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Регулювання відтворення і реформування виробничого апарату: Автореф. дис… д-ра екон. наук / О.Ю. Рудченко, Н.-д. екон. ін-т М-ва економіки України.

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IAOEIAI-AeINE?AeIEE AEIIII?*IEE ?INOEOOO

I?IAEIIII?EE OE?A?IE

OAeE 33.338, 658.115

?oae/aiei Ieaenaiae? TH??eiae/

?AAOETHAAIIss A?AeOAI?AIIss ? ?AOI?IOAAIIss

AE?IAIE*IAI AIA?AOO

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 08.02.03. – I?aai?caoe?y oi?aae?iiy, ieaioaaiiy

? ?aaoethaaiiy aeiiii?eith

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1998Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioo aeeiiaii a Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiio aeiiii?/iiio ?inoeooo? (IAeA?)
I?i?noa?noaa aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie (i.Ee?a).

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio – aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Aan?ae?i Aaneeue Oaaei?iae/

IAeA? I?iaeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie,

canooiiee aee?aeoi?a (i.Ee?a)

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

1. Aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, /eai-ei?aniiiaeaio IAI Oe?a?ie,
Ai?iaethe Aieiaeeie? Ieoaeeiae/,

?aooieiaa iaeaoa Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie, ?aaeiee (i.Ee?a)

2. Aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Aieueoeaa?a Iaen Aa?aiiae/,

I?aeia?iaeiee ?inoeooo iaiaaeaeiaioo, canooiiee aee?aeoi?a (i.Ee?a)

3. Aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

sseiaee Aa??? Ee?eeiae/,

Iaoe?iiaeueiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao Oe?a?ie “EI?”,

aeeeaaea/ (i.Ee?a)

I?ia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y: ?inoeooo aeiiii?ee IAI Oe?a?ie,

a?aeae?e oai?aoe/ieo i?iaeai
?aaoethaaiiy

aeiiii?ee (i. Ee?a)

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 22 a?oaeiy 1998 ?. i 14.30 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? A/aii? ?aaee Ae.26.801.01 ii caoenoo aeena?oaoe?e ia
caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a aeiiii?/ieo iaoe i?e
Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiio aeiiii?/iiio ?inoeooo? I?i?noa?noaa aeiiii?ee
Oe?a?ie oa Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai ?inoeoooo nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo
i?iaeai i.Ee?aa (252601, INI, Ee?a-103, aoeueaa? Ae?oaeae ia?iae?a, 28,
5 iiaa?o, cae can?aeaiue).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? IAeA? I?iaeiiii?ee
Oe?a?ie.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii 20 eenoiiaaea 1998 ?.

O/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? A/aii? ?aaee

aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee

ni?a?ia?oiee
A.A.Aaceethe

1. CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

I?iaeaia ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo ? eiai
?aoi?ioaaiiy ia? aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy aeey iiaeieaiiy e?eciaeo yaeu a
aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie, caaacia/aiiy aeiiii?/iiai c?inoaiiy. Iiiyooy
“ae?iaie/ee aia?ao” aecia/a?oueny ye nenoaiia nioe?aeueii i?aai?ciaaia
noeoii?noue cania?a i?aoe?. I?e eiai ioe?ioe?, ye i?aaeei, iia?othoue
oaeeie aeiiii?/ieie eaoaai??yie ye iniiai? ae?iaie/? oiiaee (IAO) ?
ae?iaie/? iiooaeiino?, a i?e oa?aeoa?enoeoe? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo
aniaeo?a aeei?enoiaothoue oa?aeoa?enoeee ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?iai/i? neee.

?ic?iaoe? oai?aoe/ieo, iaoiaee/ieo ? i?aeoe/ieo ieoaiue a?aeoai?aiiy ?
?aoi?ioaaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo, caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa
i?enay/ai? i?aoe? oaeeo a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo ye Aaaee?ia
E.A., Ai?oeii? I.A., Aaae/a A.I., Aaaeaea TH.I., Aaiaeo?a N.?.,
Aan?ae?ia A.O., Aieoia?o?iiai? I.TH., Aiiaea? ?.E., Ai?iaethea A.I.,
Aa?oea A.I., Aa?anei/oea I.N., Aieueoeaa?aa I.A., Aeie?oiueiai I.?.,
Aei?iaoioeiaa N.?., ?iaeueyiiaa I.N., Eiaaeueiaa I.O., E?aniiaa TH.I.,
Eiiiiaiea A.?., Eo?eieiaa TH.A., Eooeaiea I.A., Eoe?iiaa ?.?., Iaeiea?ia
A.?., Ia?e?ia ?.I., Iaeaeueiiiaa A.N., Ii?e??iea A.A., Iaianthea ss.A.,
Ieee A.?., Noiey?iaa A.O., Oeea?/ea I.I., *oia/aiea I.A., Oaeaiei I.A.,
Oaa/oea A.ss., sseiaiai A.E., sseoaianueeiai I.I. oa ?ioeo.

?acii c oei c iiceoe?e eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo aei i?ioeano ae?iaieoeoaa,
ioe?iee ?ioaa?aoe?? eiai oaeoi??a aeioe?eueii ?icaeyaeaoe ae?iaie/ee
aia?ao ye nenoaio ?iai/eo i?noeue. Ia iao iiaeyae, naia eaoaai??th
“?iai/a i?noea” ne?ae aecia/aoe ye ia?aeiiee no?oeoo?iee aeaiaio
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo, a IAO ? eeoa iaoo?aeueii-?a/iaei ci?noii nenoaie
?iai/eo i?noeue.

I?iaaaeaiiy aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy coiiaeaia iaiao?aei?noth iiaeaeueoiai
?icaeoeo oai??? noni?eueiiai a?aeoai?aiiy, ?ic?iaee iaoiaeieia?/ieo ?
iaoiaee/ieo ieoaiue ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo a
oiiaao ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei c iiceoe?e oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue, eiai iiiaeaiiy, i?aeaeuaiiy oaoi?/iiai ??aiy,
caaacia/aiiy caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa.

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Ioe?iea oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo ? iaoiaee/ieo
ieoaiue a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo na?ae/eoue, ui, ii-ia?oa, aei
inoaiiueiai /ano a aeine?aeaeaiiyo iaiaaeothoueny ?icaeyaeaiiyi eeoa
a?aeoai?aiiyi IAO, ui ia aeicaiey? iiaiith i??ith ae??ooaaoe
aeooaeuei? ieoaiiy aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo; ii-ae?oaa, eaoaai??th “?iai/a
i?noea” aeei?enoiaothoue eeoa ia i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio ??ai? (aieiaiei /eiii
i?e ?o aoanoaoe?? ? ?aoe?iiae?caoe??), ia i?eae?eyth/e iaeaaeii? oaaae
?iaanoeoe?eiei aniaeoai i?iaeaie a?aeoai?aiiy, aac /iai iaiiaeeeai
iaa?oioiaaii ?aaoethaaoe oe? i?ioeane. E??i oiai, oi?ioaaiiy a Oe?a?i?
nioe?aeueii i???ioiaaii? ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee ni?aiaei a /an? ?c
caaino?aiiyi e?eciaeo yaeu, ui iaea?eueoith i??ith oi?eioeiny
?iaanoeoe?eieo aniaeo?a a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo. Ii?ooaiiy
i?iii?oe?e a?aeoai?aiiy i?ecaaei aei eiai aeaa?aaeaoe??, cieaeaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy, c?inoaiiy i?eoiaaiiai ? oaeoe/iiai
aac?ia?ooy. Ana oea ciooo? aeciaoe i?iaeaio a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai
aia?aoo ye iaeio c iaeaaaeeea?oeo aeey aeiiii?/ii? aaciaee Oe?a?ie.

?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo aaciina?aaeiuei iia’ycaia
c ?inoeoooe?iiaeueieie ia?aoai?aiiyie, ia?o ca ana ?aoi?ioaaiiyi
a?aeiinei aeaniino?. Naia a?ae oiai, yeith i??ith a i?ioean?
i?eaaoecaoe?? aaeanoueny caaacia/eoe ia ??ai? ?iai/iai i?noey aeinoaoith
iioeaaoe?th aei i?aoe?, caeo/aiiy ?iaanoeoe?e ia eiai oaoi?/ia iiiaeaiiy
oa aoaeoeaia ooieoe?iioaaiiy, caeaaeeoue oni?o ?aoi?ioaaiiy ia o?eueee
a?aeiinei aeaniino?, aea e acaaae? ?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue ? iiaeieaiiy
e?eciaeo yaeu a aeiiii?oe?.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. A iniiao
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iieeaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue,
i?iaaaeaieo aaoi?ii i?e aeeiiaii? iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o IAeA?
I?iaeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie ca ia??iae c 1979 ii 1998 ??., iniiaieie c yeeo ?:
“Ipiaeaiu iiauoaiey yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee e
iniiaiuo oiiaeia. Enneaaeiaaiea nopoeoopu eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee n
iiceoeee iioeiecaoeee ainipiecaiaenoaa e iapaaiipoaeaiey iniiaiuo
oiiaeia e paai/eo iano a iapiaeiii oicyenoaa” (1985, ? aea?ae?a?no?aoe??
810869985); “Niaapoainoaiaaiea iaoiaeieiaee e iaoiaeia ieaiepiaaiey
paai/eo iano eiiopaaiinoe a paai/ae neea a nithciie panioaeeea.
Iaoiaee/aneea iiaeoiaeu naaeainepiaaiiiai ieaiepiaaiey paai/eo iano n
iniiaiuie oiiaeaie, eaieoaeueiuie aeiaeaieyie e panopnaie opoaea
panioaeeee” (1988, ?01870065389); “A?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo a
oiiaao cae?eniaiiy ?icaea?aeaaeaiiy ? i?eaaoecaoe?? aeaniino?”
(1993, ? 0194U005236); “Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? i?iaeaie o/ano?
i?aoe?aiee?a i?aei?e?inoa o i?eaaoecaoe??” (1996, ? 0195U028760);
“Iaoiaee/ia caaacia/aiiy oa ioe?iea nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo
iane?aee?a i?eaaoecaoe??” (1996, ? 0196U006694);

“?ic?iaea iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e ii a?aeoai?aiith
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo i?iieneiaino? a oiiaao ?inoeoooe?iiaeueieo
ia?aoai?aiue a aeiiii?oe?” (1997, ? 0197U005349); “?ic?iaea
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei ii?yaeeo ia?aaea/? aei aea?aeaaii? aeaniino? /anoee
(ia?a, aeoe?e) noaoooiiai oiiaeo noa’?eo?a iaaea?aeaaii? aeaniino? a
?ac? io?eiiiy ieie a?aeiia?aeieo ianya?a athaeaeaoieo eai?oaeueieo
aeeaaeaiue” (1998, ?0198U004360); “Aiae?c oa ioe?iea noaio iniiaieo
oiiae?a i?aei?e?inoa ? i?aai?caoe?e on?o oi?i aeaniino?, ci?ie ?o
aa?oino? o ii??aiyii? c oaiiaie ?ioeyoe?? a 1991-1997 ?ieao” (1998, ?
0198U004359).

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ?ic?iaea
eiiieaeno oai?aoe/ieo, iaoiaeieia?/ieo, iaoiaee/ieo ? i?aeoe/ieo
aniaeo?a i?iaeaie ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo (c
iiceoe?e aca?iiocaiaeaeaiiai ?icaeyaeo i?ioean?a oi?ioaaiiy ?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue, IAO, ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae,
caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa), a oaeiae eiai ?aoi?ioaaiiy aeey
aaeaioaoe?? ? aoaeoeaiiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei, ui a oe?eiio aeicaiey? io?eiaoe iia? iaoeiai iaa?oioiaai?
?ic?iaee a oe?e noa?? ? caaacia/eoe ?ica’ycaiiy oe??? aaaeeeai?
ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeaie.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy cacia/aii? iaoe a aeena?oaoe?? iinoaaeai? oa ae??oai?
oae? caaaeaiiy:

– ?ic?iaea oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo aniaeo?a a?aeoai?aiiy ?
?aoi?ioaaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo ye nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue, ?o
ocaiaeaeaiiy ?c cae?eniaiiyi ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino? ? ?ooii ?iai/i?
neee c o?aooaaiiyi iaiao?aeiino? caaacia/aiiy aaeaioaoe?? oa aoaeoeaiiai
ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei;

– ooi/iaiiy nooiino? eaoaai??e “ae?iaie/ee aia?ao” ? “?iai/a i?noea” ye
eiai no?oeoo?ii? iaeeieoe? , ui noai?th? ia?aaeoiiae aeey eiiieaeniiai
?icaeyaeaiiy i?ioean?a a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo;

– ?ic?iaea nenoaie iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e, ni?yiiaaieo ia
caaacia/aiiy aecia/aiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue, ioe?iee ?o
oaoieei-aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a ? caaeainiaaiino? c ?iai/ith neeith, a
oaeiae neeaaeaiiy aca?iiocaiaeaeaieo aaeain?a, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue ??ci?
aniaeoe a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo;

– aecia/aiiy i?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/ieo aniaeo?a ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei
aeaniino?; ?ic?iaea iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e noiniaii ioe?iee
cae?eniaiiy i?eaaoecaoe?? ? ?? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo iane?aee?a;

– ioe?iea i?ioeano a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo i?iieneiaino?
Oe?a?ie o 1966-1997 ??. c iiceoe?e ?iai/eo i?noeue, IAO, ae?iaie/eo
iiooaeiinoae, ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?, a oaeiae caaeainiaaiino?
oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa;

– ioe?iea i?ioeano ?aoi?ioaaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo c iiceoe?e
ni?yiiaaiino? aeiiii?/ieo ia?aoai?aiue ia caaacia/aiiy aoaeoeaiino?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa;

– i?iaiicoaaiiy oaiaeaioe?e a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
i?iieneiaino? c o?aooaaiiyi eiai ?aoi?ioaaiiy, a oaeiae iaiao?aeiino?
aeoea?caoe?? iiiaeaieo ?iai/eo i?noeue, i?aeaeuaiiy ?o oaoi?/iiai ??aiy;

– ?ic?iaea iaoai?cio ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue
ia iae?i- ? i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio ??aiyo aeoiaey/e c iaa?oioiaaieo
iaoiaeieia?/ieo canaae;

– oaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy IAO ? ae?iaie/eo
iiooaeiinoae, i?iaaaeaiiy aii?oecaoe?eii? iie?oeee, ?aoi?ioaaiiy
a?aeiinei aeaniino?;

– ?ic?iaea i?iiiceoe?e uiaei no?aoaa?? ?aoi?ioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa aeey
?icoe?aiiy aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a ye oaeoi?a i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo.

I?aaeiao oa ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ? ?aoi?ioaaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo a oiiaao
ia?ao?aeiiai aoaio aei ?eieiai? iiaeae? aeiiii?ee. Ia’?eoii
aeine?aeaeaiiy aea?aia i?iieneia?noue. A?aoiaoth/e oa, ui a?eueo?noue
?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue ia? caaaeueiee oa?aeoa?, ?o iiaeia iioe?eoe
ia ?io? aaeoc? ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa, a oaeiae ia ?aa?iiaeueiee
??aaiue. Oiio eiiieaenia ?o aeine?aeaeaiiy ia? oai?aoe/ia,
iaoiaeieia?/ia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy aeey iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo ?
aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio ?aaoethaaiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo
a ia??iae noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei.

Oai?aoe/ii-iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iieiaeaiiy
no/anii? ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee, eiioeaioe?? oa caeiiii??iino? ??
ia?aoiaeiiai aoaio, a oaeiae ocaaaeueiaiiy ?iicaiiiai oa a?o/eciyiiai
aeina?aeo ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe??, caeiiiaeaa/? ?
ii?iaoeaii-?ino?oeoeai? aeieoiaioe c ieoaiue a?aeoai?aiiy ? ?aoi?ioaaiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo.

A aeine?aeaeaii? aeei?enoaii iaoiaee nenoaiiiai oa oaeoi?iiai aiae?co,
aeiiii?ei-noaoenoe/iee, i?ia?aiii-oe?eueiaee, aenia?oiee i?aeoiaee.

A i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeei?enoaii oaeiae iaoa??aee Aea?aeaaiiai
eii?oaoo ii noaoenoeoe?, I?iaeiiii?ee, Oiiaeo aea?aeaaiiai iaeia,
I?i?noa?noaa o?iain?a, Aioeiiiiiieueiiai eii?oaoo, Aea?aeaaii? eii?n?? c
oe?iieo iaia??a ? oiiaeiaiai ?eieo, ie?aieo i?iieneiaeo i?aei?e?inoa,
?ic?iaee Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai aeiiii?/iiai ?inoeoooo I?i?noa?noaa
aeiiii?ee, ?inoeoooo aeiiii?ee IAI Oe?a?ie, iaoeiaeo aeiiii?/ieo
aeaeaiue oa ?io?.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy
io?eiaii oae? iaoeiai iaa?oioiaai? ?acoeueoaoe, ye? caaacia/othoue
?ica’ycaiiy aaaeeeai? ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeaie ?aaoethaaiiy
a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo ? eiai ?aoi?ioaaiiy.

A oai??? aeiiii?/ii? iaoee:

– ?ic?iaeaii oai?aoe/i? ieoaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo (ye
nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue, IAO, ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae), ui aeicaiey?
caaacia/eoe eiiieaeniee i?aeo?ae aei eiai ?aaoethaaiiy, a oaeiae
ocaiaeaeoaaoe c i?ioeanaie caaacia/aiiy caeiyoino? ianaeaiiy;

– ooi/iaii oi?ioeo e?oaiiai?ioo eai?oaeo c oi/ee ci?o aeeth/aiiy aei ia?
ooieoe?iioth/iai ?iai/iai i?noey, aea cae?enith?oueny ?ioaa?aoe?y
oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa ? caaaeyee /iio oiaa?iee eai?oae ia?aoai?th?oueny
o i?iaeoeoeaiee;

– ooi/iaii nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/io nooi?noue eaoaai??e “ae?iaie/ee
aia?ao” (ye nenoaio ?iai/eo i?noeue, iniauaieo i?aai?caoe?eii ?
oaoiieia?/ii ia’?aeiaieie caniaaie i?aoe?, caeaoieo caaacia/oaaoe
ae?iaieoeoai i?iaeoeoe??) ? “?iai/a i?noea” ye eiai ia?aeiiee
no?oeoo?iee aeaiaio. Inoaiiy eaoaai??y aecia/a?oueny aeoiaey/e c
ooieoe?iiaeueiiai ?iciiae?eo i?aoe? ? iniauaiino? i?aoe?aiee?a caniaaie
i?aoe?, ui aeicaiey? caaacia/eoe iae?iaeiiii?/ia ?aaoethaaiiy
a?aeoai?thaaeueieo i?ioean?a, a ia i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio ??ai? – aeinyaiaiiy
/?oei? oa’ycee ? caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa. Ia oe?e iniia?
?ic?iaeaii eeaneo?eaoe?th ?iai/eo i?noeue, oaeineiiaeaii aecia/aiiy
oa?aeoa?ieo iciae ??cieo aeae?a ?iai/eo i?noeue ? cae?eniaii ?ic?aooiie
?o oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a;

– ?ic?iaeaii iiiyo?eiee aia?ao uiaei aecia/aiiy iieaciee?a ?ooo ?iai/eo
i?noeue aeoiaey/e ?c cae?eniaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eieo ?
i?aai?caoe??eii-oaoi?/ieo caoiae?a, oaiaeo aai aeaoooy iniiaieo oiiae?a
(IO), ?ooo ?iai/i? neee, ui aea? ciiao iiaeaethaaoe ??ciiiai?oi? aniaeoe
i?ioeano a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo;

– oaeineiiaeaii oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
?iai/eo i?noeue, aecia/aiiy i?iii?oe?e a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
(aeoiaey/e c na?aaeiuei? aa?oino? ?iai/iai i?noey, ui oaiaeeoueny ?
aeaoaa?), ui ia a?aei?io a?ae ?nioth/eo i?aeoiae?a aeicaiey? a?eueo
iaa?oioiaaii ?o ioe?ithaaoe;

– iaa?oioiaaii oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy uiaei ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei
aeaniino?, ui aeicaiey? oaeineiiaeeoe iaoai?ci i?eaaoecaoe?? c iiceoe?e
i???ioaoe?? ia i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ae?iaieoeoaa, aaeaioaoe??
i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa aei oiia ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee (oeyoii
oi?ioaaiiy aaeaino ?ioa?an?a i?ae i?aoe?aieeaie, iaiaaeaeiaioii ?
aeanieeaie, a oaeiae i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy iioeaaoe?? aei i?aoe? ca ?aooiie
?icoe?aiiy aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a).

A iaoiaeieia?? ? iaoiaee/iiio caaacia/aii?:

– aaeineiiaeaii iaoiaeieia?th ?aaoethaaiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai
?icaeoeo oeyoii aeeth/aiiy iieacieea “?iai/a i?noea” aei nenoaie
iniiaieo iieaciee?a, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue iaeaaaeeea?o?
ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nuee? i?iii?oe??;

– aaeineiiaeaii nenoaio iieaciee?a, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue
caaeainiaai?noue ?iai/eo i?noeue ? ?iai/i? neee (c aecia/aiiyi ??aiy ?
nooiaiy caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa aeoiaey/e ?c cia/aiiy
eiao?oe??ioo ci?iiino?, ieoiii? aaae aaeaioieo ? iaaeeeoeiaeo ?iai/eo
i?noeue), ui aeicaiey? ia a?aei?io a?ae ae?th/eo i?aeoiae?a a?eueo
a?oioiaii ioe?ithaaoe oe? i?iii?oe?? ? noai?eoe ia?aaeoiiae aeey ?o
?aaoethaaiiy ;

– ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee ? iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
aca?iiocaiaeaeaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy ia iae?i- ? i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio ??ai?
a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo, a iniiao yeeo iieeaaeaii neeaaeaiiy
nenoaie aaeain?a, cie?aia oeyoii ?ic?iaee aaeaino ?iai/eo i?noeue ? IO,
a oaeiae ni?eueiiai aaeaino ?iai/eo i?noeue, ?iai/i? neee, IO ?
eai?oaeueieo aeeaaeaiue; aecia/aiiy a?aeoai?thaaeueii? no?oeoo?e
eai?oaeueieo aeeaaeaiue aeoiaey/e ?c i?e?inoo /e iiiaeaiiy ?iai/eo
i?noeue;

– ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? noiniaii iae?eo ?iai/eo i?noeue,
ye? a?oioothoueny ia aecia/aii? iniaeeainoae ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo ?iai/eo
i?noeue, niaoeeo?ee ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy, a ?o aeei?enoaiiy aeicaiey?
caaacia/eoe ia?aaeoiiae iae?iaeiiii?/iiai ?aaoethaaiiy
a?aeoai?thaaeueieo i?ioean?a;

– aaeineiiaeaii eiioeaiooaeuei? canaaee ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei
aeaniino? c iiceoe?e caaacia/aiiy aeiia aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa ia iniia? oi?ioaaiiy aaeaino ?ioa?an?a
noa’?eo?a ainiiaea?thaaiiy, caeo/aiiy ?iaanoeoe?e ia iiiaeaiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo;

– cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei ?ic?iaee aaeocaaeo
i?ia?ai i?eaaoecaoe??, a iniiao yeeo iieeaaeaii a?aooaaiiy iniaeeainoae
ia’?eo?a i?eaaoecaoe??, ui aeicaiey? ia aaeocaaiio ??ai? a?eueo
a?oioiaii ? eiiieaenii cae?enithaaoe ?eieia? ia?aoai?aiiy;

– ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? noiniaii ioe?iee cae?eniaiiy
i?eaaoecaoe?? oa ?? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo iane?aee?a aeoiaey/e c
ae?th/i? noaoenoe/ii? ca?oiino?, ?ioi?iaoe?eii? aace i?aai?a
i?eaaoecaoe??, a oaeiae niaoe?aeueiiai aeaieo ianoaaeaiiy, ui aeicaiey?
ia a?aei?io a?ae ae?th/eo iaoiaeee ioe?ieoe i?ioeane ?aae?caoe??
i?iaeaeea?iaaieo iaeiiaeo i?aa a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie, i?inoaaeeoe
aoaeoeai?noue ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa aei ? i?ney i?eaaoecaoe??,
iaa?oiooaaoe i?iiiceoe?? uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio i?eaaoecaoe??;

– i?aeaioiaeaii i?iiiceoe?? uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio i?eaaoecaoe??
a iai?yieo ocaiaeaeaiiy ?? c aeoea?caoe??th ?iaanoeoe?eieo i?ioean?a,
iiiaeaiiyi ae?iaieoeoaa, oi?ioaaiiyi iiaeo i?aai?caoe?eieo no?oeoo?
(oeia oieaeeiaiaeo eiiiai?e, IOA), caaacia/aiiyi aoaeoeaiiai
ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa, i?aeaeuaiiyi ??aiy
ea?iaaiino? /anoeaie aea?aeaaiiai iaeia;

– ?ic?iaeaii i?iiiceoe?? noiniaii ?aae?caoe?? iaeiiaeo ?ioa?an?a
i?aoe?aiee?a i?aei?e?inoa, iniaeea?noth yeeo ? i???ioaoe?y ia
caaacia/aiiy i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy ae?iaie/iai
aia?aoo, iioeaaoe?? aei i?aoe?; cai?iiiiiaaii no?aoaa?th ia?aoai?aiiy
i?aei?e?inoa aeey ?icoe?aiiy aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a, iaoiaeeeo
ia?nii?o?eaoe?? aeaniino? i?aiaeiiai eieaeoeao oa aeeoio aea?aeaaiiai
iaeia.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui aiie
aeei?enoai? i?e ?ic?iaoe? iaoai?cio ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo, caaacia/aiiy caaeainiaaiino? ?iai/eo i?noeue ?
?iai/i? neee, a oaeiae ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino?: I?i?noa?noaii
aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie (aeia?aeea ? 14-20/404 a?ae 14.10.98 ), IAeA?
I?iaeiiii?ee (? A? 1707 a?ae 08.10.98); Oiiaeii aea?aeaaiiai iaeia
Oe?a?ie ( ? 10-21-12378 a?ae 20.12.97 ?.); Niaoe?aeueiith eiio?ieueiith
eii?n??th c ieoaiue i?eaaoecaoe?? Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie (? 06-24/15-99
a?ae 14.01.98?.); I?i?noa?noaii i?aoe? oa nioe?aeueii? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie
(?21-1275 a?ae 31.03.98 ?.); Aea?aeaaiei oeaio?ii caeiyoino?
I?i?noa?noaa i?aoe? oa nioe?aeueii? iie?oeee (? AeOe-09-422 a?ae
16.03.98 ?.); Aea?aeaaiei eii?oaoii noaoenoeee Oe?a?ie (?05/1-8/339 a?ae
29.12.97); I?iiaoi?iiii Oe?a?ie (? 01/5-1-334 a?ae 06.06.97); Aieiaiei
oi?aae?iiyi aeiiii?ee oa i?iieneiaino? ?aaii-O?aie?anueei? iaeanii?
aea?aeaaii? aaei?i?no?aoe?? (? 14/17-188 a?ae 10.03.98); CAO “*eiaa?” (?
558 a?ae 12.05.98).

E??i oiai, ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e
aaeineiiaeaii? aii?oecaoe?eii? iie?oeee, ?ic?iaoe? no?aoaa?? ?
cae?eniaii? i?eaaoecaoe?? no?aoaa?/ii aaaeeeaeo ia’?eo?a ia?iaeiiai
ainiiaea?noaa, iaa?oiooaaii? iai?yie?a noai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue,
?ic?iaoe? i?ia?ai nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo ?aa?ii?a.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? o oiio, ui eiio iaeaaeaoue
aeeeaaeai? a aeena?oaoe?? oae? ?aea? aai ?ic?iaee:

– ?ic?iaea oai?aoe/ieo ? iaoiaeieia?/ieo iieiaeaiue uiaei a?aeoai?aiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo ye nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue;

– aecia/aiiy eaoaai??e “ae?iaie/ee aia?ao” ? “?iai/a i?noea” (aeoiaey/e
c ooieoe?iiaeueiiai ?iciiae?eo i?aoe? ? iniauaiino? i?aoe?aiee?a
caniaaie i?aoe?);

– aaeineiiaeaiiy eiioeaiooaeueieo iieiaeaiue noiniaii ?aoi?ioaaiiy
a?aeiinei aeaniino? c iiceoe?e aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa, caaacia/aiiy aeiia iiiaeaiiy ae?iaie/iai
aia?aoo;

– ?ic?iaea eeaneo?eaoe?? ? a?oioaaiue ?iai/eo i?noeue oa i?aeoiaee aei
?o iae?eo;

– iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? noiniaii ?ic?iaee aca?iiocaiaeaeaii? nenoaie
aaeain?a ye iniiae ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo;

– ?ic?iaea ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e c ioe?iee caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a
ae?iaieoeoaa;

– iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? c ioe?iee nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo iane?aee?a
i?eaaoecaoe??, ?ic?iaea aeaieo ianoaaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
i?aei?e?inoa aei ? i?ney i?eaaoecaoe??;

– aiae?c oi?ioaaiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue oa ?o caaeainiaaiino? c ?iai/ith
neeith a i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie; aecia/aiiy no?oeoo?e ?
oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a ?iai/eo i?noeue; i?ioean?a ?aoi?ioaaiiy
a?aeiinei aeaniino?;

– ioe?iea aii?oecaoe?eii? iie?oeee oa i?iiiceoe?? noiniaii ??
aaeineiiaeaiiy;

– ?ic?iaea i?iiiceoe?? uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio i?eaaoecaoe??,
aaeineiiaeaiiy eeaneo?eaoi??a oi?i aeaniino? oa i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo
oi?i ainiiaea?thaaiiy;

– i?iiiceoe?? uiaei ?aae?caoe?? iaeiiaeo ?ioa?an?a i?aoe?aiee?a
i?aei?e?inoa oa i?aeaeuaiiy ?o iioeaaoe?? aei i?aoe?;

– no?aoaa?y ?aoi?ioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa aeey ?icoe?aiiy aeaniino?
i?aoe?aiee?a, iaoiaeeea ia?nii?o?eaoe?? aeaniino? i?aiaeiiai eieaeoeao
oa iaoai?cio aeeoio /anoee aea?aeaaii? aeaniino?;

– i?iaiic a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo a i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie a
1998-2000 ??.

?io? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe, ui iathoue iaoeiao iiaecio,
?ic?iaeaii ?acii c aeeiiaaoeyie a?aeiia?aeieo iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ?
ni?aaaoi?aie iaoeiaeo i?aoeue. O iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo, ui cacia/ai? ye
iniiai? ioae?eaoe?? ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeaeaiue (aeea.n.29-31
aaoi?aoa?aoo) ? aeeiiai? a ni?aaaoi?noa?, aaoi?o aeena?oaoe??
iaeaaeaoue: a ?iaioao 4-7, 10-12, 15-19 – i?aeoiaee oa ?aea? uiaei
?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue, ?ic?iaee nenoaie
aca?iiocaiaeaeaieo aaeain?a, iae?eo ?iai/eo i?noeue, ioe?iee ?o
oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa caaeainiaaiino? c ?iai/ith neeith; a
?iaioao 3, 8,9,13,14,20-26 – i?aeoiaee oa ?aea? uiaei aecia/aiiy
eiioeaiooaeueieo ? iaoiaee/ieo iieiaeaiue a?aeiinii ?aoi?ioaaiiy
a?aeiinei aeaniino?, ioe?iea oiaeo i?eaaoecaoe?? ? ??
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? iane?aeee, i?iiiceoe?? uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy
iaoai?cio i?eaaoecaoe??, ?icoe?aiiy aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue
ii?eethaeiaii ca o/ano? a iiiaae 30 iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo, nai?ia?ao,
iniiaieie c yeeo ?: ?anioae?eainueea eiioa?aioe?y “Ipiaeaiu
niaapoainoaiaaiey ainipiecaiaenoaa iniiaiuo oiiaeia ia niapaiaiiii
yoaia” (Ee?a, 1985); ?anioae?eainueea iaoeiai-oaoi?/ia eiioa?aioe?y
“Yeiiiie/aneea ipiaeaiu naaeainepiaaiiinoe paai/eo iano n panopnaie
opoaea” (Ee?a, 1987); ?anioae?eainueea iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ia eiioa?aioe?y
“Nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea ipiaeaiu opoaeinaapaaeaiey a iiauo oneiaeyo
oicyenoaiaaiey” (Oa?iii?eue, 1990); ?anioae?eainueea iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ia
eiioa?aioe?y “Ipiaeaiu pacainoaeapnoaeaiey e ipeaaoecaoeee
nianoaaiiinoe” (Ee?a, 1991); ?anioae?eainueeee nai?ia? “Oipiepiaaiea
eiaanoeoeeiiiie iieeoeee a oneiaeyo iapaoiaea ia puii/iua ioiioaiey”
(Iaeana, 1991); panioae?eainueea iaoeiai-ipaeoe/ia eiioa?aioe?y “?uiie
opoaea e ipiaeaiu nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey Oepaeiu” (*a?i?aoe?,
1991); i?aeia?iaeia eiioa?aioe?y “I?iaeaiu ia?aoiaea e nioeeaeueii
i?eaioe?iaaiiie ?uii/iie yeiiiieea a iinonioeeaeenoe/aneeo nopaiao”
(Ee?a, 1997).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy c oaie aeena?oaoe?eii?
?iaioe iioae?eiaaii 89 ?ia?o caaaeueiei ianyaii 100,27 ae?oeiaaieo
a?eoo?a, o oiio /ene? 2 ?iaeea?aeoaeuei? iiiia?ao?? (7,75 oa 13,62
ae.a.), 9 eieaeoeaieo iiiia?ao?e, 3 a?ioo?e, 7 iaoiaee/ieo iaoa??ae?a,
33 iaoa??aee ? oace aeiiia?aeae eiioa?aioe?e , 35 noaoae o iaoeiaeo
aeo?iaeao ? ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue. ?c caaaeueiiai ianyao ?ia?o
iniaenoi aaoi?o iaeaaeeoue 53,36 ae.a.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??

?iaioo aeeeaaeaii ia 371 coi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, aiia i?noeoue
49 oaaeeoeue, 5 iaethie?a ? 6 oi?i, neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, oanoe
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae, ui ia?aoiao? 174
iaeiaioaaiiy.

Ca?aeii c iaoith oa caaaeaiiyie aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/eeany oaea
no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe:

Anooi

?icae?e I OAI?AOE*II-IAOIAeIEIA?*I? ? IAOIAeE*I? INIIAE

?AAOETHAAIIss A?AeOAI?AIIss ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo

1.1. Ae?iaie/ee aia?ao ? ?iai/a i?noea ye eiai ia?aeiiee no?oeoo?iee
aeaiaio

1.2. Oai?aoe/iee aniaeo a?aeoai?aiiy nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue

1.3. Iaoiaeieia?/i? ? iaoiaee/i? iniiae ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo

1.4. Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? ? i?aai?caoe?ei? oiiae aoaeoeaiiai
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo

Aeniiaee aei ?icae?eo I

?ICAe?E II IOe?IEA I?IOeANO A?AeOAI?AIIss AE?IAIE*IAI AIA?AOO

2.1. Oi?ioaaiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue ? ?o caaeainiaai?noue c ?iai/ith neeith

2.2. Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? iane?aeee ii?ooaiiy caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a

ae?iaieoeoaa

2.3. Ioe?iea a?aeoai?aiiy iniiaieo ae?iaie/eo oiiae?a ? ae?iaie/eo

iiooaeiinoae

Aeniiaee aei ?icae?eo II

?ICAe?E III IAOAI?CI ?AAOETHAAIIss A?AeOAI?AIIss AE?IAIE*IAI

AIA?AOO

3.1. Iaoiaee/i? i?aeoiaee uiaei ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai

aia?aoo

3.2. ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue ia i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio
??ai?

3.3. ?aa?iiaeueiee ? aaeocaaee aniaeoe ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy nenoaie

?iai/eo i?noeue

3.4. Aaeineiiaeaiiy ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy iniiaieo ae?iaie/eo
oiiae?a

? ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae

Aeniiaee aei ?icae?eo III

?ICAe?E IV OAI?AOE*I? INIIAE ?AOI?IOAAIIss AE?IAIE*IAI

AIA?AOO

4.1. Oai?aoe/i? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aea?aeaaiiai ?

iaaea?aeaaiiai naeoi??a aeiiii?ee

4.2. Ei?ii?aoeai? oi?ie ainiiaea?thaaiiy a ?eieia?e aeiiii?oe?

4.3. Eiioeaiooaeuei? iniiae ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino?

Aeniiaee aei ?icae?eo IV

?ICAe?E V I?AAI?CAOe?EII-IAOIAeE*I? ANIAEOE ?AAOETHAAIIss

I?EAAOECAOe?? OA IOe?IEA ?? CAe?ENIAIIss

5.1. I?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/i? aniaeoe ?aaoethaaiiy i?eaaoecaoe??

5.2. Iaoiaee/i? i?aeoiaee aei ioe?iee cae?eniaiiy i?eaaoecaoe?? oa ??
nioe?aeueii-

aeiiii?/ieo iane?aee?a

5.3. Ioe?iea cae?eniaiiy i?ioean?a i?eaaoecaoe?? oa ??
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo

iane?aee?a

Aeniiaee aei ?icae?eo V

?ICAe?E VI INIIAI? IAI?ssIEE AAeINEIIAEAIIss ?AOI?IOAAIIss

A?AeIINEI AEANIINO? ? IA?NIAEOEAE A?AeOAI?AIIss

AE?IAIE*IAI AIA?AOO

6.1. Aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino?

6.2. ?icoe?aiiy aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a o i?ioean? i?eaaoecaoe?? ye
oaeoi?

i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo

6.3. I?iaiic oaiaeaioe?e a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo i?iieneiaino?

Oe?a?ie a 1998-2000 ??.

Aeniiaee aei ?icae?eo VI

CAAAEUeI? AENIIAEE

2. INIIAI? IIEIAEAIIss AeENA?OAOe?EII? ?IAIOE

2.1 I?e aeine?aeaeaii? oai?aoe/ii-iaoiaeieia?/ieo ? iaoiaee/ieo iniia
?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo iaa?oioiao?oueny
aeioe?euei?noue eiai ?icaeyaeaiiy ye noeoiiino? (nenoaie) ?iai/eo
i?noeue, iniauaieo i?aai?caoe?eii ? oaoiieia?/ii ia’?aeiaieie caniaaie
i?aoe? (IO), caeaoieo (ca iayaiino? ?ioeo oaeoi??a) caaacia/eoe
ae?iaieoeoai i?iaeoeoe?? (aeeiiaiiy ?ia?o, iineoa). I?e oaeiio i?aeoiae?
ia?aeiiei no?oeoo?iei aeaiaioii ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo aecia/a?oueny ?iai/a
i?noea, a cii? yeiai cae?enith?oueny ?ioaa?aoe?y oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa ?
caaaeyee /iio oiaa?iee eai?oae o?ainoi?io?oueny o i?iaeoeoeaiee.

2.2 Eaoaai??y “?iai/a i?noea” aecia/a?oueny c oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo
iiceoe?e aeoiaey/e c ooieoe?iiaeueiiai ?iciiae?eo i?aoe? ? iniauaiino?
i?aoe?aiee?a caniaaie i?aoe?. C oeeo iiceoe?e ?iai/a i?noea i?aoe?aieea
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iayai?noth cae??ieaii? ieiu? /e oaoi?/ieo cania?a aai
?o noeoiiino?, iaiao?aeieo aeey ae?iaieoeoaa i?iaeoeoe??, iaaeaiiy
iineoa, aeeiiaiiy ?ia?o /e anoaiiaeaieo ooieoe?e. Cai?iiiiiaaiee
i?aeo?ae aeicaiey? caaacia/eoe iae?iaeiiii?/ia ?aaoethaaiiy
a?aeoai?thaaeueieo i?ioean?a, a ia i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio ??ai? – aeinyaoe
/?oei? caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa, ? ooi/ieoe aeaye?
iieacieee, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue i?ioean ae?iaieoeoaa, ? ?icoe?eoe ?o
eiei.

2.3 A ?acoeueoao? aeine?aeaeaiue ?ic?iaeaii eeaneo?eaoe?th ?iai/eo
i?noeue a caeaaeiino? a?ae oa?aeoa?ieo iciae. C iiceoe?e
oeiiieaeoiaaiino? ?iai/eo i?noeue i?aoe?aieeaie ?iai/? i?noey ne?ae
eeaneo?eoaaoe ye ooieoe?iioth/?, aaeaioi? (aeoiaey/e c ae?iaie/i?
i?ia?aie /e ieaio), ?aca?ai? ? iaaeeeoeia? (caea?). Iaaiaeyoueny
oa?aeoa?i? iciaee ??cieo aeae?a ?iai/eo i?noeue ia ??ai? i?aei?e?inoaa.

2.4 Aiae?c iniaeeainoae oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a ?iai/iai i?noey
na?ae/eoue i?i oi?aa?naeuei?noue oeueiai iiiyooy ? aeioe?euei?noue eiai
aeei?enoaiiy i?e iiaeaethaaii? ? ?aaoethaaii? ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nueeeo
i?ioean?a. Oea coiiaeaii oei, ui ?iai/a i?noea a caeaaeiino? a?ae
iniaeeainoae ?icaeyaeaiiy i?iyaey?oueny a aeaio iaeaaaeeea?oeo aniaeoao.
Ii-ia?oa, aiii ye oaea yaey? niaith ia?aeiiee aeaiaio ae?iaie/iai
aia?aoo, ui aeicaiey? oa’ycaoe ai?aeeii oae? eiai oa?aeoa?enoeee noaio ?
a?aeoai?aiiy ye ae?iaie/? iiooaeiino?, IAO ? eai?oaeuei? aeeaaeaiiy.
Ii-ae?oaa, ooieoe?iioth/a ?iai/a i?noea, yea oa?aeoa?eco?oueny
iayai?noth i?aai?caoe?eii ? oaoi?/ii ia’?aeiaieo cania?a i?aoe? ?
oeiiieaeoiaaia i?aoe?aieeii, ? ia?aeiiei aeaiaioii ae?iaie/iai
iioaioe?aeo.

2.5 ?iai/a i?noea a aeiiii?/iiio cia/aii? a?eueo ?iia iiiyooy, i?ae IO.
Oaeoe/iith ciiith ?iai/iai i?noey anoaiiaeth?oueny ?ici?? IAO,
iaiao?aeieo aeey i?aai?caoe?? ? cae?eniaiiy i?ioeano ae?iaieoeoaa ?
aieiae?th/eo c oeeo iiceoe?e niiaeea/ith aa?o?noth. Iayai?noue ia
ooieoe?iioth/iio ?iai/iio i?noe? i?aoe?aieea iaaea? iiiyooth “?iai/a
i?noea” nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ci?no. Oeeee a?aeoai?aiiy IAO
cae?enith?oueny a iaaeao oeeeeo a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue, yeeie aiie
iniauai? (iae.1). I?e/iio, oeeee a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue oei
a?eueoith i??ith ia?aaeuoaaoeia oeeee a?aeoai?aiiy IAO, /ei iia?euei?oa
aeey aeaiiiai i?iaeoeoo a?aeaoaaoeiaoueny ci?ia i?eioeeiiaeo
oaoiieia?/ieo nenoai eiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? /ei a?eueoa ? iiaeeeainoae
iiiaeaiiy ca ?aooiie iiaea?i?caoe??.

2.6 A nenoai? ?iai/eo i?noeue ne?ae aeae?eeoe nai???aeia yae?i, ui
oa?aeoa?eco? ?o oaoiieia?/i? iniaeeaino?. Oa?ae oa aeaoooy ?iai/eo
i?noeue cae?eniththoueny ye o iaaeao yae?a nenoaie, oae ? iaaeiei
iueiai a aeiiii?aeieo ae?iaieoeoaao aeey caaacia/aiiy ae?iaie/i?
i?iii?oe?eiino?. Aeaoooy nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue, ui neeaaeathoue ??
yae?i, coiiaeaia i?eioeeiiaith ci?iith oaoiieia?/iiai i?ioeano (ui
aecia/a? ae?iaieoeoai ? noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny aeaiaeii c aenieoaoaoe?? ye
i?i?ioi aeoeaii? /anoeie IAO) aai iiaiei i?eieiaiiyi ooieoe?iioaaiiy
i?aei?e?inoaa. Ii/aoie iiaiai oeeeeo a?aeoai?aiiy coiiaeaiee oaiaeii
nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue, caniiaaieo ia i?eioeeiiai iia?e aai nooo?ai
ci?iai?e oaoiieia?? ? a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae aeaoaoeo ye ca
iaoopaeueii-pa/iaith oi?iith (IAO), oae ? ca aa?o?noth (a i?iii?oe??
aa?oino? ?iai/eo i?noeue, ui oaiaeyoueny, ? aeaoaoeo).

2.7 Aeoiaey/e c oai??? a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue ne?ae c iiaeo
iiceoe?e ?icaeyiooe i?iii?oe?? a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo, ye?
ioe?ithaaeeny ia iniia? ?ooo IAO. Cie?aia, ianya iniiaieo cania?a, ui
ni?yiiaothoueny ia

I?iaeooaaiiyAaeineiiaeaiiy no?oeoo?e ? ci?ia piai/eo i?noeue,
oaoiieia?/ieo ipioean?a, cania?a i?aoe? ia iaoeia?e iniia?

Ae?iaieoeoai iiaeo cania?a i?aoe?e?eueeino? (ca?eueoaiiy, nei?i/aiiy)
piai/eo i?noeue (aac oaiaeo, aeaoooy iniiaieo oiiae?a) o ca’yceo c
iniaeeainoyie ipaai?caoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa?iai/a neeaIpaaeiaoe i?aoe?
Oa?ae piai/eoIi?aeueia noa??iiyEai?oaeuei? aeeaaeaiiyEai?oaeueia
aoae?aieoeoaii?noeue ? iniiaieo oiiae?a

Ae?iaie/a?iai/eo i?noeue o ca’yceo ?c ooieoe?i-canoa??aaiiyi Oa?ae
iniiaieoioaaiiyoaoiieia?? aai oiiae?a iaae?th/eoe?ea?aeaoe??th
Aeaoooyi?aeaeuaiiy piai/eoi?aei?e?inoaapiai/eo
i?noeueAe?iaieoeoaioaoi?/iiaii?noeue ? in-Ao?aoa iniiaieieopaaeeoe?eieo
?p?aiy ?iiaieooiiaeaieiiaeapi?caoe?yiiiaeaiiyoiiae?aniiaeea/i?cania?a
i?aoe?piai/eo i?noeueaa?oino??aiiio, iiaeapi?caoe?y
?aiiioieeAiipoecaoe?eieeAeaoooy ciioaieo iniiaieo
oiiae?aoiiaeoiiaeiniiaieo oiiae?aOiiaee a?aeoeiaeoaaiiy
?Ae?iaieoeoaiiaeiie/aiiyipiaeoeoe??

Iae. 1 Noaia a?aeoai?aiiy piai/eo i?noeue ? iniiaieo oiiae?a

a?aeoeiaeoaaiiy, ioe?ith?oueny ia ??ai? oeo, ui aeaoaathoue, oiaoi a
i?iii?oe?? 1:1. ?acii c oei ?ic?iaea oai??? a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue
aea? i?aenoaao aeey ioe?iee i?iii?oe?? a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
aeoiaey/e c ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aa?oino? ?iai/eo i?noeue, ui oaiaeyoueny ?
aeaiaeyoueny.

2.8 Oaaaeaiiy iiiyooy “?iai/a i?noea” aei nenoaie aea?aeaaiiai
?aaoethaaiiy iio?aao? ?ic?iaee a?aeiia?aeiiai iiiyo?eiiai aia?aoo. A
i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/ai? iieacieee, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue ?oo
?iai/eo i?noeue c o?aooaaiiyi ?iaanoeoe?eieo ? i?aai?caoe?eieo
caoiae?a, a oaeiae i?iiiio?oueny nenoaia aca?iiocaiaeaeaieo aaeain?a, ui
aeicaiey? ioe?ieoe a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue, IO, ?oo ?iai/i? neee
oa ?iaanoeoe?eio ae?yeuei?noue. I?e oeueiio a?aeoai?thaaeueio no?oeoo?o
eai?oaeueieo aeeaaeaiue aeioe?eueii aecia/aoe aeoiaey/e c e?eueeino?
noai?aieo /e iiiaeaieo ?iai/eo i?noeue ? aeae?eyoe aeaa iai?yiee
?iaanooaaiiy: ia?oa – i?aeaeuaiiy oaoi?/iiai ??aiy ae?iaieoeoaa, yea
cae?enith?oueny aac i?e?inoo ?iai/eo i?noeue ? ia? aeeth/aoe i?aeo?eieo
ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae, oaoi?/ia ia?aica?i?iiy ? ?aeiino?oeoe?th;
ae?oaa – iiaa aoae?aieoeoai, yea ocaaaeueith? ?acoeueoaoe iiaiai
aoae?aieoeoaa, ?icoe?aiiy ? ?aeiino?oeoe?? c i?e?inoii ?iai/eo i?noeue.
?ic?iaea nenoaie aca?iiocaiaeaeaieo aaeain?a ?iai/eo i?noeue, IO,
?iai/i? neee ? eai?oaeueieo aeeaaeaiue aeicaiey? noai?eoe ?aeeio
iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeey ?aaoethaaiiy i?ioean?a a?aeoai?aiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo aaeocae aeiiii?ee, a oaeiae caeiyoino? ianaeaiiy.

2.9 A ?acoeueoao? aeine?aeaeaiue cai?iiiiiaaii nenoaio iieaciee?a, ui
oa?aeoa?eco? caaeainiaai?noue oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa ? ia?aaeaa/a?
aecia/aiiy noaoe/ii? ? aeeiai?/ii? caaeainiaaiino?, a oaeiae
ocaaaeueithth/eo iieaciee?a, ui a?aeia?aaeathoue aieea ia aoaeoeai?noue
ae?iaieoeoaa. I?e ioe?ioe? noaoe/ii? caaeainiaaiino? ?iai/eo i?noeue ?
?iai/i? neee ne?ae aeae?eyoe e?euee?niee ? ye?niee ?? aniaeoe: ia?oee
oa?aeoa?eco? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy e?eueeino? ?iai/eo i?noeue ? ?iai/i? neee
(c o?aooaaiiyi eiao?oe??ioo ci?iiino?), ae?oaee – ?o a?aeiia?aei?noue
no/aniei oaoi?/iei, i?aai?caoe?eiei, eaae?o?eaoe?eiei, noaoaai-a?eiaei
oa ?ioei aeiiaai. O nenoai? iieaciee?a e?euee?nii? i?iii?oe?eiino?
oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa ne?ae ?ic??ciyoe ??aaiue ? nooi?iue
caaeainiaaiino?. Iieacieeii ??aiy caaeainiaaiino? ? eiao?oe??io
ci?iiino?, yeee a?aeia?aaea? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?aoe?aiee?a ?
ooieoe?iioth/eo ?iai/eo i?noeue, nooiaiy – e?euee?noue (/anoea)
aaeaioieo ? iaaeeeoeiaeo (caeaeo) ?iai/eo i?noeue, a oaeiae e?euee?noue
i?aoe?aiee?a, iaiao?aeieo aeey oeiiieaeooaaiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue ia oiio
??ai? ci?iiino?, ui neeaany.

Eiao?oe??io ci?iiino? ?ia?oiee?a ia? aaaeeeaa iaoiaeieia?/ia cia/aiiy,
ine?eueee a?i a?aeaeaa? iaeio c iniiaiiieiaeieo ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nueeeo
i?iii?oe?e – ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oaii?a iaeiie/aiue ?iai/eo i?noeue ?
c?inoaiiy /enaeueiino? i?aoethth/eo, oiaoi iaa?oioiaai?noue
?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino? a noai?aii? iiaeo ?iai/eo i?noeue. I?e/iio
aeeiai?ea eiao?oe??ioo ci?iiino? iieaco?, yeith i??ith noni?euenoai
ea?o? i?ioeanii ?o oi?ioaaiiy ? iane?eueee e?euee?noue noai?aieo ?iai/eo
i?noeue a?aeiia?aea? ?aaeueiei ?ano?nai ?iai/i? neee. C iiceoe?e
?aaoethaaiiy aaaeeea?noue aeaiiai eiao?oe??ioo coiiaeaia oei, ui
aeoiaey/e c eiie?aoiiai eiai ??aiy aecia/a?oueny e?euee?noue ?iai/eo
i?noeue, iaiao?aeia aeey caaacia/aiiy ?iaioith iayaii? /enaeueiino?
i?aoe?aiee?a. Oiio eiai iaiao?aeii ?ic?aoiaoaaoe ia o?eueee a
i?iieneiaino?, aea e a ?ioeo aaeocyo aeiiii?ee.

2.10 Ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaieo iaoiaeieia?/ieo ? iaoiaee/ieo i?aeoiae?a
cae?eniaii ia i?eeeaae? i?iieneiaino? ioe?ieo i?ioeano a?aeoai?aiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo, cie?aia oi?ioaaiiy ? ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?iai/eo
i?noeue ? ?o caaeainiaaiino? c ?iai/ith neeith, a?aeoai?aiiy IAO ?
ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae. Ia a?aei?io a?ae ia??iaeo ieaiiai? aeiiii?ee, a
1990-1997??. ca?eueoeeany ieoiia aaaa iaaeeeoeiaeo ?iai/eo i?noeue i?e
cieaeaii? aaeaioieo, iia??oeeeny oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/i? iieacieee
ooieoe?iioth/eo ?iai/eo i?noeue (oaae.1), ui coiiaeaii ye iani?eyoeeaith
caaaeueiiaeiiii?/iith neooaoe??th a oe?eiio, oae ? iaaeie?eaie o
a?aeoai?aii? ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo.

2.11 Iaaeinoaoi?e ??aaiue e?euee?nii? ? ye?nii? caaeainiaaiino? ?iai/eo
i?noeue ? ?iai/i? neee no?eio? ?icaeoie aeiiii?ee, i?ecaiaeeoue aei
iecee iaaaoeaieo nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo iane?aee?a. Na?aae ieo ne?ae
aeae?eeoe ii?ooaiiy i?iii?oe?e a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
(iia??oaiiy a?eiaeo ? oaoiieia?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee IAO, nooiaith ?o
i?eaeaoiino?; iaeiie/aiiy IAO c iiiaaeii?iaoeaieie no?ieaie neoaeae,
c?inoaiiy ianyao ?aiiio?a, cieaeaiiy oiiaeia?aeaea/?, iecueeee ??aaiue
aeei?enoaiiy ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae, caoaeaia ?o a?aeoai?aiiy), a
oaeiae aeei?enoaiiy o?oaeiaiai iioaioe?aeo (ii?ooaiiy aca?iica’yceo i?ae
e?euee?noth ? ye?noth i?aoe? ? ?ici??ii ca?ia?oii? ieaoe, c?inoaiiy
??aiy aac?ia?ooy).

2.12 Iaei??th c aieiaieo i?e/ei iaaeie?e?a o a?aeoai?aii? ae?iaie/iai
aia?aoo noaea e?eciaa neooaoe?y a Oe?a?i?, yea iaoiiaeea ??cea
nei?i/aiiy ianya?a eai?oaeueieo aeeaaeaiue oa oaiaeo IAO ? ae?iaie/eo
iiooaeiinoae i?aei?e?inoa on?o oi?i aeaniino?, oi/a ia iaaea?aeaaieo
i?aei?e?inoaao iniiai? iieacieee a?aeoai?aiiy IAO aeaeyaeathoue aeaui
a??oa, i?ae ia aea?aeaaieo. Oea iiynith?oueny oei, ui i?e an?e
o?iainia?e ne?oo?, yea ia? i?noea a aea?aeaa?, aea?aeaai? i?aei?e?inoaa
io?eiothoue eiooe (oi/a e iaiaaeai?), c athaeaeaoo, oiae? ye
i?eaaoeciaai? i?aei?e?inoaa a iinoi?eaaoecaoe?eiee ia??iae caeeoathoueny
aac aoaeue-yei? aea?aeaaii? i?aeo?eiee.

Oaaeeoey 1 Aeeiai?ea iieaciee?a, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue iayai?noue ?
aeei?enoaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo a i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie (a iaoiaeieia??
iae?eo 1996 ?., %)

19901991199219931994199519961997Ianya
i?iaeoeoe??10095,087,479,256,944,039,038,3Aa?o?noue IAO
100104,0108,5111,2113,3116,9118,6119,7*enaeuei?noue
?ia?oiee?a10096,492,987,479,466,361,155,9I?eoiaaia
aac?ia?ooy0,01,56,09,428,433,636,132,3E?euee?noue ?iai/eo i?noeue –
anueiai10099,797,796,996,696,194,193,5Ieoiia aaaa ooieoe?iioth/eo
?iai/eoi?noeue (O?I)96,895,797,093,486,771,970,665,3a oiio /ene?
oeiiieaeoiaaieo ?ia?oieeaie,ye? iaoiiaeththoue i?eoiaaia
aac?ia?ooy0,01,45,88,824,624,025,421,1Ieoiia aaaa aaeaioieo ?iai/eo
i?noeue3,23,01,11,21,21,50,70,6Ieoiia aaaa iaaeeeoeiaeo ?iai/eo
i?noeue0,01,31,95,412,126,628,734,1Aa?o?noue 1
O?I100103,0107,3109,5111,2114,2115,4117,4A?aeaea/a 1
O?I10096,489,484,865,562,157,060,9I?iaeoeoeai?noue 1
O?I10098,393,990,571,466,363,667,7Oiiaeia?aeaea/a10091,380,671,250,237,7
32,930,8??aaiue aeei?enoaiiy ae?iaie/eo
iiooaeiinoae84,181,174,859,745,038,135,736,2Eiao?oe??io ci?iiino?
?ia?oiee?a (E)1,411,381,341,321,291,321,261,27Iaaeeeoie IAO (aeoiaey/e c
iayaiino? iaaeeeoeiaeo ?iai/eoi?noeue ? ?o na?aaeiuei? aa?oino? o 1990
?.)0,01,31,74,910,723,624,027,4

Iiaeieaiiy e?eciaeo yaeu a aeiiii?oe? coiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue
aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo, yeee aoa ae aaeaeaaoiee aeiiaai ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee
oa a?aoiaoaaa iniaeeaino? a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue, IAO ? ae?iaie/eo
iiooaeiinoae.

2.13 ?ic?iaea iaoai?cio ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
cae?enith?oueny aeoiaey/e c i?eeiyoeo iaoiaeieia?/ieo canaae. I?e
oeueiio ia’?eoii ?aaoethaaiiy ? i?ioeane a?aeoai?aiiy nenoaie ?iai/eo
i?noeue, IAO ? ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae (oaae.2). sseui ia?oee ?c
cacia/aieo aniaeo?a ia? ia iao? caaacia/aiiy caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a
ae?iaieoeoaa, oi ae?oaee a?aeia?aaea? o?iainia? iioiee ? a?aeoai?aiiy
?iai/eo i?noeue o iaoo?aeueii-?a/iaiio aeaeyae?; o?ao?e ?icaeyaea?
i?ioean ae?iaieoeoaa c iiceoe?e aeaioiaeaiiy eiie?aoiith nenoaiith
?iai/eo i?noeue aecia/aiiai aeaeo i?iaeoeoe?? (?ia?o, iineoa).

2.14 I?e ?aaoethaaii? i?ioean?a a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
iaiao?aeii ?icaeyaeaoe ?acii ooieoe?iioaaiiy oiaa?ieo ?eie?a, ?eie?a
?iai/eo i?noeue, eai?oaeo ? ?iai/i? neee (iae.2). I?e oeueiio, yeui a
oiiaao ieaiiai? aeiiii?ee aeo?aeiei iiiaioii aoei caaacia/aiiy
caieaiiaaiiai aeioneo i?iaeoeoe?? ? iiaii? caeiyoino? ianaeaiiy, oi i?e
?eieia?e aeiiii?oe? aeoeaioe ci?uothoueny a iai?yieo caaeiaieaiiy iiieoo
ia i?iaeoeoe?th ca ?aooiie ae?iaieoeoaa ?? ia aoaeoeaii ooieoe?iioth/eo
?iai/eo i?noeyo ca i?i?ioio aeo?ao.

2.15 I?ioeane ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue ? caeiyoino?
ianaeaiiy iiaeii? ?icaeyaeaoeny o aeaio ?aaeeiao: iia?aoeaiiio ?
ia?niaeoeaiiio (na?aaeiuei- ? aeiaaino?ieiaiio). I?e/iio, yeui
?aaoethaaiiy ?eieo i?aoe? iiaeiii cae?enithaaoeny ia?aaaaeii a ia?oiio
?aaeei?, ui coiiaeaii aeeiai?/i?noth i?ioeano i?aoe? ? aeiiii?/ii?
eii’thieoo?e, oi a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue ? o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a –
ia?aaaaeii a ia?niaeoeaiiio. Inoaii? iia’ycaii c ?o ?ia?oe?ei?noth,
o?eaae?noth oeeeeo a?aeoai?aiiy ? iaiaaeai?noth iioi/iiai aieeao.

Aeey ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue iaiao?aeii cae?enieoe
oae? ia?oi/a?aia? caoiaee: aeeth/eoe iieacieee, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue
a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue, aei nenoaie ?aaoethaaiiy
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa; ?ic?iaeoe
aea?aeaaio ca?oi?noue i?i iayai?noue, ?oo ? aeei?enoaiiy ?iai/eo
i?noeue; oa?eoi??aeueii-aaeocaa? aaeaine ?iai/eo i?noeue ? ?iai/i? neee,
ocaiaeeoe ?o c a?aeoai?aiiyi IAO ? ?iaanoeoe?eiith ae?yeuei?noth.

2.16 ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue ? caaacia/aiiy
caeiyoino? ianaeaiiy iiaeiii aooe aaaeeeaith i?aai?/ii aaoaeiaaiith
neeaaeiaith /anoeiith iaoai?cio ?aaoethaaiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai
?icaeoeo, a caoiaee, ui ia?aaeaa/a?oueny ?aae?coaaoe, iiaeii? i?ieoe
a?aeiia?aeio aenia?oeco ia i?aaeiao ?o

Aea?aeaaia iie?oeea nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai picaeoeo?aaoethaaiiy
caeiyoino? ianaeaiiy?eiie i?iaeoeoe?? (?ia?o, iineoa)?aaoethaaiiy
a?aeoai?aiiy ?I?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ianaeaiiy

Iiieo ia ?I (iio?aaa noni?euenoaa o aeioneo i?iaeoeoe??, ?ia?o,
iineoa)Cae?eniaiiy no?oeoo?ii?, ?iaanoeoe?eii?, iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii?
iie?oeee, i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino? Aaeineiiaeaiiy nopoeoope ?
ipaaiecaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa

Iaaeinoa/a ?I,

?I, ye? ia ei?enoothoueny iiieoii

Ipioip??ioaoe?y, i?aeaioiaea, iapai?aeaioiaea ? iapai?uaiiy piai/i?
neeeAeaiiapao?/i?, i?apaoe?ei? ipioeane

Cae?eniaiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? ae?yeueiino? Oei/ania? ?I
/a?iiaaenuee? piaioe/Eai?oaeuei??I, ui ciiao Iiieo ia piai/o ?eiie
Ipiiiceoe?y ?iai/i? neeeAeaea?aea o?iainiaeoaeeaaeaiiyaaiaeyouenyneeo
(i?iiiceoe?yi?aoe?/iacaeiyoa ianaeaiiy,?ano?n?aia oa?ae ? aaein-Aaeaioi?
?I?I)yea ooea? piaioo/Athaeaeaoia ?eiie eiiaeaiiyOoieoe?iioth/? Caeiyoa
ianaeaiiyo?iainoaaiiyeai?oaeoae?th/eo ?I?I

Aioo??oi?(aeiaaino?i-eia? e?aaee-?aca?ai? ?I

Caaeainiaai?noue o?iainia?oe aaie?a,Iaaeeeoeia?ooieoe?iioth/eo ?I?ano?ne
ia?a aeoe?e,Aeaoooy ?I?I? piai/i? neeei?aei?e?inoaaiae?aaoe?e)

Iae. 2 Aea?aeaaia paaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy piai/eo i?noeue (?I) ?
caeiyoino? ianaeaiiy

Oaaeeoey 2 Nenoaia ?aaoethaaiiy i?ioeano a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai
aia?aoo

I?ioean a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo Ia’?eo ?aaoethaaiiyA?aeoai?aiiy
nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeueA?aeoai?aiiy iniiaieo oiiae?a, ae?iaie/eo
iiooaeiinoaeNoa’?eo ?aaoethaaiiyaea?aeaaiee naeoi?iaaea?aeaaiee
naeoi?Ooieoe??
?aaoethaaiiy?iaeeeaoeaianoeioethth/aeiio?iethth/aI?eioeeieeiiieaeni?noue
ia??iaee/i?noueaoaii?noueoe?eani?yiiaai?noueaoaeoeai?noue

Iaoiaeecaeiiiaeaa/i-i?aaia?aeiiii?/i?i?aai?caoe?ei?aaei?i?no?aoeai?nioe?
aeueii-ineoieia?/i??aaoethaaiiyi?yi?iai?yi?oe?eueiaaaeioaoe??,aea?aeca-o
e?iioo-athaeaeaoii-a?ioiai-aii?oecaoe?eiaAeaiaioeo?iainoaaiiynoaneae??ii
aeaiiy,ai?aiiyiiaeaoeiaae?aaeeoiaiie?oeeaaeiiii?/iiaieaiooaaiiyiie?oeeai
ie?oeea?aaoethaaiiyiiaeaoee ia cai?ia ii?iii?ie
aii?oe-i?eaooie,aaie?anueeiaicaoe??,
iaoiaeeoaeoi?ei?ioeaioo,aii?oecaoe??, ae?iaieoeoaa,

nenoaia iiaeao-iia?aoe?? c oe?iieie

iaia?aie,oiiae ?aaeaiiy e?aaeeoo oa eiio?ieue caioe?iea iniiaieo

oiiae?aeiaeo i?eueaeiai aeei?enoaiiyiaieeao ia i?ioeane noai?aiiy ?
caa?aaeaiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue. E??i oiai, aaaeeeaei ?ino?oiaioii iaoai?cio
?aaoethaaiiy iiaeii? noaoe ?ic?iaea ? ?aae?caoe?y eiiieaenii? i?ia?aie
caoiae?a uiaei noai?aiiy ? caa?aaeaiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue, a oaeiae
Aaia?aeueii? noaie noai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue.

2.17 A oiiaao iaaeaiiy i?noeaaei i?aaiai naiia?yaeoaaiiy aaaeeeaeo
aaaeae?a cae?eniaiiy iiaeaoeiai?, e?aaeeoii-o?iainiai? ?
i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino? oeaio? aaae a ?aaoethaaii? i?ioean?a
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo ana a?eueoa ia?ai?uo?oueny ia
?aa?iiaeueiee ??aaiue. Aaaeeeaeie caoiaeaie o nenoai? ?aaoethaaiiy
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo ?aa?ii?a ? ?ic?iaea ?aa?iiaeueieo
i?ia?ai ?icaeoeo ? noai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue, a oaeiae aaeaino ?iai/eo
i?noeue ? o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a, ui aeicaiey? ioe?ieoe nooi?iue
caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa, aecia/eoe ?o aeao?oeeo aai
iaaeeeoie. Aeioe?eueii noeioethaaoe i?aei?e?inoaa, ye? a ?acoeueoao?
?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino? ca?eueoothoue e?euee?noue ?iai/eo i?noeue
oeyoii: iaaeaiiy i?eueaiaeo e?aaeeo?a; cieaeaiiy iiaeaoeo ia i?eaooie a
?ici??? aei 50% aa?oino? ciia oaaaeaieo ?iai/eo i?noeue; /anoeiai?
eiiiainaoe?? aeo?ao ia noai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue ca ?aooiie eioo?a
oiiaeo caeiyoino?, a oaeiae iicaathaeaeaoiiai oiiaeo i?eaaoecaoe??.
Iniaeeao oaaao aeey ni?eyiiy noai?aiith ?iai/eo i?noeue iaiao?aeii
i?eae?eeoe ?icaeoeo iaeiai i?aei?e?iieoeoaa, aeey /iai aeioe?eueii
?ic?iaeyoe oe?eueia? ?aa?iiaeuei? i?ia?aie noai?aiiy ? caa?aaeaiiy
?iai/eo i?noeue a oe?e noa??.

2.18 Iniiaieie iai?yieaie aaeineiiaeaiiy ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy IAO ?
ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae ? aca?iiocaiaeaeaiiy c oeei i?ioeanii
aaeineiiaeaiiy no?oeoo?e i?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa, caaacia/aiiy
aeaea?ae o?iainoaaiiy ? noeioethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
(aaeineiiaeaiiy aii?oecaoe?eii? iie?oeee; iaa?oiooaaiiy i?euea i?e
aeoea?caoe?? ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?; noeioethaaiiy ?icaeoeo
e?ceiaiaeo a?aeiinei; caeo/aiiy eioo?a ianaeaiiy ye aeaea?aea
o?iainoaaiiy; caeo/aiiy ?iaanoeoe?e a i?ioean? ?inoeoooe?iiaeueieo
ia?aoai?aiue oiui).

2.19 Iniaeea?noth neooaoe??, ui neeaeany ca?ac o i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie,
? oa, ui niaae ae?iaieoeoaa, yeee o?eaa?, ia noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny nooo?aei
aeaoooyi IAO ? ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae, oi/a a ia?niaeoeaiiio ia??iae?
nooo?aiai c?inoaiiy ae?iaieoeoaa (cie?aia, aei ??aiy 1990 ?.) ia
ia?aaeaa/a?oueny. Ianiaaiee aea?ae c aenieoaoaoe?? IAO ? ae?iaie/eo
iiooaeiinoae aeicaieeoue cia/ii cieceoe aeo?aoe ia ae?iaieoeoai ?
i?aeaeueoe eiieo?aioini?iiiaei?noue i?iieneiai? i?iaeoeoe??. Oae, ia
iaoaeo?a?eieo i?aei?e?inoaao aeo?aoe ia aenieoaoaoe?th iaoaeo?a?eieo
aa?aaao?a, ui ia aeei?enoiaothoueny, aea i?aeo?eiothoueny a ?iai/iio
noai?, neeaaeathoue aei 15-25% ?o caaaeueiiai ianyao. Oe? o?iainia?
?ano?ne iiaeooue aooe iai?aaeai? ia iiiaeaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
iaoaeo?a?eieo i?aei?e?inoa.

2.20 Aaaeeeaei aniaeoii i?iaaaeaiiy i?iieneiai? iie?oeee a oiiaao
ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei ? cae?eniaiiy no?oeoo?ii? ia?aaoaeiae,
ui ia?aaeaa/a? ia?ai???ioaoe?th i?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa oeyoii ye
aecia/aiiy ? ?aae?caoe?? i??i?eoaoieo iai?yie?a ?icaeoeo, oae ?
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iaoai?cio ieaiii??iiai cai?oaiiy aacia?niaeoeaieo
ae?iaieoeoa. Ia aaeocaaiio ??ai? iiaeii? aooe ?ic?iaeai? aeiaaino?ieia?
iaoe?iiaeuei? i?ia?aie ?icaeoeo ie?aieo aaeocae i?iieneiaino? c
aecia/aiiyi i?iaiicieo ianya?a ? iai?yie?a ae?iaieoeoaa. Iaiao?aei?
?icoe?aiiy ia?eaoeiaiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue uiaei eii’thieoo?e a?aeiia?aeieo
oiaa?ieo ?eie?a; iaeaaiaeaeaiiy eiiia?aoe?? ? iiiaeaiiy oaoiieia?/ieo
eaioetha?a; ni?eyiiy noai?aiith iiooaeiiai ei?ii?aoeaiiai naeoi?o
aeiiii?ee ia iniia? oieaeeiaiaeo eiiiai?e, IOA, ui ? iaciaeiiii?/ieie
ooai?aiiyie ? iiaeii? noaoe nai???aeiei o?aaoii, iano/ith eiino?oeoe??th
iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee.

2.21 Iaeaaaeeea?oith oiiaith ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa o ?eieiaiio
na?aaeiaeu? ? caaacia/aiiy i?eioeeio naiio?iainoaaiiy, yeee ia?aaeaa/a?
cae?eniaiiy ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? ianaiia?aae ca ?aooiie
aioo??oi?o aeaea?ae o?iainoaaiiy. ?acii c oei a Oe?a?i? ca 1991-1996 ??.
oaeoe/ii aoei caaaeaii iai?aaoeue ?ieue aii?oecaoe?? ye aeaea?aea
a?aeoai?aiiy IAO (?ici?? oaeoe/ii ia?aoiaaieo aii?oecaoe?eieo
a?ae?aooaaiue neeaa o i?iieneiaino? ca oeae /an eeoa a?ey 12% ianyao,
?ic?aoiaaiiio aeoiaey/e c oiia, ui neeaeeny a 1990 ?.).

Iniaeeaino? iieiaeaiiy, ui neeaeeny, aeiaaathoue e?aa?ae?caoe??
aii?oecaoe?eii? iie?oeee, i?iaaaeaiiy (i?ney aeinyaiaiiy o?iainiai?
noaa?e?caoe??) ia?aioe?iee IO, ?icoe?aiiy iiaeeeainoae i?aei?e?inoa
noiniaii aeai?o nenoai ia?aooaaiiy aii?oecaoe?? aeoiaey/e ?c i?eeiyoi?
no?aoaa?? ?iaanooaaiiy.

2.22 I?e ?icaeyaeaii? oai?aoe/ieo iniia ?aoi?ioaaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
iniiaio oaaao cina?aaeaeaii ia i?ioeanao ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeinei
aeaniino?, i?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/ieo aniaeoao i?eaaoecaoe??, ioe?ioe?
?? cae?eniaiiy oa nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo iane?aeeao, a oaeiae
aecia/athoueny iniiai? iai?yiee aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio i?eaaoecaoe??.

?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? ? aieiaiith ia?aaeoiiaith ?
no?aoaa?/iei aeaiaioii ?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue a Oe?a?i? ? iiaea eeoa
oiae? ni?eyoe iiaeieaiith e?eciaeo yaeu, eiee ii?aeioaaoeiaoueny e
acaiiocaiaeaeoaaoeiaoueny c? no?oeoo?iith ia?aaoaeiaith aeiiii?ee,
aeoea?caoe??th ?iaanoeoe?eii? oa ?iiiaaoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?,
caaacia/eoue aoaeoeaia ooieoe?iioaaiiy ipeaaoeciaaieo i?aeipe?inoa a
oiiaao peieiaiai napaaeiaeua. Oea iiaeeeai eeoa ca iayaiino? aoaeoeaiiai
aeanieea, nopaoaa?/iiai ?iaanoipa, yeee caoe?eaaeaiee o ipeaooeiaino?
a?aeiia?aeiiai ia’?eoa, oa ca oiiae, ui caaacia/o?oueny oae caaiee
aaeain ?ioapan?a noa’?eo?a ainiiaea?thaaiiy .

2.23 C iaeyaeo ia ?aoe?iiaeueio no?oeoo?o iaeaooiuei? iaoe?iiaeueii?
aeiiii?ee oa a?aoiaoth/e aeina?ae ?icaeiooeo e?a?i na?oo uiaei
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aea?aeaaii? oa i?eaaoii? aeaniino? iioeiaeueiee ?ici??
aea?aeaaieo IO ia? noaiiaeoe, ca iaoeie ?ic?aooieaie, i?e cae?niaii?
no?oeoo?ii? ia?aaoaeiae (i???ioiaii 2015 ?.) aeecueei 38%, a oiio /ene?
o ae?iaie/?e noa?? – 32%.

2.24 Iaiao?aeiith oiiaith ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? ? ?ic?iaea ?
?aae?caoe?y aaeaeaaoieo i?eeiyoei eiioeaiooaeueiei i?aeoiaeai
i?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/ieo canaae, ye? aeeth/athoue aei naaa oi?ioaaiiy
caeiiiaeaa/iai ? ii?iaoeaii-?ino?oeoeaiiai caaacia/aiiy, aecia/aiiy
i?aai?a aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy oa ?o ooieoe?e, ?ioi?iaoe?eia
caaacia/aiiy ye naiiai i?ioeano i?eaaoecaoe??, oae ? ?? ?acoeueoao?a, a
oaeiae ?ic?iaeo iaoiaee/ieo i?aeoiae?a aei ?o ioe?iee c iaoith
ei?eaoaaiiy ? aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio ia?aoai?aiue.

2.25 ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeaeiinei aeaniino? iiaeiii ocaiaeaeoaaoeny c ?ioeie
iai?yieaie ?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue, ia?o ca ana – c aeaiiiiiie?caoe??th
ae?iaieoeoaa, ?icaeoeii i?aei?e?iieoeoaa, aaeineiiaeaiiyi nenoaie
oi?aae?iiy ? i?aai?caoe?eieo no?oeoo?, oi?ioaaiiyi ?eieiai?
?io?ano?oeoo?e, aeey /iai cai?iiiiiaai? iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
?ic?iaee aaeocaaeo i?ia?ai ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? ia iniia?
cae?eniaiiy naeoi?iiai aiae?co, aeei?enoaiiy ianaiia?aae oi?i, aeaie?a
iieooaaiue oa ?ioi?iaoe?eieo ea?oie, ye? aeathoue ciiao ia noaae??
ocaaaeueiaiiy iaoa??ae?a i?aeaiooaaoe iaa?oioiaai? i?iiiceoe?? uiaei
??cieo aniaeo?a ia?aoai?aiue. Oaeiae ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaee/i?
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aei ioe?iee oiaeo i?eaaoecaoe?? oa ??
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo iane?aee?a aeoiaey/e c ae?th/i? noaoenoe/ii?
ca?oiino?, ?ioi?iaoe?eii? aace i?aai?a i?eaaoecaoe?? oa ?ic?iaeaiiai
aeaieo iieooaaiiy.

2.26 Aiae?c na?ae/eoue, ui iaaeinoaoiuei aenie? iieacieee aoaeoeaiino?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa (e??i iani?eoeeai?
caaaeueii-aeiiii?/ii? neooaoe??) coiiaeai? ia naiei oaeoii
i?eaaoecaoe??, a iaaeie?eaie a iaoai?ci? ?? cae?eniaiiy: i???ioaoe?y ia
o?neaeuei? ?ioa?ane, iaaeinoaoiy oaaaa aei caaacia/aiiy ?iaanoeoe?eii?
i?eaaaeeaino? i?aei?e?inoa, oi?ioaaiiy aoaeoeaiiai aeanieea, i?aeaeuaiiy
??aiy iioeaaoe?? i?aoe?; iaaeinoaoi? iaa?oiooaaiiy iai?yie?a
?ano?oeoo?ecaoe?? i?aei?e?inoa, ?o naiaoe?? oa aaeaioaoe?? aei
ooieoe?iioaaiiy a oiiaao ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei; caoyaoaaiiy no?ie?a
cae?eniaiiy i?eaaoecaoe??; cieaeaiiy ??aiy ea?iaaiino? i?aei?e?inoa,
iaaeinoaoi?e ??aaiue iaiaaeaeiaioo (a oiio /ene? oi?aae?iiy aeoe?yie,
iayie, /anoeaie ainiiaea?nueeeo oiaa?enoa, ui ia?aaoaathoue o
caaaeueiiaea?aeaai?e aeaniino?); ii?ooaiiy oaoiieia?/ieo ca’yce?a i?ae
noi?aeieie ae?iaieoeoaaie, a?aenooi?noue iaeaaeieo oiia aeey oi?ioaaiiy
a i?ioean? a?aeoai?aiiy eiieo?aioicaeaoieo iiaeo i?aai?caoe?eieo
no?oeoo? (oieaeeia?a, IOA); a?aenooi?noue iaeaaeieo oiia caeo/aiiy
?iaanoi??a (a oiio /ene? ?iicaiieo) aeey iiiaeaiiy ae?iaieoeoaa,
aeoea?caoe?? ?iaanoeoe?eii? oa ?iiiaaoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?; a?aenooi?noue
ni?eyoeeaeo oiia aeey ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa o iinoi?eaaoecaoe?eiee
ia??iae; iaaeinoaoiy a?aaoeueiaai?noue ieoaiue uiaei caaacia/aiiy
aeeiiaiiy iieoioeyie aea?aeaaiiai iaeia nai?o ciaia’ycaiue; iaaeinoaoi?e
?icaeoie ?eieo oe?iieo iaia??a oa eiai ?io?ano?oeoo?e.

2.27 ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? iiaeiii aooe ci???ioiaaia ia ia
aeinyaiaiiy ei?ioeino?ieiaeo aoaeo?a (ia?o ca ana iiiiaiaiiy iioi/ieo
aeioiae?a athaeaeaoo), a ia ae??oaiiy no?aoaa?/ieo caaaeaiue
ae?iaieoeoaa oa iioeaaoe?? aei i?aoe?, i?enei?aiiy no?oeoo?ii?
ia?aaoaeiae ? ?icaeoeo aeiiii?ee, ni?eyiiy oi?ioaaiith
?iiiaaoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ii? iiaeae? ?icaeoeo ia aac? oaoi?/iiai iiiaeaiiy
ae?iaieoeoaa ca ?aooiie aeoea?caoe?? ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?. Oea
iiaeeeai eeoa ca i?i?ioio nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo ? iie?oe/ieo aeo?ao, a
oaeiae i?e caaacia/aii? aaeaino ?ioa?an?a ye ia iae?i-, oae ? ia
i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio ??aiyo. Ia iae?iaeiiii?/iiio ??ai? iaiao?aeii
aeio?eioaaoeny aaeaino ?ioa?an?a aea?aeaae, i?eaaoiiai eai?oaeo ?
oe?ieeo aa?noa ianaeaiiy, oiaoi caaacia/eoe ceaaiaeo a noni?euenoa? ?
i?aeo?eieo ?aoi?i. Ia i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio ??ai? oey aeiiaa
caaeiaieueiy?oueny caaaeyee aaeainoaaiith ?ioa?an?a oae caaiiai
oaa?aeiai yae?a, yea eiio?ieth? aei 75-85% aeoe?e (ia?a), ? aei neeaaeo
yeiai aoiaeyoue o?oaeiaee eieaeoea, aaei?i?no?aoe?y ? no?aoaa?/i?
?iaanoi?e.

2.28 Aeey aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio ?aoi?ioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa ye a
i?ioean? i?eaaoecaoe??, oae ? a iinoi?eaaoecaoe?eiiio ia??iae?
aeioe?eueii caaacia/eoe eiiieaeniee i?aeo?ae, ui a?aoiao? ??ciiiai?oi?
noi?iie ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa, a noiniaii ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei
aeaniino? cina?aaeeoe oaaao ia ae??oaii? oaeeo aeooaeueieo i?iaeai:
caaacia/aiiy aeaaaeaiiai (?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai) i?aeoiaeo aei ?aoi?ioaaiiy
i?eaaoecaoe?? c i???ioaoe??th ia caeo/aiiy ?iaanoeoe?e aeey ?o ?icaeoeo
? ni?eyiiy aoaeoeaiiio ooieoe?iioaaiith i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa;
aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio oi?aae?iiy aea?aeaaiei iaeiii; caaacia/aiiy
caoenoo iaeiiaeo i?aa a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie.

2.29 Aaaeeeaei aniaeoii i?eaaoecaoe?? ia ae?oaiio ?? aoai? ? caeo/aiiy
?iaanoeoe?e ye a i?ioean? i?eaaoecaoe??, oae ? a iinoi?eaaoecaoe?eiiio
ia??iae?. Aeey oeueiai aeioe?eueii: oe?oa canoiniaoaaoe i?iaeaae aeoe?e
ia iaeiia?oe?eieo eiieo?nao i?ae ?iaanoeoe?ei? ciaia’ycaiiy; iineeeoe
eiio?ieue ca aeeiiaiiyi iieoioeyie nai?o ?iaanoeoe?iieo ciaia’ycaiue;
ni?inoeoe i?ioeaaeo?o i?iaaaeaiiy eiieo?no, u?euei?oa ni?ai?aoethaaoe c
iioaioe?eieie iieoioeyie (c iiceoe?e aecia/aiiy aca?iii?eeiyoeeaeo oiia
eiieo?no), noeioethaaoe ?o caaaeyee iaaeaiith iiaeeeainoae ca?eueoaiiy
/anoee a noaoooiiio oiiae? i?e cae?eniaii? ?iaanoeoe?e; canoiniaoaaoe
a?eueo aio/e? nenoaie ?ic?aooie?a ca ia’?eo, ui i?eaaoeco?oueny; iaaeaoe
i?eueae no?aoaa?/iei ?iaanoi?ai (?icno?i/eo i?e nieao? aa?oino?
i?eaeaaiiiai iaeia, i?eueaiaeo e?aaeeo?a i?ae canoaao, cieaeaiiy
aa?oino? iaeia, iniaeeai aeieia?/ii iaaacia/ieo i?aei?e?inoa, c o?ce/ii
oa ii?aeueii ciioaieie IAO oiui); ia?aaeyiooe iai?yiee aeei?enoaiiy
eioo?a, ia?ai???iooaaoenue c o?neaeueieo oe?eae ia aeiiae ?iaanooaaiiy.

2.30 Aeey no?aoaa?/ii aaaeeeaeo ia’?eo?a aeioe?eueii canoiniaoaaoe
oe?iei iioe?aiee o na?oia?e i?aeoeoe? iaoai?ci oae caaii? “cieioi?
aeoe??”. I?aaa aea?aeaae ia oaeeo i?aei?e?inoaao iathoue aooe /?oei
aecia/ai?, ?iaeoa aaeueioaaoeiaoueny caeo/aiiy i?eaaoieo ?iaanoi??a.
Oa?i?i ae?? iaoai?cio “cieioi? aeoe??” ia ne?ae aei?noei iaiaaeoaaoe
(iai?eeeaae, o?ueiia ?ieaie, ye oea ia?aaeaa/a?oueny a ?in??), a
aeioe?eueii iioe?eoe ia a?eueo o?eaaeee ia??iae (caeaaeii a?ae
iniaeeainoae aaeoc? oa oiia ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy).

2.31 Iaei??th c oiia oni?oiiai ? aaceiioe?eoiiai cae?eniaiiy
ia?aoai?aiue a?aeiinei aeaniino? ? caaacia/aiiy a?eueo oe?iei? o/ano? a
i?eaaoecaoe?? i?aei?e?inoa ?o i?aoe?aiee?a. Aiae?c iieacaa, ui a
i?ioeanao i?eaaoecaoe?? /?oei i?inoaaeo?oueny oaiaeaioe?y aei
aeene?ei?iaoe?? c aieo i?aai?a aea?aeaaii? aeaaee, ui i?iyaey?oueny ye o
a?aenooiino? nooo?aeo i?euea, oae ? a iaiaaeaii? iiaeeeaino? aeeoio
nai?o i?aei?e?inoa o?oaeiaeie eieaeoeaaie.

?acii c oei a i?ioean? ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? a Oe?a?i? ?
ni?eyoeeaa iiaeeea?noue ?icoe?aiiy aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a i?ia?aneaiiai
iai?yieo aaeineiiaeaiiy noni?eueieo a?aeiinei. Aeey oeueiai aei
caeiiiaeaanoaa noiniaii i?eaaoecaoe?? iaiao?aeii aianoe oae? ci?ie:
caaacia/eoe ?aae?caoe?th i??i?eoaoiiai i?aaa o?oaeiaiai eieaeoeao o
aeai?? oi?ie eiai o/ano? o aeaniino? i?eaaoeciaaiiai i?aei?e?inoaa, a
oaeiae aeai?o i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo oi?i i?aei?e?iieoeoaa; cae??ieoe
ia caeiiiaeaa/iio ??ai? i?aai o?oaeyueo ia o/anoue a oi?aae?ii?
ae?iaieoeoaii ia i?aei?e?inoaao; iaaeaoe i?eueae i?aoe?aieeai
i?aei?e?inoa ia aeeoi i?aei?e?inoa oa i?eaeaaiiy aeoe?e, cai?iaaaeeoe
i?eueaiaa iiiaeaoeoaaiiy aaie?a, ye? iaaeathoue e?aaeeoe o?oaeiaei
eieaeoeaai ia iiaiee /e /anoeiaee aeeoi iaeia i?aei?e?inoaa; caaacia/eoe
iiaeeea?noue ia?iuoaaiiy aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a ca ?aooiie iiaeaeueoiai
?iaanooaaiiy ?icaeoeo i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa.

2.32 Aeey caaacia/aiiy ?aae?caoe?? iaeiiaeo ?ioa?an?a o?oaeiaeo
eieaeoea?a oeyoii ?icoe?aiiy aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a a i?ioean?
i?eaaoecaoe?? a oiiaao ae?th/iai caeiiiaeaanoaa a Oe?a?i? iiaea aooe
?aeiiaiaeiaaia iiaeaeue ?aoi?ioaaiiy i?iieneiaeo i?aei?e?inoa, ui
ia?aaeaa/a? cae?eniaiiy oaeeo aoai?a ia?aoai?aiue: ia?ao?ae i?aei?e?inoa
ia i?aiaeo c i?aaii aeeoio; ca?eueoaiiy ieoiii? aaae aeaniino?
i?aiaeiiai eieaeoeao a i?ioean? ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aiaeiiai
i?aei?e?inoaa; aeeoi i?aai?caoe??th i?aiaea??a aea?aeaaii? /anoee iaeia
(?c canoinoaaiiyi IIN /eai?a i?aai?caoe?? i?aiaea??a ? caeo/aiiyi i?e
iaiao?aeiino? e?aaeeoo a iai?i ia /anoeo i?aiaeiiai iaeia aai i?ae
aeione i?iaeoeoe??); ia?nii?o?eaoe?y iaeia i?aiaeiiai eieaeoeao o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c niiniaii aeeoio; ia?aoai?aiiy i?aiaeiiai i?aei?e?inoaa
a oiaa?enoai c iaiaaeaiith a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noth /e CAO o i?ioean?
i?eaaoecaoe??; ia?aoai?aiiy i?aei?e?inoaa o AAO ?c caeo/aiiyi ciai?oi?o
?iaanoi??a ? eiinie?aeaoe??th /anoee aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a ia ??ai? ia
iaio 25-35% oeyoii oi?ioaaiiy “ia?oia?nueeiai” oiaa?enoaa.

Aaaeeeaei aeaiaioii iiaeae? ? aeei?enoaiiy ?ic?iaeaieo ca o/anoth aaoi?a
?iaioe iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e noiniaii ii?yaeeo aeeoio aea?aeaaii?
/anoee iaeia ? ia?nii?o?eaoe?? eieaeoeaii? aeaniino? i?aai?caoe??
i?aiaea??a.

2.33 I?iaiic oaiaeaioe?e a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo a
i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie o 1998-2000 ??. na?ae/eoue, ui ia?ai???ioaoe?y
i?ioeano a?aeoai?aiiy IAO o i?iaiiciiio ia??iae? ia ii?iaoeaiee ?aaeei
(iioei?noe/iee aa??aio) aeicaieeoue caaacia/eoe nooo?aa iiiaeaiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo i?iieneiaino?, i?ecoieieoe i?ioean noa??iiy cania?a
ae?iaieoeoaa, aeanoue ciiao i?e ciaioaii? e?eueeino? ?iai/eo i?noeue
i?aeaeueoe ci?ii?noue ?o ooieoe?iioaaiiy (eiao?oe??io ci?iiino? aei 1,32
o 2000 ?. i?ioe 1,26 o 1996 ?.), oaoi?/iee ??aaiue (ia 33,9%) ?
a?aeaea/o (ia 53,7%). Caa?aaeaiiy ianya?a aeaoooy IAO ia ??ai? 1,2-1,5%
(ianei?noe/iee aa??aio) ia o?eueee ia aeicaieeoue ii?iae?coaaoe i?ioean
a?aeoai?aiiy IAO, aea e i?ecaaaea aei iiaeaeueoiai iia??oaiiy eiai
noaio.

Aaeaioaoe?y i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa aei ?eieiaeo oiia ? i?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? ?o ?iaioe a?aeaoaa?oueny i?eaeecii ia 2-3-e ??e i?ney
i?eaaoecaoe??. I?eeiath/e aei oaaae, ui ianiaa i?eaaoecaoe?y aaeeeeo ?
na?aaei?o i?aei?e?inoa i?iieneiaino? ii/aeany oaeoe/ii a 1995 ?., oi c
1998 ?. ne?ae i/?eoaaoe a?eueo no??ieiai i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?o
?iaioe, ui caaacia/eoue caaaeueia c?inoaiiy ianya?a i?iieneiaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa.

3. AENIIAEE

I?iaaaeai? aaoi?ii aeine?aeaeaiiy aeathoue ciiao c?iaeoe oae?
aeniiaee.

3.1 Oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo ? iaeiei c iaeaaaeeea?oeo aniaeo?a aea?aeaaii?
aeiiii?/ii? iie?oeee. ?? ?aae?caoe?y coiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue ye
oaeineiiaeaiiy oai?aoe/ieo canaae, iaoiaeieia?/ieo ? iaoiaee/ieo
i?aeoiae?a, oae ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy i?aeoe/ieo caoiae?a, ni?yiiaaieo ia
caaacia/aiiy ae?eiaiai aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy i?ioean?a a?aeoai?aiiy
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo, a oaeiae eiai ?aoi?ioaaiiy. Ae?iaie/ee aia?ao ne?ae
?icaeyaeaoe ye noeoii?noue (nenoaio) ?iai/eo i?noeue, iniauaieo
i?aai?caoe?eii ? oaoiieia?/ii ia’?aeiaieie caniaaie i?aoe? (IO),
caeaoieo (ca iayaiino? ?ioeo oaeoi??a) caaacia/eoe ae?iaieoeoai
i?iaeoeoe?? (aeeiiaiiy ?ia?o, iineoa). I?e oaeiio i?aeoiae? ia?aeiiei
no?oeoo?iei aeaiaioii ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo aecia/a?oueny ?iai/a i?noea,
aea cae?enith?oueny ?ioaa?aoe?y oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa, oi?iothoueny
iaeaaaeeea?o? ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nuee? i?iii?oe??, a a i?ioean?
?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? caeeaaeathoueny ae?iaie/? a?aeiineie
?, cie?aia aaeain ?ioa?an?a i?ae aeanieeii cania?a ae?iaieoeoaa,
ainiiaea?ai ? iaeiaiei i?aoe?aieeii.

3.2. ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo ia?aaeaa/a?
aca?iiocaiaeaeaia oi?aae?iiy i?ioeanaie a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue,
IAO ? ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae. sseui ia?oee ?c cacia/aieo aniaeo?a ia?
ia iao? caaacia/aiiy caaeainiaaiino? oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa, oi ae?oaee –
?aaoeth? o?iainia? iioiee ? a?aeoai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue a
iaoo?aeueii-?a/iaiio aeaeyae?, a o?ao?e ?icaeyaea? i?ioean
ae?iaieoeoaa c iiceoe?e aeaioiaeaiiy aecia/aiiai aeaeo i?iaeoeoe??
(?ia?o, iineoa) eiie?aoiith nenoaiith ?iai/eo i?noeue. ?aeeio
iaoiaee/io iniiao aeey ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
aaeocae aeiiii?ee iiaeiia neeaaeaoe ?ic?iaeaia nenoaia
aca?iiocaiaeaeaieo aaeain?a ?iai/eo i?noeue, IO, ?iai/i? neee ?
eai?oaeueieo aeeaaeaiue.

3.3. ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy nenoaie ?iai/eo i?noeue ? caaacia/aiiy
caeiyoino? ianaeaiiy iiaeiii aooe aaaeeeaith i?aai?/ii aaoaeiaaiith
neeaaeiaith /anoeiith iaoai?cio ?aaoethaaiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai
?icaeoeo, a caoiaee, ui ia?aaeaa/a?oueny ?aae?coaaoe ia an?o ??aiyo
aeeiiaa/i? aeaaee, iiaeii? i?ieoe a?aeiia?aeio aenia?oeco noiniaii ?o
aieeao ia i?ioeane noai?aiiy ? caa?aaeaiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue. Aaaeeeaei
?ino?oiaioii iaoai?cio ?aaoethaaiiy iiaeii? noaoe ?ic?iaea ? ?aae?caoe?y
eiiieaenii? i?ia?aie caoiae?a uiaei noai?aiiy ? caa?aaeaiiy ?iai/eo
i?noeue, a oaeiae Aaia?aeueii? noaie noai?aiiy ?iai/eo i?noeue. E??i
oiai, iaiao?aeii iaeaaiaeeoe iae?e ?iai/eo i?noeue ? aaanoe aea?aeaaio
ca?oi?noue i?i ?o iayai?noue ? ?oo; ?ic?iaeyoe oa?eoi??aeueii-aaeocaa?
aaeaine ?iai/eo i?noeue ? ?iai/i? neee, ocaiaeaeoaaoe ?o c a?aeoai?aiiyi
IAO oa ?iaanoeoe?eiith ae?yeuei?noth.

3.4. Iniiaieie iai?yieaie aaeineiiaeaiiy ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy IO ?
ae?iaie/eo iiooaeiinoae ?: aca?iiocaiaeaeaiiy i?ioean?a ?o a?aeoai?aiiy
c aaeineiiaeaiiyi no?oeoo?e i?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa; caaacia/aiiy
aeaea?ae o?iainoaaiiy ? noeioethaaiiy iiiaeaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo
(aaeineiiaeaiiy aii?oecaoe?eii? iie?oeee; iaa?oiooaaiiy i?euea i?e
aeoea?caoe?? ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?; noeioethaaiiy ?icaeoeo
e?ceiaiaeo a?aeiinei; caeo/aiiy eioo?a ianaeaiiy ye aeaea?aea
o?iainoaaiiy; caeo/aiiy ?iaanoeoe?e a i?ioean? ?inoeoooe?iiaeueieo
ia?aoai?aiue oiui). Ia aaeocaaiio ??ai? iiaeii? aooe ?ic?iaeai?
aeiaaino?ieia? iaoe?iiaeuei? i?ia?aie ?icaeoeo ie?aieo eiiieaen?a ?
aaeocae i?iieneiaino? c aecia/aiiyi i?iaiicieo ianya?a ? iai?yie?a
ae?iaieoeoaa. Iaiao?aei? ia?eaoeiaia? aeine?aeaeaiiy uiaei eii’thieoo?e
oiaa?ieo ?eie?a; iaeaaiaeaeaiiy eiiia?aoe?? ? iiiaeaiiy oaoiieia?/ieo
eaioetha?a i?aei?e?inoa c ae?iaieeaie aeecueeiai ? aeaeaeiai
ca?oa?aeaey; ni?eyiiy noai?aiith iiooaeiiai ei?ii?aoeaiiai naeoi?o
aeiiii?ee ia iniia? oieaeeiaiaeo eiiiai?e, IOA.

3.5. Aeey caaacia/aiiy iiiiaiaiiy aioo??oi?o aeaea?ae o?iainoaaiiy
iiiaeaiiy ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo ? noeioethaaiiy aeoea?caoe??
?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino? iaiao?aeii ?ic?iaeoe ? i?eeiyoe Caeii
Oe?a?ie “I?i aii?oecaoe?th”, a yeiio aeeeanoe i?eioeeiia? iieiaeaiiy
aii?oecaoe?eii? iie?oeee. Na?aae ieo ne?ae iacaaoe oae?: ?aaeaiaiooaaoe
na?aaei? ii?iaoeai? no?iee neoaeae IO, iaaeaaaoe iiaeeea?noue
i?aei?e?inoaai a?aeoeeaiiy a?ae na?aaeiuei? aaee/eie ia a?eueo i?ae ia
20- 30%; ia?aaeaa/eoe e??i e?i?eiiai (i?iii?oe?eiiai) iaoiaeo i?enei?ai?
iaoiaee aii?oecaoe?? c ??cieie niiniaaie ?? ia?aooaaiiy (caeeoeo, yeee
ciaioo?oueny, noie ?ie?a oiui); /?oei aecia/eoe o? aeaee
eeaneo?eaoe?eieo a?oi IO, nienaiiy yeeo iiaea cae?enithaaoeny
i?enei?aieie iaoiaeaie; aeicaieeoe i?aei?e?ioeyi naiino?eii i?eeiaoe
??oaiiy i?i i?enei?aio aii?oecaoe?th. I?aei?e?iaoeue iiaeiai iaoe i?aai
(c a?aooaaiiyi iniaeeainoae aeei?enoaiiy IO, a oaeiae iane?aee?a ?
o?iainiaeo aniaeo?a ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa oa i?iaaaeaiiy
?iaanoeoe?eii? iie?oeee) aio/ei canoiniaoaaoe ii?ie aii?oecaoe??,
ia?aaeaa/ai? Caeiiii, ia ia?aaeuoth/e ?o a?aie/ii aeiionoeiiai ?ici??o,
ca /?oei? o?enaoe?? oeeo ci?i a iae?eiaeo oa aooaaeoa?nueeeo
aeieoiaioao, a oaeiae i?aai ia?aoiaeo c i?enei?aieo iaoiae?a ia?aooaaiiy
aii?oecaoe?? aei ??aiii??ieo (i?iii?oe?eieo) a?ae?aooaaiue.

3.6. ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? iiaeiii aooe ci???ioiaaia ia ia
aeinyaiaiiy ei?ioeino?ieiaeo aoaeo?a (ia?o ca ana iiiiaiaiiy iioi/ieo
aeioiae?a athaeaeaoo), a ia ae??oaiiy no?aoaa?/ieo caaaeaiue
ae?iaieoeoaa oa iioeaaoe?? aei i?aoe?, i?enei?aiiy no?oeoo?ii?
ia?aaoaeiae aeiiii?ee; ni?eyoe oi?ioaaiith ?iiiaaoe?eii-oaoiieia?/ii?
iiaeae? ?icaeoeo ia aac? oaoi?/iiai iiiaeaiiy ae?iaieoeoaa ca ?aooiie
aeoea?caoe?? ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?. Oea iiaeeeai eeoa ca i?i?ioio
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo ? iie?oe/ieo aeo?ao, a oaeiae i?e caaacia/aii?
aaeaino ?ioa?an?a ye ia iae?i-, oae ? ia i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio ??ai?. Ia
iae?iaeiiii?/iiio ??ai? iaiao?aeii aeio?eioaaoeny aaeaino ?ioa?an?a
aea?aeaae, i?eaaoiiai eai?oaeo ? oe?ieeo aa?noa ianaeaiiy, oiaoi
caaacia/eoe ceaaiaeo a noni?euenoa? ? i?aeo?eieo ?aoi?i. Ia
i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio ??ai? oey aeiiaa caaeiaieueiy?oueny caaaeyee
aaeainoaaiith ?ioa?an?a oae caaiiai oaa?aeiai yae?a, yea eiio?ieth? aei
75-85% aeoe?e (ia?a) ? aei neeaaeo yeiai aoiaeyoue o?oaeiaee eieaeoea,
aaei?i?no?aoe?y ? no?aoaa?/i? ?iaanoi?e.

3.7. Aaaeeeaei aniaeoii i?eaaoecaoe?? ia ae?oaiio ?? aoai? ? caeo/aiiy
?iaanoeoe?e ye a i?ioean? i?eaaoecaoe??, oae ? a iinoi?eaaoecaoe?eiiio
ia??iae?. Aeey oeueiai aeioe?eueii: oe?oa canoiniaoaaoe i?iaeaae aeoe?e
ia iaeiia?oe?eieo eiieo?nao i?ae ?iaanoeoe?ei? ciaia’ycaiiy c iineeaiiyi
eiio?ieth ca ?o aeeiiaiiyi; ni?inoeoe i?ioeaaeo?o i?iaaaeaiiy eiieo?no,
u?euei?oa ni?ai?aoethaaoe c iioaioe?eieie iieoioeyie (c iiceoe?e
aecia/aiiy aca?iii?eeiyoeeaeo oiia eiieo?no), noeioethaaoe ?o oeyoii
iaaeaiiy iiaeeeainoae ca?eueoaiiy /anoee a noaoooiiio oiiae? i?e
cae?eniaii? ?iaanoeoe?e; canoiniaoaaoe a?eueo aio/e? nenoaie ?ic?aooie?a
ca ia’?eo, ui i?eaaoeco?oueny; iaaeaoe i?eueae no?aoaa?/iei ?iaanoi?ai
(?icno?i/eo i?e nieao? aa?oino? i?eaeaaiiiai iaeia, i?eueaiaeo e?aaeeo?a
i?ae canoaao, cieaeaiiy aa?oino? iaeia, iniaeeai aeieia?/ii iaaacia/ieo
i?aei?e?inoa, c o?ce/ii oa ii?aeueii ciioaieie IO oiui); ca?eueoeoe
aeei?enoaiiy eioo?a, io?eiaieo a?ae i?eaaoecaoe??, ia oe?e?
?iaanooaaiiy oaoi?/iiai iiiaeaiiy i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa.

3.8. Aeey no?aoaa?/ii aaaeeeaeo ia’?eo?a aeioe?eueii canoiniaoaaoe
oe?iei iioe?aiee o na?oia?e i?aeoeoe? iaoai?ci oae caaii? “cieioi?
aeoe??”. I?aaa aea?aeaae ia oaeeo i?aei?e?inoaao iathoue aooe /?oei
aecia/ai?, ?iaeoa aaeueioaaoeiaoueny caeo/aiiy i?eaaoieo ?iaanoi??a.
Oa?i?i ae?? iaoai?cio “cieioi? aeoe??” aeioe?eueii aecia/aoe caeaaeii
a?ae iniaeeainoae aaeoc? oa oiia ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy.

3.9. Iaei??th c oiia oni?oiiai ? aaceiioe?eoiiai cae?eniaiiy
ia?aoai?aiue a?aeiinei aeaniino? ? caaacia/aiiy a?eueo oe?iei? o/ano? a
i?eaaoecaoe?? i?aei?e?inoa ?o i?aoe?aiee?a. A i?ioean? ?aoi?ioaaiiy
a?aeiinei aeaniino? a Oe?a?i? ? ni?eyoeeaa iiaeeea?noue ?icoe?aiiy
aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a ye i?ia?aneaiiai iai?yieo aaeineiiaeaiiy
noni?eueieo a?aeiinei. Aeey oeueiai aei caeiiiaeaanoaa Oe?a?ie noiniaii
i?eaaoecaoe?? iaiao?aeii aianoe oae? ci?ie: caaacia/eoe ?aae?caoe?th
i??i?eoaoiiai i?aaa o?oaeiaiai eieaeoeao o i?eaaoecaoe?? i?aei?e?inoa,
a oaeiae aeai?? oi?i i?aei?e?iieoeoaa; cae??ieoe ia caeiiiaeaa/iio ??ai?
i?aai o?oaeyueo ia o/anoue a oi?aae?ii? ae?iaieoeoaii; iaaeaoe i?eueae
i?aoe?aieeai i?aei?e?inoa ia aeeoi i?aei?e?inoa oa i?eaeaaiiy aeoe?e,
ai?iaaaeeoe i?eueaiaa iiiaeaoeoaaiiy aaie?a, ye? iaaeathoue e?aaeeoe
o?oaeiaei eieaeoeaai ia iiaiee /e /anoeiaee aeeoi iaeia i?aei?e?inoaa;
caaacia/eoe iiaeeea?noue ia?iuoaaiiy aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a ca ?aooiie
iiaeaeueoiai ?iaanooaaiiy ?icaeoeo i?eaaoeciaaieo i?aei?e?inoa oeyoii
canoinoaaiiy i?ia?ai, aiaeia?/ieo ANII.

3.10. Aeey caaacia/aiiy ni?eyoeeaeo oiia oi?ioaaiiy IOA a Oe?a?i?
iaiao?aeii ia?aaeaa/eoe ?aae?caoe?th oaeeo caoiae?a. Ii-ia?oa, ciyoe
iaiaa?oioiaai? iaiaaeaiiy uiaei ?o noai?aiiy. Ii-ae?oaa, aeioe?eueii
aca?iii ocaiaeeoe caeiiiaeaa/o aaco Oe?a?ie c oeueiai ieoaiiy ? e?a?i
NIAe. Ii-o?ao?, caaacia/eoe noai?aiiy ni?eyoeeaeo oiia aeey aeoea?caoe??
o/ano? o?iainiaeo onoaiia o i?eaaoecaoe?? ca ?aooiie i?euea (a ?ac?,
eiee aiie a?aoeiooue ia naaa ?ieue no?aoaa?/iiai ?iaanoi?a), ia?aaea/? a
oi?aae?iiy eiio?ieueieo iaeao?a aeoe?e. Ii-/aoaa?oa, ia?aaeaa/eoe
i?eueae i?e aeiaaino?ieiaiio e?aaeeooaaii?, iiiaeaoeoaaii? i?eaooeo i?e
eiai ?a?iaanooaaii? a ?aieao IOA, a oaeiae canoinoaaiiy i?eueaiaiai
?aaeeio aii?oecaoe??. Ii-i’yoa, aaeineiiaeeoe aioeiiiiiieueia
caeiiiaeaanoai aeoiaey/e c aeiia ? iniaeeainoae no/aniiai noaio
aeiiii?ee.

3.11. ?aae?caoe?y cacia/aieo caoiae?a aeicaieeoue caaacia/eoe
oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ae?iaie/iai
aia?aoo. Oea ni?eyoeia oni?oiiio ae??oaiith aeooaeueieo i?iaeai,
iia’ycaieo c aeoea?caoe??th ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?, iiiaeaiiyi
ae?iaie/iai aia?aoo ? eiai aoaeoeaiei ooieoe?iioaaiiyi, ui caaacia/eoue
iaiao?aei? ia?aaeoiiae aeey aeiiii?/iiai c?inoaiiy.

4. INIIAI? IOAE?EAOe?? CA ?ACOEUeOAOAIE AeINE?AeAEAIUe

Iiiia?ao??, ?icae?ee a eieaeoeaieo i?aoeyo:

1. ?oae/aiei I.TH. ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeoai?aiiy ? ?aoi?ioaaiiy ae?iaie/iai
aia?aoo. – E.: Oiaa?enoai “Ciaiiy”, 1998. – 213 n.

2. ?oae/aiei A.TH. Aini?iecaiaenoai ?aai/eo iano: oai?ey,
?aaoee?iaaiea. – E.: Iaoeiaa aeoiea, 1993. – 119 n.

3. Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie: iioaioe?ae, ?aoi?ie, ia?niaeoeae: Iiiia?. o 5 o.
O.2. I?iaeaie ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? a Oe?a?i? /Ca ?aae.
A.O.Aan?ae?ia, I.TH.?oae/aiea. – E.: IAeA? I?iaeiiii?ee, 1996. – 312 n.
(ni?aaaoi?e: Aan?ae?i A.O., Eiaaeueia I.O., A?eai A.?., Aeai?ae?ii A.I.,
Eo/a?aiei I.A., Aieiaei I.A., Iiaeueyi/ee I.?., Iiiiia?ueiaa I.N.;
iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 6,0 ae?. a?e.).

4. Eioaineoeeaoeey aini?iecaiaenoaa iniiaiuo oiiaeia / Eiaaeaa A.O.,
Naaa?ei A.I., ?oae/aiei A.TH. e ae?. – E.: Oyoieea, 1987. – 192 n.
(ni?aaaoi?e: Eiaaeueia I.O., Naaa?ei I.I., A?e/ei I.N., Iiaeeaanueeee
Ae.ss.; iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 3,0 ae?. a?e.).

5. Iniiaiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua oiiaeu: aiaeec e ieaie?iaaiea /Eiaaeaa
A.O, ?oae/aiei A.TH., Ceieiae/ E.I. e ae?. – E.: Oyoieea, 1990. – 240 n.
(ni?aaaoi?e: Eiaaeueia I.O., Ceieiae/ E.I., Iiaeueyi/ee I.?., ?oaio?ia
TH.?.; iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 3,0 ae?. a?e.).

6. Naaeaine?iaaiiinoue ?aai/eo iano e ?aai/ae neeu /Aieoeia I.A.,
Aiiaea?ue E.E., Aei?ioaiei E.N. e ae?. – E.: Oaoi?ea, 1989. – 152 n.
(ni?aaaoi?e: Ai?oeia I.A., Aiiaea? ?.E., Aei?ioaiei E.N., Eieaoiy E.A.,
Eiaaeueia I.O., Ua?aae I.A.; iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 1,5 ae?. a?e.).

7. Iaiiaeaiea paai/eo iano e eo naaeainepiaaiiinoue n opoaeiauie
panopnaie. – E.: Iaoeiaa aeoiea, 1987.- 247 n. (?icae.2.1 – 0,8
ae?.a?e.; ni?aaaoi? – A?e/ei I.N.; iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,5 ae?.
a?e.)

8. Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie: iioaioe?ae, ?aoi?ie, ia?niaeoeae: Iiiia?.o 5 o.
O.1. Iaeyae aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie ca 1990-1994 ?iee /Ca ?aae. A.O.
Aan?ae?ia, E.E. Eoeuei?inueei?. – E.: IAeA? I?iaeiiii?ee, 1996. – 480 n.
(?icae.X – 1,0 ae?.a?e.; ni?aaaoi?e: Aeai?ae?ii A.I.Eiaaeueia I.O.,
Iiiiia?ueiaa I.N., Iiaeueyi/ee I.?.; iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,5 ae?.
a?e.).

9. Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie: iioaioe?ae, ?aoi?ie, ia?niaeoeae: Iiiia?. o 5 o.
O.3. Iae?iaeiiii?/ia iie?oeea, i?iaiicoaaiiy ? aea?aeaaia ?aaoethaaiiy
aeiiii?ee. – E.: IAeA? I?iaeiiii?ee, 1996. – 440 n. (?icae.7.11 – 0,7
ae?.a?e.; ni?aaaoi? Aeai?ae?ii A.I.; iniaenoi aaoi?o iaeaaeaoue 0,35
ae?. a?e.).

A?ioo?e, iaoiaeeee, noaoo?, oace aeiiia?aeae:

10. Iaoiaee/aneea paeiiaiaeaoeee ii o/aoo e naaeainepiaaiiinoe
paai/eo iano e paai/ae neeu ia ipiiuoeaiiuo ipaaeipeyoeyo. – E.:
OepIEEIOE, 1984.-1,8 ae?.a?e. (ni?aaaoi?e Aiiaea? ?.E., Eiaaeueia I.O.,
Ai?oeia I.A., Eieaoiy E.A.; iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,5 ae?.a?e.)

11. ?aeiiaiaeaoeeee ii o/aoo, aooanoaoeee e naaeainepiaaiiinoe
paai/eo iano e paai/ae neeu ia ipiiuoeaiuo ipaaeipeyoeyo a.Eeaaa.- E.:
YIEE Ainieaia ONN?, 1984. – 1,7 ae?.a?e. (ni?aaaoi?e Aiiaea? ?.E.,
Eiaaeueia I.O. Ai?oeia I.A., Eieaoiy E.A.; iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o
0,5 ae?.a?e.)

12. Iaoiaee/aneea paeiiaiaeaoeee ii naaeainepiaaiiinoe paai/eo
iano e opoaeiauo panopnia ii oa?peoipee (iaeanoe). E.: YIEE Ainieaia
ONN?, 1989. – N.24. -1,25 ae?.a?e. (ni?aaaoi?e Aiiaea? ?.E., Ai?oeia
I.A., Eieaoiy E.A., Ae?ocaaa I.?., Ua?aae I.A., Aieiniaea?iaa A.A.;
iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,1 ae?.a?e.).

13. Iaoiaee/aneea paeiiaiaeaoeee ii pacainoaeapnoaeaieth e
ipeaaoecaoeee nianoaaiiinoe.- E.: ANYE, 1991.- 140 n. – 0,6 ae?.a?e.
(ni?aaaoi?e Aan?ae?i A.O., Eiaaeueia I.O.; iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o
0,2 ae?.a?e).

14. Iaoiaeeea iii?oi?eiao nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo ? aeieia?/ieo
iane?aee?a i?eaaoecaoe??.- E.: IAeA? I?iaeiiii?ee, 1996.- 1,75 ae?.a?e.
(ni?aaaoi?e Aeie?oi?e I.?., Ieea A.?., Aeaaeioea N.A., Eiaaeueia I.O.;
iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,5 ae?.a?e.).

15. Aaiae, inaiaiea e eniieueciaaiea ipiecaiaenoaaiiuo
iiuiinoae.- E.: OepIEEIOE, 1989. – N.22.- 1,4 ae?.a?e. (ni?aaaoi?e
Eiaaeueia I.O., Ceiueeiae/ E.I., Iao?aiei A.A., Oea/aiei A.?.;
iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,3 ae?.a?e.).

16. Iiuo aiaaepaiey iiiainiaiiiai paaeeia paaiou ia ipiiuoeaiiuo
ipaaeipeyoeyo /Aeaauaeiaa I.E., Eiaaeaa A.O., ?oae/aiei A.TH.,Oea/aiei
A.E. .- E.:OepIEEIOE, 1989.- 24 n. – 1,4 ae?.a?e. (iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi
aaoi?o 0,7 ae?.a?e.).

17. Eicoa A.I., ?oae/aiei A.TH. Ninoiyiea ipecaiaenoaaiiiai
aiiapaoa ipiiuoeaiiinoe e iniaai-iinoe aai iaiiaeaiey.- Ca.”Iooe
iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiin-oe eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee e iniia-iuo oiiaeia a
Oepaeineie NN?”. – E.: YIEE Ainieaia ONN?, 1989. – N.4-14. – 0,7
ae?.a?e. (iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,25 ae?.a?e.).

18. Eiaaeaa A.O., ?oae/aiei A.TH. Niaapoainoaiaaiea pan/aoa
ipiec-aiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae //Na.”Iooe iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe
eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee e iniiaiuo oiiaeia a Oepaeineie NN?. – E.: YIEE
Ainieaia ONN?, 1989. – N.46-51.- 0,4 ae?.a?e. (iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi
aaoi?o 0,2 ae?.a?e.).

19. Eiaaeaa A.O., ?oae/aiei A.TH. Eiyooeoeeaio niaiiinoe –
?aaoeyoi? naaeaine?iaaiiinoe ?aai/eo iano e ?aai/ae neeu //Yeiiiieea
Niaaoneie Oe?aeiu. – 1990. – ? 4. – N.60-64. – 0,5 ae?.a?e. (iaeaaeeoue
iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,25 ae?.a?e.).

20. ?oae/aiei I.TH., Eiaaeueia I.O. Cae?eniaiiy i?aaa
a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie ia aaca?aeieaoio i?eaaoecaoe?th aea?aeaaii? aeaniino?
//Aeiiii?ea Oepa?ie. – 1993. – ? 10. – 0,8 ae?.a?e. (iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi
aaoi?o 0,4 ae?.a?e.)

21. ?oae/aiei I.TH., Iiaeueyi/ee I.?., Othothi I.O. Ioe?iea
i?ioean?a ia?aoai?aiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? a i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie
//Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie. – 1994. – ? 9. – N.35-42. – 0,8 ae?.a?e.
(iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,3 ae?.a?e.).

22. ?oae/aiei I.TH., Iiaeueyi/ee I.?.Caeo/aiiy ?iicaiieo
?iaanoeoe?e i?e i?eaaoecaoe? a Oe?a?i? //Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie. – 1995. – ?
11. – N.46-52. – 0,8 ae?.a?e. (iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,3 ae?.a?e.).

23. Eiaaeueia I.O., ?oae/aiei I.TH. ?aaoethaaiiy i?aiaeieo
a?aeiinei a Oe?a?i? ? aoaeoeai?noue ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aiaeieo
i?aei?e?inoa //Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie. – 1995. – ? 4. – N.67-72.- 0,6
ae?.a?e. (iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,3 ae?.a?e.).

24. Eiaaeueia I.O., ?oae/aiei I.TH. Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? aniaeoe
i?eaaoecaoe?? //Oe?a?ia: aniaeoe i?aoe?. – 1995. – ?? 3, 4. – 0,5
ae?.a?e. (iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,25 ae?.a?e.).

25. Eiaaeueia I.O., ?oae/aiei I.TH. Aeani?noue i?aoe?aiee?a
i?aei?e?inoaa //Oe?a?ia: aniaeoe i?aoe?. – 1995 . ? 7. – 0,6 ae?.a?e.
(iaeaaeeoue iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,3 ae?.a?e.).

26. Eiaaeueia I.O., ?oae/aiei I.TH., Naoi?e ?.N.
Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? iane?aeee i?eaaoecaoe?? a Oe?a?i? //Oe?a?ia:
aniaeoe i?aoe?. – 1997. – ? 8. – N.36-41.- 0,6 ae?.a?e. (iaeaaeeoue
iniaenoi aaoi?o 0,3 ae?.a?e.).

27. ?oae/aiei A.TH. I?iaeaiu aini?iecaiaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
aiia?aoa: Iaoa?eaeu eiioa?aioeee “I?iaeaiu ia?aoiaea e nioeeaeueii
i?eaioe?iaaiiie ?uii/iie yeiiiieea a iinonioeeaeenoe/aneeo no?aiao”. –
E., 10-11 ethey 1997 a. – 0,2 ae?.a?e.

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