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Оцінка нових клонових підщеп яблуні в розсаднику і саду в умовах центрального Лісостепу України: Автореф. дис… канд. с.-г. наук / В.М. Пелехатий, На

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IAOe?IIAEUeIEE AA?A?IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

Iaeaoaoee Aaaeei Ieeieaeiae/

OAeE 634.11:631.541.11

Ioe?iea iiaeo eeiiiaeo i?aeuai yaeoi?

a ?icnaaeieeo ? naaeo a oiiaao

oeaio?aeueiiai E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie

06.01.07 – ieiae?aieoeoai

A a o i ? a o a ? a o

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe

Ee?a – 1998

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? naae?aieoeoaa OAAI.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: eaiaeeaeao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,

noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee

*eae Ieaenaiae? Aeieo?iae/,

?inoeooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI,

i?ia?aeiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,

/eai-ei?aniiiaeaio AOIO, i?ioani?

Eenaithe A?eoi? A?eai?iae/,

Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee
oi?aa?neoao,

i?ioani? eaoaae?e naae?aieoeoaa

eaiaeeaeao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
iaoe

Ai?aiae?i Aieiaeeie? Aaneeueiae/,

Eii?oao c ieoaiue naae?aieoeoaa,
aeiia?aaea?noaa

oa aeii?iaii? i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie,

ia/aeueiee oi?aae?iiy iaoee

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oiainueea n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueea aeaaeai?y

I?i?noa?noaa AIE, eaoaae?a
ieiae?aieoeoaa

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ __ ” eenoiiaaea 1998 ?. i ____ aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae26.004.04 a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio
aa?a?iiio

oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 252041, i.Ee?a-41, aoe.Aa?i?a Iai?iie, 15,

iaa/aeueiee ei?ion 3, aoaeeoi??y 65.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai

aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 252041, i.Ee?a-41, aoe.Aa?i?a
Iai?iie, 11, iaa/aeueiee ei?ion 10.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “___” aeiaoiy 1998 ?ieo

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Aaeaaaeei A.O.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. No/ani? oaoiieia?? ae?iuoaaiiy yaeoi?
ia?aaeaa/athoue aeei?enoaiiy i?euaieaiiai naaeeaiiai iaoa??aeo,
ine?eueee i?aeuaia ? ae?eiaei caniaii ?aaoethaaiiy ?inoo ? ieiaeiiioaiiy
aea?aa. Aeina?ae ?icaeoeo na?oiaiai oa a?o/eciyiiai naae?aieoeoaa
iieacaa, ui iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiei oeiii i?iieneiaiai naaeo ? ?ioaineaiee
naae ia neaai?ineeo eeiiiaeo i?aeuaiao. Ioaea, canoinoaaiiy eeiiiaeo
i?aeuai – aaaeeeaee oaeoi? ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iuoaaiiy ieiae?a yaeoi?.

Ieoaiiyi aea/aiiy oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eeiiiaeo i?aeuai caeiaeiny aaaaoi
a/aieo ye a Oe?a?i?, oae ? ca ei?aeiiii. A iao?e e?a?i? i?iaiaeeee
aeine?aeaeaiiy c eeiiiaeie i?aeuaiaie I.N.Aiae???iei, A.E.Ea?iai/oe,
I.N.Aa?aaeiee, A.I.A?eee, ?.I.Aoeueei, I.E.Aeyae/aiei, A.O.Eiaaeue,
A.?.Nai?i, I.I.Oa?anaiei, ?.E.Iiaeue/aiei, A.I.Oaoa??iia oa ?io? a/ai?.
Ieie iai?aoeueiaaiee aaaaoee aeine?aeieoeueeee iaoa??ae. I?ioa na?aae
a?aeiieo i?aeuai iaia? aeiaeii?, eio?a a iiai?noth caaeiaieueiyea an?
iaiao?aei? aeiiae: aenieee aeo?ae naaeaeaioe?a a ?icnaaeieeo,
noi?ni?noue ?c uaieaieie ni?oaie, i?enoiniaai?noue aei aeieia?/ieo oiia
ciie, caaacia/aiiy oaeaeeiie?aeiino? oa aeniei? i?iaeoeoeaiino? aea?aa.
Iniaeeai aaaeeeaith ? i?iaeaia i?aeuai a i?ai?/ieo ?aeiiao e?a?ie, aea
ee?iaoe/i? oa a?oioia? oiiae aeineoue neeaaei?. Oiio iiooe ? ioe?iea
iiaeo eeiiiaeo i?aeuai aeey yaeoi? ? aeooaeueieie.

Ia?niaeoeaiei ? caaaeii iaeiaea/aiei i?eeiiii ? aeei?enoaiiy
ceiino?eeeo eeiiiaeo iai?aea?eeeiaeo oa na?aaeiuei?ineeo i?aeuai ye
ooaiaiooai?thaa/?a c iaoith iineaaeaiiy ?inoo uaieaieo aea?aa ?
i?enei?aiiy anooio ?o o ieiaeiiioaiiy.

Aeena?oaoe?eio ?iaioo aeeiiaii a ia??iae 1992-1997 ??. o
a?aeiia?aeiino? aei ieaio iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o ?inoeoooo
naae?aieoeoaa OAAI c i?iaeaie 02: “?ic?iaeoe no/ani? ?ioaineai?
oaoiieia?? ?iciiiaeaiiy ? ae?iuoaaiiy aenieiye?niiai ae?oiiai naaeeaiiai
iaoa??aeo ieiaeiaeo, ya?aeieo, ai??oiie?aeieo oa aeaei?aoeaieo
eoeueoo?”, ?icae?ee 01 oa 02. A aeine?aeaeaiiyo aea/aeeny i?aeuaie
yaeoi? naeaeoe?? ?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI: ?N1-6, ?N1-9, ?N2-4,
?N2-7, ?N2-9, ?N5-34.

Iaoith aeine?aeaeaiue aoei aecia/aiiy e?aueo i?aeuai aeey yaeoi? a
oiiaao oeaio?aeueiiai E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie oeyoii aea/aiiy a ?icnaaeieeo ?
naaeo iiaeo eeiiiaeo i?aeuai naeaeoe?? ?N OAAI. Aeey oeueiai noaaeeeny
ne?aeoth/? iniiai? caaea/?:

– aea/eoe i?eaeeaethaai?noue oa ??no naaeaeaioe?a ia iiaeo eeiiiaeo
i?aeuaiao ? ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao i?e aeei?enoaii? ceiiaiai uaieaiiy;

– aecia/eoe i?eaeeaethaai?noue caieoeueiaaieo a?/ie oa ioe?ieoe ??no
naaeaeaioe?a ia eeiiiaeo i?aeuaiao o ae?oaiio iie? ?icnaaeieea;

– ioe?ieoe aeo?ae oiaa?ieo naaeaeaioe?a i?ney ceiiaiai uaieaiiy oa
ieoe??oaaiiy ia eeiiia? i?aeuaie, aecia/eoe aeiiii?/io aoaeoeai?noue
canoinoaaiiy iiaeo eeiiiaeo i?aeuai a ?icnaaeieeo;

– aeine?aeeoe a?o?oaeoii?eo ei?aiaai? nenoaie aea?aa yaeoi? ia eeiiiaeo
i?aeuaiao ? ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao a naaeo;

– aea/eoe ?icaeoie iaaecaiii? /anoeie aea?aa, aecia/eoe aieea iiaeo
eeiiiaeo i?aeuai ? ooaiaiooai?thaa/?a ia nei?iie?aei?noue oa
i?iaeoeoeai?noue aea?aa yaeoi?;

– anoaiiaeoe nooi?iue ii?icino?eeino? ei?aiaai? nenoaie eeiiiaeo
i?aeuai oa ceiino?ee?noue aea?aa, uaieaieo ia aeai? i?aeuaie;

– ioe?ieoe noi?ni?noue ni?oi-i?aeuaiieo eiia?ioaaiue a ?icnaaeieeo ?
naaeo;

– aecia/eoe aieea eeiiiaeo i?aeuai ia aoaeoeai?noue ooieoe?iioaaiiy
oioineioaoe/iiai eiiieaeno eenoy uaieaieo ?ineei.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe iieyaa? a ne?aeoth/iio.

1. Aia?oa i?iaaaeaii eiiieaenia aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeo eeiiiaeo i?aeuai
aeey yaeoi? naeaeoe?? ?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI a ?icnaaeieeo ?
i?iieneiaiio naaeo.

2. Ioe?iaii i?aeuaie ca neeith ?inoo naaeaeaioe?a ? aeoiaeii ?o c
iaeeieoe? ieiu? ?icnaaeieea.

3. Anoaiiaeaii aieea i?aeuai ? aenioe uaieaiiy ia ??no oa
oaeaeeiie?aei?noue aea?aa ?aeiiiaaieo ni?o?a yaeoi? a naaeo.

4. Aecia/aii aeiiii?/io aoaeoeai?noue ae?iuoaaiiy iaeii??/ieo
naaeaeaioe?a yaeoi? ia eeiiiaeo i?aeuaiao.

I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe. Aeae?eaii ia?niaeoeai? eeiiia? i?aeuaie
aeey yaeoi? – ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7. Aiie ii?icino?ee?, caaacia/othoue aenieee
aeo?ae oiaa?ieo naaeaeaioe?a, noi?ni? c aeine?aeaeoaaieie ni?oaie,
iiceoeaii aieeaathoue ia oaeaeeiie?aei?noue oa i?iaeoeoeai?noue aea?aa
yaeoi?.

?aae?caoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue. A aeine?aeiiio ainiiaea?noa?
“Iiain?eee” ?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI (Ee?ai-Nayoioeinueeee ?aeii
Ee?anueei? iaeano?) iaaani? 1997 ?. caeeaaeaii iaoi/iee eeiiiaeo i?aeuai
yaeoi? ia ieiu? 0,3 aa, a yeiio i?aaenoaaeai? iia? oi?ie, ui iiceoeaii
aeae?eeeeny i?ae /an aea/aiiy ?o a naaeo ? iio?aaothoue oaeaeeiai
?iciiiaeaiiy. A AeA “Aeieo??aea” (Ee?ai-Nayoioeinueeee ?aeii) a 1997 ?.
ia ieiu? 4,0 aa iinaaeaeaii naae yaeoi? ia ia?niaeoeaieo eeiiiaeo
i?aeuaiao naeaeoe?? ?N OAAI, aea aea/a?oueny 63 ni?oi-i?aeuaiieo
eiia?ioaaiiy.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe, iaaaaeai? a
aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio?, iaea?aeai? caeiaoaa/ai naiino?eii.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii: ia
eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo a/aieo “Iaoeia? iniiae aaaeaiiy n?euenueeiai
ainiiaea?noaa Oe?a?ie a no/anieo oiiaao” (*aaaie, 1994 ?.);
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “?ioaineai? oaoiieia?? o naae?aieoeoa?
Iaaeaei?no?yiueie oa Ia?aaeea?iaooy Oe?a?ie” (*a?i?aoe?, 1995 ?.);
i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo a/aieo “Iane?aeee iaoeiaeo iiooe?a
iieiaeeo a/aieo-aa?a?iee?a a oiiaao ?aoi?ioaaiiy AIE” (*aaaie, 1996 ?.);
anaoe?a?inuee?e eiioa?aioe?? “?ioaineai? oaoiieia?? a naae?aieoeoa?”
(Ee?a, 1997 ?.); a oaeiae ia can?aeaiiyo a/aii? ?aaee ?inoeoooo
naae?aieoeoaa OAAI (1993-1997 ??.).

Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 9 ?ia?o.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny ?c
anooio, 6 ?icae?e?a iniiaii? /anoeie, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo
aeaea?ae, yeee ia?aoiao? 253 iaeiaioaaiiy, aeiaeaoe?a a e?eueeino? 10
oooe. Iniiaiee iaoa??ae aeeeaaeaiee ia 119 noi??ieao ae?oeiaaiiai
oaenoo, i?noeoue 38 oaaeeoeue oa 11 ?ethno?aoe?e.

IA’?EOE, IAOIAeEEA ? OIIAE I?IAAAeAIIss AeINE?AeAEAIUe

Ia’?eoaie aeine?aeaeaiue aoee iia? eeiiia? i?aeuaie yaeoi? naeaeoe??
?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeeny a o?ueio
iieueiaeo aeine?aeao. A aeine?ae? ? 1 aea/aee ??no iaeii??/ieo
naaeaeaioe?a, io?eiaieo oeyoii ceiiaiai uaieaiiy a oiiaio ei?aiaao oeeeo
i?aeuai 54-118 (eiio?ieue), ?N1-9, ?N2-7, ?N5-34, oa a ooaia (60 ni)
?N1-9, ?N2-7. Noaia naae?iiy 70 o 20 ni. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeeny a
1992-1994 ??. A aeine?ae? ? 2 aea/aee ??no iaeii??/ieo naaeaeaioe?a
yaeoi?, caieoeueiaaieo ia i?aeuaie 54-118 (eiio?ieue), ?N1-6, ?N1-9,
?N2-4, ?N2-7, ?N2-9, ?N5-34. Noaia naae?iiy 80 o 15 ni. Aeine?aeaeaiiy
aaeeny a 1993-1996 ??. Iaeaeaa aeine?aee i?iaiaeeeeny ia aac? AeA
“Iiain?eee” ?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI, Ee?ai-Nayoioeinueeee ?aeii
Ee?anueei? iaeano?. A aeine?ae? ? 3 aea/aee aieea eeiiiaeo i?aeuai –
54-118 (eiio?ieue), ?N1-9, ?N2-4, ?N2-7, – oa ooaiaiooai?thaa/?a –
Aioii?aea Cae/aeia (eiio?ieue), ?N1-9, ?N2-7, – ia ??no ?
i?iaeoeoeai?noue aea?aa yaeoi? . Naae caeeaaeaii a 1991 ?. iaeii??/eaie
ca noaiith 5 o 5 i. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeeny a AO “Oe?a?ia”
Ie?ii?anueeiai ?aeiio Ee?anueei? iaeano? ia i?ioyc? 1992-1997 ??. O
aeine?aeao a ?icnaaeieeo aeei?enoiaoaaeenue ni?oe Aeaea?aae ? ?oa?iiaa
Aeoee, a naaeo – Nia?oai, Aeaea?aae, ?oa?iiaa Aeoee.

A iniiao aeine?aeaeaiue aoei iieeaaeaii iaoiaeeeo AIAe?N ?i.
?.A.I?/o??ia (1973), iaoiaeeeo aea/aiiy i?aeuai ieiaeiaeo eoeueoo? ia
Oe?a?i? (ca ?aae. I.A.Aiae???iea, ?.I.Aoeueea, 1990), iaoiaeeeo
i?iaaaeaiiy iieueiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue c ieiaeiaeie eoeueoo?aie
(I.A.Eiiae?aoaiei, I.I.Aoaeee, 1996). A i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiue
aeei?enoiaoaaee iieueiaee, eaai?aoi?iee ? noaoenoe/iee iaoiaee.
E?euee?noue ? ye?noue noaiaea?oieo naaeaeaioe?a aecia/aee o
a?aeiia?aeiino? aei aeiia INOo 46-81-80 (1983). Oa?aeoa? ? ?ici?uaiiy
ei?aiaai? nenoaie aecia/aee iaoiaeii “iiiie?oo” ca A.A.Eieanieeiaei
(1962). Aeine?aeaeaiiy no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueieo ia?aiao??a
eenoiaiai aia?aoo i?iaiaeeee ca I.?. Eeoa?aei (1988) –
ethi?ianoeaioieie i?e?iniaeo?aeueieie iaoiaeaie ia eaai?aoi?iiio
i?e?iniaeo?ioeoi?eiao?? NIO-1?. Ceiino?ee?noue ?ineei aea/aee iieueiaei,
a oaeiae eaai?aoi?iei iaoiaeii i?yiiai i?iii?iaeoaaiiy ca iaoiaeeeith
I.I.Nieiaeiai? (1982). Noi?ni?noue uaiethaaieo eiiiiiaio?a aecia/aee ca
iaoiaeeeith A.A.Ei?iaeia (1979). Noaoenoe/iee ia?ia?oie aeaieo
aeeiioaaee ca A.A.Aeini?oiaei (1985). Aeiiii?/io aoaeoeai?noue
ae?iuoaaiiy yaeoi? ia eeiiiaeo i?aeuaiao ?ic?aoiaoaaee ca?aeii iaoiaeeee
?N OAAI (ca ?aae. I.I.Oanoiiaey, 1992).

AeA “Iiain?eee”, aea i?iaiaeeeeny aeine?aeaeaiiy a ?icnaaeieeo,
ciaoiaeeoueny a i?ai?/i?e /anoei? Oeaio?aeueiie?ninoaiiai? aa?ia?oioiai?
ciie. A?oio aeine?aeieo ae?eyiie – oaiii-n??ee ii?aecieaiee,
eaaeinoaeeieiaee ia ea?aiiaoao. Ai?no aoiono a i?iiio oa?? – 2,0-2,3%.
Ee?iao iii??ii-eiioeiaioaeueiee, c a?aeiinii i’yeith ceiith ? oaieei
e?oii. Iaoai?ieia?/i? oiiae ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue aoee aoe?eiio
ni?eyoeeaeie aeey ia?acei?ae? caieoeueiaaieo a?/ie ? ?inoo naaeaeaioe?a.
I?e ae?iuoaaii? naaeaeaioe?a oeyoii ceiiaiai uaieaiiy aieia?noue a?oioo
i?ioyaii aaaaoaoe?? i?aeo?eioaaeany iieeaii ia ??ai? 75-80% IA. I?e
ieoe??oaaii? naaeaeaioe? ae?iuoaaeenue aac c?ioaiiy.

AO “Oe?a?ia”, aea aea/aeeny iia? eeiiia? i?aeuaie yaeoi? a naaeo,
ciaoiaeeoueny a Oeaio?aeueiie?ninoaiia?e aa?ia?oioia?e cii?. A?oio
ae?eyiee – /i?iicai oeiiaee iaeiaoioniee eaaeinoaeeieiaee ia ean?. Ai?no
aoiono a i?iiio oa?? – 4,2-4,3%. Ee?iao iii??ii-eiioeiaioaeueiee, ?aeii
iaeaaeeoue aei iaaeinoaoiuei aieiai?, oaiei? aa?iee?iaoe/ii? ciie.
Iaoai?ieia?/i? oiiae i?ioyaii ia??iaeo aeine?aeaeaiue aoee caaaeii
ni?eyoeeaeie aeey ?icaeoeo aea?aa. Aeeeth/aiiy neeaa 1994 ??e, yeee aoa
aeineoue iinooeeaei: i?ioyaii aaaaoaoe?? aeiaei 252 ii iiaae?a, ui ia 86
ii iaioa a?ae na?aaeiuei? aaaaoi??/ii? ii?ie. Oea iaaaoeaii a?aeaeeiny
ia a?iaea? iioi/iiai ?ieo.

?ACOEUeOAOE AeINE?AeAEAIUe

??NO NAAeAEAIOe?A ssAEOI? IA EEIIIAEO I?AeUAIAO

Ae?iuoaaiiy naaeaeaioe?a oeyoii ceiiaiai uaieaiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiyie
anoaiiaeaii, ui iaeii??/i? naaeaeaioe? yaeoi? ia eiio?ieuei?e i?aeuai?
54-118 a na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue iaee ae?aiao? ooaiao
9,5-10,5 ii, aenioo – 110-123 ni. Oaeei aea ?ici??ii a?aecia/aeeny
naaeaeaioe? ia i?aeuai? ?N1-9, ia ?N2-7 ?inee ?ioaineai?oa, a ia ?N5-34
ca iieacieeaie ?inoo iinooiaeeny eiio?ieueiei. Iae?icaeiai?o?
naaeaeaioe? io?eiaii i?ney ceiiaiai uaieaiiy a ooaia (60 ni) i?aeuai
?N1-9 oa ?N2-7 – ca?eueoaiiy ae?aiao?o ooaiaa a?aeiia?aeii ia 12-25 ?
23-35%, aenioe – ia 36-51% ii a?aeiioaiith aei eiio?ieth. E??i oiai,
na?aae naaeaeaioe?a ia ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao 79-90 a?aenioe?a iaee a?/i?
iaaiie a e?eueeino? 2,0-2,2 oooee ia iaei?e ?ineei?.

Aeo?ae noaiaea?oiiai naaeeaiiai iaoa??aeo a eiio?ie? ? ia i?aeuai?
?N1-9 neeaa 55-69% a?ae e?eueeino? aenaaeaeaieo uai, aai 40-49 oen. oooe
c 1 aa. I?ioa a?eueo?noue naaeaeaioe?a iaeaaeaee aei 2-ai oiaa?iiai
ni?oo. ?noioia ca?eueoaiiy aeoiaeo noaiaea?oieo naaeaeaioe?a c iaeeieoe?
ieiu? ?icnaaeieea – ia 18-33% – niinoa??aaeiny i?e uaieaii? a oiiaio
ei?aiaao oeeeo i?aeuaie ?N2-7 o iaio ni?o?a yaeoi? oa ia
ooaiaiooai?thaa/? ?N2-7 o ni?oo Aeaea?aae.

Ae?iuoaaiiy naaeaeaioe?a oeyoii ieoe??oaaiiy. I?eaeeaaiiy aenaaeaeaieo
o ia?oa iiea a?aenaaee?a eeiiiaeo i?aeuai aoei aenieei ? neeaei a
na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee aeie?aeaeaiue 90-96%. I?eaeeaethaai?noue
caieoeueiaaieo a?/ie yaeoi? ni?o?a Aeaea?aae ? ?oa?iiaa Aeoee eieeaaeany
ii ?ieao ia?noioii ? a na?aaeiueiio iaeieae/ith aoea ia i?aeuai? ?N2-9 –
73-75%. O ?aooe i?aeuai oeae iieaciee noaiiaea 84-91 a?aenioie.

Aaaeeeaei iieacieeii, ui oa?aeoa?eco? eeiiia? i?aeuaie, ? ?ici??
ae?iuaieo ia ieo naaeaeaioe?a. Ae?aiao? ooaiao iaeii??/ieo naaeaeaioe?a
Aeaea?aaeo ? ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee ia eiio?ieuei?e i?aeuai? 54-118 a
na?aaeiueiio ca 3 ?iee neeaa a?aeiia?aeii 12,4 ? 10,8 ii (oaae.1).
Eieeaaiiy oeueiai iieacieea ia i?aeuaiao ?N1-6, ?N1-9, ?N2-4, ?N2-7
aoei a iaaeao iaeiaioi? ?noioii? ??cieoe?. Ia?noioiei ii??iyii c
eiio?ieai aoei oaeiae eieeaaiiy aenioe naaeaeaioe?a ia aeaieo i?aeuaiao:
o Aeaea?aaea – 143-162 ni, o ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee – 143-154 ni, oi/a
iaea?eueoith aenioith, ye ? oiaueiith, a?aecia/aeeny naae- aeaioe?
ia ?N2-7. Iaeiaio ?icaeiaieie aoee naaeaeaioe? ia i?aeuaiao ?N2-9 oa
?N5-34: ciaioaiiy ae?aiao?o ooaiaa ia 14-26, aenioe – ia 10-19% ii
a?aeiioaiith aei eiio?ieth.

Oaaeeoey 1

??no iaeii??/ieo naaeaeaioe?a yaeoi? ia eeiiiaeo i?aeuaiao,

na?aaei? ca 1994-1996 ??.

Aeaea?aae ?oa?iiaa Aeoee

I?aeuaia Ae?aiao? ooaiao, ii Aenioa,

ni Ae?aiao? ooaiao, ii Aenioa,

ni

54-118

(eiio?ieue)

12,4

146

10,8

144

?N1-6 11,4 143 10,2 143

?N1-9 12,8 159 10,7 154

?N2-4 11,3 146 10,8 146

?N2-7 13,0 162 11,4 154

?N2-9 9,2 119 8,6 119

?N5-34 10,1 124 9,3 129

I??05 2,16 16,9 1,43 13,3

A na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue aeo?ae noaiaea?oieo naaeaeaioe?a
c iaeiiai aaeoa?o ia i?aeuaiao 54-118, ?N1-9, ?N2-4, ?N2-7 neeaa o ni?oo
Aeaea?aae 62-70 oen., o ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee – 61-67 oen. oooe. Ia?aaaaeia
a?eueo?noue oeeo naaeaeaioe?a iaeaaeaea aei ?-ai oiaa?iiai ni?oo. Aeo?ae
noaiaea?oieo naaeaeaioe?a ia ?ioeo i?aeuaiao aoa ?noioii ieae/ei ? neeaa
ia ?N1-6 89%, ia ?N5-34 – 81-91, ia ?N2-9 – 68-76% ii??aiyii aei
eiio?ieth o iaio ni?o?a.

INIAEEAINO? ?INOO OA IEIAeIIIOAIIss

AeA?AA ssAEOI? IA EEIIIAEO I?AeUAIAO

? OOAIAIOOAI?THAA*AO A NAAeO

A?o?oaeoii?ea ei?aiaai? nenoaie. A oiiaao oeaio?aeueiiai E?ninoaio ia
/i?iicai? oeiiaiio eaaeinoaeeieiaiio ei?aiaaa nenoaia /ioe?e??/ieo
aea?aa ni?oo Nia?oai ia eiio?ieuei?e i?aeuai? 54-118 nyaaea aeeaeie 1,2
i, caaaeueia aeiaaeeia ?? neeaaeaea 550 i, iana – 598 a. Oaeo ae
ei?aiaao nenoaio iathoue aea?aaa ia ?N2-4. Ia i?aeuai? ?N1-9 ei?aiaaa
nenoaia ? a?eueo ?icaeiaiith. Aea iaea?eueo iiooaeio ei?aiaao nenoaio
iathoue aea?aaa ia i?aeuai? ?N2-7: i?iieeiaiiy ia aeeaeio 1,4 i,
caaaeueia aeiaaeeia – 1131 i, iana – 1033 a. ?acii c oei o oe???
i?aeuaie aaeeeee a?aenioie ia?inoath/iai ei??iiy. Ioaea, ?N2-7 ii?aeio?
a nia? e?au? yeino? ian?ii?ai? ? eeiiiai? i?aeuai: iiooaei?noue ?
aeeaiea i?iieeiaiiy c iaeiiai aieo ? ie/eoaao?noue c ?ioiai. Ei?iaiaaa
nenoaia aea?aa ia ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao i?aeuai ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7 iaio
iiooaeia ii??aiyii c aea?aaaie, uaieaieie a oiiaio ei?aiaao oeeeo oeeo
i?aeuai. Iana ei??iiy o ieo iaioa a?aeiia?aeii ia 30 ? 21%, caaaeueia
aeiaaeeia – ia 43 ? 61%.

sse??i?noue aea?aa ia an?o i?aeuaiao, ui aea/aeeny, ? aeia?ith.
?icaeoie ei?aiaai? nenoaie aea?aa aoe?eiio ei?aeth? c ?icaeoeii ?o
iaaecaiii? /anoeie.

??no iaaecaiii? /anoeie aea?aa. Naie??/i? aea?aaa yaeoi? ia i?aeuai?
?N2-4 ca neeith ?inoo ia a?ae??ciythoueny a?ae eiio?ieueieo – ia 54-118:
ae?aiao? ooaiao 82-83 ii o Nia?oaia ? 76-79 o ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee, aenioa
a?aeiia?aeii 3,0 oa 2,8-3,0 i (oaae.2). I?aeuaie ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7
i?iaeoeothoue a?eueo neeueiee ??no aea?aa – ca?eueoaiiy ae?aiao?o ooaiaa
ia 9-12% o ni?oo Nia?oai ? ia 20-25 o ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee ? Aeaea?aaeo. Oe?
aea?aaa oaeiae iathoue a?eueoee ??/iee i?e??no iaaii?a, eenoiao
iiaa?oith, aenioo, ia’?i oa ieiuo i?iaeoe?? e?iie. Ca aeaieie
iieacieeaie i?aeuaio ?N2-4 ne?ae a?aeianoe aei a?oie iai?aea?eeeiaeo,
?N1-9 oa ?N2-7 – na?aaeiuei?ineeo.

Ca?eueoaiiy aenioe uaieaiiy aei 60 ni ia eeiiia? i?aeuaie aeicaiey?
cia/ii iineaaeoe ?inoia? i?ioeane uaieaieo aea?aa. Naie??/i? aea?aaa
yaeoi? ni?oo Nia?oai ia ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7 ii??aiyii ?c
uaiea-

Oaaeeoey 2

Aieea i?aeuai ia ?ici?? naie??/ieo aea?aa yaeoi? (1997 ?.)

I?aeuaia Ae?aiao? ooaiao ii ??/iee i?e??no iaaii?a, i Aenioa aea?aaa,i
Oe?e-ia e?iie, i Ieiua i?iaeoe?? e?iie, i2 Ia’?i e?iie, i3

Nia?oai

54-118 (eiio?ieue 1) 83 96 3,0 2,2 3,6 9,4

?N1-9 91 117 3,2 2,2 3,9 10,5

?N2-4 82 88 3,0 2,2 3,8 9,1

?N2-7 94 129 3,2 2,3 4,1 11,2

Aioii?aea Cae/aeia ooaia (eiio?ieue 2)

102

151

3,4

2,6

5,3

14,1

?N1-9 ooaia 75 82 2,9 2,2 3,7 8,4

?N2-7 ooaia 76 93 2,9 2,2 3,8 8,9

?oa?iiaa Aeoee

54-118 (eiio?ieue) 76 80 2,8 2,1 3,5 8,0

?N1-9 93 122 3,2 2,3 4,1 10,9

?N2-4 79 88 3,0 2,2 3,8 9,1

?N2-7 95 119 3,3 2,4 4,6 12,5

Aeaea?aae

54-118 (eiio?ieue) 72 65 2,7 2,1 3,3 7,4

?N1-9 86 89 3,1 2,3 4,2 10,7

?N2-7 89 94 3,1 2,3 4,3 11,3

ieie a oiiaio ei?aiaao oeeeo oeeo i?aeuai iathoue ae?aiao? ooaiao,
iaioee ia 18-19%, ??/iee i?e??no iaaii?a – ia 28-30, aenioo – ia 8,
ia’?i e?iie – ia 20 a?aenioe?a.

I?iaeoeoeai?noue aea?aa yaeoi?. Aea?aaa yaeoi? aeine?aeaeoaaieo
ni?oi-i?aeuaiieo eiia?ioaaiue caoea?ee ia o?ao?e ??e i?ney naae?iiy a
naae, ca aeiyoeii Nia?oaio ia i?aeuaiao 54-118, ?N1-9, ui caoea?ee ia
/aoaa?oee ??e, ? ia ooaiaiooai?thaa/? Aioii?aea Cae/aeia, ui caoea?ee
eeoa ia oinoee ??e i?ney naae?iiy.

Aea?aaa ni?o?a Nia?oai ? ?oa?iiaa Aeoee ia i?aeuaiao ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7
anooieee a ii?o oiaa?iiai ieiaeiiioaiiy a na?aaeiueiio ia iaeei ??e
?ai?oa, i?ae a eiio?ie? – ia 54-118. Aiaeii/an aea?aaa Nia?oaio ia
ooaia? ?N2-7 anooieee a ii?o oiaa?iiai ieiaeiiioaiiy ia ??e ?ai?oa, i?ae
uaieai? a oiiaio ei?aiaao oeeeo oe??? i?aeuaie (oaae. 3). Iaeaeuith
noia?iith a?iaeaei?noth ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue a?aecia/aeeny aea?aaa ia
i?aeuaiao ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7: o Nia?oaia – a?aeiia?aeii 57 ? 75 ea c aea?aaa
i?ioe 45 a eiio?ie?, o ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee – 59 ? 70 i?ioe 29, o Aeaea?aaea
– 43 ? 65 i?ioe 24 ea ieiae?a c aea?aaa a eiio?ie?.

Oaaeeoey 3

I?iaeoeoeai?noue aea?aa yaeoi? caeaaeii a?ae i?aeuaie

??e anooio a oiaa?ia Noia?iee o?iaeae ca Ieoiia i?iaeoeoeai?noue
naie??/ieo aea?aa, ea ieiae?a

I?aeuaia ieiaeiii-oaiiy 1993-1997 ??., ea/aea?. ia 1 ni2 ia?a??co ooaiaa
ia 1 i3 ia’?io e?iie ia 1 i2 ieiu? i?iaeoe?? e?iie

N i a ? o a i

54-118 (eiio?ieue1)

6

44,9

0,51

3,0

7,6

?N1-9 6 56,8 0,51 3,2 8,6

?N2-4 6 29,9 0,29 1,7 4,0

?N2-7 5 74,7 0,57 3,5 9,4

Aioii?aea Cae-/aeia ooaia (eiio?ieue 2)

6

30,1

0,15

0,9

2,4

?N1-9 ooaia 6 48,7 0,63 3,3 7,4

?N2-7 ooaia 4 64,2 0,64 3,3 7,7

I??05 – 6,12 –
– –

? o a ? i i a a Ae o e e

54-118 (eiio?ieue) 5 28,9 0,21 1,2 2,8

?N1-9 4 59,1 0,21 1,3 3,5

?N2-4 6 27,2 0,18 1,0 2,4

?N2-7 4 69,9 0,29 1,7 4,5

I??05 – 6,87 –
– –

A e ae a ? a ae

54-118 (eiio?ieue) 4 24,3 0,23 1,2 2,7

?N1-9 4 42,6 0,26 1,4 3,6

?N2-7 4 65,2 0,48 2,6 7,0

I??05 – 6,49 –
– –

Aeuith ca eiio?ieue ieoiiith i?iaeoeoeai?noth a?aecia/aeeny aea?aaa
yaeoi? ia i?aeuai? ?N1-9 ? iniaeeai ?N2-7. Aiaeii/an cao?eniaaii
ca?eueoaiiy ieoiii? i?iaeoeoeaiino? naie??/ieo aea?aa Nia?oaio ia
ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao eeiiiaeo i?aeuai ii??aiyii ?c uaieaieie a oiiaio
ei?aiaao oeeeo oeeo i?aeuai: o ?N1-9 0,63 i?ioe 0,51, o ?N2-7 0,64 i?ioe
0,57 ea ieiae?a, ui i?eiaaeathoue ia 1 ni2 ieiu? ia?a??co ooaiaa.

II?ICINO?EE?NOUe EI?AIAAI? NENOAIE

EEIIIAEO I?AeUAI

Iaaeinoaoiy ii?icino?ee?noue ei?aiaai? nenoaie a?eueoino? a?aeiieo
i?aeuai yaeoi? – iniiaiee /eiiee, ui aaeueio? ?o oe?iea aeei?enoaiiy a
aaaaoueio ?aa?iiao e?a?ie. Oiio i?e ioe?ioe? iiaeo i?aeuai aaaeeeai
anoaiiaeoe ii?icino?ee?noue ?o ei?aiaai? nenoaie.

Ii?icino?ee?noue ei??iiy eeiiiaeo i?aeuai yaeoi? aeine?aeaeoaaeanue o
ceie 1993/94 ? 1994/95 ??. oeyoii i?yiiai i?iii?iaeoaaiiy a?aenaaee?a o
oi

Oaaeeoey 4

Nooi?iue iioeiaeaeaiiy ei??iiy i?aeuai yaeoi? i?e caii?iaeoaaii? a
noai? aeeaieiai niieith

Iioeiaeaeaiiy, aae ?aaaia-

I?aeuaia ei?a eaia?e aea?aaeia na?oeaaei-i? i?iiai? caaaeue-iee ?aoe?y,
% ?ineei

I?ion 120 N

54-118 1,0 1,1 0,8 0,3 3,2 100,0

?N1-6 2,5 2,3 1,4 0,7 6,9 42,4

?N1-9 0,6 0,8 0,5 0,2 2,1 100,0

?N2-4 1,2 1,1 0,8 0,3 3,4 97,6

?N2-7 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,3 3,0 100,0

?N2-9 1,2 1,2 0,8 0,5 3,7 85,2

?N5-34 1,3 1,4 1,0 0,6 4,3 83,0

I?ion 140 N

54-118 2,6 2,0 1,7 1,4 7,7 25,9

?N1-6 4,0 3,9 3,0 2,5 13,4 6,0

?N1-9 2,4 1,9 1,5 1,3 7,1 28,2

?N2-4 2,9 2,3 1,9 1,5 8,6 20,8

?N2-7 2,7 2,2 1,6 1,3 7,8 29,0

?N2-9 3,5 3,5 2,8 2,2 12,0 12,1

?N5-34 3,3 3,0 2,5 2,0 10,8 15,6

I?ion 160 N

54-118 4,0 4,0 3,8 3,5 15,3 3,7

?N1-6 5,0 5,0 4,5 4,4 18,9 0

?N1-9 4,0 4,0 3,7 3,3 15,0 2,0

?N2-4 4,2 4,0 4,0 3,6 15,8 0

?N2-7 4,0 4,0 3,5 3,3 14,8 2,6

?N2-9 4,5 4,5 4,3 4,0 17,3 0

?N5-34 4,4 4,5 4,2 3,7 16,8 0

eiaeeeuei?e eaia?? a ia?o?e iieiaei? n?/iy.

I?iii?iaeoaaiiy i?e oaiia?aoo?? -120N i?ecaaei aei iacia/iiai
iioeiaeaeaiiy oeaiei ei?ai?a o i?aeuai 54-118, ?N1-9, ?N2-4 oa ?N2-7
(oaae.4). Iaea?eueo /ooeeaith aei oe??? oaiia?aoo?e aeyaeeanue i?aeuaia
?N1-6, caaaeueiee aae iioeiaeaeaiiy oeaiei yei? neeaa 6,9, a
?aaaia?aoe?y ei??iiy – 42 a?aenioea. I?e oaiia?aoo?? -140N
oeaieie an?o aeine?aeaeoaaieo i?aeuai

iioeiaeeeeny cia/ii neeuei?oa. Iaea?eueoa i?aeia?cei ei??iiy o ?N1-6 –
ei?a ? eaia?e i?aeoe/ii caaeioee, i?ney aenaaeaeoaaiiy a a?oio
aaaaooaaei eeoa 6% i?iii?iaeaieo ?ineei. A cia/i?e i??? iioeiaeeeeny
oaeiae oeaieie ei?ai?a i?aeuai ?N2-9 oa ?N5-34. Iioeiaeaeaiiy i?aeuai
54-118, ?N1-9, ?N2-4, ?N2-7 aoei iaio ?noioiei – caaaeueiee aae 7-9
i?ioe 11-13 o ?ioeo i?aeuai. C /enea i?iii?iaeaieo ?ineei i?ney
aenaaeaeoaaiiy aeaeeei 21-29% (iaea?eueoa – ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7).
Oaiia?aoo?o -160N ia aeo?eiaea aeiaeia c aeine?aeaeoaaieo i?aeuai.
Aeoaea aaeeeiai iioeiaeaeaiiy caciaee an? oeaieie ei?ai?a, iniaeeai ei?a
? eaia?e. ?aaaia?oaaea eeoa iacia/ia e?euee?noue ?ineei (2-4 %) i?aeuai
54-118, ?N1-9, ?N2-7, ye? aei oiai ae a?aecia/aeeny i?eai?/aiei ?inoii.

Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeathoue iiaeeea?noue aecia/eoe e?eoe/i? i?ionia?
oaiia?aoo?e aeey ei?aiaai? nenoaie aeine?aeaeoaaieo i?aeuai. Aeey
54-118, ?N1-9, ?N2-4, ?N2-7 oea i?ion 14-150N, aeey ?N2-9, ?N5-34 –
i?ion 13-140, ? aeey ?N1-6 – i?ion 12-130N.

IOe?IEA NI?OI-I?AeUAIIEO EIIA?IOAAIUe ssAEOI?

IAOIAeII I?E?INIAEO?AEUeIIAI AIAE?CO

OOIEOe?IIAEUeIIAI NOAIO ?O EENOIAIAI AIA?AOO

Aeine?aeaeaiiyie i?e?iniaeo?aeueieo oa?aeoa?enoee eenoe?a ??cieo oi?i
i?aeuai oa ni?oi-i?aeuaiieo eiia?ioaaiue aecia/ai? ia?aiao?e
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?o oioineioaoe/iiai eiiieaeno. Ciaeaeaii a?aei?iiino? a
aoaeoeaiino? ?iaioe eenoe?a ??cieo oi?i i?aeuai. I?aeuaia a cia/i?e
i??? aecia/a? ooieoe?iioaaiiy oioineioaoe/iiai aia?aoo uaieaiiai
eiiiiiaioo, aieea i?aeuaie iineeth?oueny ?c ca?eueoaiiyi aenioe
uaieaiiy.

Aeey ni?oi-i?aeuaiieo eiia?ioaaiue c aenieei ??aiai oaeaeeiie?aeiino?
oa i?iaeoeoeaiino? a?aei?/aii iineaaeaiiy oa?iinoaa?eueiino? eenoy
ii??aiyii c iaio oaeaeeiie?aeieie oa i?iaeoeoeaieie, ui iiaea aooe
iia’ycaii ?c a?eueo iai?oaeaiei ooieoe?iioaaiiyi aioeieneaeaioii?
nenoaie o oeeo ?ineei.

Anoaiiaeaia ??cieoey a aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy oioineioaoe/iiai
eiiieaeno eenoe?a o ??cieo ni?oi-i?aeuaiieo eiia?ioaaiue yaeoi?.
Iaea?eueoee aieea ia uaieai? eiiiiiaioe ca ia?aiao?aie
oa?ii?iaeoeoe?eiiai aiae?co oeoi?anoeaioe?? oei?io?eo ni?aaeythoue
i?aeuaie ?N2-7 oa ?N1-9, aeey yeeo no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueia
i?aai?caoe?y ieanoeaeiiai eiiieaeno eenoe?a uaieaiiai ni?oo ?
iaeaoaeoeai?oith.

AEIIII?*IA AOAEOEAI?NOUe AE?IUOAAIIss

NAAeAEAIOe?A ssAEOI? IA EEIIIAEO I?AeUAIAO

Oe?iea canoinoaaiiy a i?aeoeoe? naae?aieoeoaa ae?iuoaaiiy naaeaeaioe?a
yaeoi? ia eeiiiaeo i?aeuaiao ia? iaaecae/aeii aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy ia
o?eueee aeey i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ieiaei?icnaaeieoeoaa, a e aaeoc?
aoe?eiio. C oe??th iaoith – iaiao?aeii aanoe iiooe iiaeo a?eueo
i?iaeoeoeaieo eeiiiaeo i?aeuai, ye? a caaacia/oaaee aenieee aeiiii?/iee
aoaeo a?ae ?o aeei?enoaiiy.

Aeine?aeaeaiiyie anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e aeei?enoaii? i?aeuai ?N1-9 aeey
ae?iuoaaiiy naaeaeaioe?a oeyoii ceiiaiai uaieaiiy aeinyaiooi oaeee aea
aeiiii?/iee aoaeo, ye ? a eiio?ie? – ia i?aeuai? 54-118. Oae, ii ni?oo
?oa?iiaa Aeoee i?eaooie c 1 aa ?icnaaeieea o oeeo aa??aioao neeaa 73-77
oen. a?i. i?e ??ai? ?aioaaaeueiino? 188-194%. Aeu? iieacieee
aoaeoeaiino? io?eiaii i?e uaieaii? a oiiaio ei?aiaao oeeeo i?aeuaie
?N2-7 oa a ooaia (60 ni) ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7: i?eaooie 92-104 oen. a?i.,
??aaiue ?aioaaaeueiino? 206-218%. Aa??aio c i?aeuaiith ?N5-34 cia/ii
iinooiaany ca ??aiai aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? eiio?ieth.

I?e ae?iuoaaii? iaeii??/ieo naaeaeaioe?a yaeoi? ni?oo ?oa?iiaa Aeoee
oeyoii ieoe??oaaiiy ia eiio?ieuei?e i?aeuai? 54-118 i?eaooie c 1 aa
?icnaaeieea a na?aaeiueiio ca 3 ?iee neeaa 118,1 oen. a?i. i?e ??ai?
?aioaaaeueiino? 220 a?aenioe?a (oaae.5). Iiae?ai? aeai? io?eiaii ia
i?aeuaiao ?N1-9, ?N2-4, ?N2-7. Iaeaeuee i?eaooie c 1 aa io?eiaii o
aa??aio? c ?N2-7 – 132,0 oen. a?i. Iio??aii

Oaaeeoey 5

Aeiiii?/ia ioe?iea ae?iuoaaiiy iaeii??/ieo naaeaeaioe?a yaeoi? ni?oo
?oa?iiaa Aeoee

oeyoii ieoe??oaaiiy ia eeiiia? i?aeuaie, 1994-1996 ??. (ca oe?iaie 1996
?.)

Iieaciee 54-118 (eiio?ieue) ?N1-6 ?N1-9 ?N2-4 ?N2-7 ?N2-9 ?N5-34

Aeo?ae noaiaea?oieo naaeaeaioe?a

c 1 aa, oen. oooe

60,8

54,0

61,9

60,6

66,8

46,2

55,2

a o./. 1 ni?o 47,7 38,1 47,1 46,5 56,9 2,5 13,5

2 ni?o 13,1 15,9 14,8 14,1 9,9 43,7 41,7

Ae?iaie/? aeo?aoe ia 1 aa,

oen. a?i.

33,9

40,5

34,6

35,4

40,0

42,0

42,7

Iiaia nia?aa?o?noue 1 oen.

naaeaeaioe?a, oen. a?i.

0,88

1,07

0,87

0,90

0,91

1,22

1,08

Aa?o?noue ae?iuaiiai naaeeaiiai iaoa??aeo c 1 aa, oen. a?i.

171,9

149,4

174,0

170,5

192,5

103,5

132,0

a o./. 1 ni?o 143,1 114,4 141,4 139,5 170,7 7,4 40,3

2 ni?o 28,8 35,0 32,6 31,0 21,8 96,1 91,7

I?eaooie c 1 aa ?icnaaeieea,

oen. a?i.

118,1

91,4

120,4

115,8

132,0

47,3

72,3

??aaiue ?aioaaaeueiino?, %

220

158

225

212

218

84

121

a?aecia/eoe, ui i?e aeei?enoaii? i?aeuai ?N1-6 ?, iniaeeai, ?N2-9 oa
?N5-34 cia/ii cieaeothoueny iieacieee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino?, oi/a
aoe?eiio ae?iuoaaiiy naaeaeaioe?a ia aeaieo i?aeuaiao ? aeinoaoiuei
i?eaooeiaei. Aiaeia?/i? aeai? uiaei aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? a ?ic??c?
i?aeuai io?eiaii ? i?e ae?iuoaaii? naaeaeaioe?a ni?oo Aeaea?aae.

AENIIAEE

1. Iia? i?aeuaie ?N1-9, ?N2-4 oa ?N2-7 aeyaeeenue eiieo?aioiicaeaoieie
a ?icnaaeieeo ii??aiyii c eiio?ieueiith i?aeuaiith 54-118 ye i?e
canoinoaaii? ceiiaiai uaieaiiy, oae ? ieoe??oaaiiy. Aeo?ae noaiaea?oieo
iaeii??/ieo naaeaeaioe?a ia aeaieo i?aeuaiao i?ney ieoe??oaaiiy neeaa a
na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue ii ni?oo Aeaea?aae 62-70 oen. oooe,
ii ?oa?iiaiio Aeoee – 61-67 oen. oooe c 1 aa.

2. Anoaiiaeaii, ui iaea?eueo ?icaeiaio ? aeeaieii?iieeath/o ei?aiaao
nenoaio iaee /ioe?e??/i? aea?aaa ni?oo Nia?oai ia i?aeuai? ?N2-7
(caaaeueia aeiaaeeia 1130 i, iana – 1030 a). Caaaeueia aeiaaeeia
ei?aiaai? nenoaie aea?aa ia ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7 ia 40-60%,
a iana ia 20-30% iaio?, i?ae o aea?aa, uaieaieo a oiiaio ei?aiaao oeeeo
aeaieo i?aeuai. Iaea?eueo ie/eoaaoo ei?aiaao nenoaio iathoue i?aeuaie
54-118 oa ?N2-7.

3. ??no iaaecaiii? /anoeie aea?aa aoe?eiio ei?aeth? c ?icaeoeii
ei?aiaai? nenoaie. Naie??/i? aea?aaa yaeoi? ia i?aeuaiao 54-118 oa ?N2-4
iathoue iaeiaeiao neeo ?inoo (ae?aiao? ooaiao Nia?oaia 82-83 ii,
?oa?iiaiai Aeoee – 76-79 ii). I?aeuaie ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7 a?aecia/athoueny
a?eueo neeueiei ?inoii aea?aa: ca?eueoaiiy ae?aiao?o ooaiaa o ni?oo
Nia?oai ia 9-12%, o ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee ? Aeaea?aaeo – ia 20-25%. Oe?
aea?aaa oaeiae iathoue a?eueoee ??/iee i?e??no iaaii?a oa ?ici?? e?iie.
Iiia?aaeiuei i?aeuaio ?N2-7 a?aeianaii aei a?oie iai?aea?eeeiaeo, ?N1-9
oa ?N2-7 – aei na?aaeiuei?ineeo.

4. Ca?eueoaiiy aenioe uaieaiiy aei 60 ni ia eeiiia? i?aeuaie ?N1-9 oa
?N2-7 i?ecaaei aei cia/iiai iineaaeaiiy ?inoiaeo i?ioean?a uaieaieo
aea?aa. Naie??/i? aea?aaa ni?oo Nia?oai ia ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao ?N1-9 oa
?N2-7 ii??aiyii ?c uaieaieie a oiiaio ei?aiaao oeeeo oeeo i?aeuai
iathoue ae?aiao? ooaiao, iaioee ia 18-19%, ??/iee i?e??no iaaii?a – ia
28-30%.

5. Aea?aaa Nia?oaio ia eiio?ieuei?e i?aeuai? 54-118 anooieee a ii?o
oiaa?iiai ieiaeiiioaiiy ia 6-e ??e, ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee – ia 5-e,
Aeaea?aaeo – ia 4-e ??e i?ney naae?iiy a naae. Aea?aaa ia i?aeuai? ?N1-9
? iniaeeai ?N2-7 ? a?eueo oaeaeeiie?aeieie ? anooiathoue a ii?o
oiaa?iiai ieiaeiiioaiiy a na?aaeiueiio ia iaeei ??e ?ai?oa, i?ae a
eiio?ie?. I?enei?aiith oaeaeeiie?aeiino? ni?eyei oaeiae aeniea uaieaiiy
ni?oo Nia?oai ia ?N2-7: aea?aaa oeueiai aa??aioo anooieee a oiaa?ia
ieiaeiiioaiiy ia 4-e ??e, a uaieai? a oiiaio ei?aiaao oeeeo – ia 5-e ??e
i?ney naae?iiy a naae.

6. Noia?iee o?iaeae aea?aa ia i?aeuaiao ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7 ca ?iee
aeine?aeaeaiue neeaa: o Nia?oaia a?aeiia?aeii 57 oa 75 ea i?ioe 45 a
eiio?ie?, o ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee – 59 oa 70 i?ioe 29, o Aeaea?aaea – 43 oa
65 i?ioe 24 ea ieiae?a c aea?aaa a eiio?ie?. Noia?iee o?iaeae aea?aa ia
ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao eeiiiaeo i?aeuai aoa aeaui ieae/ei, i?ae i?e uaieaii?
a oiiaio ei?aiaao oeeeo.

Ieoiia i?iaeoeoeai?noue naie??/ieo aea?aa ia i?aeuaiao 54-118 oa ?N1-9
neeaea o Nia?oaia 0,51, o ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee ? Aeaea?aaeo – 0,21-0,26 ea
ieiae?a ia 1 ni2 ia?a??co ooaiaa. Ia i?aeuai? ?N2-7 oeae iieaciee aoa
aeuei: o Nia?oaia – 112%, o ?oa?iiaiai Aeoee – 138, a Aeaea?aaeo – 209 %
a?aeiia?aeii aei eiio?ieth. Oe?ieee ae?aiacii eieeaaiiy ??cieoe? a
ieoii?e i?iaeoeoeaiino? ni?o?a ia iaeieo ? oeo aea i?aeuaiao na?ae/eoue
i?i aeeeth/ii ?iaeea?aeoaeueiee aca?iiaieea “i?aeuaia-i?euaia”.

Cao?eniaaii ca?eueoaiiy ieoiii? i?iaeoeoeaiino? aea?aa Nia?oaio ia
ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao eeiiiaeo i?aeuai ii??aiyii ?c uaieaieie a oiiaio
ei?aiaao oeeeo oeeo i?aeuai: ia ?N1-9 0,63 ea i?ioe 0,51, ia ?N2-7 0,64
i?ioe 0,57 ea ia 1 ni2 ia?a??co ooaiaa.

7. A ?icnaaeieeo ? naaeo oaeo?a ianoi?niino? i?ae aeine?aeaeoaaieie
i?aeuaiaie ? ni?oaie yaeoi? ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue ia a?aei?/aii.

8. Aecia/aii e?eoe/i? i?ionia? oaiia?aoo?e aeey ei?aiaai? nenoaie
aeine?aeaeoaaieo i?aeuai i?aeuai. Aeey 54-118, ?N1-9, ?N2-4, ?N2-7 oea
i?ion 14-150 N, aeey ?N2-9, ?N5-34 – -13-140, aeey ?N1-6 – i?ion 120N.
Ioaea, i?aeuaie ?N1-9, ?N2-4, ?N2-7 a?aeiinyoueny aei a?oie
aenieiii?icino?eeeo, ?N2-9, ?N5-34 – na?aaeiueiii?icino?eeeo, a ?N1-6 ?
neaaiii?icino?eeith i?aeuaiith.

9. Anoaiiaeaia ??cieoey a aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy oioineioa/iiai
eiiieaeno eenoe?a aeey ??cieo ni?oi-i?aeuaiieo eiia?ioaaiue yaeoi?.
Iaea?eueoee aieea ia uaieai? eiiiiiaioe ca ia?aiao?aie
oa?ii?iaeoeoe?eiiai aiae?co oeoi?anoeaioe?? oei?io?eo ni?aaeythoue
i?aeuaie ?N2-7 oa ?N1-9, aeey yeeo no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueia
i?aai?caoe?y ieanoeaeiiai eiiieaeno eenoe?a uaieaiiai ni?oo ?
iaeaoaeoeai?oith. Aeyaeaia ia?niaeoeai?noue iaoiaeo i?e?iniaeo?aeueiiai
aiae?co ooieoe?iiaeueiiai noaio eenoiaiai aia?aoo iiaeo ni?oi-i?aeuaiieo
eiia?ioaaiue yaeoi? c iaoith ae?aaiinoeee a ?icnaaeieeo ?o iiaeaeueoi?
oaeaeeiie?aeiino? oa i?iaeoeoeaiino?.

10. ?ic?aooiee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? iieacothoue aeioe?euei?noue
canoinoaaiiy a ?icnaaeieeo ii?yae c? noaiaea?oiith i?aeuaiith 54-118
iiaeo eeiiiaeo i?aeuai yaeoi? ?N1-9, ?N2-4, ?N2-7. Oae, i?e ae?iuoaaii?
oeyoii ieoe??oaaiiy iaeii??/ieo naaeaeaioe?a ni?oo ?oa?iiaa Aeoee ia
aeaieo i?aeuaiao i?eaooie c 1 aa ?icnaaeieea neeaa 116-132 oen.a?i. i?e
??ai? ?aioaaaeueiino? 212-225%.

11. Ca eiiieaenii iciae a ?icnaaeieeo ? naaeo aeae?eai? ?
?aeiiaiaeothoueny aeey ae?iaie/i? ia?aa??ee i?aeuaie yaeoi? naeaeoe??
?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7, ? aiie ae ye
ooaiaiooai?thaa/?.

NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe?? ?IA?O

1. Iaeaoaoee A.I. ?icaeoie ei?aiaai? nenoaie iieiaeeo yaeoiue ia
eeiiiaeo i?aeuaiao ? ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao // Naae.-1995.-? 5.-N.14-15.

2. Iaeaoaoue A.I. Eco/aiea iiauo eeiiiauo iiaeaiaa aeey yaeiie a
ieoiiieea // Neaai?ineua eeiiiaua iiaeaie a naaeiaiaenoaa.- Ie/o?eine.-
1997.- N.25-26.

3. Iaeaoaoee A.I. ??no ? nei?iie?aei?noue yaeoi? ia eeiiiaeo i?aeuaiao
oa ooaiaiooai?thaa/ao // Naae?aieoeoai.- E.: Aa?a?ia iaoea.- 1997.- Aei.
45.- N. 45-49.

4. Iaeaoaoee A.I. Ii?icino?ee?noue ei?aiaai? nenoaie iiaeo eeiiiaeo
i?aeuai yaeoi? a oiiaao i?ai?/iiai E?ninoaio //Naae?aieoeoai.-E.:
Aa?a?ia iaoea, 1998.-Aei.46.-N.168-170.

5. Eeoa?a I.?., Iaeaoaoee A.I. Ioe?iea ni?oi-i?aeuaiieo eiia?iaoe?e
yaeoi? ca aiae?cii ooieoe?iiaeueiiai noaio ?o eenoeiaiai aia?aoo
//Naae?aieoeoai.-E.: Aa?a?ia iaoea, 1998.-Aei.46.-N.174-176. (I?iaaaeai?
iieueia? oa eaai?aoi?i? aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaienaia ? ioi?ieaia noaooy).

6. Iaeaoaoee A.I. Iia? eeiiia? i?aeuaie yaeoi? a ?icnaaeieeo //
Naae?aieoeoai. – E.: A-ai OAIII “Oai?en”, 1998. – Aei. 47. – N.176-179.

7. Iaeaoaoee A.I. Aieea eeiiiaeo i?aeuai oa ooaiaiooai?thaa/?a ia
?icaeoie ? i?iaeoeoeai?noue iieiaeeo aea?aa yaeoi? // Oace aeii. eiio.
“Iaoeia? iniiae aaaeaiiy n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa Oe?a?ie a no/anieo
oiiaao”.- *aaaie.- 1994.- N.34.

8. Iaeaoaoee A.I. Ae?iuoaaiiy naaeaeaioe?a yaeoi? iaoiaeii ceiiaiai
uaieaiiy // Oace aeii. eiio. “?ioaineai? oaoiieia?? o naae?aieoeoa?
Iaaeaei?no?yiueie oa Ia?aaeea?iaooy Oe?a?ie”.- *a?i?aoe?.- 1995.-
N.75-76.

9. Iaeaoaoee A.I. ??no oa nei?iie?aei?noue aea?aa yaeoi? i?e ??ci?e
aenio? uaieaiiy ia eeiiia? i?aeuaie // Iaoa?. i?aei. eiio. “Iane?aeee
iaoeiaeo iiooe?a iieiaeeo a/aieo-aa?a?iee?a a oiiaao ?aoi?ioaaiiy AIE”.-
*anoeia ??.- *aaaie.- 1996.- N.18.

Iaeaoaoee A.I. Ioe?iea iiaeo eeiiiaeo i?aeuai yaeoi? a ?icnaaeieeo ?
naaeo a oiiaao oeaio?aeueiiai E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie.- ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 06.01.07 –
ieiae?aieoeoai. Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao. Ee?a, 1998.

Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii aea/aiith iiaeo eeiiiaeo i?aeuai yaeoi? a
?icnaaeieeo ? iieiaeiio naaeo. Aeaii ioe?ieo i?aeuaiai ca aeoiaeii
naaeaeaioe?a, anoaiiaeaii aeiiii?/io aoaeoeai?noue canoinoaaiiy i?aeuai
o ?icnaaeieeo. Aecia/aii nooi?iue ii?icino?eeino? ei?aiaai? nenoaie
eeiiiaeo i?aeuai. Aea/aiee aieea iiaeo i?aeuai ia ??no ei?aiaai? oa
iaaecaiii? /anoei aea?aa yaeoi?, ia ?o oaeaeeiie?aei?noue oa
i?iaeoeoeai?noue. Aeyaeaii, ui i?e ca?eueoaii? aenioe uaieaiiy aei 60 ni
ia eeiiia? i?aeuaie iineaaeth?oueny ??no aea?aa, i?enei?th?oueny anooi
?o a ieiaeiiioaiiy, ca?eueoo?oueny ieoiia i?iaeoeoeai?noue.

Ca eiiieaenii iciae a ?icnaaeieeo oa naaeo aeae?eai? ?
?aeiiaiaeothoueny aeey ae?iaie/i? ia?aa??ee i?aeuaie yaeoi? naeaeoe??
?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI ?N1-9 oa ?N2-7, ? aiie ae ye
ooaiaiooai?thaa/?.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: yaeoiy, eeiiia? i?aeuaie, ooaiaiooai?thaa/?,
?icnaaeiee, naae.

Iaeaoaoue A.I. Ioeaiea iiauo eeiiiauo iiaeaiaa yaeiie a ieoiiieea e
naaeo a oneiaeyo oeaio?aeueiie Eaninoaie Oe?aeiu.- ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 06.01.07 – ieiaeiaiaenoai.
Iaoeeiiaeueiue aa?a?iue oieaa?neoao. Eeaa, 1998.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia eco/aieth iiauo eeiiiauo iiaeaiaa yaeiie a
ieoiiieea e iieiaeii naaeo. Aeaia ioeaiea iiaeaiyi ii auoiaeo
naaeaioeaa, onoaiiaeaia yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue i?eiaiaiey iiaeaiaa
a ieoiiieea. Ii?aaeaeaia noaiaiue ii?icionoie/eainoe ei?iaaie nenoaiu
eeiiiauo iiaeaiaa. Eco/aii aeeyiea iiauo iiaeaiaa ia ?ino ei?iaaie e
iaaecaiiie /anoae aea?aaueaa yaeiie, ia eo nei?iieiaeiinoue e
i?iaeoeoeaiinoue. Iaia?oaeaii, /oi i?e oaaee/aiee auniou i?eaeaee aei 60
ni ia eeiiiaua iiaeaie ineaaeyaony ?ino aea?aaueaa, onei?yaony eo
anooieaiea a ieiaeiiioaiea, oaaee/eaaaony oaeaeueiay i?iaeoeoeaiinoue.

Ii eiiieaeno i?eciaeia a ieoiiieea e naaeo auaeaeaiu e ?aeiiaiaeothony
aeey i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?iaa?ee iiaeaie yaeiie naeaeoeee Einoeoooa
naaeiaiaenoaa OAAI ?N1-9 e ?N2-7, e iie aea eae ooaiaiia?aciaaoaee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: yaeiiy, eeiiiaua iiaeaie, ooaiaiia?aciaaoaee,
ieoiiiee, naae.

Pelechaty V.M. – The estimation of the new clonal rootstocks of an
apple-tree in the nursery and in the orchard on the condition of the
Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine. – Manuscript.

The thesis submitted for a candidates degree (PH.D) of agricultural
sciences on the speciality – 06.01.07 – fruit growing. National Agrarian
University, Kiev, 1998.

The dissertation devoded to the researches of a new clonal rootstocks
of an apple-tree in an nursery and in an young orchard. An evaluation
was made to the rootstocks according to the exits of the seedlings. An
estimation was conducted on the economical effectiveness of the usage of
the rootstocks in the nursery. The degree of the frostresistance of the
root system of the clonal rootstocks was determened. The enfluence of
new rootstocks on the growth of the root and above-ground parts of the
apple-trees, on their early maturity and productivity was learned. It
was found out that under the increasing of the height of the rootstocks
up to 60 cm on the clonal rootstock, the growth of the trees is reduced
the entering them into the stage of the fruit producing is hastened,
their propotional productivity is increasing.

By the complex of indication in the nursery and orchard are picked out
and recommended for the industrial testing the rootstocks of the
apple-tree of the Institute of Horticulture UAAS’s selection, IC1-9 and
IC2-7, they also are trunk formulation.

The key words: apple-tree, clonal rootstocks, trunk formulation,
nursery, orchard.

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