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Ринкові економічні системи. Проблеми становлення, функціональної структуризації і типологізації в перехідних економіках: Автореф. дис… канд. екон. н

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I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE

EUeA?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO ?I. ?.O?AIEA

NETHNA?*EE IEOAEEI IAAEIAE*

OAeE 330.342

?EIEIA? AEIIII?*I? NENOAIE

I?iaeaie noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iiaeueii? no?oeoo?ecaoe?? ?

oeiieia?caoe?? a ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao

Niaoe?aeuei?noue: 08.01.01 – Aeiiii?/ia oai??y

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Euea?a – 1998

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia o Euea?anuee?e eiia?oe?ei?e aeaaeai?? Oeiiini?eee.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Neea?inueeee Noai?neaa Aieiaeeie?iae/,

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e ia?eaoeiao ? CAAe Euea?anueei? eiia?oe?eii?
aeaaeai??.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe , i?ioani?

Iaaeeoaiei Ieoaeei Ieeieaeiae/,

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e aeiiii?/ii? oai??? Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo;

– eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

??aoi Ethaiie? Aieiaeeie?iae/,

eaoaae?e aeiiii?/ii? oai??? Oe?a?inueeiai

aea?aeaaiiai e?nioaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Oaeai?iaenueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao,

eaoaae?a aeiiii?/ii? oai???.

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny 29 a?oaeiy 1998 ?. i 15 aiae. ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 35.051.01 ii caoenoo
aeena?oaoe?e ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a iaoe o
Euea?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i. ?. O?aiea ca aae?anith: i.
Euea?a, i?.Naiaiaee, 18.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. ?.O?aiea ca
aae?anith: 290005, i.Euea?a, aoe. Ae?aaiiaiiaa, 5.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii 28 eenoiiaaea 1998 ?ieo.

A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
Iai/eoei N.I

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. No/aniee aoai ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyii?
aeiiii?ee oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aeeaieeie ?eieiaeie ia?aoai?aiiyie on?o ??
noa?. ?eieiaa o?ainoi?iaoe?y i?io?ea? c iaaieie o?oaeiiuaie ?
noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny aeiiii?/iei niaaeii ?, iaa?oue, iaaiith
aeaa?aaeaoe??th iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee. I?e/ei iaaaoeaiiai oiaeo
?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue a Oe?a?i? aaaaoi, na?aae ieo oae?, ye iaaeinoaoi?e
?icaeoie aeiiii?/ii? oai??? ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?e ? oi?ioaaiiy ci?oaieo
aeiiii?/ieo nenoai. O eiiieaen? caaaeaiue noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo
aeiiii?/ii? oai??? ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?e iaei??th c oeaio?aeueieo ?
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo ?eieiaeo
aeiiii?/ieo nenoai.

O no/ani?e aeiiii?/i?e e?oa?aoo?? (ye o a?o/eciyi?e, oae ? a
ca?oa?aei?e) iaa?iiaaeaeaiee cia/iee aeina?ae aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai
noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai.
Iaeiae o cao?aei?e aeiiii?/i?e e?oa?aoo?? oey i?iaeaia aeine?aeaeo?oueny
a “iaoa??ae?” no/anieo ?icaeiooeo cao?aeieo aeiiii?e, a o a?o/eciyi?e
aeiiii?/i?e e?oa?aoo?? ?eieia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie aea/athoueny aeaui
aano?aeoii, o a?ae?ea? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai oi?ioaaiiy a Oe?a?i?
ci?oaii? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie. A oe?e aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ie i?aaiaii
a i??o iaoeo nee ? iiaeeeainoae e?ea?aeoaaoe oeth i?iaaeeio, aai c?iaeoe
oi/a a aeaye? e?iee a aeaiiio iai?yieo, a ?icaeoeo aeiiii?/ii? oai???
?eieiaeo nenoai.

Ia’?eo oa i?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy a
aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? aenooiathoue ?eieia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie a
ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao. I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – aea/aiiy
iaecaaaeuei?oeo i?eioeei?a noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo
?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai ? ia oe?e iniia? oi?ioaaiiy ci?oaieo
aeiiii?/ieo nenoai.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie
aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee i?aeaioiaeai? i?iiiceoe?? aei iaoeiaeo oai, ui
aeeiioaaeenue i?aoe?aieeaie Euea?anueei? eiia?oe?eii? aeaaeai?? oa ?ioeo
iaa/aeueieo ? iaoeiaeo caeeaae?a i. Eueaiaa: 1.I?iaeaie ooieoe?iioaaiiy
oa ?icaeoeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai (iaoeiaee ea??aiee – i?ioani? A. ?.
Aaoiyiei). 2. Ia?ao?aei? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie (iaoeiaee ea??aiee- i?ioani?
A.?. Aaoiyiei). 3.Nenoaie aeiiiiii?/iiai aei??o (iaoeiaee ea??aiee-
i?ioani? A.?.Aaoiyiei). 4. Ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo niiaeea/i? eiiia?aoe?? a
?eieiaiio na?aaeiaeu? (iaoeiaee ea??aiee – i?ioani? A.A.Aiii?e).

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aeyaeaiiy
iaecaaaeuei?oeo i?eioeei?a noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo
?eieiaeo nenoai o ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao. A i?ioean? ?aae?caoe?? oe???
iaoe ?ica’ycothoueny oae? caaaeaiiy:

1. Cae?enith?oueny caaaeueiioai?aoe/iee aiae?c ?noi?e/ii? aaiethoe??
oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai, a oaeiae ?o ooieoe?iiaeueii-?noi?e/ia
oeiieia?caoe?y.

2. Ia iniia? ?ica’ycaiiy oeueiai ia?oiai caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeothoueny
iaecaaaeuei?o? i?eioeeie noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo
?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai.

3. Aeoiaey/e c caaaeueiioai?aoe/ieo iiceoe?e, noaaeoueny caaaeaiiy
cae?enieoe ooieoe?iiaeueii-?noi?e/io oeiieia?caoe?th ?eieiaeo
aeiiii?/ieo nenoai, a oaeiae aeyaeoe iaecaaaeuei?o? i?eioeeie ?o
ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo a ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao.

4. O eiioaeno? oai?aoe/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai noaiiaeaiiy,
ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai aea/athoueny
oe?iia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie ye oeaio?aeueia eaiea ? i?aenoieiaa oi?ia
ia?oeo.

5. Oe?iia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie oaeiae aeine?aeaeothoueny a eiioaeno? ?o
?noi?e/iiai noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo ? ia oe?e iniia?
cae?enith?oueny a?aeiia?aeia ?o ooieoe?iiaeueia ?noi?e/ia
oeiieia?caoe?y.

6. O i?ioean? caaaeueiioai?aoe/iiai aiae?co oe?iiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai
a ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao cae?enith?oueny ni?iaa ?ic?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe??
uiaei oi?ioaaiiy ?aoe?iiaeueii? i?aeoeee ?eieiaiai oe?iiooai?aiiy a
ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao.

Iaoiaeieia?/ia iniiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iath aenooia?, ii-ia?oa,
iaoiaeieia?y nenoaiiiai aiae?co, ii-ae?oaa, iaoiaeieia?y i?e?i- ?
iae?i-aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co, ii-o?ao?, eeane/i?, iinoeeane/i? ? no/ani?
oai??? ?eieiaeo nenoai.

Oai?aoe/ia iniiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy. A aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? aiae?c
i?iaeai noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo
nenoai cae?enith?oueny ia iniia? eeane/ii?, iinoeeane/ii? ? no/anieo
oai??e ?eieiaeo nenoai, a oaeiae i?aoeue a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo
aaoi??a c ?eieiai? i?iaeaiaoeee ca inoaii?e /an.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Ci?no iaoeiai? iiaecie
aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a ?ic?iaoe? ooieoe?iiaeueii? oeiieia?caoe??
oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai c iiceoe?e ?o noaiiaeaiiy oa ?icaeoeo a
ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao. C iiceoe?e aaiethoe?? oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo
nenoai aiae?cothoueny iniiai? ooieoe?iiaeuei? oeie ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo
nenoai ? iniaeeaino? ?o ?icaeoeo a ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao.

O eiioaeno? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa
?icaeoeo oiaa?ieo ? ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai cae?enith?oueny
oai?aoe/iee aiae?c iniiaieo ooieoe?iiaeueieo oei?a oe?iiaeo aeiiii?/ieo
nenoai ? ia oe?e iniia? ?ic?iaeythoueny ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei oi?ioaaiiy
?aoe?iiaeueii? i?aeoeee oe?iiooai?aiiy a ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e oi?ioaaii? iniia
aeiiii?/ii? oai??? ia?ao?aeieo nenoai, a oaeiae o iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean?
i?e aeeeaaeaii? ooiaeaiaioaeueieo aeiiii?/ieo aeenoeeie?i.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. ?acoeueoaoe
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e oi?ioaaii?
aea?aeaaii? iie?oeee ?aaoethaaiiy ?eieiaeo ? oe?iiaeo nenoai o
ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao ia ?aa?iiaeueiiio ? caaaeueiiaea?aeaaiiio ??aiyo.
Aeaye? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aoee aeei?enoai? i?e ?ic?iaoe?
?aa?iiaeueieo i?ia?ai ?icaeoeo iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aei iniiaieo iaoeiaeo ?acoeueoao?a, ye?
noaiiaeyoue iniaenoee caeiaooie aeena?oaioa ? aeiinyoueny ia caoeno, ?:

Ooieoe?iiaeueia oeiieia?caoe?y oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai ? aecia/aiiy
?o oa?aeoa?o a ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao.

Ooieoe?iiaeueia oeiieia?caoe?y ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai ? aeyaeaiiy
caaaeueieo i?eioeei?a ?o noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo a
ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy caaaeueieo i?eioeei?a ooieoe?iioaaiiy oe?iiaeo nenoai o
ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao ? ?ic?iaea ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei ?o
?aoe?iiaeueiiai aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
aoei ai?iaiaaii ia i?aeia?iaeieo ? anaoe?a?inueeeo iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo
eiioa?aioe?yo: “Aeiiiiao?e/i? iaoiaee ? iiaeae? a aeiiii?oe?: oai??y ?
i?aeoeea” (Euea?a, 1998); “Canoinoaaiiy ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee,
iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy oa iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoiae?a o iaoeiaeo
aeine?aeaeaiiyo” (Euea?a, 1996): “No/ani? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??”
(Euea?a, 1995).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
iioae?eiaaii 13 i?aoeue caaaeueiei ianyaii 2,4 ae.a. (iniaenoi aaoi?a –
2.0 ae.a.), cie?aia: 5 noaoae o oaoiaeo iaoeiaeo aeaeaiiyo, 6 noaoae o
iaoa??aeao eiioa?aioe?e, 2 oace iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?e.

Ianya ? no?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, o?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a ? nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (128 iiceoe?e).
?iaioa i?noeoue 8 oaaeeoeue ? 59 ?enoie?a.Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eii?
?iaioe aeeeaaeaii ia 176 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie ? noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiaeo
no?oeoo?” aiae?co?oueny c caaaeueiioai?aoe/ieo iiceoe?e i?iaeaia
noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai.

1.1. ?eieia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie ?noi?e/ii noi?ioaaeeny a i?ioean?
noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai. Oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i?
nenoaie – oea oae? nenoaie, a yeeo cia/ia /anoeia i?iaeoeo?a ? iineoa,
ui aeaioiaeythoueny a iaai?e ainiiaea?nuee?e no?oeoo??, oiaa?eco?oueny,
oiaoi ia?aoai?th?oueny a oiaa?e. A no/ani?e ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? oiaa? – oea
oaeee i?iaeoeo iaaii? ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino?, yeee iaaeoiaeeoue o
niiaeeaaiiy /a?ac ?eieiao nenoaio. A?i ia? iaaio oe?ii?noue (aa?o?noue),
yea aecia/a?oueny ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi a?aie/ieo aeo?ao ia eiai aeaioiaeaiiy
? a?aie/ii? ei?eniino? a i?ioean? eiai niiaeeaaiiy.

1.2. Oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie ye ia’?eoeaio iniiao ?icaeoeo ?eieiaeo
aeiiii?/ieo nenoai iiaeia oiiaii iiae?eeoe ia e?eueea oei?a. Oei ia?oee
– oea iaaeineiiae? (ia/eno?, iaiiai?) oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, a yeeo
oiaa?eco?oueny eeoa /anoeia i?iaeoeo?a ? iineoa. Oei ae?oaee – oea
aeineiiae? (/eno?, iiai?) oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, a yeeo
oiaa?eco?oueny iaeaea any iana i?iaeoeoe?? ? iineoa, ui
aeaioiaeythoueny. A i?ioean? ?noi?e/iiai ia?aoiaeo a?ae iaaeineiiaeeo
aei aeineiiaeeo oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai ? a?aeaoany i?ioean
noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiaeo no?oeoo? ? ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai caaaeii.
?eieia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie – oea oae? nenoaie, ye? noi?ioaaeeny
iaeii/anii ?c noaiiaeaiiyi ? ?icaeoeii oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai ? ye?
noaiiaeyoue niaith iaaio nenoaio ca’yce?a i?ae iieoioeyie (niiaeeaa/aie)
? i?iaeaaoeyie (ae?iaieeaie) oiaa??a ? iineoa.

1.3. A ?noi?e/iiio ?icaeoeo oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai iiaeia aeae?eeoe
o?e ?noi?e/ieo ia??iaee. Ia?oee ia??iae – oea noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoie
i?inoi? oiaa?ii? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie. I?inoa oiaa?ia aeiiii?/ia nenoaia
aaco?oueny ia ?iaeea?aeoaeuei?e aeaniino? i?aoe?aiee?a ? ?o aeanii?
i?aoe?. Ae?oaee ia??iae – oea noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoie eai?oae?noe/ii?
oiaa?ii? nenoaie, a ye?e aeei?enoiao?oueny iaeiaia i?aoey ? ii?ooo?oueny
oioiaei?noue a?aeiinei aeaniino? ? i?aoe? (i?aoe?aieee aaea ia
iaia’yceiai ? aeanieeaie ?ano?n?a ae?iaieoeoaa). O?ao?e ia??iae – oea
o?ainoi?iaoe?y oiaa?ii? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie a iinooiaa?io aeiiii?/io
nenoaio. Iinoiaa?ia aeiiii?/ia nenoaia – oea oaea aeiiii?/ia nenoaia,
yea aaco?oueny, ii-ia?oa, ia ?ioaa?iaaieo oi?iao aeaniino?
(aeoe?iia?ieo, ei?ii?aoeaieo, iiiiiie?noe/ieo oiui), ii-ae?oaa, ia
?ioaa?aoe?? i?aoe? (a ia o?eueee aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? i?aoe? ye o oiaa?ieo
nenoaiao), ii-o?ao?, aiia ?icaeaa?oueny ia iniia? ia o?eueee
niaoe?ae?caoe??, aea e aeeaa?neo?eaoe?? i?aoe? ? eai?oaeo, ii-/aoaa?oa,
a ieo ia?aaaaeathoue i?ioeane aeaiiiiiie?caoe??, aeaoeaio?ae?caoe??,
aeaeiioeaio?aoe?? ? nioe?ae?caoe??, ii-i’yoa, a oeeo nenoaiao ia?a
oiaa??a ? iineoa cae?eniththoue iaia?ia? ? e?aaeeoi? (aeaiiceoi?) a?io?.

1.4. C iiceoe?? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? iniiae no/ani? oiaa?i?
aeiiii?/i? nenoaie ? iinoeai?oae?noe/ieie aai iinonioe?ae?noe/ieie, ye a
Oe?a?i?. A c iiceoe?e oaoi?/ii? iniiae aiie ? aai ?iaeono??aeueieie, aai
iino?iaeono??aeueieie. A Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo aeiiii?ee
oiaa?ia aeiiii?/ia nenoaia ia? eaac?iino?iaeono??aeueiee oa?aeoa?. C
iiceoe?e oa?aeoa?o ?aaoeyoe?? no/ani? oiaa?i? nenoaie aoaathoue
ci?oaieie ? ia?ao?aeieie. Ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyii?
aeiiii?ee oi?io?oueny ia?ao?aeia oiaa?ia aeiiii?/ia nenoaia.

1.5. O nai?io ?noi?e/iiio ?icaeoeo oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie
aaiethoe?iiothoueny a?ae iaaeineiiaeeo aei aeineiiaeeo. A iaaeineiiaeeo
nenoaiao oiaa?eco?oueny eeoa /anoeia i?iaeoeo?a ? iineoa, a a
aeineiiaeeo – iaeaea an? i?iaeoeoe ? iineoae. Iaeiae o oai?aoe/iiio
aiae?c? oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai ?o aea/aiiy aeioe?euei?oa
cae?enithaaoe a ?ic??c? “/eno?-?aaeuei?” nenoaie. *enoeie iaceaathoue
oae? oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, a yeeo oiaa?ecothoueny aaniethoii an?
i?iaeoeoe ? iineoae, a ?aaeueieie – oae? nenoaie, a yeeo oiaa?eco?oueny
eeoa iaaia /anoeia i?iaeoeo?a ? iineoa.

1.6. Ca nooiaiai oiaa?ecaoe?? aeaa ? iineoa iiaeia aeae?eeoe o?e
??ciiaeaee /enoeo oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai. Ii-ia?oa, oea oe?eeiaeoi
/eno? oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, a yeeo oiaa?ecothoueny an? aeaaa ?
iineoae, ii-ae?oaa, oea eaac?/eno? oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, a yeeo
iacia/ia /anoeia aeaa ? iineoa ia oiaa?eco?oueny, ?, ii-o?ao?, oea oae?
/eno? oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, ye? iathoue oaiaeaioe?th aei
ia?aoai?aiiy o ci?oai? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie. A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai o
iaoe?iiaeuei?e i?e?iaeiiii?/i?e nenoai? aeae?eythoue o?e naeoi?e:
/enoee, eaac?/enoee ? ia/enoee. Ca nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iith iniiaith
/eno? oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie aoaathoue eai?oae?noe/ieie ?
iinoeai?oae?noe/ieie aai nioe?ae?noe/ieie ? iinonioe?ae?noe/ieie.
Inoaii? oi?ioththoueny a oiiaao aeii?iaioii? ?ie? oaei? aea?aeaaii?
aeaniino?, yea iineeaii aeiiiaith?oueny i?eaaoiith aeani?noth. A
?icaeiooeo cao?aeieo aeiiii?eao /enoee oiaa?iee naeoi? ia? oaiaeaioe?th
aei caoaeaiiy, o ca’yceo c oei, ui ?icoe?th?oueny noni?eueiee ?
eaac?noni?eueiee naeoi?e aeiiii?ee.

O ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie ia no/aniiio aoai? ?? ?icaeoeo /enoee
oiaa?iee naeoi? aeiiii?ee, iaaiaee, ?icoe?th?oueny ca ?aooiie
a?aeiia?aeiiai nei?i/aiiy noni?eueiiai ? eaac?noni?eueiiai naeoi??a
aeiiii?ee.

1.7. Ia iniia? iaaii? o?ainoi?iaoe?? /enoi? oiaa?ii? nenoaie oi?io?oueny
?aaeueia aai ci?oaia oiaa?ia aeiiii?/ia nenoaia, a ye?e aeineoue cia/iei
? iicaoiaa?iee aai iica?eieiaee naeoi? aeiiii?ee. Ia a?aei?io a?ae
/enoi? oiaa?ii? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie, ?aaeueia oiaa?ia nenoaia
ooieoe?iio? a oiiaao eiie?aoiiai /e eiio?aeoiiai ?eieo, ia yeiio ?eieiaa
oe?ia oi?io?oueny ai??i?ii ia eiio?aeoi?e iniia? ? a ?acoeueoao? iaaiiai
eiii?ii?no i?ae ae?iaieeaie ? niiaeeaa/aie i?iaeoeoe??. A ?aaeueieo
oiaa?ieo nenoaiao cia/iei ? iica?eieiaee /e iicaoiaa?iee naeoi?, a yeiio
aeae?eythoue noni?eueiee ? eaac?noni?eueiee naeoi?e. Caeaaeii a?ae
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ?eieiaiai ? iica?eieiaiai naeoi??a o neeaae? ?aaeueieo
oiaa?ieo nenoai aeae?eythoue e?eueea ?o aeae?a. Aeae ia?oee – oea
?aaeuei? oiaa?i? nenoaie, a yeeo ieoiia aaaa oiaa?iiai naeoi?a ?
iacia/iith ? a yeeo aano?aeoiee ?eiie i?aeii?yaeeiao? nia? eiie?aoiee.
Oiaa?i? ?aaeuei? nenoaie a ?icaeiooeo e?a?iao aoee iai?aieie aei e?ioey
ae?oai? iieiaeie OO no. Aeae ae?oaee – oea iinooiaa?i? ?aaeuei?
aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, ye? ii/aee oi?ioaaoeny a ?icaeiooeo e?a?iao o
ae?oa?e iieiaei? OO no. ? a yeeo cia/io ieoiio aaao caeia? iaoiaa?iee
naeoi?, a a neeaae? ?eieiaiai naeoi?a aeii?io? eiie?aoiee ?eiie.
?aaeuei? oiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie ? aoaeoeai?oeie a?ae /enoeo nenoai a
aeiaaio?eaaeiio ? a a?ia?aeiaaio?eaaeiio ?eieiaiio ia??iaeao ? a
nioe?aeueiiio ieai?. Iinooiaa?i? ?aaeuei? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie ?
aoaeoeai?oeie a?ae oiaa?ieo ?aaeueieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai a
aeiaaio?eaaeiio ? a?ia?aeiaaio?eaaeiio ?eieiaiio ia??iaeao, a oaeiae a
nioe?aeueiiio ieai?. A Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyii?
aeiiii?ee aeiiii?/ia nenoaia iiaea aooe eaae?o?eiaaia ye
eaac?iinooiaa?ia, oiaoi oaea, yea aeayeith i??ith aaea ia?aoai?aia a
iinooiaa?io.

1.8. ?eieiaa aeiiii?/ia nenoaia ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo
iaoe?iiaeueieo aeiiii?e o iae?icaeioo?oeo e?a?iao oi?io?oueny ?
?icaeaa?oueny a oiiaao noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo iinooiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo
nenoai. Iinooiaa?ia aeiiii?/ia nenoaia aeieea? ia iniia? o?ainoi?iaoe??
oiaa?ii? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie. Iaeoa?aeoa?i?oith iniaeea?noth
iinooiaa?ii? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie ? oa, ui aiia ooieoe?iio? ?
?icaeaa?oueny a oiiaao eiie?aoiiai ?eieo, a yeiio eiai aaaioe
anooiathoue i?ae niaith a aeiiii?/iee eiioaeo aei ii/aoeo aeaioiaeaiiy
aeaa ? iineoa. Iniiaiei aeiiii?/iei ia?aiao?ii eiie?aoiiai ?eieo ?
eiio?aeoia oe?ia, yea oi?io?oueny ca noaiith “aeiiii?/i? aeo?aoe – iethn
”. I?e oi?ioaaii? eiio?aeoii? oe?ie aaaeeeao ?ieue a?ae?a?a? oe?ia /ano,
/e oe?ia niiaeeaaiiy, yea aecia/a?oueny aaee/eiith ai?iaieo aeo?ao
(iaaeio?eiaiiai a?ioiaiai aeioiaeo, aai iaaeiiio?eiaii? a?ioiai? aeaiaee
niiaeeaa/?a).

1.9. A oiiaao iinooiaa?ii? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie o ca’yceo c oei, ui
??aaiue eiio?aeoieo oe?i iaeaea i?eiee ia ca?aa?oueny c ??aiai
eiieo?aioieo oe?i, ii?ooo?oueny nenoaia ?iciiae?eo ?ano?n?a, a iaei?e
noa?? iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee ia? iaaeeeoeiaee, a a ?io?e –
iaaeinoaoi?e (aeao?oeeoiee) ?iciiae?e ?ano?n?a. Iinooiaa?iee naeoi? o
?icaeiooeo aeiiii?eao ia? cia/io ieoiio aaao, a?i ioiieth? ia?aaaaeii
aaeoc?, a yeeo aeaioiaeythoueny ?iaanoeoe?ei? oiaa?e, a oaeiae niiaeea/?
oiaa?e aeiaaio?eaaeiai aeei?enoaiiy (“oaa?ae?” niiaeea/? oiaa?e).

1.10. Iiaeia aeae?eeoe aeaa iniiaieo oeie no/anieo iinooiaa?ieo
aeiiii?/ieo nenoai. Oei ia?oee – oea iinoeai?oae?noe/i? iinooiaa?i?
aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, ye? ? oa?aeoa?ieie aeey iae?icaeioo?oeo a
aeiiii?/iiio a?aeiioaii? e?a?i Caoiaeo ? ye? ooieoe?iiothoue a oiiaao
aeii?iaioii? ?ie? i?eaaoii? aeaniino? ? ?eieiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy
aeiiii?/ieo i?ioean?a, a oaeiae cia/iiai noni?eueiiai ?
eaac?noni?eueiiai naeoi??a aeiiii?ee. Oei ae?oaee – oea
iinonioe?ae?noe/i? iinooiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, ye? ii/aee
oi?ioaaoeny a e?a?iao ?aaeueiiai eieeoiueiai nioe?ae?cio iai?ee?ioe?
80-o – ia ii/aoeo 90-o ?ie?a, ? ye? ooieoe?iiothoue a oiiaao iiee ui
i??i?eoaoii? ?ie? aea?aeaaii? aeaniino? ? aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy,
iaeiae a yeeo iaooeeueii c?inoa? ?ieue i?eaaoii? aeaniino? ? ?eieiai?
?aaoeyoe??.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Ooieoe?iiaeueia no?oeoo?a ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo
nenoai ? i?iaeaie ?o oeiieia?caoe??” ia iniia? iiia?aaeiueiai aea/aiiy
i?iaeai noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo oiaa?ieo aeiiii?/ieo
nenoai cae?enith?oueny oai?aoe/iee aiae?c ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai a
eiioaeno? ?o noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo a ia?ao?aeieo
aeiiii?eao.

2.1. Ca nai?th ooieoe?iiaeueiith no?oeoo?ith aoaeue-yea ?eieiaa
aeiiii?/ia nenoaia neeaaea?oueny ?c nenoaie ?eieiaiai iiieoo ? ?eieiai?
i?iiiceoe??. A ei?ioeio?eaaeiio ?eieiaiio ia??iae? i??i?eoaoio ?ieue
a?ae?a?a? ?eieiaee iiieo. I?ae iei i?eeiyoi ?icoi?oe oeaeo aai a?ao?e,
ye? a?aeia?aaeothoue o? ianyae i?iaeoeoe??, ye? oi/a ? iiaea aeeoieoe
iieoiaoeue ia ?eieo ca iaaieie oe?iaie ? ca iaaiee ia??iae /ano.
Aeae?eythoue, ii-ia?oa, ?iaeea?aeoaeueiee, aai ie?aiee, iiieo;
ii-ae?oaa, ?eieiaee iiieo; ii-o?ao?, noeoiiee iiieo. Caeaaei?noue i?ae
iiieoii ? oe?iith iaa?iaia, iaeiae eiie?aoiee oa?aeoa? oe??? caeaaeiino?
aecia/a?oueny oe?eith nenoaiith oaeoi??a, na?aae yeeo ? oae?, ye
oa?aeoa? oiaa?o /e iineoae, o?eaae?noue ?eieiaiai ia??iaeo,
ooieoe?iiaeueiee oei iiieoo, oa?aeoa? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie caaaeii oiui.
Caeii iiieoo, oiaoi iaa?iaio caeaaei?noue i?ae iiieoii ? oe?iith,
iiyniththoue aai caeiiii a?aie/ii? ei?eniino?, aai aoaeoii aeioiaeo, aai
aoaeoii cai?uaiiy. Caeii niaaeath/i? a?aie/ii? ei?eniino? iiaea
?icaeyaeaoeny ye iniiaia aeaoa?i?iaioa ae?? caeiio iiieoo eeoa a
ei?ioeio?eaaeiio ?eieiaiio ia??iae?. A aeiaaio?eaaeiio ?eieiaiio
ia??iae? iaoai?ci ae?? oeueiai caeiio aeioe?euei?oa iiynithaaoe aoaeoii
aeioiaeo /e aoaeoii cai?uaiiy.

2.2. O no/aniiio aeiiii?/iiio aiae?c? aeoiaeyoue c oiai, ui oe?iia? ?
?eieia? nenoaie ? a?aeiinii oioiaeieie ? iniiaiei oaeoi?ii oi?ioaaiiy
iiieoo ? ?eieiaa oe?ia, yea caaea? oi?io e?eai? iiieoo. Oaeoi?aie ci?ie
ianya?a ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai iiieoo aenooiathoue niiaeea/? niaee
iieoioe?a, e?euee?noue iieoioe?a ia ?eieo, ?ici?? a?ioiaiai aeioiaeo
niiaeeaa/?a, oe?ie ia noi?aei? oiaa?e, i/?eoaaiiy ci?ie oe?i, aeioiaeo
oa aeao?oeeoo. E??i ia?ae?/aieo oaeoi??a, ia ianyae ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai
iiieoo aieeaathoue oaeiae ? oaeoi?e iaaeiiii?/iiai oa?aeoa?o –
ineoieia?/iee, ee?iaoe/iee, aeieia?/iee, iie?oe/iee.

2.3. Noeoiiee iiieo oi?io?oueny oaeiae i?ae aieeaii aeaio a?oi oaeoi??a.
Ia?oa a?oia oaeoi??a – oea oe?iia? (??aaiue noeoiieo oe?i ia
i?iaeoeoe?th), ye? aecia/athoue ii/aoeiaee ??aaiue noeoiiiai iiieoo,
ae?oaa a?oia – iaoe?iia?, na?aae yeeo iaenooo?a?oee iiieo ia
?iaanoeoe?ei? oiaa?e: naia a?i ia? iaea?eueoo aiie?ooaeo eieeaaiue ? oei
naiei coiiaeth? aeiiii?/io ianoaa?euei?noue. A Oe?a?i? 1991-1996 ??.
iaeaaaeeea?oei oaeoi?ii aieeao ia ianyae noeoiiiai iiieoo aoei
ciaoe?iaiiy o?iainiaeo ? iaoa??aeueieo aeoea?a. Ciaoe?iaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueieo a?ioae ia?aaaaeii iiceoeaii aieeaa? ia ianya
iaoe?iiaeueiiai noeoiiiai iiieoo, ine?eueee noeioeth? aenii?o oiaa??a.

2.4. Ae?oaith ooieoe?iiaeueiith noi?iiith aoaeue-yei? ?eieiai?
aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie ? ?eieiaa i?iiiceoe?y, i?ae yeith ?icoi?thoue e?eao
aai oeaeo, yea a?aeia?aaea? o? ianyae i?iaeoeoe??, ye? ni?iiiaei?
iinoaaeoe ia ?eiie i?iaeaaaoeue ca iaaieie oe?iaie ? ca iaaiee a?ae??cie
/ano. ?eieiaa i?iiiceoe?y oaeiae aoaa? ?iaeea?aeoaeueiith, aeania
?eieiaith ? noeoiiith. Iniiaiei oaeoi?ii oi?ioaaiiy aoaeue-yei?
i?iiiceoe?? ? ?eieiaa oe?ia. Caeaaei?noue i?ae i?iiiceoe??th ? oe?iaie ?
i?yiith ? ?? a e?oa?aoo?? aecia/athoue ye caeii i?iiiceoe??. Ae?y caeiio
i?iiiceoe?? iiynith?oueny aai caeiiii c?inoath/eo a?aie/ieo aeo?ao, aai
oae caaiith noeioethth/ith ooieoe??th ?eieiai? oe?ie. Caeii niaaeath/eo
a?aie/ieo aeo?ao na?e aieea i?iyaey? a ei?ioeio?eaaeiio ?eieiaiio
ia??iae?, ai?iaeiaae yeiai iaiiaeeeaei ? oaoi?/ia ? oaoiieia?/ia
aaeineiiaeaiiy ae?iaie/eo i?ioean?a.

2.5. Ca eaein?ainueeith aeiiii?/iith oai???th, e?eaa noeoiii?
i?iiiceoe?? ia? oi?io iaa?iaii? aiae?enueei? e?oa?e “L”, a oa?aeoa?
caeaaeiino? i?ae ??aiai noeoiieo oe?i ? ianyaii noeoiii? i?iiiceoe??
aecia/a?oueny nooiaiai caeiyoino? ?ano?n?a. A oiiaao iaiiaii? caeiyoino?
?ano?n?a ? iaiiaieo ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa oe?iiaa aeanoe/i?noue noeoiii?
i?iiiceoe?? ? aenieith, a oiiaao oiiaii-iiaii? caeiyoino? ?ano?n?a ?
oiiaii-iiaieo ianya?a noeoiiiai ae?iaieoeoaa oe?iiaa aeanoe/i?noue
noeoiii? i?iiiceoe?? ? iii??iith, a a oiiaao iiaii? caeiyoino? ?ano?n?a
? iiaieo ianya?a noeoiiiai ae?iaieoeoaa noeoiia i?iiiceoe?y ? aaniethoii
iaaeanoe/iith. Inoaii?e aeiaaeie iiynith?oueny c?inoaiiyi aeao?oeeoiino?
a?eueoino? ?ano?n?a ? noeoiieo aeo?ao niiaeeaa/?a. sseui noeoiia oe?ia ?
?? ??aaiue oi?io? ii/aoeiaee ??aaiue noeoiii? i?iiiceoe??, oi iaoe?iia?
oaeoi?e, ye? ia?aaaaeii iathoue aeo?aoiee oa?aeoa?, ci?iththoue ianyae
noeoiii? i?iiiceoe?? ? ci?uothoue a?ao?e noeoiii? i?iiiceoe?? ae?ai ?
aaa?o aai ai?aai ? aiec. E?eaa noeoiii? i?iiiceoe?? caeaaeeoue a?ae
oa?aeoa?o aeiiii?/iiai oeeeeo. A oiiaao ii?iaeueiiai, /e cae/aeiiai,
aeiiii?/iiai oeeeeo, oa?aeoa?iiai aeey iae?icaeioo?oeo e?a?i, aiia ia?
o?aaeeoe?eiee eaein?ainueeee oa?aeoa?. No/ania aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie
ooieoe?iio? ? ?icaeaa?oueny a oiiaao oae caaiiai aiiiaeueiiai
aeiiii?/iiai oeeeeo, yeee a?ae cae/aeiiai a?ae??ciy?oueny oei, ui
ia??iae aeiiii?/iiai niaaeo ? aeoaea o?eaaeei ? iaaecae/aeii aeeaieei.
E?eaa noeoiii? i?iiiceoe?? a Oe?a?i? oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ua ? oei, ui
ciaioaiiy ianya?a noeoiii? i?iiiceoe?? noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny c?inoaiiyi
??aiy noeoiieo oe?i.

2.6. Oa?aeoa? e?eai? noeoiii? i?iiiceoe?? caeaaeeoue a?ae o?eaaeino?
?eieiaiai ia??iaeo. A ei?ioeio?eaaeiio ia??iae? aiia ia? ?ioo oi?io,
i?ae a aeiaaio?eaaeiio. A ei?ioeio?eaaeiio – e?eaa noeoiii? i?iiiceoe??
ia? o?aaeeoe?eio oi?io ? oi?io?oueny a oiiaao “caii?iaeaiiy”
aea?aeaaiiai ??aiy ca?ia?oii? ieaoe ? a?aenooiino? aaeaioeaieo /e
?aoe?iiaeueieo i/?eoaaiue. Ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyii?
aeiiii?ee e?eaa noeoiii? i?iiiceoe?? a ei?ioeio?eaaeiio ieai?
oi?io?oueny a oiiaao iecueei? aeanoe/iino? ca?ia?oii? ieaoe aei ci?ie
??aiy noeoiieo oe?i ? neaai noi?iiaaii? nenoaie ?aoe?iiaeueieo
i/?eoaaiue, a a ?icaeiooeo e?a?iao ?? oi?ioaaiiy aeeeeea?oueny
iaaeinoaoiueith ?ioi?iiaai?noth niiaeeaa/?a i?e i/?eoaaii? ci?ie ??aiy
oe?i ia i?iaeoeoe ? oe?eith ieceith ?inoeoooe?iiaeueieo oaeoi??a, oaeeo
ye, iai?eeeaae, aieea nenoaie o?oaeiaeo eiio?aeo?a. O oeo aeiiii?/ieo
oiiaao, a yeeo iii?iaeueia ca?ia?oia ieaoa anoeaa? c?aaaoaaoe ia ci?io
??aiy noeoiieo oe?i ia i?iaeoeoe, oi?io?oueny e?eaa noeoiii? i?iiiceoe??
a aeiaaio?eaaeiio ieai?. Aiia cia?aaea? ooieoe?iioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii?
aeiiii?ee a oiiaao ?aoe?iiaeueieo i/?eoaaiue, ye? ia?aaeaa/athoue
oia?aaeaeaia i?aeaeuaiiy (/e cieaeaiiy) ??aiy iii?iaeueii? ca?ia?oii?
ieaoe a?aeiia?aeii aei ci?i ??ai?a noeoiieo oe?i ? neeueio /ooeea?noue
ca?ia?oii? ieaoe aei ci?ie ??aiy oe?i ye ia cieaeaiiy, oae ? ia
i?aeaeuaiiy. A oiiaao ?aoe?iiaeueieo i/?eoaaiue iiaeeeaa eeoa
ei?ioeio?eaaea eieeaaiiy ianya?a noeoiiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? ??aiy
caeiyoino? noiniaii ?o iioaioe?eiiai ? i?e?iaeiiai ??ai?a, yea
aeeeeea?oueny a?aeoeeaiiyi oaeoe/iiai ??aiy ci?ie noeoiieo oe?i ia
i?iaeoeoe a?ae i/?eoaaiiai, aai c i?e/eie iecueei? a?ae’?iii?
aeanoe/iino? ca?ia?oii? ieaoe ia cieaeaiiy.

A Oe?a?i? aeiiii?/ia nenoaia ia?aaoaa? ia aoai? aeaa?aaeaoe?? oa
aeiiii?/iiai a?ia?niaaeo, a oiio noeoiia i?iiiceoe?y iiaea aooe
a?eueo-iaio oi/ii ae?aaeaia a oa?i?iao eaein?ainueei? iiaeae? “noeoiiee
iiieo – noeoiia i?iiiceoe?y”, a ia eeane/ii? /e iaieeane/ii? iiaeae?,
ye? cia?aaeathoue ooieoe?iioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee a oiiaao
iiaii? caeiyoino? an?o ?ano?n?a ? iioaioe?eieo ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa.

2.7. Oai?aoe/iee aiae?c ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai aeioe?eueii
cae?enithaaoe ca aeaiia iai?yiaie: ii-ia?oa, c iiceoe?e iineeaiiy ?o
eiioeaio?iaaiino? ? a?aeiia?aeiiai cieaeaiiy ?o eiieo?aioiino?, ?,
ii-ae?oaa, c iiceoe?e iineeaiiy ?o eiieo?aioiino? ? a?aeiia?aeiiai
cieaeaiiy ?o eiioeaio?iaaiino?. Ia?oee iai?yi ia?aaeaa/a? iiaoaiia
aea/aiiy /enoeo ? ?aaeueieo eiieo?aioieo ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai.
*enoa eiieo?aioia ?eieiaa aeiiii?/ia nenoaia – oea oaea aeiiii?/ia
nenoaia, yea aaco?oueny ia ?inoeooo? i?eaaoii? aeaniino? ? ?eieiai?
?aaoeyoe?? aeiiii?/ieo i?ioean?a. Aiie iiaeooue aooe eaae?o?eiaai? ye
eai?oae?noe/i? nenoaie, ine?eueee ia?aaeaa/athoue aeei?enoaiiy iaeiaii?
i?aoe? ? ? neaai nioe?ae?ciaaieie. A oaeeo nenoaiao ?eieiaee iaoai?ci
?aaoeyoe?? ia? caaaeueiee oa?aeoa?. *eno? eiieo?aioi? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie
? oaeiae /enoeie oiaa?ieie nenoaiaie, ai o ieo an? i?iaeoeoe ? iineoae
oiaa?ecothoueny, a oiaa?ia ae?iaieoeoai ia? caaaeueiee oa?aeoa?. E??i
oiai, a ieo aeaioiaey?oueny ia?aaaaeii oiaa?eciaaia i?iaeoeoe?y, ?eieiaa
oe?ia ia caeaaeeoue a?ae iiaaae?iee ie?aii acyoiai i?iaeaaoey, a ao?ae ?
aeo?ae o aaeocue ? c aaeoc? ? ia iaiaaeai? i? a oaoiieia?/iiio, i? a
o?iainiaiio /e i?aaiaiio a?aeiioaiiyo. *eno? eiieo?aioi? aeiiii?/i?
nenoaie aoaathoue, ii-ia?oa, aeania /enoeie, eaac?/enoeie ? ia/enoeie. A
?icaeiooeo aeiiii?eao iaaoaathoue cia/iiai iioe?aiiy eaac?/eno? nenoaie,
a a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie oi?iothoueny oae? /eno? eiieo?aioi?
nenoaie, ye? iathoue oaiaeaioe?th aei ia?a?iaeaeaiiy a aeiiii?/i?
nenoaie c iaaeineiiaeith eiieo?aioe??th. Ca noa?ith ? ??aiai oi?ioaaiiy
/eno? eiieo?aioi? nenoaie iiae?eythoueny ia iae?iaeiiii?/i? ?
i?e?iaeiiii?/i?. Inoaii? oi?iothoueny eeoa a aeayeeo noa?ao no/anii?
aeiiii?ee, a ia?o? aoee oa?aeoa?i? aeey oae caaiiai aeeeiai eai?oae?cio.
A oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo noa?a /enoeo eiieo?aioieo aeiiii?/ieo
nenoai ?icoe?th?oueny.

2.8. Aiane?aeie iaaii? ?noi?e/ii? o?ainoi?iaoe?? eiieo?oth/eo nenoai
oi?iothoueny ?aaeuei? ?eieia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie (ci?oai? nenoaie), ye?
aacothoueny ye ia i?eaaoi?e, oae ? ia aea?aeaai?e aeaniino? ? a yeeo
cia/iei ? iica?eieiaee, /e ia?eieiaee, naeoi?. Caeaaeii a?ae oa?aeoa?o
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ?eieiaiai ? iica?eieiaiai naeoi??a aeae?eythoue oae?
oeie ?aaeueieo nenoai:

?aaeuei? ?eieia? nenoaie, a yeeo ia?eieiaee naeoi? iaiaaeo?oueny
aea?aeaaiei naeoi?ii a eiai aocueeiio /e aeaniiio ?icoi?ii? (oiaoi
a?aenooiueith ? aea?aeaaia i?aei?e?iieoeueea ae?yeuei?noue);

iino?eieia? ?aaeuei? ci?oai? nenoaie, a yeeo aea?aeaaiee naeoi?
aeiiii?ee ?icoe?th?oueny ia o?eueee ca ?aooiie noni?eueiiai ?
eaac?noni?eueiiai naeoi??a, e ca ?aooiie ?icoe?aiiy aea?aeaaii?
i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino?.

?eieia? ci?oai? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie ? a?eueo aoaeoeaieie, i?ae
iino?eieia?, aea o?eueee a aeiiii?/iiio ieai? ? a ei?ioeio?eaaeiio
ia??iae?.

2.9. O iino?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoaiao, ia a?aei?io a?ae ?eieiaeo
nenoai, cia/ii a?eueoo ?ieue a?ae?a?athoue aea?aeaai? iaoiaee
?aaoeyoe??, iinooiiaiai i??i?eoaoiiai cia/aiiy iaaoaathoue noni?eueiee ?
eaac?noni?eueiee naeoi?e, a oaeiae c?inoa? ?ieue ? cia/aiiy ae?iaieoeoaa
aeooiaieo aeaa ? iineoa. Ca nai?th oaoiieia?/iith iniiaith iino?eieiaa
aeiiii?ea ? iino?iaeono??aeueiith, a ca nai?th nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iith
iniiaith aiia ? iinooiaa?iith ? iinoeai?oae?noe/iith, aai
iinonioe?ae?noe/iith. Aeiiii?/iith iniiaith oe??? nenoaie ? ia
aano?aeoiee, a eiie?aoiee ?eiie, ia yeiio aeiiii?/i? ??oaiiy
i?eeiathoueny ai??i?ii, oiaoi aei ii/aoeo cae?eniaiiy i?ioeano
ae?iaieoeoaa, a oe?ia oi?io?oueny ia eiio?aeoi?e iniia?. Aeae?eythoue
aeaa oeie iino?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai – iinoeai?oae?noe/i? ?
iinonioe?ae?noe/i?. Ia?o? aenooiathoue ye ?eieiai-aea?aeaai? aeiiii?ee,
a ae?oa? – ye aea?aeaaii-?eieia?. A Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai? ?eieiaiai
?aoi?ioaaiiy aeiiii?ee noaiiaeaiiy iinonioe?ae?noe/ii? iino?eieiai?
aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie uieii ii/aeiny ? cae?enith?oueny ?aaiethoe?eiei
oeyoii.

2.10. sseui aiae?coaaoe no/ani? ?eieia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie c iiceoe?e
iineeaiiy nooiaiy ?o eiieo?aioiino?, oi iiaeia aeae?eeoe, ii-ia?oa,
/enoo iiiiiie?noe/io ? /enoo aaei?i?no?aoeaio nenoaie, ?, ii-ae?oaa,
?aaeueio iiiiiie?noe/io ? ?aaeueio aaei?i?no?aoeaio nenoaie. *eno?
iiiiiie?noe/i? nenoaie – oea oae? nenoaie, nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iith
iniiaith yeeo ? aeoe?iia?ia /e ei?ii?aoeaia aeani?noue, oi?iothoueny
aiie a oiiaao /enoiai iiiiiie?noe/iiai ?eieo ? a ieo ?eieiaee iaoai?ci
?aaoeyoe?? aeiiiaith?oueny iiiiiie?noe/iei (ei?ii?aoeaiei) ? aea?aeaaiei
?aaoethaaiiyi. Ca nooiaiai eiioeaio?iaaiino? ae?iaieoeoaa /eno?
iiiiiie?noe/i? nenoaie ae?eyoueny ia, ii-ia?oa, aaniethoii /eno?, a yeeo
aoaeue-yea eiieo?aioe?y a?aenooiy; ii-ae?oaa, eaac?/eno?, aai iaeaea
/eno?, a yeeo iaaia eiieo?aioe?y aaea aeiionea?oueny, ?, ii-o?ao?,
ia/eno?, /e eaac?ia/eno?, ye? iathoue oaiaeaioe?th aei ia?a?iaeaeaiiy a
iaaeineiiae? eiieo?aioi? nenoaie. C iiceoe?e ??ai?a ooieoe?iioaaiiy
/eno? iiiiiie?noe/i? nenoaie iiae?eythoue ia iae?iaeiiii?/i? ?
i?e?iaeiiii?/i?. Ia?o? oi?iothoueny ia iniia? oae caaieo
aaei?i?no?aoeaieo iiiiiie?e ? aeey ieo oa?aeoa?i? oioaeueiee aeao?oeeo,
aenieee ??aaiue i?eoiaaii? ?ioeyoe??, oioaeueia aenieoaoaoe?y ?ano?n?a,
a?ia?aeaoi?iiaaia nenoaia ?iciiae?eo ?ano?n?a, i?iaeoeo?a ? aeioiaeo.
Ae?oa? ioiieththoue i?aei?e?inoaa oae caaiiai noni?eueiiai ei?enooaaiiy,
a a ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao aiie oaeiae oi?iothoueny a aeayeeo aaeocyo
aea?aeaaiiai naeoi?a.

2.11. ??ciiaeaeii /enoi? iiiiiie?noe/ii? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie ? /eno?
aaei?i?no?aoeai? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, a yeeo aaei?i?no?aoeai? iaoiaee
?aaoeyoe?? oi?aae?iiy iiai?noth aeo?niythoue ?eieia?. Caeaaeii a?ae
nooiaiy cai?uaiiy ?eieiaeo iaoiae?a aaei?i?no?aoeaieie aeae?eythoue oae?
oeie /enoeo aaei?i?no?aoeaieo nenoai: ii-ia?oa, iiai?, /e caaa?oai?
aaei?i?no?aoeai? nenoaie (aiie ?nioaaee a eieeoiueiio N?N?); ii-ae?oaa,
eaac?/eno?, /e iai?a/eno? aaei?i?no?aoeai? nenoaie, a yeeo iaaio ?ieue
a?ae?a?a? ?eiie ? ye? aoee noi?iiaai? a 40-80-o ?ieao iaoiai noie?ooy a
aeayeeo e?a?iao nioe?ae?noe/iiai oaai?o. E??i oiai, /eno?
aaei?i?no?aoeai? nenoaie iiaeooue iaoe nioe?ae?noe/io aai eai?oae?noe/io
i?e?iaeo, ia?o? aacothoueny ia aea?aeaai?e, a ae?oa? – ia i?eaaoi?e
aeaniino?. A no/anieo ?icaeiooeo aeiiii?eao e?a?i Caoiaeo /eno?
aaei?i?no?aoeai? nenoaie oi?iothoueny a noni?eueieo /e eaac?noni?eueieo
aaeocyo, a a ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie aiie ioiieththoue ?
aea?aeaaiee naeoi?.

2.12. O a?eueoino? ?icaeiooeo e?a?i na?oo iaaoee cia/iiai iioe?aiiy ia
/eno?, a ?aaeuei? iiiiiie?noe/i? nenoaie (ci?oai?). Ia a?aei?io a?ae
/enoeo a ieo cia/iei ? iaiiiiiie?noe/iee naeoi?, yeee iiaea aai
?icoe?thaaoeny, aai caoaeoaaoeny. A neeaae? ?aaeueii? iiiiiie?noe/ii?
nenoaie iiaeia aeae?eeoe: /eno? iiiiiie?noe/i?, eiieo?aioi?
iiiiiie?noe/i? oa ie?aiiie?noe/i? naeoi?e. ?aaeuei? iiiiiie?noe/i?
nenoaie caeaaeii a?ae oa?aeoa?o ni?aa?aeiioaiiy a ieo eiioeaio?iaaiino?
? eiieo?aioiino? iiae?eythoue ia eiieo?aioii-eiioeaio?iaai?
(eaac?iiiiiie?noe/i?) ? eiioeaio?iaaii-eiieo?aioi? (eaac?eiieo?aioi?).
I?ioean oi?ioaaiiy inoaii?o oa?aeoa?iee aeey ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee
Oe?a?ie. E??i oiai, iiaeia ua aeae?eeoe a?ia?eiioeaio?iaai? ?aaeuei?
iiiiiie?noe/i? nenoaie, a yeeo eiieo?aioe?y neeueii iaiaaeaia. Aiie
aoaathoue aeaio aeae?a: iinoeai?oae?noe/ieie oa iinonioe?ae?noe/ieie.
Ia?o? aeieeee aeiiii?/iei oeyoii ia iniia? ?icaeoeo ? naiiiaiaaeaiiy
eiieo?aioe??, a ae?oa? – aaei?i?no?aoeaiei oeyoii. Aaaaea?oueny, ui
aoaeoeai?oeie a aeiiii?/iiio ? nioe?aeueiiio ieaiao ? a ei?ioeio?eaaeiio
?eieiaiio ia??iae? ? eaac?iiiiiie?noe/i? nenoaie, iaeiae o
aeiaaio?eaaeiio ?, iniaeeai, a?ia?aeiaaio?eaaeiio ieai? aoaeoeai?oeie ?
eaac?eiieo?aioi? ? a?ia?eiioeaio?iaai? ?aaeuei? iiiiiie?noe/i? nenoaie.

2.13. ??ciiaeaeii ?aaeueii? iiiiiie?noe/ii? nenoaie ? ?aaeueia
aaei?i?no?aoeaia, yea, ia a?aei?io a?ae /enoeo aaei?i?no?aoeaieo, ?
aeainaeoi?iith ? a i?e aaei?i?no?aoeaiee naeoi? aeiiiaith?oueny
?eieiaei. Aeae?eythoue aeaa oeie ?aaeueieo aaei?i?no?aoeaieo nenoai:
nioe?ae?noe/i? ? iinonioe?ae?noe/i?. O nioe?ae?noe/ieo nenoaiao ?eieiaee
naeoi? oi?io?oueny ia ia aeueoa?iaoeai?e iniia?, a ii?o/ c aea?aeaaiei
(EIAe?, EI?), a o iinonioe?ae?noe/ieo nenoaiao a?i oi?io?oueny ia
aeueoa?iaoeai?e iniia? ? ca ?aooiie aea?aeaae. A ei?ioeio?eaaeiio
?eieiaiio ia??iae? a?eueo aoaeoeaieie ? /eno? aaei?i?no?aoeai? nenoaie,
a a aeiaaio?eaaeiio – ?aaeuei?. Aeania nioe?ae?noe/i? nenoaie
ia?aaaaeathoue ca ??aiai aeiiii?/ii? nioe?aeueii? aeoeaiino?
iinonioe?ae?noe/i? eeoa a ei?ioeio?eaaeiio ?eieiaiio ia??iae?.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “?eieia? ? oe?iia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie”
aeine?aeaeothoueny i?ioeane ?eieiaiai oe?iiooai?aiiy a ia?ao?aeieo
aeiiii?eao.

3.1. Oe?iia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie ye iaoai?cie oi?ioaaiiy ? ci?ie ?eieiai?
oe?ie ooieoe?iiothoue ? oi?iothoueny iaeii/anii c ?eieiaeie aeiiii?/ieie
nenoaiaie ? a iaaiiio a?aeiioaii? ? a iaaiiio ?icoi?ii? ? oioiaei?ie
inoaii?i. I?eeiyoi aeae?eyoe aeaa oeie aeiiii?/iei oe?iiaeo nenoai:
ii-ia?oa, oea ?eieia?, ?, ii-ae?oaa, oea iica?eieia? oe?iia? nenoaie. A
ia?oeo oe?ia oi?io?oueny ?eieiaei niiniaii, a a ae?oaeo – ?ic?aooieiaei.
E??i oiai ua iiaeia aeae?eeoe ? oaeee oei oe?iiaeo nenoai ye ci?oai?, a
yeeo ii?aeiothoueny ?eieiaa ? iica?eieiaa oe?iiooai?aiiy. Iica?eieiaa
noa?a oe?iiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai ia? oaiaeaioe?th aei ?icoe?aiiy, o
ca’yceo c oei, ui aiaeia?/io oaiaeaioe?th aei ?icoe?aiiy iathoue
noni?eueiee ? eaac?noni?eueiee naeoi?e aeiiii?ee. Iiaeia aeae?eeoe
oaeiae ? aaei?i?no?aoeaio oe?iiao nenoaio, a ye?e ?ic?aooieiaa oe?iiaa
nenoaia aeo?niy? ?eieiao oe?iiao nenoaio, a ia aeiiiaith? inoaiith.
Aoaeue-yea oe?iiaa nenoaia ia? aeaa ??ai? naiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy –
iae?iaeiiii?/iee ? i?e?iaeiiii?/iee. Ia ia?oiio oi?io?oueny
?iaeea?aeoaeueia oe?ia, a ia ae?oaiio – noeoiiee ??aaiue oe?i. Caeaaeii
a?ae oa?aeoa?o ? iniaeeaino? ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo oe?i aeae?eythoue oae?
??ciiaeaee (iiaeae?) ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo oe?iiaeo nenoai: /enoa
eiieo?aioia, iiiiiie?noe/ia eiieo?aioia, ie?aiiie?noe/ia ? /enoa
iiiiiie?noe/ia. A?ae??ciythoueny aiie i?ae niaith nooiaiai
eiieo?aioiino? ? i?eioeeiaie oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai? oe?ie. Iae?iaeiiii?/i?
oe?iia? nenoaie iiaeooue aooe iiae?eai? ia ?yae aeae?a caeaaeii a?ae
aeeiai?ee ??aiy noeoiieo oe?i: noaa?euei? aai aoeyoeai?, a yeeo ?
a?aenooiy aoaeue-yea ?ioeyoe?y; i?ioi?ioeyoeai?, a yeeo ?ioeyoe?y ?
iii??iith /e ia?aae/aniith; aeania ?ioeyoeai?, a yeeo ?ioeyoe?y ?
cia/iith; aeaoeyoeai?, a yeeo ia? i?noea cieaeaiiy ??aiy noeoiieo oe?i.
?ioeyoeaia iae?iaeiiii?/ia nenoaia iiaea oi?ioaaoenue a oiiaao
aaeaioeaieo i/?eoaaiue, aai a oiiaao ?aoe?iiaeueieo i/?eoaaiue. A
ia?oiio aeiaaeeo oe?ie ?ano?n?a ?aaaothoue ia ci?ie oe?i i?iaeoeo?a c
iaaiei cai?ciaiiyi, a a ae?oaiio aeiaaeeo – oia?aaeaeaii. A ia?ao?aei?e
aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie ia no/aniiio aoai? ?? ?icaeoeo oe?iiaa
iae?iaeiiii?/ia nenoaia ia? noaaoeyoeaiee oa?aeoa?, ine?eueee c?inoaiiy
??aiy noeoiieo oe?i noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny c?inoaiiyi ??aiy aac?ia?ooy ?
niaaeii ae?iaieoeoaa.

3.2. Iaaiith niaoeeo?eith aieiae?? oe?iiaa nenoaia a ia?ao?aeieo
aeiiii?eao. A ieo ?niothoue ia?aeaeueii aeaa iaoai?cie oe?iiooai?aiiy:
aee?aeoeaiee ? ?eieiaee. Ia?oee ioiieth? noni?eueiee ? eaac?noni?eueiee
naeoi?e ? a iueiio oi?iothoueny aaei?i?no?aoeai? /e aee?aeoeai? oe?ie,
aeiiii?/iei aoaeiiii aeey yeeo ? eiieo?aioi? oe?ie, a ae?oaee – ?eieiaee
naeoi? ? oo /anoeio aea?aeaaiiai naeoi?a, yea ooieoe?iio? ia ?eieiaeo
canaaeao. Ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ?eieiaiai ? iica?eieiaiai iaoai?ci?a o
oe?iia?e nenoai? ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee caeaaeeoue a?ae aaaaoueio
oaeoi??a, a oiio /ene? a?ae oa?aeoa?o ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?ee.
A iinonioe?ae?noe/ieo e?a?iao, a yeeo ?eieiaa o?ainoi?iaoe?y
cae?enith?oueny aaiethoe?eii, ?eieiaa oe?iiooai?aiiy aeiiiaith?
aee?aeoeaia oe?iiooai?aiiy, a a oeo, a yeeo aiia cae?enith?oueny
?aaiethoe?eii (Oe?a?ia oa ?io? e?a?ie NIAe) – ?eieiaa oe?iiooai?aiiy
ioiieth? ia o?eueee ?eieiaee, aea e /anoeio ia?eieiaiai naeoi?a. A
ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoaiao iinonioe?ae?noe/iiai oeio
iae?iaeiiii?/ia oe?iiooai?aiiy ia? a?ia??ioeyoeaiee ? a?ia?noaaoeyoeaiee
oa?aeoa?, a i?e?iaeiiii?/ia oe?iiooai?aiiy ? ca oa?aeoa?ii
eaac??eieiaei, a ia ?eieiaei, a yeeo oi?iothoueny eaac??eieia? oe?ie, ui
iaeaea caaaeaee iathoue iiiiiie?noe/iee oa?aeoa?. Iniiaieie aeaoaeoaie
eaac??eieiaiai oe?iiooai?aiiy ?: aeaoi?iaoe?y nenoaie ?iciiae?eo
?ano?n?a ? i?iaeoeo?a ? iecueea caaaeueia i?iaeoeoeai?noue aeiiii?ee. Ia
iaoo aeoieo, eaac??eieiaa oe?iiooai?aiiy aeiaaa? cia/ii? aea?aeaaii?
?aaoeyoe??, yea caeaoia iii’yeoeoe eiai iaaaoeaiee aeiiii?/iee
nioe?aeueiee aoaeo.

3.3. Oi?ioaaiiy i?e?iaeiiii?/ii? ?eieiai? oe?ie ii/eia?oueny ia ia
?eieo, ye aaaaeathoue aeaye? aeine?aeieee, a a noa?? ae?iaieoeoaa ?
caaa?oo?oueny o noa?? niiaeeaaiiy. ?eieiaa aeiiii?/ia nenoaia a i?ioean?
oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai? oe?ie eeoa iiaiaeaeo? ?ioa?ane ae?iaiee?a ?
niiaeeaa/?a ? ia oe?e iniia? oi?io? oaeo ?eieiao oe?io, yea ca nai?i
oa?aeoa?ii ? eiii?ii?niith. Iaaaaeaia aeua iaoiaeieia?/ia onoaiiaea
ciaia’ycoaaea ian ?eieiao oe?io aeine?aeaeoaaoe a ?ic??c? oi?ioaaiiy
iaiiaieo, iiaieo ? ia?eoaoieo oe?i. O iaiiai?e oe?i? a?aeia?aaeathoueny
eeoa oiiae ae?iaieoeoaa ? ?aae?caoe??. Aiia iaa?iaii i?iii?oe?eia
i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe? ? ia a?aoiao? oiia niiaeeaaiiy, aai ai?iaieo
aeo?ao niiaeeaaiiy. A Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai? a?o/eciyiiai ?icaeoeo
aeiiii?ee i?iaeoeoeai?noue i?aoe? ia? oaiaeaioe?th aei cieaeaiiy, a oea
icia/a?, ui iaiiai? oe?ie c?inoathoue ia o?eueee iii?iaeueii, a e
?aaeueii. A oaeeo aeiiii?/ieo oiiaao niiaeeaa/? iaiaaathoueny eoioaaoe
eeoa aeaoaa? oiaa?e ? a i?ioean? nai?? ?eieiai? iiaaae?iee ia
a?aoiaothoue ai?iaieo aeo?ao niiaeeaaiiy. Aeiyoie noaiiaeoue eeoa
a?aeiinii aaaaoa /anoeia ianaeaiiy, yea iaiaaa?oueny eoioaaoe a?aeiinii
aei?ia? oiaa?e, aea i?e oeueiio i?i?i?co? nai? ai?iai? aeo?aoe /ano. A
?icaeiooeo cao?aeieo e?a?iao c aenieei ??aiai i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe? ? c
aenieei ??aiai aeioiaeo ia aeooo ianaeaiiy ?eieiaa iiaaae?iea cia/ii?
/anoeie niiaeeaa/?a ? i?yii i?ioeeaaeiith: aiie iaiaaathoueny eoioaaoe
aei?ia? oiaa?e, i?i?i?coth/e i?e oeueiio ai?iai? aeo?aoe /ano /e
niiaeeaaiiy.

3.4. Ia iniia? iaiiaii? oe?ie oi?io?oueny iiaia oe?ia, iaeia /anoeia
yei? o?eno?oueny o ?eieia?e oe?i? ? noaiiaeoue ?? iniiaiee ci?no, a
ae?oaa /anoeia o ?eieiao oe?io ia aoiaeeoue ? ?? ?ici?? ?ioo?oeaii
ioe?ith?oueny o?eueee niiaeeaa/aie. Iiaia oe?ia oi?io?oueny ia o?eueee
i?ae aieeaii oiia ae?iaieoeoaa, a e oiia niiaeeaaiiy ? a?aeia?aaea?
nai?th no?oeoo?ith ? caaaeueiei ??aiai ye aeiiii?/i? aeo?aoe
ae?iaieoeoaa, oae ? ai?iai? aeo?aoe a?ae niiaeeaaiiy (iaaeiio?eiaiee
a?ioiaee aeio?ae, aai iaaeiio?eiaio aeaiaeo). Niaoeeo?/iei aeaiaioii
iiaii? oe?ie aenooia? oe?ia niiaeeaaiiy aai oe?ia /ano. Ca nai?i
aeiiii?/iei ci?noii oe?ia niiaeeaaiiy – oea ai?iai? aeo?aoe a?ae
niiaeeaaiiy iaaiiai i?iaeoeoo /e iineoae. Naith ?eieiao iiaaae?ieo
iieoiaoeue oiaa??a ia ?eieo aoaeo? oaeei /eiii, uia caaaeuei? ao?aoe
a?ae i?eaeaaiiy ? niiaeeaaiiy oiaa??a aoee aeey iueiai i?i?iaeueieie.
Iaeiei ?c iniiaieo oaeoi??a oi?ioaaiiy oe?ie niiaeeaaiiy ?
i?iaeoeoeai?noue aeiiii?ee. *ei aeuith ? i?iaeoeoeai?noue iaoe?iiaeueii?
aeiiii?ee, oei aeuo aeiiii?/io oe?io ia? /an. O e?a?iao c aenieei ??aiai
i?iaeoeoeaiino? aeiiii?ee ieoiia aaaa iaiiaii? oe?ie a neeaae? iiaii? ?
iecueeith, a ieoiia aaaa oe?ie niiaeeaaiiy /e oe?ie /ano aoaea aenieith.
A Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo aeiiii?ee i?iaeoeoeai?noue
aeiiii?ee ? ia o?eueee iecueeith, a e ia? oaiaeaioe?th aei iiaeaeueoiai
cieaeaiiy, a oea icia/a?, ui ieoiia aaaa iaiiaii? oe?ie ? aenieith, a
oe?ie niiaeeaaiiy – iecueeith. A Oe?a?i? nenoaia oe?iiinoae iiaoaeiaaia
oaeei /eiii, ui a?eueoo oe?ii?noue iathoue iaoa??aeuei? aeaaa ? iaioo –
aeiiii?/iee /an. Iaeiae ?eieiaa iiaaae?iea niiaeeaa/a aeaoa?i?io?oueny
??aiai eiai iniaenoiai aeioiaeo. Aeey niiaeeaa/a c aaeeeei a?ioiaei
aeioiaeii aenieith ? oe?ia niiaeeaaiiy, a oiio a?i iaiaaaoeiaoueny
eoioaaoe oiaa?e c aenieith ?eieiaith oe?iith, ? iaaiaee, niiaeeaa/? c
iecueeei ??aiai aeioiaeo eoioaaoeiooue c a?aeiinii iecueeith ?eieiaith
oe?iith, ine?eueee aeey ieo ai?iai? aeo?aoe niiaeeaaiiy ? iacia/ieie. A
Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio ?eieo ?aoi?ioaaiiy aeiiii?ee ? a oiiaao ianiaiai
coaiae?iiy ianaeaiiy a?eueo?noue niiaeeaa/?a a?aeaeathoue ia?aaaao
oiaa?ai c iecueeeie ?eieiaeie oe?iaie ? ia i?eeiathoue aei oaaae ai?iai?
aeo?aoe niiaeeaaiiy, ai aeey a?eueoino? ianaeaiiy aiie ? iacia/ieie.

3.5. I?e?iaeiiii?/ia oe?iiooai?aiiy, yeui eiai aiae?coaaoe o ?ic??c?
oiai, ye ia eiii?ii?ni?e iniia? i?ae ae?iaieeaie ? niiaeeaa/aie
oi?io?oueny ?eieiaa oe?ia, iiaea oaeiae ?icaeyaeaoeny ? c iiceoe?e
i?eioeei?a oi?ioaaiiy oaeeo oei?a oe?i, ye oe?ia-iaooi ? oe?ia-a?oooi.
Oe?ia iaooi oi?io?oueny ia ia?aeiiiio ?eieo oiaa??a /e iineoa ? aea?
iiaeeea?noue ae?iaieeo a?aeoeiaeoaaoe an? nai? aeiiii?/i? aeo?aoe ?
io?eiaoe i?eaooie, ??aiee ii?iaeueiiio. Oi?ioaaiiy oe?ie-iaooi
cae?enith?oueny ca aeaiia noaiaie: ia iniia? o?eniaaiiai ? a?eueiiai
aecia/aiiy oi?aiai? iaeeaeee. A ia?oiio aeiaaeeo aiia ? aeecueeith aei
iiiiiieueii? oe?ie, a a ae?oaiio – aei eiieo?aioii?. A Oe?a?i? ia
no/aniiio aoai? oe?ie c aenieith iaeeaeeith oi?iothoueny a aea?aeaaiiio
naeoi?? aeiiii?ee, a c ieaaath/ith – a ?ioeo naeoi?ao. Ia?oa ? aeuith
a?ae ??aiiaaaeii? oe?ie, a ae?oaa c iath ioioiaeith?oueny. Ia iniia?
oe?ie iaooi oi?io?oueny oe?ia-a?oooi, i?e ye?e ae?iaiee i?iaeoeoe??
anoaiiaeth? e?ioeaao oe?io niiaeeaa/a ? ca yeith eiia?naio ciaia’ycaiee
?? ?aae?coaaoe niiaeeaa/ai. Iaeii/anii c oe?iith-a?oooi
anoaiiaeth?oueny, ca aca?iiith iiaiaeaeai?noth, oi?aiaa neeaeea (oa
/anoeia oe?ie-a?oooi, yea oi?io? aaeiaee oi?aiaee aeio?ae eiia?naioa).
Ca nai?i ??aiai oe?ia-a?oooi aeua a?ae ??aiiaaaeii? ? oi?io?oueny a
iiiiiie?noe/iiio naeoi?? aeiiii?ee. Aiia aieiae?? nooo?aeie iaaaoeaieie
aoaeoaie: a?aen?ea? /anoeio niiaeeaa/?a aeaiiai oiaa?o ia ?eieo, ooo/ii
noai?th? a?ae?ea iiieoo a?ae i?iiiceoe??, ni?e/eiy? cieaeaiiy ianya?a
ae?iaieoeoaa ieae/a ?o ??aiiaaaeiiai ??aiy, aeaoi?io? nenoaio iiae?eo
?ano?n?a. Ia no/aniiio aoai? ?eieiaiai ?aoi?ioaaiiy aeiiii?ee ? iiaiiai
aeaiiioaaeo aaei?i?no?aoeaii? nenoaie oe?iiooai?aiiy ciia oi?ioaaiiy
oe?ie a?oooi neeueii caoceeanue ? o a?o/eciyi?e aeiiii?oe? /ano?oa
i?aeoeeo?oueny oe?ia iaooi.

3.6. Ia eiii?ii?ni?e iniia? i?ae ae?iaieeaie ? niiaeeaa/aie oi?io?oueny
ia?eoaoia oe?ia, aiia ? oa?aeoa?iith aeey aa?a?iiai naeoi?a aeiiii?ee.
Oea oaea oe?ia, yea aea? iiaeeea?noue aoaeue-ye? aeaee i?iaeoeoe??
iai?ithaaoe ca ?o o?ce/iith /e ?aaeueiith aea?aaeaioi?noth. Ia iaoo
aeoieo, ia?eoaoieie ? oe?ie, aeecuee? aei eiieo?aioieo, a iaia?eoaoieie
– an? ?io? oe?ie. Iiaeia oiiaii aeae?eeoe aeaa oeie iaia?eoaoieo oe?i.
Ii-ia?oa, oea iiceoeai? iaia?eoaoi? oe?ie, ye? aeicaieythoue ae?iaieeo
io?eiaoe oaeee a?ioiaee aeio?ae, yeee aea? iiaeeea?noue ae?iaieeia?
caeoieoe a?eueoo e?euee?noue ?ioi? iio??aii? eiio i?iaeoeoe??. Iiceoeaia
iaia?eoaoia oe?iiooai?aiiy ia? i?noea ia?aaaaeii a iiiiiie?ciaaieo
naeoi?ao iaoe?iiaeueii? i?e?iaeiiii?/ii? nenoaie. Ii-ae?oaa, oea
iaaaoeai? iaia?eoaoi? oe?ie, ye? ia aeathoue iiaeeeaino? iaai?e a?oi?
ae?iaiee?a ca ?aae?ciaaio i?iaeoeoe?th io?eioaaoe oaeee a?ioiaee
aeio?ae, yeee ia aea? ?i iiaeeea?noue eoioaaoe aea?aaeaioio e?euee?noue
?ioi? iio??aii? ?i i?iaeoeoe??. Oaea iaaaoeaia iaia?eoaoia
oe?iiooai?aiiy ? oa?aeoa?iei aeey aa?a?iiai ? eiiia?aoeaiiai naeoi??a
iaoe?iiaeueii? i?e?iaeiiii?/ii? nenoaie. Iaaaoeaiee iaia?eoaoiee
oa?aeoa? aeoaea /anoi ia? oe?ia oaeeo ?ano?n?a, ye ?iai/a neea. A
Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo aeiiii?ee ciia iaia?eoaoiiai
oe?iiooai?aiiy cia/ii oe?oa, i?ae o ?icaeiooeo aeiiii?eao, ?
coiiaeth?oueny oea aenieei ??aiai iiiiiie?caoe?? iaoe?iiaeueii?
i?e?iaeiiii?/ii? nenoaie.

3.7. Aeiaaeueiith i?iaeaiith iae?iaeiiii?/ii? oe?iiai? nenoaie ?
i?iaeaia aeeiai?ee caaaeueiiai ??aiy oe?i. Caeaaeii a?ae oa?aeoa?o oe???
aeeiai?ee iae?iaeiiii?/i? nenoaie aoaathoue ?ioeyoeaieie, aoeyoeaieie ?
aeaoeyoeaieie. A a?eueoino? no/anieo aeiiii?e, a oiio /ene? a
ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie, iae?iaeiiii?/i? nenoaie iathoue
?ioeyoeaiee oa?aeoa? ? aeey ieo oa?aeoa?iei ? ?icaeoie ?ioeyoe?eieo
i?ioean?a (?ioeyoe?y). Caaaeueiioai?aoe/iee aiae?c ?ioeyoe?? aeioe?eueii
cae?enithaaoe, ii-ia?oa, c iiceoe?e i?e/ei ?? oi?ioaaiiy ?, ii-ae?oaa, c
iiceoe?e caaaeueiiai ??aiy oe?i ? ?o aeeiai?ee. C iiceoe?e i?e/ei
oi?ioaaiiy iiaeia oiiaii aeae?eeoe o?e oeie ?ioeyoe?? – ?ioeyoe?th
iiieoo, ?ioeyoe?th aeo?ao (i?iiiceoe??) ? iiiaoa?io ?ioeyoe?th. A c
iiceoe?? ?? ??aiy – iii??io, aaeiioth/o ? a?ia??ioeyoe?th.

3.8. ?ioeyoe?y iiieoo ?icaeaa?oueny i?ae aieeaii oaeiai niaoeeo?/iiai
oaeoi?a, ye c?inoaiiy a?ioiaiai iiieoo ia oiaa?e ? iineoae noeoiiiai
niiaeeaa/a. ?icaeaa?oueny aiia a oiiaao ci?ie oe?iiino? iaoa??aeueieo
aeoea?a (iiceoeaiee aoaeo aaaaonoaa), ci?ie oe?iiino? o?iainiaeo aeoea?a
(iiceoeaiee aoaeo o?iainiaeo aeoea?a), ci?ie eo?no iaoe?iiaeueii?
aaethoe (?aaaeueaaoe?y iaoe?iiaeueii? aaethoe). ?ioeyoe?y iiieoo aoaa?
ioeueiaith (a oiiaao iaiiaii? caeiyoino? ?ano?n?a ? iaiiaieo ianya?a
ae?iaieoeoaa), ia?aae/aniith, aai iii??iith (a oiiaao oiiaii-iiaii?
caeiyoino? ?ano?n?a ? oiiaii iiaiiai ianyao ae?iaieoeoaa) oa
aaeiioth/ith (a oiiaao iiaii? caeiyoino? ?ano?n?a ? iiaiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa). A Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai? ?aoi?ioaaiiy aeiiii?ee a
no?oeoo?? caaaeueiiai ??aiy ?ioeyoe??, ?ioeyoe?y iiieoo ia? iacia/io
aaao. Aiia naaa i?iyaey? eeoa a ia??iae i?aeaeuaiiy ca?ia?oii? ieaoe
i?aoe?aieeai athaeaeaoieo noa? aai a ia??iae ??ceiai ca?eueoaiiy
aea?aeaaieo iiaeaoe?a.

3.9. Ae?oaei ooieoe?iiaeueiei oeiii ?ioeyoe?? ? ?ioeyoe?y i?iiiceoe??,
yea iieyaa? a i?aeaeuaii? ??aiy noeoiieo oe?i a oiiaao cieaeaiiy ianya?a
noeoiiiai ae?iaieoeoaa. Iniiaiith i?e/eiith ?? oi?ioaaiiy ? iaoe?iia?,
aai aeo?aoi?, oaeoi?e, aei yeeo a?aeiinyoue oe?ie ia iniiai? ?ano?ne,
c?inoaiiy noaaie iiaeaoe?a, cieaeaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino? aeiiii?ee,
iaaaoeai? aoaeoe ci?ie aa?oino? iaoa??aeueieo oe?iiinoae, o?iainiaeo
aeoea?a ? iaoe?iiaeueii? aaethoe. Aeae?eythoue aeaa ??ciiaeaee ?ioeyoe??
aeo?ao: oa, ui i?aeooiaoo?oueny c?inoaiiyi ??aiy ca?ia?oii? ieaoe ?
aeo?ao, ? oa, ui i?aeooiaoo?oueny c?inoaiiyi ??aiy oe?i ia ?io? ?ano?ne.
I?e/eiith ia?oi? ? iecueea aeanoe/i?noue ca?ia?oii? ieaoe ia cieaeaiiy.
A Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyii? aeiiii?ee, a no?oeoo??
caaaeueiiai ??aiy ?aoeyoe?? ia?aaaaea? naia ?ioeyoe?y aeo?ao (a a
ia??iae ??cei? aeaaaeueaaoe?? iaoe?iiaeueii? a?ioiai? iaeeieoe?
ia?aaaaeaea iiiaoa?ia ?ioeyoe?y).

3.10. O?ao?i ooieoe?iiaeueiei aeaeii ?ioeyoe?? ? iiiaoa?ia ?ioeyoe?y
(a?ioiaa ?ioeyoe?y), yea ?ice?eaa?oueny i?ae aieeaii ai?n?? a?ioae.
Iniiaieie i?e/eiaie ?? ?icaeoeo ?: iaaei??ia ?icoe?aiiy aea?aeaaiiai
naeoi?a, ia?aoe?iiaeueia oi?ioaaiiy no?oeoo?e iaoe?iiaeueiiai
athaeaeaoo, ia?aoe?iiaeueia iiaeaoeiaa iie?oeea aea?aeaae. Iiiaoa?ia
?ioeyoe?y ?icaeaa?oueny ?acii c ?ioeyoe??th iiieoo ? i?iiiceoe??, a oiio
caaaeaee aeieea? i?iaeaia ?? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? – aecia/aiiy ?? ieoiii?
aaae a no?oeoo?? caaaeueiiai ??aiy ?ioeyoe??. A aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio?
?aeiiaiaeo?oueny ?aeaioeo?eaoe?th iiiaoa?ii? ?ioeyoe?? cae?enithaaoe ia
iniia? aecia/aiiy oeio aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo ? noaae?? aeiiii?/iiai
oeeeeo. Iiiaoa?ia ?ioeyoe?y oa?aeoa?ia aeey aenoaineaieo, a ua a?eueoith
i??ith aeey aeaoaineaieo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai ? aeey oace aeiiii?/iiai
niaaeo, a ua a?eueoa aeiiii?/iiai a?ia?niaaeo. A Oe?a?i? a ia??iae
1991-1996 ??. iiiaoa?ia ?ioeyoe?y iaea iaea?eueoo ieoiio aaao a neeaae?
caaaeueiiai ??aiy ?ioeyoe??, a a 1996-1998 ??. ?? ieoiia aaaa ii/aea
cieaeoaaoenue. A aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ?ica’yco?oueny i?iaeaia
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeacaieo o?ueio oei?a ?ioeyoe??, eiinoaoo?oueny, ui, c
iaeiiai aieo, iiiaoa?ia ?ioeyoe?y ? iio?aeiith a?ae ?ioeyoe?? iiieoo ?
aeo?ao, a c ?ioiai aieo – aiia ? ia?oii?e/eiith ?icaeoeo inoaii?o aeaio.

3.11. C oi/ee ci?o caaaeueiiai ??aiy aeae?eythoue oae? ooieoe?iiaeuei?
oeie ?ioeyoe??, ye iii??ia ?ioeyoe?y, aaeiioth/a ?ioeyoe?y ?
a?ia??ioeyoe?y. Aeey ia?oi? oa?aeoa?ia iacia/ia c?inoaiiy ??aiy noeoiieo
oe?i ? a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ie aeae?ey?ii ?? o?e oeie. Ii-ia?oa,
iii??io ?ioeyoe?th iiieoo, yea oi?io?oueny a oiiaao oiiaii-iiaii?
caeiyoino? ?ano?n?a ? oiiaii-iiaieo ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa. Ii-ae?oaa, oea
iii??ia ?ioeyoe?y aeo?ao, yea oi?io?oueny a oiiaao oe?iiaeo oie?a (oie?a
i?iiiceoe??) ? aeiiii?/iiai niaaeo. Ii-o?ao?, iiiaoa?ia iii??ia
?ioeyoe?y, ui ii?iaeaeo?oueny iii??iei iaacoe?iaiiyi iaoe?iiaeueieo
a?ioae. Aeey Oe?a?ie iii??ia ?ioeyoe?y iiieoo ia aeanoeaa, a a?eueo
aeanoeaith ? iii??ia ?ioeyoe?y aeo?ao ? iiiaoa?ia iii??ia ?ioeyoe?y.

3.12. Ae?oaei ooieoe?iiaeueiei oeiii ?ioeyoe??, yeui ?? aiae?coaaoe c
iiceoe?e caaaeueiiai ??aiy ? aaeiioth/a ?ioeyoe?y, yea iieyaa? a
oaeaeeiio c?inoaii? ??aiy caaaeueieo oe?i. Caeaaeii a?ae i?e/ei ??
oi?ioaaiiy aeae?eythoue o?e nenoaie aaeiioth/i? ?ioeyoe??: ii-ia?oa,
aaeiioth/a ?ioeyoe?y iiieoo, yea oi?io?oueny a oiiaao iiaii? caeiyoino?
?ano?n?a ? iiaii? caeiyoino? ae?iaieoeoaa. Aiia aeey a?o/eciyii?
aeiiii?ee ia oa?aeoa?ia. Ii-ae?oaa, aaeiioth/a ?ioeyoe?y aeo?ao, ui
oi?io?oueny a oiiaao oaeaeeiai c?inoaiiy oe?i ia ?ano?ne ? cieaeaiiy
ianya?a noeoiiiai ae?iaieoeoaa. Aiia aoea oa?aeoa?ia aeey Oe?a?ie a
1995-1996 ??. Ii-o?ao?, iiiaoa?ia aaeiioth/a ?ioeyoe?y, ui ?icaeaa?oueny
i?ae aieeaii oaeaeeiai ciaoe?iaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? a?ioiai? iaeeieoe?. A
aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? aeae?ey?oueny aeaa ?? ??ciiaeaee: ia?oee – oea oa
iiiaoa?ia aaeiioth/a ?ioeyoe?y, ui ?icaeaa?oueny a oiiaao aeiiii?/iiai
i?aeianaiiy, ae?oaee – oea oa, ui ?icaeaa?oueny a oiiaao aeiiii?/iiai
niaaeo. Aiia aoea oa?aeoa?ia aeey aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie a 1993-1995 ??.

3.13. O?ao?i oeiii ?ioeyoe??, yeui ?? aiae?coaaoe c iiceoe?? caaaeueiiai
??aiy ? a?ia??ioeyoe?y, yea oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aenieeie oaiiaie c?inoaiiy
??aiy noeoiieo oe?i. O aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? aeae?ey?oueny ?
aiae?co?oueny o?e nenoaie (??ciiaeaee) a?ia??ioeyoe??. Ia?oa nenoaia –
oea a?ia??ioeyoe?y iiieoo, yea ni?e/eiy?oueny ca?eueoaiiyi a?ioiaeo
aeioiae?a noeoiiiai niiaeeaa/a aai ca?eueoaiiy a?ioiai? iane ia?ao. Aiia
oaeiae aoaa? aeaio aeae?a: oa, ui ?icaeaa?oueny a oiiaao noaa?eueieo
(iaeieeaieo) ianya?a noeoiiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, aai a oiiaao ?aoe?iiaeueieo
i/?eoaaiue niiaeeaa/?a; ? oa, ui oi?io?oueny a oiiaao ei?ioeio?eaaeeo
eieeaaiue iioaioe?eieo ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa, aai a oiiaao oae caaieo
aaeaioeaieo i/?eoaaiue. Ae?oaa nenoaia – oea a?ia??ioeyoe?y i?iiiceoe??,
ui ?icaeaa?oueny a oiiaao a?ia?oie?a i?iiiceoe?? aai a?ia?oie?a oe?i ia
?ano?ne. Ie oaeiae aeae?ey?i ?? aeaa aeaee: ia?oee aeae – /enoa
a?ia??ioeyoe?y i?iiiceoe??, yea oi?io?oueny a oiiaao ??ceiai c?inoaiiy
??aiy noeoiieo oe?i ia iniiai? ?ano?ne; ae?oaee aeae – oea ci?oaia
a?ia??ioeyoe?y i?iiiceoe??. Iniiaia a?aei?ii?noue i?ae aeacaieie aeaeaie
a?ia??ioeyoe?? i?iiiceoe?? iieyaa? a oiio, ui i?e /eno?e ?ioeyoe??
a?ia?oaeaeea c?inoaiiy ??aiy noeoiieo oe?i noi?iaiaeaeothoueny oaeei aea
??ceei ciaioaiiyi ianya?a noeoiiiai ae?iaieoeoaa, a i?e ci?oai?e
a?ia??ioeyoe?? i?iiiceoe?? cieaeaiiy ianya?a noeoiiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ?
i?iii?oe?eii iaioei. Inoaiiy ia? i?noea oiae?, eiee aea?aeaaa
i?iaiaeeoue noeioethth/o aeiiii?/io iie?oeeo. ?, ia?aoo?, o?aoy nenoaia
a?ia??ioeyoe?? – oea iiiaoa?ia a?ia??ioeyoe?y, yea ?icaeaa?oueny a
oiiaao a?ia?oaeaeeiai ciaoe?iaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? a?ioiai? iaeeieoe?. ??
?icaeoie niinoa??aaany a Oe?a?i? c 1990 aei 1993 ?.

AENIIAEE

Ia i?aenoaa? i?iaaaeaiiai aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy noi?ioeueiaai?
oae? aeniiaee ? i?iiiceoe??.

1. ?eieiaa aeiiii?/ia nenoaia ye oeaio?aeueia eaiea aoaeue-yei?
aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie oi?io?oueny, ooieoe?iio? oa ?icaeaa?oueny a
i?aai?/i?e ?aeiino? c, ii-ia?oa, oiaa?ieie, ii-ae?oaa, oe?iiaeie
nenoaiaie.

2. Ia iniia? caaaeueiioai?aoe/iiai aiae?co noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy
oa ?icaeoeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai cae?enith?oueny ?o
ooieoe?iiaeueii-?noi?e/ia oeiieia?caoe?y ? aeae?eythoue oae? ?o oeie, ye
aeioiaa?i?, oiaa?i? ? iinooiaa?i? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie. A?o/eciyia oiaa?ia
aeiiii?/ia nenoaia eaae?o?eo?oueny ye eaac?iinooiaa?ia
(iai?aiinooiaa?ia).

3. ?eieia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie, yeui ?o aiae?coaaoe c iiceoe?e ?noi?e/ii?
aaiethoe??, aoaathoue aei?eieiaeie, ?eieiaeie ? iino?eieiaeie. O
ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie ?eieiaa aeiiii?/ia nenoaia oi?io?oueny a
iai?yi? noaiiaeaiiy ci?oaii? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie. A?o/eciyia
iinonioe?ae?noe/ia ci?oaia aeiiii?/ia nenoaia ca nai?i oa?aeoa?ii ?
aioo??oiueith no?oeoo?ith iiaeiia aooe aea?aeaaii-?eieiaith, a ia
?eieiai-aea?aeaaiith.

4. Noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?noi?e/iee ?icaeoie ia?ao?aeieo
?eieiaeo nenoai a?aeaoaa?oueny /a?ac a?aeiia?aei? oe?iia? nenoaie. A
ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie oe?iiaa aeiiii?/ia nenoaia ? aeai?noith
ca nai?th no?oeoo?ith ? i?noeoue a nia?, ii-ia?oa, ?eieiao oe?iiao
nenoaio, ii-ae?oaa, iica?eieiao oe?iiao nenoaio, yea ioiieth? nai?i
aieeaii noni?eueiee ? eaac?noni?eueiee naeoi?e iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee.
*anoea inoaiiuei? a ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao iiaeiia aooe aeaui a?eueoith,
i?ae a ?icaeiooeo aeiiii?eao.

5. Ine?eueee i?iaeoeoeai?noue iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie ia
no/aniiio aoai? ?? ?eieiaiai ?aoi?ioaaiiy ? iecueeith ? ia? oaiaeaioe?th
aei iiaeaeueoiai cieaeaiiy, ?eieiaa iiaaae?iea noa’?eo?a aeiiii?ee
aaco?oueny ia a?aooaaii? ??aiy iaiiaii? ?eieiai? oe?ie, a ye?e ua ia
a?aeia?aaeai? ai?iai? aeo?aoe niiaeeaaiiy. ?ieue inoaii?o o oe?iia?e
?eieia?e nenoai? Oe?a?ie aoaea c?inoaoe c i?aeaeuaiiyi i?iaeoeoeaiino?
iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee ? c?inoaiiyi ??aiy oe?ie niiaeeaaiiy /e oe?ie
/ano (ai?iaieo aeo?ao niiaeeaaiiy).

6. Aiane?aeie oiai, ui iaoe?iiaeueia aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie ia no/aniiio
aoai? ?? ?icaeoeo ? iaaei??ii iiiiiie?ciaaiith, a /enoee eiieo?aioiee
naeoi? ? iacia/iei, aaeeeo ?ieue a?ae?a?a? eiio?aeoia oe?iiooai?aiiy,
yea cae?enith?oueny ca noaiith oe?ie-iaooi /e oe?ie-a?oooi. Eiio?aeoia
oe?iiooai?aiiy ca nai?i oa?aeoa?ii ? eaac??eieiaei ? c iiaeeaeaiiyi
?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue a Oe?a?i? iinooiiai aaiethoe?iioaaoeia a ?eieiaa
oe?iiooai?aiiy.

7. Ia i?aenoaa? iaoeiaiai aiae?co ia?eoaoiiai oe?iiooai?aiiy a
ia?ao?aei?e aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie aeae?eaii oae? oeie ia?eoaoieo oe?i, ye
aeania ia?eoaoi? ? iaia?eoaoi? oe?ie. Inoaii? ca nai?i oa?aeoa?ii
aoaathoue iiceoeai? ? iaaaoeai?. Ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo a?o/eciyii?
aeiiii?ee ia?aaaaeathoue iiceoeai? iaia?eoaoi? oe?ie, ye? aea?aei?o?
ae?iaieeai i?iaeoeoe??, a ia ?ano?n?a. Iaeo?ae?coaaoe iiceoeaia
iaia?eoaoia oe?iiooai?aiiy iiaeia eeoa ca oiiae ?icoe?aiiy eiieo?aioiiai
naeoi?a iaoe?iiaeueii? i?e?iaeiiii?/ii? nenoaie.

NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO I?AOeUe

Nethna?/ee I. I. ?ioeyoe?y iiiaoa?ia. Cia/aiiy ?ioeyoe?? iiiaoa?ii? a
Oe?a?i? ia no/aniiio aoai?. //Iaiaaeaeiaio oa i?aei?e?iieoeoai a
Oe?a?i?: aoaie noaiiaeaiiy ? i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo. Ca??iee
iaoeiai-i?eeeaaeieo i?aoeue. ? 4. Euea?a, AeO “EI”,1998.- N. 261-264.

Nethna?/ee I.I. Iino?eieiaa aeiiii?/ia nenoaia. //A?niee Euea?anueei?
Eiia?oe?eii? Aeaaeai??.- 1998.- ?2. – N. 136-140.

Nethna?/ee I.I., Eaco? I.TH., Caa`yeiaa ?.?. ?aaeueia aaei?i?no?aoeaia
aeiiii?/ia nenoaia. //Iaoa??aee iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??
“Aeiiiiao?e/i? iaoiaee ? iiaeae? a aeiiii?oe?: oai??y ? i?aeoeea”.
-Euea?a, EAeO. -1998.- N. 75-78. Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a:
cae?enith?oueny iaoeiaa oa?aeoa?enoeea ?aaeueieo aaei?i?no?aoeaieo
aeiiii?/ieo nenoai.

Nethna?/ee I.I. Ia?eoaoia oe?ia. Iaia?eoaoi?noue oe?i a Oe?a?i? ia
no/aniiio aoai?. //Oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee a Oe?a?i?: Iaoeiaee
ca??iee. – Aeione ? 3- Euea?a, EAeO, 1998.- N. 32-34.

Nethna?/ee I.I. ?aaeueia iiiiiie?noe/ia aeiiii?/ia nenoaia. //Oi?a?aey,
eiia?oe?y, i?aei?e?iieoeoai. Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue.- ? 1. -Euea?a:
EEA, 1998. -N.15-17.

Nethna?/ee I. I. Aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao oi?i aeaniino? ia ?aae?caoe?th
iiaooiaeo iineoa ianaeaiith Oe?a?ie. //Iaoa??aee iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii?
eiioa?aioe?? “I?iaeaie o?iainoaaiiy ? e?aaeeooaaiiy o niiaeea/?e
eiiia?aoe??”. -Euea?a, EEA. -1996.- N. 57-58.

Eiie/ ?.I., Nethna?/ee I. I ?aae?caoe?y iiaooiaeo iineoa ianaeaiith
i?aei?e?inoaaie ??cieo oi?i aeaniino?. //Anaoe?a?inueea iaoeiaa
eiioa?aioe?y “Canoinoaaiiy ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee, iaoaiaoe/iiai
iiaeaethaaiiy oa iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoiae?a o iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiiyo”.
-Euea?a, EAeO. -1996.- N. 43-44. Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a: i?iaiae?ciaaia
i?iaeaia ?aae?caoe?? iiaooiaeo iineoa ianaeaiith i?aei?e?inoaaie ??cieo
oi?i aeaniino?.

Nethna?/ee I.I. Aecia/aiiy e?eaeo iiieoo ? i?iiiceoe?? oeoe?o o
Euea?anuee?e iaeano?. //Iaoa??aee iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??
“Noaoenoe/i? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? nenoaie a ?eieia?e aeiiii?oe?”.- Euea?a, EEA.
-1997.- N. 61-62.

Nethna?/ee I. I.. Iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo aieeao iniiaieo oaeoi??a ia
?aae?caoe?th ieaoieo iineoa ianaeaiith. //Iaoa??aee eiioa?aioe??
i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo ? ani??aio?a aeaaeai?? “Ca
i?aenoieaie iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe o 1996 ?ioe?”. -Euea?a, EEA.
-1997.- N. 141-142.

Nethna?/ee I. I., Iiaoaeiaa ? aiae?c e?eaeo iiieoo oa i?iiiceoe?? aeey
iniiaieo aeae?a i?iaeoeoe?? oa?/iai? i?iieneiaino?. //A?niee
Euea?anueei? Eiia?oe?eii? Aeaaeai??.- 1997.- ?1. – N. 193-199.

Nethna?/ee I. I. I?iaeaie aeai?o iaeaoo i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai i?e
i?iaeooaaii? i?aenenoaie “Aooaaeoa?nueeee iae?e”. // Oace aeiiia?aeae ia
iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? ca i?aenoieaie iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe o
1992-1993??. – Euea?a, EEA – 1993 -C.166.

Nethna?/ee I. I., AEiaoaiaoeueea I.A. Ia?iaea aeaieo i?i aeoe?iia??a ?
ia?aooaaiiy aeea?aeaiae?a ca?aeii c ?icaeoeii ??/iiai i?eaooeo c
aeiiiiiaith A?I. //Iaoa??aee iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “No/ani?
i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo ?eieo, na?oeo?eaoe?? oa eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiino?
oiaa??a oa iineoa.” -Euea?a, EEA .-1996.- N. 28-29. Iniaenoee aianie
aaoi?a: i?iaiae?ciaai? i?eioeeie ia?aooaaiiy aeea?aeaio?a.

Nethna?/ee I. I., Ai?eianueea A. ss. , AEiaoaiaoeueea I.A. I?iaeaie
aaeaioaoe?? nenoaie aeaeo?iiii? iiooe IAO a iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean?.
//Iaoa??aee ?anioae?eainueei? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “No/ani?
?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??”. – Euea?a, EEA – 1995 -C.83. Iniaenoee aianie
aaoi?a: i?iaiae?ciaai? aeaye? aniaeoe aaeaioaoe?? nenoai aeaeo?iiii?
iiooe.

AIIOAOe?ss

Nethna?/ee I.I. ?eieia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie: i?iaeaie noaiiaeaiiy,
ooieoe?iiaeueii? no?oeoo?ecaoe?? ? oeiieia?caoe?? a ia?ao?aeieo
aeiiii?eao. ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.01.01 – Aeiiii?/ia oai??y – Euea?anueeee
aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?i. ?. O?aiea, Euea?a, 1998.

O aeena?oaoe?? aeine?aeaeothoueny i?iaeaie noaiiaeaiiy, ooieoe?iiaeueii?
no?oeoo?ecaoe?? ? oeiieia?caoe?? ?eieiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai o
ia?ao?aeieo aeiiii?eao. Aiae?cothoueny caaaeuei? i?eioeeie
ooieoe?iioaaiiy oiaa?ieo, ?eieiaeo ? oe?iiaeo aeiiii?/ieo nenoai.
?ic?iaeythoueny ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei oi?ioaaiiy ?aoe?iiaeueii?
aea?aeaaii? iie?oeee ?aaoethaaiiy ?eieiaeo nenoai.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: oiaa?i?, ?eieia? ? oe?iia? aeiiii?/i? nenoaie;
oeiieia?caoe?y, aea?aeaaia ?aaoeyoe?y ?eieiaeo nenoai, ia?ao?aei?
aeiiii?ee.

Nethna?/ee I.I. ?uii/iua yeiiiie/aneea nenoaiu: i?iaeaiu noaiiaeaiey,
ooieoeeiiaeueiie no?oeoo?ecaoeee e oeiieiaecaoeee a ia?aoiaeiuo
yeiiiieeao. ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.01.01 – Yeiiiie/aneay oai?ey – Ainoaea?noaaiiue
oieaa?neoao ei.E.O?aiea, Eueaia, 1998.

A aeenna?oaoeee enneaaeothony i?iaeaiu noaiiaeaiey, ooieoeeiiaeueiie
no?oeoo?ecaoeee e oeiieiaecaoeee a ia?aoiaeiuo yeiiiieeao.
Aiaeece?othony iauea i?eioeeiu ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oiaa?iuo, ?uieiauo e
oeaiiauo yeiiiie/aneeo nenoai. ?ac?aaaouaathony ?aeiiaiaeaoeee aeey
oi?ie?iaaiey ?aoeeiiaeueiie ainoaea?noaaiiie iieeoeee ?aaoee?iaaiey
?uii/iuo nenoai.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: oiaa?iua, ?uii/iua e oeaiiaua yeiiiie/aneea nenoaiu,
oeiieiaecaoeey, ainoaea?noaaiiay ?aaoeyoeey ?uii/iuo nenoai, ia?aoiaeiua
yeiiiieee.

Slusarchyk M. Market economic systems: problems of development,
functional structuring and typologization in transition economies –
Manuscript.

Thesis for a candidate’s degree by speciality 08.01.01 -economic theory
– the Lviv state University, Lviv, 1998.

Problems of development, fuctional structuring and typologization in
transition economies are being searched. Most generel principles of
commodity market and price economic systems, typologization state
regulation of market systems are elaborated.

Key words: commodity, market and price economic systems, typologization
state regulation of market systems, transition economics.

Caeaii a iaa?? 18.11.98 ?. I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 19.11.98 ?.

Oi?iao 60O84/16. Iai?? ionaoiee.

Niin?a ae?oeo – ??cia?ao?y. Cai. ? 1841. Oe?aae 100 i?ei.

Ae?oe AEI o??ia “AIN”

i.Euea?a, aoe. Eeiiaa Aeay, 9

oae. (0322) 42-10-41, 42-10-46

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