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2

?INOEOOO IAAeAAIA?EE ? INEOIEIA?? I?IOAN?EII? INA?OE AII OE?A?IE

AAeIAE* NA?OEAIA IEOAEE?AIA

OAeE 37(09)(477.8)

?ICAEOIE ?AeAE AOIAIII? IAAeAAIA?EE

A CAO?AeI?E OE?A?I?

(E?IAOeUe O?O – II*AOIE OO NO.)

13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a-1998

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? iaaeaaia?ee ? ineoieia?? i?ioan?eii? ina?oe
AII Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Aanyiiae/
A?eai??e Iao?iae/, ?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee ? ineoieia?? i?ioan?eii? ina?oe
AII Oe?a?ie, caa?aeoth/ee eaai?aoi???th nooiaiaai? i?ioan?eii? ina?oe
Euea?anueeiai iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iiai oeaio?o

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Naaa/ Aaeeia Ieoaee?aia, Ee?anueeee
oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, i?ioani? eaoaae?e eia?ee

eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
Eaeaie/aiei I?iaeue Iaae?aia, ?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee AII Oe?a?ie,
i?ia?aeiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee eaai?aoi??? iaoiaeieia?? oa ?noi???
iaaeaaia?ee

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:

Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa,
eaoaae?a iaaeaaia?ee, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “23” a?oaeiy 1998 ?. i 14 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.451.01 a ?inoeooo? iaaeaaia?ee ?
ineoieia?? i?ioan?eii? ina?oe AII Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 254060, i. Ee?a,
aoe. I.Aa?eeinueeiai, 9, 5-e iiaa?o, cae can?aeaiue.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo
iaaeaaia?ee ? ineoieia?? i?ioan?eii? ina?oe AII Oe?a?ie (254060, i.
Ee?a, aoe. I.Aa?eeinueeiai, 9).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “20” eenoiiaaea 1998 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Oeeaoeuenueea A.I.

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue ? aeioe?euei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy

Iaoe?iiaeueia a?ae?iaeaeaiiy Oe?a?ie iio?aao? aeiei??iiiai iie?ioaiiy
ina?oe ? aeoiaaiiy i?ae?inoath/eo iieie?iue. Aeey oni?oiiai ?ica’ycaiiy
oeueiai ooiaeaiaioaeueiiai caaaeaiiy iaiao?aeii a?oioiaii aeine?aeeoe
a?o/eciyi? iaaeaaia?/i? o?aaeeoe?? ieioeiai ? oai?/i aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?o
aaeeeee i?ciaaaeueii-aeoiaiee iioaioe?ae.

Noni?euenoai, aeu? iaa/aeuei? caeeaaee, n?i’y iathoue aeoiaaoe ethaeae,
ye? aeineiiaei ciaoeiooue ieioea naiai ia?iaeo, ?noi??th ina?oe cie?aia.
Iniaeeai aaaeeeaei ? ciaiiy aeina?aeo oe?a?inueei?
iaoe?iiaeueii-aeoiaii? nenoaie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO noie?oue. Naia
oeae ia??iae aecia/a?oueny oe?eani?yiiaai?noth oe?a?inueei? ina?oe, o
i?ioean? yei? aoee aeinyaioo? iaai? oni?oe a ia?aoai?aii? iaa/aeueieo
caeeaae?a c onoaiia, ni?yiiaaieo ia aeaiaoe?iiae?caoe?th, o iaa/aeuei?
caeeaaee c oe?a?inueeei iaoe?iiaeueiei aeooii.

Iei? noai?ththoueny ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey aeeaieiai aea/aiiy niaaeueie
aeaeaoieo a?o/eciyieo i?ina?oeoae?a, o/aieo, iaaeaaia?a Cao?aeii?
Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO noie?oue, i?aoe? yeeo o iiia?aaei?
aeanyoee?ooy iani?aaaaeeeai caiia/oaaeeny, oaeueneo?eoaaeeny. O ca’yceo
c a?aeiieie iie?oe/ieie oa ?aeaieia?/ieie caai?iiaie caeeoaeeny
iaaeine?aeaeaieie i?iaeaie iaaeaaia?/ii? oai??? ? i?aeoeee, ye?
noaaeeeny ? ?ica’ycoaaeeny a i?aoeyo oe?a?inueeeo ieneeoae?a-iaaeaaia?a,
ina?oi?o ae?y/?a aeaiiai ?aa?iio: A.A.Aa?a?inueeiai, I.A.Aa?a?inueeiai,
A.Aaoiyieia, A.?.Aieioeia, I.A.Aeooiiae/a, ?.Ea?aoeeoeueeiai,
I.I.Iaiiianueeiai, I.I.Ia?oeoeueeiai, I.Iiiiae/a, TH.?iiai/oea,
N.Niaeue-Noioeueeiai, TH.A.Oaaeueeiae/a oa ?ioeo.

Aiae?c ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii?, ?noi?e/ii?, nioe?ieia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e
na?ae/eoue, ui a inoaii? ?iee i?iaeaie iaoe?iiaeueiiai a?ae?iaeaeaiiy ?
ai?ioueae ca i?ioan?eio oeieo a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? i?eaa?oathoue oaaao
aaaaoueio aeine?aeiee?a. Aaaeeea? aniaeoe noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo
iaoe?iiaeueii? oeiee a Oe?a?i? ?ice?eee I.?.Aeoiaanueeee,
N.O.Cieiooo?ia, A.E.Iaeai?iaea, A.I.Naaa/, I.A.Noaeueiaoiae/,
A.I.Nooia?ee, A.A.O?e?i/oe oa ?io?.

?noi??th ?icaeoeo oeiee e ina?oe a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? o ia??iae iaioaaiiy
Aano?i-Oai?ueie e Iieueu? aeine?aeaeoaaee E.A.Aa?e, A.I.?aiao,
I.A.?aooo, I.?.Eeyi, I.Iaea?ooea, I.N.Iaeiaae, A.I.I?oth?ia,
O.?.Iaoiaiei, I.O.O?/?e oa ?io?. A/aieie i?iaiae?ciaai? aaaeeea? aniaeoe
aaoi?eoa?ii? ina?oiuei-oe?eueii? iie?oeee Aano?i-Oai?ueie, Iieueu? ia
cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo caieyo, noaiiaeua ii/aoeiai?, na?aaeiuei? ? aeui?
oeiee, ?icaeoie i?ia?aneaii? iaaeaaia?/ii? aeoiee, ai?ioueaa ia?iaeieo
ian ca aeaiie?aoecaoe?th ina?oe.

O aeena?oaoe?eieo ?iaioao, ?yae? iaoeiaeo i?aoeue ciaeoee a?aeia?aaeaiiy
ieoaiiy eiiieaenii? ioe?iee ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo oe?eueieoeoaa a ?aa?ii?
(A.A.Aiiiiiae, A.Ae.Iioethe, A.I.Nooia?ee), noaiiaeaiiy oe?a?inueei?
a?iiac?eii? ina?oe (I.?.Aeoiaanueeee, ?.?.Eo?eye), iaaeaaia?/ii? i?ane
(I.?.Eoooa, N.A.Eaaa), i?iaeai aeeaeaeoeee (O.A.?aa/eia),
ii?aeueii-i?aaiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? iaaeaaiaa a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i?
(A.I.Aanyiiae/), ?icaeoeo iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe o No?aei?e Aaee/ei?
(I.I.Aa?ia), ae?yeueiino? eoeueoo?ii-ina?oi?o oiaa?enoa (A.A.A?eaae/,
E.I.Aiae, C.?.Iaaa/aanueea, N.O.Nooi?nueeee), o/eoaeuenueeiai ?ooo ia
cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo caieyo (Ae.Ae.Aa?oethe), ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueeiai
oe?eueieoeoaa a e?a?iao Oeaio?aeueii?, No?aeii? oa I?aaeaiii-No?aeii?
?a?iie (A.I.Eai?iue).

Oaaao aaaaoueio aeine?aeiee?a (C.I.Ae/ei, O.?.Aoaeaiei, I.N.Aiciyea,
A.N.Ai?nueeiai, A.N.Aeaaoy?ueiai?, I.A.Aecaaa??ia, I.?.Iaco?eaae/a,
E.E.Iaey?aiei, A.O.Ie/eii?oea, A.?.I??oiaa, A.I.Iaia?ii?, A.?.Iaooea,
I.E.?iaeueei, A.E.Naaeioey, A.C.Niaey, N.O.*aaaea?iaa) i?eaa?oaee
iiaeyaee ?.O?aiea, ye? a e?ioe? O?O – ia ii/aoeo OO noie?ooy iaee
cia/iee aieea ia ?icaeoie iaaeaaia?/ii? aeoiee. I?ia?aneai? ?aea? ?yaeo
aecia/ieo a?iiaaenueeeo oa ina?oi?o ae?y/?a (?.I.Aaaeainueeiai,
A.?.Aieioeia, TH.?.Aooee-Aaiae?ia, I.A.Aeooiiae/a, I.TH.Eiaeeyinueei?,
TH.A.Oaaeueeiae/a) aeine?aeaeai? o i?aoeyo O.Aaeoeo?e, TH.Aa/?,
O.Aaaeia?aeiai?, E.Aie?iaeiai?, I.I.Eaeaie/aiei, E.?.Eiaeeyinueei?,
A.I.Eooi??aiei, I.N.Iaeiaay, I.A.Iaooaea?a, O.?.Iaoiaiei,
Ae.?.Iai?oeaae/, A.A.?inoea, ?.A.*a?a?inueei?, I.A.Oeieiaoeue.

Ii?yae c oeei caoaaaeeii, ui aaaeeea? aeey oai??? ? i?aeoeee iaa/aiiy ?
aeoiaaiiy i?iaeaie caeeoathoueny iaaeinoaoiuei ?ice?eoeie: c iaeiiai
aieo, iaei aeine?aeaeothoueny i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO noie?ooy o
aca?iica’yceo c iniaeeainoyie nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai, ?noi?e/iiai,
iie?oe/iiai noaio iaoiai ia?iaeo; c ?ioiai – iinoa?
ia’?eoeaia iaiao?aei?noue aea/aiiy aieeao ia oi?ioaaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee aeaiiai ia??iaeo na?oiai? ?, ia?aaeon?i, cao?aeii?
aoiai?noe/ii? iaaeaaia?/ii? aeoiee; iaaeinoaoiuei aeine?aeaeai? aeoiai?
iiaeeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy aoiai?noe/iiai na?oiaeyaeo ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy
iaaeaaia?/ieo i?aoeue, a oaeiae oai??a caaooeo oe?a?inueeeo
ienueiaiiee?a, iniaeeai ii/aoeo OO noie?ooy; aeiaaathoue oaaae ieoaiiy,
ui oi?eathoueny ?aae?caoe?? ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee aeine?aeaeoaaiiai
ia??iaeo o aeu?e iaaeaaia?/i?e oeie? no/aniino?.

A?aoiaoth/e aeooaeuei?noue aecia/aii? i?iaeaie oa ia’?eoeaio iio?aao
aea/aiiy ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aeina?aeo ieioeiai a no/aniee
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee i?ioean, iaaeinoaoith aeine?aeaeai?noue i?iaeaie,
oaiith aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?aii: “?icaeoie ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? (e?iaoeue O?O – ii/aoie OO no.)”.

Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiiaii a?aeiia?aeii aei oaiaoe/iiai
ieaio iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ?inoeoooo iaaeaaia?ee ? ineoieia??
i?ioan?eii? ina?oe AII Oe?a?ie i?e ?ic?iaoe? oaie: “?aea? aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee No?aeii? Aaee/eie (e?iaoeue O?O – ii/aoie OO noie?ooy) oa ?o
?aae?caoe?y o aeu?e oeie? Oe?a?ie ia no/aniiio aoai?” o neeaae?
eiiieaenii? “Iaoeiai-oai?aoe/ia oa iaoiaee/ia caaacia/aiiy aoiai?caoe??
i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee niaoe?ae?noa o aeu?e oeie?” (?E 0197E006396).

Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy: i?ioean noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy: ci?no ? iniiai? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy: aecia/eoe iniaeeaino? noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.,
?ice?eoe ?o ?ieue ? cia/aiiy o i?ia?aneaiiio iinooi? ina?oe a aeaiiio
?aa?ii?, aeine?aeeoe iiaeeeaino? aeei?enoaiiy iaaooiai aeina?aeo a
i?aeoeoe? no/anii? aeui? iaaeaaia?/ii? oeiee.

Eiioeaioe?y aeine?aeaeaiiy. Nenoaia i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee iaeaooiueiai
a/eoaey ia?aaeaa/a? anaa?/i?noue aoiai?caoe?? e aoiai?oa?ecaoe??
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano.

Aoiai?caoe?y na?aaeiuei? ? aeui? oeiee, ci?oeiaiiy ca’yceo iaa/aiiy c
aeoieaie iaoe?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e aeiaaathoue aea/aiiy ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee ieioeiai a no/anio i?ioan?eii-iaaeaaia?/io
i?aeaioiaeo a/eoaey. ?ica’ycaiiy oe??? i?iaeaie noaia caii?oeith ia eeoa
oi?ioaaiiy aoiai?noe/ii? na?aeiiino?, ci???ioiaaii? ia
caaaeueiiethaenuee? oe?iiino?, aea e anoaiiaeaiiy ?aaeueieo iiceoeaieo
aca?iei o nenoaiao: “aeeeaaea/ – nooaeaio”, “nooaeaio – aeeeaaea/”,
“aeeeaaea/ – aeeeaaea/”, “nooaeaio – nooaeaio”. Iine?aeiaia a?aooaaiiy
aca?iica’yceo iaoe?iiaeueiiai ? caaaeueiiethaenueeiai o i?ioan?ei?e
i?aeaioiaoe? iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey ni?eyoeia noaiiaeaiith eiai oaoiaino?,
eoeueoo?e, aeniei? ii?aeueiino?, ?ioae??aioiino?, aoiaiiino?.

Oe?iieie aeey nueiaiaeaiiy ? ?aea? aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee Cao?aeii?
Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no., ye? aoee coiiaeai? iaoe?iiaeueiei
a?ae?iaeaeaiiyi. E?au? iaaeaaia?/i? caeiaooee ieioeiai ne?ae
aeei?enoiaoaaoe oai?/i, c o?aooaaiiyi no/anieo iio?aa ?icaeoeo
iniaenoino? e noni?euenoaa.

Caaaeueia a?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a oiio, ui i?ioean
aoiai?caoe?? oaoiai? i?aeaioiaee iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey iaaoaa?
aoaeoeaiino? oiae?, eiee a?oioiaii aea/athoueny ? oai?/i
aeei?enoiaothoueny iaaeaaiiy ieioeiai.

Caaaeueia a?iioaca ciaoiaeeoue na?e aeya o /anoeiaeo a?iioacao, a naia:

1. Aaaeeeaith o i?aeaioiaoe? a/eoaey aei oi?ioaaiiy aoiaiieo oe?iiinoae
a o/i?a ?, ia?aaeon?i, eiai aeania aioiai?noue aei aea/aiiy aaiethoe??
?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee, ?o ?ioa??i?ecaoe?y ia na?oiaeyaeiiio ??ai?.

2. Iniiaiee ci?no ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee (ia?iaei?noue,
i?e?iaeia?aeiia?aei?noue, eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aei?noue, ?aeay a?eueiiai
?icaeoeo iniaenoino?, ?aeay ii?aeueii-i?aaiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?
iaaeaaiaa) ia? aooe ci???ioiaaiei ia ?icaeoie oai?/eo iiaeeeainoae o/iy,
a?aooaaiiy niaoeeo?ee oeueiai i?ioeano a eiie?aoieo oiiaao iaa/aeueii?
ae?yeueiino?.

A?aeiia?aeii aei i?aaeiaoa, iaoe, a?iioac aecia/aii iniiai? caaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiiy:

– aeine?aeeoe nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/i? e eoeueoo?ii-ina?oi? ia?aaeoiiae
aeieeiaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee ia cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo caieyo;

– aeyaeoe iniiaiee ci?no ? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee a Aaee/ei?, Aoeiaei?, Caea?iaoo? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO
no.;

– i?inoaaeeoe aieea cao?aeii?a?iiaenueei? iaaeaaia?/ii? aeoiee ia
i?ioean noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e
Oe?a?i? aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ia??iaeo;

– ?ic?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei oai?/iai canoinoaaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee a i?aeoeoe? no/anii? oeiee.

Iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy noaiiaeyoue: oai??y i?ciaiiy;
iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ?noi?e/iiai e eia?/iiai ye iaoiaeieia?/iiai niiniao
a?aeoai?aiiy ae?eniino?; iieiaeaiiy uiaei aca?iica’yceo ?
aca?iicoiiaeaiino? noni?eueii-iaaeaaia?/ieo yaeu oa iaiao?aei?noue ?o
aea/aiiy a eiie?aoii-?noi?e/ieo oiiaao; ae?aeaeoe/i? i?eioeeie
ia’?eoeaiino?, iaoeiaino?, nenoaiiino?.

Oai?aoe/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy noaiiaeyoue iieiaeaiiy, ye?
a?oioothoueny ia:

– o?einionueei-iaaeaaia?/i?e oai??? aca?iica’yceo aeaoa?i?i?cio e
?iaeaoa?i?i?cio, ye? aeathoue iiaeeea?noue i?iaiae?coaaoe i?ioean
noaiiaeaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee ia eeoa c iiaeyaeo a?aeiieo
?acoeueoao?a, aea ? ?o iacaaa?oaiino? (I.I.Ae?aaiiaiia,
ss.A.Eiiainueeee, ?.Eenye-?oaeieoeueeee, A.N.Iaea?aiei,
E.A.Ianoaeioeoe?, A.N.Neiai?iaea, E.Ae.Ooeinueeee, ?.ss.O?aiei,
Ae.?.*eaeaanueeee, ?.THueoei);

– o?einionueei-iaaeaaia?/i?e oai??? aca?iica’yceo iaoe?iiaeueiiai e
caaaeueiiethaenueeiai o oi?ioaaii? aoiaiieo oe?iiinoae iniaenoino?
(A.A.Aauaiei, A.?.Aieioei, N.?.Aannai, I.A.Aeooiiae/, N.O.?oniaa,
A.I.Nooiieeinueeee, I.Ae.TH?eaae/);

– ?noi?eei-iaaeaaia?/i?e oai??? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ia’?eoeaiiai ?
noa’?eoeaiiai, oaeoa ? oai??? a iaooe? (I.N.A?ooaanueeee,
Ae.?.Aei?ioaiei, ?.I.E?ei’yeaae/, O.I?ieiiiae/);

– ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i?e oai??? iniaenoino? oa ?? ?icaeoeo a i?ioean?
ae?yeueiino? (N.Aaeae, A.Aa?a?inueeee, ?.Aa?oioaanueeee, I.Iiiiae/,
N.Niaeue-Noioeueeee).

Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy: o?iiieia?/iee; nenoaiii-no?oeoo?iee; aiae?co;
neioaco; oai?aoe/iiai ocaaaeueiaiiy oa ii??aiyiiy ?noi?e/ieo oaeo?a,
iiae?e, iaaeaaia?/ieo yaeu; nenoaiaoecaoe?? oa eeaneo?eaoe?? a?o?aieo
aeaea?ae, ?noi?eei-iaaeaaia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e; aea/aiiy ieai?a, i?ia?ai,
caeii?a, oe?eueieo i?ae?o/iee?a, aeieoiaioaoe?? oa ca?o?a ae?yeueiino?
??cieo ina?oiuei-oe?eueieo oiaa?enoa.

I?aai?caoe?y aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeiny o o?e aoaie
i?ioyaii 1993 – 1998 ?ie?a.

Ia ia?oiio aoai? (1993-1994) aea/aany noai ?ic?iaee aeaii? i?iaeaie ia
oai?aoe/iiio ? i?eeeaaeiiio ??aiyo. Aoei ?ic?iaeaii i?ia?aio ? iaoiaeeeo
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aenoiooi caaaeueio a?iioaco, noi?ioeueiaaii ia’?eo,
i?aaeiao, iaoo ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, aecia/aii aeaea?aeueio aaco
?iaioe.

Ia ae?oaiio aoai? (1994-1997) aoei ?ic?iaeaii e oai?aoe/ii iaa?oioiaaii
eiioeaioe?th; aeeiiaii iniiaio /anoeio aeine?aeaeaiiy ia aac?
ia?oiaeaea?ae, a?o?aieo iaoa??ae?a; nenoaiaoeciaaii ? i?iaiae?ciaaii
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeieoeueei? ?iaioe; cae?eniaii ocaaaeueiaiiy iniiaieo
?noi?eei-iaaeaaia?/ieo aeaieo o oai?aoe/iiio ? i?eeeaaeiiio aniaeoao, a
oaeiae ai?iaaaeaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy a iaaeaaia?/io i?aeoeeo
iaaeaaia?/ieo caeeaae?a ina?oe ??cieo ??ai?a ae?aaeeoaoe??.

Ia o?aoueiio aoai? (1997-1998) inoaoi/ii i?iaiae?ciaaii ci?no iniiaieo
?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee Cao?aeii? Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO
noie?ooy, nenoaiaoeciaaii e ocaaaeueiaii aanue aeine?aeiee iaoa??ae oa
aeeeaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy o iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yo oa
ioae?eaoe?yo.

Aeaea?aeiciaa/o aaco aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaee: iiiaae 70 a?o?aieo
iaoa??ae?a Oeaio?aeueiiai aea?aeaaiiai ?noi?e/iiai a?o?ao o Eueaia?,
aea?aeaaieo a?o?a?a Caea?iaonueei?, ?aaii-O?aie?anueei?,
Oa?iii?euenueei? oa *a?i?aaoeueei? iaeanoae; iiiaae 60 ca??iee?a
aeieoiaio?a, noaooo?a, ca?o?a ? noaoenoe/ieo a?aeiiinoae i?i
ae?yeuei?noue oe?eueieo i?aai?a, ??cieo iaaeaaia?/ieo, i?ioan?eieo,
a?iiaaenueeeo ia’?aeiaiue, ?ino?oeoe?e, iaa/aeueieo ieai?a ? i?ia?ai
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a, i?ae?o/iee?a e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.;
noni?eueii-iie?oe/ia ? iaaeaaia?/ia i?ana aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ia??iaeo;
no/ania a?o/eciyia ? ca?oa?aeia ?noi?eei-iaaeaaia?/ia, o?einionueea
e?oa?aoo?a oiui.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui ia iniia?
cae?eniaiiai oe?ieiai aiae?co ??cieo aeaea?ae:

– aia?oa i?inoaaeaii aaiethoe?th ?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a
Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no. oa ?ice?eoi ?o iniiaiee
ci?no; aeyaeaii iniaeeaino? ai?ioueae aaoi?eoa?ieo ? aoiaiieo ?aeae a
Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ia??iaeo;

– iaaoee iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo iieiaeaiiy uiaei caaaeueii? ea?oeie
ina?oiuei-oe?eueiiai aeeooy oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo Aaee/eie, Aoeiaeie ?
Caea?iaooy e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.;

– a iaoeiaee ia?a aaaaeaii iia? aeieoiaioe, ?noi?e/i? oaeoe, iia’ycai?
c? noaiiaeaiiyi ? ?icaeoeii ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee, iiaa?iooi
iacaneoaeaii caaoo? ?iaia aaaaoueio cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo iaaeaaia?a ?
ina?oi?o ae?y/?a.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? o oiio, ui:

– aecia/aii nooi?noue iiiyoue, ye? iiaeeaeththoue ?icoi?iiy ci?noo ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee (?aeay, aoiai?ci, aoiai?caoe?y, aoiai?oa?ecaoe?y);

– ?ice?eoi i?ia?aei? iieiaeaiiy iaaeaaia?/ii? niaaeueie Cao?aeii?
Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no., ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue aaiethoe?th
?icaeoeo ? ci?no ?aeae ia?iaeiino?, i?e?iaeia?aeiia?aeiino?,
eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aeiino?, a?eueiiai ?icaeoeo, ii?aeueii-i?aaiai?
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?;

– iaa?oioiaaii iaiao?aei?noue ? ?ice?eoi iiaeeeaino? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee Cao?aeii? Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.
a iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee i?ioean no/anieo caeeaae?a ina?oe.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe iieyaa? a ?ic?iaoe?
iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e “?aea? aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e
Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O ii/aoeo OO no.” aei aea/aiiy eo?no “?noi??y
iaaeaaia?ee Oe?a?ie” aeey nooaeaio?a iaaeaaia?/ieo a?aeae?eaiue
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a ???V ??ai?a ae?aaeeoaoe??. Iieiaeaiiy oa aeniiaee
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aeaea?aeii ?ioi?iaoe?? c ieoaiue
aoiai?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano a no/ani?e iaoe?iiaeuei?e
oeie?. Aiie iiaeooue aeei?enoiaoaaoeny ani??aioaie, aeine?aeieeaie aeey
aecia/aiiy i?aeoiae?a iaaeaaia?a-aoiai?no?a Cao?aeii? Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O
– ii/aoeo OO no. aei ?ica’ycaiiy i?iaeai nooiino? ? ci?noo ?aeae
ia?iaeiino?, i?e?iaeia?aeiia?aeiino?, eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aeiino?,
a?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy iniaenoino?, ii?aeueii-i?aaiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?
iaaeaaiaa; aeeeaaea/ai iaaeaaia?/ieo caeeaae?a ina?oe e oi?aa?neoao?a
aeey iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo iaoe?iiaeueii? nenoaie aeoiaaiiy, a?o/eciyii?
iaaeaaia?ee.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy ni?eyoeiooue iiaeeaeai?e ?ic?iaoe?
a?aeiia?aeieo ?icae?e?a i?ae?o/iee?a ? iin?aiee?a c ?noi??? iaaeaaia?ee,
eoeueoo?e aeey aeueo caeeaae?a ina?oe, neeaaeaiith i?ia?ai
niaoenai?ia??a, aaeineiiaeaiith oaeno?a eaeoe?e.

Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
I?aeaioiaeai? iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? “?aea? aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a
Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.” ai?iaaaeaeaii a
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee i?ioean Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.
?.O?aiea (Aeo ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ? 188-105 , a?ae 2 eenoiiaaea 1998 ?.),
na?aaeiuei? oeiee ?80 i. Eueaiaa (Aeo ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ? 14, a?ae 23
aa?aniy 1998 ?.).

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a a iaea?aeaii? iaoeiaeo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? o:

– a?aeoai?aii? caaaeueii? ea?oeie aaiace, noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.;

– aeyaeaii? nooiino? ci?noo ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee oa aena?oeaii?
iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e ?o ?icaeoeo a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O –
ii/aoeo OO no.;

– ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e aeey nooaeaio?a, ani??aio?a,
aeeeaaea/?a.

A??ia?aei?noue ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy caaacia/aia iaoiaeieia?/iei
iaa?oiooaaiiyi eiai aeo?aeieo iiceoe?e; canoinoaaiiyi eiiieaeno
iaoiae?a, aaeaeaaoieo ia’?eoo, i?aaeiaoo, iao? oa caaaeaiiyi
aeine?aeaeaiiy; aeei?enoaiiyi oe?iei? aeaea?aeiciaa/i? aace, cie?aia
a?o?aieo aeieoiaio?a ? iaoa??ae?a.

Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny:

1. Iieiaeaiiy uiaei oa?aeoa?enoeee nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo oa
eoeueoo?ii-ina?oi?o ia?aaeoiia aeieeiaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a
Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no., nooue yeeo iieyaa? a
ooaa?aeaeaii? eiinoeoooe?eiiai eaaeo, c?inoaii? iaoe?iiaeueii?
na?aeiiino? oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo, iineeaii? aieeao a?iiaaenueeiai ?ooo
ia aeooiaia aeeooy iaoe??.

2. Oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy ci?noo iniiaieo ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee:
ia?iaeiino?, i?e?iaeia?aeiino?, eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aeiino?, a?eueiiai
aeoiaaiiy iniaenoino?, ii?aeueii-i?aaiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? iaaeaaiaa.

3. Iieiaeaiiy i?i oa, ui ?icaeoie ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e
Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no. aecia/aany iiaei na?oiaeyaeiei
i?aeoiaeii, a iniia? yeiai – noaaeaiiy aei ethaeeie ye aei oe?e?nii?,
aeui? ? iaiiaoi?ii? oe?iiino?;

4. Aeniiaee i?i aeioe?euei?noue oai?/iai aeei?enoaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee aeey iio?aa oe?a?inueei? oeiee nueiaiaeaiiy.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ? ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiiia?aeaeeny ia can?aeaiiyo eaai?aoi??? aoiai?caoe??
i?ioan?eii? ina?oe, a/aii? ?aaee Euea?anueeiai iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iiai
oeaio?o ?inoeoooo iaaeaaia?ee ? ineoieia?? i?ioan?eii? ina?oe AII
Oe?a?ie, a oaeiae ia 2 i?aeia?iaeieo, 3
anaoe?a?inueeeo, 4 i?ae?aa?iiaeueieo oa ?ioeo eiioa?aioe?yo, nai?ia?ao,
iaaeaaia?/ieo /eoaiiyo o A?iieoe?, Eueaia?, ??aiiio, Oa?iiiie?,
*a?i?aoeyo.

Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy a?aeia?aaeai? a 13 iaoeiaeo noaooyo,
caaaeueiei ianyaii iniaenoiai aianeo 2,31 aaoi?nueeeo a?eoo?a, c ieo 10
iaienaii aac ni?aaaoi?noaa, 4 noaoo? iioae?eiaaii a iaoeiaeo oaoiaeo
aeaeaiiyo.

No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??.

?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, aeaio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a aei eiaeiiai
?icae?eo, caaaeueieo aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae. Caaaeueiee
ianya aeena?oaoe?? – 176 noi??iie. Nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae
aeeth/a? 392 iaeiaioaaiy, c ieo 51 – ?iicaiieie iiaaie, 75 – a?o?aieo
aeaea?ae.

Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe??

O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aea?? oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy oa eiai o?iiieia?/i?
iaae?; aecia/aii ia’?eo, i?aaeiao, iaoo ? caaaeaiiy, iaoiaeieia?/i?
canaaee, iaoeiao iiaecio, oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy, iaoiaee ?
aeaea?aeueio aaco aeine?aeaeaiiy; aeeeaaeaii iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny
ia caoeno, aena?oeaii ai?iaaoe?th ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iniiaieo ?acoeueoao?a
aeena?oaoe??.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? – “Oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae ?icaeoeo ?aea?
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee” – aeeeaaeaii iaoiaeieiai-oai?aoe/i? canaaee e
ia?aaeoiiae noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a
Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no., ooi/iaii iiiyooy “?aeay”,
“nooi?noue”, “aoiai?ci”, “aoiai?caoe?y ina?oe”, “aoiai?oa?ecaoe?y
ina?oe”.

Ia iniia? ?noi?eei-eia?/iiai aiae?co a?o?aieo iaoa??ae?a, iaaeaaia?/ii?
e nioe?ieia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e aeyaeaii, ui iaioaaiiy aaoi?eoa?ii?
iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i?, iniaeeai a aeieiinoeoooe?eiee ia??iae,
coiiaethaaeiny ciai?oi?ie ? aioo??oi?ie i?e/eiaie.

Aei ciai?oi?o i?e/ei a?aeiinyoueny: iiaia aeiiii?/ia, iie?oe/ia e
nioe?ieoeueoo?ia i?aeii?yaeeiaai?noue oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo cao?aeiiai
?aa?iio Aano?i-Oai?uei?. Aaoi?eoa?ia iaaeaaia?/ia nenoaia, eiina?aaoeai?
?aea? ciaoiaeeee nai? cae??ieaiiy ia?aaeon?i o aea?aeaaieo caeiiao,
noaoooao, ?aaoeyi?iao (1774, 1805, 1816, 1869, 1924 ??.). Oeeie oa
?ioeie i?aaiaeie aeoaie aecia/aeiny aacoiiaia i?aeii?yaeeoaaiiy oeiee
aea?aeaa?, anoaiiaethaaeanue iaeiaeia?noue (?aeaioe/i?noue) iaa/aeueiiai
i?ioeano a on?o iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao, cai?iaaaeaeoaaany aei?noeee
?iniaeoi?nueeee eiio?ieue, iiea?aiiy a/eoae?a, o/i?a ? iaa?oue ?o
aaouee?a. Caeiiaie aecia/aeenue iniiai? i?aaeiaoe iaa/aiiy,
iaaieiooaaeiny ia iaiao?aeiino? aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiae?a, niinia?a
iaa/aiiy ? aeoiaaiiy, aea i?aea ia eoeiny i?i aoiaiia noaaeaiiy aei
aeeoeie, ?icaeoie ?? i?e?iaeieo iaaea?oaaiue ? cae?aiinoae,
iaoe?iiaeueii-eoeueoo?iee naiiaeya.

Aioo??oi? i?e/eie – oea ao?aoa iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?,
iaaeinoaoi?noue ?icoi?iiy noni?euei?noth ?aeae aoiai?cio ia
na?oiaeyaeiiio ??ai?. ?ioaeaeooaeueiee na?oiaeyae oe?a?inueei?
?ioae??aioe?? ?aa?iio caeeoaany ia?aaeon?i aano??enueeei ?
i?ia?ioe?eii-aaeeoeueeei /e i?ia?ioe?eii-caea?iaonueeei, -aoeiaeinueeei.
A oe?eiio oea aoa noaiiai-?ae?a?eii-aeeiano?eiee na?oiaeyae
uiaei nooiino?, i?noey ? ?ie? ethaeeie a noni?euenoa?.

Aiae?c a?o?aieo aeaea?ae, iaaeaaia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e, ia??iaee/ieo
aeaeaiue aeicaiey? noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui ie?ai? aeaiaioe aoiaiiii?
iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? ia ii/aoeo O?O no. caii/aoeiaoaaee:
?.Aaaeeaae/, ss.Aieiaaoeueeee, A.Aeia?yinueeee, ?.Eaa??anueeee,
E.Eiceinueeee, ?.Iiaeeueieoeueeee, ?.Ni?ao?nueeee, I.Oaoeaae/
(Aaee/eia); I.Aaeoaeyinueeee, TH.Aooea-Aaiae?i, I.Aeooiiae/, I.Eiae?e,
?.I?eae, ?.?aeianueeee, ?.*o?aiae/ (Caea?iaooy); A.Aiae?ooiae/,
O.Aeaaeaae/, I.Ao?a/einueeee, ss.Ai?iaeaae/, E.Aeoae??, ?.Iieoeaae/,
I.Naiaea, TH.Oaaeueeiae/, A.ssiiae/ (Aoeiaeia) oa ?i. A?aenooi?noue
aeinoaoiuei? e?eueeino? e?oa?aoo?e aoiai?noe/iiai ni?yioaaiiy,
iaaeaaia?/ii? aeo?iae?noeee, iacaoe?eaaeai?noue eiina?aaoeaii? aa?o?aee
no?eioaaee iioe?aiiy iaa?oue ie?aieo ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a
noni?euenoa?, aaeueioaaee ?o ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee
i?ioean.

sse na?ae/aoue ?acoeueoaoe iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, ni?aaaei? i?aeianaiiy
?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee ?icii/aeiny i?ney “aanie ia?iae?a” (1848 ?.).
Naia c oeueiai /ano iaaeaaia?ea a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? aeinyaea oaeiai
??aiy, yeiai aiia ia caeaoia aoea aeinyaoe i?ioyaii aeae?eueeio
iiia?aaei?o noie?oue. I?e/eia iieyaaea a oiio, ui iaa/aiiy ? aeoiaaiiy
ia?anoaee aooe i?iaeaiith eeoa aea?aeaae, aiie noaee ni?aaith
noni?eueiith. A?iiaaenuee?noue aenoioea ?yae ae?y/?a ina?oe, aeey yeeo
iaaeaaia?/i? ieoaiiy noaee iaoith aeeooy, ieoaiiyi a?eueiiai aeai?o.
Ina?oa ?icaeyaeaeany ieie ye iaeei ?c iaeaaaeeea?oeo cania?a aeoiaaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino? i?ae?inoath/eo iieie?iue.

Canoinoaaiiy o aeine?aeaeaii? i?eioeeio aca?iica’yceo aeaoa?i?i?cio e
?iaeaoa?i?i?cio aeicaieeei aea/eoe, c iaeiiai aieo, /iio caciaaaee
ii?acee ?aea? aaoi?eoa?ii? iaaeaaia?ee, a, c ?ioiai, – /iio ?aea?
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee ia ??cieo aoaiao ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa ia iaaoaaee
iaeaaeiiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee i?ioean.

Aecia/aii e iaa?oioiaaii o?e aoaie noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee a aeine?aeaeoaaiee ia??iae. A iniiao oai?aoe/iiai
iaa?oiooaaiiy ia??iaeecaoe?? aaiace e aaiethoe?? ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee Cao?aeii? Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no. aoei
iieeaaeaii ia??iaeecaoe?th A.I.Nooia?eea, a ye?e a?aeia?aaeai? aieiai?
?noi?e/i? iiae?? ? oaeoe, ui aieeaaee ia ?icaeoie ? noaiiaeaiiy ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee ?aa?iio:

– 1869-1900 ??. – ia??iae aeoeaiiai iiooeo na?oiaeyaeieo canaae ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee, cie?aia ?aeae ia?iaeiino?,
i?e?iaeia?aeiia?aeiino?, ii?aeueii-i?aaiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?
iaaeaaiaa. Eiinoeoooe?ei? ?aoi?ie 60-o ?ie?a O?O no. a Aano?i-Oai?nuee?e
?iia??? noai?eee iaeaaeiee ooiaeaiaio aeey ?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee. Iii?e naith iaaeineiiae?noue o ni?aaao ina?oe aano??enueea
eiinoeoooe?y a?aee?eea an?i ia?iaeai aea?aeaae ??aiee oeyo aeey
caeiaooe?a. Ooai?aiiy ia?eaiaioa?ecio, yeiio noaeeeiny noaoe
iaa?ae’?iiith iciaeith aea?aeaaiiai ono?ith iia?oiuei? aeiae, iinooiiai
ci?ithaaei noni?eueio ineoieia?th, aeaui aoiai?coaaei aca?ieie i?ae
a?iiaaeyiaie, ni?eyei iiya? iiaeo ?aeae, noaiiaeaiith aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee. Oa?aeoa?iei aeey aeaiiai ia??iaeo aoei ona?aeiieaiiy
na?onueeith ?ioae??aioe??th, ui ieeina?aey, ni?a/oooy, aeae?noue, eanea
– oea eeoa aeaiaioe aoiaiiino?, aeya ni?aaaeiuei? aoiaiiino? iiaeeeaee
ia na?oiaeyaeiiio ??ai?. Iiaee na?oiaeyaeiee i?aeo?ae
cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo iaaeaaia?a uiaei aecia/aiiy nooiino? ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee a?oiooaaany ia ?aeaaeao ??aiino?, naiaiaee, ona?aeiieaiiy,
ui ethaeeia – ia can?a, a iaoa noni?eueiiai e iniaenoiai ?icaeoeo.

– 1900-1919 ??. – ia??iae oi?ioaaiiy aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee,
aeueoa?iaoeaii? aei aea?aeaaii-aaoi?eoa?ii?, ia iniia? noni?eueiino?,
eoeueoo?ii-ina?oiueiai ?ooo, i?eaaoiiai oe?a?inueeiai oe?eueieoeoaa. A
oeae ia??iae aee?enoae?ciaothoueny ?aea? eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aeiino? e
a?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy iniaenoino?. A?aeaoaa?oueny ia eeoa ?ic?iaea, aea e
/anoeiaa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee
i?ioean ia iniia? aeei?enoaiiy ci?noo e a?aeiia?aeieo oi?i ? iaoiae?a
i?aeoe/ii? ?iaioe;

– 1919 – 1939 ??. – ia??iae caaa?oaiiy ?ic?iaee oai?aoe/ieo canaae ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oeeo ?aeae o iaaeaaia?/io i?aeoeeo
iaaoaa? iaia?a?aiiai e nenoaiaoe/iiai oa?aeoa?o, iacaaaeath/e ia
iaaaoeai? iie?oe/i? ci?ie aeey oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio.
Ia iniia? aiae?co iaa/aeueieo ieai?a, i?ia?ai, i?ae?o/iee?a iiaeia
noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui a oeth aeiao niinoa??aa?oueny oaiaeaioe?y aei
iacai?ioiino? i?ioeano ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a
iaaeaaia?/io i?aeoeeo, oi/a oene c aieo iieuenueei? oeyooe, ?oioinueeiai
aiy?noaa, oai?nueeeo ? /anueeeo oia?i?no?a aoa aei?noeei ? iino?eiei.

Nie?ath/enue ia i?eioeeie ia’?eoeaiino?, ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oaeoa e oai???
a iaooe?, c?iaeaii aeniiaie, ui aeieeiaiiy ? noaiiaeaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? caii/aoeiaaii ia aano??enueeeie,
iieuenueeeie, ?oioinueeeie, oai?nueeeie iaaeaaiaaie, ye oea iaiaaaeeny ?
iaiaaathoueny aeiaanoe aeaye? aeine?aeieee ?noi??? Aano???, Iieueu?,
?oioi??, Oai?ueie, a i?ia?aneaieie oe?a?inueeeie iaaeaaiaaie,
eoeueoo?ii-ina?oi?ie ? a?iiaaenueeeie ae?y/aie.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? – “Iniaeeaino? noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? (e?iaoeue O?O – ii/aoie OO no.)” –
iaa?oioiaaii iieiaeaiiy, ca?aeii c yeei iniiaieie neeaaeiaeie ?aea?
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee o iiaeyaeao cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo ina?oyi,
a?iiaaenueeeo ae?y/?a aenooiaee oae?: ia?iaei?noue,
i?e?iaeia?aeiia?aei?noue, eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aei?noue, ?aeay a?eueiiai
aeoiaaiiy iniaenoino?, ?aeay ii?aeueii-i?aaiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?
iaaeaaiaa. I?iaiae?ciaaii ?o ci?no, aaiethoe?th, iniaeeaino? e
oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo a?aeiia?aeii aei eiaeiiai c aoai?a.

O oa?aeoa?enoeoe? ci?noo ?aea? ia?iaeiino? iniaeeao oaaao i?eae?eaii
aena?oeaiith ?ie? oe?a?inueei? iiae ye iniiaiiai /eiieea iaoe?iiaeueiiai
naiii?ciaiiy e naiicaa?aaeaiiy. A?aoiaoth/e iaaeinoaoi? aea/aiiy oe???
i?iaeaie iaoeiaoeyie oa ?? aeooaeuei?noue nueiaiaei?, aeaoaeueii
i?iaiae?ciaaii, ye a?aeaoaaeany ai?ioueaa ca ??aeio iiao ia o?yaeiaiio,
a?iiaaenueeiio, eoeueoo?ii-ina?oiueiio ??aiyo, a oaeiae ia ??ai? ??
aaciina?aaeiueiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee
i?ioean. Oaeee i?aeo?ae aeicaieea aeyaeoe iaai? caeiiii??iino? e
noia?a/iino? oeueiai i?ioeano, aena?oeeoe i?e/eie caeiaooe?a ? ao?ao
oe?a?inueei? ?ioae??aioe?? Cao?aeii? Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.
o ai?iouea? ca ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?aea? ia?iaeiino? a noni?eueiiio e
ina?oiueiio eie?. Aeiaaaeaii, ui ina?oi?, a?iiaaenuee? ae?y/?
aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ia??iaeo ia iaiaaeoaaee ?aeath ia?iaeiino? i?iaeaiith
iiae. ?? iaiaei?iii iia’ycoaaee c ia?iaeieie cae/ayie, o?aaeeoe?yie,
iia/aiiyie, i?niyie, eaaaiaeaie, /a??aiei na?oii eacee oiui.

Aiae?c a?o?aieo iaoa??ae?a, iaaeaaia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e, ia??iaeeee oa
?ioeo aeaea?ae aeicaieea c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i oa, ui ?ic?iaea ?aeae
i?e?iaeia?aeiia?aeiino? a?aeaoaaeany ye ia ??oio? iaaooe?a i?ia?aneaii?
cao?aeii?a?iiaenueei? aeoiee, oae ? ia aeaniiio ??oio?, c o?aooaaiiyi
aaiioeio oe?a?ioey, eiai naiiaooi?o ?en. I?ia?aeiith aeoieith aenooia?
oaea: aeoiaaoaeue o nai?e ae?yeueiino? iiaeiai ea?oaaoeny /eiieeaie
i?e?iaeiiai ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?. Iaea?eueo oa?aeoa?ieie iiaeyaeaie
cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo ina?oyi aeine?aeaeoaaii? aeiae uiaei ?icaeoeo ?aea?
i?e?iaeia?aeiia?aeiino? ?:

A. ?aae?caoe?y i?e?iaeieo iaaea?oaaiue caeaaeeoue a?ae neee aie?. A?ae
aie?, ianeai?noue, e?ieanoai aaeueiothoue ?aae?caoe?th i?e?iaeieo
caaeaoe?a aeeoeie (N.Aaeae).

A. I?e?iaei?e iaaea?iaaiino? aeeoeie ia? aaeaeaaoii a?aeiia?aeaoe
i?aai?caoe?y iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano (?.Ea?aoeeoeueeee, I.Iiiiae/,
A.?aoaeuenueeee, ?.THueoei);

A. Caeaoi?noue aeaniiai aeoiaiiy, oai?/?noue, aeeaa ae?yeuei?noue
aeieeaathoue ?c i?e?iaeii? iio?aae aeeoeie (I.Aa?a?inueeee,
A.A?aoeueiia, I.Aeooiiae/, N.Niaeue-Noioeueeee, TH.Oaaeueeiae/,
?.O?aiei);

A. O?ce/ia ? noaoaaa aeoiaaiiy ia? ni?eyoe i?e?iaeiiio ?icaeoeia?
aeeoeie (?.Aaaeainueeee, I.?aai/oe, ?.Eonaae/, I.Iaeoo, ?.Ia?oaoeueeee,
?.O?aiei);

Ae. Anoaoe/ia aeoiaaiiy iiaeiii ii/eiaoeny c ia?oeo aei?a aeeooy
aeeoeie, aiii ia? ieaeaoe o aeeoeie a?ae/oooy e?ane, aeia?a, ?aaeino?.
Iniaeeaa ?ieue a anoaoe/iiio aeoiaaii? iaeaaeeoue i?ni? (A.Aa?a?inueeee,
?.Aa?oioaanueeee, I.Eieanna).

O aeena?oaoe?? aeiaaaeaii, ui ?aeay eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aeiino?
o?aaeeoe?eii aeaoaeiao?oueny cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeie iaaeaaiaaie ia
a?aeiia?aeiino? aeoiaaiiy aei aeiia na?aaeiaeua ? /ano. I?ioa ?o iiaeyae
oeei ia iaiaaeo?oueny. Iaea?eueo oe?eaaei ? oa, ui a/ai? Cao?aeii?
Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no. ?icaeaathoue ?aeath
eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aeiino? c o?aooaaiiyi aioo??oi?o /eiiee?a
(ni?yiiaaiino? ineo?/ieo i?ioean?a), i?eoaiaiieo iaoiio ia?iaeia?,
iaaieiooth/e ia oiio, ui eoeueoo?iee ?icaeoie ?iaeea?aea e iaoe??
coiiaeaiee ia eeoa ciai?oi?ie, aea e aioo??oi?ie iniaeeainoyie.
A?aeiia?aeii aei ineoieia?/iiai neeaaeo ia?iaeo, eiai naiiaooiuei?
eoeueoo?e ia? aooe i?aai?ciaaia ina?oa, aeoiaaiiy.

sse iieacaei aeine?aeaeaiiy, eiioeaiooaeueiith aeoieith na?aae
i?eoeeueiee?a ?aea? a?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy aoea oaea: ?icaeoie nee ?
cae?aiinoae eiaeii? aeeoeie ia? aooe a?eueiei, ia iaiaaeaiei aeiaeieie
?aieaie, ni?yiiaaiei ia iiaio naii?aae?caoe?th, naiiaeya ?iaeea?aea.
Ao?eaiiy ?aeae a?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy ina?oyie ?aa?iio iia’ycoaaee
ia?aaeon?i c ?icaeoeii ia?aae? i?eaaoieo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a. Aea e
aea?aeaaia oeiea ia? aoaeoaaoeny ia canaaeao aoiaiiino?, ??aiino?,
iioaie aei o/eoaey e o/iy. I?ioa ?aeay a?eueiiai aeoiaaiiy a Cao?aei?e
Oe?a?i? iaeaea ia caciaea ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o iaaeaaia?/io i?aeoeeo ye
/a?ac nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?, oae ? /a?ac i?e/eie, iia’ycai? c
a?aeaa?oei iai?eeiyooyi ?? cia/iith /anoeiith ina?oyi.

?aeay ii?aeueii-i?aaiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? iia’ycoaaeany iaei??th
a?oiith iaaeaaia?a c ?ao?iniaeoeai?noth, a iniiao yei? aoei iieeaaeaii
iaia’ycie (I.Aa?a?inueeee, ?.Aa?oioaanueeee, A.?eueieoeueeee,
?.Eaa??anueeee, ?.Iaoiiae/, A.Iao?eeaae/), a ?ioa a?oia aeio?eioaaeany
ia?niaeoeaiino?, a iniia? yei? – nia?noue, aeniea na?aeii?noue
iniaenoino? (I.A?eaithe, A.A?aoeueiia, I.A?ooaanueeee, TH.Aeca?iae/,
A.Ia/ianueeee, ?.O?aiei).

O caaaeueieo aeniiaeao aeeeaaeaii iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy,
aecia/aii oeyoe ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee Cao?aeii?
Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO noie?ooy a no/aniee iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee
i?ioean.

AENIIAEE

?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieythoue noaa?aeaeoaaoe:

1. Aaiaca ? noaiiaeaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee ia? iaaio ?noi?e/io
o?aaeeoe?th oa aaiethoe?th. Iiaee na?oiaeyaeiee i?aeo?ae
cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo iaaeaaia?a e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO noie?oue uiaei
aecia/aiiy nooiino? ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a?oiooaaany ia canaaeao
??aiino?, naiaiaee, noaaeaiiy aei ethaeeie ye aei oe?e?nii?, aeui? ?
iaiiaoi?ii? oe?iiino?, ona?aeiieaiiy, ui ethaeeia – ia can?a, a iaoa
noni?eueiiai e iniaenoiai ?icaeoeo. Oaeee i?aeo?ae i?ioenoiya iai?ai?e
aaoi?eoa?i?e iaaeaaia?oe?, yea aeeeth/a? ia?oia?noai, ni?aae?oaei?noue,
i?aaiaiiy aei naiiaeooae?caoe??, aca?ii?icoi?iiy.

2. Oaeoe aeieeiaiiy e aaiethoe?? ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee, ye?
iaaiaeyoue o nai?o aaaaoueio i?aoeyo oe?a?inuee? ?noi?eee, iaaeaaiae,
ina?oi? ae?y/?, a oe?eiio a?aeiia?aeathoue ciaiiyi i?i ?aaeueio iiae?th
c naiith oe??th iiae??th. A oie aea /an aeey aeayeeo iieuenueeeo,
aano??enueeeo, ?oioinueeeo, oai?nueeeo aeine?aeiee?a ia eeoa ieioeiai, a
e no/aniiai oa?aeoa?iee a?aenooi a?ae oeueiai i?eioeeio: ?aeaae?co?oueny
aianie iaaeaaia?a Aano???, Iieueu?, ?oioi??, Oai?ueie o ?icaeoie
ia?iaeiiai oe?eueieoeoaa a ?aa?ii?, aeiaiaeeoueny, ui a?eueo?noue ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? i?aeoi caii/aoeiaaia naia ieie,
ui ia a?aeiia?aea? ?aaeuei?e ae?eniino?.

3. Aea/aiiy a?o?aieo iaoa??ae?a, ?noi?eei-iaaeaaia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e,
ia??iaeeee oa ?ioeo aeaea?ae iieacaei, ui iniiaieie neeaaeiaeie ?aea?
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.
aenooiathoue oae?: ia?iaei?noue, i?e?iaeia?aeiia?aei?noue,
eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aei?noue, ?aeay a?eueiiai ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?, ?aeay
ii?aeueii-i?aaiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? iaaeaaiaa.

Noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoie oeeo ?aeae iaee iaai? iniaeeaino?, coiiaeai?:

– noia?a/iinoyie ?icaeoeo ?aa?iio, ye? aeyaeyee naaa, c iaeiiai aieo, o
aeaeea?iaaieo eiinoeoooe??th 1869 ?. i?aaao ia a?eueiee ?icaeoie an?o
ia?iae?a Aano?i-Oai?nueei? ?iia???, c ?ioiai – ?aaeueiith iie?oe/iith,
aeiiii?/iith, nioe?ieoeueoo?iith caeaaei?noth oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo;

– noia?a/iinoyie, iia’ycaieie c aioo??oi?i ?icaeoeii oe?a?inueeiai
ia?iaeo: iaiao?aei?noth ?aeaeii? ?aeiino? ? ?? iaaeinoaoi?i ??aiai
na?aae oe?a?inueei? ?ioae??aioe??;

– ao?aoith iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?, eoeueoo?ieo o?aaeeoe?e;

– aeciaiiyi o?enoeyinoaa o?einionueeith iniiaith iaaeaaia?/ii? oai???;

– iaaeinoaoiuei ?icaeiaiith ia?aaeath iaaeaaia?/ieo aeaeaiue.

4. ?icaeoie ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O –
ii/aoeo OO no. ? ?acoeueoaoii ae?? caaaeueieo caeiiii??iinoae ?o
noaiiaeaiiy e ?nioaaiiy a eiie?aoieo nioe?aeueii-eoeueoo?ieo oiiaao. O
oiae? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeyaeai? oae? iniiai? caeiiii??iino? ?icaeoeo ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee aeaiiai ia??iaeo:

– iaoe?iiaeueii-eoeueoo?iee, a?iiaaenueeee ?oo noeioethaaa ?icaeoie
?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee;

– ia?iaiaioi? iie?oe/i? i?ioeane uiaei oe?a?ioe?a cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio
iaaaoeaii aieeaaee ia caaaeueiee noai ?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee;

– a?aenooi?noue aea?aeaae-iaoa?eea cia/ii iineaaethaaea ?icaeoie ?
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee i?ioean.

5. ?noi?eei-iaaeaaia?/iee aiae?c aaiace, nooiino? ? ci?noo ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.
aeaa ciiao aecia/eoe ia?niaeoeai? oeyoe ?o ?icaeoeo. Nooue ?o iieyaa? o
oiio, uia a?ae?iaeaeoaaoe e?au? caeiaooee iaoe?iiaeueii? iaaeaaia?/ii?
oeiee, oi?ioaaoe iaeaooiueiai iaaeaaiaa ia aoiaiieo o?aaeeoe?yo
oe?a?inueei? iaoe?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e.

Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui ie?aieie aeueie caeeaaeaie ina?oe o iao /an
cae?enith?oueny cia/ia ?iaioa, ni?yiiaaia ia ao?eaiiy i?ia?aeieo ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee Cao?aeii? Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO noie?ooy.
Caneoaiao? ia oaaao aeina?ae ?iaioe Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. ?. O?aiea, I?eea?iaonueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?i. A. Noaoaieea, Oaeai?iaenueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo,
*a?i?aaoeueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. TH.Oaaeueeiae/a.

A oiiaao noai?aiiy iiai? nenoaie i?aeaioiaee iaeaooi?o iaaeaaia?a
i?aeaeuo?oueny ?ioa?an aei iaaeaaia?/ieo aeinyaiaiue ieioeiai. I?ia?aei?
?aea? ?noi?e/iiai aeina?aeo iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai?:

– aeey aaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee iaeaooiueiai
a/eoaey o aeueo caeeaaeao ina?oe;

– aeey ?ic?iaee ieai?a ? i?ia?ai c ?noi??? iaaeaaia?ee;

– i?e neeaaeaii? iaoiaee/ieo iin?aiee?a oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e aeey
iaaeaaia?/ieo caeeaae?a ina?oe ??cieo ??ai?a ae?aaeeoaoe??.

I?iaaaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaiey? aeneiaeoe oae? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??
I?i?noa?noao ina?oe Oe?a?ie:

– ni?eyoe ai?iaaaeaeaiith iaa/aeueieo eo?n?a c ?noi??? iaaeaaia?ee o
aeueo iaaeaaia?/ieo caeeaaeao ina?oe ?? ??aiy ae?aaeeoaoe??;

– aenooieoe i?aai?caoi?ii i?aeaioiaee ? aeaeaiiy aioieia?? iaaeaaia?/ii?
aeoiee Cao?aeii? Oe?a?ie, aea i?ia?aeio ?ieue iin?aeaee a ?aea? aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no.

A aeine?aeaeaii? ia ae/a?iai? an? aniaeoe i?iaeaie. Aeiaaathoue
iiaeaeueoi? oaaae ieoaiiy, ye? noinothoueny iaoiaeieia?/ieo oa
iaoiaee/ieo canaae oi?ioaaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee
aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ia??iaeo; ci?noo e i?eioeei?a eiino?othaaiiy
oe?a?inueeeo i?ae?o/iee?a, iin?aiee?a e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no. c
iaoith ?o oai?/iai aeei?enoaiiy a no/aniiio iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio
i?ioean?; aieeao ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee ia noaiiaeaiiy a?iiaaeyieia
iacaeaaeii? Oe?a?ie.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeai? a oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. Aaeiae/ N.I ?icaeoie ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee ia
cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo caieyo (e?iaoeue 19 – ii/aoie 20 noie?ooy) //
Eoeueoo?a Oe?a?ie, o?einio?y oa aoiai?oa?ia i?iaeaiaoeea a iaa/aeueiiio
i?ioean? o aeu?e oa na?aaei?e oaoi?/i?e oeie?. – Euea?a. – 1995. – N.
42-43.

2. Aaeiae/ N.I. ?aeay aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? (e?iaoeue
19 – ii/aoie 20 noie?ooy) // Eoeueoo?a ? ina?oa: i?iaeaie, iiooee,
oai?/? ciao?aeee / A?aei. ?aae. ? oeeaaea/ Ae.I.Aeaeiea. – A?iieoey. –
1995. – N. 80-81.

3. Aaeiae/ N.I. Aoiai?ci ?aea? ?ai?nieoeoaa o ae?yeueiino? oiaa?enoaa
“I?ina?oa” (No?aeia Aaee/eia e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO noie?ooy) //
Aoiai?caoe?y oa aoiai?oa?ecaoe?y i?ioan?eii? ina?oe: Iaoeiaiiaoiaee/iee
ca??iee / ?aae. eie.: ?.A.Cycthi oa ?i. – E. – 1996. – N. 139-141.

4. Aaeiae/ N.I. ?aeay o?oaeiaiai aeoiaaiiy o iaaeaaia?/i?e nenoai?
A?eai??y A?aoeueiie // I?iaeaie ianooiiino? oa ?ioaa?aoe?? ci?noo
iaa/aiiy o nenoai? “oeiea – IOO – AIC”: Iaoeiaiiaoiaee/iee ca??iee /
?aae. eie.: ?.A.Cycthi (aieiaa), I.I.Ooiaea (cano. aieiae), I.A.Ie/eaei
oa ?i. – A?iieoey. – 1996. – N. 21-24.

5. Aaeiae/ N.I. Aaee/eia – Cao?aeia ?a?iia: ?aea? aoiai?noe/ii?
iaaeaaia?ee (e?iaoeue O?O – ii/aoie OO no.) // Ae?aeia eoeueoo?:Oe?a?ia
o na?oiaiio eiioaeno?: Iaoa??aee ia?oeo i?aeia?iae.
o?einio.eoeueoo?ieia. /eoaiue / ?aae. eie.: N.I.*a?aiaiiaa (a?aei.
?aae.), ?.A.Cycthi, A.A.Neioiee oa ?i. – Euea?a: Eaiaiy?. – 1996. – Aei.
2. – N. 149-157.

6. Aanyiiae/ A.I. Aaeiae/ N.I. ?aeay ae?aeiao eoeueoo? o iaaeaaia?/i?e
niaaeuei? I.A?ooaanueeiai // Oeiea ca ie?, aca?ii?icoi?iiy ?
nioe?aeueiee ?icaeoie: Iaoa??aee I?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiaii?aeoe/ii?
eiioa?aioe??. – ??aia. – 1996. – N. 17-19.

7. Aaeiae/ N.I. ?aeay iaia?a?aiiai aeoiaaiiy o iaaeaaia?/i?e niaaeuei?
?iaiia Aa?oioaanueeiai // Nenoaia iaia?a?aii? ina?oe: caeiaooee, iiooee,
i?iaeaie: Iaoa??aee I?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiaii?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??: O 6
ei. – *a?i?aoe?: “Ieoaoeue”. – 1996. – Ei 2. – N. 95-98.

8. Aaeiae/ N.I. I?eioeei ia?iaeiino? o iaaeaaia?/i?e aeoioe? No?aeii?
Aaee/eie (e?iaoeue O?O – ii/aoie OO noie?ooy) // A?niee
Oa?iii?euenueeiai aenia?eiaioaeueiiai ?inoeoooo iaaeaaia?/ii? ina?oe:
Iaoa??aee iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “Iaoe?iiaeueia oeiea Oe?a?ie:
caeiiii??iino? noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo”. – Oa?iii?eue. – 1996. – N.
16-18.

9. Aaeiae/ N.I. ?aeay aacia?a?aiiai aeoiaaiiy o iaaeaaia?/i?e aeoioe?
No?aeii? Aaee/eie (e?iaoeue O?O – ii/aoie OO noie?ooy) //
Iaoeiaiiaoiaee/iee a?niee. – Euea?a. – 1997. – ?1. – N. 8183.

10. Aanyiiae/ A.I. Aaeiae/ N.I. Aoiai?noe/ia ni?yiiaai?noue ?aea?
ii?aeueiii?aaiai? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? o No?aei?e Aaee/ei? (e?iaoeue O?O
– ii/aoie OO noie?ooy) // Iaaeaaia?ea ? ineoieia?y i?ioan?eii? ina?oe. –
1997. – ? 1. – N. 6469.

11. Aanyiiae/ A.I., Aaeiae/ N.I. Iia? iaaeaaia?/i? oaoiieia?? e
ii?aeueiii?aaiaa a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue iaaeaaiaa // Iaaeaaia?ea ?
ineoieia?y i?ioan?eii? ina?oe. – 1997. – ?3-4. – N. 27-31.

12. Aaeiae/ N.I. Iaaeaaia?/ia niaaeueia Ee?aiIiaeeyinueei? aeaaeai?? ?
No?aeia Aaee/eia (e?iaoeue O?O – ii/aoie OO noie?ooy) // Iaaeaaia?ea ?
ineoieia?y i?ioan?eii? ina?oe. – 1998. – ?1. – N. 135-140.

13. Aaeiae/ N.I. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee Aaee/eie
(e?iaoeue O?O – ii/aoie OO noie?ooy) a no/anio oi?aa?neoaonueeo
i?aeaioiaeo a/eoaey // Iaaeaaia?ea ? ineoieia?y i?ioan?eii? ina?oe. –
1998. – ?2. – N. 172-177.

Aaeiae/ N.I. ?icaeoie ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i?
(e?iaoeue O?O – ii/aoie OO no.). – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee. –
?inoeooo iaaeaaia?ee ? ineoieia?? i?ioan?eii? ina?oe AII Oe?a?ie, Ee?a,
1998.

Caoeua?oueny ?oeiien, yeee i?noeoue aeine?aeaeaiiy noaiiaeaiiy ?
?icaeoeo ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee Cao?aeii? Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O –
ii/aoeo OO no. O ?iaio? aecia/aii nooi?noue iiiyoue, ye? iiaeeaeththoue
?icoi?iiy ci?noo ?aeae aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee, aeyaeaii iniiai?
ia?aaeoiiae, aeine?aeaeaii oaiaeaioe?? e iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo ?aeae
aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee ?aa?iio icia/aii? aeiae. C?iaeaii aeniiaee i?i
iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoaiiy aeina?aeo oa i?ia?aeieo ?aeae aoiaiii?
iaaeaaia?ee Cao?aeii? Oe?a?ie e?ioey O?O – ii/aoeo OO no. a i?ioean?
?aoi?ioaaiiy no/anii? aeui? iaaeaaia?/ii? oeiee.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: ?aeay, ?aea? aoiaiii? iaaeaaia?ee, ia?iaei?noue,
i?e?iaeia?aeiia?aei?noue, eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aei?noue, a?eueia aeoiaaiiy
iniaenoino?, ii?aeueii-i?aaiaa a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue iaaeaaiaa.

Aaeiae/ N.I. ?acaeoea eaeae aoiaiiie iaaeaaiaeee a Caiaaeiie Oe?aeia
(eiiaoe O?O – ia/aei OO a.). – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/?iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.01 – oai?ey e enoi?ey iaaeaaiaeee. –
Einoeooo iaaeaaiaeee e ineoieiaee i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey AII
Oe?aeiu, Eeaa, 1998.

Caueuaaony ?oeiienue, eioi?ay niaea?aeeo enneaaeiaaiea noaiiaeaiey e
?acaeoey eaeae aoiaiiie iaaeaaiaeee Caiaaeiie Oe?aeiu eiioea O?O –
ia/aea OO a. A ?aaioa ii?aaeaeaii nouiinoue iiiyoee, eioi?ua
oaeoaeytho iiieiaiea niaea?aeaiey eaeae aoiaiiie iaaeaaiaeee, iieacaii
iniiaiua i?aaeiinueee, enneaaeiaaii oaiaeaioeee e iniaaiiinoe ?acaeoey
eaeae aoiaiiie iaaeaaiaeee ?aaeiia aeaiiiai ia?eiaea. Naeaeaiu auaiaeu i
aiciiaeiinoe eniieueciaaiey iiuoa e iniiaiuo eaeae aoiaiiie iaaeaaiaeee
Caiaaeiie Oe?aeiu eiioea O?O – ia/aea OO a. a i?ioeanna ?aoi?ie?iaaiey
nia?aiaiiie aunoae iaaeaaiae/aneie oeieu.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: eaeay, eaeae aoiaiiie iaaeaaiaeee, ia?iaeiinoue,
i?e?iaeiniioaaonoaea, eoeueoo?iniioaaonoaea, naiaiaeiia ainieoaiea
ee/iinoe, i?aanoaaiii-i?aaiaay ioaaonoaaiiinoue iaaeaaiaa.

Vdovych S.M. The Development of humane pedagogics ideas in Western
Ukraine (at the end of the XIXth – the beginning of the XXth centuries).
– Manuscript.

Thesis for a candidate’s degree in pedagogical sciences, speciality
13.00.01 – Theory and History of Pedagogics. – Institute of Pedagogics
and Psychology of Professional Education of Academy of Pedagogical
sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 1998.

Thesis – manuscript on researching the formation and the development of
humane pedagogics ideas in Western Ukraine at the end of the XIXth – the
beginning of the XXth centuries is defended. The essence of the concepts
which made the understanding of the contents of humane pedagogics ideas
deeper is determined; the main premises are explained, the tendencies
and peculiarities of the humane pedagogics ideas development of the
mentioned region and of the certain period of time are investigated. The
conclusions concerning the possibilities of using the experience and the
main human pedagogics ideas of Western Ukraine at the end of the XIXth –
the beginning of the XXth centuries in the process of modern higher
pedagogical school reforming are made.

Key words: idea, humane pedagogics ideas, national character, nature
conformity, culture conformity, free education of a personality,
teachers moral and rightful responsibility.

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