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Спиридон Черкасенко і театр: Автореф. дис… канд. мистецтвознав. / Т.В. Жицька, НАН України. Ін-т мистецтвознав., фольклористики та етнології ім. М.Т

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IAOeIIIAEUeIA AEAAeAIIss IAOE OE?A?IE

IINOEOOO IENOAOeOAICIAANOAA, OIEUeEEI?ENOEEE

OA AOIIEIAI? ii. I.O.?EEUeNUeEIAI

Ia
i?aaao ?oeiieno

AEEOeUeEA OAOssIA AAEAIOEI?AIA

OAeE 792.02

NIE?EAeII *A?EANAIEI I OAAO?

Niaoeiaeueiinoue 17.00.02 “Oaao?aeueia ienoaoeoai’

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoei? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa

EE?A – 1998

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?i oaao?iciaanoaa Ee?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai

iinoeoooo oaao?aeueiiai ienoaoeoaa ii. I.E.Ea?iaiea-Ea?iai

Iaoeiaee ea?iaiee: /eai-ei?aniiiaeaio Aeaaeaii? ienoaoeoa
Oe?a?ie,

eaiaeeaeao ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa,
i?ioani?, ?aeoi?

Ee?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iinoeoooo oaao?aeueiiai

ienoaoeoaa ii.
I.E.Ea?iaiea-Ea?iai ?.ss.Ieeei/oe

Ioioeieii iiiiaioe: /eai-ei?aniiiaeaio IAI Oe?a?ie, aeieoi?
oieiei-

ai/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?,
caa.aiaeaeieii iiai? oa

aeaaiuei? eioa?aoo?e Iinoeoooo
eioa?aoo?e iiaii

O.A.Oaa/aiea IAI Oe?a?ie
I.A.Ieoaie/;

eaiaeeaeao ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa,
noa?oee iaoeiaee

niia?iaioiee aiaeaeieo
oaao?iciaanoaa Iinoeoooo

ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa,
oieueeei?enoeee oa aoiieiai?

ii. I.O.?eeuenueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie
E.A.Aeaoeianueea

I?iaiaeia onoaiiaa: Iinoeooo ia?iaeiciaanoaa IAI Oe?a?ie
/i.Eueaia/

Caoeno aiaeaoaeaoueny 17 eenoiiaaea 1998 ?. i 12 aiae. ia
caniaeaiii

Niaoeiaeiciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 01.57.01 ii caoenoo aeena?oaoeie ia
caei-

aoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaoe i?e Iinoeoooi
ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa,

oieueeei?enoeee oa aoiieiai? ii. I.O.?eeuenueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie ca
aae?anith:

252001, Ee?a-1, aoe. A?ooaanueeiai, 4, IO iiaa?o.

C aeena?oaoei?th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue a aiaeiioaoei Iinoeoooo.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?icineaiee 12 aeiaoiy 1998 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa? Niaoeiaeiciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,

eaiaeeaeao ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa
E.I.Aa?aaai

1

No/aniee nieane iioa?ano oe?a?inueeiai caaaeo aei aeanieo inoi?e/-

ieo, oieinionueeeo i aeooiaieo aeaea?ae, aeeeeeaiee iio?aaith ia?iaeo o
na-

iiiiciaiii i naiionaiaeiieaiii naaa a eiioaenoi naioiai? eoeueoo?ii? ei-

ioiieaoei?, i?eionea ii-iiaiio ia?ainieneeoe oo eiioeaioeith inoi?i?
iaoei-

iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e, yea eoeueoeaoaaeanue i?ioyaii aeaeieueeio inoaiiio
aea-

nyoeeioue.

Ca oie /an oe?a?inueea iaoea acaaaei i oaao?iciaanoai cie?aia i?i-

aeoeoaaee /eiaeee aaaaae i?aoeue, yei, caaaeath/e ia ?o ianya, iiaeiii
aoee

a iiaiith ii?ith caaeiaieueieoe aeieeeo oeieaainoue. Iaeiae, ye oea ia
i?ee?i

aeciaaaoe, aeineiaeaeaiiy i ?icaiaeee, yei iniothoue nueiaiaeii, iii?e
oni co-

neeey, aeieeaaeaii a/aieie, ia aeathoue ae/a?iieo aiaeiiaiaeae ia
/eneaiii

caieoaiiy, ui noinothoueny ye i?iaeai caaaeueii-iioaa?aoeaiiai oa?aeoa-

?o, oae i ie?aieo oaeoia.

Cainii, iayaiinoue oaeeo “i?iaaeei” iiynith?oueny aae iiye ia i?ioa-

nieiith iani?iiiaeiinoth /e “ei?ioeici?inoth” oaao?iciaa/i? iaoee, a
oi?th

aoiinoa?ith aeooiaii? ianaiaiaee, a oiiaao yei? aeoai?thaaeanue i
inieneth-

aaeanue iaoeiiiaeueia eoeueoo?a. ?acii c oei onaiaeiieaiiy ni?aaaeiio
/aac-

ia?a/ii, coiiaeaieo ia’?eoeaieie ianoaaeiaie/ i?e/ei “iaiaaeaiue” o ae-

ai?i ?icaeyaeoaaieo aeineiaeieeaie noi?iiie oaao?aeueii-ienoaoeueeiai
aeeooy,

ia caieueiy? aiae iaiaoiaeiinoi caiiai, aaiaeeoe a iaoeiaee iaia
iacaneo-

aeaii aeeo/aieo i acaaaei caaooeo oai, yaeu, iinoaoae.

Iaeii?th c oaeeo, iicaaaeaieo i?aaa ia iioaioaaiiy i iai’youe ia-

uaaeeia, ienoaoeueeeo iinoaoae aoa iiao, i?ica?e, ae?aiaoo?a,
ioaeioeeno,

iaaeaaia, a?iiaaenueeee i eoeueoo?iee aeiy/ – Nie?eaeii *a?eanaiei
/1876-

1940/, oai?/inoue yeiai i noaea ia’?eoii aeaiiai aeineiaeaeaiiy.

N. *a?eanaiei iaeaaeeoue aei oi?? aaia?aoei? oe?a?inueeeo ae?aiaoo?aia,

yea yne?aai i ia?aeiieeai cayaeaoe i?i naaa ia ii/aoeo XX noi?i//y,

iaiaaaeinue ?icoe?eoe ?aiee iaoeiiiaeueii-eoeueoo?ieoeueei? ia?aaeeaie.
Eaeo-

/e a ?onei iiaea?ieo, ye ia naie /an, anoaoe/ieo ?icaiaeie, aiie, oai?-

/i ia?ainienethth/e caeiaooee iiia?aaeieeia, i?aaioee nai?th oai?/inoth

ni?eyoe oi?ioaaiith iiai? anoaoe/ii? naiaeiiinoi.

I?ioeane, iia’ycaii ic ca?iaeaeaiiyi i ocae/a?iiyi o ooaeiaeiie i?ae-

oeoei oe?a?inueeiai oaao?o anoaoeee ?aiiueiai oe?a?inueeiai iiaea?iicio,

eeoa aiaeiaaeaaia noaee ia’?eoii iaoeiaiai inieneaiiy i ua ia iiaeaeaaa-

eenue ?aoaeueiiio i anaai/iiio oaao?iciaa/iio aiaeiciai. Oiio ni?iaa

eiioeaiooaeueiiai i?i/eoaiiy oai?/inoi *a?eanaiea-ae?aiaoo?aa ia oieueee

?icoe?eoue iaoa oyaeaiiy i?i eiai iniaenoo ?ieue a ooaa?aeaeaiii
iiaea?ii-

noe/ii? iiaoeee, a e aeicaieeoue e?aua inyaiooe oieinionueei-ienoaoeueei

ai?eciioe ?ai?acaioiaaii? iei eoeueoo?ii? aeiae a oeieiio.

NOAI AeINEIAeAEAIINOI oaie aeaii? aeena?oaoei?. O e?eoe/iie eioa?aoo?i

2

ia?oi? /aa?oi iaoiai aieo ae?aiaoo?ai/iiio aei?iaeiai *a?eanaiea aiaeai-

aeeeinue iaeia c i?ii?eoaoieo iinoeue. I?aeoe/ii iae?aco aeie?aieaoe
aici?

oeueiai ieooey ic caaaeueiiai iioieo ae?aiaoe/ii? eioa?aoo?e, no/ania
eiio

oaao?aeueii-e?eoe/ia aeoiea i?iaeoeoaaea /eiaei noaoae i ?aoeaicie, yei,

oi/ i ia aiaecia/aeenue nenoaiaoe/iinoth aeniiaeia i niinoa?aaeaiue,
ia?a-

eiieeai canaiae/eee iaiiae?iaiee iioa?an aei cai?iiiiiaaii? *a?eanaieii

iiaeaei inai?iiy ooaeiaeiueiai aeinaiaeo. Aea caiaeii ciiie
noniieueii-aeooia-

ii? aoiinoa?e, ui aiaeaoaaeenue ia oa?aiao O?N? o 30-o ?ieao, i?ecaaee

aei i?eioniaiai aeeo/aiiy iiaii ae?aiaoo?aa c ienoaoeueei? iaie Oe?a?ie.

Aeayei caaaeueii ioeiiee eiai oai?/inoi i caaaeee i?i ie?aii oaeoe

aiia?aoi?, i?aaaea, cono?i/athoueny a ?icaiaeeao o/aieo c oe?a?inueei?

aeianii?e, aea i?i *a?eanaiea ia caaoaaee iieiee. Iaeiae oei i?aoei ic

c?icoiieeo i?e/ei caeeoaeenue iaaiaeiieie /eoa/ai i aeineiaeieeai a
Oe?a-

?ii, a ioaea, ia iiaee i?i?aaoe oo ooo/ii caaaeaio “caaaoo” iia/aiiy,

yea eieueea aeanyoeia ?ieia iiniieue oiniei eieii ioi/oaaea ii’y ae?aia-

oo?aa.

O iao /an, eiee noaei iiaeeeaei ia oieueee iaceaaoe caai?iiaii ?a-

iioa iiaia oe?a?inueeeo ieooeia, a e aeneiaethaaoe iaoia?aaeaeaii, ia
?aa-

eaiaioiaaii iaeaieiai/ieie ii?eoaaiiyie, ioeiiee ?oiuei? oai?/inoi,
aiae-

aoany ni?aaaeiie nieane iioa?ano aei oai?/i? iniaenoinoi N.*a?eanaiea.

I?aeoe/ii oni i?aoei, i?enay/aii inoi?i? oe?a?inueeiai oaao?aeueiiai ie-

noaoeoaa ii/aoeo XX no., ui c’yaeeenue i?ioyaii inoaiiio ?ieia, iinoyoue

aieueo /e iaio ia’?iii caaaeee i?i eiai aianie a iioaeaeooaeueiee oa eo-

eueoo?iee ?oo nai?? anoaoe/ii? aeiae. C’yaeeinue aeaeieueea ia?enia,
noa-

oae i aeena?oaoeieieo ?iaio, o yeeo ia’?eoii aeineiaeaeaiiy noaea
aaciina-

?aaeiuei oai?/inoue *a?eanaiea-ae?aiaoo?aa. Iaeiae oni oei
aeineiaeaeaiiy, ia

aeaeue, oi?eathoueny eeoa ie?aieo noi?ii i aniaeoia ae?aiaoo?ai/iiai
aei-

?iaeo N. *a?eanaiea, ui, yne?aai aenaioethth/e ie?aii a?aii oai?/i? ii-

aeeaiaeoaeueiinoi ae?aiaoo?aa, ia aeicaiey? ana ae iiaiith ii?ith
inyaiooe

onueiai ianooaao eiai ienoaoeueei? iinoaoi.

Oaeei /eiii, AEOOAEUeIINOUe OAIE i?iiiiiaaii? aeena?oaoei? aecia/a-

?oueny aiaeiiith iaaaeiaieaiinoth noaiii ?? aeineiaeaeaiinoi a inioth/ie
e?e-

oe/iie eioa?aoo?i i, ioaea, iaiaoiaeiinoth a?oioiaiiai iaoeiaiai aea/ai-

iy aeeoo?aiai i oai?/iai oeyoo ae?aiaoo?aa a eiioaenoi ooaeiaeiio
ooeaiue

eiai aeooiaii-anoaoe/ii? aiioe.

IAOEIAA IIAECIA. Ineieueee ae?aiaoo?ai/ia niaaeueia N. *a?eanaiea

i aeini ia aoea i?aaeiaoii ocaaaeueiaiiai ienoaoeoaiciaa/iai aiaeico,

aeaia aeineiaeaeaiiy yaey? niaith ia?oo ni?iao eiiieaenii inieneeoe eiai

oai?/ee aianie o iinooi iaoeiiiaeueiiai ienoaoeoaa. O ca’yceo c oeei
?ic-

aeyaea?oueny oe?iea eiei iaeae oa oaiaeaioeie, iia’ycaieo c
ooaa?aeaeaiiyi

3

o iaoeiiiaeueiie eoeueoo?iie ia?aaeeaii iiaea?ii? anoaoeee, ui iaee

aiae/ooiee aieea ia oi?ioaaiiy naioiaa/aiiy ae?aiaoo?aa.

Ocaaaeueith?ouenyaeinaiae ienoaoeueei-e?eoe/iiai inieneaiiy aei?iaeo

*a?eanaiea a inoi?e/-iie i ?aoeaioeaiie ia?niaeoeai i ?iaeyoueny

nooo?ai ooi/iaiiy oa iii?aaee.

Ia aiaeiiio aiae inioth/eo nueiaiaeii ?icaiaeie, aea ae?aiaoo?ai/ia nia-

aeueia N. *a?eanaiea ?icaeyaea?oueny ia?aaeonii ye nooi eioa?aoo?ia
yaeua,

a aeaiiio aeineiaeaeaiii i’?ne ae?aiaoo?aa iiaeaeathoueny ianaiia?aae
oaao?ic-

iaa/iio aiaeiciai, ui aeicaiey? aeyaeoe ii?o ?o noeaii/ii? aa?oiniinoi.

Oae naii aia?oa iiaea?oueny aeaoaeueiee eioiien noeaii/ieo aoieaiue
ae?aia-

oe/ieo oai?ia *a?eanaiea i aeie?aieaii ?icaeyaeathoueny i aiaeicothoueny

caeiaooee *a?eanaiea – oaao?aeueiiai e?eoeea, ui, a naith /a?ao, aeicai-

ey? aia?oa iaeneiaeueii aeinoioii aecia/eoe ?ieue ae?aiaoe/ieo oai?ia

N. *a?eanaiea i ?ai?acaioiaaiiai ieie anoaoe/iiai iai?yieo a ooaeiaeiie

i?aeoeoei iaoeiiiaeueiiai oaao?o.

I?AEOE*IA CIA*AIIss ?iaioe coiiaeth?oueny, ianaiia?aae, iiaeeeainoth

iiaeaeueoiai aeei?enoaiiy c?iaeaieo o iie aeniiaeia i niinoa?aaeaiue o

eaeoeieieo eo?nao c inoi?i? oe?a?inueeiai oaao?o i oaao?aeueii? e?eoeee,

i?e /eoaiii niaoeeo?nia i i?iaaaeaiii naiiia?ia c i?iaeai ae?aiaoo?ai?,

a aaeeoi?nueeie i?aeoeoei. Ie?ii oiai, ?? iaoa?iaee iiaeooue
i?eneoaeeoeny

i?e iaienaiii yeinii iiai? inoi?i? oe?a?inueeiai ienoaoeoaa /iio?aaa o

yeie nueiaiaeii iaaecae/aeii aeniea/, ui ia iiaeeeai aac “ii?o?aoiiai”

ie?aneaiiy ie?aieo ienoaoeueeeo iinoaoae a eiioaenoi no/anieo ?i
ooaeiae-

iio ooeaiue.

IAOA?IAEII AeEss OeI?? AeENA?OAOeI?, ie?ii oaenoia i’?n ae?aiaoo?aa i

i?aoeue, i?enay/aieo aeania *a?eanaieiai oa eiai oai?/inoi, iineoaeeee

a?oiaii iaoa?iaee /ia?aaaaeia aieueoinoue yeeo aoea aeiiaaeaaia cae?eoa

aeey aeineiaeieeia/, /eneaiii ioaeieaoei? a oe?a?inueeie ia?iiaee/iie
i?ani

ii/aoeo noi?i//y, aeeaii caa?aaeaii oaao?aeueii i?ia?aiee, aoioi, naiae-

/aiiy oaao?aeueieo aeiy/ia, aiinoiey?iy, iaioa?ia eioa?aoo?a oiui.

AI?IAAOeIss ?IAIOE. Aeena?oaoeiy a oeieiio iaaiai?thaaeanue ia caniaeai-

ii eaoaae?e oaao?iciaanoaa Ee?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iinoeoooo
oaao?aeueii-

ai ienoaoeoaa ii. I.E.Ea?iaiea-Ea?iai. Ie?aii aniaeoe ?iaioe aoee aen-

aioeaii iiae /an aenooiia ia o?aaeeoeieieo ui?i/ieo /eoaiiyo o Aoaeeieo-

ioca? I.Caiueeiaaoeueei? /18.12.1995 ?., 24.12.1996 ?./ i o aeiiiaiaeyo

ia iaoeiai-oai?aoe/iie eiioa?aioei?, i?enay/aiie 140-?i//th c aeiy ia-

?iaeaeaiiy I.E.Naaeianueeiai /25.12.1996 ?./ oa iaoeiai-oai?aoe/iie eii-

oa?aioei?, i?enay/aiie 120-?i//th aiae aeiy ia?iaeaeaiiy I.Ia?’yiaiea
/I3.

05.1998 ?./.

NO?OEOO?A I IANssA AeENA?OAOeIEII? ?IAIOE coiiaeaii iaoith aeaiiai

4

aeineiaeaeaiiy i aeieeaathoue c eiai caaaeaiue. Caaaeueiee ianya oaenoo,
yeee

aeeth/a? a naaa anooi, o?e ?icaeiee i aeniiaee, noaiiaeoue 178 noi?iiie.

Aiaeiia?aoi/ia ioi?ieaiiy ?iaioe noaiiaeyoue “Nienie iniiaii? aeei?en-

oaii? eioa?aoo?e i iaiioaeieiaaieo aeaea?ae”, aei yeiai aoiaeeoue 372
iice-

oei?, i aeaa aeiaeaoee /Aeiaeaoie A – “Ia?aeie oaao?aeueii-e?eoe/ieo
noaoae

oa ?aoeaicie N.*a?eanaiea”; Aeiaeaoie A – “Inaaaeiiiie i e?eioiiiie

N.*a?eanaiea”/.

INIIAIEE CIINO ?IAIOE

O ANOOII ianaiia?aae iaa?oioiao?oueny caa?iaiiy aei ia?aii? oaie i

iioeao?oueny ?? iaoeiaa aeooaeueiinoue. Noenei iiaea?oueny iaeyae
e?eoe/-

ii? eioa?aoo?e, yea aieueoith /e iaioith ii?ith aenaioeth? oeth oaio.
Aecia-

/a?oueny iiaecia, iaoiaee, iaoa i caaaeaiiy i?iiiiiaaiiai
aeineiaeaeaiiy,

a oaeiae eiai i?aeoe/ia oa oai?aoe/ia oeiiiinoue.

Ie?ii oiai, iaaiaeeoueny ocaaaeueiaia i ooi/iaia o?iiiea aeeoo?ieno

N.*a?eanaiea, a eiioaenoi yei? iiaea?oueny aeaoaeiciaaiee aeneiae
inoi?i?

iaienaiiy iei nai?o ae?aiaoe/ieo oai?ia.

?ICAeIE 1. ANOAOE*II CANAAeE Ae?AIAOO?AI? N.*A?EANAIEA. Iaeii?th c

oeaio?aeueieo i?iaeai oaao?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo, yeo oai?/a naiaeiiinoue i

i?aeoeea ii/aoeo noieiooy aeaeieeee c-iiiiae iioeo, aoea i?iaeaia anoa-

oe/iiai “iiiaeaiiy” oaao?aeueiiai i?aaiicio. Coiiaeaia i?aaiaiiyi iiei-

aei? aaia?aoei? oe?a?inueeeo ieooeia c?oeioaaoe ooo/ii ooai?aiee iaaeiei

iaoeiiiaeueii? ae?aiaoo?ai? i?aie i?iaiioeieiinoi, yne?aai ie?aneaia
i?i-

?ioiaaiinoue ia “?a?iiaenueeo” eoeueoo?io ia?aaeeaio niiioeaee aiae/ooio

iioaineoieaoeith aeaeiciii ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/ii? eiinoaioe, ui
eiie?aoeco-

aaeenue o ca?iaeaeaiii i noaiiaeaiii ?aiiueiai oe?a?inueeiai
iiaea?iicio.

Iiiciaaaeueii ciaee oeueiai anoaoe/iiai iai?yieo i?iyaeythoueny a oai-

?/inoi oaeeo aiaeiieo oai?/eo iniaenoinoae, ye Ethaeieea
Noa?eoeueea-*a?iy-

oianueea, Aieiaeeie? Aeiie/aiei, Ieaenaiae? Ieanue, Aiao Oioeaae/ i ua
oei-

ei? eiai?oe iaciaieo nueiaiaeii oe?ieei caaaeii ieooeia. Oai?/inoue
N.*a?-

eanaiea a oeueiio ?yaeo oaeiae yaey? niaith yne?aaee i?eeeaae
naii?aaeica-

oei? naioiaeyaeieo oa anoaoe/ieo c?ooaiue a oe?a?inueeie ae?aiaoo?ai?,
ui

niinoa?iaaeenue ia ii/aoeo XX noi?i//y.

Iiyaa aaea ia?oi? eiai i’?ne – ae?aiaoe/iiai ia?eno “A noa?ii aiic-

aei” /1907/ ia?aeiiaea no/anio ieooeaai e?eoeeo o oiio, ui oe?a?inueea

ae?aiaoo?aiy caaaaoeeanue ua iaeiei “iaaoaeaiiei” oaeaioii.
Iiaea?iinoe/ia

ni?yiiaaiinoue *a?eanaiea-ae?aiaoo?aa, ia aeoieo ?aoeaicaioia, iaeaieueo

neiioeaio?iaaii i?iyaeeanue o aeaoiaaieo 1908 ?ieii iaeiiaeoiaeao
“iaoa?-

eiieianueeiai aiaeoiieo”: aneici “AEao” i ae?aiaoe/ieo aothaeao
“Iiaeiai”

oa “Ii, ii!”. Ic caaaeueiiai ?yaeo iaienaieo iei oai?ia oaeiae
aeie?aieth-

5

thoueny i’?ne, yei oaiaoe/ii ia’?aeiothoueny o nai??iaeii o?iaaee. Oea –
ae?a-

ie, a iniiao yeeo iieeaaeaii eaiiiiciaaii a naioiaie eioa?aoo?i
nthaeaoe:

“I?iiaoae” /1914/, “Aniainueeee eaaaeue??i Aeii Ooai i ?icioa” /1928/,

“Oeiia e?iai” /1930/ oa i’?ne ia inoi?e/io oaio: “Eiee ia?iae
iia/eoue…

/Aaoueiai Iaai Iacaia/” /1927/, “Naaa?ei Iaeeaaeei” /1928/, “Aaeueiiaeia

iaii Ei/oaa?oa” /1936/.

Ie?ii i?eaiiaeueieo ae?aiaoe/ieo oai?ia, ienoaoeueeee iaaooie N.*a?-

eanaiea aeeth/a? a naaa i iinoeaiicaoei? aiaeiieo i?iciaeo oai?ia.
Oeieaai,

ui ca yeeiinue iacaaaiaiiei caiaii ianoaaei oey a?oia oaeiae ia’?aeio?

o?e oai?e: “No?aoia iiinoa /ca I. Aiaieai/” /1914/, “*i?ia ?aaea /ca

I.Eoeioai/” /1915/ oa “Aaeaeaiaee /ca O.Oaa/aieii/” /1917/. Ia?aci iae-

aieueo aiaeiieie oai?aie *a?eanaiea-ae?aiaoo?aa aacoiiaii noaee ae?aia

“Eacea noa?iai ieeia” /1913/ i o?aaaaeiy “I?i ui oe?na oaeanoiea….”

/1916/, yei, ia ia?aeiiaiiy i oaao?aeueii? a?iiaaenueeinoi, i /eoa/ia, i

e?eoeee, iaa?oioiaaii caaeeee neaae eiai “aiceoii? ea?oee”. I?eiaaiae-

ii o?aaa aiaeaeaoe iaeaaeia ?aoeaicaioai, yei aaea a ia?oeo ni?iaao
ae?a-

iaoo?aa-ii/aoeiaoey ni?iiiaeenue ?icaeaaeioe iioaioeiae oai?/i?
iiaeeaiaeo-

aeueiinoi N.*a?eanaiea, o yeie ii?aeiaeenue iaeinoioiioi ?ene nai?? an-

oaoe/ii? aeiae.

Inyaiaiiy ethaenueeiai iiaeeaiaea o ?aeiinoi eiai aeooiaii? i aiii?e/-

ii? nooiinoae, eiii?iiine iiae naiaeiiinoth oa iinoeieoii, iiae iaia’yc-

eii oa ii/oooyi, iiioeueneaii aeaooe a aeeaeiao ethaenueei?
iiaenaiaeiiin-

oi iaoiiei?aieo nioeioiieie ii?iaie i?aaiaiue, inoi?e/ia “iaieio/inoue”

i “naiiaeinoaoiinoue” iniaenoinoi, eioaiiy i c?aaea, ?aiaaaonoai i naii-

aiaeaeaiinoue – ana oea noa? ia’?eoii ienoaoeueeiai caoeieaaeaiiy
N.*a?ea-

naiea. Aiaeeeaeath/e canoa?aaeaiiy i aaaaiiy, aii aa?a c aeeooy oaei oa-

?aeoa?e e aeiei, oaei eieici? oa eiioeieoe, oaei oaiaoe/ii ieanoe,

yei iaoeiiiaeueia ooaeiaeiy naiaeiiinoue oieueee-ii ii/eiaea inaithaaoe.

Iaeiae, iaaieiooth/e ia oyaeiiii N.*a?eanaiea ia iiaaoeieieo, ye ia

naie /an oi?i ae?aie, iaiaoiaeii cacia/eoe, ui iiaea?iinoe/ii
oaiaeaioei?,

yei ie?anethaaee iaeei c aeiiiiaioieo ia ii/aoeo noi?i//y aaeoi?ia ?ic-

aeoeo iaoeiiiaeueiiai ienoaoeoaa, ia iaaoa o oai?/inoi ae?aiaoo?aa naii-

aeinoaoiueiai oa?aeoa?o. Niaoeeoi/iith aeanoeainoth ooaeiaeiueiai
ananaioo,

noai?aiiai i aacei?eneeai iiaea?iaaiiai iai ieooeai, aoea yne?aai ie-

?aneaia “aeaiii?iinoue” /c iaeyaeo ia nooiiiue noa’?eoeaaoei? naioo/
eiai

i’?n.

C?ooaiiy, yei aiaeaoaaeenue o ooaeiaeiie naiaeiiinoi ia ii/aoeo noi-

?i//y, coiiaeee, aac noiiiao, aeiei?iiiee ia?aaeyae i ia?aioeiieo i?ae-

oe/ii onio aeaiaioia, yei aecia/athoue ia?aiao?e ia?aaeeaiaoe/ii? no?o-

eoo?e ienoaoeoaa. Ia noaea aeiyoeii i nenoaia aeai?ioai?aiiy. Aiaeiiae-

6

aoenue aeciaaaoe aeiaiao eaiiiiciaaieo aeai?iaeo oeoia/aiue i oeo
oi?iaeue-

ieo iciae, yei ca ieie noiyee, oe?a?inueei ieooei noaee i?eaeieyoe aaee-

eo oaaao aaoi?nueeei aecia/aiiyi aeai?o nai?o oai?ia, i?iyaeyth/e o

oeueiio ieoaiii iaaaeyeo aeiaoiaeeeainoue.

Aneic, ae?aiaoe/iee aothae, ae?aia-eacea, inoi?e/ia ae?aia, ae?aiiaee

?iiai, iioa?iaaeiy, ae?aiaoe/iee ia?en, ae?aiaoe/ia oaioaciy c aeeaei
ia-

?acii, ae?aiaoe/ia ea?oeia – oea aeaeaei ia iiaiee ia?aeie i?eaianaieo

aeai?iaeo ooai?aiue, aeei?enoaieo N.*a?eanaieii. Iacae/iinoue i niiioai-

iinoue noai?aieo ae?aiaoo?aii eiiaiiaoeie ia caeeoa? noiiiaia, ui oea ia

caiice/aiiy, a i?eaiiaeueii, oeieeii aaoi?nueei aecia/aiiy. Aaaeeeai oa-

eiae iiaee?aneeoe, ui oa oaaaa, yeo aii i?eaeiey? aecia/aiith aeai?o
nai?o

ae?aiaoe/ieo oai?ia, i?iaeeeoiaaia ia aaaeaiiyi a?aceoe /e
i?iaeaiiino?o-

aaoe naith oai?/o aeioaiiinoue. Oea – aiaeaeoie iaiieaaeeaeo oai?/eo
iioo-

eia ae?aiaoo?aa.

Aia?aiy ia?aoai?aiiy, yea aeeaeea ienoaoeoai *a?eanaiea-ae?aiaoo?aa

i eiai oai?/eo iaeiiaeoioeia, iicia/eeanue i ia oaeiio, caeaaaeinue ae,
nooi

aeiiiiiaeii-neoaeaiaiio eiiiiiaioi ae?aie, ye ?aia?ee. Aiaeic
no?oeoo?ii?

aoaeiae i’?n N.*a?eanaiea aea? ani iiaenoaae aiai?eoe i?i cia/ia ?icoe-

?aiiy ooieoeie ?aia?ie o eiai i’?nao. Aeieath/e onoaeaii
ooieoeiiiaeueii-

i?aaiaoe/ii iaiaaeaiiy, N.*a?eanaiei i?eiooo? ?aia?ee i?aoethaaoe ia
noai-

?aiiy aiaeiiaiaeiiai aiioeieiiai iiioeueno, yeee, ca caaeoiii
ae?aiaoo?aa,

iiaeiai aecia/aoe iio?iaiee iano?ie i ?eoi ae?aiaoe/ii? aei?. Noai?aia

iei nenoaia ?aia?ie aea? oyaeaiiy i i?i aoiinoa?o, i i?i ineoiaiioeieiee

noai aa?i?a, i i?i iioiiaoeieio ia?oeoo?o ?aieie. A aiaeoae
iiina?aaeeiaa-

ii aeicaiey? neeanoe oyaeaiiy i i?i aaoi?nueea noaaeaiiy aei eieici?,
yea

eaaeeoue a iniiai ani?? i’?ne.

Nieneiooai?thth/ei no?eaeiai ae?aiaoe/ieo eieicie o i’?ao N.*a?eanai-

ea iinoa? i?ioenoiyiiy niieiiai/ieo ii?aeueii-aoe/ieo canaae
ethaenueeiai

niiainioaaiiy, iica yeeie iiiyooy i yaeua ethaenueei? iniaenoinoi,
aeania,

ao?a/athoue nae?aeueiee nain. Eiioeaio?oth/e naith oaaao ia?aaaaeii
iaaeiei

aiaiaaeaioiiai inai?iiy ii?aeueiiai oa ineoieiai/iiai ciinoo aeeooy,
ae?a-

iaoo?a ?icaeyaea? nai?o aa?i?a ye iini?a oeo /e iioeo ii?aeueieo eaoaai-

?ie. Noeeueiinoue N.*a?eanaiea aei ocaaaeueiaiiy i “oiiaa?naeicaoei?”
ciin-

oo nai?o i’?n aeicaiey? eiio ?aaeicoaaoe cayaeaii aioeoace ia oieueee a

iaiaaeaieo iiaeeaiaeoaeueiith eiie?aoeeith ?aaino?ao, a e aeyaeoe oi
iiioeuene,

yei eo/aoue oei eieici? c caaaeueiinaioiaei aoeei-aoiaiioai?/ei
iiia?aoe-

aii. Aii aea? iai aiae/ooe aaciaaeiinoue ethaenueeeo iiaeeeainoae,
oaa?aci no-

aeeoue i?i noua, ciaeueiao? nai?o aa?i?a oae, ui ie caeiaaaeo?iinue,
yeeie

aiie iiaee a noaoe, i ia caeeoa? noiiiaia uiaei oiai, yeeie aiie ? ian-

i?aaaei. Ie aiae/oaa?ii, /iai naia aaaaoi c eiai ia?niiaaeia aa?oi, i
iny-

7

aa?ii oa, ia ui aiie i?e?a/aii.

Aeoeaiooth/e oaaao ia ?iei /ooo?ai-aiioeieiiai ia/aea a cai?iiiiiaa-

iie *a?eanaieii ae?aiaoe/iie eiioeaioei? aeieniinoi, o?aaa, iaeiae,
ooi/ie-

oe, ui ana oea iiyeith ii?ith ia icia/a?, ui eiai i’?ne oeaothoue
aiaenooii-

noth aeeiaiicio “ciaiioiuei?” aei?, yea aecia/a? iai?oao ae?aiaoe/ii?
iio-

?eae. sseui ni?iaoaaoe /cae/aeii, oiiaii/ eaoaeiaicoaaoe iiaei?, yei
aiae-

aoaathoueny a *a?eanaieiaeo i’?nao, oi ieiiaiei aeioiaeeo aeniiaeo, ui
?o

c iaaeeeoeii aenoa/eei a ia aeaeieueea aino?inthaeaoieo ae?ai. /Cao/aoue
iin-

o?iee, ae?o? iiaeaaea, aiaeaoaathoueny ni?iae caanoe ?aooiee c aeeooyi,
?ic-

eioathoueny ia ae?ocee iaaei? e iethci?… A neieueee c?aae, neaiaeaeia,
iaii-

?icoiiiue, iauaneeaeo caeioaiinoae…/. Iioa ni?aaa, ui oei o?aaeeoeieii

ae?ioaeueii iiaei? o ae?aiao N.*a?eanaiea ii/iai ia ae?ioothoue. Iaaioue
ca-

aeaaeue iaeiiai c aa?i?a /ye i?aaeei, iaeaeuee aiioeieiei iiiaio/ o *a?-

eanaiea ia iaia’yceiai caiaa?oueny c ?ica’yceith o?aaaaei? i ua ia icia-

/a? ii?acee oi?? oeiiiinii-nieneiai? iiceoei?, yeo oeae ia?niiaae, ca
ca-

aeoiii aaoi?a, ?ai?acaioo?.

I’?ne N.*a?eanaiea, ye, aeania, i any iiaea?iinoe/ia ae?aiaoo?aiy

ia ii/aoeo XX noi?i//y, i?aaenoaaeythoue niaith aeiaiei iaiaeii?iaeia
yaeua –

i ca aeai?ii oai i nthaeaoia, i ca a?naiaeii cia?aaeaeueieo caniaia, i
ca

nooiaiai noa’?eoeaaoei? naioo. Ia?aeiyaoenue iiaeie “aiyiiyie”, ui aoe-

aaeueii neieeoioee iaoeiiiaeueia ienoaoeoai, N.*a?eanaiei
aiaeiiaey?oueny

aeciaaaoe aeiaiao aoaeue-yeeo ?aaeaiaioaoeieii-anoaoe/ieo iaiaaeaiue.
Aii

iae?a? oeyo aeoeaieo oai?/eo iiooeia, yei eiie?aoecothoueny a aeiaiei
nai-

??iaeiiio neioaci i?eeiyoieo i aeecueeeo eiai naioiaa/aiith aeaiaioia
ii-

aea?ii noe/ii? iiaoeee. Oey, caaaeii oa?aeoa?ia aeey ?aiiueiai
oe?a?inueeiai

iiaea?iicio, oaiaeaioeiy aei aeeoa?aioeiaoei? ?iciinooiaiaaeo
noeeinoe/ieo

?yaeia o caeaaeiinoi aiae oeo eiie?aoieo caaaeaiue, yei noaaeoue ia?aae
niaith

ieoaoeue, i?aoethth/e iaae eiaeiei ie?aiei oai?ii, i?iyaeeanue o
oai?/inoi

N.*a?eanaiea aeineoue ?aeue?oii. Caeo/ath/e aei noai?aiiy nai?o
ae?aiaoe/-

ieo oai?ia eiaeiiai ?aco iiai, aiaeiiiii ca nai?ie anoaoe/ieie ia?aiao-

?aie iioaioei?, N.*a?eanaiei, – iii?e onth ?oith aioo?ioith “?iciinoue”,
a

iiiaei i aiaeaa?oo noeeinoe/io noia?a/eeainoue, – aeiiaaa?oueny aoaeoo
“noa-

?aioiii/iinoi” ciinoo nai?o i’?n, ui, ai/aaeaeue, ? oi?th aeiiiiaioiith
aea-

noeainoth oai?/iai iaaea?oaaiiy ae?aiaoo?aa, yea aecia/a? naiiaooiinoue
i

“ianoaiaea?oiinoue” eiai ooaeiaeiueiai ieneaiiy.

?acii c oei oaea uaae?a ?icia?ooy noeeinoe/ii-aeai?iaeo eiiaiiaoeie

coiiaeth? anoaoe/io iaiaeiiyeiniinoue ae?aiaoo?ai/ieo aicie ieooey /aei
?a-

/i, /anoi aiaeie?aieaieo cianii iacia/ieie i?iiiaeeaie /ano/, ui ieiiai-

ei noai?th? a?aaeaiiy anoaoe/ii? “ia?iaiinoi” i, yeui iiaeia oae
neacaoe,

“oaioe/iinoi” aei?iaeo *a?eanaiea-ae?aiaoo?aa. Ia ia?oee, iiaa?oiaee,

8

iiaeyae, iiaea iaaioue caeaoeny, ui ae?aiaoo?ai/ia oai?/inoue oeueiai
ieooey,

eio?ee, ye i eiai oai?/i iaeiiaeoioei, iaiieaaeeai iaiaaaany ni?eyoe
o?i-

ciiiaiioiaiith a?naiaeo cia?aaeaeueii-ae?aaeaeueieo caniaia, acaaaei
a?aeo?

oiai ?aeiaeueiiai no?eaeiy, oi?? aioo?ioiuei? eiaiee, yea cacae/ae naia
i

aeiiiiaaa? aeineiaeieeiai inyaiooe oai?/i caeiie, yei anoaiiaea aeey
naaa

ieoaoeue.

Iani?aaaei ae, oi/ iinoaaeaii a iaeei, o?iiieiai/ii coiiaeaiee ?yae,

i ae?aie N.*a?eanaiea aeienii ia aeathoue ieaaii? ea?oeie noeeinoe/ii?
aaieth-

oei?, eiai oai?/ee iaaooie – oea oeieinia anoaoe/ia nenoaia. I?inoi iiae

ie?aieie i’?naie N.*a?eanaiea, iii?e onth ?oith ooaeiaeiuei-noeeinoe/io

“naiiaeinoaoiinoue”, inio? aeeaieee aioo?ioiie ca”ycie, yeee i?inoaaeo-

?oueny eeoa ia ?iaii ocaaaeueithth/eo oaiaeaioeie ooaeiaeiueiai iaoiaeo
i a aea-

yeeo “iane?icieo” iioeaao, yei iieiee ia cieeathoue c oai?/inoi ae?aia-

oo?aa, oi/ i cia/iith ii?ith iiaeeoieothoueny o aiaeiiaiaeiinoi aei oeo
oai?-

/eo caaaeaiue, yei aii noaaeoue ia?aae niaith.

Aino?a aiae/oooy aeooo /ano aeicaieeei N.*a?eanaieiai aeiaeoe i aiae-

oai?eoe iniiaii ?ooieii oaiaeaioei?, oa?aeoa?ii aeey nai??
nioeii-eoeueoo?-

ii? aiioe. Aea inoi?e/ii noia?a/iinoi aeiae i?iyaeeenue ia oieueee a oo-

aeiaeiie oeaieii eiai oai?ia, a e o eiai naiaeiiinoi i, c?aooith,
iniaen-

oie aeiei. ?icii/aaoe ae?aiaoo?ai/io oai?/inoue o 1907 ?ioei, *a?eanaiei

caeeoeany ai?iei oeueiio aaaeiai eioa?aoo?ii? aeiyeueiinoi aei inoaieo
naiai

aaaaoiai ia aei?iaoaaiiy aeeooy, yea iieiee ia aoei aii aacoo?aioiei,

aii aacaeo?iei. Oiio iaeaea i’youe aeanyoeia iaienaieo iei i aiaeiieo
iai

nueiaiaeii i’?n, oea, ai/aaeaeue, eeoa /anoeia oiai, ui iiaei a
“aiaeaooenue”,

yeae aeeoo?ai ianoaaeie neeaeenue aieueo ni?eyoeeai aeey ieooey. Iaeiae
i oi

ae?aiaoe/ii oai?e, yei N.*a?eanaieiai aaeaeiny iaienaoe, canaiae/othoue,
ui

eiai caa?iaiiy aei ae?aiaoo?ai? aoei aei?aaaeaiei i ui c?iaeaia iei,
aac-

ia?a/ii, caneoaiao? ia oaaao iaoeo no/anieeia.

?ICAeIE 2. NOeAII*IA AOIEAIIss Ae?AIAOE*IEO OAI?IA N.*A?EANAIEA.

Caaaeueiiaiaeiii, ui aca?iinoinoiee ae?aiaoo?aa oaao?o ? aeyaii iioiei-

ai/ii coiiaeaiiai aeoaeicio. Aaeaea, iio?aieyth/e a oaao?, i’?na c
i?eai-

iaeueii? i oeieeii naiinoieii? ooaeiaeiuei? aiinoaie ianaiioioue
ia?aoai?th?oue-

ny ia ia?ainio iao?eoeth, ia aaci yei? oaao? aeoai?th? aeaniee oai?/ee

i?iaeoeo – aenoaao. Aea, iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui noeaii/ia aoieaiiy
iaaiae-

ai?ioii “iiaaeth?” naiiaeinoaoiinoue ae?aiaoo?ai/iiai oai?o, ia?aaiaey/e

eiai a ?aia “eioa?aoo?ii? iniiae”, ca anio /ania eiioeaaith iaoith oai?-

/eo coneeue ae?aiaoo?aa aoa eii. Naia eii caeeoaany oei ii?eeii, oei

aaceiii?iiiniei iiaeeeaoi?ii, yeee iai/ii canaiae/o? ieiaeiinoue oai?/eo

iaeae aaoi?a i’?ne i anaey? aiaaiaiinoue o oiio, ui ae?aiaoe/iee oai?

niiaia aeeiiaa nai? ienoaoeueea i?ecia/aiiy, noaaoe oaeoii ia oieueee
ei-

9

oa?aoo?iiai, a e oaao?aeueiiai aeeooy.

N.*a?eanaiei iaeaaeeoue aei oeo ae?aiaoo?aia, /ee oai?/ee aei?iaie on-

iioii caeieaa aei?iaoaaiiy oaao?ii. Iaeaea ani eiai ae?aiaoo?ai/ii aici?

iaee noeaii/io inoi?ith, a aeayeei c ieo noaeeeiny noaoe ni?aaaeiiie
iiaei-

yie o oaao?aeueiiio aeeooi naiai /ano. Eiai i’?ne ioi/a aenoaaeyeenue
oe-

?a?inueeeie oaao?aie i caaaeaee iaee noaaieueiee eaniaee oniio. Aii
ni?a-

aaaeeeai aaaaeaany ?aia?ooa?ii-iiioey?iei ae?aiaoo?aii. sseae ae naiai
/ano

i?iaiaeeee iiaeii nueiaiaeii ?aeoeiaiai aeineiaeaeaiiy, oi o oeueiio
aiiioaoe/-

iiio “eiieo?ni” ia?oi iinoey /ca eieueeinoth caeieniaieo iinoaiiaie/
aac-

ia?a/ii aeai?iee a ae?aia “Eacea noa?iai ieeia”, o?aaaaeiy “I?i ui oe?-

na oaeanoiea…” oa iinoeaiicaoeiy Aiaieianueeiai oai?o “No?aoia
iiinoa”.

I’?ne N.*a?eanaiea aiaaiaii oaieoee aei ?aia?ooa?o i i?ioanieieo

oaao?aeueieo eieaeoeaia, i /eneaiieo aiaoi?nueeeo ao?oeia /o ?icaeiei
ii-

aea?oueny oa?aeoa?enoeea onio aenoaa, i?i yei ? iioi?iaoeiy/, aea aiie
ia-

aoee oi?? iiaiioe anoaoe/iiai aoooy, yei? ae?aiaoo?ai/iee oai? iaaoaa?

oieueee ia noeaii. Ia aoaea ia?aaieueoaiiyi neacaoe, ui aeey aaaaoueio
aein-

oieieeia oe?a?inueei? noeaie cono?i/ c *a?eanaieiaith ae?aiaoo?ai?th
noaea

aaaeeeaith aioith o ?oiie oai?/ie aiia?aoi?.

Iineiaeiaii, e?ie ca e?ieii, i?inoaaeoth/e noeaii/io inoi?ith ae?aia-

oe/ieo aicie N.*a?eanaiea, ieiiaiei iao?aiey?o ia nai??iaeio
oaiaeaioeith:

ia?aaaaeia aieueoinoue ieooeia, yeei oi/a a iaeiiai ?aco i?ioyaii
noeaii/ii?

i?aeoeee aeiaaeinue aiae/ooe ia niai iaaith oai?/inoi ae?aiaoo?aa, ?aii
/e

iicii ciiao caa?oaeenue aei eiai ae?aiaoo?ai?. Aei oeo, eiai caoiieei
“ne-

eiaa iiea” ooaeiaeiueiai ananaioo N.*a?eanaiea, iaeaaeaoue oaei
?aaeena?nueei

iniaenoinoi, ye I.Naaeianueeee, I.Ia?’yiaiei, E.Naaiiii,
I.Naaaoianueeee,

A.?aoie?ia, I.Oiinueeee, A.Aaneeueei, E. Ni?ee /Iaicaiei/, E.Noaaeiee,

I.Aaioeaeue, I.Aeoaee/, A.Aiciyi, TH.Oa?aaie. C-iiiiae aeoi?ia, yei
a?aee o

aenoaaao ca i’?naie N.*a?eanaiea, aa?oi aeaeieeoe I.Naaeianueeiai,
I.Caiue-

eiaaoeueeo, A.Caoe?eaae/-Ea?ieinueeo, E.Eiieoeueeo, A.Ai?eniaeianueeo,
I.Ia-

?’yiaiea, N.Iaiueeianueeiai, E.?oa/aeiao, E.Eo?aana, E.Oooi?io,
I.Ei?ieue-

/oea, A.Ao/io, A.Aaneeueea, A.?iiaieoeueeiai, E.E?eaeoeueeo,
E.Eicae-Ai?eai-

nueeo, 0. Na?aethea, I.Oaeaie.

Oaeee yne?aai icia/aiee noeaii/iee oniio, cae?iieaoe ca N.*a?eanai-

eii noaoon ?aia?ooa?iiai ae?aiaoo?aa, ianaiioioue aiin inoioii ei?aeoeae

o noaaeaiiy oe?ieiai caaaeo i aei ?ai?acaioiaaiiai iei anoaoe/iiai iai-

?yieo a oeieiio. Ia nae?ao, ui ia ii/aoeo noi?i//y oae caaii “naeiiii

i’?ne” c aaeeeeie o?oaeiiuaie i?eaeeaaeeny ia oiaeioiie oe?a?inueeie
noea-

ii /ui iiynith?oueny ai?acainiith niaoeeoi/iinoth oiia ?icaeoeo
iaoeiiiaeueii?

eoeueoo?e/. Oiio, oe?ieee ?icaiein, ui aeiee iaaeiei oaao?aeueieo iinoa-

iiaie i’?n N.*a?eanaiea, canaiae/eaoe ia?aoiae i?iaeaie ooieoeiiioaaiiy

10

“iiai?” ae?aiaoo?ai? ia oe?a?inueeiio eiii ic nooi oiiaeyaeii? o
i?aeoe/-

io ieiueio, noaa iaia?aai?iei ca nai?th ia?aeiieeainoth a?aoiaioii, yeee

iai/ii ni?inoiaoaaa iioe?aiee iio i?i ai?ii?io oiiaeyaeiinoue, a aiaeoae

ianoeaii/iinoue iiaea?iinoe/ii? ae?aiaoo?ai?. Oey ae ianoaaeia, o naith
/a?ao,

noaea iiina?aaeeiaaiei noeioeii iinooiiaeo, aea oeieeii eiie?aoieo i
aiae-

/ooieo ciii o ?aia?ooa?iie iieioeoei oe?a?inueeeo o?oi.

Ia?aci /ye oea ia ia?aaeienaeueii i?icao/eoue/, o?aaa cacia/eoe, ui

eieueeinii-aiae/ooia caieueoaiiy a ooaeiaeiie i?aeoeoei iaoeiiiaeueiiai
oaao?o

aenoaa, caeieniaieo ca i”?naie, inay/aieie ?aoi?iaoi?nueeith
anoaoe/iiai

aia?ai?th, aeeeeeaei o N.*a?eanaiea, ye aeania i o eiai oai?/eo iaeii-

aeoioeia, na?eicii caiaiiei?iiy. Ni?aaa a oiio, ui ?aaii i?ith/e aa/eoe

?iaeio eoeueoo?o ?iaiii?aaiith neeaaeiaith caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeiai
ienoaoeueei-

ai i?ioeano, aii ia aoa noeeueiei iaaeiioeiithaaoe ?aaeueii inioth/i a
oaao-

?aeueiie i?aeoeoei i?iaeaie. Iath/e aeinaiae iinoaiiaie aeanieo
ae?aiaoe/-

ieo oai?ia /aieueoinoue c yeeo aii iaa iiaeeeainoue aa/eoe/, *a?eanaiei

aeia?a onaiaeiiethaaa, ui iiyaa ia aoioi iiai? iacae ua ia aoea aa?aioii

ciii o iiaeoiaeao aei noeaii/iiai ae?ioaiiy ae?aiaoe/iiai iaoa?iaeo. A
aiae-

oae, aeciath/e i?ia?aneaiei nai oaeo iiyae a ?aia?ooa?i i”?n, yei, ?ic-

noaath/e anoaoe/ii-oieinionueei i oaiaoe/ii ?aiee, aeaaaee oaao?ai
iiaeee-

ainoue “iaeieoe aiae ?ooeiieo ieaii?iaie”, ia iia cae?eaaoe i/i ia oa,
ui

anoaoeea cia/ii? /anoee oaeeo aenoaa aiaeaa?oi noia?a/eoue oie iaea? ca-

?aaee yei? aii ?aaii i?aoethaaa o oea?eii ae?aiaoo?ai?.

Aiai?y/e oea, ca?aaee ni?aaaaeeeainoi o?aaa, iaeiae, ooi/ieoe, ui ie-

?aiei aeoi?nueeei iniaenoinoyi, caaaeyee nai??iaeiinoi ?o ineoioice/ieo

aeaieo, oaeaaaeinue-oaee caeieaoe aa?’??e inioth/eo ooaiiia i
iaaeeceoenue

o ae?ioaiii ?iei aei iiaea?iinoe/ii? iiaeaei naioiii/oaaiiy. Nei?enoaa-

oenue oeie iiaeeeainoyie, yei uaae?i iaaeaaaea ?i “iiaa” ae?aiaoo?aiy
/?a-

i?acaioiaaia, cie?aia, i’?naie N.*a?eanaiea, yeee, iaaaaea?ii, iaaac-

iiaenoaaii aaaaeaany ia ii/aoeo noi?i//y ?aia?ooa?ii-iiioey?iei ae?aia-

oo?aii/, aiie caiiacyoi aeaiiino?oaaee iacae/ii aeey oiaeioiuei? oe?a?i-

nueei? noeaie iiaeoiaee aei ae?ioaiiy ?ieae, aeaniei i?eeeaaeii
canaiae/oth/e

i?eioeeiiao iiaeeeainoue aaeaeaaoiiai noeaii/iiai i?i/eoaiiy oae caaieo

“naeiiieo i’?n”. Oiio, oi/ oaei “i?i?eae” aeaeyaeaee ia oei “nieiaeoeo”,

eiei?eoieo ia?acia, noai?aieo ?o ia?oia?aie ye cooaaei ino?iaoei o aac-

iaaeiiio ieaaii noa?aioeiia, aei?aoeueiaaieo oe?a?inueeith noeaiith,
aoei a

iani?aaaaeeeai iaaeiioeiithaaoe ?o cia/ouinoue c oi/ee ci?o
aeooaeicaoei?

i?iaeaie iiiaeaiiy anoaoe/ieo canaae aeeiiaanueei? iaenoa?iinoi.

Oaeei /eiii, icia/ath/e nooiinii ia?aiao?e iiaoooaaiiy oai?/inoi

*a?eanaiea-ae?aiaoo?aa a eiioaenoi oaao?aeueieo ooeaiue eiai inoi?eei-

eoeueoo?ii? aeiae, aei?a/ii aoaea iiaee?aneeoe, ui iii?e onth
neeaaeiinoue i

11

iaiaeiicia/iinoue noinoieia ieooey c no/aniei eiio Oaao?ii, naia eiai

ae?aiaoo?ai? noaeeeiny noaoe iaeiei c oeo aecia/aeueieo /eiieeia, yei
c?a-

ooith aeicaieeee iiaea?iinoe/ii e anoaoeoei ?aaeueii “aoi?aiooenue” o
noa?o

oaao?aeueii? i?aeoeee, aeiaeaaoe ?e iiaee iiioeuen i caaaaoeaoe iiiyooy
i

iaae/ee. Ia oiniaeaoe ?aaiethoeieii-ea?aeeiaeueieo ia?aoai?aiue canaae
aeei-

iaanueeiai ienoaoeoaa, noeaii/ia aoooy *a?eanaieiaeo i’?n ai/aaeaeue
noaei

oi/eith aiaeeieo yeinieo /oi/, iiaeeeai, i iaeiiiiioieo aeey no/anieeia/

ciii o iianyeaeaiiie noeaii/iie i?aeoeoei. Aeeiioth/e caaaa/aia aeieath
i?e-

cia/aiiy, ae?aiaoe/ii aici? *a?eanaiea iiniieue ni?eyee “eaaaeicaoei?”

ia oe?a?inueeiio eiii iiai? noeaii/ii? anoaoeee, ui ?iaeei eiai ienoaoe-

oai caoaeeeai-aeooaeueiei noiniaii caieoia i iiioeuenia /ano, o yeiio

aii aeea i aeoiaey/e c iio?aa yeiai oai?ea.

?acii c oei, iaeyaeath/e c /aniai? aeenoaioei? eioiien noeaii/ieo aoi-

eaiue *a?eanaieiai? ae?aiaoo?ai?, ia iiaeia ia iiiioeoe, ui iioa?an
oe?a-

?inueeiai oaao?o aei i’?n, yei, ua ?ac iaaieineii, noai?thaaeenue o
oeieeii

eiie?aoieo nioeiieoeueoo?ieo oiiaao i aoee aaciina?aaeiii aiaeaoeii
aaoi?a

ia no/anii eiio oaao?aeueii ooeaiiy, ia iaiaaeo?oueny yeeienue /aniaeie
/e

aaia?aoi/ieie ?aieaie. /Oeieaai, aei ?a/i, ui “caii?oeith” noeaii/ii?
aeeo-

o?caeaoiinoi ae?ai ieooey, c?aooith, noaee naia oi anoaoe/ii ia?aiao?e
eiai

oai?/inoi, yei canaiae/oaaee noaieiniinoue cai?iiiiiaaii? iei
ooaeiaeiuei?

i?ia?aie iniiaiei ?aoi?iioai?/ei oaiaeaioeiyi nai?? eoeueoo?ii? aiioe/.

Oaao?aeueia aeiey, iaia/a ae?ioeaoe eiiiainoaaoe ani iioi aeeoo?ai iaaa-

?acaee, uaae?i iaaea?oaaea ae?aiaoe/ii aeianoee *a?eanaiea aeiaaei, oi/
i

ia aaci?iaeaiiei, aoooyi ia oe?a?inueeiio eiii.

Noeaii/ia inoi?iy i’?n N. *a?eanaiea yeiiiaa i?aaeiaoiioa iethno?o?

caeaaeiinoue oai?o ienoaoeoaa ye aiae ia’aeoeaieo, coiiaeaieo
naii?aaoey-

oeaieie i?ioeanaie eoeueoo?ii? eiinoaioe, oae i noa’?eoeaieo, iicaanoa-

oe/ieo ca nai?i oa?aeoa?ii /eiieeia. Aea, iacaaaeath/e ia aia?aieia ia-

?aaeoeaiooaaiiy ia?aaeeaiaoe/ieo i?i?ioe?ia anoaoe/iiai naiiaeyaeaiiy,

aeeeeeaia eaeaeaeineiiii noniieueii-iieioe/ieo ciii ia oa?aiao Oe?a?ie,

i’?ne *a?eanaiea i?iaeiaaeoaaee aeoeaii ooieoeiiioaaoe a oe?a?inueeiio

oaao?aeueii-ienoaoeueeiio i?inoi?i, yeee aeeth/aa ye oaao?e, ui
i?aoethaaee

a O?N? 20-o ?ieia, oae i eieaeoeae, ooai?aii caoiaeaie oe?a?inueeeo ieo-

oeia ia caoiaeiioe?a?inueeeo caieyo o 20-30 ?ieao, a oaeiae ia
oe?a?inueeie

oa?eoi?i?, ieoiiaaiie iiiaoeueeeie aienueeaie o 1941-1944 ??., i a
aeian-

ii?i /aea iieiee ia caaoaaee i?i N. *a?eanaiea i aea, ye oea ia i?ee?i
aec-

iaaaoe, oeaico?ii oiiae, aoee e?aueie iiae ia oco?iiaaiie ?aaeyinueeith
aea-

aeith aaoueeiaueii/. ?ao?iniaeoeiy inoi?i? noeaii/ieo aoieaiue
ae?aiaoe/ieo

oai?ia N.*a?eanaiea aeinoioii canaiae/o?, ui iinoaiiaee Eiai i’?n, caa-

ia?iaaii oai?/ith aia?ai?th ianooiieo ienoaoeueeeo iieieiiue, ia
ao?aoeee

12

caeaoiinoi aeeeeeaoe ooaeiaeiie ?aciiain i iica nai?i /anii.

O i?aaioi oeueiai oaa?aeaeaiiy ia?aeiio? i nueiaiaeiioiie aeinaiae
iaoeii-

iaeueiiai oaao?o. Aaeaea noaaoe oaeoii nueiai/aniiai oaao?aeueiiai
aoooy,

iinoaiiaee i’an, noai?aieo ae?aiaoo?aii ua ia naioaieo iaoiai aieo, ae-

yaeeenue oeieaaeie i no/aniiio oaao?iai, i no/aniiio aeyaea/aai.
I?e/iio,

ye ae?acii canaiae/eea o /eneaiieo aiaeaoeao ia oei aenoaae e?eoeea,
oei-

eaaeie ia oieueee i ia noieueee ye nooi eioa?aoo?ii-iaii?iaeueia iai’yo-

ea nai?? eoeueoo?ii? aiioe, a ianaiia?aae ye nai??iaeia ooaeiaeiy
iiaeaeue,

yea aeiiiiaaa? aieueo “ia’?iii” inieneeoe o?eaiae i i?aaiaiiy eiioey XX

noi?i//y. Oaeei /eiii, cai?iiiiiaaii iai nueiaiaeii, a /an aeoeaiiai ia-

?ainieneaiiy oe?a?inoaii nai?? aeooiaii? aaiaaeiai?, noeaii/ii i?i/eoai-

iy ae?aiaoo?ai? N.*a?eanaiea /oi/ i ia oaei /enaeueii, ye o ieioeiio/,

ia i?inoi iiiiiaeueia i?iaeiaaeeee “anoaoaoo” noeaii/ieo aoieaiue eiai
i’?n,

a e ia?aeiieeai aeiaaee, ui cai?iiiiiaaia ieooeai eiioeaioeiy
ooaeiaeiueiai

aa/aiiy naioo, iii?e oaanue iaa?iiaaeaeaiee ethaenueeith niieueiioith
inoi?e/-

iee i anoaoe/iee aeinaiae, ia ao?aoeea aii nai?? ooaeiaeiuei?
i?eiaaeiinoi,

aii anoaoeei-noaanoeaii? caoaeeeainoi. A ioaea, oea aea? ani iiaenoaae
ni?i-

aiicoaaoe, ui aienaia a iao /an aei inoi?i? Oaao?o Nie?eaeiia *a?eanaiea

noi?iiea ia noaia caaa?oaeueiith.

?ICAeIE 3. N.*A?EANAIEI – OAAO?AEUeIEE E?EOEE. O cia/iie ca ianyaii

ioaeioeenoe/iie niaaeueii N.*a?eanaiea, yeee ia ii/aoeo noi?i//y aeoeaii

niiai?aoethaaa iaeaea c oniia aiaeiieie ia oie /an oe?a?iiiiaieie ia?ii-

aee/ieie aeaeaiiyie, eiai oaao?aeueii-e?eoe/ii noaooi i ?aoeaici?
noaiia-

eyoue ne?iiio /o eieueeiniiio ae?aaeaiii/, aea i?aaii/io neeaaeiao
/anoeio.

Ia?oa, ui caa?oa? ia naaa oaaao a oaao?aeueii-e?eoe/ieo aeiienao

*a?eanaiea – oea iaaecae/aeia aeni?aneaiinoue i ia?aciinoue aeneiao.
Oaen-

oe eiai ?aoeaicie ianoieueee aiioeieii caaa?aeaii, noeeue ?o ianoieueee
ii-

aeeaiaeoaeueiee, ui ieiiaiei ii/eia?o ni?eeiaoe ?o ia oieueee ye c?acee

ioaeioeenoeee, a e, aei iaaii? ii?e, ye i?iaeiaaeaiiy eiai ooaeiaeiuei?
oai?-

/inoi. Aiaeii/an oey nai??iaeia ?ena, yea, aacia?a/ii, iaaea? oai?/iio
ii-

/a?eo e?eoeea iiaeeaiaeoaeueiiai oa?io, ia icia/a? aiaenooiinoi /ioei
noi?-

ioeueiaaii? iiceoei? aaoi?a uiaei ?icaeaaeoaaieo iei oaeoia oaao?aeueii-

ienoaoeueei? aeieniinoi.

A iniiai eiai e?eoe/ieo noaeaeaiue i?i oaao? eaaeeoue iaeay i?i aeiei-

ia/io iio?aao o ?aoi?ioaaiii oe?a?inueei? noeaie. Iineiaeiaii i iaiieaa-

eeai, i?ioyaii oni?? nai?? ?aoeaicaionueei? i?aeoeee, *a?eanaiei-e?eoee

iaiaaaany ooaa?aeeoe a noniieueiie naiaeiiinoi aeoieo i?i iaiaoiaeiinoue

iiiaeaiiy inioth/i? nenoaie oaao?aeueieo iaeae. Ioeiithth/e eiie?aoii
iiaei?

i i?iaeaie ienoaoeueeiai aeeooy, aii aeio?eioaaany iniiaiiai e?eoa?ith:

yeui aeineiaeaeoaaia yaeua, c eiai oi/ee ci?o, oi/ ia e?ie i?inoaa?
oaao?

I3

o iai?yii ?a?iiaenueeeo ienoaoeueeeo noaiaea?oia, aiii caneoaiao? ia
eiai

iiaeo?eieo; yeui ae ii – iiaeeyaa? e?eoeoei.

Cia/io /anoeo nai?o e?eoe/ieo ioaeieaoeie *a?eanaiei i?enayoea

aiaeiciai noaio iaeii?? c aecia/aeueieo neeaaeiaeo oaao?aeueiiai
i?ioeano –

ae?aiaoo?ai?. Naia iiiaeaiiy ?aia?ooa?o, ia eiai ia?aeiiaiiy, iiaeiii

aoei noaoe oei ia?aeiiei iiioeuenii, yeee caeaoai noeioethaaoe inai?iiy

oe?a?inueeei oaao?ii iiai?, ye ia naie /an, noeaii/ii? anoaoeee.

?aoeaicoth/e ia?aaaaeii no/anio ae?aiaoe/io i?iaeoeoeith, *a?eanaiei
iiae-

e?aneaii aioa? i?aaiaiiy aaoi?ia ae?aaoenue ca ?aiee nieuenueei?, “oeii-

nueei?” oaiaoeee, aaeaea iiyaa ia oe?a?inueeie noeaii iiaeo aa?i?a i
i?e-

aiiaeueieo eieicie, ianaiioioue i?eioneoue i aeeiiaaoeia, i aeyaea/ia
iic-

aaaeyoenue iai?aoeueiaaieo noa?aioeiia. Eiio iiiiiothoue i’?ne c
iayaiinoth

ineoieiai/iiai aiioeaoaaiiy a/eieia aa?i?a, c yne?aai i?ie?aneaiith

ae?aiaoe/iith aei?th, iaienaii eioa?aoo?iith iiaith, ia ia?aiaoyaeaii
aoiia-

?aoi/ii-iiaooiaeie iioa?iaaeiyie, aac aeaoaaeo “ciaiioiio aoaeoia” ia

eooaeo aieiniiiy, ?icaieie oa aeooiaoanoa.

C ?aoeaicie N.*a?eanaiea ia aenoaae oe?a?inueeeo oaao?ia, noeaii/ia

i?aeoeea yeeo caaaeaee caeeoaeanue iniiaiei ia’?eoii oaaae e?eoeea,
aeae-

ii, ui aii iaa cia/iee aeyaeaoeueeee aaaaae. Iaa?oioiaoth/e nai? ioeiiee

“oaao?aeueieo iinoaiiaie”, aii /anoi i uaae?i ei?enoo?oueny ii?iaiyiiyie

i aiaeiaiyie. Ca eaaeinoth i aeaaaioiinoth, c yeith aii ia?aeiua?
iinoi/-

ee aiae aeeiiaaoey aei aeeiiaaoey, aiae iaeiiai oaao?aeueiiai eieaeoeao
aei

iioiai, aiae/oaa?oueny, ui aii aeia?a i?i?ioo?oueny o no/aniie eiio
oaao-

?aeueiie neooaoei?. O oie aea /an, ocaaaeueithth/e ?aoeaicaionueeee
aeinaiae

N.*a?eanaiea, aeioiaeeo aeniiaeo, ui ?iciei /anoeiai noeaii/iiai
aeienoaa

aii i?eaeiey? aeaeaei ia iaeiaeiao oaaao.

Oae, c eiai ioaeieaoeie aaaeei c?icoiioe, yea aoiinoa?a iaioaaea

ia noeaii iiae /an oi?? /e iioi? aenoaae. Aaniethoii aiaenooiie i iien

iicainoeai. Iiiaei caaaeoth/e i?i ooaeiaei? /e ioce/ia ioi?ieaiiy
aenoaae,

aii iaiaaeo?oueny iaeiicia/ieie ioeiieaie. Ia cono?i/athoueny a eiai
?aoeai-

ciyo caaaeee i?i yeonue aaaeeeao aeaoaeue ?aeaiceoo /e oaao?aeueiiai
einothia.

Aeaui aieueoa oaaae i?eaeieaii ?aaeeno?i. Na?aae “aeinyaiaiue”
?aaeeAna?a

N. *a?eanaiei aeie?aieth? aiiiiy aaeaei ?iciiaeieeoe iiae aeeiiaaoeyie
?iei,

noai?aiiy i?aaaeiiiaeiaieo i a?aaeath/eo oyao aeyaea/a ianiaeo noeai, a
oa-

eiae oai?/a aca?ii?icoiiiiy i cao?oiaaiinoue aeoi?nueeiai ainaiaeth.
E?ii

oiai, aii aecia/aa ca ?aaeena?ii i?aai “aiae?aaeaaoaaoe” oaeno i’?ne,
nei-

?ioeaoe aeiaaioe i aeiaeaaoe, oaeei /eiii, aenoaai aeeiaii/iinoi.

Oeieaai, ui caaaeoth/e a ?aoeaiciyo i?i ?aaeena?ia, *a?eanaiei iieiee

ia iaceaa? eiie?aoieo i?icaeu. A eiai noaooyo ?aaeeno?a iineoue aiiiii-

iee, aai, oae ae iiaeoe, ciainiaeaiee oa?aeoa?, ui iiynith?oueny nei?io

14

ca ana oei, ui a naiaeioeoai *a?eanaiea, ye i o aieueoinoi eiai eieaa,

oniio /e iaoniio aenoaae ia iia’ycoaaany c yeeiinue iaeiei eiie?aoiei

ii’yi.

Iniiaio aiaeiiaiaeaeueiinoue ca oniio /e i?iaae aenoaae *a?eanaiei

iieeaaea? ia aeoi?a. Eiai ?aoeaici? /aei ?a/i, caeaaieueoiai i?enay/aii
ae-

oi?nueeei aaiaoinai/ iinoyoue nai??iaeii aaea?a? aeoi?nueeeo ii?o?aoia.

Nai??iaeiinoue aea iieyaa? a oiio, ui oei ii?o?aoe aii noai?th? ca
aeiiiii-

aith anueiai eeoa eieueeio aiioaoia. Ia aeath/e ?icai?iooiai aiaeico
aeoi?-

nueeeo ?iaio, aii ca aeiiiiiaith yne?aaeo oo?eoia, aeoiieaieo aeaoaeae,

aeiiaaa?oueny aeo/ii? i oi/ii? oa?aeoa?eeee.

Aiaeicoth/e aeoi?nueeo oai?/inoue, *a?eanaiei-e?eoee iaciiiii caa?-

oa? oaaao ia caeaoiinoue aeoi?a aiaeoai?eoe ia noeaii ia oieueee
ciaiioith

eaiao ?iei, a e aeiiiaoeny noai?aiiy iiaiie?iaiiai ineoieiai/iiai
iaethi-

ea ia?aco. Aii oeiio? a aeoi?nueeiio aeeiiaiii ue?inoue, ae?aciinoue,
ia-

?aeiieeainoue noai?aiiai ia?aco, eaeiii/iinoue o aeei?enoaiii noeaii/ieo

caniaia ae?aciinoi, aeaaaeaiinoue i aeai?aiinoue eiaeiiai aeanoo i ?ooo.

Aei aeoi?ia, yei iaeiaeiai aiaaiaii ii/oaaee naaa a ?ieyo /e oi

“iiaooiaiai”, /e oi ineoieiai/iiai, /e iaaioue oiiaiiai oa?aeoa?o, aii

ca?aoiaoaaa ianaiia?aae I.Ia?’yiaiea i E.Eiieoeueeo, yei iiaeei?yee eiai

naiinoieiinoth ooaeiaeiueiai ieneaiiy i aio/einoth naiai oenoo, a oaeiae

caeaoiinoth iinoieii naiiaaeineiiaethaaoenue, ?o i?aaiaiiy aei oi/ii? i
?a-

oaeueii? ia?iaee ineoieiai/ieo aeaoaeae, aeaaeeeaa noaaeaiiy aei
noai?ai-

iy ia noeaii aiaeiiaiaeiiai iano?ith, N. *a?eanaiei ?icaeyaeaa ye
caii?oeo

iiaeeeaeo ciii o iaoeiiiaeueiiio oaao?aeueiiio ienoaoeoai, ia yei aii,
ye

i ani i?ia?aneaii ieney/i oe?a?inueei aeiy/i, iieeaaeaa iniaeeai iaaei?.

Ia ?ac iieiyeanue o oeaio?i oaaae *a?eanaiea-e?eoeea i iaaecae/aeii

aeooaeueia ia oie /an i?iaeaia aeyaea/a. Onaiaeiiethth/e onth
neeaaeiinoue i

iaiaeiicia/iinoue inioth/i? neooaoei?, *a?eanaiei ia iaiaaa?oueny
cai?iii-

ioaaoe yeanue i?inoa /e ?aaeeeaeueia ?ioaiiy oei?? aieinii? i?iaeaie. C

iaeiiai aieo, iienoth/e ioaeieo, aeaaeiaio aei aacaeoiieo aeaeiaeu, aii,
aa-

?o/e ia ica?i?iiy na?eaci, ia oeiaeo? ?iceeo i iaaioue iiaeaeoaee aac
ia-

?aaieueoaiiy aacaeaeueieo oa?a. Aiaeii/an, canoaeaeoth/e i?eiioeaici
aeooiaieo

iio?aa ?icaauaiiai no?iaaoiei ienoaoeoaii /enaeueieo
“?onnei-iaei?onneeo”

o?oi iaoiaio, N. *a?eanaiei caoaaaeo?, ui “eoeueoo?ia ioaeiea” ia c’yae-

oueny naia ii niai, ui ?? o?aaa iaiieaaeeai i oa?iey/a aeoiaoaaoe. A

caeiaoenue oeei ia? nai oaao?. Oea caaaeaiiy, ia ia?aeiiaiiy *a?eanaiea,

eiio ye?ac ii neeao. Aaeaea ?iaaiue aieeao ni?aaaeiueiai “aenieiai
ienoaoe-

oaa” aaaeei ia?aioeiieoe.

Oa?aeoa?iith iciaeith oai?/iai ii/a?eo *a?eanaiea-e?eoeea ai/aaeaeue

aoea eiai iineiaeiaia aeoeaia iiceoeiy uiaei ?icaeyaeoaaieo yaeu i i?ia-

15

eai oaao?aeueiiai aeeooy. Aeia?a onaiaeiiethth/e, ui i/ieoaaii ciiie ia
e?a-

ua ia ianoaiooue naii ii niai, aii iaiaaa?oueny a ii?o aeanieo nee i ii-

aeeeainoae “iiaeooiaoiooe” ?icaeoie i?ioeano o aaaeaiiio iai?yii. O eiai

e?eoe/ieo aeiienao iianye/an i?inoaaeo?oueny aaaeaiiy iiaeeacaoe,
canoa?aa-

oe aiae iiieeee, iaaeeoiooe, caioioeoe. ?acii c oei, ?icei iieaiicoth/e

c oeie, ooi ia aaaea? aa/eoe ia?niaeoea ?icaeoeo oaao?aeueiiai ienoaoeo-

aa acaaaei i oe?a?inueei? ae?aiaoo?ai? cie?aia, N.*a?eanaiei iieiee ia

caeaa?oueny ia iia/aeueiee, aacaiaeyoeieiee oii. Eiai ?aoeaici? iaciiiii

caeeoathoue aiae/oooy iaiiae?iaii? caoeieaaeaiinoi aaoi?a o iiaeiyoeo
iei

i?iaeaiao, ui caeaee ?ac canaiae/o? ue?a i iaiiae?iaia aaaeaiiy e?eoeea

aa/eoe ?iaeio noeaio a iaeiiio ?yaeo c e?aueie ?a?iiaenueeeie oaao?aie.

AENIIAEE. Ioiiethth/e iiaeyaeii c?iaeaia N.*a?eanaieii i?ioyaii iaii-

aieo /ioe?ueio aeanyoeia ?ieia, iiaeia eeoa iiaeeaoaaoenue eiai
i?aoeueiaeoi-

noi, caiiacyoinoi i i?aeoe/ii iaae/a?iiie oai?/ie aia?ai?. I?eeoiaoe

a ae?aiaoo?aith ia ceaii anoaoe/ieo aiio, aii, ue?i ia?aeiyaoenue
iaea?th

“?a?iia?caoei?” iaoeiiiaeueiiai ienoaoeoaa, iaiaaaany aianoe naie
iineeue-

iee aeeaae o i?ioean iiiaeaiiy ooaeiaeiueiai ieneaiiy, ui aeyaeeinue o
iaii-

eaaeeaiio i oeieani?yiiaaiiio ?icnoaaiii anoaoeei-noeeueiaeo ia?i?a.

Aiaeae iiaiaeia ciaeiinoai c eiai ae?aiaoo?ai/iei aei?iaeii ia?aei-

io?, ui i?iieeiaiiy a aaoi?nueeee caaeoi iaiiaeeeaa aac a?aooaaiiy
o?ain-

oeaaeaioiiai, ia coiiaeaiiai iianyeaeaiiei aeinaiaeii, inyaiaiiy
?icaeyaeoaa-

ieo yaeu i i?iaeai. Iiaeiiny/enue iaae iioi/iei iiiaioii inoi?i?, N.*a?-

eanaiei, ye i eiaeai ni?aaaeiie ieoaoeue, aino?i aiae/oaaa ?? ?oo ia
cia/-

ieo /aniaeo aiaenoaiyo i iaiaaaany cace?iooe o “iiaeoaeno” iiaeie,
aeiae-

oe ca”ycee iiae ?iciiieaiieie i aiaeaeaeaieie iaeia aiae iaeiiai o /ani
i i?i-

noi?i yaeuaie, uia cia?aaeath/e aeeooy, aiaeoai?eoe ii?yae c
aaciina?aaeiuei

aiae/ooieie eiai iciaeaie i yaeoea “iioaioeieii? aeieniinoi”. Iioeie
neiaa-

ie, aii ia noieueee oienoaaa aeieniinoue, neieueee iiaeaethaaa ??
iiaeeeai

i?iyae, i?aaio/e aeyaeoe naio nooiinoue i?ioeania, aeaieueieaoe ?oith
aia?-

aith c-iiae iai?iieeii? aeey ia?ani/iiai iiaeyaeo aiii?e/ii? iaieiiee.

Aaaaoicia/ia, a ?icii noi?iie ?icaaeoaeaia ia?aciinoue, ui aeeth/a?

a naaa iaeiiaioi aeey nai?? eoeueoo?ii? aeiae caniae ae?aciinoi i
iioiei-

aith oieueeei?o, ?ice?eoa, iaeaea i?inoiaeooia, iiaoe/ia iioiiaoeiy i
a?a-

aeath/i oyao nai?th anaioiiiinoth nioeiieoeueoo?ii i inoi?e/ii ?aaei?,
?ia-

eyoue ienoaoeoai *a?eanaiea-ae?aiaoo?aa caoaeeeai-aeooaeueiei ia oieueee
aeey

iaiaaeaiiai i?iiiaeeo /ano, a e o oe?ieie inoi?e/iie ia?niaeoeai.

Ooaeiaeiie naio, noai?aiee N.*a?eanaieii, iii?e ani ?icaiaeiinoi

iaeaeii-ooaeiaeiio caaaeaiue, yeei aiaeiiaiaeathoue eiai ie?aii oai?e,
aiaecia-

/a?oueny, ianaiia?aae, iayaiinoth iaaiiai iiaeeaiaeoaeueiiai ia/aea i
aiaeii-

/an ? naiae/aiiyi ieiaeiinoi i?aaiaiue ni?inooaaoe iio i?i “aaiaoe/io”

16

iaiaaeaiinoue iaoeiiiaeueii? ae?aiaoo?ai?. Iaeiae, aeieath/e naie
ienueiaiieoeue-

eee oeyo, *a?eanaiei-ae?aiaoo?a i?aaioa ia oieueee aeaniiai ia’?eoeaiiai

“i?i/eoaiiy” naioo, a e aeiiaaaany ooaa?aeaeaiiy a noniieueiie
naiaeiiinoi

ai?ii?iiai i?aaa oai?/i? iniaenoinoi ia naiiaooith, iieei i ii/ei ia

?aaeaiaioiaaio iaia?o ienueia.

Oaeei /eiii, oaaaeia i?i/eoaiiy oai?/inoi *a?eanaiea, eiai iiaey-

aeia ia oaao? i eiai i?aeoe/ii? aeiyeueiinoi a oaao?i a eii?aeeiaoao
iaoeii-

iaeueiiai eoeueoo?iiai i?ioeano ia?oi? o?aoeie noieiooy aeicaiey? ia
oieue-

ee aieueo iiaii ie?aneeoe “ii?o?aoia” iaiiaiaiiy oei?? iaiaeiicia/ii? i

ao?oeeai? ienoaoeueei? aeiae, a e /ioeioa aenaioeth? i?iaeaio
noaiiaeaiiy

a iaoeiiiaeueiie anoaoeei-eoeueoo?iie ia?aaeeaii oaeiai i?eiioiiai
ana?a-

?iiaenueeiai yaeua, ye iiaea?iici.

Iniiaii iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoei? aiaeaeoi a oaeeo ioaeieaoeiyo:

1. Eenoe Nie?eaeiia *a?eanaiea aei Ieeiee Ai?iiiai: [Ia?aaeiiaa, ioaei-

eaoeiy i eiiaioa?i O.AEeoeueei?] // No/aniinoue.- 1993.- ? 5
(o?aaaiue) .-

N. 146-155.- (Niaaeueia).

2. C aiinoiey?i? N. *a?eanaiea: [Aei inoi?i? iaienaiiy o?aaaaei? “I?i ui

oe?na oaeanoiea…”] // Ee?anueea noa?iaeia.- 1996.- ? 2-3 (aa?a-

caiue-eaioaiue).- N. 100-104.

3. E.Eo?aan i N.*a?eanaiei // Oe?a?inueeee oaao?.- 1997.- ? 6.- N.20-21.

4. Iaeaea eaceiaa inoi?iy ae?aiaoe/ii? eacee // Aio/ecia.- 1998.-

?3-4.- N. 131-135.

5. Ciaoiaeee ia ocai//i iai”yoi: (Ae?aiaoo?ai/ia oai?/inoue Nie?eaeiia

*a?eanaiea a ioeiioei no/anieeia) // Ee?a.- 1998.- ? 7-8.- N.
146-150.

6. Ae?aiaoo?aiy Nie?eaeiia *a?eanaiea ia noeaii ia?iaeiiai oaao?o //

Ia?iaeia oai?/inoue oa aoiia?aoiy.- 1998.- ? 4.- N. 74-78.

17

AEeoeueea O. Nie?eaeii *a?eanaiei i oaao?.- ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoeiy ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa ienoaoeoaiciaa-

noaa ca niaoeiaeueiinoth 17.00.0^ “Oaao?aeueia ienoaoeoai”.- Iinoeooo
ien-

oaoeoaiciaanoaa, oieueeei?enoeee oa aoiieiai? ii. I.O.?eeuenueeiai IAI
Oe-

?a?ie.- Ee?a, 1998.

Aeena?oaoeiy ? ia?oith ni?iaith eiiieaenii inieneeoe, i?iaiaeicoaaoe

i nenoaiaoecoaaoe oai?/ee iaaooie N.*a?eanaiea /1876-1940/, ii’y yeiai

ai?iaeiaae o?eaaeiai /ano aoei aeeo/aii ic ienoaoeueeiai i iaoeiaiai
iaiao.

Iniiaia oaaaa i?eaeieaia aeineiaeaeaiith oaeeo aniaeoia: aecia/aiith
anoaoe-

/ieo canaae ae?aiaoo?ai? N.*a?eanaiea, aiaeiciai noeaii/ieo aoieaiue
eiai

i’?n i ?icaeyaeo caeiaooeia *a?eanaiea-e?eoeea. E?ii oiai, i?eiaaiaeii
ia-

aiaeeoueny ooi/iaia i ocaaaeueiaia o?iiiea aeeoo?ieno N.*a?eanaiea.
Oaeei

/eiii, oea aeineiaeaeaiiy, caiiaithth/e iaeio c /eneaiieo “i?iaaeei” a
inoi-

?i? iaoeiiiaeueii? eoeueoo?e, ciiaea i?eneoaeeoenue i?e iaienaiii yeinii
ii-

ai? inoi?i? oe?a?inueeiai ienoaoeoaa, iio?aaa o yeie nueiaiaeii
iaaecae/ae-

ii aeniea.

Eeth/iai neiaa: oe?a?inueea ae?aiaoo?aiy, noeaii/ia aoieaiiy, oaao-

?aeueia e?eoeea.

AEeoeeay O. Nie?aaeii *a?eanaiei e oaao?.- ?oeiienue.

Aeecna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa eneonnoaiaaaea-

aeaiey ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 17.00.02 “Oaao?aeueiia eneonnoai”.- Einoeooo
en-

eonnoaiaaaeaiey, oieueeei?enoeee e yoiieiaee ei. I.O.?ueueneiai IAI
Oe?a-

eii.- Eeaa, 1998.

Aeecna?oaoeey yaeyaony ia?aie iiieoeie eiiieaenii inieneeoue, i?iaia-

eece?iaaoue e nenoaiaoece?iaaoue oai?/anoai N. *a?eanaiei /1876-1940/,

eiy eioi?iai ia i?ioyaeaiee aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie aiei ecueyoi ec
ooaeiaea-

noaaiiiai e iao/iiai ia?auaiey. Iniiaiia aieiaiea oaeaeaii
enneaaeiaaieth

oaeeo aniaeoia: ii?aaeaeaieth ynoaoe/aneeo iniia ae?aiaoo?aee N.
*a?eanai-

ei, aiaeeco noeaie/aneeo aiieiuaiee aai iuean e ?anniio?aieth
aeinoeaeaiee

*a?eanaiei-e?eoeea. E?iia oiai, i?eaiaeeony ooi/iaiiay e iaiaoaiiay

o?iieea aeeciaiienaiey N. *a?eanaiei. Oaeei ia?acii, aeaiiia enneaaeiaa-

iea, caiieiyy iaeei ec “i?iaaeia” a enoi?ee iaoeeiiaeueiie eoeueoo?e,
nii-

aeao aeoue iieaciui i?e iaienaiee ea/anoaaiii iiaie enoi?ee oe?aeineiai

eneonnoaa, iio?aaiinoue a eioi?ie naaiaeiy iaiau/aeii ainiea.

Eeth/aaia neiaa: oe?aeineay ae?aiaoo?aey, noeaie/aneia aiieiuaiea,
oaao?aeueiay e?eoeea.
18

T.Zhytska. Spyrydon Cherkasenko and theatre.- Manuscript.

Thesis fir reseiving of Master’s degree in art-criticism in the

field 17.00.02 of “The art of the theatre”.- Institute of art-criti-

cism, folk-lore and ethnography by M.T.Rylsky of NAS of Ukraine.-

Kyev, 1998.

Thesis is the first attempt to comprehend, analise and sustema-

tize the creative work of S.Cherkasenko /1876-1940/, whose name for

a long period of time was withdran from the art and scientific use.

The principle attention is given to the exemination of such aspects:

determination of aesthetic basis of dramaturgy of Cherkasenko, analy-

sis of dramatic realization of his plays and examination of the achi-

evements of Cherkasenko as a critic. Besides, there is given the de-

tailed and generalized biography chronicle of S.Cherkasenko. And so,

this investigation, filling up one of the “gaps” in the histiry of

national culture, may be useful when writing the really new history

of Ukrainian art, nesessity in which is very high today.

Key words: Ukrainian dramaturgy, dramatic realization, theatre

criticism.

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