ia?ciai? c iaeeie aeai?aie oe?a?inueeiai
oieueeei?o ? aeei?enoiaothoue ?o o aeioe?euei?e i?aeoeoe?. Iaoii?noue
aiie ua ia caeiyee iaeaaeiiai i?noey a nenoai? cania?a ?icaeoeo
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae. Oae, c iaoith cae??ieaiiy
i?aaeeueii? aeiiae caoe?a ??aeii? iiae 75% aeoiaaoae?a aeei?enoiaoaaee
eeoa nei?iiiaee oa i?eiiaee. 25% ?aniiiaeaio?a – o?eueee nei?iiiaee.
?io? aeai?e oe?a?inueeiai oieueeei?o a i?ioean? aeoiaaiiy caoeiai?
eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy aeoiaaoaeyie ia aeei?enoiaoaaeeny.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Iaoiaeeea aeei?enoaiiy oieueeei?o o aeoiaaii?
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo”
aena?oeaii ?acoeueoaoe eiinoaooth/iai oa oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaio?a
uiaei canai?iiy ae?oueie /eiiee?a caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy,
iienaii aenia?eiaioaeueio iaoiaeeeo aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy o ae?oae caniaaie oieueeei?o.

Ia eiinoaooth/iio aoai? aeine?aeaeoaaeeny iniaeeaino? caoeiaeiiae,
aeyaeyeeny ??ai? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy oa ia?ciaiino?
ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c iaeeie oieueeei?ieie
aeai?aie. Eiinoaooth/ee aenia?eiaio cae?enithaaany iiaoaiii,
ai?iaeiaae aa?aniy-aeiaoiy i?nyoe?a.

Iaoith ia?oiai aoaio aea/aiiy iniaeeainoae caoeiaeiiae ae?oae
na?aaei?o a?oi aeioe?eueieo caeeaae?a ina?oe. Caaeey oeueiai ae?oyi
aoei cai?iiiiiaaii ieceo aenia?eiaioaeueieo caaaeaiue: “Aeiiiiiaee
cae/eeo” , “Aei?aa /aae?ye/eea”, “Cae?i/e ?a/aiiy”, ?a?e “Oiaeeoue
aa?aoc ii ai?iae?”, “Ooi aeeaa a aoaeeieo?”. ?acoeueoaoe aeeiiaiiy
ia?oi? na??? caaaeaiue cana?ae/eee, ui cia/ia /anoeia ae?oae
/ioe?ueio ?ie?a ua ia iaieiae?ea i?aaeeueiith aeiiaith caoe?a
??aeii? iiae. Aeyaeeiny, ui ae?oyi oeueiai a?eo aaaeei aea?oueny
aeiiaa naenoy/eo caoe?a. Oae, caoe (n) niioai?thaaee 28% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 34% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi, a?aenooi?i oeae caoe
aoa o 12% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 8% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi; o
26% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 22% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi
niinoa??aaeeny aaaee o aeiia? caoea (c), o 16% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 18% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi oeae caoe aoa
a?aenooi?i; caoe (oe) niioai?thaaee 32% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?
28% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi, o 16% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 18% –
eiio?ieueieo a?oi caoe (oe) aoa a?aenooi?i. Uiaei oeiey/eo caoe?a,
oi 28% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 26% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi
niioai?thaaee caoe (o), o 28% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 26% –
eiio?ieueieo a?oi oeae caoe aoa a?aenooi?i; 20% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 20% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi iaee aaaee o aeiia? caoea
(ae), niinoa??aaeany a?aenooi?noue oeueiai caoea o 30% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 32% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi; 20% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 22% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi niioai?thaaee caoe (/),
o 28% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 24% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi oeae
caoe aoa a?aenooi?i. A?eueoino? ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai
a?eo (82% – a aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 84% – a eiio?ieueieo a?oiao)
aaaeei aeaaaeany aeiiaa niii?iiai caoea (?). 100% ae?oae ye
aenia?eiaioaeueieo, oae ? eiio?ieueieo a?oi cian?i ia ai?ee
i?aaeeueii aeiiaeyoe oa?eiaaeueiee caoe (a). Ia i?aenoaa?
iaea?aeaieo aeaieo iaie aoei aecia/aii eiao?oe??io canai?iiy
caoeiaeiiae. Iieaciee 0,9-1 aaaaeaany aenieei, 0,7-0,9 – aeinoaoi?i,
0,5-0,6 – na?aaei?i, 0,3-0,5 – iecueeei.

Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy, aenieee iieaciee eiao?oe??ioa
canai?iiy caoe?a (0,9-1) aoa oa?aeoa?iee aeey 5% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 7% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi. Ae?oae, ui aeinyaee
aeinoaoiueiai iieacieea eiao?oe??ioa canai?iiy aeiiae caoe?a
(0,7-0,9), aoei aeyaeaii: 14% – a aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 13% –
eiio?ieueieo a?oiao. O 63% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 60% –
eiio?ieueieo a?oi aoei a?aei?/aii na?aaei?e iieaciee eiao?oe??ioa
canai?iiy caoeiaeiiae (0,5-0,7). Ae?oe ?c iecueeei iieacieeii
eiao?oe??ioa canai?iiy aeiiae caoe?a (0,3-0,5) noaiiaeee: 18% – o
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 20% – o eiio?ieueieo a?oiao.

Ia ae?oaiio aoai? aea/aeeny iniaeeaino? aaeeaaiiy ae?oueie
?ioiiaoe?eieo cania?a ae?aciino? iiaeaiiy. Caaeey oeueiai aeeoei? aoei
cai?iiiiiaaii o?e caaaeaiiy: “Aeiiiiiaee Oaeaneeia?”, “Iiaoi?e o?aco”,
“Neaaee oae, ye y”. Caaaeaiiy aoee ni?yiiaai? ia c’ynoaaiiy ai?iiy
aeioe?eueieea ?aaoethaaoe neeo aieino, oaii iiaeaiiy, aaeaeaaoii
ci?ithaaoe ?ioiiaoe?th caeaaeii a?ae neooaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy. Ca
iaea?aeaieie aeaieie, ae?oe na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo
caciathoue cia/i? o?oaeiiu? o aaeeaaii? ?ioiiaoe?eieo cania?a
ae?aciino?. Oae, a iaio a?oiao ia aoei aeyaeaii aeiaeii? aeeoeie,
yea a a?aeoai?eea an? cai?iiiiiaai? iaie aiioe?? (?aae?noue, ai?a,
ino?ao, iiaeea, noi). Iaea?eueo aenieee iieaciee aaeeaaiiy
?ioiiaoe?eieo cania?a ae?aciino? aoei aeyaeaii a ciaiiyo ae?oae i?i
?ioiiaoe?th ?aaeiu? (82%) – a aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 80% – eiio?ieueieo
a?oiao). 58% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 54% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi
ciiaee i?aaeeueii a?aeoai?eoe ?ioiiaoe?th ai?ao; o 20% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 18% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi aoei a?aei?/aii
i?aaeeueia a?aeoai?aiiy ?ioiiaoe?? noio. Uiaei ?ioiiaoe?? ino?aoo
? iiaeeao, oi iaie ia aoei aeyaeaii aeiaeii? aeeoeie ye a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo, oae ? a eiio?ieueieo a?oiao, yea a a?aeoai?eea
icia/ai? caniae ?ioiiaoe?eii? ae?aciino? iiaeaiiy i?aaeeueii.

Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei aeyaeaii, ui a ae?oae oeueiai
a?eo ia?aaaaea? oaeaeeee oaii iiaeaiiy (90% – a aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?
86% – o eiio?ieueieo a?oiao). I?iiiaeee ?a/aiiy ?c na?aaei?i oaiiii
iiaeaiiy – 40% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 42% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi, c
iia?eueiei oaiiii – 12% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 10% –
eiio?ieueieo a?oi.

Uiaei ?icaeoeo neee aieino, oi 80% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 78%
– eiio?ieueieo a?oi a?aeoai?eee ?a/aiiy oeoei aieinii, 34% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 32% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi – na?aaeiueith neeith
aieino. Aieinii aeiiaeee ?a/aiiy 46% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?
44% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi. ? eeoa 8% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 10% –
eiio?ieueieo a?oi a?aeoai?eee ?a/aiiy iioaiee. Ia iniia? iaea?aeaieo
?acoeueoao?a aoei aecia/aii eiao?oe??io aaeeaaiiy ae?oueie cania?a
?ioiiaoe?eii? ae?aciino?. Oae, aenieee iieaciee aaeeaaiiy
?ioiiaoe?eieo cania?a ae?aciino? (0,9-1) aeyaeee 8% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 10% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi. Ae?oe ?c aeinoaoi?i
iieacieeii aaeeaaiiy cania?a ?ioiiaoe?eii? ae?aciino? iiaeaiiy
(0,7-0,9) noaiiaeee: 16% – a aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 14% – eiio?ieueieo
a?oiao. O 32% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 30% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi
aoei a?aei?/aii na?aaei?e iieaciee eiao?oe??ioa aaeeaaiiy
?ioiiaoe?eieo cania?a ae?aciino? (0,5-0,7). 44% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 46% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi cana?ae/eee iecuee?
?acoeueoaoe aaeeaaiiy cania?a ?ioiiaoe?eii? ae?aciino? iiaeaiiy c
iieacieeii eiao?oe??ioa (0,3-0,5).

Ia o?aoueiio aoai? c’yniaoaaany ??aaiue ?icaeoeo oiiaiaoe/iiai neooo
a ae?oae. Ae?oyi i?iiiioaaeany iecea caaaeaiue (“Ui neacaa
aaaeiaaeee?”, “Ciaeaee caeaa neiai”, “Aoaeue oaaaeiei”, “Ieanie a
aeieii?”, “Ooi e?aua /o??”), ye? aoee ni?yiiaai? ia aeyaeaiiy
ai?iiy ae?oae ?ic??ciyoe ia neoo naenoy/?, niii?i?, oeiey/?,
oeiey/?-naenoy/?, aeca?ie?-aeoo? i?eaieini? caoee. Aeyaeeiny, ui
iaee?aua ae?oe aeeoa?aioe?thaaee ia neoo oeiey/?-naenoy/?: 86% – o
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 88% – eiio?ieueieo a?oiao. Oeiey/? caoee
?ic??ciyee ia neoo 48% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 50% – eiio?ieueieo
a?oi: naenoy/? – 60% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 62% – eiio?ieueieo
a?oi; niii?i? – 40% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 38% – eiio?ieueieo
a?oi. Iecueeee iieaciee ?icaeoeo oiiaiaoe/iiai neooo aoei
cao?eniaaii i?ae /an ?ic??ciaiiy aeca?ieeo-aeooeo i?eaieinieo: o 24%
ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 26% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi.

Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aiae?co aeeiiaiiy ae?aaiinoe/ieo caaaeaiue o?aoueiai
aoaio aenia?eiaioo aoei aecia/aii eiao?oe??io ?icaeoeo oiiaiaoe/iiai
neooo. Oae, eeoa 4% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 6% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi
aeinyaee aenieiai iieacieea eiao?oe??ioa ?icaeoeo oiiaiaoe/iiai
neooo (0,9-1). Aeinoaoi?e iieaciee eiao?oe??ioa oiiaiaoe/iiai neooo
(0,7-0,9) aoei a?aei?/aii o 10% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 12% –
eiio?ieueieo a?oi. A?eueo?e /anoei? ae?oae (54% aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?
52% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi) aoa aeanoeaee na?aaei?e iieaciee eiao?oe??ioa
?icaeoeo oiiaiaoe/iiai neooo (0,5-0,7). Iecuee? ?acoeueoaoe
eiao?oe??ioa oiiaiaoe/iiai neooo (0,3-0,5) aoei cao?eniaaii o 32%
ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 30% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi.

Iaie aoee aecia/ai? e?eoa??? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy.
Na?aae ieo: 1)i?oiai?/ia i?aaeeuei?noue iiaeaiiy c iieacieeaie:
i?aaeeueia a?oeeoeyoe?y caoe?a, /?oea aeeeoe?y, i?aaeeueia aeiiaa caoea
a neia? oa neiainiieo/aii? (Ec.=0,9-1); 2) oiiaiaoe/iee neoo c
iieacieeaie: aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y noiaeeo caoe?a ia neoo, i?aaeeueia
a?aeoai?aiiy caoea, naiino?eia aei?aaeaiiy aeeoeiith iiieeie
caoeiaeiiae (Eo.n.=0,9-1); 3) ?ioiiaoe?ei? caniae ae?aciino? c
iieacieeaie: ai?iiy aaeaeaaoii aei neooaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy ci?ithaaoe neeo
aieino, oaii iiaeaiiy, ?ioiiaoe?th (Ea.=0,9-1).

Ia iniia? e?eoa???a oa e?euee?nieo iieaciee?a ?icaeoeo caoeiai?
eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy aoei aecia/aii 4 ??ai? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy: aenieee, aeinoaoi?e, na?aaei?e, iecueeee. Aeyaeeiny, ui eeoa
8% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 6% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi aeinyaee
aenieiai ??aiy ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy. Aei aeinoaoiueiai
??aiy i?aeiyeiny 14% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 12% ae?oae –
eiio?ieueieo a?oi. Ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue ae?oae (56% – a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 54% – eiio?ieueieo a?oiao) ciaoiaeeeany ia
na?aaeiueiio ??ai? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy. Iecueeee
??aaiue ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy aoei cao?eniaaii o 22%
ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 28% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi.

*aoaa?oee aoai eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo ia?aaeaa/aa aea/aiiy
ia?ciaiino? ae?oae c iaeeie oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie: eieenaieaie,
caaaaeyieaie, oo?oeaie, i?eiiaeaie, caeee/eaie, nei?iiiaeaie, e?/eeeaie,
ie?eeeaie. Caaeey oeueiai aoea ?ic?iaeaia a?a-iiaei?iae aei E?a?ie
eacie, a ye?e aoee aecia/ai? iaai? caaaeaiiy ia cae?eniaiiy icia/aii?
iaoe. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aenia?eiaioaeueiiai iaoa??aeo, a?eueoa /anoeia
ae?oae (76% – a aenia?eiaioaeuei?e ? 72% – o eiio?ieuei?e a?oiao) aoea
ia?ciaia c eieenaieaie. Caaaaeyiee i?eaaaeaee ? ?iciia?ee 70% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 68% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi, oo?oee – 60% –
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 58% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi. Uiaei ia?ciaiino? ae?oae
c e?/eeeaie, oi ?o iacaaee 12% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 14% –
eiio?ieueieo a?oi. I?eiiaee ?iciia?ee 2% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?
4% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi. Uiaei caeee/ie, oi ?o ciaei eeoa 6% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 2% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi. I? a aenia?eiaioaeueieo, i?
a eiio?ieueieo a?oiao i?ooi ?c ae?oae ia ciiaee i?eaaaeaoe aeiaeii?
ie?eeee oa nei?iiiaee, ? ia ciiaee oaeiae ae?a?aoe iae? oieueeei?i?
oai?e ia a?aeiia?aeiee caoe.

Iaie aoei aecia/aii e?eoa??? ia?ciaiino? ae?oae na?aaeiueiai
aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c iaeeie aeai?aie oe?a?inueeiai oieueeei?o. Oea
oae?: 1) ciathoue iae? oieueeei?i? aeai?e ? ?iciia?aeathoue iaiai’youe,
c iieacieeaie: naiino?eii, c aeiiiiiaith iaaeaaiaa; 2) aeiae?athoue
iae? aeai?e oieueeei?o ia a?aeiia?aeiee caoe, c iieacieeaie: naiino?eii,
c aeiiiiiaith aeoiaaoaey; 3) aeae?eythoue iio??aiee caoe o
oieueeei?iiio oaeno?, c iieacieeaie: naiino?eii, c aeiiiiiaith
iaaeaaiaa; 4) aeei?enoiaothoue ciaeii? oieueeei?i? oaenoe a ??cieo
aeaeao ae?yeueiino?, c iieacieeaie: naiino?eii, c aeiiiiiaith
aei?ineiai.

Ia iniia? icia/aieo e?eoa???a oa iieaciee?a aoei aecia/aii ??ai?
ia?ciaiino? ae?oae c iaeeie oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie: aenieee, aeinoaoi?e,
na?aaei?e, iecueeee. Ca iaea?aeaieie aeaieie, i? a aenia?eiaioaeueieo,
i? a eiio?ieueieo a?oiao ae?oae ?c aenieei ??aiai ia?ciaiino? c iaeeie
oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie aeyaeaii ia aoei. Ia aeinoaoiueiio ??ai?
ciaoiaeeeiny 12% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 8% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi.
Na?aaei?e ??aaiue ia?ciaiino? c iaeeie oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie aoei
aeyaeaii o 28% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 30% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi.
Ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue ae?oae (60% – a aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 62% – o
eiio?ieueieo a?oiao) ciaoiaeeeany ia iecueeiio ??ai? ia?ciaiino? c
iaeeie aeai?aie oieueeei?o.

Caii/aoeiaoth/e oi?ioth/ee aenia?eiaio, ie ?ic?iaeee aenia?eiaioaeueio
iaoiaeeeo aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai
aeioe?eueiiai a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o, yea ioiiethaaea eiiieaenio
?iaioo c on?ia /eiieeaie caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy (aeea. noaio).
?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea ia?eiaea /ioe?e aca?iiiia’ycai? aoaie:
i?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/iee, i?ciaaaeueiee, ae?yeuei?niee,
eiioi?eaoeaii-oai?/ee.

Ia?oee aoai (i?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/iee) ia?aaeaa/aa ?iaioo uiaei
caaacia/aiiy iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano iaiao?aeiei
aenia?eiaioaeueiei iaoa??aeii: aoei ae?a?aii ??ci? aeai?e iaeeo
oieueeei?ieo oi?i ia eiaeiee caoe, yeee ia aeiiaeyee, aai niioai?thaaee
ae?oe, ia ?icaeoie oiiaiaoe/iiai neooo oa ?ioiiaoe?eieo cania?a
ae?aciino?; ?ic?iaeaii oaenoe ? noeaia??? e?iaa?noe/ieo eacie c
oethaeaieie aeey ae?oae aa?iyie (Caeeeeaeei, Eieenaeei, I?eiiaeyeei,
Oo?oaeei, Caaaaeyeei, E?/eeue/ee, Oaeaeeiiiaei), neeaaeaii eiiniaeoe
aenia?eiaioaeueieo caiyoue, oaenoe ?ai?, oaao?aeueieo aenoaa oiui.
?ic?iaeaii ia?niaeoeaiee ieai cao/oaaiiy iaeeo oi?i oieueeei?o ia
?iaeea?aeoaeueieo oa ?iaeea?aeoaeueii-a?oiiaeo caiyooyo oi?iaeiaae
?ieo.

Ae?oaee aoai (i?ciaaaeueiee) ia?aaeaa/aa iciaeiieaiiy ae?oae ?c
?icia?ooyi aeai??a iaeeo oieueeei?ieo oi?i (nei?iiiaee, e?/eeee,
oo?oee, i?eiiaee, caeee/ee, ie?eeee, caaaaeyiee, eieenaiee), cao/oaaiiy
?o iaiai’youe, caaaa/aiiy neiaieea ae?oae neiaaie-iacaaie oieueeei?ieo
aeai??a, ia?acieie ae?acaie.

O?ao?e aoai (ae?yeuei?niee) ia?aaeaa/aa ?iaioo, ni?yiiaaio ia
aeei?enoaiiy iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a o aeoiaaii? caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy a ??cieo aeaeao ae?yeueiino? (iaa/aeueii-iiaeaii?aa,
ooaeiaeiuei-iiaeaii?aa, ?a?iaa, oaao?aeueii-?a?iaa). Ia oeueiio aoai?
ae?oae a/eee i?aaeeueii aeiiaeyoe caoee ??aeii? iiae a neiaao oa
neiainiieo/aiiyo, oi?ioaaee i?aaeeueio a?oeeoeyoe?th caoea, ?icaeaaee
/?oeo aeeeoe?th, oiiaiaoe/iee neoo; oi?ioaaee ai?iiy oa iaae/ee
?aaoethaaoe neeo aieino, oaii iiaeaiiy, ei?enooaaoeny ??ciith
?ioiiaoe??th caeaaeii a?ae neooaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy. Iniiaia oaaaa a
i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iaaeaaaeany ei?eaoaaiith
aeiiae oaeeo caoe?a: naenoy/eo (n,n’,c,c’,oe,oe’), oeiey/eo (o,ae,/),
niii?iiai (?) ? oa?eiaaeueiiai (a).

*aoaa?oee aoai (eiioi?eaoeaii-oai?/ee) aoei ni?yiiaaii ia aeoeaia
aeei?enoaiiy ae?oueie iaaooeo oi?iue ? iaae/ie caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy oa iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a o ??cieo neooaoe?yo ni?eeoaaiiy.
Aeey ?aae?caoe?? icia/aii? iaoe aeei?enoiaoaaeeny eiioi?eaoeaii-oai?/?
ai?aae: “I?i/eoae a??oee ?c aecia/aiei caaa?aeaiiyi”, “I?eaaaeae
nei?iiiaeo”, “?iceaaee caaaaeyieo oae, uia oaaa ii/oee” oiui. Iiaeaii?a?
neooaoe?? neoaoaaee ia?ao?aeiei aoaiii a?ae aeoiaaiiy caoeiai?
eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy aei naiino?eiiai aeei?enoaiiy iaaooeo oi?iue ?
iaae/ie o ??cieo neooaoe?yo.

Ia i?ee?ioeaaiio aoai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei i?iaaaeaii ii??aiyeuei?
i?aenoieia? c??ce c iaoith aeyaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?ic?iaeaii?
aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaoiaeeee aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy
ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o. Ii??aiyeuei?
aeai? ??ai?a ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy o ae?oae iiaeaii a
oaaeeoe? 1.

Oaaeeoey 1.

??ai? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy

o ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo (%)

A?oie? ? A I ? Aenieee Aeinoaoi?eNa?aaei?eIecueeee
Eiino.Eiio?.Eiino.Eiio?.Eiino.Eiio?.Eiino.Eiio?.Aenia?eiai-oaeuei?

8

25

14

48

56

19

22

8

Eiio?ieuei?

6

12

12

38

54

34

28

16

sse cana?ae/o? oaaeeoey, o ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi a?aeaoeeny a?ae/ooi? iiceoeai? ci?ie. Oae, aei
aenieiai ??aiy canai?iiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy i?aeiyeiny 25%
ae?oae, oiae? ye aei iaa/aiiy ia aenieiio ??ai? aoei eeoa 8% ae?oae. O
eiio?ieueieo a?oiao aenieiai ??aiy ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy,
ca aeaieie i?ee?ioeaaiai c??co, aeinyaei eeoa 12% ae?oae (aoei 6%). Ia
aeinoaoiueiio ??ai? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy, ye
cana?ae/othoue aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeai?, ciaoiaeeeiny 48% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi (ia eiinoaooth/iio aoai? aoei anueiai 14%
ae?oae). O eiio?ieueieo a?oiao aeinoaoiueiai ??aiy ia e?iaoeue ?ieo
aeinyaei 38% ae?oae (ia ii/aoeiaiio aoai? aoei 12%). sse
cana?ae/othoue aeai? oaaeeoe?, a e?ioe? ?ieo ia na?aaeiueiio ??ai?
?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy caeeoeeiny eeoa 19% ae?oae
aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi (aei iaa/aiiy ?o aoei 56%). O eiio?ieueieo
a?oiao ia eiinoaooth/iio aoai? na?aaei?e ??aaiue ?icaeoeo caoeiai?
eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy niinoa??aaany o 54% ae?oae, ia e?iaoeue ?ieo ia
oeueiio ??ai? ciaoiaeeeiny 34% ae?oae. Uiaei iecueeiai ??aiy, oi 8%
ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi ua caeeoeeeny ia iecueeiio ??ai?
?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy (ia ii/aoeiaiio aoai? aoei 22%). O
eiio?ieueieo a?oiao iecueeee ??aaiue ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy aoa o 16% ae?oae (ia eiinoaooth/iio aoai? – 28%).

E?euee?ni? ii??aiyeuei? aeai? ??ai?a ia?ciaiino? ae?oae c iaeeie
aeai?aie oieueeei?o iiaeaii a oaaeeoe? 2.

Oaaeeoey 2.

??ai? ia?ciaiino? ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo

c iaeeie aeai?aie oieueeei?o (%)

A?oie? ? A I ? Aenieee Aeinoaoi?eNa?aaei?eIecueeee
Eiino.Eiio?.Eiino.Eiio?.Eiino.Eiio?.Eiino.Eiio?.Aenia?eiai-oaeuei?

24

12

40

28

26

60

10

Eiio?ieuei?

8

8

12

30

34

62

46

sse cana?ae/o? oaaeeoey, a aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oiao a?aeaoeeny nooo?a?
iiceoeai? ci?ie uiaei ??ai?a ia?ciaiino? ae?oae c iaeeie oieueeei?ieie
aeai?aie. A?aeoaia?, aenieee ??aaiue ia?ciaiino? aoei cao?eniaaii a 24%
ae?oae, oiae? ye aei iaa/aiiy oaeeo ae?oae aeyaeaii ia aoei. O
eiio?ieueieo a?oiao a e?ioe? ?ieo aenieiai ??aiy aeinyaee eeoa 8%
ae?oae (ia ii/aoeo ?ieo oeae ??aaiue aoa a?aenooi?i). Ia aeinoaoiueiio
??ai? ia?ciaiino? c iaeeie oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie aei iaa/aiiy
ciaoiaeeeiny eeoa 12% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi, ia eiio?ieueiiio
aoai? oeueiai ??aiy aeinyaei aaea 40%; ae?oae. O eiio?ieueieo a?oiao ia
e?iaoeue ?ieo aeinoaoi?e ??aaiue ia?ciaiino? c iaeeie aeai?aie
oieueeei?o niinoa??aaany o 12% ae?oae (ia eiinoaooth/iio aoai? aoei
8%). Na?aaeiueiai ??aiy ia?ciaiino? c oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie aeinyaei
26% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi(aei iaa/aiiy aoei 28%). O
eiio?ieueieo a?oiao ia e?iaoeue ?ieo na?aaei?e ??aaiue aoei aeyaeaii o
34% ae?oae, ia eiinoaooth/iio aoai? ia oeueiio ??ai? ciaoiaeeeiny 30%
ae?oae. sseui ia ii/aoeo ?ieo iecueeee ??aaiue ia?ciaiino? c iaeeie
oi?iaie oieueeei?o niinoa??aaany o 60% ae?oae aenia?eiaioaeueieo
a?oi, oi ia e?iaoeue ?ieo ia iecueeiio ??ai? caeeoeeiny eeoa 10%
ae?oae. O eiio?ieueieo a?oiao iecueeee ??aaiue aoa o 46% ae?oae (ia
ii/aoeo ?ieo aoei 62%).

O aeniiaeao aeeeaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy, iniiai? c ieo oae?:

1. Caoeiaa eoeueoo?a iiaeaiiy – oea iie?eiiiiiaioia ooai?aiiy, yea
ioiieth? i?oiai?/io ? oiiaoe/io i?aaeeuei?noue iiaeaiiy, /?oeo
a?oeeoeyoe?th oa aeeeoe?th, iiaia aeeoaiiy oa caniae ?ioiiaoe?eii?
ae?aciino?. Caoeiaa eoeueoo?a iiaeaiiy ? neeaaeiaith caaaeueii?
iiaeaii?ai? eoeueoo?e. Caoeiaith eoeueoo?ith iiaeaiiy ae?oe
caeaa?eueoiai iaieiae?aathoue aei i’yoe ?ie?a o i?ioean? ni?eeoaaiiy c
aei?ineeie a n?i’? oa iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe a aeioe?eueiiio
caeeaae?.

2. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aiae?co iaa/aeueii-aeoiaieo ieai?a, aieaooaaiiy
aeoiaaoae?a na?aaei?o a?oi aeyaeeiny, ui a no/ani?e i?aeoeoe? ?iaioe
aeioe?eueieo caeeaae?a iae? oi?ie oe?a?inueeiai oieueeei?o ua ia
caeiyee iaeaaeiiai i?noey a nenoai? cania?a aeoiaaiiy caoeiai?
eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo. Aiae?c oieueeei?ieo
oaeno?a cana?ae/ea, ui ca ooaeiaeiuei-e?iaa?noe/ieie ?enaie, ye? ?i
i?eoaiaii?, oa ca iaaeaaia?/ii ooieoe?iiaeueiith ni?yiiaai?noth, aiie
iiaeooue neoaoaaoe aoaeoeaiei caniaii ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo.

3. O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei aecia/aii e?eoa??? oa iieacieee ??ai?a
?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae. Na?aae ieo: 1) i?oiai?/ia
i?aaeeuei?noue iiaeaiiy c iieacieeaie: i?aaeeueia a?oeeoeyoe?y caoe?a,
/?oea aeeeoe?y, i?aaeeueia aeiiaa caoea a neia? oa neiainiieo/aii?
(Ec.= 0,9-1); 2) oiiaiaoe/iee neoo c iieacieeaie: aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y
noiaeeo caoe?a ia neoo, i?aaeeueia a?aeoai?aiiy caoea, naiino?eia
aei?aaeaiiy aeeoeiith iiieeie caoeiaeiiae (Eo.n.=0,9-1); 3)
?ioiiaoe?ei? caniae ae?aciino? c iieacieeaie: ai?iiy aaeaeaaoii aei
neooaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy ci?ithaaoe neeo aieino, oaii iiaeaiiy, ?ioiiaoe?th
(Ea.=0,9-1). Iaie oaeiae aoei aecia/aii e?eoa??? oa iieacieee
ia?ciaiino? c iaeeie oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie. Oea oae?: 1) ciathoue
iae? oieueeei?i? aeai?e ? ?iciia?aeathoue iaiai’youe, c iieacieeaie:
naiino?eii, c aeiiiiiaith iaaeaaiaa; 2) aeiae?athoue iae? aeai?e
oieueeei?o ia a?aeiia?aeiee caoe, c iieacieeaie: naiino?eii, c
aeiiiiiaith aeoiaaoaey; 3) aeae?eythoue iio??aiee caoe o oieueeei?iiio
oaeno?, c iieacieeaie: naiino?eii, c aeiiiiiaith iaaeaaiaa; 4)
aeei?enoiaothoue ciaeii? oieueeei?i? oaenoe a ??cieo aeaeao
ae?yeueiino?, c iieacieeaie: naiino?eii, c aeiiiiiaith aei?ineiai. Ia
iniia? e?eoa???a oa e?euee?nieo iieaciee?a aoei aecia/aii ??ai?
?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae oa ?oiuei? ia?ciaiino? c
iaeeie oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie. Ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue ae?oae (56% –
aenia?eiaioaeueieo a?oi ? 54% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi) ciaoiaeeeeny ia
na?aaeiueiio ??ai? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy. Uiaei
ia?ciaiino? ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo c iaeeie
oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie, oi a?eueo?noue ae?oae (60% –
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 62% – eiio?ieueieo a?oi) aeyaeee iecueeee ??aaiue
ia?ciaiino? c iaeeie oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie.

4. Ia oi?ioth/iio aoai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoea ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea
aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai
a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o, ui ia?eiaea /ioe?e aca?iiiia’ycai? aoai?:
i?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/iee, i?ciaaaeueiee, ae?yeuei?niee,
eiioi?eaoeaii-oai?/ee. I?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/iee aoai ia?aaeaa/aa
caaacia/aiiy iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano iaiao?aeiei
aenia?eiaioaeueiei iaoa??aeii. Iaoith ae?oaiai aoaio (i?ciaaaeueiee)
aoei iciaeiieaiiy ae?oae ?c ?icia?ooyi aeai??a iaeeo oieueeei?ieo oi?i,
cao/oaaiiy ?o iaiai’youe. O?ao?e aoai (ae?yeuei?niee) aoa ni?yiiaaiee
ia aeoea?caoe?th aeei?enoaiiy iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a o aeoiaaii?
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy a ??cieo aeaeao ae?yeueiino?
(iaa/aeueii-iiaeaii?aa, ooaeiaeiuei-iiaeaii?aa, ?a?iaa,
oaao?aeueii-?a?iaa). *aoaa?oee aoai (eiioi?eaoeaii-oai?/ee) ia?aaeaa/aa
naiino?eia aeei?enoaiiy ae?oueie iaaooeo oi?iue ? iaae/ie caoeiai?
eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy oa iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a o ??cieo neooaoe?yo
ni?eeoaaiiy.

5. sse cana?ae/eee ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy, ae?oe aenia?eiaioaeueieo
a?oi aeinyaee aenieiai (25%) oa aeinoaoiueiai (48%) ??ai?a ?icaeoeo
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ca an?ia e?eoa??yie oa iieacieeaie. Uiaei
ia?ciaiino? ae?oae c iaeeie oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie, oi aei aenieiai
??aiy i?aeiyeiny 24% ae?oae, ia aeinoaoiueiio ??ai? ia?ciaiino?
ciaoiaeeeiny 40% ae?oae. Cia/ii ciaioeeiny ae?oae ia iecueeiio ??ai?
(c 60% aei 10%). Ae?oe ia o?eueee canai?ee i?aaeeueio aeiiao caoe?a
??aeii? iiae, aea e caaaaoeee nai? iiaeaiiy iaeeie aeai?aie
oe?a?inueeiai oieueeei?o, ia?acieie ae?acaie.

6. O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei aeyaeaii aoaeoeai? iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae
?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy caniaaie oieueeei?o. ?c-iii?ae ieo:
aaeaeaaoia aeei?enoaiiy iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a a?aeiia?aeii aei
oeiiaeo iiieeie eiaeiiai c /eiiee?a caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy;
eiioi?eaoeaii-neooaoeaiee i?aeo?ae aei aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy; ?aoe?iiaeueia ii?aeiaiiy ??cieo aeae?a ? oei?a caiyoue ? ?o
iaeneiaeueia aiioe?eia iane/ai?noue; eiiieaenia ?ica’ycaiiy an?o
caaaeaiue uiaei aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy a ??cieo aeaeao
ae?yeueiino?; aeioe?eueia /ano?noue ieaioaaiiy iaeeo aeai??a oieueeei?o
a?aeiia?aeii aei caaaeaiue caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ai?iaeiaae ?ieo.

7. Aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeei i?inoaaeeoe aeaye? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy o ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo
caniaaie oieueeei?o. Na?aae ieo: oaiie ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy iaoiiaeththoueny aaeaeaaoiei aeei?enoaiiyi iaeeo oieueeei?ieo
aeai??a a?aeiia?aeii aei oeiiaeo iiieeie eiaeiiai ?c /eiiee?a caoeiai?
eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy; /?oea a?oeeoeyoe?y ? oaiie iaieiae?iiy
i?aaeeueiith caoeiaeiiaith caeaaeaoue a?ae ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo
iniaeeainoae aoaeiae iiaeaii?aiai aia?aoo ? noaio ?icaeoeo oiiaiaoe/iiai
neooo; canai?iiy ?ioiiaoe?eii? ae?aciino? iiaeaiiy iaoiiaeththoueny
eiioi?eaoeaii-neooaoeaiei oa?aeoa?ii aeoiaaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo /eiiee?a
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy; i?oei?noue caiai’oiaoaaiiy ae?oueie iaeeo
oieueeei?ieo aeai??a iaoiiaeth?oueny ?aoe?iiaeueiei ii?aeiaiiyi ??cieo
aeae?a ? oei?a caiyoue, ?o iaeneiaeueiith aiioe?eiith iane/ai?noth;
naiino?eia aeei?enoaiiy ae?oueie iaeeo oi?i oieueeei?o caeaaeeoue a?ae
caio?aiiy ae?oae a ??ci? aeaee ae?yeueiino?, ui noeioeththoue
ooaeiaeiuei-iiaeaii?ao aeoeai?noue aeioe?eueiee?a.

8. O aeine?aeaeaii? aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e
iiaeaiiy ae?oae na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o
a?aeaoaa?oueny ca iine?aeiaieie noaae?yie 1) iciaeiieaiiy ae?oae c
iaeeie oieueeei?ieie aeai?aie, caaaa/aiiy neiaieea ia?acieie ae?acaie;
2)aea/aiiy iaiai’youe oaeno?a iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a ia
a?aeiia?aei? caoee e ?io? /eiieee caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy; 3)
ei?eaoaaiiy caoeiaeiiae ae?oae ia ??cieo aeaeao caiyoue; 4) caio?aiiy
ae?oae a ??ci? aeaee aiioe?eii iane/aii? ae?yeueiino?, ni?yiiaaieo ia
cae??ieaiiy caoeiaeiiae, ?icaeoie oiiaiaoe/iiai neooo oa ?ioiiaoe?eii?
ae?aciino? iiaeaiiy oeyoii aeei?enoaiiy iaeeo oi?i oieueeei?o; 5)
aeoea?caoe?y iaaooeo ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie uiaei a?aeiia?aeieo
/eiiee?a caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy a ??cieo neooaoe?yo ni?eeoaaiiy.

Ia?niaeoeao iiaeaeueoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie aaa/a?ii a iiooeo
oeyo?a aeei?enoaiiy ?ioeo oieueeei?ieo oai??a (eacie, i?naiue oiui) o
aeoiaaii? eoeueoo?e ni?eeoaaiiy ae?oae 5-7 ?ie?a o ??cieo aeeoo?aeo
neooaoe?yo.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii a oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. Aei i?iaeaie noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy
ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo // Iaoea ? ina?oa / Iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iee
aeo?iae I?aaeaiiiai iaoeiaiai oeaio?o AII Oe?a?ie. – 1997. – ?1. –
n.104-108.

2. Aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy a ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo //
Iaoeiaee a?niee I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai. – Iaeana.: A?noue, 1997. – Aei.1.-
n.45-49.

3. Aeei?enoaiiy iaeeo oieueeei?ieo aeai??a aeieia?/iiai ci?noo a
?iaio? c aeioe?eueieeaie // Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie aeioe?eueiiai
aeoiaaiiy. / Iaoa??aee i?aeaea?ae. iaoe. eiio.– ??aia, 1997. – n.76-79.

4. Iae? oieueeei?i? aeai?e ye can?a aeoea?caoe?? i?ciaaaeueieo
?ioa?an?a ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo // ?icaeoie i?ciaaaeueieo
cae?aiinoae aeioe?eueiee?a / Ca. iaoe. i?aoeue I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo (i. Iaeana) ?i.
E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai. – Iaeana, 1998. – n.70 -74.

5. Onia ia?iaeia oai?/?noue ye can?a ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy ae?oae o
niaaeuei? N.?oniai? // ?aeay iaoe?iiaeueii? oeiee o iaaeaaia?/i?e
niaaeuei? Nio?? ?oniai? oa Noaiaia N??iiieea /Iaoa??aee anaoe?.
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiio. – ?aaii-O?aie?anuee, 1996. – n.154-155.

6. Iae? aeai?e oieueeei?o ye can?a aeoiaaiiy i?aaeeueii? caoeiaeiiae
ae?oae // Oe?a?inueea aeioe?eey: i?iaeaie, iiooee, oai?/? ciao?aeee
/Iaoa??aee aeiiia?aeae i?aeaoc?anueei? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiio.-
Oiaiue, 1996. – n.1-2.

7. Aeei?enoaiiy aeeoy/iai oieueeei?o a nenoai? i?e?iaeiioi?iiiiai
aeoiaaiiy ae?oae aeioe?eueiiai a?eo // Aeoiaaiiy aeieia?/ii? eoeueoo?e
/ Ca. iaoa??ae?a i?aeia?iaeii? iaoe. eiio.. – Iaeana, 1995. –
n.53-54.

O?eoiiiaa I.N. Iaoiaeeea aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae
na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo caniaaie oieueeei?o. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.02 – oai??y oa iaoiaeeea iaa/aiiy
(oe?a?inueea iiaa). – I?aaeaiiioe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee
oi?aa?neoao (i.Iaeana) ?i. E.Ae.Ooeinueeiai, Iaeana, 1998.

O aeena?oaoe?? aeine?aeaeoaaeany niaoeeo?ea canai?iiy ae?oueie
na?aaeiueiai aeioe?eueiiai a?eo caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy, ?ic?iaeaii
aenia?eiaioaeueio iaoiaeeeo aeoiaaiiy caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy
ae?oae caniaaie oieueeei?o, aecia/aii ??ai? ?icaeoeo caoeiai?
eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy oa ??ai? ia?ciaiino? ae?oae c oieueeei?ieie
aeai?aie, aeyaeaii iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae, oaiaeaioe??, noaae?? aeoiaaiiy
caoeiai? eoeueoo?e iiaeaiiy ae?oae caniaaie oieueeei?o.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: caoeiaa eoeueoo?a iiaeaiiy, oiiaiaoe/iee neoo,
?ioiiaoe?ei? caniae ae?aciino?, iae? oieueeei?i? aeai?e.

O?eoiiiaa A.N. Iaoiaeeea ainieoaiey caoeiaie eoeueoo?u ?a/e aeaoae
n?aaeiaai aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa n?aaenoaaie oieueeei?a. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.02 – oai?ey e iaoiaeeea iao/aiey
(oe?aeineee ycue). – THaeii-Oe?aeineee ainoaea?noaaiiue iaaeaaiae/aneee
oieaa?neoao (a. Iaeanna) ei. E.Ae.Ooeineiai, Iaeanna, 1998.

A aeenna?oaoeee enneaaeiaaeanue niaoeeoeea onaiaiey aeaoueie n?aaeiaai
aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa caoeiaie eoeueoo?u ?a/e, ?ac?aaioaii
yenia?eiaioaeueioth iaoiaeeeo ainieoaiey caoeiaie eoeueoo?u ?a/e aeaoae
n?aaenoaaie oieueeei?a, ii?aaeaeaiu o?iaie ?acaeoey caoeiaie
eoeueoo?u ?a/e e o?iaie inaaaeiieaiiinoe aeaoae n iaeuie aeai?aie
oieueeei?a, ii?aaeaeaiu iaaeaaiae/aneea oneiaey, oaiaeaioeee, noaaeee
ainieoaiey caoeiaie eoeueoo?u ?a/e aeaoae n?aaenoaaie oieueeei?a.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: caoeiaay eoeueoo?a ?a/e, oiiaiaoe/aneee neoo,
eioiiaoeeiiiua n?aaenoaa au?aceoaeueiinoe, iaeua aeai?u oieueeei?a.

Trifonova O.S. Methodology of Upbringing of Sound Culture of Middle
Pre-school Age Children’s Speech by Mears of Folklore. – Manuscript.

The dissertation for the scientific degree of Candidate of Pedagogical
Sciences, specialty 13.00.02 – Theory and Methodology of Education (the
Ukrainian Language). – The South-Ukrainian State Pedagogical University
named after K.D.Ushynski, Odessa, 1998.

The dissertation deals with the specific nature of mastering of sound
speech by middle pre- school age children. Of contains a detailed
description of experimental methodology of upbringing of sound
culture of children’s speech by means of folklore. The author
determines the levels of development of sound culture and levels of
children’s knowledge of folklore genres; pedagogical conditions
are determined, tendencies, stages of upbringing of sound culture
of children’s speech by means of folklore.

Key-words: sound culture of speech, phonematic hearing, intonational
mears of expressiveness, little folklore genres.

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