OA?NIINUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE AA?A?IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
OAIAEUe AIAe??E AANEEUeIAE*
OAeE 633.854.78:631.67.5
?IC?IAEA AEAIAIO?A OAOIIEIA?? AE?IUOAAIIss
A?A?EAe?A NIIssOIEEA ??CIEO A?OI NOEAEINO?
A INIIAIEO IIN?AAO I?E C?IOAII?
06. 01. 02 – Iae?i?aoe?y ? c?iooaaia caiea?ianoai
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe
Oa?nii –1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?niinueeiio aea?aeaaiiio aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao?
I?i?noa?noai AIE Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?,
Caneoaeaiee i?aoe?aiee aeui? oeiee Oe?a?ie,
aeaaeai?e AI Aeui? Oeiee Oe?a?ie,
aeaaeai?e aeaaeai?? aa?a?ieo iaoe Oe?a?ie
Ooea?aiei A?eoi? Ieaenaiae?iae/,
Oa?niinueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao,
?aeoi?, caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?e caiea?ianoaa,
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?,
aeaaeai?e OAAI, Oe?oaeue ?iiai ?aaiiae/, Ieeiea?anueea aea?aeaaia n.-a.
aeine?aeia noaioe?y OAAI, caa?aeoth/ee a?aeae?eii oaoi?/ieo eoeueoo?
eaiaeeaeao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, Caa??tho?i Aieiaeeie?
?aaiiae/, caa?aeoth/ee a?aeae?eii ca?iiaeo oa oaoi?/ieo eoeueoo?
?inoeoooo c?iooaaiiai caiea?ianoaa OAAI
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa Ieeiea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeee
?inoeooo, eaoaae?a caiea?ianoaa, i. Ieeiea?a
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “30”a?oaeiy 1998 ?.
I 9 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 47.830.01 a
Oa?niinueeiio aea?aeaaiiio aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao? (325006, i. Oa?nii-6,
aoe. ?. Ethenaiao?a 23, OAeAO, aoaeeoi??y 92)
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeeeai iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?niinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 325006, i. Oa?nii-6,
aoe. ?. Ethenaiao?a, 23
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “1” a?oaeiy 1998 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii?
a/aii? ?aaee
EACA? I.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Niiyoiee – oe?iia oa?/iaa eoeueoo?a. Niaeo? ??
aeei?enoaiiy aeoaea aaeeeee. A?aei?ii? niaeia? yeino? niiyoieeiai? ie??
aeicaieythoue aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?? i?e aeaioiaeaii? eiina?a?a, ia?aa?ei?a,
eiiaeeoa?nueeeo ? oe?aieo ae?ia?a oa aaciina?aaeiuei a ?aeo. Ia?iaeia oa
iaoeiaa iaaeeoeeia aeciaea ca oe??th eoeueoo?ith aaaeeeao ?ieue o
i?io?eaeoeoe? na?oeaai-noaeeiieo caoai?thaaiue. Iecueeiye?ni? ni?oe ie??
aeei?enoiaothoueny a oaoi?/ieo oe?eyo – o ae?iaieoeoa? eae?a, oa?a,
ieanoian, o ieeiaa?i?e i?iieneiaino?. Niiyoiee oaeiae aeia?a
neeino?oueny ye o /enoiio aeaeyae?, oae ? a noi?o?, iai?eeeaae, c
eoeo?oaecith. I?e eiai oea?o?ii? c 1 aa iin?ao aaeaeiee cae?athoue a?ae
20 aei 40 ea iaaeo.
O ca’yceo c i?iiaaoaaiiyi iaoee i?i ?aoe?iiaeueia oa?/oaaiiy, a na?o?
a?aeaoaa?oueny iinooiiaee ia?ao?ae ianaeaiiy ia aeei?enoaiiy aee??a
?ineeiiiai iioiaeaeaiiy oa a?aeiiaa a?ae oaa?eiieo. Ia iaio nooo?aith
i?e/eiith oaeeo ci?i ? ? oa, ui iio?aaa a caiaeueieo ?ano?nao, aeo?aoao
i?aoe? oa eioo?a ia ae?iaieoeoai ?ineeiii? ie?? i?eaeecii a 6-10 ?ac?a
iaioa, i?ae ia aea?aaeaioio e?euee?noue aa?oeiaiai ianea.
(Ae.Aa?i?oaeue, A.Ni??iiaa, 1996).
O nacii? 1997-1998 ?.?. aoa io?eiaiee ?aei?aeiee caaaeueiina?oiaee ca??
ian?iiy niiyoieea – 26 iei. oiii – c ieo 10% ae?iaeea Oe?a?ia
(N.Oaioeeia, O.A?aaeiaoe, 1997). Iacaaaeath/e ia na?oiaa aecia/aiiy
oni?o?a o i?aeoeoe?, iio?aaa Oe?a?ie a ?ineeii?e ie?? aeaeaei ia
iiai?noth a?aeiia?aea? iaiao?aeiei aeiiaai. Oae, ??aaiue niiaeeaaiiy
?ineeiieo aee??a ia aeooo ianaeaiiy, ca aeaieie OAI, a
aa?a?ii-?icaeiooeo e?a?iao neeaaea? 26 ea ia ??e, a a Oe?a?i? – 10 ea.
Na?aae ?ineeiieo aee??a, ui ae?iaeythoueny a Oe?a?i?, ia aeieth
niiyoieeiaiai i?eiaaea? a?eueo i?ae 90 %. Aieiaiith i?e/eiith
iaaeinoaoiueiai ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy ? iecueea a?iaeaei?noue: o
aino?iiinooeeaiio 1996 ?ioe? aiia noaiiaeea ii Oe?a?i? 10,5, a o
ni?eyoeeaiio 1997- eeoa 11,5 oe/aa (A. Ianei?iaeaiiee, 1998). Aeey
ii??aiyiiy – a 1986 – 1990 ?.?. a Oe?a?i? na?aaeiy a?iaeaei?noue
niiyoieea neeaaeaea 16,5 , a A?aaioei? – 14,0, a o O?aioe?? – 23,0 oe/aa
(Aoanueeee A.A., 1998). O ca’yceo c oeei aieiaiei caaaeaiiyi
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ae?iaiee?a ? i?aeaeuaiiy a?iaeaeiino?.
Ae??oaiiy oeueiai ieoaiiy iiaeeeaa ca ?aooiie ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiaeo
aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo a?a?eae?a oa no/anieo oaoiieia?e ?o ae?iuoaaiiy.
I?e ae??oaii? iinoaaeaiiai caaaeaiiy ia ne?ae caaoaaoe oaeiae i?i
ia?niaeoeae ae?iaieoeoaa. Ca ioe?ieaie caei?aeiiieo oa a?o/eciyieo
aenia?o?a, ia’?i ui??/iiai na?oiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa ?ineeiii? ie??
ca?eueoeoueny o 2010 ?ioe? c 44,8 aei 86,9 iei.o ( a?eueo, i?ae o 1,9
?ace). A oie aea /an ui??/iee ia’?i niiaeeaaiiy ca?eueoeoueny c 39,9 aei
80,6 iei.o (a?eueo, i?ae o 2 ?ace) (Eica?/oe A.,Naoeoeei TH.,1996).
Aeoiaey/e c aeuaiicia/aiiai ieoaiiy, c?inoaiiy ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy
niiyoieea aeey Oe?a?ie ? no?aoaa?/ii aaaeeeaei, a eiai ae??oaiiy –
iaeiei c ia?oi?yaeieo.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaith oaiaoeeith. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa
aeeiioaaeanue a?aeiia?aeii oaiaoe/iiai ieaio iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o
Oa?niinueeiai aea?aeaaiiai aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca?aeii c oaiith:
“?ic?iaeoe aeieia?/i? iiaeae? ? ai?iaaaeeoe o ae?iaieoeoai oaoiieia??
ae?iuoaaiiy ie?eieo eoeueoo? a iniiaieo ? i?ii?aeieo iin?aao ia
c?iooaaieo caieyo i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie” (iiia? aea?aeaaii? ?a?no?aoe??
0196U015904).
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue. ?ic?iaeoe aeaiaioe oaoiieia??
ae?iuoaaiiy a?a?eae?a niiyoieea ??cieo a?oi noeaeino?, aeeth/ath/e
nenoaio ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, iioeiaeueiee ??aaiue i?ia?aeueiiai aeeaeaiiy,
no?iee n?aae oa aonoioo noiyiiy ?ineei.
A?aeiia?aeii aei iinoaaeaii? iaoe aoee aecia/ai? oae? caaaeaiiy:
– onoaiiaeoe aieea ??cieo i?eeii?a ia?ia?oeo a?oioo – iieeoeaaiai oa
aaciieeoeaaiai ia eiai aeanoeaino?, ??no oa ?icaeoie ?ineei niiyoieea,
o?iaeaei?noue oa ye?noue ian?iiy;
– aecia/eoe ?aaeoe?th ?ineei niiyoieea ia ??aaiue i?ia?aeueiiai
aeeaeaiiy ? anoaiiaeoe iioeiaeueio aeico canoinoaaiiy i?ia?aeueieo
aeia?ea i?e niieo/aii? c ??cieie i?eeiiaie ia?iaee a?oioo;
– aeyaeoe ?aaeoe?th a?a?eae?a niiyoieea, ye? aea/athoueny, ia no?iee
n?aae;
– aecia/eoe iioeiaeueio aonoioo noiyiiy a?a?eae?a niiyoieea ??cieo
a?oi noeaeino?;
– aeaanoe iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue o?iaeath ian?iiy niiyoieea aeey
eiaeiiai a?a?eaea, ui aea/athoueny;
– ?ic?aooaaoe aeiiii?/io oa a?iaia?aaoe/io aoaeoeai?noue ae?iuoaaiiy
a?a?eae?a niiyoieea;
– ia iniia? anaa?/iiai aiae?co ?aeiiaiaeoaaoe oiaa?iae?iaieeai
niiyoieea aa?ioaoi?/iee eiiieaen, yeee caaacia/eoue io?eiaiiy i?e
c?ioaii? ia i?aaei? Oe?a?ie iaea?eueoiai /enoiai i?eaooeo i?e
iioeiaeueiiio aia?aaoe/iiio aaeain?.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. C o?aooaaiiyi iniaeeainoae
oi?ioaaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino? niiyoieea ??cieo a?oi noeaeino? aeaii
oai?aoe/ia oa i?aeoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy iaeneiaeueii? i?iaeoeoeaiino?
iaeiiai c?iooaaiiai aaeoa?a. Iaa?oioiaaia aoaeoeai?noue ae?iuoaaiiy
na?aaeiuei- oa i?ciueinoeaeeo a?a?eae?a eoeueoo?e a c?iooaaieo oiiaao
aeaii? ciie, a oaeiae iinoaaeaia caaaeaiiy iiaeaeueoi? ioe?iee
?aiiueinoeaeeo a?a?eae?a niiyoieea ye iiia?aaeieea iceieo ca?iiaeo
eoeueoo?.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe. Oaoiieia?/ii aeiaaaeaii oa i?aeoe/ii
i?aeoaa?aeaeaii, ui ae?iuoaaiiy i?ciueinoeaeiai a?a?eaea niiyoieea
Oi?oeoey i?e c?ioai? aea? iiaeeea?noue io?eiaoe 17,4 – 18,4 oe/aa ie??
oa 6,5-6,9 oe/aa ne?iai i?ioa?io; aeey na?aaeiuei?aiiueiai oa
?aiiueinoeaeiai a?a?eae?a niiyoieea Iaeanueeee 123 ? Na?oi/ a?aeiia?aeii
14,0-15,4 oa 12,8-13,7 oe/aa ie??, a oaeiae 6,0-6,4 oa 5,4-5,6 oe/aa
ne?iai i?ioa?io. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy e?aueo aa?ioaoi?/ieo eiiieaen?a
caaacia/o? io?eiaiiy /enoiai i?eaooeo aeey ?aiiueinoeaeiai a?a?eaeo
Na?oi/ – 505 a?i/aa, aeey na?aaeiuei?aiiueiai a?a?eaeo Iaeanueeee
123-593 a?i/aa oa aeey na?aaeiueii?ciueiai a?a?eaeo Oi?oeoey – 721
a?i/aa.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. I?iaaaeaiiy iieueiaeo oa eaai?aoi?ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, aiae?c ? oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy io?eiaieo iaoeiaeo
?acoeueoao?a aeeiioaaeinue aeena?oaioii iniaenoi aai i?e eiai
aaciina?aaei?e o/ano?.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
aeiiia?aeaeeny ? aoee noaaeai? ia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo
Oa?niinueeiai n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ?inoeoooo a 1997 ? 1998 ?ieao.
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 5 iaoeiaeo ?ia?o.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa
neeaaea?oueny c oaeeo ?icae?e?a: anooi; iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e; oiiae ?
iaoiaeeea aeine?aeaeaiue; ?acoeueoaoe aeanieo aeine?aeaeaiue; aeniiaee ?
i?iiiceoe?? ae?iaieoeoao oa nienie aeei?enoaieo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae.
?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia 149 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, i?noeoue 50
oaaeeoeue o oaeno? ? 71 oaaeeoeth a aeiaeaoeao, 10 iaethie?a. Nienie
e?oa?aoo?e aeeth/a? 345 aeaea?aea, c ieo – 37 ?iicaiieo.
OIIAE ? IAOIAeEEA AeINE?AeAEAIUe
Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeee a ia??iae 1995-1997 ??. a ENI ?i. Aeeieo?iaa
AEiaoiaaiai ?aeiio Ieeiea?anueei? iaeano?, ia/enethaaeueiiio oeaio??
eaoaae?e aeui? iaoaiaoeee oa eaoaae?e caiea?ianoaa Oa?niinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo.
A on?o aeine?aeao aeio?eioaaeenue iaiao?aei? iaoiaee/i? oiiae, ui
aeicaieeee ia’?eoeaii i?iaiaeeoe ioe?ieo oaeoi??a, ye? aea/aeenue, oa
?o aca?iiae??.
Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiue – niiyoiee ?aiiueinoeaei? a?oie i?aaenoaaeaiee
a?a?eaeii Na?oi/ (?inoeooo ?ineeiieoeoaa, i. Oa?e?a); na?aaeiuei?aiiuei?
– a?a?eaeii Iaeanueeee 123 (Naeaeoe?eii-aaiaoe/iee ?inoeooo, i.
Iaeana) oa na?aaeiueii?ciuei? – a?a?eaeii Oi?oeoey (?inoeooo
iieueiaiaenoaa oa iai/?aieoeoaa, i. Iiae Naae, THaineaa?y).
A?oio aeine?aeii? ae?eyiee – /i?iicai i?aaeaiiee neaainieiioethaaoee
ieeoaaoi-aaaeeinoaeeieiaee ia ean?. Aeeaeia a?oioiaiai i?io?eth aei 60
ni, aoioniaiai ai?eciioo 27-30 ni. Ai?no aoiono 3,7-4,1 %, iaeneiaeueia
e?euee?noue yeiai cina?aaeaeaia o aa?oiueiio aoioniaiio ai?eciio?. Aeey
a?oioo oa?aeoa?i? iciaee nieiioethaaoino?. ?aaeoe?y a?oioiaiai ?ic/eio
ciaoiaeeoueny a iaaeao 6,8-7,1.Iaeiaioa aieiai?ie?noue – 26 % a?ae iane
nooiai a?oioo.
A?oio iaaeinoaoiuei iane/aiee eaeueoe??i, aaeia? caiane iiaeeaieo
?a/iaei a i?iiio oa??: acioo – 0,22 %, oinoi?o – 0,15, eae?th – 2,5 %.
Ee?iao o ?aeii? i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?ae?a. Oa?eoi??y i?aaeaiiiai Noaio
Oe?a?ie iaeaaeeoue aei ciie iaaeinoaoiueiai caieiaeaiiy; ee?iao
iinooeeaee, c /anoeie nooia?yie, aaeeeeie oaieiaeie ?ano?naie; noia
aoaeoeaieo oaiia?aoo? aeua 100N neeaaea? 3200-34000N; iacia/iith
e?euee?noth iiaae?a ? ?o ia??aiii??iei ?iciiae?eii ca aaaaoaoe?eiee
ia??iae. O na?aaeiueiio ca ??e aeiaaea? 410 ii iiaae?a, a ca ia??iae c
oaiia?aoo?ith iia?o?y aeuith 100N-220 ii. A?ae?ioa?i?/iee eiao?oe??io
neeaaea? 0,7-0,8. Oea iaoiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue oe?ieiai canoinoaaiiy a
oe?e cii? c?ioaiiy. O?eaae?noue aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo eieeaa?oueny
a?ae 215 aei 230, a aacii?iciiai – aeecueei 200 aei?a.
Ee?iaoe/i? oiiae ca ?iee i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?ae?a aoee ??cieie: ni?eyoeea?
iiaiaei? oiiae aeey ?inoo, ?icaeoeo ? oi?ioaaiiy o?iaeath ian?iiy
niiyoieea neeaaeaeeny o 1995 ? 1997 ?ieao, iani?eyoeea? – a 1996 ?ioe?.
Oea iicia/eeiny ia ??ai? i?iaeoeoeaiino? iin?a?a eoeueoo? o aeeiiaieo
iieueiaeo aeine?aeao.
Iniiaiee iaoiae aeine?aeaeaiue – iieueiaee i,yoeoaeoi?iee aeine?ae,
caeeaaeaiee iaoiaeii /anoeiai? ?aiaeii?caoe?? , o a?aeiia?aeiino? c
iaoiaeeeith iieueiaeo aeine?ae?a ii aea/aiith aa?ioaoi?/ieo i?eeii?a
ae?iuoaaiiy n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo? (Ai?yinueeee I.I.,1970;
Aeiniaoia A.I., 1985).
O noaio aeine?aeo aoee aianai? ne?aeoth/? oaeoi?e oa ?o aa??aioe:
– oaeoi? A – oii aeeaeaiiy: aac aeia?ea, N30P45, N60P90 oa N90P135;
– oaeoi? A – nenoaia iniiaiiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo iieeoeaaee ia?ia?oie
a?oioo ieoaii IEI-4-35 ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni; aaciieeoeaaee ia?ia?oie
aeeaiei?icioooaa/ai EIA-250 ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni;
– oaeoi? N – no?ie n?aae: ia?oee no?ie – o?aoy aeaeaaea ea?oiy;
ae?oaee no?ie – ia?oa aeaeaaea o?aaiy; o?ao?e – ae?oaa aeaeaaea o?aaiy;
– oaeoi? Ae – caaouaiiy ?ineei niiyoieea: 40,60,80 oeny/ ia iaeei
aaeoa?;
– oaeoi? A – a?a?eaee: Na?oi/, Iaeanueeee 123, Oi?oeoey.
Iiaoi?i?noue aeine?ae?a /ioe?e?aciaa. Iin?aia ieiua ae?eyiee i’yoiai
ii?yaeeo – 105 i2, a iae?eiaa – 52 i2. Ia?iaeo ?acoeueoao?a o?iaeath
i?iaiaeeee iaoiaeii aeenia?n?eiiai aiae?co a?aeiia?aeii iaoiaee/ieo
aeac?aie A.I. Ooea?aiea oa ?ioeo (1998). I?iaaaeaiiy aeine?ae?a
noi?iaiaeaeoaaeiny oaiieia?/ieie niinoa?aaeaiiyie ca ?ineeiaie,
iaiao?aeieie a?iiao?e/ieie aei??aie, a oaeiae aiae?caie a?oioo oa
?ineeiieo c?ace?a.
Aa?ioaoi?ea niiyoieea a iieueiaeo aeine?aeao aeeiioaaeanue ca?aeii c
oaeoi?aie, ye? aea/aeenue.
Niiyoiee o aeine?aeao ?ici?uoaaee i?ney ceaei-aiaiai? noi?oee ia caeaiee
ei?i, yea aen?aaeany i?neyaeieaii ii icei?e ioaieoe?. Ne?aeii ca
cae?aiiyi iiia?aaeieea aiineee i?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa n?aaeeith – NC –
3,6, ca?aeii noaie aeine?aeo, iio?i i?iaiaeeee eouaiiy a?oioo
eoueeueieeii EAeA-10. Ane?ae ca oeei aeeiioaaee iniiaiee ia?ia?oie
a?oioo ca?aeii noaie aeine?aeo.
Aaniith, i?e ianoaii? o?ce/ii? noeaeino? a?oioo, o aa??aioao c
iieeoeaaith nenoaiith ia?ia?oeo a?oioo i?iaiaeeee ai?iioaaiiy coaiaeie
ai?iiaie ACNN-1,0, o aa??aioao c aaciieeoeaaei ia?ia?oeii a?oioo –
aie/aoeie ai?iiaie A?A-3. Ia?aaeiin?aio eoeueoeaaoe?th cae?enithaaee
eoeueoeaaoi?ii EIN-4 ia aeeaeio 4-5 ni, i?e/iio i?ae ia?oee no?ie n?ao
aiia aoea iaeia, i?ae ae?oaee – aea? ? i?ae o?ao?e – o?e eoeueoeaaoe??.
I?ney n?aae, i?iaaaeaii? n?aaeeith NI*-6I, ae?eyiea iaia’yceiai
i?eei/oaaeanue. *a?ac 4-5 aei?a i?ney n?aae i?iaiaeeeiny aeinoiaeiaa
ai?iioaaiiy na?aaei?ie coaiaeie ai?iiaie. Ii noiaeao aeeiioaaeanue ?o/ia
?iniaeoe?y aeey caaacia/aiiy caieaiiaaieo o aeine?ae? aonoio. I?ae /an
aeiaeyaeo ca iin?aaie a?oio a i?ae?yaeaeyo ia?iaeyee eoeueoeaaoi?ii
E?I-4,2 ia aeeaeio 6-8 ni. Aaaaoaoe?ei? iieeae i?iaiaeeee i?e ciaioai?
aieiaino? a aeoeaiiio oa?? a?oioo aei 70 % (aei oace ooai?aiiy eioeea),
aei 80 % (ooai?aiiy eioeea – iaeea ian?iiy) ? ciiao 70 % IA ( iaeea –
aeic??aaiiy). Iieeae aeeiioaaeenue aeiuoaaeueiith iaoeiith “Eoaaiue I” .
?ACOEUeOAOE AeINE?AeAEAIUe
Aieea aa?ioaoi?/ieo i?eeii?a ae?iuoaaiiy niiyoieea ??cieo a?oi
noeaeino? ia aeanoeaino? a?oioo, i?iaeoeoeai?noue ?ineei ? aoaeoeai?noue
aeei?enoaiiy aiaee, oaiea oa aeia?ea.
O ia??iae noiae?a niiyoieea u?euei?noue 0-30 ni oa?o a?oioo ia
ia?aaeuoaaea 1,20 – 1,25 a/ni3, aea i?e oeueiio aoee aeyaeai? aeaye?
a?aeoeeaiiy o aa??aioao aeine?aeo. A?eueo iooeee noai i?iiai oa?o
a?oioo caaacia/o? iieeoeaaee ia?ia?oie ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni
(u?euei?noue 1,17-1,20 a/ni3). O aa??aioao c aaciieeoeaaei ia?ia?oeii ia
oo ae naio aeeaeio a?oio aoa u?euei?oee ia 0,05 a/ni3. Nenoaia
ia?aaeiin?aii? i?aeaioiaee a?oioo oaeiae nooo?ai aieeaaea ia oeae
iieaciee. Iaea?eueo u?eueiei, iacaeaaeii a?ae i?eeii?a ia?ia?oeo, a?i
aoa i?e ia?oiio no?ioe? n?aae, a i?e ae?oaiio ? o?aoueiio, iaaiaee,
a?eueo iooeee. Ii??aiyii c ia?oei no?ieii oeae iieaciee i?e
ae?oaiio oa o?aoueiio aoa iaioei ia 0,01-0,03 a/ni3. Oea coiiaeaii
e?euee?noth ia?aaeiin?aieo eoeueoeaaoe?e i?ae eiaeiee no?ie n?aae. Ia
e?iaoeue aaaaoaoe?? niiyoieea a oa?? a?oioo 0-30 ni a aa??aioao
iieeoeaaiai ia?ia?oeo u?euei?noue neeaea 1,26 – 1,28 a/ni3, a o
aa??aioao ?c aaciieeoeaaei ia?ia?oeii ia 0,01 – 0,02 a/ni3 a?eueoa.
Iaea?eueo iooeee aoa oa? a?oioo 0-10 ni. Eiai u?euei?noue o aa??aioao ?c
i?aieith neeaaeaea 1,16-1,23 ? 1,19-1,25 a/ni3 o aa??aioao c
ieinei??ciei ia?ia?oeii. Iaea?eueo iooeee noai 0-30 ni i?iiai oa?o
a?oioo iacaeaaeii a?ae eiai ia?ia?oeo iaee aa??aioe o?aoueiai no?ieo
n?aae eoeueoo?e (1,26-1,27 a/ni3). O aa??aioao ia?oiai ? ae?oaiai
no?ie?a n?aae a?oio aoa u?euei?oei ia 0,01 – 0,03 a/ni3.
Ia iniia? iaea?aeaiiy iieaciee?a u?eueiino? a?oioo oa eiai ieoiii? aaae
?ic?aoiaaia ii?eno?noue ia?iaethaaeueieo oa??a. Anoaiiaeaii, ui a
ia??iae noiae?a niiyoieea ii?eno?noue 0-30 ni oa?o aoea aeniea ?
neeaaeaea ca aa??aioaie aeine?aeo 51,9 – 55,0 %. A ia??iae aaaaoaoe??
eoeueoo?e ? ia?aae cae?aiiyi o?iaeath a ca’yceo ?c ou?eueiaiiyi a?oioo
iieacieee ?? ii?enoino? cieaeoaaeenue: o oa?? 0-30 ni aiie aoee ia ??ai?
50,0-51,5 %. Iaea?eueo iioeiaeuei? iieacieee ii?enoino? ye aeey i?aiee,
oae ? aeey ieinei??ciiai ia?ia?oeo aoee io?eiai? i?e inoaiiueiio no?ioe?
n?aae. I?eeiie ia?ia?oeo a?oioo ii-??ciiio aieeaaee ia e?euee?noue oa
oaeaee?noue aae?aiiy aiaee. Oae, o ia??iae noiae?a niiyoieea o aa??aioao
i?aiee aiaee oa?a?aeiny, a caeaaeiino? a?ae no?ie?a n?aae, ia 12,0-14,1
%, a ia?aae cae?aiiyi o?iaeath – ia 19,0-22,8 % a?eueoa, i?ae i?e
ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo a?oioo. Iaeneiaeuei? cia/aiiy aiaeii?iieeiino?
a?oioo aoee io?eiai? i?e o?aoueiio no?ioe? n?aae. Oae, i?e ia?oiio
no?ioe? n?aae ca ia?oo aiaeeio aecia/aiiy aniieoaeinue aiaee ia 57-108,a
i?e ae?oaiio – ia 21-52 i3/aa iaioa, i?ae i?e o?aoueiio no?ioe?. Oaeei
/eiii, nenoaie iniiaiiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, ye? aea/aeeny a iieueiaiio
aeine?ae?, caaacia/othoue ni?eyoeea? aiaeii-o?ce/i? aeanoeaino? a?oioo,
iaaeeaeath/e ?o iieacieee.
I?e niinoa?aaeaii? ca e?i?eiei ?inoii ?ineei niiyoieea a ??ci? oace
?icaeoeo anoaiiaeaii, ui iaeiaioa aenioa ?ineei aoea a oaco 2-3 ia?e
eenoe?a, aei oace oea?o?iiy aiia ca?eueooaaeanue ? aeinyaaea naiai
iaeneioio i?e aeic??aaii?. O aa??aioao ?c i?aieith oeae iieaciee
a na?aaeiueiio ii aeine?aeo o oac? aeic??aaiiy a?a?eae?a Na?oi/,
Iaeanueeee 123 oa Oi?oeoey aoa a?eueoei, a?aeiia?aeii ia 4; 7 oa 8 ni, o
ii??aiyii? c ieinei??ciei ia?ia?oeii a?oioo. Aianaiiy i?ia?aeueieo
aeia?ea ia oii? ??cieo ia?ia?oe?a a?oioo ni?ey? ca?eueoaiith aenioe
?ineei ia 15-31 ni o a?a?eaea Na?oi/, ia 12-38 ni o a?a?eaea Iaeanueeee
123, ? ia 15-29 ni o a?a?eaea Oi?oeoey a ii??aiyii? c iaoaeia?aieie
aa??aioaie. Cai?ciaiiy c n?aaith ni?ey? ciaioaiith aenioe ?ineei.
Iacaeaaeii a?ae ??aiy i?ia?aeueiiai aeeaeaiiy aenioa ?ineei on?o
a?a?eae?a ?c caaouaiiyi 80 oen./aa aoea a?eueoith ia 4-5 ni, i?ae i?e
aonoio? 40 oen./aa. Nooo?aith aoea ??cieoey a aenio? ?ineei ? i?ae
??cieie a?a?eaeaie. Iaeiaioa – 134-165 ni aoea o a?a?eaea Na?oi/, ia
14-21 ? 33-35 ni aiia aoea a?eueoith o a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123 oa
Oi?oeoey.
Aaee/eio a?iaeath niiyoieea a cia/i?e i??? aecia/a? ?ici?? eenoiaiai
aia?aoo ?ineei. Aianaiiy aeia?ea o aeicao N30P45,N60P90 ? N90P135 ni?ey?
ca?eueoaiith ieiu? eenoy o ?ineei a?a?eaea Na?oi/ ia 3,3; 8,4 oa 9,1
oen. i2/aa, o a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123 oa Oi?oeoey, a?aeiia?aeii ia 3,7;
9,1; 9,8 ? 12,6; 18,3 ? 23,2 i2/aa. A aeicao i?ia?aeueiiai aeeaeaiiy,
iinoaaeaieo ia aea/aiiy, ia aeyaeaii aa??aio caaeao. Iaaaoeaia ae?y
ieinei??cii? ia?iaee ia ieiuo eenoy ?ineei i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny aeey an?o
a?a?eae?a eoeueoo?e. Ia 0,4-2,9 oen.i2/aa (a?a?eae Na?oi/), ia 0,5-1,9
oen.i2/aa ( a?a?eae Iaeanueeee 123) ? ia 1,1-2,8 oen.i2/aa ( a?a?eae
Oi?oeoey) ieiua eenoy aoea iaioith i?e ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo, i?ae i?e
i?aioe?. Ci?uaiiy no?ie?a n?aae aeey a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey
ia iaeio aeaeaaeo ( ae?oaee no?ie n?aae) ni?ey? ciaioaiith ieiu? eenoy
ia 0,4-1,2 ? 2,8-3,8 oen.i2/aa , a i?e cai?ciaii? ia aea? aeaeaaee (
o?ao?e no?ie n?aae) oea cieaeaiiy neeaaea? ua a?eueoo aaee/eio: ia
2,3-2,9 ? 5,7-8,6 oen.i2/aa. ?ici??e eenoiai? iiaa?oi? a?a?eaeo Na?oi/
i?aeoe/ii ia ?aaaothoue ia no?iee n?aae. Iaea?eueoa ieiua eenoiai?
iiaa?oi? o an?o a?a?eae?a, ui aea/athoueny, aoea io?eiaia i?e caaouaii?
?ineei aei 80 oen./aa ? aianaii? aeia?ea a iaeneiaeuei?e aeic? N90P135:
28,9 oen.i2/aa a a?a?eaeo Na?oi/; 34,3 oen.i2/aa a a?a?eaeo Iaeanueeee
123 oa 54,9 oen.i2/aa a a?a?eaeo Oi?oeoey.
Aaee/eia oioineioaoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo iin?a?a niiyoieea aeicaiey?
a?eueo iiaii, i?ae ieiua eenoy, oa?aeoa?ecoaaoe ni?iiiaei?noue iin?a?a
neioacoaaoe a?iiano. Iaea?eueoa aaee/eia oeueiai iioaioe?aeo aeey
a?a?eae?a, ye? aea/aeeny, aoea o aa??aioao ia?oiai no?ieo n?aae, oiio
aeeaeaiiy N90P135 , i?aioe?, caaouaii? 80 oen. ?ineei/aa. Iaea?eueoee
oioineioaoe/iee iioaioe?ae ca aanue ia??iae aaaaoaoe?? niinoa??aaany o
?ineei a?a?eaeo Oi?oeoey, ia 64,7 ? 216 % a?i aoa iaioee a a?a?eae?a
Iaeanueeee 123 oa Na?oi/.
Ca ?acoeueoaoaie iae?eo iaaecaiii? iane o oaco aeic??aaiiy niiyoieea
anoaiiaeaii, ui iaeiaioo e?euee?noue nooi? ?a/iaeie io?eiaee i?e
canoinoaaii? ieinei??ciiai ia?ia?oeo – 31,6-54,2 oe/aa a a?a?eaeo
Na?oi/, 43,6-78,7 oe/aa a a?a?eaeo Iaeanueeee 123 ? 64,2-136 oe/aa a
a?a?eaeo Oi?oeoey, ui ia 15,2 – 23,2 % a na?aaeiueiio ii aeine?aeo
iaioa, a ii??aiyii? c i?aieith. Aeia?eaa oaeiae ci?iththoue e?euee?noue
neioaciaaii? nooi? ?a/iaeie ?ineei, i?e/iio iaeneiaeuei? aaee/eie
oeueiai iieacieea aoee io?eiai? i?e aianaii? N90P135: 66,8; 89,8 oa 156
oe/aa, a?aeiia?aeii o a?a?eae?a Na?oi/, Iaeanueeee 123 oa Oi?oeoey.
Cai?ciaiiy c n?aaith ia aea? aeaeaaee a?aeiinii ia?oiai no?ieo n?aae
i?eaiaeeei aei nooo?aiai cieaeaiiy a?iaeaeiino? nooi? ?a/iaeie: a
na?aaeiueiio ii aeine?aeo ia 30,9 %. Oaeiae anoaiiaeaii, ui caaouaiiy
?ineei on?o a?a?eae?a ?c 40 aei 80 oen./aa ca?eueoo? aaee/eio oeueiai
iieacieea, i?e/iio caaouaiiy iin?a?a ?c 40 aei 60 oen./aa ca?eueooaaei
iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy nooi? ?a/iaeie ia 16,3 % (a na?aaeiueiio ii aeine?aeo),
a i?e caaouaii? c 60 aei 80 oen./aa o?eueee ia 4,2 %.
*enoa i?iaeoeoeai?noue oioineioaco, ye iieaciee ye?nii? ?iaioe eenoiaiai
aia?aoo ?ineei, oaeiae nooo?ai ci?ith?oueny i?ae aieeaii aea/a?ieo
oaeoi??a. Canoinoaaiiy aeia?ea o aeic? N90P135 ni?ey? eiai ca?eueoaiith
a on?o a?a?eae?a ia 25 % o ii??aiyii? c eiio?ieai, i?e oeueiio a oaco
oea?o?iiy iaeneiaeueio aaee/eio ca aeiao oi?ioaaee ?ineeie a?a?eaeo
Oi?oeoey – 11,0 a/i2, o?ioe iaio? iieacieee – o a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123
– 10,5 oa Na?oi/ – 10,0 a/i2. No?iee n?aae ii-??ciiio aieeaaee ia
a?ineioaoe/io i?iaeoeoeai?noue. O a?a?eae?a Na?oi/ oa Iaeanueeee 123
ci?uaiiy no?ie?a n?aae ia a?eueo i?ci? aeeeeea? ca?eueoaiiy
i?iaeoeoeaiino? oioineioaco, a?aeiia?aeii ia 15,0-17,7 oa 9,5-23,8 %, a
o a?a?eaea Oi?oeoey, iaaiaee, aeeeeea? ciaioaiiy ia 37,3-46,7
%.Iaeiaioa oioineioaoe/ia i?iaeoeoeai?noue a on?o a?a?eaeao, ui
aea/athoueny, niinoa??aaeanue o aa??aioao ieinei??ciiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo
.Oea iiynith?oueny a?eueoith caao?’yiai?noth iin?a?a. Iaeneiaeuei?
iieacieee a?ineioaoe/ii? i?iaeoeoeaiino? ?ineei oeeo a?a?eae?a aoee
io?eiai? i?e aonoio? 60 oen./aa: 8,0-10,0 a/i2 ca aeiao ( a?a?eae
Na?oi/), 8,4-10,5 (a?a?eae Iaeanueeee 123) oa 8,8-11,0 a/i2 ca aeiao
(a?a?eae Oi?oeoey). Iiaeaeueoa caaouaiiy aei 80 oen./aa ia ni?e/eiyei
ca?eueoaiiy, a a a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a, iaaiaee, ciaiooaaei /enoo
i?iaeoeoeai?noue oioineioaco ?ineei.
Aieiaieie aeaiaioaie no?oeoo?e a?iaeath niiyoieea ? ae?aiao? eioeea,
iana 1000 ian?iei, eooieii?noue ( oaae. 1).
Aianaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ni?eyei ca?eueoaiith ae?aiao?a eioeea o
a?a?eaea Na?oi/ ia 2,2-4,5 ni, o a?a?eaea Iaeanueeee 123 – ia 4,0-5,0 ni
? o a?a?eaea Oi?oeoey – ia 3,9-9,2 ni a ii??aiyii? c iaoaeia?aieie
aa??aioaie. I?e cai?ciai? c iin?aii ia aea? aeaeaaee (iin?a o ae?oao
aeaeaaeo o?aaiy) ae?aiao? eioeea o a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123 oa Oi?oeoey
ciaiooaaany, a?aeiia?aeii, ia 1,7-2,7 oa 4,6-5,6 ni. A?a?eae Na?oi/
i?aeoe/ii ia ?aaaoaaa ia ci?iaiiy
Oaaeeoey 1- No?oeoo?i? aeaiaioe a?iaeath niiyoieea a caeaaeiino? a?ae
no?ie?a n?aae
Na?aaei? ca 1995-1997 ??.
Oii A?a?eaee oa no?iee n?aae
aeeaeai- Na?oi/ Iaeanueeee 123 Oi?oeoey
iy ia?oee ae?oaee o?ao?e Ia?oee ae?oaee o?ao?e ia?oee ae?oaee O?a-o?e
Ae?aiao? eioeea, ni.
Aac aeia?ea 18,2 18,5 18,0 19,2 19,0 16,5 20,4 18,9 14,8
N30P45 20,4 20,0 20,2 23,2 22,8 20,5 24,3 22,0 19,1
N60P90 22,5 22,3 22,6 24,0 23,5 22,1 26,7 24,7 21,7
N90P135 22,7 22,5 22,8 24,2 23,6 22,5 29,6 26,8 25,0
Iana 1000 ian?iei, a
Aac aeia?ea 58,4 58,5 58,5 60,1 59,5 57,2 62,3 60,4
56,2
N30P45 59,2 59,6 59,4 60,8 59,8 58,4 63,7 61,3 58,9
N60P90 59,8 60,0 60,1 61,2 60,7 59,1 64,5 63,2 60,4
N90P135 60,3 60,2 60,5 61,5 61,0 60,1 65,4 64,1 62,5
Eooieii?noue, %
Aac aeia?ea 24,6 25,1 24,9 23,2 23,5 24,7 25,8 26,9
28,3
N30P45 23,8 24,3 24,0 22,8 23,2 24,3 24,9 25,7 27,0
N60P90 23,0 23,2 23,5 22,4 22,9 23,8 24,2 25,0 26,3
N90P135 22,8 23,2 23,0 22,0 22,5 23,4 23,6 24,4 25,1
I?ei?oea. A oaaeeoe? iaaaaeai? aeai?, io?eiai? a oiiaao iieeoeaaiai
ia?ia?oeo a?oioo ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni, caaouaiiy ?ineei 60 oen./aa
no?ie?a n?aae. Cai?ia i?aiee ieinei??ciei ia?ia?oeii i?eaiaeeea aei
ciaioaiiy ae?aiao?a eioeea a na?aaeiueiio ii aeine?aeao ia 0,4-1,5 ni.
Iaea?eueoee ae?aiao? eioeea iathoue iin?ae an?o a?a?eae?a c aonoioith 40
oen./aa, ?c ca?eueoaiiyi caaouaiiy aei 60 oa 80 oen./aa ae?aiao? eioeea
ciaioo?oueny o a?a?eaea Na?oi/ ia 10,1-24,5 %, o a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee
123 ? Oi?oeoey, a?aeiia?aeii, ia 12,2-28,7 oa 38,2-44,0 %.
I?ae aieeaii ae?? oaeoi??a ci?ith?oueny oaeiae ? iana 1000 ian?iei.
Aeia?eaa ca?eueoothoue oeae iieaciee o a?a?eaea Na?oi/ ia 0,8-1,9 a a
ii??aiyii? c eiio?ieai. O a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey oea
ca?eueoaiiy neeaaea? 0,8-1,7 ? 1,4-3,1 a. Cai?ciaiiy c n?aaith
a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey aeeeeeaei ciaioaiiy iane 1000
ian?iei ia 1,4-2,9 oa 2,9-6,1 a. I?aeoe/ii ia ?aaaoaaa ia no?iee n?aae
?aiiueinoeaeee a?a?eae Na?oi/. Aeei?enoiaoaaiiy nenoaie i?aeaioiaee
a?oioo c aaciieeoeaaei ia?ia?oeii aeeeeea? cieaeaiiy aea/a?iiai
iieacieea a na?aaeiueiio ia 1,72 a, a ii??aiyii? c oaeeie ae , aea
cai?aieie ae?eyieaie. Caaouaiiy ?ineei a?a?eae?a c 40 aei 80 oen./aa
aeeeeea? ciaioaiiy iane 1000 ian?iei ia 3,2-5,5 a (a?a?eae Na?oi/), ia
4,7-6,5 a (a?a?eae Iaeanueeee 123) oa 8,0-8,1 a (a?a?eae Oi?oeoey).
O c?iooaaieo oiiaao i?aaeaiieo ?aeii?a Noaio Oe?a?ie aea/a?i? oaeoi?e
nooo?ai aieeaathoue ia a?iaeaei?noue niiyoieea (oaae. 2.)
E?auei ia?ia?oeii a?oioo i?ae on? aea/a?i? a?a?eaee ? iieeoeaaee ia
aeeaeio 25-27 ni. O caeaaeiino? a?ae caaouaiiy iin?a?a, oiio aeeaeaiiy ?
no?ie?a n?aae cieaeaiiy a?iaeaeiino? a?ae canoinoaaiiy ieinei??ciiai
ia?ia?oeo neeaaea? aeey a?a?eaeo Na?oi/-0,2-2,4 oe/aa, aeey a?ae?eae?a
Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey – 0,5-3,0 ? 1,1-2,3 oe/aa a?aeiia?aeii.
Iaea?eueo? ? aeinoia??i? i?eaaaee a?ae aianaiiy aeia?ea i?ae a?a?eaee
Na?oi/ ? Iaeanueeee 123 aoee io?eiai? i?e aianaii? N60P90 , a i?ae
a?a?eae Oi?oeoey – i?e N90P135. Iioeiaeueiei caaouaiiyi ?ineei on?o
o?ueio a?a?eae?a aeyaeeinue 60 oen/aa (aeeeth/aiiy-caaouaiiy a?a?eaeo
Na?oi/ aei 80 oen/aa i?e aeic? aianaiiy aeia?ea N90P135 ). No?iee n?aae,
ye oaeoi? oi?ioaaiiy a?iaeath, ci?iththoue o?iaeaei?noue a?a?eae?a
Oi?oeoey oa Iaeanueeee 123 ? i?aeoe/ii ia ci?iththoue ?? o a?a?eaea
Na?oi/. I?e n?aa? a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey o ia?oo aeaeaaeo
o?aaiy cieaeaiiy a?iaeaeiino?, a ii??aiyii? c eiio?ieai, neeaaea?
0,3-1,2 ? 3,2-5,6 oe/aa, a i?e n?aa? a ae?oa?e aeaeaae? o?aaiy oea
cieaeaiiy ua nooo?a?oa -2,8-4,8 ? 8,1-12,5 oe/aa a?aeiia?aeii.
Iaeneiaeueiee o?iaeae ian?iiy o a?a?eae?a Na?oi/, Iaeanueeee 123 ?
Oi?oeoey, a?aeiia?aeii, 35,2; 39,6 ? 47,7 oe/aa, aoa iaea?aeaiee i?e
ii?aeiaii? i?aiee ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni; iin?ao a?a?eae?a Oi?oeoey ?
Iaeanueeee 123 a o?aoth aeaeaaeo ea?oiy, a a?a?eaeo Na?oi/ o ae?oao
aeaeaaeo o?aaiy, caaouaiiyi 60 oen. ?ineei ia 1 aa, i?e aianaii?
i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ii?iith N60P90 – i?ae a?a?eaee Na?oi/ ? Iaeanueeee
123 oa N90P135 – i?ae a?a?eae Oi?oeoey.
Ai?no ie?? ? ne?iai i?ioa?io a ian?ii? niiyoieea ciaoiaeeany a
cai?ioiiio ca’yceo: i?e c?inoaii? ai?noo ie?? ciaioo?oueny ne?ee
i?ioa?i. No?iee n?aae ciaioothoue ai?no ie??: ia 4,8-5,0; 5,7-6,2 ?
5,3-6,0 % a?i aoa iaioee o a?a?eae?a Na?oi/, Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey
i?e cai?ciaii? c iin?aii ia aea? aeaeaaee. Ia?ia?oie a?oioo i?aeoe/ii ia
aieeaaa ia ye?ni? iieacieee ian?iiy. Aianaiiy aeia?ea a aeic? N90P135
ciaiooaaei ai?no ie?? ia 1,7-2,1 % (a?a?eae Na?oi/), 2,0-2,4 % (a?a?eae
Iaeanueeee 123) ? 2,5 % (a?a?eae Oi?oeoey) a ii??aiyii? c eiio?ieai.
Caaouaiiy ?ineei on?o a?a?eae?a c 40 aei 80 oen./aa i?eaiaeeei aei
ca?eueoaiiy ai?noo ie?? a na?aaeiueiio ia 1,7 %.
Oaaeeoey 2- O?iaeae ian?iiy niiyoieea a caeaaeiino? a?ae aea/a?ieo
oaeoi??a, oe/aa
Na?aaei? ca 1995-1997 ??.
Oii No?iee A?a?eaee oa caaouaiiy ?ineei, oen./aa
aeeaeaiiy n?aae Na?oi/ Iaeanueeee 123 Oi?oeoey
40 60 80 40 60 80 40 60 80
Iieeoeaaee ia?ia?oie ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni
Aac Ia?oee 27,1 27,9 27,6 30,2 31,2 30,1 33,6 35,5 30,3
aeia?ea Ae?oaee 26,5 27,8 27,4 29,7 30,7 29,6 29,7 30,7 25,6
O?ao?e 27,2 27,9 27,7 26,3 27,2 26,0 24,3 24,9 21,6
Ia?oee 31,5 33,7 33,6 35,3 37,6 35,5 38,9 41,0 32,8
N30P45 Ae?oaee 31,5 33,8 33,2 34,9 37,3 36,4 34,3 36,2 29,5
O?ao?e 31,9 33,4 32,8 32,2 33,9 32,7 29,6 30,6 24,6
Ia?oee 32,9 35,1 34,9 36,7 39,6 36,9 43,9 45,7 34,5
N60 P90 Ae?oaee 32,8 35,0 34,7 36,3 38,9 37,3 38,3 40,8 31,1
O?ao?e 33,0 35,2 34,8 33,3 34,8 33,6 31,4 33.2 25,2
Ia?oee 32,9 35,3 35,4 36,9 39,8 37,9 45,6 47,7 35,9
N90 P135 Ae?oaee 33,0 35,2 35,3 36,5 38,9 37,5 41,5 43,5
32,2
O?ao?e 33,1 35,2 35,4 33,5 35,0 34,1 33,4 35,3 25,9
Aaciieeoeaaee ia?ia?oie ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni
Aac Ia?oee 25,9 26,7 26,5 28,3 29,3 27,7 31,4 33,2 29,0
aeia?ea Ae?oaee 25,6 26,7 26,0 27,1 28,1 26,6 27,9 29,1 23,7
O?ao?e 25,7 26,7 26,1 24,7 26,0 23,7 22,9 23,8 20,4
Ia?oee 30,4 31,6 31,2 33,4 34,7 34,5 36,9 39,2 30,9
N30P45 Ae?oaee 30,5 31,6 30,9 32,8 34,2 33,8 32,7 34,2 27,7
O?ao?e 30,4 31,7 30,9 29,3 31,6 29,8 28,2 29,2 22,8
Ia?oee 32,5 34,3 33,8 35,7 37,7 36,1 42,1 43,7 33,1
N60 P90 Ae?oaee 32,6 34,0 33,8 35,1 37,1 35,5 36,6 39,5 29,4
O?ao?e 32,7 34,3 34,1 32,1 33,3 32,8 30,0 31,9 23,9
Ia?oee 32,7 34,5 34,9 36,4 37,9 36,8 44,3 45,9 34,0
N90 P135 Ae?oaee 32,7 34,3 34,8 35,4 37,3 36,4 40,1 41,9 30,0
O?ao?e 32,6 34,3 34,5 32,3 33,4 32,9 32,0 33,4 24,8
I?ei?oea: ia?oee no?ie n?aae – o?aoy aeaeaaea ea?oiy, ae?oaee – ia?oa
aeaeaaea o?aaiy, o?ao?e – ae?oaa aeaeaaea o?aaiy.
I??05 a ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue ci?ithaaeanue: aeey ia?ia?oeo a?oioo – a?ae
0,15 aei 0,27; aeey no?ie?a n?aae, caaouaiiy ?ineei oa a?a?eae?a a?ae
0,18 aei 0,34; aeey aeia?ea a?ae 0,21 aei 0,39; aeey noi?nii? oa
eiiieaenii? ae?? oaeoi??a a?ae 1,52 aei 2,85 oe/aa.
I?iaeoeoeai?noue aea/a?ieo a?a?eae?a niiyoieea, a ia?oo /a?ao, caeaaeaea
a?ae aeia?ea (oaae. 3).
Oaaeeoey 3 – I?iaeoeoeai?noue c?iooaaiiai aaeoa?a a caeaaeiino? a?ae
aea/a?ieo
oaeoi??a oa ae?iuoaaieo a?a?eae?a
Na?aaei? ca 1995 – 1997 ??.
Oii A?a?eaee oa ia?ia?oie a?oioo ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni
AEeaea- Na?oi/ Iaeanueeee 123 Oi?oeoey
iiy iieeoeaaee Aaciieeoeaaee Iieeoeaaee Aaciieeoeaaee Iieeoeaaee
Aaciieeoeaaee
Ca?? aee?o, oe
Aac aeia?ea 11,5 10,9 12,9 12,0 14,5 13,4
N30 P45 13,7 12,8 15,4 14,0 16,7 16,1
N60 P90 14,3 13,9 16,0 15,1 18,4 17,4
N90 P135 14,3 13,9 16,1 15,2 19,2 18,3
Ca?? ne?iai i?ioa?io, oe
Aac aeia?ea 4,1 3,9 4,7 4,4 5,0 4,6
N30 P45 5,0 4,8 5,9 5,4 6,0 5,6
N60 P90 5,6 5,4 6,4 6,0 6,9 6,5
N90 P135 5,8 5,6 6,7 6,3 7,5 7,2
I?ei?oea. A oaaeeoe? iaaaaeai? iieacieee, io?eiai? a oiiaao n?aae a
o?aoth aeaeaaeo ea?oiy, caaouaii? ?ineei – 60 oen./aa
Iaea?eueoee ca?? aee?o ? ne?iai i?ioa?io iaea?aeaii i?e aianaii? N60P90
i?ae a?a?eaee Na?oi/ ? Iaeanueeee 123; i?e aianaii? aeia?ea o aeic?
N90P135 niinoa??aa?oueny ianooo?aa c?inoaiiy iieaciee?a. O a?a?eaea
Oi?oeoey iaea?eueo? cai?e aee?o ? ne?iai i?ioa?io caaacia/eei aianaiiy
aeia?ea a aeic? N90P135. Cai?ia iieeoeaaiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo
aaciieeoeaaei ni?e/eiy? cieaeaiith i?iaeoeoeaiino? an?o a?a?eae?a a
na?aaeiueiio ia 0,6-1,0 oe/aa aee?o ? 0,2-0,4 oe/aa ne?iai i?ioa?io.
Cai?ciaiiy c iin?aii ia aea? aeaeaaee i?ecaiaeeei aei cieaeaiiy cai?o
aee?o a na?aaeiueiio ia 9,4 % o a?a?eaea Na?oi/; 28,2 ? 55,0 % o
a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey. I?e oeueiio cieaeoaaany ? ca??
ne?iai i?ioa?io. Iin?ae an?o a?a?eae?a ?c caaouaiiyi 60 oen. ?ineei ia 1
aa aeyaeeenue iaea?eueo i?iaeoeoeaieie. A?a?eae Oi?oeoey caaacia/ea
iaea?eueo? cai?e aee?o ? ne?iai i?ioa?io – 19,2 ? 7,5 oe/aa; a?a?eae
Iaeanueeee 123 ia 20,0 ? 17,2 % iaioa – 16,0 ? 6,4 oe/aa; a?a?eae Na?oi/
caaacia/ea iaeiaio? a aeine?ae? cai?e aee?o ? ne?iai i?ioa?io-14,3 ? 5,6
oe/aa.
Eiao?oe??io aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ci?ithaaany, a ia?oo /a?ao, i?ae aieeaii
aeia?ea (oaae.4).
Oaaeeoey 4- Eiao?oe??io aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy niiyoieea a caeaaeiino?
a?ae aeia?ea oa ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, i3/oe
Na?aaei? ca 1995-1997 ??.
Oii Ia?ia?oie A?a?eaee
aeeaeaiiy a?oioo ia aee- aeio 25-27 ni Na?oi/ Iaeanueeee 123
Oi?oeoey
Aac Iieeoeaaee 168 154 141
aeia?ea Aaciieeoeaaee 173 162 148
Iieeoeaaee 138 128 122
N30 P45 Aaciieeoeaaee 146 137 126
Iieeoeaaee 132 121 109
N60 P90 Aaciieeoeaaee 134 126 113
Iieeoeaaee 132 121 104
N90 P135 Aaciieeoeaaee 134 126 108
I?ei?oea. A oaaeeoe? iaaaaeai? aeai?, io?eiai? i?e ia?oiio no?ioe? n?aae
– o?aouei? aeaeaaee ea?oiy, caaouaiiy ?ineei 60 oen./aa.
Iaeiaioee aea/a?iee iieaciee aoa io?eiaiee i?e aianaii? N60P90 i?ae
a?a?eaee Na?oi/ ? Iaeanueeee 123 (132 ? 121 i3/oe) oa N90P135 i?ae
a?a?eae Oi?oeoey – 104 i3/oe. A?eueo ?aoe?iiaeueii aeei?enoiaoaaee
aieiao iin?ae an?o a?a?eae?a i?e ?ici?uaii? ?o ia iieeoeaaiio ia?ia?oeo
a?oioo. Caaouaiiy c 40 aei 60 oen./aa an?o a?a?eae?a i?ecaiaeeei aei
ciaioaiiy aea/a?iiai iieacieea, aea iiaeaeueoa caaouaiiy aei 80 oen./aa
a?a?eae?a Oi?oeoey ? Iaeanueeee 123 aeeeeeaei, iaaiaee, ca?eueoaiiy
eiao?oe??ioo aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy a na?aaeiueiio ia 35,2 ? 7,4 %. O a?a?eaea
Na?oi/ io?eiai? i?aeoe/ii ??ai? iieacieee eiao?oe??ioo. Cai?ciaiiy c
iin?aii ia aea? aeaeaaee a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey aeeeeeaei
ca?eueoaiiy aea/a?iiai iieacieea, a na?aaeiueiio, ia 4,1 ? 19,6 %. I?e
cai?ciaii? c iin?aii a?a?eaea Na?oi/, iaaiaee, niinoa??aaeiny cieaeaiiy
eiao?oe??ioo aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy – a na?aaeiueiio ia 10,8%.
Iaea?eueoee /enoee i?eaooie c 1 aa a?a?eae?a Na?oi/, Iaeanueeee 123 ?
Oi?oeoey, a?aeiia?aeii, 505, 593 ? 721 a?i., aoei io?eiaii i?e
i?iaaaeaii? i?aiee ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni., n?aa? a?a?eae?a Iaeanueeee 123
? Oi?oeoey o o?aoth aeaeaaeo ea?oiy, a a?a?eaeo Na?oi/ – o ae?oao
aeaeaaeo o?aaiy, aianaii? aeia?ea a aeic? N30P45 i?ae a?a?eaee Na?oi/ ?
Iaeanueeee 123 oa N60P90 i?ae a?a?eae Oi?oeoey, caaouaiiy ?ineei i?e
oeueiio neeaaeaei 60oen/aa (oaae.5). O aeuaiacaaieo aa??aioao aoee
io?eiai? i iaea?eueo? a aeine?ae? iieacieee aia?aaoe/iiai eiao?oe??ioo.
Oaaeeoey 5 – *enoee i?eaooie c 1 aa i?e ae?iuoaaii? niiyoieea
a caeaaeiino? a?ae aea/a?ieo oaeoi??a, a?i
Na?aaei? ca 1995-1997 ??.
A?a?eaee oa no?iee n?aae
Oii Na?oi/ Iaeanueeee 123 Oi?oeoey
AEeaeaiiy ia?- oee ae?o- aee o?a- o?e ia?- oee Ae?o- aee o?a- o?e
ia?- oee ae?o- aee o?a- o?e
I?aiea ia aeeaeio 25-27
ni
Aac aeia?ea 416 413 443 507 493 424 614 483
351
N30 P45 486 489 505 593 585 518 676 544 417
N60 P90 440 438 470 564 545 459 721 586 405
N90 P135 363 361 400 486 462 394 693 578 392
Ieinei??ciee ia?ia?oie ia aeeaeio
25-27 ni
Aac aeia?ea 400 400 428 472 439 408 568
456 337
N30 P45 444 443 473 529 515 471 642 504 394
N60 P90 433 425 462 526 510 435 680 565 386
N90 P135 358 353 380 452 435 355 661 551 345
I?ei?oea.A oaaeeoe? iaaaaeaii aeai?, ?ic?aoiaai? c iioeiaeueiei
caaouaiiyi ?ineei-60 oen/aa.
AENIIAEE
1. Iioeiaeueiei no?ieii n?aae aeey a?a?eae?a na?aaeiuei?aiiuei? ?
na?aaeiueii?ciuei? a?oi noeaeino? Iaeanueeee 123 oa Oi?oeoey ? o?aoy
aeaeaaea ea?oiy. I?e oeueiio caaacia/o?oueny iaeneiaeueiee o?iaeae,
iaeaeuee /enoee i?eaooie ? a?iaia?aaoe/iee eiao?oe??io. ?aiiueinoeaeee
a?a?eae Na?oi/ o iaaeao aea/a?ieo no?ie?a n?aae oiea?aioiee aei ieo: i?e
cai?ciaii? c n?aaith o?iaeaei?noue eiai ci?ith?oueny iacia/ii, aea
caaaeath/e ia oa, ui iaea?eueoee /enoee i?eaooie ? a?iaia?aaoe/iee
eiao?oe??io aoee io?eiai? i?e n?aa? a ae?oao aeaeaaeo o?aaiy, oi
iioeiaeueiei ne?ae aaaaeaoe oeae no?ie n?aae.
2. C aea/a?ieo niinia?a iniiaiiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo i?e ae?iuoaaii?
a?a?eae?a niiyoieea e?auei ? iieeoeaaee ia?ia?oie ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni.
Oeae i?eeii caaacia/o? iioeiaeueio u?euei?noue a?oioo a ia??iae
aaaaoaoe?? eoeueoo?e, caaeia?eueio ii?eno?noue ? aeia?o
aiaeii?iieei?noue. Iacaaaeath/e ia iaio? aeo?aoe eioo?a, i?aoe? ?
aia?a?? i?e aaciieeoeaaiio ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, iaea?eueoee /enoee i?eaooie
– 505, 593 ? 721 a?i/aa oa a?iaia?aaoe/iee eiao?oe??io – 2,0; 2,06 ?
2,26 i?e ae?iuoaaii? a?a?eae?a Na?oi/, Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey
aoei io?eiaii i?e iieeoeaaiio ia?ia?oeo a?oioo ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni.
3. I?e iin?a? a?a?eae?a ?aiiueinoeaei? ? na?aaeiuei?aiiuei? a?oi
noeaeino? Na?oi/ ? Iaeanueeee 123 iaea?eueoee iiceoeaiee aieea ia?
canoinoaaiiy N60P90, a na?aaeiueii?ciueiai a?a?eaeo Oi?oeoey c a?eueo
aenieei aaiaoe/iei iioaioe?aeii o?iaeaeiino? ?, a?aeiia?aeii, a?eueo
aeaaaeeaei aei ??aiy aeeaeaiiy – N90P135. I?e aeacaieo aeicao aianaiiy
i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ia /i?iicaiao i?aaeaiieo ?c aenieei ai?noii ?ooiieo
niieoe acioo, oinoi?o oa eae?th, a na?aaeiueiio ca 1995 – 1997 ?.?.,
aoei iaea?aeaii iaea?eueo aenieo a?iaeaei?noue ian?iiy: aeey a?a?eaea
Na?oi/ – 34,3-35,2 oe/aa; Iaeanueeee 123 – 37,7-39,6, aeey a?a?eaea
Oi?oeoey – 45,9 – 47,7 oe/aa. Aea caaaeath/e ia oa, ui iaea?eueoee
aia?aaoe/iee eiao?oe??io, a oaeiae /enoee i?eaooie (473 – 505 ? 529 –
593 a?i/aa) o a?a?eae?a Na?oi/ ? Iaeanueeee 123 caaacia/oaaeenue i?e
aianaii? aeia?ea a aeic? N30P45, ?? ? ne?ae aeciaoe iioeiaeueiith. O
na?aaeiueii?ciueiai a?a?eaea Oi?oeoey iaea?eueo? aia?aaoe/iee
eiao?oe??io (2,26) ? /enoee i?eaooie (680-721 a?i/aa) iaea?aeai? i?e
aianaii? acioii-oinoi?ieo aeia?ea o aeic? N60P90, ui aea? i?aenoaao
aeciaoe oeth aeico iioeiaeueiith.
4. Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui iioeiaeueiei caaouaiiyi ?ineei a?a?eae?a
Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey ? 60 oen./aa, a aeey ?aiiueinoeaeiai a?a?eaea
Na?oi/ – 80 oen./aa. I?e aeacaieo aonoioao iaea?aeaii iaea?eueo aenieo
a?iaeaei?noue ian?iiy ? ca?? aee?o c 1 aa: 13,9; 16,0 ? 19,2 oe,
a?aeiia?aeii, o a?a?eae?a Na?oi/, Iaeanueeee 123 ? Oi?oeoey.
5. O ?acoeueoao? aeeiiaieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?c a?a?eaeaie niiyoieea ??cieo
a?oi noeaeino? a c?iooaaieo oiiaao i?aaeiy Noaio Oe?a?ie, ne?ae
?aeiiaiaeoaaoe oiaa?iae?iaieeai aen?aaoe a?a?eaee na?aaeiueii?ciuei?
a?oie noeaeino?, cie?aia, a?a?eae Oi?oeoey, yeee caaacia/ea a oiiaao
aeine?aeo iaeaeuee /enoee i?eaooie c 1 aa – 680-721 a?i. A?a?eae
na?aaeiuei?aiiuei? a?oie Iaeanueeee 123 caaacia/o? cia/ii iaioo aaee/eio
/enoiai i?eaooeo – 529-593 a?i/aa. ?aiiueinoeaeee a?a?eae Na?oi/
caaacia/ea iaeiaioee na?aae aea/a?ieo a?a?eae?a niiyoieea /enoee
i?eaooie – 473-505 a?i/aa, aea ?aii? no?iee eiai aeic??aaiiy, ia
a?aei?io a?ae a?eueo i?ciueinoeaeeo, ?iaeyoue oaeee niiyoiee aeia?ei
iiia?aaeieeii iceieo eoeueoo?.
O eiiieaen? aa?ioaoi?/ieo i?eeii?a, yeee aea/aany, iaea?eueoee /enoee
i?eaooie ?c iaeiiai c?iooaaiiai aaeoa?a caaacia/oaaany i?e ii?aeiaii?
i?aiee ia aeeaeio 25-27 ni, aianaii? acioii-oinoi?ieo aeia?ea a aeic?
N30P45 -i?ae a?a?eaee Na?oi/ ? Iaeanueeee 123 oa N60P90 – i?ae a?a?eae
Oi?oeoey, n?aa? c caaouaiiyi 60 oen. ?ineei ia 1 aa. Iioeiaeueiei
no?ieii n?aae a?a?eae?a Oi?oeoey ? Iaeanueeee 123 ? o?aoy aeaeaaea
ea?oiy, a ?aiiueinoeaeiai a?a?eaeo Na?oi/ – ae?oaa aeaeaaea o?aaiy.
NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO ?IA?O CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??
1. Ooea?aiei A.I., Eaca? I.I., Oaiaeue A.A. Aeiiii?/ia oa
a?iaia?aaoe/ia aoaeoeai?noue ae?iuoaaiiy niiyoieea ??cieo a?oi noeaeino?
a iniiaieo iin?aao i?e c?ioaii? // Oaa??enueeee iaoeiaee a?niee.
Oa?nii,1998.- aei.8.- N.10-15.
2. Ooea?aiei A.A., Ieioeei N. ss., Iieyeia I.E., Oaiaeue A.A.
Aeenia?neiiiue aiaeec aeaiiuo iyoeoaeoi?iiai iieaaiai iiuoa Oa?nii,
1998.-76 n.
3. Ooea?aiei A.I., Oaiaeue A.A. Aieea ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, aeia?ea, no?ie?a
n?aae, caaouaiiy ? a?a?eae?a ia o?iaeaei?noue niiyoieea, ?ici?uaiiai a
c?iooaaieo oiiaao I?aaeiy Oe?a?ie // Oaa??enueeee iaoeiaee
a?niee.-Oa?nii, 1998.- aei.8.-N.15-19
4. Ooea?aiei A.I., Oaiaeue A.A. I?iaeoeoeai?noue niiyoieea a caeaaeiino?
a?ae aa?ioaoi?/ieo oiia eiai ae?iuoaaiiy ia c?iooaaieo caieyo i?aaeiy
Oe?a?ie // Oaa??enueeee iaoeiaee a?niee.-Oa?nii, 1998.- aei.8.- N.6-10.
5. Oaiaeue A.A. ?ic?iaea aeaiaio?a aa?ioaoi?ee ae?iuoaaiiy niiyoieea
??cieo a?oi noeaeino? ia i?aaei? Oe?a?ie a oiiaao c?ioaiiy //
Oaa??enueeee iaoeiaee a?niee: ca??iee iaoa??ae?a iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii?
eiioa?aioe?? .- Oa?nii, 1998.-aei.5 /.2.- N.13-14.
Oaiaeue A.A. ?ic?iaea aeaiaio?a oaoiieia?? ae?iuoaaiiy a?a?eae?a
niiyoieea ??cieo a?oi noeaeino? a iniiaieo iin?aao i?e c?ioaii?. –
?oeiien. Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 06.01.02 –
iae?i?aoe?y ? c?iooaaia caiea?ianoai. Oa?niinueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee
oi?aa?neoao, Oa?nii, 1998.
Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ieoaiiyi aea/aiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino? a?a?eae?a
niiyoieea ??cieo a?oi noeaeino? a iniiaieo iin?aao i?e c?ioaii? a oiiaao
I?aaeiy Oe?a?ie. Anoaiiaeaiee aieea niinia?a ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, oii?a
aeeaeaiiy, no?ie?a n?aae, caaouaiiy iin?a?a ia ??no, ?icaeoie, o?iaeae ?
ye?noue ian?iiy aea/a?ieo a?a?eae?a. Aecia/aii iioeiaeueia
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oaeoi??a, caaacia/oth/a iaea?eueo ?aoe?iiaeueia
aeei?enoaiiy iieeaii? aiaee, iaeaeuee a?iaia?aaoe/iee eiao?oe??io ?
iaea?eueoee /enoee i?eaooie. ?ic?iaeai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? io?eiaiiy
aenieeo o?iaea?a ian?iiy a?a?eae?a niiyoieea a iniiaieo iin?aao i?e
c?ioaii?.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: a?a?eaee niiyoieea, o?iaeaei?noue, c?ioaiiy, ia?ia?oie
a?oioo, aeia?eaa, no?iee n?aae, aonoioa, iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue, /enoee
i?eaooie.
Oaiaeue A.A. ?ac?aaioea yeaiaioia oaoiieiaee au?aueaaiey aea?eaeia
iiaenieia/ieea ?acee/iuo a?oii niaeinoe a iniiaiuo iinaaao i?e i?ioaiee.
?oeiienue. Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 06.01.02 – iaeei?aoeey e
i?ioaaiia caieaaeaeea. – Oa?niineee ainoaea?noaaiiue aa?a?iue
oieaa?neoao.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai eco/aiey i?iaeoeoeaiinoe aea?eaeia
iiaenieia/ieea ?acee/iuo a?oii niaeinoe a iniiaiuo iinaaao i?e i?ioaiee
a oneiaeyo THaa Oe?aeiu. Onoaiiaeaii aeeyiea niiniaia ia?aaioee ii/au,
oiiia ieoaiey, n?ieia naaa, caaouaiey iinaaia ia ?ino, ?acaeoea, o?iaeae
e ea/anoai naiyi enneaaeoaiuo aea?eaeia. Ii?aaeaeaii iioeiaeueiia
ni/aoaiea oaeoi?ia, iaania/eaathuaa iaeaieaa ?aoeeiiaeueiia
eniieueciaaiea iieeaiie aiaeu, iaeaieueoee aeiyia?aaoe/aneee
eiyooeoeeaio e /enoue aeioiae. ?ac?aaioaiu iaoaiaoe/aneea iiaeaee
iieo/aiey aunieeo o?iaeaaa naiyi aea?eaeia iiaenieia/ieea a iniiaiuo
iinaaao i?e i?ioaiee.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: aea?eaeu iiaenieia/ieea, o?iaeaeiinoue, i?ioaiea,
ia?aaioea ii/au, oaeia?aiey, n?iee naaa, aonoioa, iaoaiaoe/aneay
iiaeaeue, /enoue aeioiae.
A.Shepel. Developing technological elements of growing sunflower hybrids
of different groups of ripeness in spring sowing under
irrigation.-Manuscript.-Thesis for a Candidate’s Degree (Agriculture)
in the major 06.01.02.-Land Improvement and Irrigated Farming.-Kherson
State Agrarian University.
The thesis is devoted to the issues of studying sunflower hybrids
productivity of various groups of ripeness in spring sowing under
irrigation in the South of Ukraine. There has been established an
impact of soil tillage techniques, nutrition background, sowing time,
crop thickness on the growth, development, yield and seed guilty of the
hybrids under study. An optimal combination of factors providing the
most rational use of irrigation water, the highest bioenergy ratio and
maximum profits is determined. Mathematical models of getting high
yields of sunflower hybrid seeds in spring growing under irrigation are
elaborated.
Key words : sunflower hybrids, yielding capacity, irrigation, soil
tillage, fertilizers, sowing time, thickness, mathematical model,
profit.
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