E?einueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao
EAA*AIEI Aieiaeeie? Ieeieaeiae/
OAeE 333.79; 664.8
Noaa?e?caoe?y oa iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie
aeiiii?ee iai/?aieoeoaa
(ia i?eeeaae? eieaeoeaieo n?eueainii?aei?e?inoa E?eio)
Niaoe?aeuei?noue — 08.07. 02
“Aeiiii?ea n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ? AIE”
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe??
ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
N?ioa?iiieue – 1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? aa?ia?iano ? CAAe E?einueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, /eai-ei??.
E?einueei? AI Ceiia’?a Oae?en Aieiaeeie?iae/,
E?einueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao, caa. eaoaae?e aa?ia?ciano ?
CAAe
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, Caneoaeaiee
ae?y/ iaoee ? oaoi?ee Oe?a?ie, aeaaeai?e E?einueei? AI Iia?eia TH??e
Ieeieaeiae/;
Oaa??enueeee ?inoeooo i?aei?e?iieoeoaa ? i?aaa, caa. eaoaae?e aeiiii?ee
eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
Na?eiae/ Ieoaeei A?eai?iae/,
aieiaiee aeiiii?no ?aaeaini-caaiaeo “Aeiia?aaeiee” Oe?naaeaeii?iio
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Ieeiea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeee ?inoeooo, eaoaae?a aeiiii?ee n?euenueeiai
ainiiaea?noaa.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 12 aa?aciy 1999 ?. a 11 aiaeei ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E. 52.805.01 i?e E?einueeiio aea?aeaaiiio
aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 333030, i. N?ioa?iiieue, n.
Aa?a?ia, ei?i. 1, aoae. 501.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? E?einueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “23” a?oaeiy 1998 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii?
a/aii? ?aaee, e.a.i., aeioeaio A.TH. ?oaeaiei
Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Iai/?aieoeoai a E?eio ? iaei??th c iaeaaaeeea?oeo
aaeocae n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa. Iaeiae, aaeocue, ui ae?iaey?
i?iaeoeoe?th iianyeaeaiiiai iiieoo, ?ai?oa aoea aeinoaoiuei
?aioaaaeueiith, ae?eoea aei e?eoe/iiai noaio. N?eueainii?aei?e?inoaa,
oaeoe/ii, ao?aoea aea?aeaaio i?aeo?eieo, i?eiooai? nei?i/oaaoe
ae?iaieoeoai, caeeoaoe aac ?iaioe eaae?o?eiaaieo ?ia?oiee?a ? oao?aoe?a.
Neeaaei? i?ioeane ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee i?ecaaee aei
aeieeiaiiy ?yaeo iiaeo i?iaeai a i?aai?caoe??, iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/iiio
caaacia/aii? aaeoc? ? iia?e?caoe?? o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a aeey
?aeiino?oeoe?? ? ?icaeoeo ae?iaieoeoaa ? ia?a?iaee iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe??.
Aeieeea aino?a eiieo?aioe?y ia ?eieo iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe??. ?aa?iiaeueiee
?eiie, a iei?oi?e /an, iane/aiee ?iii?oiith iai/aaith i?iaeoeoe??th, ye
i?aaeei, iecueei? yeino?, ?ic?aoiaaii? ia ianiaiai niiaeeaa/a, a
a?o/eciyia i?iaeoeoe?y ia ciaoiaeeoue caooo. Ao?a/ai? o?aaeeoe?ei? ?eiee
caooo a ?in?? ? ?ioeo e?a?iao aeeaeiueiai ca?oa?aeaey.
?icaeyaeo aeiiii?/ieo aniaeo?a aeaii? i?iaeaie i?eae?ey?oueny
aeinoaoiuei aaeeea oaaaa a ?iaioao Aieei A.?., Aaneeaiei I.I.,
A?ecaieiaa A.I., Eoeueyi/aiei A.I., Iai/aiei ?.?., ?aae/aiei A.I.,
?oaeaiei A.TH., Oa?aiiaa A.A., Oiaoeueeiai A.?., Oaaei?iaie E.A. Oei ia
iaioa, iaoeiaa i?i?iaea iniaeeainoae ?icaeoeo iai/?aieoeoaa a
eieaeoeaieo i?aei?e?inoaao a iiaeo oiiaao ainiiaea?thaaiiy caeeoa?oueny
iaaeinoaoiueith. Oea oneeaaeith? i?aeoe/io ?iaioo. ?nio? ia’?eoeaia
iaiao?aei?noue a oai?aoe/i?e eiioeaioe?? iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo
iai/?aieoeoaa a eieaeoeaieo n?eueainii?aei?e?inoaao, ?ic?iaoe? iaoeiai
iaa?oioiaaieo i?iaiic?a ?icaeoeo ? aeiiii?/ii? ioe?iee aoaeoeaiino?
aaaeaiiy iai/?aieoeoaa. Oea aecia/a? aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ca’ycie aeena?oaoe?eii? oaie c ieaiaie iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue. Oaia
aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiaeeoue a ieai IAe? E?einueeiai aea?aeaaiiai aa?a?iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ii i?iaeai? “Iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaia nenoaia aaaeaiiy
ainiiaea?noaa”.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iaoeiaa
iaa?oiooaaiiy i?aeaeuaiiy aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? ae?iaieoeoaa,
ia?a?iaee ? ?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? a eieaeoeaieo
n?eueainii?aei?e?inoaao E?eio.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy icia/aii? iaoe a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? iinoaaeai? ?
ae??oai? ianooii? caaea/?:
– iaa?oioiaaia nenoaia aaaeaiiy iai/?aieoeoaa a no/anieo oiiaao;
– ooi/iai? e?eoa??? ? iieacieee ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? aaeoc?
iai/?aieoeoaa;
– aeaia aeiiii?/ia ioe?iea no/aniiai noaio ae?iaieoeoaa, ia?a?iaee ?
?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? a eieaeoeaieo n?eueainii?aei?e?inoaao;
– i?iaaaeaia aenia?oia ioe?iea oaeoi??a, ui aeyaeythoue aieea ia
?icaeoie aeiiii?ee iai/?aieoeoaa;
– ?ic?iaeai? iniiai? oeyoe i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aaeoc? ia
?aa?iiaeueiiio ??ai?;
– aeaiee i?iaiic ?icaeoeo ? iaa?oioiaai? i??e ? i?iiiceoe?? c
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aaeoc? iai/?aieoeoaa a E?eio.
I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aeiiii?ea ae?iaieoeoaa, ia?a?iaee ?
?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? a E?eio. Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
eieaeoeai? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? i?aei?e?inoaa E?eio. A oiae?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeei?enoai? aeiiii?ei-noaoenoe/i? caniae cai?o ? ia?iaee
?ioi?iaoe??, ?ic?aooieiai-eiino?oeoeaiee, iiiia?ao?/iee, ia?ieo
ii??aiyiue ia iniia? aaaaoii??iiai oeaethaaiiy, a oaeiae caniae
aenia?oieo ioe?iie.
sse aiae?oe/iee iaoa??ae aeei?enoiaoaaeenue aeai? Aea?aeeiinoaoo E?eio,
I?i?noa?noaa aa?ii?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno E?eio, Anioe?aoe?? iai/?aiee?a
E?eio, I?i?noa?noaa aeiiii?ee E?eio.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aeeiiai? aeine?aeaeaiiy iathoue
iaaiee nooi?iue iiaecie a iiaeeo?eaoe?? e?eoa???a ? iieaciee?a ioe?iee
aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? aaeoc? iai/?aieoeoaa, ioe?ioe? nooiaiy aieeao
oaeoi??a ia iioaioe?ae aaeoc?.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a:
– ?ic?iaeai can?a aecia/aiiy oe?ie ia iai/aao i?iaeoeoe?th i?e
?ic?aooieao i?ae ae?iaieeaie ? ia?a?iaieeaie;
– ooi/iaia iaoiaeeea ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? eaiae?a
?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe??;
– ?ic?iaeai? iaoai?cie aca?iiaea?aeii? ni?ai?aoe? o/aniee?a i?aiaeieo
a?aeiioaiue a iai/?aieoeoa?;
– aeaiee i?iaiic iio?aae ? caaacia/aiino? iai/aaith i?iaeoeoe??th ?
aecia/aiee aenii?oiee iioaioe?ae aaeoc? iai/?aieoeoaa E?eio.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iiaeeo?eiaai? e?eoa??? ? ?ic?iaeai?
iieacieee ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? aaeoc? iai/?aieoeoaa.
Noi?ioeueiaai? iniiai? iai?yiee eiioeaioe?? ?icaeoeo iai/?aieoeoaa a
E?eio. Cai?iiiiiaai? caniae i?iaaaeaiiy aca?iiaea?aeieo ?ic?aooie?a i?ae
ae?iaieeaie ? ia?a?iaieeaie iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe??.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeine?aeii?
?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeeny ia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo a
N?ioa?iiieuenueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? (1996 ?.), a E?einueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao? (1996-98 ??.).
Eiioeaioe?y i?ia?aie ?icaeoeo iai/?aieoeoaa a E?eio ia?aaeaia aeey
i?aeoe/ii? ?aae?caoe?? a Anioe?aoe?th iai/?aiee?a E?eio.
Ioae?eaoe??. Ii oai? aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 7 iaoeiaeo i?aoeue
ianyaii 2,1 ae?oe. eenoa.
Ianya ? no?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c aaaaeaiiy, o?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a ? i?iiiceoe?e, nieneo e?oa?aoo?e, ui ia?aoiao? 132
aeaea?aea. ?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia 144 noi??ieao ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo,
i?noeoue 33 oaaeeoe? ? 21 iaethiie.
Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe
A ia?oiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?? “Iniiae aeiiii?ee ae?iaieoeoaa,
ia?a?iaee ? ?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
i?aei?e?inoaao” i?iaiae?ciaai? iniaeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy ? aoaeoeaiiai
ooieoe?iioaaiiy iai/?aieoeoaa a ?icaeiooeo e?a?iao, iniiaaiiai ia
aeiiii?/i?e caoe?eaaeaiino? a iino?eiiio aaeineiiaeaii? ae?iaieoeoaa, c
o?aooaaiiyi aeiia niiaeeaa/a aei yeino?, ani?oeiaioo ? ianyao
noai?thaaii? i?iaeoeoe??. Aa?ia?cian oeeo e?a?i a?oioo?oueny ia
i?eaaoi?e aeaniino? i?e ?noioi?e ?aaoethth/?e ?ie? aea?aeaae.
Caaaeueiina?oiaie oaiaeaioe??th ? aeia?aaeaeath/a c?inoaiiy oe?i ia
caeoiiaoaai? n?eueainiae?iaieeaie caniae ae?iaieoeoaa o ii??aiyii? c
oe?iaie ia i?iaeoeoe?th yea ?aae?co?oueny ieie, ui coiiaeaia
aeia?aaeaeath/ei cieaeaiiyi a n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa? noni?eueii
iaiao?aeieo aeo?ao.
A oiiaao niinoa??aa?ii? oaiaeaioe?? cieaeaiiy ii?ie i?eaooeo a
n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa? — i???ioaoe?y ia noa?o ia?a?iaee ?
?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? aeicaiey? cia/ii i?aeaeueoe
aoaeoeai?noue ?oiueiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? noai?eoe aeiaeaoeia? ?ia?oie/?
i?noey.
Ia ?icaeoie iai/?aieoeoaa aeyaey? aieea ia o?eueee aioo??oi? na?aaeiaeua
(nenoaia aaaeaiiy iai/?aieoeoaa), aea oaeiae ? ciai?oi? na?aaeiaeua
i?yiiai ? iia?/iiai aieeao (?en. 1.). Iia?/iee aieea aeyaey? iie?oeea
aea?aeaae, nioe?aeuei? oiiae, iaoeiaa ? i?aaiaa caaacia/aiiy, aeiiii?/i?
oiiae ? aea?aeaaiee eiio?ieue. Aaciina?aaei?e aieea aeyaeythoue:
iinoa/aeueieee, iina?aaeieee, ?iaanoi?e, niiaeeaa/?, aea?aeaai? i?aaie
aeaaee.
A?aoiaoth/e iaaeanoe/i?noue iiieoo ia iai/aao i?iaeoeoe?th (ia ??ai?
0,20-0,25), aa?a?ia iie?oeea aea?aeaae a iaeano? caooo iiaeiia aooe
ni?yiiaaia ia oa, uia, ii i??? ca?eueoaiiy ?? ae?iaieoeoaa ca?eueooaaoe
ianya ?aae?caoe??, ui aeicaieeei a c?iaeoe iiieo a?eueo aeanoe/iei.
Oeueiai ?acoeueoaoo iiaeia aeinyaiooe ca ?aooiie aoaeoeaiiai caoenoo
aeaniiai ?eieo a?ae ?iicaiieo ae?iaiee?a ? noeioethaaiiy aenii?oo.
I?iaaaeaiee iaeyae ??ciiiai?oieo iaoiaeee ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? ae?iaieoeoaa, ia?a?iaee ? ?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe??
aeicaieea aeae?eeoe ?eieia?, ae?iaie/?, oiaa?i? ? caooia? e?eoa???
ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? iai/?aieoeoaa. Iniiaieie c ieo ?:
iio?aaa a iai/aa?e i?iaeoeoe??, ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo aaeoc?, nooi?iue
eiieo?aioicaeaoiino? aaeoc? iai/?aieoeoaa, ne?iaeii? ?ano?ne,
oa?aeoa?enoeea iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe??, oe?ia, ?aae?caoe?y oa ?io?.
Cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea, ui aeicaieeoue e?euee?nii ? ye?nii ioe?ieoe
aeai? e?eoa??? ca aeiiiiiaith ?yaeo eiao?oe??io?a.
A ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Noai aeiiii?ee ae?iaieoeoaa, ia?a?iaee ?
?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe??” aeaia ioe?iea ae?iaie/iai iioaioe?aeo
aaeoc? iai/?aieoeoaa E?eio.
Iacaaaeth/e ia caaaeueio noaa?euei?noue ?ici???a, a noni?eueiiio naeoi??
ieiua ca ia??iae c 1991 ?. ii 1998 ?. cieceeany ia 37,2% (c 17,0 oen. aa
aei 10,7 oen. aa), a a i?aeniaieo ainiiaea?noaao ca?eueoeeeny a 1,48
?ace (c 5,3 oen. aa aei 11,1 oen. aa). Iaea?eueoo ieoiio aaao a E?eio a
no?oeoo?? iin?aieo ieiu iai/?a caeiathoue oiiaoe (19,2%), eaionoa
(17,0%), oeeaoey ??i/anoa (15,3%) ? ii?eaa (14,6%).
C 1991 ?. aaeiaee ca?? iai/?a a on?o eaoaai??yo ainiiaea?noa cieceany o
2,6 ?ace, aai ia 232.8 oen. o. A eieaeoeaieo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
i?aei?e?inoaao aaeiaee ca?? cieceany a 6,8 ?ac, a a iniaenoeo i?aeniaieo
ainiiaea?noaao ?noioia ca?eueoeany (a 1,4 ?ace aai ia 27,9 oen. o).
Oa?ia?nuee? ainiiaea?noaa, i?aeoe/ii, ia caeiathoueny oiaa?iei
ae?iaieoeoaii iai/?a.
Ani?oeiaio ae?iaey?ii? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? aeicaiey? caaeiaieueieoe
iiieo aaniethoii? a?eueoino? niiaeeaa/?a. Iaea?eueoo ieoiio aaao a
no?oeoo?? aaeiaiai cai?o ia? eaionoa (21,2%), oiiaoe (15,8%), ii?eaa
(10,9%) ? oeeaoey ??i/anoa (8,9%). Aeniea o?iaeaei?noue iai/?a cae?eoiai
??oioo aeicaiey? ?i i?e iacia/i?e ieiu? (0,77%) aeaaaoe 7,8% aaeiaiai
cai?o.
Aaeiaee ca?? ii oa?eoi??? E?eio ?iciiae?ey?oueny ia??aiii??ii(?en. 2.).
Iaeaeu? aaeia? cai?e (iiiaae 15 oen. o a eiaeiiio ?aeii?) — a
ainiiaea?noaao Naenueeiai, N?ioa?iiieuenueeiai, E?aniiaaa?ae?enueeiai ?
Aeaeaieienueeiai ?aeii?a, ui neeaaea? 61,7% aaeiaiai cai?o iai/?a na?aae
ENI E?eio. A oe?e a?oi? ne?ae a?aecia/eoe Aeaeaieieneee ?aeii, ui aea?
23,7% aaeiaiai cai?o iai/?a. Oaeiae aei a?oie c aenieei aaeiaei
ae?iaieoeoaii iai/?a a?aeiinyoueny E?aniiia?aeiinueeee ?
Ieaeiueia??nueeee ?aeiie (a?ae 10 aei 15 oen. o).
Aa?o?noue aaeiai? i?iaeoeoe?? a ii??aiyieo oe?iao cieceeany c 1993 ?. ii
1997 ?. o 3,9 ?ace, a o?oaeii?noe?noue ca?eueoeeany c 5,76
ethae.-aiae./oe aei 12,4 ethae.-aiae./oe. Aieea ?ioeyoe?eieo i?ioean?a
i?eca?a aei oiai, ui a ia??iae c 1993 ii 1995 ??. oe?ie ?aae?caoe?? ia
iai/aao ne?iaeio ?inee oaeaeoa nia?aa?oino?. Iaeiae, a 1996-97 ??.
oaiaeaioe?y iaaoea cai?ioiee oa?aeoa?, ui iiynith?oueny cieaeaiiyi ??aiy
i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe?, o?iaeaeiino? ? iani?eyoeeaei ci?iaiiyi
eii’thieoo?e oe?i (oaae. 1).
Oaaeeoey 1.
?iaeaene oe?i ?aae?caoe?? ? nia?aa?oino? iai/?a a E?eio, 1993-97 ??.
Oey oaiaeaioe?y oa?aeoa?ia ? aeey na?aaeiueiai ??aiy ?aioaaaeueiino?
iai/?a ii ?anioae?oe? (70,8% a 1993 ?. ? 7,9% a 1997 ?.). A aeae?eueeio
?aeiiao ? caeoie. Iaeiae a?aecia/ai? iaie ?ai?oa ?aeiie c aenieith
eiioeaio?aoe??th iai/?aieoeoaa (Aeaeaieienueeee, E?aniiaaa?ae?enueeee,
Naenueeee, N?ioa?iiieuenueeee oa ?io?) iathoue ??aaiue ?aioaaaeueiino?,
ui ia?aaeuo? na?aaei? iieacieee ii E?eio.
Iaei??th c iaeaaaeeea?oeo oiia aeey ae??aithaaiiy naciiiinoe niiaeeaaiiy
iai/?a ia i?ioyc? ?ieo ? ?o caa??aaiiy, ia?a?iaea ? eiina?aoaaiiy. A
1985-90 ??. a E?eio aeioneaeiny aei 720 iei. oiiaieo aaiie eiina?a?a, ui
neeaaeaei a?ey 20% a?ae caaaeueiiai ?o ae?iaieoeoaa ii Oe?a?i?. A
iei?oi?e /an a E?eio ui??/ii ae?iaey?oueny 70 ioa, aai a?ey 10% a?ae
??aiy ieioeeo ?ie?a.
A?aecia/a?oueny oaiaeaioe?y cieaeaiiy /enea i?aei?e?inoa, ui
caeiathoueny ia?a?iaeith (c 139 a 1993 ?ioe? aei 129 a 1997 ?.),
/enaeueiino? caeiyoeo ia ieo ?ia?oie/eo (c 5827 aei 3158), a oaeiae
ianyao i?iaeoeoe?? ui aeionea?oueny (?en. 3.).
Iaea?eueoo ieoiio aaao a 1997 ?ioe? a no?oeoo?? i?iaeoeoe?? ui
aeionea?oueny caeiathoue iai/aa? (69,0%) ? oiiaoi? eiina?ae (27,3%).
Iniiaiei aeaeii oiiaoieo eiina?a?a ? oiiaoiee n?e (72,1%). ?aeeiei
aeaeii iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? ui eiina?aoaaeany, ianya ae?iaieoeoaa yei?
ia nei?ioeany, ? iai/aa? niee. ?o ae?iaieoeoai c?inei c 400 ooa a 1993
?. aei 1900 ooa a 1997 ?.
?en. 3. Ianya iai/aai? eiina?aiaaii? i?iaeoeoe??, yea aeionea?oueny
eieaeoeaieie n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie i?aei?e?inoaaie E?eio, 1993-97
??.
A noa?? ?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? niinoa??aa?oueny /?oea
oaiaeaioe?y aei ca?eueoaiiy ianyao aa?oa?ieo oaiae ? c?inoaiiy i?iaeaaeo
oiaa?o ia i?nueeeo ?eieao. Aa?oa?i? iia?aoe?? a noa?? ?aae?caoe??
iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? iineeeee o?iueiao aeiiii?eo. Ca?eueoo?oueny
e?euee?noue i?iaeoeoe??, io?eiaii? a ?aooiie iieaoe i?aoe?. Oea, ia?yaeo
c a?aei?iith aea?aecaiiaeaiiy ? ciaioaiiyi ?ie? niiaeeaeiiia?aoe??,
noaei i?e/eiith ?oeioaaiiy ?aeeiiai iioiaiai ?eieo iai/?a.
Ia eiai i?noe? aeieeathoue noeo?ei? i?iaeiaieue/? ?eiee, ui ni?ey?
?icaeoeo iai?aai?ciaaii? iina?aaeieoeueei? ae?yeueiino? a noa?? caooo
i?iaeoeoe??. O i?aenoieo cia/ia /anoeia ae?iaeaii? i?iaeoeoe?? ia
ciaoiaeeoue caooo (oaae. 2).
Oaaeeoey 2.
Ianya ?aae?caoe?? iai/?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie i?aei?e?inoaaie
E?eio, 1993-97 ??., oen. o
Caaaeueiee ianya ?aae?caoe?? iai/?a eieaeoeaieie
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie i?aei?e?inoaaie, ii an?i eaiaeai a 1997 ?. (o
ii??aiyii? c 1993 ?.) cieceany a 5,2 ?ace ? neeaa 36,4 oen. o. I?iaeaae
iai/?a ii i?yiei ainiiaea?/ei ca’yceai neeaa o 1997 ?. eeoa 14,1%
caaaeueiiai ianyao ?aae?caoe??. Ia ?eieo ?aae?ciaaii 62,1%. *a?ac
nenoaio noni?eueiiai oa?/oaaiiy ? a ?aooiie iieaoe i?aoe? ?aae?ciaaii
12,0% iai/?a.
A iei?oi?e /an ?nio? cia/ia aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y oe?i ia iai/aao
i?iaeoeoe?th a caeaaeiino? a?ae eaiae?a ?aae?caoe?? (oaae. 3.).
Oaaeeoey 3.
Na?aaei? oe?ie ia iai/?, i?iaeai? eieaeoeaieie
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie i?aei?e?inoaaie E?eio a 1997 ?., a?i./o
A 1997 ?. iaeaeu? oe?ie ia eaionoo, oeeaoeth ??i/anoo ? ao?ye aoee i?e
?aae?caoe?? ii i?yiei ainiiaea?/ei ca’yceai, ia oiiaoe — i?e ?aae?caoe??
niiaeeaeiiia?aoe??, ia??e?a — i?e aenii?o?, a ii?eae — i?e aa?oa?ieo
iia?aoe?yo.
Iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui ia aioo??oiueiio ?eieo o?eaa? c?inoaiiy oe?i ia
iai/aao i?iaeoeoe?th, iei?oi?e ?o ??aaiue ia caaacia/o? a?aeoeiaeoaaiiy
aeo?ao ia ?o ae?iaieoeoai. Iai?eeeaae, na?aaeiy oe?ia ia iai/?
a?aee?eoiai ??oioo a eieaeoeaieo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
i?aei?e?inoaao E?eio a 1997 ?. neeaea 19,16 a?i./oe, a iiaia
nia?aa?o?noue — 30,86 a?i./oe. Ia iai/? cae?eoiai ??oioo, a?aeiia?aeii
127,46 ? 152,24 a?i./oe.
Iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiei eaiaeii ?aae?caoe?? aeey eieaeoeaieo
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo i?aei?e?inoa ? i?iaeaae iai/?a ii i?yiei
ainiiaea?/ei ca’yceai. ?aae?caoe?y a ?aooiie iieaoe i?aoe? ? ia
noni?eueia oa?/oaaiiy a?aeaoaa?oueny, i?aeoe/ii, ca nia?aa?o?noth
i?iaeoeoe??, ? ia i?eiineoue ainiiaea?noaai a?ae/ooiiai i?eaooeo.
Aenii?o iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? oaeiae ia ? aenieiaoaeoeaiei. Oea coiiaeaia
aenieeie o?ainii?oieie aeo?aoaie ? cia/ieie ieoieie noyaiaiiyie. Ia
aenii?o iaaeoiaeyoue o?eueee oiiaoe ? ia??ee.
A 1997 ?. aenii?o iai/?a ca?eueoeany o ii??aiyii? c 1996 ?. ia 43,5%.
Iniiaieie ?iii?oa?aie e?einueei? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? aoee ?in?y,
A?ei?onue, ?niai?y ? ?oae?y. Aenii?ooaaeeny iai/? caeaa?eueoiai a
na?aeiio aeaeyae?.
?en. 4. Aeeiai?ea aenii?oo-?iii?oo iai/?a ? i?iaeoeo?a ?oiuei?
ia?a?iaee ii E?eio, 1994-97 ??., %.
A 1994 ?. ianya aenii?oo iai/?a ? i?iaeoeo?a ?o ia?a?iaee ia?aaeuoaaa
ianya ?iii?oo o 1,3 ?ace. Iaeiae, a 1997 ?. ?iii?o ia?aaeuea aenii?o ia
56,7%. A 1994 ?. aenii?o i?iaeoeo?a ia?a?iaee iai/?a ia?aaeuoaaa aenii?o
na?aeeo iai/?a o 6,1 ?ace, a 1997 ?. eeoa o 1,3 ?ace.
Ui??/ia cieaeaiiy ianyao ae?iaieoeoaa aaaea aei cieaeaiiy ianyao
?aae?caoe??. Aeia?aaeaeath/a c?inoaiiy oe?i ia iaeeaii-aia?aaoe/i? ?
?io? ?ano?ne o ii??aiyii? c oe?iaie ia iai/aao i?iaeoeoe?th aaaea aei
cieaeaiiy ?aioaaaeueiino? ?? ae?iaieoeoaa.
Iiceoeaiei iiiaioii ? a?aeiinia noaa?e?caoe?y oe?i ia i?iaeoeoe?th ui
?aae?co?oueny, ?, ye ne?aenoai, cieaeaiiy ?iaeaeno c?inoaiiy oe?i a
ii??aiyii? c iiia?aaei?ie ?ieaie.
A o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “Iniiai? iai?yiee i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino?
ae?iaieoeoaa, ia?a?iaee ? ?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? a E?eio”
iaa?oioiaai? oeyoe ?aoi?ioaaiiy aaeoc? a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieiai?
aeiiii?ee.
Ae?iaieoeoai, ia?a?iaea ? ?aae?caoe?y iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? aecia/a?oueny
?eieiaeie oiiaaie, ye?, a naith /a?ao, iaeeaaeathoue iaiaaeaiiy ii
e?eueeino? ? yeino? noai?thaaii? i?iaeoeoe??. Aeaia aaeocue /ooeeaa aei
aieeao /eneaiieo eii’thieoo?ieo ? no?oeoo?ieo oaeoi??a.
I?iaaaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeei aeyaeoe ? e?euee?nii ioe?ieoe aieea
oaeoi??a, ui oi?iothoue nenoaio iai/?aieoeoaa E?eio.
Oni?oiiio ?icaeoeo aeiiii?ee iai/?aieoeoaa a E?eio ia?aoeiaeaeathoue:
aenie? iiaeaoee (6,9%); iecueeee caoeno aea?aeaaith aeaniiai
i?iaeiaieue/iai ?eieo (6,1%); iecueeee ??aaiue ?iaanoeoe?e (5,7%);
a?aenooi?noue ae??ai? iioeaaoe?? ia i?aoeth (5,0%); iecuee? oe?ie
?aae?caoe?? (4,7%); aeniea nia?aa?o?noue (4,2%); iaaecia/ai?noue oi?i
aeaniino? (4,1%). Iaeiaioa oaaae i?eae?ey?oueny i?aai?caoe?? i?aoe?
(1,2%) ? eaae?ai (1,3%).
Ca aeiiiiiaith aenia?oieo ioe?iie aeyaeaia a?aeiia?aei?noue oaeoe/iiai
??aiy ?icaeoeo iai/?aieoeoaa a E?eio na?oiaei aeiiaai ? cia/aiiy aeaieo
oaeoi??a ia ia?niaeoeao. Nooi?iue aaaeeeaino? oeeo aeiia
i?iaeaiiino?iaaia ieae/a.
Ia iniia? aenia?oieo ioe?iie na?aaei?e aae na?oiaiai ??aiy ?icaeoeo
iai/?aieoeoaa neeaaea? 7,9 c 10 iiaeeeaeo. ??aaiue no/aniiai ?icaeoeo
iai/?aieoeoaa a E?eio – 2,1 aaee, a ia?niaeoeaiee ??aaiue – 6,0.
Ca?aeii c i?iaiicii ?icaeoeo aaeoc? a 1999 ?. aaeiaee ca?? iai/?a
iiaeiai ca?eueoeoeny ia 11,5% — aei 287,95 oen. o. I/?eo?oueny, ui a
caaaeueiiio ianyc? i?iiiceoe?? ?iii?oi? iai/? neeaaeooue 2,2%, a ianyae
aenii?oo c?inoooue a 2,3 ?ace (aei 9,6 oen. o).
Niiaeeaaiiy iai/?a ca?eueoeoueny aei 95,8 ea ia ethaeeio a ??e (245,8
oen. o). E??i oiai, a?ey 0,8% (2,4 oen. o) iiaea aooe aeei?enoaia ia
ian?iiy, ia ei?i oaa?eiai – 5,9% (17,1 oen.o), ao?aoe ia?aaeaa/athoueny
a iaaeao 4,5% (12,9 oen.o).
A 1999 ?. iiaeia i/?eoaaoe cieaeaiiy ?icae??aieo oe?i ia ia??ee (ia 9%),
ao?ye (ia 12%), oeeaoeth ??i/anoo (ia 15%), oiiaoe (ia 21%), /aniee (ia
44%). A oie aea /an, iao?ooea ? ii?eaa noaiooue aei?iae/a ia 4%, oe?ii —
ia 5%, naeao — ia 19%, eaionoa — ia 35%. Ca?eueoaiiy o?iaeaeiino? iai/?a
a 1999 ?. ia 11%, i?ecaaaea aei cieaeaiiy nia?aa?oino? (i?e ?ioeo ??aieo
oiiaao) ia 9,9%, a ?aioaaaeuei?noue iai/?aieoeoaa ca?eueoeoueny aei 40%.
A 2010?. ieaio?oueny aeiaanoe aaeiaa ae?iaieoeoai iai/?a aei 675 oen. o.
C ieo i?noeaaei iaoeaioeyi iaiao?aeii 334,8 oen. o, a?aeii/eaath/ei —
105,0 oen. o. Ao?aoe, ui i?iaiicothoueny, neeaaeooue 27,7 oen. o,
aeei?enoaiiy iai/?a ia ian?iiy — 3,4 oen. o. Caeeoie iai/?a neeaaea
204,1 oen. o, ye?, aeey caiia?aaiiy ao?aoai ? cieaeaiith oe?i ia
i?noeaaiio ?eieo, iiaeii? aooe aenii?oiaai?.
?icaeyaeath/e no?oeoo?o niiaeeaaiiy iai/?a a na?aeiio ? ia?a?iaeaiiio
aeae? iiaeia a?aecia/eoe, ui a a?aeciaeo a?ae no?oeoo?e niiaeeaaiiy
i?noeaaeie iaoeaioeyie (60% iai/?a niiaeeaa?oueny a na?aeiio aeae?, 40%
— a ia?a?iaeaiiio), ia aenii?o i?eionea?oueny ni?yiiaoaaoe o?eueee 30%
iai/?a a na?aeiio aeae?, a ?io? — a ia?a?iaeaiiio (?en. 6.).
C ae?iaieoeoaa, ui i?iaiico?oueny a 675 oen. o, eieaeoeaieie
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie i?aei?e?inoaaie iiaeiii aooe ae?iaeaia 325
oen. o (48,1%), a iniaenoeie i?aeniaieie ainiiaea?noaaie 350 oen. o
(51.9%). Oaeei /eiii, ?nioth/a a iei?oi?e /an no?oeoo?a ae?iaieoeoaa
iai/?a ia cacia? ?noioieo ci?i. Eieaeoeai? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee?
i?aei?e?inoaa iiaeii? a iniiaiiio i???iooaaoeny ia aenii?o iai/?a ?
i?iaeoeo?a ?o ia?a?iaee (72,4% a?ae aaeiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa), a iniaeno?
i?aeniai? ainiiaea?noaa — ia ?aae?caoe?th iai/?a i?noeaaei iaoeaioeyi ?
a?aeii/eaath/ei.
Ia iniia? i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue iiaeia c?iaeoe aeniiaee:
1. E?ei ? o?aaeeoe?eiei ?aa?iiii iai/?aieoeoaa. A?eueo?noue ?aeii?a
?anioae?ee iathoue aeinoaoith ne?iaeiio aaco (Naenueeee,
N?ioa?iiieuenueeee, E?aniiaaa?ae?enueeee ? Aeaeaieienueeee) ? ?
ia?niaeoeaieie aeey ?icaeoeo i?aei?e?inoa ii ia?a?iaoe? iai/aai?
i?iaeoeoe??. Iaea?eueo ieoiio aaao a no?oeoo?? aaeiaiai cai?o ia?
eaionoa (21,2%), oiiaoe (15,8%), ii?eaa (10,9%) ? oeeaoey ??i/anoa
(8,9%). Aeniea o?iaeaei?noue iai/?a cae?eoiai ??oioo aeicaiey? ?i i?e
iaaaeee?e caeia?i?e ieiu? (0,77%) aeaaaoe 7,8% aaeiaiai cai?o.
2. Ca ia??iae c 1993 ?. ii 1997 ?. aaeiaa ae?iaieoeoai iai/?a a on?o
eaoaai??yo ainiiaea?noa cieceeiny c 279,4 oen. o aei 145,2 oen. o, a
oiio /ene? a eieaeoeaieo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo i?aei?e?inoaao c
212,6 oen. o aei 44,9 oen. o. Aa?o?noue aaeiai? i?iaeoeoe??
iai/?aieoeoaa a ii??aiyieo oe?iao cieceeany a 3,9 ?ace, a
o?oaeii?noe?noue ca?eueoeeany c 5,76 ethae.-aiae./oe aei 12,4
ethae.-aiae./oe. Na?aaei?e ??aaiue ?aioaaaeueiino? iai/?a cieceany c
70,8% aei 7,9%.
3. Iecueea aa?o?noue ?ia?oie/i? neee, /anoeiaa aac?ia?ooy a aa?a?ieo
?aeiiao E?eio ?iaeyoue iai/?aieoeoai aeinoaoiuei i?eaaaeeaei aeey
i?aeniaieo ainiiaea?noa ianaeaiiy. O oe?e eaoaai??? ainiiaea?noa a 1997
?ioe? o ii??aiyii? c 1991 ?. aaeiaee ca?? ca?eueoeany ia 27,9 oen. o aai
a 1,4 ?ace.
4. A E?eio ui??/ii ae?iaey?oueny 70 ioa eiina?aiaaii? i?iaeoeoe??, ui
neeaaea? 10% a?ae ??aiy ieioeeo ?ie?a. A 1997 ?. a no?oeoo?? ae?iaey?ii?
i?iaeoeoe?? iai/aa? eiina?ae caeiathoue 69,0%, oiiaoi? – 27,3%.
Ae?iaieoeoai iai/aaeo nie?a c?inei c 400 ooa a 1993 ?. aei 1900 ooa a
1997 ?. A?aecia/a?oueny oaiaeaioe?y cieaeaiiy /enea i?aei?e?inoa, ui
ia?a?iaeythoue (c 139 a 1993 ?. aei 129 a 1997 ?.), /enaeueiino?
caeiyoeo ia ieo ?ia?oiee?a (c 5827 aei 3158).
5. A noa?? ?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? niinoa??aa?oueny /?oea
oaiaeaioe?y aei ca?eueoaiiy ianyao aa?oa?ieo oaiae ? c?inoaiiy ianyao
i?iaeaae?a ia i?nueeeo ?eieao. Ca?eueoo?oueny e?euee?noue i?iaeoeoe??
io?eiaii? a ?aooiie iieaoe i?aoe?. Oea, ia?yaeo c a?aei?iith
aea?aecaiiaeaiiy ? ciaioaiiyi ?ie? niiaeeaeiiia?aoe??, noaei i?e/eiith
?oeioaaiiy ?aeeiiai iioiaiai ?eieo iai/?a ? i?aeneeaiiy oai?caoe??
aeiiii?ee.
6. Ca?eueoaiiy o?iaeaeiino? iai/?a a 1999 ?. ia 11%, i?ecaaaea aei
cieaeaiiy nia?aa?oino? (i?e ?ioeo ??aieo oiiaao) ia 9,9%. Ia oe?
ca?eueoaiiy oe?i (a na?aaeiueiio ia 16%) ?aioaaaeuei?noue iai/?aieoeoaa
c?inoa aei 40%.
7. ?acoeueoaoe aenia?oii? ioe?iee aeicaieythoue a?aecia/eoe oa, ui
oni?oiiio ?icaeoeo aeiiii?ee iai/?aieoeoaa E?eio ia?aoeiaeaeathoue
aenie? iiaeaoee (6,9%), iecueeee caoeno aea?aeaaith aeaniiai
i?iaeiaieue/iai ?eieo (6,1%), iecueeee ??aaiue ?iaanoeoe?e (5,7%);
a?aenooi?noue ae??ai? iioeaaoe?? ia i?aoeth (5,0%); iecuee? oe?ie
?aae?caoe?? (4,7%); aeniea nia?aa?o?noue (4,2%); iaaecia/ai?noue oi?i
aeaniino? ia caieth (4,1%); aenieee ??aaiue aac?ia?ooy (4,1%); iecueea
aeinooii?noue ?eieo ?in?enueei? Oaaea?aoe?? aeey aenii?oo iai/aai?
i?iaeoeoe?? (4,1%).
Ia iniia? i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?iiiio?oueny:
1. Aeiiii?/io aoaeoeai?noue ae?iaieoeoaa, ia?a?iaee ? ?aae?caoe??
iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? ioe?ithaaoe ia iniia? ?eieiaeo, ae?iaie/eo,
oiaa?ieo ? caooiaeo e?eoa???a ? iieaciee?a: caaacia/ai?noue iai/aaith
i?iaeoeoe??th; ye?noue; aenii?oiee iioaioe?ae; eiieo?aioini?iiiaei?noue;
noaa?euei?noue ?eieo; aaoiiii?y ?aae?caoe??.
2. Aeey ?iciiae?eo i?eaooeo i?ae ae?iaieeaie ? ia?a?iaieeaie iai/aai?
i?iaeoeoe?? aaoi? i?iiiio? aeei?enoiaoaaoe oi?ioeo:
Aea: Oei – oe?ia iai/aai? ne?iaeie, i?ieiiaiaaia o /an?; Oe? – ?eieiaa
oe?ia ia /an iinoaaee iai/aai? ne?iaeie; E% – aaie?anueeee a?aenioie ca
ei?enooaaiiy eiia?oe?eiei e?aaeeoii, a?aenioe?a ??/ieo; n – oa?i?i i?ae
iinoaaeith iai/aai? ne?iaeie ? ?? oaeoe/iith iieaoith, aei?a.
?ic?aooiie oe?ie ia i?aenoaa? icia/aii? oi?ioee aeicaiey? cano?aooaaoe
ae?iaiee?a iai/aai? ne?iaeie a?ae iaaaoeaiiai aieeao ?ioeyoe??.
3. A?aoiaoth/e niaoeeo?eo n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa (ee?iaoe/iee aieea,
naciii?noue, iecueeo iai?ioi?noue oiiae?a) ?noioii cieceoe noaaee
iiaeaoeiaeo a?ae?aooaaiue c n?eueainii?aei?e?inoa, ye? caeiathoueny
ae?iaieoeoaii, ia?a?iaeith ? ?aae?caoe??th iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe??. ?o
ianya ia iiaeiai ia?aaeuoaaoe 20-25% a aaeiaiio ianyc? ae?o/ee.
4. Noai?eoe a E?eio ia aac? N?ioa?iiieuenueeiai iioiai-?icae??aiiai
eiia?iaoo aeoe?iia?io eiiiai?th, c o?e?aeaie a e?oiieo i?noao
(Naaanoiiieue, Oaiaein?y, Ea?/) ? oeaio?ao ia?a?iaee iai/aai? ne?iaeie
(Aeaeaieie, Ieaeiueia??nuee, E?aniiaaa?ae?enuee, Naee), iniiaiith iaoith
ae?yeueiino? yei? aoaea i?aai?caoe?y oi?a?ae? iai/aaith ne?iaeiith ?
i?iaeoeoe??th ?? ia?a?iaee, c iaoith i?eoyaiaiiy noa’?eo?a
i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino? aei cae?eniaiiy iioiaeo iinoaaie,
ciaioaiiy ao?ao, i?aeaeuaiiy yeino? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? ? iaea?aeaiiy
i?eaooeo. Oea aeicaieeoue nei?ioeoe ao?aoe ia 25% ? cieceoe aeo?aoe
ia?ao a na?aaeiueiio ia 30%. A oe?iao 1998 ?. aeiiii?/iee aoaeo neeaaea
4,3 iei. a?i.
5. I??i?eoaoiei aeey aenii?oo aeciaoe ?eiie i?iaeiaieuenoaa ?in?enueei?
Oaaea?aoe??, ui ia? cia/io ?ii?noue, ?noi?e/ii ? aaia?ao?/ii aeecueeee.
?noioia ca?eueoaiiy aenii?oo iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? iiaeeeai a oiiaao
/eiiino? i?ae?aa?iiaeueieo oaiae ? i?aeaeuaiiy yeino? i?iaeoeoe??.
Ia?yaeo c oeei iaiao?aeii canoiniaoaaoe i?ioaeoe?ii?nonuee? caoiaee ii
caoenoo aeaniiai ?eieo: eaioe ? ieoi? noyaiaiiy.
6. Aeei?enoaoe aeey i?aeoe/ii? ?iaioe i?iaiic ?icaeoeo aaeoc?
iai/?aieoeoaa E?eio. Ca?aeii aeaiiai i?iaiico o 2010 ?. aoaea ae?iaeaii
675 oen. o iai/?a, 366 oen. o c ieo aoaea niiaeeoi o na?aeiio aeaeyae?,
a 309 oen. o aoaea iai?aaeaii ia ia?a?iaeo. C ieo 334,8 oen. o aoaea
aeo?a/aii ia niiaeeaaiiy i?noeaaei ianaeaiiyi, 105,0 oen. o —
a?aeii/eaath/eie ? 204,1 oen. o — aenii?oiaaii.
Nienie iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeue ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??
1. Eaa/aiei A.I. Yooaeoeaiinoue iaiuaaiaenoaa ia i?eonaaeaaiii o/anoea
// Yeiiiieea e oi?aaeaiea. –1996. –?1. –N.36-37.
2. Eaa/aiei A.I. Ia?a?aaioea naeueoici?iaeoeoeee a ianoao aa
i?iecaiaenoaa (a oacenao eiio. “Niaa?oainoaiaaiea iaoaieciia
oicyenoaiaaiey a noa?a aa?a?iiai naeoi?a E?uia”). –Neioa?iiieue, –1996.
–N.11-12.
3. Eaa/aiei A.I. Ioeaiea ?iee ia?a?aaioee ieiaeiiaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee a
yeiiiieea naeueoici?aaei?eyoee E?uia (a oacenao II-e Oe?aeineie
iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee “Nooaeaio e i?aiiaeaaaoaeue”)
–Neioa?iiieue, –1996, –N.81-83.
4. Eaa/aiei A.I. Yooaeoeaiinoue aicaeaeuaaiey iaiuae (oiiaoia) ia
i?eia?a aa?ioe?i “Ae?oaeaa ia?iaeia” e “?inney” // Yeiiiieea e
oi?aaeaiea. –1997. –?2. –N.35-36.
5. Eaa/aiei A.I. Onoaiiaeaiea oeai ia iaiuioth i?iaeoeoeeth iaaeaeo
i?iecaiaeeoaeyie e ia?a?aaio/eeaie i?e eioaa?e?iaaiiii i?iecaiaenoaa //
Yeiiiieea e oi?aaeaiea. –1997. –?5. –N.19-20.
6. Eaa/aiei A.I. Oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneia iainiiaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey aeey iieo/aiey e?aaeeoa. A eieaa “I?aeoeeoi ii
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoao”. -Neioa?iiieue: Oaa?ey, 1999. -N.34-43.
7. Eaa/aiei A.I. Oi?iu e?aaeeoiaaiey, i?eiaiyaiua a
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa. A eieaa “I?aeoeeoi ii i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoao”.
-Neioa?iiieue: Oaa?ey, 1999. -N.95-101.
EAA*AIEI Aieiaeeie? Ieeieaeiae/. Noaa?e?caoe?y oa iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie
aeiiii?ee iai/?aieoeoaa (ia i?eeeaae? eieaeoeaieo n?eueainii?aei?e?inoa
E?eio). ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.07.02 – “Aeiiii?ea n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ?
AIE”, E?einueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao.
A aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? i?iaaaeaiee aiae?c noaio, ui neeaany a
aeiiii?oe? ae?iaieoeoaa, ia?a?iaee ? ?aae?caoe?? iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe?? a
E?eio, iiaeeo?eiaai? e?eoa??? ? ?ic?iaeai? iieacieee ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? aaeoc? iai/?aieoeoaa. Cai?iiiiiaai? oi?ie ? caniae
i?iaaaeaiiy aca?iiaea?aeieo ?ic?aooie?a i?ae ae?iaieeaie ? ia?a?iaieeaie
iai/aai? i?iaeoeoe??. Noi?ioeueiaai? iniiai? iai?yiee eiioeaioe??
?icaeoeo iai/?aieoeoaa a E?eio.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: noaa?e?caoe?y aeiiii?ee iai/?aieoeoaa, nenoaia aaaeaiiy
iai/?aieoeoaa, e?eoa??? oa iieacieee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino?, eaiaee
?aae?caoe??, aoaeoeai?noue iai/?aieoeoaa.
EAA*AIEI Aeaaeeie? Ieeieaaae/. Noaaeeecaoeey e aeaeueiaeoaa ?acaeoea
yeiiiieee iaiuaaiaenoaa (ia i?eia?a eieeaeoeaiuo naeueoici?aaei?eyoee
E?uia). ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.07.02 – “Yeiiiieea naeueneiai oicyenoaa e AIE”,
E?uineee ainoaea?noaaiiue aa?a?iue oieaa?neoao.
A aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaioa i?iaiaeece?iaaiu iniaaiiinoe oi?ie?iaaiey e
yooaeoeaiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iaiuaaiaenoaa a ?acaeouo no?aiao,
iniiaaiiiai ia yeiiiie/aneie caeioa?aniaaiiinoe a iinoiyiiii
niaa?oainoaiaaiee i?iecaiaenoaa e o/aoa o?aaiaaiee iio?aaeoaey e
ea/anoao, anni?oeiaioo e iauaio i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee.
Ia ?acaeoea iaiuaaiaenoaa ieacuaaao aeeyiea ia oieueei aioo?aiiyy n?aaea
(nenoaia aaaeaiey iaiuaaiaenoaa), ii oaeaea e aiaoiyy n?aaea (i?yiia e
einaaiiia aicaeaenoaea). Einaaiiia aeeyiea ieacuaaao iieeoeea
ainoaea?noaa, nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea oneiaey, iao/iia e i?aaiaia
iaania/aiea e ae?.. Iaiin?aaenoaaiiia aeeyiea ieacuaatho: iinoaaueee,
iin?aaeieee, eiaanoi?u, iio?aaeoaee, i?aaiu aeanoe.
Auaeaeaiu ?uii/iua, i?iecaiaenoaaiiua, oiaa?iua e nauoiaua e?eoa?ee
ioeaiee yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe iaiuaaiaenoaa. Iniiaiuie ec ieo
yaeythony: iio?aaiinoue a iaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee e eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue,
ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey io?anee, nu?ueaaua ?ano?nu, oa?aeoa?enoeea iaiuiie
i?iaeoeoeee, oeaia ?aaeecaoeee e ae?oaea. Aeaiiua e?eoa?ee iiaeii
eiee/anoaaiii e ea/anoaaiii ioeaieoue n iiiiuueth ?yaea i?aaeeaaaaiuo
iieacaoaeae.
Ioeaiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiue iioaioeeae io?anee iaiuaaiaenoaa E?uia.
Auyaeaia oaiaeaioeey nieaeaiey aaeiauo nai?ia e iinaaiuo ieiuaaeae
iaiuae ai anao eaoaai?eyo oicyenoa.
Anni?oeiaio i?iecaiaeeiie iaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee iicaieyao oaeiaeaoai?eoue
ni?in aaniethoiiai aieueoeinoaa iio?aaeoaeae. ?ani?aaeaeaiea aaeiaiai
nai?a iaiuae ii oa??eoi?ee E?uia ia?aaiiia?ii. Iaeaieueoaa i?iecaiaenoai
nin?aaeioi/aii a oicyenoaao Naeneiai, Neioa?iiieueneiai,
E?aniiaaa?aeaeneiai e Aeaeaieieneiai ?aeiiia.
A aieueoeinoaa ?aeiiia ?anioaeeee i?iecaiaenoai iaiuae iaei?aioaaaeueii,
iaeiaei a ?aeiiao n aunieie eiioeaio?aoeeae iaiuaaiaenoaa o?iaaiue
?aioaaaeueiinoe i?aauoaao n?aaeiea iieacaoaee ii E?uio.
A eieeaeoeaiuo naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo ioia/aaony
oaiaeaioeey nieaeaiey /enea ia?a?aaaouaathueo i?aaei?eyoee, /eneaiiinoe
caiyouo ia ieo ?aai/eo, a oaeaea iauaiia auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee.
A noa?a ?aaeecaoeee iaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee iaaethaeaaony oaiaeaioeey
oaaee/aiey iauaiia aa?oa?iuo naeaeie e ?inoa i?iaeaae ia ai?iaeneeo
?uieao. Oaaee/eaaaony eiee/anoai i?iaeoeoeee, iieo/aiiie a n/ao iieaou
o?oaea. Yoi, ia?yaeo n ioiaiie aincaeaca e oiaiueoaieai ?iee
iio?aaeiiia?aoeee, noaei i?e/eiie ?ac?ooaiey aaeeiiai iioiaiai ?uiea
iaiuae e onei?eei oaiecaoeeth io?anee.
Nouanoaoao cia/eoaeueiay aeeooa?aioeeaoeey oeai ia iaiuioth i?iaeoeoeeth
a caaeneiinoe io eaiaeia ?aaeecaoeee. Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi ia aioo?aiiai
?uiea i?iaeieaeaaony ?ino oeai ia iaiuioth i?iaeoeoeeth, iuiaoiee eo
o?iaaiue ia iaania/eaaao aiciauaiea cao?ao ia eo i?iecaiaenoai.
Iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiui eaiaeii ?aaeecaoeee aeey eieeaeoeaiuo
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee yaeyaony i?iaeaaea iaiuae ii i?yiui
oicyenoaaiiui naycyi. Yenii?o iaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee yaeyaony
iaeiyooaeoeaiui. Yoi iaoneiaeaii aunieeie o?ainii?oiuie ecaea?aeeaie e
cia/eoaeueiuie oaiiaeaiiuie ?anoiaeaie. Iieiaeeoaeueiui iiiaioii
yaeyaony ioiineoaeueiay noaaeeecaoeey oeai ia ?aaeecoaioth i?iaeoeoeeth
e, eae neaaenoaea, nieaeaiea eiaeaena ?inoa oeai a n?aaiaiee n
i?aaeoanoaothueie aiaeaie.
A oeaeyo noaaeeecaoeee iaiuaaiaenoaa ?ac?aaioai i?iaiic ?acaeoey
io?anee, a eioi?ii i?aaeeaaaaony inouanoaeaiea ?yaea ia?, a oii /enea ia
ainoaea?noaaiiii o?iaia:
– i?ioaeoeeiienoneay iieeoeea ii caueoa ioa/anoaaiiiai
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiiai ?uiea io eiii?oiie iaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee,
iin?aaenoaii aaaaeaiey a?aiaiiuo oaiiaeaiiuo iioeei e eaio;
– nieaeaiea aeaaeaiey iaeiaiaiai i?anna ia naeueoici?iecaiaeeoaeae,
caieiathueony i?iecaiaenoaii, ia?a?aaioeie e ?aaeecaoeeae iaiuiie
i?iaeoeoeee, iauai iaeiaiauo io/eneaiee ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue 20-25% a
aaeiaii iauaia au?o/ee;
– ?anoe?aiea yenii?oiuo aiciiaeiinoae aeey ioa/anoaaiiie iaiuaaiae/aneie
i?iaeoeoeee, iooai ainnoaiiaeaiey o?aaeeoeeiiiuo ?uieia nauoa, i?aaeaea
anaai ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee;
– nicaeaiea yooaeoeaiiai nianoaaiieea a aa?a?iii naeoi?a yeiiiieee.
I?ei?eoaoii aeieaeia yaeyoueny /anoiay nianoaaiiinoue ia caieth, n
iiyaeaieai eioi?ie i?iecieaeao ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea caiee a iieueco oao,
eoi iaeaaeaao iaoa?eaeueiuie e oeiainiauie aiciiaeiinoyie aeey
yooaeoeaiiai aaaeaiey oicyenoaa;
– noeioee?iaaiea i?eaea/aiey eiaanoeoeee a iaiuaaiaenoai E?uia,
iin?aaenoaii ainoaea?noaaiiuo aa?aioee, eueaioiiai iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey;
– eaaaeecaoeey “oaiaaie” yeiiiieee e ai?ueaa n ei??oioeeae a noa?a
aa?iaeciana.
Ia o?iaia i?aaei?eyoee:
– i?aia?aciaaiea nia?aiaiiuo eieeaeoeaiuo naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee a aeoeeiia?iua iauanoaa ioe?uoiai oeia, /oi iicaieeo
i?eaea/ue aeiiieieoaeueiue eaieoae e iiauneoue yooaeoeaiinoue aaaeaiey
oicyenoaa;
– ?ac?aaioea e aiaae?aiea iiauo oaoiieiaee i?iecaiaenoaa e ia?a?aaioee
iaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee, i?eaioe?iaaiiuo ia ieieiecaoeeth, yia?ainaa?aaeaiea
e eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue;
– inouanoaeaiea yeiiiie/aneiai ?an/aoa iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa e
ia?a?aaioee iaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee a caaeneiinoe io ?uii/iie eiiuthieoo?u
oeai, ni?ina, i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aacu e ?ano?nia.
Auyaeaii e eiee/anoaaiii ioeaiaii aeeyiea oaeoi?ia, aicaeaenoaothueo ia
nenoaio iaiuaaiaenoaa E?uia, a oaeaea niioaaonoaea oaeoe/aneiai o?iaiy
?acaeoey iaiuaaiaenoaa a E?uio ie?iaui o?aaiaaieyi e cia/aiea aeaiiuo
oaeoi?ia ia ia?niaeoeao.
I?aaeeiaeaiu iaoiaeu i?iaaaeaiey acaeiiauaiaeiuo ?an/aoia iaaeaeo
i?iecaiaeeoaeyie e ia?a?aaio/eeaie iaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee. Noi?ioee?iaaiu
iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey eiioeaioeee ?acaeoey iaiuaaiaenoaa a E?uio.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: noaaeeecaoeey yeiiiieee iaiuaaiaenoaa, nenoaia aaaeaiey
iaiuaaiaenoaa, e?eoa?ee e iieacaoaee yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe, eaiaeu
?aaeecaoeee, yooaeoeaiinoue iaiuaaiaenoaa.
LEVCHENKO Vladimir Nikolaevich. Stabilization and further development
economy of vegetable production (on an example of the collective farms
of Crimea). Manuscript.
The dissertation for the master of science degree in economics by
speciality 08.07.02 – “Economy of the Agricultural and Agro-Industrial
Complex (AIC)”, Crimean state agrarian university.
In the dissertation, was being done the analysis of the situation in
economy of manufacture, processing and realization of vegetable
production in Crimea, were modified the criteria and the parameters of
an estimation of an economic efficiency of branch vegetable production
were developed. Were offered the forms and methods of realization of
mutually advantageous accounts between the vegetable manufacturers and
processing enterprises. Were formulated the basic directions of the
concept of development vegetable production in Crimea.
Key words: stabilization of economy vegetable production, system of
conducting vegetable production, the criteria and parameters of an
economic efficiency, channels of realization, efficiency vegetable
production
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