.

Моногенеї риб Чорного моря (фауна, екологія, зоогеографія): Автореф. дис… канд. біол. наук / Є.В. Дмитрієва, НАН України. Ін-т зоології ім. І.І.Шмал

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Iaoe?iiaeueia Aeaaeai?y Iaoe Oe?a?ie

?inoeooo Ciieia?? ?i. ?.?. Oiaeueaaocaia

Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno

OAeE 576.597.593.4

AeIEO???AA

?aaai?y Aai?aiei?aia

IIIIAAIA? ?EA *I?IIAI II?ss

( oaoia, aeieia?y, ciiaaia?o?y)

– ia?aceoieia?y, aaeueieioieia?y

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa a?ieia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a -1998

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia o a?aeae?e? aeieia?/ii? ia?aceoieia??

?inoeoooo a?ieia?? i?aaeaiieo ii??a ?i. I.I. Eiaaeaanueeiai

IAI Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, caa.a?aeae?eii
aeieia?/ii? ia?aceoieia?? ?inoeoooo a?ieia?? i?aaeaiieo ii??a A. A.
Aa?anueea

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe,

i?ioani? Euea?anueei? aeaaeai?? aaoa?eia?ii? iaaeeoeeie

I.I. Eoeae?anueea

eaiaeeaeao a?ieia?/ieo iaoe,

aeioeaio Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiei

Eiaaeue A.I.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: N?ioa?iiieueneee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 24 ” “ eenoiiaaea ”1998?. i 10
aiaeei? ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? A/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.153.01 i?e
?inoeooo? ciieia?? ?i. ?.?. Oiaeueaaocaia IAI Oe?a?ie ( 252601
Ee?a-30, INI, aoe. A.Oiaeueieoeueeiai, 15).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo ciieia??
?i. ?.?. Oiaeueaaocaia IAI Oe?a?ie

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 20 ” “ aeiaoiy ” 1998?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? A/aii? ?aaee,

eaiaeeaeao a?ieia?/ieo iaoe
A.A. Cieioia

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Iiiiaaia? – ia?aceoe/i? ieine? /a?ae, ui
eieae?cothoueny ia cya?ao ? iiaa?oi? o?ea ?ea, /anoi caaaeath/e
iaoiaaiiiai aieeao ia oacy?ia, iniaeeai a oiiaao ooo/iiai ?icaaaeaiiy
?ea ? i?e no?aniaiio noai? aeinenoaie. Na?oiaa e?oa?aoo?a i?noeoue
iaiaei oaeo?a caaeaae? ?ea a?ae ia?aceoa?ieo caoai?thaaiue, a oiio /ene?
? oeo, ui aeeeeeathoueny iiiiaaiayie [ Kinne, 1984]. Iia??oaiiy a
inoaii? ?iee aeieia?/iiai noaio *i?iiai ii?y, a oaeiae c?inoath/ee
?ioa?an aei ia?eeoeueoo?e ?ea ?iaeoue aeooaeueiei i?iaiicoaaiiy
iiaeeeaeo ia?aceoa?ieo caoai?thaaiue ?ea, ye? iiaeooue aooe ni?e/eiai?
iiiiaaiayie. Aaaeeeaei caniaii i?aeaeuaiiy ?eaii?iaeoeoeaiino? aiaeiei ?
aee?iaoecaoe?y oa ?io?iaeoeoe?y iiaeo aeae?a. I?ioa iaeiei c oaeoi??a,
ui cieaeothoue aoaeoeai?noue oeeo ?ia?o, iiaeooue aooe ia?aceoe, i?e
oeueiio iniaeeai iaaacia/i? aeaee c i?yiei oeeeeii ?icaeoeo, aei yeeo
a?aeiinyoueny ? iiiiaaia?.

Oaeei /eiii, aeine?aeaeaiiy iiiiaaiae *i?iiai ii?y, ?o nenoaiaoe/iiai
neeaaeo, iniaeeainoae aeieia?? oa iioe?aiiy na?aae oacy?a ia? ia
o?eueee oai?aoe/iee , aea ? i?aeoe/iee ?ioa?an.

Iaoa oa caaaeaiiy ?iaioe. Iniiaia iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – anaa?/ia
aea/aiiy iiiiaaiae *i?iiai ii?y. A cayceo c oeei aoee iinoaaeai?
ne?aeoth/? caaaeaiiy:

ia iniia? i?ea?iaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue oa aiae?co e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaieo
i?iaanoe ?aa?c?th oaoie iiiiaaiae ?ea *i?iiai ii?y;

aea/eoe ii?oieia?/i? iniaeeaino? ciaeaeaieo aeae?a, oa?aeoa? ?o
eieae?caoe??, anoaiiaeoe aenoaineai?noue oa ?ioaineai?noue ?iaac??;

anoaiiaeoe eiei oacy?a /i?iiii?nueeeo iiiiaaiae,
i?iaiae?coaaoe /anoioo aeyaeaiiy ?o o ??cieo nenoaiaoe/ieo oa
aeieia?/ieo a?oi oacy?a, a oaeiae iaae? niaoeeo?/iino? ??cieo aeae?a;

aeine?aeeoe aieea ?yaeo oaeoi??a na?aaeiaeua, cae?aia oaiia?aoo?e,
a oaeiae ?ici??o ? a?eo oacy?ia ia ca?aaeai?noue iiiiaaiayie;

ia i?eeeaae? aeayeeo aeae?a iiiiaaiae aea/eoe iniaeeaino? ?o
i?e?ieieae?caoe?? ? aeyaeoe oaeoi?e, ui aieeaathoue ia ?iciiae?e
ia?aceo?a;

i?iaiae?coaaoe iniaeeaino? oa iiaeeea? oeyoe oi?ioaaiiy /i?iiii?nueei?
oaoie iiiiaaiae.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aea/ai? ii?oieia?/i?
iniaeeaino? 26 aeae?a /i?iiii?nueeeo iiiiaaiae. Iienaii 5 iiaeo
aeae?a. Aia?oa a *i?iiio ii?? ciaeaeaii iaeei ??ae (Polyclithrum) ? 6
aeae?a; aeey 15 aeae?a i?aeoaa?aeaeaia ?o iayai?noue ia /i?iiii?nueeeo
?eaao. Aeey 5 aeae?a ca?a?no?iaai? iia? oacy?. Aia?oa

2

i?iaiae?ciaaii ?iciiae?eaiiy /i?iiii?nueeeo iiiiaaiae na?aae ?ea ??cieo
nenoaiaoe/ieo oa aeieia?/ieo a?oi ? aeyaeai? iniaeeaino? ?o
niaoeeo?/iino?. Iaea?aeai? iia? aeai? i?i aieea iaaieo aeieia?/ieo
oaeoi??a ia ca?aaeaiiy /i?iiii?nueeeo ?ea iiiiaaiayie. Aea/ai?
iniaeeaino? i?e?ieieae?caoe?? ?yaeo aeae?a. Aia?oa i?iaaaeaii ii??aiyiiy
oaoi e iiiiaaiae *i?iiai ii?y ? noi?aeieo ii?nueeeo aeaaoi??e oa
i?iaaaeaii ciiaaia?ao?/iee aiae?c /i?iiii?nueei? oaoie iiiiaaia?.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe. Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe – aianie a
nenoaiaoeeo, aaia?ao?/ia ? ainoaeueia iioe?aiiy oa aeieia?th iiiiaaiae.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe. A?aeiiino? i?i aeaeiaee neeaae oa aeieia?th
iiiiaaiae, ui ia?aceoothoue o /i?iiii?nueeeo ?ea, iiaeooue aooe
aeei?enoai? aeey i?iaiicoaaiiy ia?aceoieia?/ii? neooaoe?? a ca’yceo c
iia??oaiiyi noaio /i?iiii?nueeeo aeinenoai, a oaeiae a oiiaao ooo/iiai
?icaaaeaiiy oa i?e ?io?iaeoeoe?? ?ea. Aeai? i?i aeeoo?a? oeeeee,
a?ieia?th oa aeieia?th iiiiaaiae iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? a eo?nao
eaeoe?e c ia?aceoieia??.

Ai?iaaoe?y aeena?oaoe??. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?? aeiiia?aeaeenue oa
iaaiai?thaaeenue ia iaoeiaeo nai?ia?ao a?aeae?eo aeieia?/ii?
ia?aceoieia?? (1991-1998 ??.), iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo
ani??aionueei? ?aaee ?iAII IAIO (Naaanoiiieue, 1991-1994 ??.), IV
neiiic?oi? c

ia?aceoieia?? ? iaoieia?? ii?nueeeo i?aai?ci?a (Naaanoiiieue, 1992 ?.).

Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy iioae?eiaai? a 5 noaooyo
? 9 oacao.

No?oeoo?a ? ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 173 noi??ieao
iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo ? neeaaea?oueny c anooio, naie aeaa, aeniiae?a oa
nieneo e?oa?aoo?e, yeee aeeth/a? 218 iaeiaioaaiue. Oaeno ?ethno?iaaiee
29 oaaeeoeyie ? 30 ?enoieii. Aeiaeaoie neeaaea?oueny c 7 oaaeeoeue.

Aeena?oaoe?eia ?aaioa aeeiiaia aaoi?ii naiino?eii o a?aeae?e?
aeieia?/ii? ia?aceoieia?? ?inoeoooo a?ieia?? i?aaeaiieo ii??a IAI
Oe?a?ie. A ?? iniiao iieeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe eaai?aoi?ieo ? iaoo?ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, i?iaaaeaieo aaoi?ii a 1991-1996 ??.

CI?NO ?IAIOE

Aeaaa I. ?noi??y aea/aiiy iiiiaaiae a *i?iii ii??.

A aeaa? ?icaeyioo? iniiai? aoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy iiiiaaiae a *i?iiio
ii??. I?iaiae?ciaai? ioae?eaoe?? a?o/eciyieo oa ca?oa?aeieo aaoi??a,
i?enay/ai? oe?e a?oi? ia?aceo?a. Iieacaia iaiao?aei?noue a?eueo
aeeaieiai aea/aiiy /i?iiii?nueeeo iiiiaaiae: ?o oaoie, aeieia??,
a?ieia??, aeeoo?aeo oeeee?a, aaia?ao?/iiai iioe?aiiy.

3

Aeaaa II. Iaoa??ae ? iaoiaeeea.

Iaoa??ae, yeee aeei?enoaiee aeey aeeiiaiiy ?iaioe, c?a?aiiee i?ioyaii
1991-1996 ??. a?ey E?einueeiai ocaa?aaeaey ( a aeaaoi??? ieno Oa?oaieoo,
Eoeoe, aoooe Eani?, a oaeiae Ea?aaeaao ? i.Ea?/ oa a Naaanoiiieuenueeeo
aoooao: Aaeaeeaa?, Ieoaee?anuee?e, I?ai?/i?e, Ia?oeiia?e, Ea?aioeii?e,
No??eaoeuee?e, Eica/?e, a?ey ieno Oa?niian).

Anueiai aeine?aeaeaii 2332 aec. ?ea 56 aeae?a, ye? iaeaaeaoue aei 31
?iaeeie. Aecia/aiiy ?ea i?iaiaeeeiny ca A.I. Naaoia?aeiaei [1964] oa
O.N. ?annii [1987]. O eiaeii? ?eae aei??thaaeany aeiaaeeia o?ea ?
aecia/aeany noaoue.

?c c?a?aieo iiiiaaiae aeaioiaeyeenue ae?oea?eiiai-aeaeaoeiia? i?aia?aoe
ii caaaeueiii?eeiyo?e iaoiaeeoe? [Aonaa, 1983]. Iaeiaioaaiiy
neea?ioeciaaieo /anoei i?ee??iethaaeueiiai aeeneo oa

?o aei??e iaaaaeai? ca I.A. Aon?aei [1985] ? ?.?. A?aainii [1985]. A
?iaio? aeei?enoiaoaaeeny i?e?ineiie IAN-10, IA?-3, IA?-6, ?enoaaeueiee
aia?ao ?A-4, oaciai-eiio?ania iaeaaeiaiiy OE-4.

Aeey aeaeiai? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? iiiiaaiae aeei?enoiaoaaeenue aecia/ieee ?
iiiia?ao?? [Auoianeee, 1957; Aaaaneay, Aonaa, Aeaeyio?a oa ?io., 1975;
Aonaa, 1985; Yamaguti, 1963; Malmberg, 1970], a oaeiae aecia/i? ?iaioe
a?o/eciyieo oa ca?oa?aeieo aaoi??a c ie?aieo a?oi iiiiaaiae [Oliver,
1968,1980; Euzet, Suriano, 1977 oa ?io.].

*enaeuei?noue iiioeyoe?e iiiiaaiae oa?aeoa?ecoaaeany o?ueiia
ia?aiao?aie: aenoaineai?noth oa ?ioaineai?noth ?iaac??, ?iaeaenii
/enaeueiino?.

Noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea aeaieo i?iaiaeeeany ca noaiaea?oieie iaoiaeeeaie
[Eaeei, 1980; Caeoeaa, 1984]. Aeinoia??i?noue ??cieoe? iieaciee?a
/enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?? a??iaeaeoeethn?a aecia/aee ca aeiiiiiaith
e?eoa??th O?oa?a. Oeae aea e?eoa??e aeei?enoaiee aeey aiae?co
?iciiae?eaiiy iiiiaaiae ia cya?ao ?ea. Aeinoia??i?noue ??cieoe? a
?ici??ao o?oeii?aeieo no?oeoo? ?ic?aoiaoaaeanue ca e?eoa???i
No’thaeaioa.

I?e ii??aiyii? oaoi iiiiaaiae ??cieo ?iaeei ?ea aeei?enoaii eiao?oe??io
ni?eueiino? oaoie [Pielou, 1974], aeey aiae?co nooiaiy iiae?aiino? i?ae
oaoiaie iiiiaaiae i?aaeaiieo ii??a ?iaeaen *aeaiianueeiai-Nuea?naia
[Ianaiei, 1982].

Aeaaa III. Nenoaiaoe/iee iaeyae oaoie iiiiaaiae *i?iiai ii?y.

Aei ii/aoeo iaoeo aeine?aeaeaiue o ?ea *i?iiai ii?y aoei a?aeiii 29
aeae?a iiiiaaiae c 20 ?iae?a ? 14 ?iaeei [Aaaanueeay, Aonaa, Aeaeyio?a
oa ?io., 1975; Aonaa, 1985]. Ie ciaeoee 26 aeae?a, ye?
iaeaaeaoue aei 11 ?iae?a c 9 ?iaeei. C ieo iiaeie
aeey iaoee aeyaeeeny 5

4

aeae?a, 6 aeae?a ? iaeei ??ae aia?oa ciaeaeai? o /i?iiii?nueeeo ?ea.
Aeey 5 aeae?a iiiiaaiae a?aei?/aii iia? oacy?. A aeaa? iaaaaeai?
a?aeiiino? i?i nenoaiaoe/ia iieiaeaiiy eiaeiiai ciaeaeaiiai iaie aeaeo,
eiai no/anio iacao, i?i oacy?a, i?noea oa /an aeyaeaiiy, eieae?caoe?th,
iieacieee ?iaac??, iiaeaia ei?ioea aeia?aeea c ?noi??? iieno
aeaeo oa

a?aeiiino? i?i eiai ciaoiaeaeaiiy a ?ioeo ?aeiiao, aeaoaeuei? iiene
ii?oieia??, i?ea?iaeuei? ?enoiee. Aeey 14 ?ai?oa ca?a?no?iaaieo, aea ia
ciaeaeaieo iaie aeae?a, iiaeaii ei?ioe? aeia?aeee ui aei ?o
nenoaiaoe/iiai iieiaeaiiy oa ?noi??? ?o aeyaeaiiy a *i?iiio ii??.

Ca?aeii aiae?co aeanieo oa e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaieo no/ania oaoia iiiiaaiae
?ea *i?iiai ii?y, aac o?aooaaiiy aeoaea ii??niaieo ia?aaeae?eiaeo
ae?eyiie, ia?aoiao? 40 aeae?a ?c 21 ?iaeo, 4 c yeeo ?icaeyaeathoueny
iaie ye noii?ai?.

Oaaeeoey 1. Aeaeiaee neeaae iiiiaaiae ?ea *i?iiai ii?y

Aeae Oacy?i

?iaeeia Ancyrocephalidae

Ancyrocephalus cobitis Ergens, 1963* Gobius cobitis

Ancyrocephalus sp.Pogorelzeva, 1964** Atherina boyeri

Ligophorus acuminatus Euzet et Suriano, 1977 Liza saliens

L.chabaudi Euzet et Suriano, 1977 Mugil cephalus, M.soiuy

L.euzeti Dmitrieva et Gerasev, 1996 Liza saliens

L.kaohsinghsieni (Gussev, 1962) Liza aurata, Mugil soiuy

L.macrocolpos Euzet et Suriano, 1977 Liza aurata

L.szidati Euzet et Suriano, 1977 Liza aurata

L.vanbenedenii (Parona et Perugia, 1890) Liza aurata, Mugil cephalus

Paradiplectanotrema trachuri (Kovaleva,1970)* Trachurus mediterraneus
ponticus

?iaeeia Diplectanidae

Diplectanum aculeatum Parona et Perugia, 1889 Sciaena umbra, Umbrina
cirrosa

D.similis Bychowsky, 1957 S. umbra, U. cirrosa

Lamellodiscus elegans Bychowsky, 1957 Diplodus annularis

L.fraternus Bychowsky,1957 Diplodus annularis

?iaeeia Calceostomatidae

Calceostomella inerme (Parona et Perugia, 1889) Sciaena umbra, Umbrina
cirrosa

?iaeeia Monocotylidae

Calicotyle kroyeri Diesing, 1850* Raja clavata

?iaeeia Capsalidae

Capsala pelamydis Taschenberg, 1878* Sarda sarda

Nitzschia sturionis (Abildgaard, 1794) Acipencer stellatus, A.sturio

A.guldenstadti, Huso huso

?iaeeia Tetraonchoididae

Tetraonchoides paradoxus Bychowsky, 1951 Uranoscopus scaber

?iaeeia Bothitrematidae

Bothitrema bothi (MacCallum, 1913) * Psetta maxima maeotica

5

I?iaeiaaeaiiy oaae?oee 1

Aeae Oicy?i

?iaeeia Gyrodactylidae***

G.atherinae Bychowsky, 1933** Atherina boyeri

G.crenilabri Zaika, 1966

Symphodus tinca, S.roissali

S.cinereus, S.ocellatus

G.flesi Malmberg, 1957 Platichthys flesus luscus, Raja
clavata, Pomatomus saltatrix, Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus,

Uranoscopus scaber, Spicara flexuosa, Gobius niger,
Neogobius melanostomus

G.harengi Malmberg, 1957 Sprattus sprattus phalericus

G.proterorhini Ergens, 1967 Gobius cobitis,G.ophiocephalus,
G.niger,Neogobius melanostomus, Proterorhinus marmoratus

Gyrodactylus sp.1 Dmitrieva et Gerasev, 1997 Odontogadus merlangus
euxinus, Raja clavata, Alosa pontica pontica, Engraulis encrasicholus,
Salmo trutta labrax ,Liza aurata,

Atherina boyeri, Pomatomus saltatrix, Diplodus annularis, Boops salpa,
Mullus barbatus, Uranoscopus scaber, Ophidion rochei, Neogodius
melanostomus, Psetta maxima maeotica, Platichthys flesus luscus

Gyrodactylus sp.2 Dmitrieva et Gerasev, 1997 Blennius sphinx

Polyclithrum rogersi Dmitrieva et al., in press Mugil cephalus

P.ponticum Dmitrieva et al., in press M.cephalus

?iaeeia Diclybothriidae

Diclybothrium armatum Leunkart, 1835* Acipenser stellatus,A.sturio
A.guldenstadti, Huso huso

?iaeeia Hexabothriidae

Squalonchocotyle pontica Pogorelzeva, 1964** Dasyatis pastinaca

S.squali MacCallum, 1931* Squalus acanthias

?iaeeia Mazocraeidae

Mazocraes alosae Hermann, 1782 Alosa pontica pontica, A.caspia,

A.falax nilotica,A.alosa bulgarica

Pseudoantocotyle markewitschi Nicolaeva

et Pogorelzeva, 1965* Engraulis encrasicolus maeotica, Atherina boyeri

Kuhnia scombri (Kuhn,1829) * Scomber scombrus

?iaeeia Plectanocotylidae

6

I?iaeiaaeaiiy oaae?oee 1

Aeae Oicy?i

Plectanocotyle gurnardi

( van Beneden et Hesse, 1863)* Trigla lucerna

?iaeeia Microcotylidae

Microcotyle mugilis Vogt, 1878 Mugil cephalus, M.soiuy,

Liza aurata, L.saliens

M.pomatomi Goto, 1899 Pomatomus saltatrix

M.pontica Pogorelzeva, 1964** Symphodus tinca

?iaeeia Axinidae

Axine belones Abildgaard,1794 Belone belone euxini

* – iaie ia ciaeaeaiee; ** – noii?aiee aeae [Aa?anueea, Aon?a, Aeaeyio?a
oa ?io., 1975]; *** – ne?ae i/?eoaaoe aeyaeaiiy ua aeaio aeae?a
a??iaeaeoee?ae – G. mugili ? G. zhukovi, ciaeaeaieo o i?eaiaana a
Acianueeiio ii?? [Iaeueoeaa, 1997].

Ie ianoaaeeee 62 % aeae?a ?ea oaoie *i?iiai ii?y [Naaoiaeaeia, 1964], ?
i?aeoe/ii an? aeaee, ye? cono?a/athony a?ey ocaa?aaeaey E?eio. sseui
a?aooaaoe iiia?aaei? aeine?aeaeaiiy iiiiaaiae /i?iiii?nueeeo ?ea, oi
aeyaeoueny, ui aeine?aeaeaiiyie ioiieaii 90 % ?oo?ioaoie. Ioaea oe?eeii
iiaeia i?eionoeoe, ui nienie c 40 aeae?a a?aeiia?aea? ae?eniiio neeaaeo
oaoie iiiiaaiae ?ea *i?iiai ii?y. Aacoiiaii, a?i iiaea iiiiaieoeny, aea
ia?aaaaeii ca ?aooiie aeae?a, ui caianai? ?eaaie ?c Ia?io?iaiai oa
Aaaenueeiai ii??a a i?eainoi?nueeo /anoeio *i?iiai ii?y. E??i oiai,
eiia??ia iiyaa a oaoi? *i?iiai ii?y iiaeo aeae?a c ?io?iaeoeiaaieie
oacyyie. I?eeeaaee oae? a?aeii?. Oea Gyrodactylus mugili, G. zhukovi ?
Ligophorus kaohsinghsieni, ye? aoee caaacai? a Acianueea ii?a c
Aeaeaeiai Noiaeo i?e ?io?iaeoeoe?? i?eaiaana [Iaeueoeaa, 1997].
Inoaii?e ?c cacia/aieo aeae?a oaea ciaeaeaiee iaie a *i?iiio ii?? ia
i?eaiaan? oa n?ia?e? [Aeieo?eaaa, 1996].

Aeaaa IV. Oa?aeoa?enoeea oaoie iiiiaaiae ?ea *i?iiai ii?y.

1. Oa?aeoa?enoeea oaoie iiiiaaiae ?ea ??cieo oaenii?a. Oaoia ?ea –
iino?eieo iaoeaioe?a *i?iiai ii?y ia?aoiao? 91 aeae [Naaoiaeaeia,
1964; ?ann, 1987]. Ca aeanieie ? e?oa?aoo?ieie aeaieie, iiiiaaia?
ciaeaeai? o ?ea 46 aeae?a, oiaoi o iieiaeie aeae?a /i?iiii?nueei?
?oo?ioaoie.

Eean Chondrichthyes i?aaenoaaeaiee a *i?iii ii?? 3 aeaeaie (Squalus
acanthias, Raja clavata, Dasyatis pastinaca). O ieo a?aeiii 5 aeae?a
iiiiaaiae, iaeei ?c yeeo – Squalonchocotyle pontica Pogorelzeva, 1964 ?
noii?aiei [Aa?aneay, Aonaa, Aeaeyio?a oa ?io., 1975]. Na?aae
Osteichthyes oacy?ie iiiiaaiae ? ?eae 43 aeae?a. O ieo
aeyaeaii 37 aeae?a

7

iiiiaaiae, i?e oeueiio iayai?noue a *i?iiio ii?? o?ueio aeae?a –
Ancyrocephalus sp. Pogorelzeva, 1964, Gyrodactylus atherinae Bychowsky,
1933 Microcotyle pontica Pogorelzeva, 1964, aeeeeea? noii?a.

Aeaa aeaee Gyrodactylus sp.1 ? G.flesi – ni?euei? aeey ?ea iaio eean?a.
Ia?oee ?c ieo ciaeaeaiee o 16 aeae?a oacy?a c ??cieo ?iaeei, ae?oaee – o
8. Iai ia a?aeii? ?io? i?eeeaaee iayaiino? ni?eueieo aeae?a iiiiaaiae o
?ea

iaio eean?a. ?aeeia iia?aeiieaiiy oi?ea?oueny aeyaeaiiy Gyrodactylus
errabundus (oa?aeoa?iiai ia?aceoa aaeueaethae) ia eao?ai? Squalus
acanthias, yeee oo?eioaaany a iaeiiio c aaeueaethaith aeaa??oi?. A
iaoiio aeiaaeeo iiaa iiaea eoe i?i no?eeee oa?aeoa? ia?aceoa?ieo nenoai
“Gyrodactylus sp.1 – Raja clavata” ? “Gyrodactylus flesi – Raja
clavata”, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny aenieith ca?aaeaii?noth neao?a aeaieie
ia?aceoaie: ia?oee ?c ieo ciaeaeaiee iaie o 30,7 %, a ae?oaee o 100 %
aeine?aeaeaieo neao?a, ye? aoee aeeiaeai? a ??ci? naciie.

Iaea?eueo ??ciiiai?oia oaoia iiiiaaiae o Mugilidae, i?aaenoaaeaieo a
*i?iiio ii?? 5 aeaeaie.O ieo ca?a?no?iaaii 11 aeae?a iiiiaaiae ?c 4
?iae?a, i?e/iio 10 aeae?a niaoeeo?/i? aeey oeeo ?ea. 9 ?c 10, ye?
a?aeiinyoueny aei ?iae?a Ligophorus ? Polyclithrum, oaeiae niaoeeo?/i?
aei eaoaeueiaeo. Iaiaaii, iioiaeaeaiiy oeeo ?iae?a iia’ycaii c
eaoaeueiaeie ?eaaie, o?eaaea ni?eueia aaiethoe?y c yeeie ? i?ecaaea aei
?o oe?iei? aeaeiai? ?aae?aoe??. Aeineoue ??ciiiai?oia oaoia iiiiaaiae o
?ea ? oaeeo ?iaeei ye Uranoscopidae, Sciaenidae, Sparidae oa ?yaeo
?ioeo. Aeaye? ?c oeeo ?iaeei i?aaenoaaeai? a *i?iiio ii?? iaaaaaoueia
aeaeaie, aea o ieo ciaeaeaii 3-4 aeaee iiiiaaiae. C ?ioiai aieo, o
iaea?eueo /eneaii?e na?aae /i?iiii?nueeeo ?ea ?iaeei? Gobiidae ( 15
aeae?a) oacyyie iiiiaaiae aeyaeeeny i?aaenoaaieee anueiai 5 aeae?a. O
ieo ciaeaeaii 4 aeaee iiiiaaiae, aeaa c yeeo niaoeeo?/i? aei oeeo ?ea.
O ia?aaaaeii? ae a?eueoino? ?iaeei /i?iiii?nueeeo ?ea oaoia iiiiaaiae
aeineoue a?aeia ?, ye i?aaeei, i?aaenoaaeaia iaeiei, ??aeoa aeaiia
aeaeaie.

Iaea?eueoa /enei aeae?a ?ea-oacy?a iiiiaaiae na?aae i?aaenoaaiee?a
?iaeei Clupeidae oa Gobiidae (ii 5), Labridae oa Mugilidae (4), aea
oey a?aeiinia a?eueo?noue i?yii i?iii?oe?eia caaaeueiiio /eneo aeae?a
oeeo ?iaeei a *i?iii ii??.

2. Oa?aeoa?enoeea oaoie iiiiaaiae ?ea ??cieo aeieia?/ieo a?oi. Na?aae
/i?iiii?nueeeo ?ea ie ?ic??ciy?ii o?e aeieia?/i? a?oie: iaeaa?/io,
i?eaeiiii-iaeaa?/io ? aeiiio. I?e ?iciiae?e? ?ea ii a?oiao a?aoiaoaaee
an? aeaee, iacaeaaeii a?ae oiai, ciaeaeai? o ieo iiiiaaia? /e i?.

Iaeaa?/ia a?oia aeeth/a? 18 aeae?a, aai 19,7 % /i?iiii?nueei?
?oo?ioaoie. 13 aeae?a ?ea aeaii? a?oie, aai 72,2 % aeyaeeeny oacyyie 10
aeae?a iiiiaaiae. I?eaeiiii-iaeaa?/ia a?oia ia?aoiao? 37 aeae?a,
aai

8

40,6 % /i?iiii?nueei? ?oo?ioaoie. 21 aeae ?ea aeaii? a?oie, aai 56,6 %
aeyaeeeny oacyyie 22 aeae?a iiiiaaiae. Aeiiia a?oia aeeth/a? 36 aeae?a,
aai 39,7 % /i?iiii?nueei? ?oo?ioaoie. A oe?e a?oi? oacyyie iiiiaaiae
aeyaeeeny ?eae 11 aeae?a, aai 30,6 % ?o caaaeueiiai /enea. O ieo
ia?aceoo? 9 aeae?a iiiiaaiae.

Ii??aiyiiy /anoioe aeyao iiiiaaiae na?aae ?ea cacia/aieo aeieia?/ieo
a?oi iieacaei, ui iaea?eueoa /enei ?o oacy?a na?aae i?eaeiiii-iaeaa?/ieo
?ea – 21 aeae (ii??aiy?ii c 13 aeaeaie iaeaa?/ieo ? 11 aeaeaie aeiiieo
?ea – oacy?a iiiiaaiae). Iaeiae 21 aeae oeeo oacy?a oea o?eueee 56,6 %
a?ae caaaeueiiai /enea aeae?a i?eaeiiii-iaeaa?/i?? a?oie, oiae? ye
na?aae iaeaa?/ieo ?ea aeiey oacy?a aeinyaa? 72,2 %, a na?aae aeiiieo
-30,6 %. Oaeei /eiii, a *i?iiio ii?? iaea?eueo “inai?ieie” iiiiaaiayie
aeyaeeeny iaeaa?/i? ?eae. Iiaeeea? i?e/eie oeueiai a iniaeeainoyo
oi?ioaaiiy /i?iiii?nueeiai aanaeio oa eiai ?oo?ioaoie. *i?ia ii?a ia
i?ioyc? nai?? ?noi??? iaiaeii?aciai ao?a/aei ca’ycie c
Na?aaecaiiiii?nueeei aanaeiii, ooai?thth/e caieiooa aiaeieieua oa
caciath/e i?e oeueiio cia/iiai ii??niaiiy [Ni?ieei, 1982]. I?ney
inoaiiueiai a?aeiiaeaiiy ca’yceo ?c Na?aaecaiiei ii?ai (a?ey 8-10 oen.
?ie?a oiio), iaeaa?/i? ?eae, ye? cae?enithoue aeiaa? i?a?aoe??,
iaea?aeaee iiaeeea?noue eiioaeoo c iiioeyoe?yie nii??aeiaieo
na?aaecaiiiii?nueeeo ? aoeaioe/ieo aeae?a. Oea iaoiiaeei, c iaoi? oi/ee
ci?o, iiaoi?ia i?eaeaaiiy ieie iiiiaaiae, aeanoeaeo iaeaa?/iei aeaeai
oacy?a. Aeiii? ?eae, ia cae?enithth/e aeiaaeo i?a?aoe?e ? ao?aoeaoe a
ia??iae ii??niaiey *i?iiai ii?y aaaaoueio oeiiai ii?nueeeo ia?aceo?a, ia
iaee iiae?aii? iiaeeeaino? aeey “a?aeiiaeaiiy” nai?? oaoie iiiiaaiae.

Cacia/eii, ui ni?eueieie aeey an?o o?ueio aeieia?/ieo a?oi oacy?a ?
o?eueee aeaa aeaee iiiiaaiae – Gyrodactylus sp.1 ? G.flesi.

3. I?iyae niaoeeo?/iino? o iiiiaaiae /i?iiii?nueeeo ?ea. Aeey iiiiaaiae
oa?aeoa?ia aeniea i?eo?i/aii?noue aei ?iae?a oa aeae?a ?o oacy?a
– ?ea [Auoianeee, 1957]. Aiae?c /anoioe aeyaeaiey /i?iiii?nueeeo
iiiiaaiae na?aae ?o oacy?a i?aeoaa?aeaeo? oeth iniaeea?noue.

Oaaeeoey 2. *anoioa aeyao aeae?a, ?iae?a ? ?iaeei iiiiaaiae

ia ?eaao *i?iiai ii?y

Oaenii?a iiiiaaiae: Aeae?a ?iae?a ?iaeei

Ia iaeiiio aeae? ?ea 22/61* 13/62 6/43

Ia ??cieo aeaeao ?ea iaeiiai ?iaeo 3/8,5 1/4,5 –

Ia ?eaao ??cieo ?iae?a iaei??? ?iaeeie 9/25 5/24 2/14

Ia ?eaao ??cieo ?iaeei iaeiiai ?yaeo – – 1/7

Ia ?eaao ??cieo ?yae?a 2/5,5 2/9,5 5/36

* – e?ee?noue oaenii?a / %

9

Ioaea a?eueo?noue /i?iiii?nueeeo iiiiaaiae i?iyaey? aenieee nooi?iue
i?eo?i/aiino? aei nenoaiaoe/ieo a?oi oacy?a. ?iaea [Rohde,
1982] iaceaa? oaeo i?eo?i/ai?noue “o?eiaaiaoe/iith
niaoeeo?/i?noth”, a i?ioeeaaei?noue “aeieia?/i?e”, i?ae yeith
?icoi?thoue i?eo?i/ai?noue ia?aceoa aei iaaii? aeieia?/ii? a?oie
oacy?i?a. Ii nai?e nooiino?, iaeaea? oi?ie niaoeeo?/iino? (aeieia?/ia ?
o?eiaaiaoe/ia) ? aeieia?/ieie, ine?eueee ? ?acoeueoaoii i?enoinoaaiiy
aei iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua. Aea a ia?oiio aeiaaeeo iiaa eaea i?i
a?eueo aocueea i?enoinoaaiiy aei na?aaeiaeua I ii?yaeeo (ii?oieia?/i?,
o?c?ieia?/i? oa aeieia?/i? iniaeeaino? oacy?ia ), a ae?oaiio ae – i?i
a?eueoo ni?yiiaai?noue i?enoinoaaiiy aei na?aaeiaeua i?iaeeaaiey naiiai
oacy?ia, oiaoi na?aaeiaeua II ii?yaeeo. Iaeiae, eeaneo?eaoe?y
niaoeeo?/iino?, cai?iiiiiaaia ?iaea [1982], caea?oueny iai iaea?eueo
c?o/iith, ine?eueee iieno? aeaa ??ci? ueyoe ? ??ci? i?enoinoaaiiy
ia?aceoa aei oay?ia.

A e?oa?aoo?? ?niothoue ? ?io? eeaneo?eaoe?? niaoeeo?/iino?: oe?iea oa
aocueea, noai?a ? ianoai?a, iiiienaiia, ie?aienaiia ? iie?enaiia,
noaiienaiia ? ao??enaiia [Aeiaaeue, 1962; Iao?i/aiei, 1978; Ooeueiai,
Aeia?iaieueneee, 1977 oa ?i.]. Iaeiae ooo ia?oueny ia oaac? eeoa
e?ee?noue aeae?a oacy?a aac o?aooaaiiy ?o nii??aeiaiino?. ?iaeoa
eaaeo/e, oa?aeoa?eco?oueny o?eueee e?ioeaaee ?acoeueoao, yeee iiaea aooe
i?aenoieii ??cieo, /anoi i?ioeeaaeieo, i?ioean?a. Iai?eeeaae,
iie?enaii?noue o iiiiaaiae iiaea aooe ?acoeueoaoii
i?enoinoaaiiy

ia?aceoa aei iaeiiai aeaeo oacy?ia, aaiethoe?y yeiai eoea ii oeyoo
aeeaa?aaioe??, eiaeiee oacy?i oniaaeeoaaa i?aaeeiaee aeae iiiiaaia?
(ia?aceo inaeaaeoey Mazocraes alosae). ?ieiee iie?enaii?noue ?
iane?aeeii caeaoiino? ca?aaeaoe oe?iea eiei aeinooiieo oacy?a
(iai?eeeaae, Gyrodactylus sp.1). Aeey ?acoi?iiy a?aeiioaiue i?ae
ia?aceoii ? oacy?iii, ia iao iiaeyae, iaea?eueo nooo?aei ? ia
e?euee?niee iieaciee (e?euee?noue aeae?a oacy?a), yeee, aei ?a/?, c?o/ii
ae?aaeaoe eiie?aoiei /eneii, a ye?niee (iaeaaei?noue oeeo aeae?a aei
iaaii? nenoaiaoe/ii? aai aeieia?/ii? a?oie), ui ciiao-oaee na?ae/eoue ia
ei?enoue iaea?eueoi? i?eeiyoiino? eeaneo?eaoe?? ii ?iaea [1982].

Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui canoiniaoth/e oa?i?ie “niaoeeo?/i?noue” ? “/anoioa
aeyaeaiiy” i?aeoe/ii ye neiii?ie, ie ca?aei? c iiaeyaeii
A.?.Aeoianueeiai [1957], ui i?ae ieie ? ??cieoey, ine?eueee ia?oee – oea
caeaoi?noue aei ca?aaeaiiy, a ae?oaee oa?aeoa?eco? iayai? oaeoe
ca?aaeaiiy. Aiae?coth/e aeai? iaoo?ieo ceiiie, ie oaeoe/ii caaaeaee
ia?ii ni?aao c /anoioith aeyao, yea, ye i?aaeei, aoae/a niaoeeo?/iino?.
Oaeei /eiii, niaoeeo?/i?noue eiie?aoiiai aeaeo iiiiaaiae iiaea aooe
aecia/aia o?eueee a niaoe?aeueieo aenia?eiaioao.

10

Aiai?y/e i?i /anoioo aeyaeaiiy ? niaoeeo?/i?noue /i?iiii?nueeeo
iiiiaaiae, ie ia a?aoiaoaaee e?euee?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee ca?aaeaiiy iaeiei
aeaeii ia?aceoa ??cieo oacy?a. ?acii c oei, aeaye? aeaee iiiiaaiae
ca?aaeathoue aeae?eueea aeae?a ?ea c ??ciith aenoaineai?noth oa
?ioaineai?noth ?iaac??, a caeaaeiino? a?ae /iai na?aae ?o oacy?a iiaeia
aeae?eeoe iniiaieo, ae?oai?yaeieo ? aeiaaeeiaeo [Aeiaaeue, 1962;
TH?aoii, 1982]. Oae, ?iaeaene /enaeueiino? Ligophorus vanbenedenii ia
neia?e? oa eiaai?, aeeiaeaieo ca iaeio ? oeo aea oiia, noaiiaeee 16,6 ?
0,2. Ioaea, neia?eue aeey oeueiai aeaeo iniiaiee oacy?i, a eiaai –
ae?oai?yaeiee. ?iaeaen /eneaiiino? L.kaohsinghsieni ia i?eaiaan? ?
neia?e? noaiiaeyoue a?aeiia?aeii 4,3 ? 0,025. Ia?oee oacy?i aeey oeueiai
ia?aceoa – iniiaiee, ae?oaee – aeiaaeeiaee. Gyrodactylus. flesi
ia?aceoo? ia 8 aeaeao ?ea, a Gyrodactylus sp. 1 ia 16, aea iniiaiei
oacy?iii aeey ia?oiai ? aeina, aeey ae?oaiai – /a?iiii?neee ia?eaia, a
an? ?io? aeaee

– ae?oai?yaei?, aai iaa?oue aeiaaeeia? oacy?. ?ieue, yeo a?a? oie /e
?ioee aeae ?eae a ia?aceoi-oacy?ii?e nenoai?, ui aeeth/a? aeae?eueea
aeae?a oacy?a, caeaaeeoue, iaaooue, ? a?ae /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe??
eiie?aoiiai aeaeo ?ea. Oae, na?aae eaoaeueiaeo o *i?iiio ii?? a?ey
aa?aa?a E?eio iaea?eueo aaaaoi/enaeuei? iiioeyoe?? eiaaia ? neia?ey.
Microcotyle mugilis, ciaeaeaiee o an?o /i?iiii?nueeeo eaoaeueiaeo,
iaea?eueo a?aaeathoueny naia oe? aeaa aeaee ?ea (?* ia eiaai? – 1,2,
neia?e? – 1,1, i?eaiaan?- 0,7, aino?iiin? – 0,6).

Aiae?c oaoie iiiiaaiae *i?iiai ii?y iieacaa, ui aeaeiaee neeaae oeeo
ia?aceo?a a aeaiiio aiaeieieu? iaoiiaeaiee ianaiia?aae oaeniiii?/iei
neeaaeii ?ea-oacy?a, yeee a naith /a?ao, aecia/a?oueny nai???aei?noth
oa ?noi???th oi?ioaaiiy ii?y. Eiaeia nenoaiaoe/ia oa aeieia?/ia a?oia
oacy?a ia? oa?aeoa?io oaoio iiiiaaiae, ui ? iane?aeeii i?iyaeaiiy
niaoeeo?/iino? o oe??? a?oie ia?aceo?a.

Aeaaa V. Aeaye? ieoaiiy aeieia?? iiiiaaiae

A aeaa? aeeeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aieeao ?yaeo aeieia?/ieo
oaeoi??a, a naia, oaiia?aoo?e aiaee, naciio ? ?ici??o-a?eo oacy?ia, ia
/enaeuei?noue iiioeyoe?e iiiiaaiae.

1.Aieea oaiia?aoo?e aiaee ? naciio ?ieo ia /enaeuei?noue iiioeyoe?e
iiiiaaiae. Aia?oa ia *i?iiio ii?? aea/aii aieea oaiia?aoo?e aiaee ia
/enaeuei?noue iiioeyoe?e iiiiaaiae. sse ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy aoa
ia?aiee Gyrodactylus sp.2, ui ia?aceoo? ia /i?iiii?nuee?e
niaa/oe?-no?ien? – Blennius sphinx. Aeeiai?ea /enaeueiino? i?e?iaeii?
iiioeyoe?? a??iaeaeo?ethn?a ?c niaa/ie-no?ien aeine?aeaeoaaeany a
/a?ai?-a?oaei? 1995?. a Ea?aioeii?e aooo? ( i. Naaanoiiieue ).
?a?no?oaaeeny oaiia?aoo?a aiaee, aeeaeia iaoeaiiy oacy?a ?
u?euei?noue iiioeyoe?? ?ea. C na?iiy
ia?aeaeueii i?iaiaeeany eaai?aoi?iee
aenia?eiaio, a yeiio
aoee noai?ai? oiiae, ye?

11

aeeeth/aie aieea ?ioeo oaeoi??a ia /enaeuei?noue ia?aceo?a. Ia i?ioyc?
aenia?eiaioo (c 15 na?iiy aei 20 a?oaeiy) oaiia?aoo?a aiaee cieceeany c
23 aei 7(N. Iieacieee /enaeueiino? iiiiaaiae ?a?no?oaaeenue
/a?ac oeaeaeaiue i?ney /a?aiai? ci?ie oaiia?aoo?e aiaee ia iaioa, i?ae
ia 1(N. Iaeii/anii aei??thaaeenue o?oeii?aei? no?oeoo?e
i?ee??iethaaeueiiai aeeneo ? i?ae?aoiaoaaeanue e?euee?noue aia??ii?a a
aeae?eueeio aeanyoeao aeiaaeeiai a?ae?a?aieo iniaei iiiiaaiae.
*enaeuei?noue ia?aceo?a oa?aeoa?ecoaaeany aeaiia ia?aiao?aie:
aenoaineai?noth ?iaac?? oa ?iaeaenii /enaeueiino?.

?en. 1. Aieea oaiia?aoo?e aiaee ia ca?aaeai?noue
niaa/ie Gyrodactylus sp.2 : 1 – aenoaineai?noue ?iaac??, a %; 2 –
?iaeaen /eneaiiino?, a aec.

A i a n e ? ae i e eaai?aoi?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue anoaiiaeaii, ui iaeaeu? i
i e a c i e e e ?iaac?? n i a a / i e – n o ? i e n
? a a ? ? i ae a e o? e th n a i e niinoa??aathoueny i?e oaiia?aoo??
aiaee 18 (N. I?e i ? ae a e u a i i ? oaiia?aoo?e a?ae 18 aei 23 (N
? i?e ?? cieaeaii? a?ae 18 aei 15 (N /enaeuei?noue ia?aceo?a aeinoia??ii
ciaiooaaeanue. I?e iiaeaeueoiio cieaeaii? oaiia?aoo?e a?ae 11 aei 9 (N
a?aecia/aeinue iaaaeeea i?aeaeuaiiy /enaeueiino? iiiiaaiae, a i?e 7 (N
iieacieee ?iaac?? aoee oae? ae, ye ? i?e 23 (N (?en.1). I?e iiia?iiio
ii??aiyii? na?aaei?o ?ici???a o?oeii?aeieo no?oeoo? aeine?aeaeoaaiiai
aeaeo i?e ??cieo oaiia?aoo?ao aiaee a aeaio aeiaaeeao, ye?
niinoa??aaeenue i?e oaiia?aoo?ao 18-15 ? 9-7 (N, aeyaeai? aeinoia??i?
a?aei?iiino? ii oanoe i?ii??ai. Oaeei /eiii, o?eaae?noue ?icaeoeo
aia??iia i?e cacia/aieo cieaeaiiyo oaiia?aoo?e ca?eueooaaeanue ? aoea
iaeneiaeueiith i?e 7 (N. E??i oiai, ie ?icaeyioee iiaeeea?noue
aieeao oaiia?aoo?e aiaee ia i?ioean ia?iaeaeaiiy iieiaeeo iniaei o
a??iaeaeoeethn?a, ui ii?yae c o?eaae?noth aia??iaaiaco, iiaea aieeiooe
ia ieiaeth/?noue ia?aceoa. Aeey oeueiai aoea i?ae?aoiaaia na?aaeiy
e?euee?noue aia??ii?a a iaooe? /a?a?a. I?e i?eai?/aiino? i?ioeano
ia?iaeaeaiiy iieaciee aoaea a?eueoa 1, ui a iaoiio aenia?eiaio?
niinoa??aaeiny i?e 23 (N. Oiio, ia aeeaey/enue ia oa, ui
o?eaae?noue aia??iaaiaco i?e aeaiiiio cia/aii? oaiia?aoo?e aoea
i?i?iaeueiith, i?eai?/aiiy naiiai i?ioeano ia?iaeaeaiiy i?e 23 (N
cieaeoaaei ieiaeth/?noue /a?a?a. I?e an?o ?ioeo cia/aiiyo oaiia?aoo?e
i?eai?/aiiy i?ioeano ia?iaeaeaiiy ia niinoa??aaeinue. Ia iniia?
oeeo

12

iia?/ieo aeaieo iiaeia c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui ieiaeth/?noue
aeine?aeaeoaaiiai aeaeo aoea iaea?eueoith i?e 18 (N. Oea ? aecia/athoue
iaeneiaeuei? iieacieee /enaeueiino? ia?aceoa, ca?a?no?iaai? i?e aeai?e
oaiia?aoo??. Cieaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e aeeeeea? iiaeiaaeaiiy aia??iaaiaco ?,
a?aeiia?aeii, cieaeaiiy aeiaiai? ieiaeth/ino?.

?en. 2. Ca?aaeaii?noue niaa/ae Gyrodactylus sp. 2

a ??ci? naciie. Oiiai? iicia/aiiy ye ia ?en.1

A i?e?iaei?e iiioeyoe?? niaa/ie a Ea?aioeii?e aooo? i a e n e i a e ue
i ? i i e a c i e e e ?o c a ? a ae a i i n o ?
a??iaeaeo?ethnaie niinoa??aaeeny ia ii/aoeo e?oa. I?e oaiia?aoo?? aiaee
18 (N (?en.2). I ? ae a e u a i i y oaiia?aoo?e aei 23 (N
i?ecaiaeeoue a e?ioe? e?oa aei cieaeaiiy /eneaiiino? oeueiai ia?aceoa.
Ainaie (aa?anaiue-aeiaoaiue) ii/eia?oueny cieaeaiey oaiia?aoo?e
aiaee,yea noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny ca?eueoaiiyi /enaeueiinoe ia?aceo?a,
i?e/iio i?e /enaeueiino? ni?aiaaea? c oaiia?aoo?ith aiaee a?ey 18 (N.
Iiaeaeueoa cieaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e ia i?ioyc? eenoiiaaea – a?oaeiy
i?ecaiaeeei aei cieaeaiiy /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?? iiiiaaiae. Oaeei
/eiii, a i?e?iaei?e iiioeyoe?? niinoa??aa?oueny aeaa aeinoia??ieo i?ee
/enaeueiino? ia?aceoa: ia ii/aoeo e?oa ? ainaie, i?e oeueiio oaiia?aoo?a
aiaee a iaio aeiaaeeao aoea 18 (N.

A i?e?iaeieo oiiaao oaiia?aoo?a aiaee ae?? ia /enaeuei?noue iiioeyoe?e
iiiiaaiae ni?eueii c ?ioeie aa?ioe/ieie ? a?ioe/ieie oaeoi?aie.
Ii??aithth/e iieacieee ?iaac?? i?e iaei?e ? o?e aea oaiia?aoo??, yea
niinoa??aaeany a i?e?iaeieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo oiiaao, ie aeyaeee
?yae a?aei?iiinoae. *enaeuei?inoue a??iaeaeo?ethn?a a

aenia?eiaioaeueieo oiiaao i?e oaia?aoo?? 18-23 (N ia a?ae??ciyeanue a?ae
iieaciee?a, ca?a?no?iaaieo a i?e?iaei?e iiioeyoe?? a e?oi? i?nyoe?.
Iaeiae iieacieee ?iaac??, ye? niinoa??aathoueny a i?e?iaeieo oiiaao
ainaie i?e o?e aea oaiia?aoo?? (18 (N), ieae/a eaai?aoi?ieo, ine?eueee
u?euei?noue iiioeyoe?? oacy?i?a a i?e?iae? a oeae /an cia/ii iaioa.
A aenia?eiaio? ae aiia aoea iino?eiith ? a?aeiia?aeaea u?eueiino?
i?e?iaeii? iiioeyoe?? oacy?ia ia ii/aoie aenia?eiaioo a na?ii?. ??cea
cieaeaiiy u?eueiino? iiioeyoe?? oacy?ia a in?ii?e ia??iae ?iaeoue eiai
iaio aeinooiiei aeey ?a?iaac??. Oaeei
/eiii, ia aeeaey/enue ia oa, ui

13

caaaeueiee oa?aeoa? naciiii? aeeiai?ee iiioeyoe?? aeine?aeaeoaaiiai
aeaeo a??iaeaeo?ethna ? eiai caeaaei?noue a?ae oaiia?aoo?e
ni?aiaaeathoue, ?io? i?e?iaei? oaeoi?e, oae? ye, cae?aia, u?euei?noue
iiioeyoe?? oic??ia, aiinyoue nai? ei?aeoeae a eiie?aoio ea?oeio naciiii?
i?ieeaino? /enaeueiino? Gyrodactylus sp.2.

2. Aieea ?ici??o oa a?eo oacy?ia ia /enaeuei?noue iiioeyoe?e iiiiaaiae.
Ie i?iaiae?coaaee aieea ?ici??o oa a?eo oacy?ia ia /enaeuei?noue
iiioeyoe?e 5 aeae?a iiiiaaiae – Ligophorus vanbenedenii ? L.szidati ,
Microcotyle mugilis ? Gyrodactylus sp.1, ui ia?aceoothoue o n?ia?ey, ?
Gyrodactylus sp.2 – o niaa/ee-no?iena.

Oa?aeoa? caeaaeiino? ca?aaeaiiy a?ae ?ici??ii-a?eiai? no?oeoo?e
iiioeyoe?? n?ia?ey iaeiaeiaee aeey iaio aeae?a Ligophorus ? a?aeiia?aea?
i?yi?e i?iii?oe?eiino?. Aeey aeaio ?ioeo aeae?a (Gyrodactylus sp.1 ?
Microcotyle mugilis) iaea?eueo? iieacieee ?iaac?? ca?a?no?iaai? o
na?aaeiuei? ?ici??ii-a?eiai? a?oie (11-16 ni, 1-2 ?ie?). Iiiiaaia?
?iae?a Microcotyle ? Ligophorus ca?aaeothoue iiaeo iniaei oicy?a ca
aeiiiiiaith ?icnaethaaeueii? ee/eiee, aeeoieaiiy yei? i?eo?i/aii aei
naciio. ??cieoey, yea niinoa??aa?ony a ca?aaeaiino? n?ia?ey
i?aaenoaaieeaie oeeo ?iae?a, iiaea aooe iia’ycaia c oei, ui ia??iae
aeeoieaiiy ee/eiie oa ?o ?icnaeaiiy o Microcotyle, iaaooue a?eueo
ei?ioeee, i?ae o Ligophorus. Ie ciaoiaeeee iniaei Ligophorus
vanbenedenii ? L. szidati ?c c??eeie yeoeyie a /a?ai?-aeiaoi?, a
Microcotyle mugilis – o?eueee a na?ii?-aeiaoi?. Noa?oa
a?eiaa a?oia n?ia?ey i?aaenoaaeaia noaoaaic??eeie iniaeiaie, ye? c
aeic??aaiiyi a?aeoiaeyoue a?ae iaaoeueiiai noaaea ia ia?ano o a?aee?eo?
/anoeie ii?y, ia ooai?thth/e aaeeeeo neoi/aiue [Naaoiaeaeia, 1964].
Ia?ano o?eaa? c /a?aiy aei aa?aniy. Iio?i ?eae ciiao iiaa?oathoueny aei
i?noeue iaaoeo. Ine?eueee o Ligophorus ia??iae i?iaeoeoaaiiy y?oeue
ioiieth? e?oiuei-in?ii?e ia??iae (a iiaeeeai, ? i?cith aanio), oi ?eae,
ye? ia?anoyoueny, iiaeooue ca?aaeaoenue ciia aai aei a?aeoiaeo ia
ia?ano, aai i?ney iueiai. A oie aea /an, iniaeie n?ia?ey, ye? i?oee ia
ia?ano aei na?iiy, ao?a/athoue eiioaeo c iaaoeueiei noaaeii
ua aei ii/aoeo i?iaeoeoaaiiy y?oeue Microcotyle mugilis.
Iiaa?oath/enue, aiie i?ae “?icaaaeythoue” ?iaaciaaio /anoeio iiioeyoe??
n?ia?ey, cieaeoth/e oei naiei iieacieee ?iaac?? iiiiaaiayie
Microcotyle mugilis noa?oi? a?eiai? a?oie (18-24 ni, 3-4 ?iee). A
oe?eiio, c?inoaiiy iieaciee?a ?iaac?? aocueeiniaoeeo?/ieie iiiiaaiayie
?c ca?eueoaiiyi a?eo n?ia?ey iia’ycaii ?c ca?eueoaiiyi eiia??iino? ?o
?a?iaac?? a ca’yceo c aeeth/aiiyi oeeo ?ea nii/aoeo a iaaoeuei?, a
iio?i ? a ia?anoia? neoi/aiiy.

14

Iiioeyoe?y Gyrodactylus sp.1, iia’ycaia c oe?ieei eieii oacy?a, ye?
iino?eii aai ia??iaee/ii iaoeathoue a i?eaa?aaeieo aiaei?inoaaeo
a?ioeaiicao. Naia ooo ? a?aeaoaa?oueny ca?aaeaiiy iiaeo iniaei n?ia?ey.
Iieiaeue n?ia?ey aei aeinyaiaiiy noaoaaic??eiai a?eo i?iaiaeeoue a?ey
aa?aa?a a?eueoa /ano, i?ae aei?ine? iniaeie, ?, oaeei /eiii,
iino?eii eiioaeoothoue c i?e?iaeiei aeaea?aeii ca?aaeaiiy. A?aeiia?aeii,
aei?ine? iniaeie, i?a?oth/e a?ae aa?aa?a, aiie ao?a/athoue eiioaeo c
aeaea?aeii ca?aaeaiiy, /ei, ?iia??ii, ? iiynith?oueny ciaioaiiy c a?eii
?o ca?aaeaiino? aeaiei aeaeii iiiiaaiae. Iniaeeai ne?ae i?aee?aneeoe
oaeo ciaoiaeaeaiiy aocueeiniaoeeo?/ieo ia?aceo?a n?ia?ey (Ligohporus
vanbenedenii, L.szidati ? Microcotyle mugilis) o oeueiaie?oe?a a?eii
8-12 i?nyoe?a, aeeiaeaieo a ?aeii? Naaanoiiiey. Oea na?ae/eoue i?i oa,
ui /anoeia noaoaai iac??eeo iniaei n?ia?ey a?eii 1-2 ?iee caeeoa?oueny
ia e?oi a Naaanoiiieuenueeeo aoooao, noai?thth/e, oaeei /eiii, aeaea?aei
ca?aaeaiiy oeueiaie?oie aocueeiniaoeeo?/ieie ia?aceoaie.

Ia i?eeeaae? Gyrodactylus sp.2, iieacaia caeaaei?noue ?iciiae?eo
iiiiaaiae o ??cieo ?ici??ieo a?oiao niaa/ie-no?ien?a a?ae aenoaineaiino?
?iaac?? an??? iiioeyoe??. O an?o i?iaao iacaeaaeii a?ae ??aiy ?iaac??
iaea?eueo ca?aaeaieie aeyaeeeny ?eae na?aaeiuei? ?ici??ii? a?oie
(3,1-4,0 ni). I?e 100 % -?e aenoaineaiino? i?iae iaeieae/a
/enaeuei?noue iiiiaaiae niinoa??aaeany o a?oi? ?ea o aeai?oe? iaeiaioeo
iniaei (2,0-3,0 ni.), a aea? a?eueo? ?ici??i? a?oie (4,1-5,0 ? 5,1-6,5
ni) caeiaee i?ii?aeia iieiaeaiiy. I?e cieaeaii? aenoaineaiino? ?iaac??
ia?o ca ana ciaioo?oueny ca?aaeai?noue e?oiieo ?ea. Oae, i?e
caaaeuei?e 50 %-?e ca?aaeaiino? an??? i?iae iaeiaioa ?iaac?eiaai?
naia e?oii? iniaeie. Ine?eueee i?e 100 %-?e ca?aaeaiino? an? iniaeie
oacy?ia aeinooii? aeey ca?aaeaiiy, oaeoi?ii, e?i?ooth/ei /enaeuei?noue
ia?aceo?a o eiie?aoii? iniaeie oacy?ia, ? o?eueee ?ie?noue aeieia?/ii?
i?o?, yea iaaea?oueny iei ia?aceoai. ?ici?? i?o? i?yii i?iii?oe?eiee
?ici??o oacy?ia. Ca?aene, iaeneaa?oa ca?aaeaieie ? noathoue iaea?eueo
ae??ai? iniaeie niaa/ie. I?e cieaeaii? aenoaineaiino? ?iaac??
e?i?ooth/o ?ieue, iaaooue, ii/eia? a?aoe aeinooii?noue oacy?ia aeey
iiaiai ca?aaeaiiy. Iaaii, iaea?eueo e?oii? niaa/ee ia i?eeiathoue
o/anoue a ia?ano?, o?eiathoueny a?eueo a?aeie?aieaii ? oiio iaio
aeinooii? aeey ca?aaeaiiy, ui ? ?iaeoue ?o iaeiaio ca?aaeaieie. Iniaeie
na?aaei?o ?ici???a aeii?iothoue ii ca?aaeaiino? i?e an?o iieacieeao
aenoaineaiino? ?iaac??, ine?eueee aiie aeineoue aaeee? ca ?ici??ii ?
a?aeiia?aeii iathoue aaeeeo iiaa?oith o?ea oa o a?eueo?e i???
eiioaeoothoue i?ae niaith a ia?anoiaeo neoi/aiiyo.

Oaeei /eiii, aieea ?ici??ii-a?eiai? no?oeoo?e iiioeyoe?? oacy?ia ia
/enaeuei?noue iiiiaaiae, aecia/a?oueny a ia?oo /a?ao

15

aeinooii?noth ?ea ??ciiai ?ici??o aeey ?iaac?eieo noaae?? ia?aceoa.
Iniaeeai yne?aai oea i?iyaey?oueny naia o iiiiaaiae, ui ca?aaeathoue
iiaeo oacy?a a?eueiiieaaath/eie ee/eieaie, ?nioaaiiy yeeo iaiaaeaia o
/an? ? i?inoi??.

Aeaaa VI. ?iciiae?eaiiy iiiiaaiae ia cya?ao ?ea. I?aeaeaeia?
aca?iia?aeiioaiiy i?ae ieie ye iaeei ?c oaeoi??a, yeee aecia/a? ?o
eieae?caoe?th.

I?iaiae?ciaaii ?iciiae?e ia cya?ao oacy?a 5 aeae?a iiiiaaiae:
Diplectanum aculeatum ? D. similis o ai?aeey, Axine belones o na?aaia ?
Lamellodiscus elagans ? L. fraternus o ii?nueeiai ea?any.

Axine belones /ano?ua a?aaeathoue iaeio, ia?aaaaeii e?ao cya?o,
ooai?thth/e neoi/aiiy c 3-6 iniaei. Iieacieee ?iaac?? na?aaia aeaiei
aeaeii iiiiaaiae iaaenie?, ? oaea aa?aaaoe?y i?e iecuee?e ?ioaineaiino?
?iaac?? caaacia/o? a?eueoo ?iia??i?noue ia?ao?aniiai caie?aeiaiiy. Oea
iaiaaii, ? aecia/a? oa?aeoa? ?iciiae?eaiiy aeaiiai aeaeo iiiiaaiae, ui
iineoue oaeee aneiao?e/iee oa?aeoa?. A ?iciiae?e? Axine belones ii
aeoaeeao cya? aeinoia??ii? ??cieoe? ia a?aei?/aii. Iiiiaaia? ?iae?a
Lamellodiscus ? Diplectanum cono??/athoueny ? ia i?aa?e ? ia e?a?e
cya?ao. Diplectanum spp. iaea?eueo /eneaiia ia II ? III aeoaeeao, a oie
/an ye Lamellodiscus spp. – ia I -III ? an? oe? aeaee oieeathoue IV
cyaa?io aeoaeeo. Ine?eueee iaeneiaeuei? iioiee aiaee i?ioiaeyoue i?ae I
oa II ? II oa III aeoaeeaie [Aa?anaa, Noa?iaieoia, 1994], i/aaeaeii, ui
?iciiae?eaiiy aeaieo aeae?a ciaoiaeeoueny a i?yi?e caeaaeiino? a?ae
nooiaiy iieaaiiy cyaa?.

A ?iciiae?eaii? Axine belones ia aeyaeaii aeinoia??ii? i?aoa?aioe??
iaaiiai c 4-o naeoi??a cya?iaeo aeoa, aea, ye ? a?eueo?noue e?oiieo
iiiiaaiae, oeae aeae i?ee??ieth?oueny aeeeth/ii a i?ieneiaeuei?e cii?
cya?iaeo aeoa. Iiiiaaia? Ligophorus spp. ? Diplectanum similis
iaaeathoue ia?aaaao 3 naeoi?o, yeee iieaa?oueny aiaeith ?ioaineai?oa.
A?eueo?noue aea iniaei D. aculeatum cina?aaeaeo?oueny a caei? cyaa?, a
2 naeoi??, yeee oaeiae aeineoue neeueii iieaa?oueny aiaeith. An? iniaeie
D.similis eieae?cothoueny a i?ieneiaeuei?e cii? cya?iaeo aeoa, ia
a?aei?io a?ae D. aculeatum, ye? a?aeaeathoue ia?aaaao aeenoaeuei?e
cii?. Oaea ?iciiae?eaiiy oeeo aeaio aeae?a aecia/a?oueny,
iaaii, ia o?eueee ?ioaineai?noth iioiea aiaee, aea ?
i?aeaeaeiaeie a?aeiioaiiyie.

Aiae?c ?iciiae?eaiiy aeaio aeae?a ?iaeo Diplectanum ia cya?ao iieacaa,
cie?aia, ?o i?inoi?iaa ?iciaaeoaaiiy. Oae, D.aculeatum ia?aaaaeii
eieae?co?oueny ia II cya?ia?e aeoaeoe?, a 2 naeoi?? ? aeenoaeuei?e cii?,
a D.similis – ia III cyaa?i?e aeoaeoe?, a 3 naeoi?? ?
i?ieneiaeuei?e

16

cii? cyaa?. E??i oiai, iaie anoaiiaeaii, ui ?ai?iaeoeoeaiee aa?’??
iineeth?oueny /aniaei ?iciaaeoaaiiyi ?o no?ie?a ?iciiiaeaiiy. Oae, ia
aeine?aeaeai?o a ea?oi? 1996 ?. ai?aeeyo, a?aecia/aeany aaeeea
e?euee?noue y?oeue ? iieiaeeo iniaei D. aculeatum, a oie aea /an an?
iniaeie D.similis oi/a ? aoee aei?ineeie, aea ia iaee c??eeo y?oeue.

Oaeei /eiii, e?euee?nia ?iciiae?eaiiy aeae?a Diplectanum ia cya?ao a
oe?eiio i?yii i?iii?oe?eia nee? aiaeyiiai iioieo, a oaeiae aecia/a?oueny
i?aeaeaeiaeie aca?iia?aeiineiyie, ni?yiiaaieie ia cieaeaiiy eiieo?aioe??
i?ae ieie.

AeaaaVI?. Iniaeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy oaoie iiiiaaiae *i?iiai ii?y.

?noi??y oi?ioaaiiy oaoie iiiiaaiae *i?iiai ii?y o?nii iia’ycaia c
aaieia?/iith ?noi???th oeueiai aiaeieieua ? oeyoaie oi?ioaaiiy eiai
?oo?ioaoie. Ca oiia ia??iaee/ieo ci?i oac ?aa?an?e ? o?aina?an?e ii?y,
anaeaiiy ? caaeaae? nieiiiaaoiaiaeieo ? ii?nueeeo aeae?a noi?ioaaeanue
no/ania, aaoa?iaaiia ca neeaaeii ? iioiaeaeaiiyi, /i?iiii?nueea
?oo?ioaoia [Ni?ie?i, 1982]. Iniaeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy aiaeieieua, eiai
oi?eaeueiee a?ae?io?i?/iee ?aaeei ? iaiaeii??aei?noue oaoie oacy?a
a?aeaeca?eaeththoueny ? ia oaoi? ia?aceo?a, cie?aia iiiiaaiae.

Aiae?c aaia?ao?/iiai iioe?aiiy aeae?a iiiiaaiae, a?aeiieo c *i?iiai
ii?y, a ?ioeo ?aeiiao na?oiaiai ieaaio aeicaieea ?icae?eeoe ?o ia 6 a?oi
(oaae.3).

Iaea?eueo /eneaiia a?oia ai?aaeueii-aoeaioe/ieo aeae?a, a?eueo?noue c
yeeo cono??/a?oueny a Na?aaecaiiiio ii?? ? a Aoeaioeoe? aae aei
Ea-Iaioo. Aeaa aeaee – Gyrodactylus harengi ? G. flesi – ia
cono??/athoueny o a?aee?eoeo aiaeao Aoeaioeee ? a Na?aaecaiiiio ii??,
oi/ ?o oacy? ? ? a oeeo ?aeiiao. Oe? aeaee ciaeaeai? o?eueee a
Aaeo?enueeiio ? A?eiio ii?yo ? a?eueo oe?iea ?o iioe?aiiy
iaiaaeo?oueny, a ia?oo /a?ao, i?aeaeuaiith nieii?noth a?aee?eoeo aiae
Na?oiaiai ieaaio [Aa?anueea, 1989]. ?nio? iiaeyae i?i cia/ia i?aeaeuaiiy
??aiy Aaeoeee a aio?iiiaai?, a iane?aeie /iai aaeo?enuee? aiaee,
i?i?aaaoe A?ei?onueeo a?yaeo, aeinyaee Aei?i?a, a aeae? ? /i?iiii?nueei?
caiaaeeie [Iie?uoe, 1978]. Iaaooue naia a oeae ia??iae ia?aceoe ?
i?iieeee a *i?ia ii?a. A iiaeaeueoiio ca’ycie i?ae oeeie aiaeieieuaie
aoa ao?a/aiee, a aeniea nieii?noue noi?aeieo ii??a ia aeicaieeea
cacia/aiei aeaeai ?iciianthaeeoenue a?eueo oe?iei. Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui
G. harengi a Aaeoeoe? cono??/a?oueny ia naeaoe? (Clupea
harengus membras), a a *i?iiio ii?? – ia oi?io? (Sprattus sprattus
phalericus), yeee oaeiae ia? ai?aaeueii-aioeaioe/ia iioiaeaeaiiy.

17

Oaaeeoey 3. A?aaeia?/i? a?oie /ipiiiipnueeeo iiiiaaiae

A?oie Aeaee*

Einiiiie?oe

(3) Microcotyle mugilis, M.pomatomi,

Kuhnia scombri

Ai?aaeueii-aoeaioe/ia

(10)** Paradiplectanotrema trachuri,

Calicotyle kroyeri, Bothitrema bothi, G.flesi, G.harengi,
Squalonchocotyle squali, Mazocraes alosae, Axine belones, Nitzschia
sturionis, Plectanocotyle gurnardi

O?ii?ei- aoeaioe/ia

(4) Diplectanum aculeatum,

Capsala pelamydis, Calceostomella inerme,

Tetraonchoides paradoxus

Na?aaecaiiiii?nueea

(9) Ligophorus acuminatus, L.chabaudi,

L.macrocolpos, L.szidati, L.vanbenedenii, Diplectanum similis,
Lamellodiscus elegans, L. fraternus, Ancyrocephalus cobitis

Iiioi-Eanei?ene? ?ae?eoe (2) G.proterorhini,

Diclybothrium armatum

*i?iiii?nuee? aiaeai?ee

(7) Ligophorus euzeti, Gyrodactylus sp.1,

Gyrodactylus.sp.2, G.crenilabri,

Polyclithrum rodgersi, P.ponticum,

Pseudoantocotyle markewitshi

* – a oaaeeoeth ia aeeth/ai? noii?ai? aeaee, a oaeiae aeaee, caianai?
a

*i?ia ii?a c iauiaeaaii ?io?iaeoeiaaiei i?eaiaanii

** – e?euee?noue aeae?a o a?oi?

Aaeeeo a?oio iiiiaaiae neeaaeathoue na?aaecaiiiii?nuee? ?i?a?aioe, ye?
inai?ee *i?ia ii?a ?acii ?c nai?ie oacyyie (Mugilidae, Sciaenidae,
Sparidae).

A ie?aio ia/eneaiio a?oio ie aeae?eeee iiiiaaiae , ye? cono??/athoueny a
o?ii?/ieo aiaeao Aoeaioeee, ca?aeee aiie ?acii ?c oacyyie
(Uranoscopidae, Scombridae) i?iieeee a Na?aaecaiia, a iio?i ? *i?ia
ii?y.

O?e aeaee i?aeoe/ii iathoue anana?oi? iioe?aiiy. ?i, iaiaaii, aeanoeaa
oe?iea aeieia?/ia ieanoe/i?noue ? caeaoi?noue ia?aoiaeeoe ia ?io?
nii??aeiai? aeaee ?ea.

Oaeei /eiii, a?eueo?noue /i?iiii?nueeeo aeae?a iiiiaaiae (74%), ye, aei
?a/?, ? i?aaenoaaiee?a ?ioeo a?oi ia?aceo?a, cono??/athoueny oaeiae ? a
Na?aaecaiiiio ii??. Oey a?oia aoaea, iaaooue, aeiiiaithaaoeny
aeaeaie ca ?aooiie ua aeayeeo i?aaenoaaiee?a
na?aaecaiiiii?nei? oaoie, ca?eueooth/e oei naiei “iaae?oa?ai?caoe?th”
*i?iiai ii?y.

18

Aeaa nieiiiaaoiaiaeieo aeaee, ye? cono??/athoueny oaeiae a Eani??, ie
a?aeianee aei ?ae?eo?a Aeaaiuei-Aaeneinueeiai ii?y. Iaeei ?c ieo,
Diclybothrium armatum – i??niiaiaeiiai iioiaeaeaiiy, ye ? eiai oacy?
(Acipenseridae), ye? i?iieeee a *i?ia ii?a c i?ai?/ieo ??/eiaeo nenoai
a aiioo ?iceeao ??e, eiee *i?ia ? Eani?enueea ii?y, ooai?thaaee ?aeeia,
i?aeoe/ii i??nia aiaeieieua. Ae?oaee aeae – Gyrodactylus proterorhini,
ye ? eiai oacy? (Gobiidae), aai?eaaiiee aeae nieiiiaaoiaiaeiiai
Iiioi-Eani?enueeiai aiaeieieua.

N?i aeae?a iiiiaaiae, aeyaeai? o?eueee a *i?iiio ii??, ie oiiaii
a?aeiineii aei aiaeaiee?a oeueiai aiaeieieua. Oe?eeii eiia??ii, ui
aeaye? c ieo i?ci?oa iiaeooue aooe aeyaeai? ? a Na?aaecaiiiio ii?? ?
iaa?oue a Aoeaioeoe?. A ia?oo /a?ao oea noinoaoueny ia?aceo?a eaoae?aeo
?ea. Oae, iienai? iaie a *i?iiio ii?? a?ae eiaaia aeaa iia? aeaee ?c
?iaeo Polyclitrum, aacnoii?aii, iiaeii? cono??/aoeny ? a Na?aaecaiiiio
ii??. Cacia/eii, ia?oee i?aaenoaaiee oeueiai ?iaeo aoa iienaiee a?ae
oeueiai ae a?aeo oacy?ia ?c nieiiiaaoiaiaeieo ica? Aia?eee [Rogers,
1967] ? iaei eiia??ii, ui oeae ??ae ia?o ?ic??aaiee a?aae ? ia
cono??/a?oueny a Na?aaecaiiiio ii??, aea oe?iei i?aaenoaaeai? eaoaeueia?
?eae, a oiio /ene? ? eiaai. Ie?aii ne?ae aeacaoe ia iiaeeea?noue
caaaa/aiiy oaoie /i?iiii?nueeeo iiiiaaiae ca ?aooiie iiyae ?ioeo aeae?a
ia?aceo?a ?acii c ?io?iaeoeiaaieie oacyyie. Oae, a Acianueeiio ii??
aeyaeaii o?e aeaee – Ligophorus kaohsinghsieni, Gyrodactylus mugili
? G. zukovi – caaacai? nthaea c i?eaiaanii. Ia?oee c ieo aaea ciaeaeaiee
iaie a *i?iiio ii?? ia iiaiio aeey iueiai oacy?i? – n?ia?e?. Ia
aeeeth/aii, ui ? ?io? c cacia/aieo aeae?a ciiaeooue a iiaeaeueoiio
c’yaeoenue a *i?iiio ii??.

Ii??aithth/e aeaeiaee neeaae iiiiaaiae iyoe i?aaeaiieo iaeaa?eoe/ieo
ii??a ca nooiaiai ?o iiae?aiino?, ie aeae?eeee o?e eeanoa?e:
Eani?enueeee, *i?iiii?nueei-Acianueeee ? Na?aaecaiiiii?nueeee.
Iiae?ai?noue oaoi iiiiaaiae i?ae eeanoa?aie a aeaa ?ace iaiueoa, i?ae
ana?aaeei? ieo. Iiaeia aaaaeaoe, oaeei /eiii, ui no/ania /i?iiii?nueea
oaoia iiiiaaiae noi?ioaaeanue a?aeiinii iaaeaaii ? yaey? niaith
ca?aeiaiee aa??aio na?aaecaiiiii?nueei? oaoie c iacia/iith aeieath
iiioi-eani?enueeeo aiaeai?e?a.

AENIIAEE

1. Anoaiiaeaii, ui no/ania oaoia iiiiaaiae ?ea *i?iiai ii?y, ca iaaeaie
i??niiaiaeieo ? ie?aiaae?iieo i?eae?eiaeo ae?eyiie, ia?aoiao? 40 aeae?a.
Iienaii 5 iiaeo aeae?a. ??ae Polyclithrum ? 6 aeae?a aia?oa ciaeaeai? o
/i?iiii?nueeeo ?ea. 5 aeae?a ciaeaeaii ia iiaeo oacyyo. Ia
i?ea?iaeueiiio iaoa??ae? aea/aii ii?oieia?th 26
aeae?a, o 4

19

aeae?a ooi/iai? aeaoae? aiaoiii-ii?oieia?/ii? aoaeiae, o 2 aeae?a
iaea?aeai? ee/eiee ? aeine?aeaeaii ?o ?icaeoie.

2. Iiiiaaia? aeyaeai? o 39 (70 %) ?c 56 aeae?a ianoaaeaieo ?ea, i?e
oeueiio o 9 aia?oa. Anueiai oacyie iiiiaaiae a *i?iiio ii?? ? ?eae 46
aeae?a, aai 50 % a?ae /enea aeae?a, ui iino?eii iaoeathoue a oeueiio
aiaeieieu?.

3. Aia?oa anoaiiaeaia iayai?noue ni?eueieo aeae?a iiiiaaiae
(Gyrodactylus sp.1 Dmitrieva et Gerasev, 1997 ? G.flesi) o
i?aaenoaaiee?a aeaio eean?a – Chondrichthyes ? Osteichthyes. Iaea?eueoa
aeae?a iiiiaaiae ciaeaeaii o Mugilidae (11), o ?ea c ?ioeo ?iaeei oe?
ia?aceoe i?aaenoaaeai?, ye i?aaeei, iaeiei – aeaiia aeaeaie. Iaea?eueoa
ae oacy?a iiiiaaiae ca?a?no?iaaii na?aae ?ea ?iaeei Clupeidae ?
Gobiidae (ii 5), Labridae (4), ui i?yii i?iii?oe?eii aeaeiaiio neeaaeo
oeeo ?iaeei a *i?iiio ii??. Na?aae aeieia?/ieo a?oi ?ea iaea?eueoa
/enei oacy?a iiiiaaiae o i?eaeiiii-iaeaa?/ieo ?ea – 21 aeae (o
iaeaa?/ieo – 13 ? aeiiieo – 11). Iaeiae iaea?eueo “inai?ia” iiiiaaiayie
iaeaa?/ia a?oia ?ea; a oe?e a?oi? oacy?yie ? 72,2% aeae?a, oiae? ye a
i?eaeiiii-iaeaa?/i?e ?o 56,6%, a aeiii?e – 30,6%. Ni?eueieie aeey an?o
o?ueio a?oi ? eeoa aeaa aeaee: Gyrodactylus sp.1 ? G.flesi.

4. A?eueo?noue /i?iiii?nueeeo iiiiaaiae aeaeythoue aenieee nooi?iue
i?eo?i/aiino? aei nenoaiaoe/ieo a?oi oacy?a. 94,5 % aeae?a
cono??/athoueny ia ?eaao iaei??? ?iaeeie, 69,5 % – ia ?eaao iaeiiai
?iaeo ? 61 % – iaeiiai aeaeo. O?eueee aeaa aeaee – Gyrodactylus sp.1 ?
G.flesi (5,5 %) ciaeaeai? ia ?eaao ??cieo ?yae?a ? iaa?oue eean?a. 34
aeaee /i?iiii?nueeeo iiiiaaiae i?iyaeythoue o?eiaaiaoe/io, aeaa –
aeieia?/io niaoe?o?/i?noue.

5. Ia iiaeaeueiiio ia’?eo? Gyrodactylus sp.2 – ia?aceo o niaa/ee-no?iena
aeine?aeaeaia caeaaei?noue /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?? iiiiaaiae a?ae
oaiia?aoo?e aiaee ? naciio ?ieo. A eaai?aoi?ieo oiiaao iaeneiaeueia
/enaeuei?noue iiiiaaiae niinoa??aa?oueny i?e oaiia?aoo?? aiaee 18 (N.
I?e oe?e oaiia?aoo?? ca?a?no?iaaii aeaa i?ee /enaeueiino? a i?e?iaeieo
oiiaao – a /a?ai? ? aa?ani?. Anoaiiaeaii, ui o?eaae?noue ?icaeoeo
aia??ii?a ciaiooaaeanue c i?aeaeuaiiyi oaiia?oo?e, aea i?e 23 (N o
/a?a?a niinoa??aaeinue i?eai?/aiiy i?ioeano ia?iaeaeaiiy, a iane?aeie
/iai ia?iaeaeoaai?noue ? iaea?eueoa i?e18 (N. Iaeii/anii iieacaii, ui ia
naciiio aeeiai?eo /enaeueiino? Gyrodactylus sp.2 aieeaaa oaeiae
u?euei?noue iiioeyoe?? oacy?a, yea ci?ith?oueny i?ioyaii ?ieo.

6. Caeaaeinoue /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?? iiiiaaiae – ia?aceo?a n?ia?ey
a?ae a?eo ? ?ici??o oacy?ia i?iyaey?oueny ii ??ciiio o ??cieo aeae?a ?
iia’ycaia c iniaeeainoyie ?o aeeoo?aeo oeeee?a, a oaeiae a?ae
a?ieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae oacy?a. Caeaaei?noue ca?aeaiino? n?ia?ey
Ligophorus vanbenedenii ? L.szidati i?yii i?iii?oe?eia ?ici??o ? a?eo

20

oacy?ia. Aeaeaie Gyrodctylus sp.1 ? Micrcotyle mugilis iaea?eueo
ca?aaeaia na?aaeiy ?ici??ii-a?eiaa a?oia oacy?a (11-16 ni, 1-2 ?iee).
?iciiae?e Gyrodactylus sp.2 na?aae ??cieo ?ici??ii-a?eiaeo a?oi ?ea
caeaaeeoue ia

o?eueee a?ae a?ieia?? ia?aceoa ? eiai oacy?ia, aea ? a?ae
??aiy ca?aaeaiino? iiioeyoe?? oacy?ia a oe?eiio.

7. ?iciiae?eaiiy ia cya?ao Diplectanum aculeatum, D. similis,
Lfmellodiscus elegans i L.fraternus caeaaeeoue a?ae neee aiaeyiiai
iioieo (i?yii i?iii?oe?eia caeaaei?noue) ? i?aeaeaeiaeo a?aeiioaiue, ye?
ni?yiiaai? ia cieaeaiiy eiieo?aioe??. Axine belones ia?aaaaeii
eieae?co?oueny a i?noeyo c iaeiaioei iioieii aiaee, ooai?thth/e
neoi/aiiy, ui caaacia/othoue a?eueoo ?iiaa?i?noue ia?ao?aniiai
caie?aeiaiiy.

8. Na?aae /i?iiii?nueeeo iiiiaaiae ca ?o aaia?ao?/iei iioe?aiiy
aeae?eaii 6 a?aaeia?/ieo a?oi: ai?aaeueii-aoeaioe/i? aeaee (10 aeae?a),
o?ii?ei-aoeaioe/i? (4), einiiiie?oe (3), na?aaeacaiiiii?nuee? anaeaioe?
(9), iiio?enuee? ?ae?eoe (2), /i?iiii?nuee? aiaeai?ee (7). Ii??aiyiiy
aeaeiaiai neeaaeo iiiiaaiae Na?aaecaiiiai, Aae??aoe/iiai, *i?iiai,
Acianueeiai oa Eani?enueeiai ii??a aeicaieeei aeae?eeoe 3 eeanoa?e:
Eani?enueeee, *i?iiii?nueei-Acianueeee; Na?aaecaiiiii?nueeee.
Iiae?ai?noue oaoi iiiiaaiae i?ae ieie a aeaa ?ace iaiueoa, i?ae
ana?aaeai? ieo. A oe?eiio /i?iiii?nueea oaoia iiiiaaiae ? ca?aeiaiei
aa??aioii na?aaecaiiiii?nueei? oaoie c iacia/iith aeieath
iiioi-eani?enueeeo aiaeai?e?a.

NIENIE NOAOAE IIOAE?EIAAIEO CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??

Aeieo?eaaa A.A., Aa?anaa I.E. Iiiiaaiae ?iaea Ligophorus
(Ancyrocephalidae) – ia?aceou /a?iiii?neeo eaoaeae (Mugilidae) //
Ia?aceoieiaey. – 1996. – O.30, n.5. – N.440-448.

Aeieo?eaaa A.A. Oaoia iiiiaaiae aeaeueiaainoi/iiai ieeaiaana (Mugil
soiuy) a *a?iii ii?a // Aanoiee ciieiaee. – 1996. – N4-5. – C.95 -97.

Aeieo?eaaa A.A., Aa?anaa I.E. E oaoia Gyrodactylus (Gyrodactylidae,
Monogenea ) /a?iiii?neeo ?ua // Ciieiae/aneee aeo?iae. – 1997. – O.76,
n.9. – N. 979-984.

Aaaaneay A.A., Aeieo?eaaa A.A. Iaci? oaoiu iiiiaaiae *a?iiai ii?y //
Yeieiaey ii?y. – 1997. – Aui.46. – N. 7-17.

Aeieo?eaaa A.A. Aeeyiea oaiia?aoo?u aiaeu ia /eneaiiinoue iiioeyoeee e
iee?ieieaeecaoeeth Gyrodactylus sp 2 Dmitrieva et Gerasev , 1997
(Monogenoidea) io /a?iiii?neie Blennius sphinx // Yeieiaey ii?y. –
1997. – Aui.46. – N. 35-43.

21

Aiioaoe??

Aeieo???aa ?.A. Iiiiaaia? ?ea *i?iiai ii?y (oaoia, aeieia?y,
ciiaaia?ao?y) ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa a?ieia?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth “03.00.19 – ia?aceoieia?y”, ?inoeooo ciieia?? IAIO,
Ee?a, 1998.

Iiaeaia ocaaaeueithth/a ?iaioa c oaoie iiiiaaiae ?ea *i?iiai ii?y.
Aeyaeaii ui aiia ia?aoiao? 40 aeae?a, ye? a?aeiinyoueny aei 21 ?iaeo.
Iaaaaeai? iiene oa ?enoiee 26 aeae?a, iyoue c yeeo iia? aeey iaoee.
Iaeei ??ae ? 6 aeae?a aia?oa ciaeaeai? o /i?iiii?nueeeo ?ea.
I?iaiae?ciaai? iioe?aiiy iiiiaaiae na?aae ?ea ??cieo nenoaiaoe/ieo oa
aeieia?/ieo a?oi o *i?iiio ii??, a oaeiae ?o niaoeeo?/i?noue. Iaaaaeaii
iia? a?aeiiino? c aeieia?? oa ciiaaia?ao?? /i?iiii?neeo iiiiaaiae.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: ia?aceoe, iiiiaaia?, ?eae, *i?ia ii?a.

Aeieo?eaaa A.A. Iiiiaaiae ?ua *a?iiai ii?y (oaoia, yeieiaey,
ciiaaia?aoey). ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa aeieiae/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe ia?aceoieiaey, aaeueieioieiaey “03.00.19”, Einoeooo
ciieiaee ei. E.E. Oiaeueaaocaia IAI Oe?aeiu; Eeaa, 1998.

I?aaenoaaeaia iaiauathuay ?aaioa ii oaoia iiiiaaiae ?ua *a?iiai ii?y.
Onoaiiaeaii, /oi iia aeeth/aao 40 aeaeia ec 21 ?iaea. I?eaaaeaiu
iienaiey e ?enoiee 26 aeaeia, iyoue ec eioi?uo iiaua aeey iaoee. Iaeei
?iae e 6 aeaeia aia?aua iaeaeaiu o /a?iiii?neeo ?ua. I?iaiaeece?iaaiu
?ani?aaeaeaiea iiiiaaiae n?aaee ?ua ?acee/iuo nenoaiaoe/aneeo e
yeieiae/aneeo a?oii a *a?iii ii?a e iniaaiiinoe i?iyaeaiey o ieo
niaoeeoe/iinoe. I?eaiaeyony iiaua aeaiiua ia yeieiaee e ciiaaia?aoee
/a?iiii?neeo iiiiaaiae.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: ia?aceou, iiiiaaiae, ?uau, *a?iia ii?a.

22

Dmitrieva E.V. Monogeneans of the Black Sea fishes ( fauna, ecology,
zoogeography). The manuscript.

Thesis submitted for a scientific degree of the candidate of biological
sciences on a speciality “ Parasitology, Helmintology – 03.00.19”.
Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology; Kiev, 1998.

A comprehensive study of monogenean fauna of the Black Sea fishes is
presented. It includes 40 species of 21 genera. Descriptions of 26
species, five of them are new, are presented. One genera and 6 species
are recorded in the Black Sea for the first time. Distribution of
monogeneans among fish of different systematic and ecologecal groups and
its hostspecifity in the Black Sea are analysed. New data on ecology and
zoogeography of the Blak Sea monogeneans are presented.

Key words: parasite, monogenea, fishes, Black Sea.

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