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Стійкість тонкостінних елементів конструкцій з урахуванням недосконалостей форми: Автореф. дис… канд. техн. наук / Д.Е. Прусов, Київ. держ. техн. ун

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Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao

aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e

I?onia Aeieo?i Aaeoa?aeiae/

OAeE 539.3

NO?EE?NOUe OIIEINO?IIEO AEAIAIO?A EIINO?OEOe?E

C O?AOOAAIIssI IAAeINEIIAEINOAE OI?IE

05.23.17 — aoae?aaeueia iaoai?ea

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioo aeeiiaii ia eaoaae?? aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee Ee?anueeiai
iaoe?iiaeueiiai

oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e (EIOAA) I?i?noa?noaa
ina?oe Oe?a?ie

oa a Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiio ?inoeooo? aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee EIOAA.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee — aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee Aioeoeye ?aaai Ieaenaiae?iae/, Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee

?inoeooo aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee i?e EIOAA,

caa?aeoth/ee a?aeae?eii no?eeino? eiino?oeoe?e.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe — aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Naiaithe Ieeiea Iaaeiae/, ?inoeooo iaoai?ee

?i. N.I.Oeiioaiea IAI Oe?a?ie (i. Ee?a),

aieiaiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee;

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Aaaeia Ieaenaiae? Aieiaeeie?iae/, Oe?a?inueeee

o?ainii?oiee oi?aa?neoao I?iina?oe Oe?a?ie (i. Ee?a),

aeioeaio eaoaae?e ?iaeaia?ii? ? eiii’thoa?ii? a?ao?ee.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa — Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee
oi?aa?neoao

aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e, eaoaae?a aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee,

I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie (i. Oa?e?a).

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 14 ” o?aaiy 1999 ?. i 13 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.056.04 a
Ee?anueeiio iaoe?iiaeueiiio

oi?aa?neoao? aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e ca aae?anith:

252037, Ee?a-37, Iia?o?ioeionueeee i?iniaeo, 31.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Ee?anueeiai

iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e ca
aae?anith:

252037, Ee?a-37, Iia?o?ioeionueeee i?iniaeo, 31.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 9 ” ea?oiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,

e.o.i., n.i.n. Eia??a A.A.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Oiie? iaieiiee aeei?enoiaothoueny ye a?aeiia?aeaeuei? aeaiaioe
no/anieo eiino?oeoe?e a aoae?aieoeoa?, iaoeiiaoaeoaaii?,
i?eeaaeiaoaeoaaii? oa ?ioeo aaeocyo oaoi?ee. Aea?? iaea?eueo
?aoe?iiaeueieo ??oaiue i?e ?o i?iaeooaaii? i?ecaiaeeoue, ye
i?aaeei, aei oiai, ui ae/a?ioaaiiy ?o iano/i? caeaoiino?
aecia/a?oueny ao?aoith no?eeino?. Nooo?aee aieea ia aaee/eio
e?eoe/iiai iaaaioaaeaiiy i?e oeueiio ni?aaeythoue ii/aoeia?
aaiiao?e/i? iaaeineiiaeino?, iiyaa yeeo iaieio/a a i?ioean?
ae?iaieoeoaa, o?ainii?ooaaiiy ? iiioaaeo.

?ic?aooiee iaaeineiiaeeo iaieiiie aeia?eueii? oi?ie ia no?ee?noue a
eiino?oeoi?nuee?e i?aeoeoe? i?iaeooaaiiy i?iaiaeeoueny aeaiia
niiniaaie. Ia?oee c ieo a?oioo?oueny ia aaaaeaii? oi?ie
iaaeineiiaeinoae aaciina?aaeiuei a aaiiao?e/i? ia?aiao?e
eiino?oeoe??. Oaeee i?aeo?ae aei ?ica’yceo iae?i?eii? caaea/?
aeicaiey? iaea?eueo oi/ii ? iiaii iienaoe iiaaae?ieo eiino?oeoe??
a i?ioean? ao?aoe no?eeino?, aea a?i ia caaaeaee aeicaiey?
aeeiiaoe iaiao?aeio e?euee?noue aa??aio?a ?ic?aooieo oa
oe?eani?yiiaaio ia?iaeo /enaeueiiai aenia?eiaioo.

Ae?oaee niin?a ioe?iee /ooeeaino? eiino?oeoe?? aei iaaeineiiaeinoae
cae?enith?oueny oaeiae ia iniia? aneiioioe/ii? oai??? Eieoa?a. Aea
oai??y Eieoa?a aeei?enoiaoaaeanue /ano?oa a i?eiouaii? e?i?eii?
aeie?eoe/ii? iiaaae?iee ?ica’yceo, ui iaiaaeo? oe?iea canoinoaaiiy
?? o aeiaaeeo aeine?aeaeaiiy no?eeino? iaieiiie aeia?eueii?
oi?ie c o?aooaaiiyi aeie?eoe/ii? aeaoi?iaoe??. E??i oeueiai,
iaoiae Eieoa?a ia iiaeia canoiniaoaaoe i?e iayaiino? ia e?ea?e
iaaaioaaeaiiy a?aie/ii? oi/ee.

A aeai?e ?iaio? i?iiiio?oueny iaoiaeeea oa i?ia?aiiee eiiieaen,
ye? aeicaieythoue i?iaiaeeoe aeine?aeaeaiiy oiieino?iieo
iaieiieiaeo eiino?oeoe?e aeia?eueii? oi?ie c o?aooaaiiyi
ii/aoeiaeo aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae a noaoe/i?e ? aeeiai?/i?e
iinoaiiaeao.

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Iayai? a e?oa?aoo?? aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee,
ui naia ii/aoeia? i?iaeie ? aieiaiith i?e/eiith ?iceeaeo
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo ? iacaaeia?eueii? ei?aeyoe?? i?ae
oai?aoe/ieie ?acoeueoaoaie oa aeaieie aenia?eiaio?a. I?ioa, oea
iieiaeaiiy ia noi?iaiaeaeoaaeinue nenoaiaoe/ieie aeine?aeaeaiiyie
oa oe?ieei ai?iaaaeaeaiiyi oai??? ii/aoeiaeo iaaeineiiaeinoae a
?iaeaia?io i?aeoeeo. sse i?aaeei, aeine?aeaeaiiy no?eeino?
iaieiiie c o?aooaaiiyi aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae i?iaiaeeeinue
aeey iaieiiie i?inoeo eaiii?/ieo oi?i. Oaeiae iaaeinoaoiuei
aea/aia iiaaae?iea iaieiieiaeo aeaiaio?a a i?ioean? aeeiai?/ii?
ao?aoe no?eeino?. Aeoiaey/e c oeueiai iiaeia noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui
noai?aiiy aaeaeaaoii? iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae?, aoaeoeaii? /enaeueii?
iaoiaeeee oa i?ia?aiiiai caaacia/aiiy aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy
no?eeino? oiieino?iieo aeaiaio?a iaieiiie neeaaeieo oi?i c
o?aooaaiiyi ii/aoeiaeo iaaeineiiaeinoae o noaoe/i?e oa aeeiai?/i?e
iinoaiiaeao, ? aeooaeueiith i?iaeaiith aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie.

Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa aeeiiaia o a?aeiia?aeiino? aei caaaeueiiai
ieaio aeine?aeaeaiue eaoaae?e aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee Ee?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e
oa Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiio ?inoeooo? aoae?aaeueii? iaoai?ee
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie i?e EAeOOAA ca oaiaie 11AeA-95:
“?ic?iaea iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae oa aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiai?/ii?
iiaaae?iee iaieiiie neeaaeii? oi?ie” (? aea?ae.?a?no?aoe??
0195019521) oa 1AeA-96: “Noai?aiiy ocaaaeueiaii? oai??? ?
iaoiae?a /enaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaoi?ioaaiiy neeaaeieo
iaoai?/ieo nenoai i?e eiiieaenieo iaaaioaaeaiiyo c o?aooaaiiyi
aca?iiae?? ??ciiiai?oieo o?ce/ieo i?ioean?a” (? aea?ae.?a?no?aoe??
0196U016050), ui aeeiioaaeenue ca iai?yieii 04 “Aeieia?/ii /enoa
aia?aaoeea oa ?ano?nicaa??aath/? oaoiieia??”.

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaathoue a ?ic?iaoe? oa
?aae?caoe?? aoaeoeaii? /enaeueii? iaoiaeeee oa i?ia?aiiiai
caaacia/aiiy aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy no?eeino? neeaaeieo oiieino?iieo
iaieiiie c o?aooaaiiyi ii/aoeiaeo iaaeineiiaeinoae oi?ie a
noaoe/i?e ? aeeiai?/i?e iinoaiiaeao, ye? aeicaieythoue ae??ooaaoe
oe?ieee eean i?aeoe/ieo caaea/ c aeei?enoaiiyi AII.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Ia iniia? neioaco
iaoiaeo e?eaie?i?eieo n?oie, iaoiaeo ?aaeoeoe?? aaceno ?
aneiioioe/ii? oai??? Eieoa?a noai?aiee aoaeoeaiee /enaeueiee
aeai?eoi aeine?aeaeaiiy iae?i?eiiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy ? ao?aoe
no?eeino? oiieino?iieo eiino?oeoe?e c ii/aoeiaeie iaaeineiiaeinoyie
oi?ie a noaoe/i?e ? aeeiai?/i?e iinoaiiaeao. A?aei?ii?noue
aeaii? iaoiaeeee iieyaa? a iiaeeeaino? aea/aiiy e?eaeo
iaaaioaaeaiiy c iaoith aeyaeaiiy iniaeeaeo oi/ie ( a?aie/ieo ?
a?oo?eaoe?eieo, ui aeicaiey? aiae?coaaoe i?ioean iae?i?eiiai
aeaoi?ioaaiiy iaieiieiaeo eiino?oeoe?e aeia?eueii? oi?ie ?
/ooeea?noue ?o aei iaaeineiiaeinoae.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a ?aae?caoe??
ia AII i?ia?aiiiai eiiieaeno aeey ?ica’ycaiiy caaea/ no?eeino?
oiieino?iieo iaieiieiaeo eiino?oeoe?e c o?aooaaiiyi ii/aoeiaeo
aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae. Cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea ? noai?aia
ia ?? iniia? i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy iiaea canoiniaoaaoenue i?e
i?iaeooaaii? ? ?ic?aooieao ?aaeueieo ia’?eo?a i?iieneiaiai ?
oeea?eueiiai aoae?aieoeoaa (iie?eooy aoae?aaeue oa nii?oae,
o?oaii?iaiaee, ?aca?aoa?e), a iaoeiiaoaeoaaii? (c’?aeiaiiy
iaieiieiaeo aeaiaio?a, i?aee??ieaiiy ?o ?aa?aie aei?noeino? oa
iineaaeaiiy ioai?aie, ioe?iea aieeao ao?aoe no?eeino? ie?aieo aeaiaio?a
ia i?oei?noue eiino?oeoe?? a oe?eiio) oa a ?ioeo aaeocyo oaoi?ee.
Iaoiaeeea oa noai?aiee ia ?? iniia? iaeao i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai
aeei?enoiaothoueny a Oe?a?inueeiio aea?aeaaiiio ?inoeooo? ii
i?iaeooaaiith ia’?eo?a aei?iaeiueiai ainiiaea?noaa.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a.

A aeenna?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? aeeeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe oai?aoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue no?eeino? iaaeineiiaeeo iaieiiie, ye? io?eiai? aaoi?ii
iniaenoi. ?icaeiooi iaoiaeeeo /enaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oiieeo
iaieiiie ? oaeineiiaeaii iaeao i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai noiniaii aei
?ic?aooieo iaieiiie c o?aooaaiiyi aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae. A
noi?nieo ?iaioao [1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14] aaoi?ii aeeiiaia
/enaeueia ?aae?caoe?y iaoiaeeee oa aeine?aeaeaia no?ee?noue
eiino?oeoe?e.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeenna?oaoe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeenue ia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo
eiioa?aioe?yo Ee?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e: 56-e (1995 ?.), 57-e (1996 ?.), 58-e
(1997 ?.) oa 59-e (1998 ?.); ia 1-e i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe??
“YII-96” (Nieeai?ne, Aaea?onue, 1996 a.); ia 19-io I?aeia?iaeiiio
iaoeiaiio neiiic?oi? iieiaeeo a/aieo (Zielona Gora, Polska, 1997);
ia I?aeia?iaeiiio eiia?an? “IEIE-98” (Iineaa, ?inney, 1998 a.).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ii oai? aeenna?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 14 ?ia?o.

No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, /ioe?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo e?oa?aoo?e ? aeaio aeiaeaoe?a. Caaaeueiee
ianya aeena?oaoe?? noaiiaeoue 137 noi??iie ? i?noeoue 34 ?enoiee oa 5
oaaeeoeue. A?ae?ia?ao?y ia?aoiao? 187 iaeiaioaaiue.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? iaa?oioiaaia aaaeeea?noue ? aeooaeuei?noue ieoaiue,
ae??oaiith yeeo i?enay/aia aeena?oaoe?y. Aeaia caaaeueia
oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe.

A ia?oiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeaiee iaeyae oaiaoe/ieo ?ia?o, ye?
i?noyoue ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aieeao ii/aoeiaeo aaiiao?e/ieo
iaaeineiiaeinoae ia noaoe/io ? aeeiai?/io no?ee?noue oiieino?iieo
iaieiiie, iieiaeaiiy iae?i?eii? oai??? iaieiiie, iaoiaee
aeine?aeaeaiue.

Iniiae iae?i?eii? oai??? aeaoi?ioaaiiy oa no?eeino? iaieiiie
i?noyoueny a i?aoeyo I.N.Aieuei??a, E.C.Aae?iiaa, O.I.Ioooa??,
L.H.Donnel oa ?ioeo.

Aeine?aeaeaiith aaiiao?e/ii iae?i?eieo i?ioean?a aeaoi?ioaaiiy
oiieino?iieo aeaiaio?a eiino?oeoe?e c aeei?enoaiiyi /enaeueieo
cania?a i?enay/ai? ?iaioe A.A.Aaaeaiiaa, I.A.Aae?oa?e?,
A.A.Aaeaeae/oea, ?.I.Aioeoeyea, A.?.A?eaiethea, ss.I.A?eai?aiea,
I.I.Aocy, A.?.Aoey?aa, ?.N.Aeaooy?thea, A.ss.Eaioi?a, I.N.Ei?i?oeia,
A.I.E?enueei, I.N.Naoa?iaa, A.?.Oaeaoee?ia, B.O.Almroth, A.K.Noor
oa ?i.

Iaoiaeeea ioe?iee no?eeino? iaaeineiiaeeo oiieino?iieo iaieiiie a
inoaii? ?iee io?eiaea cia/iee ?icaeoie caaaeyee ?iaioai
?.ss.Ai??i, A.I.Ca?ooeueeiai, I.I.Naiaithea, W.T. Koiter,
J.W.Hutchinson oa ?ioeo, a yeeo aoee ?ic?iaeai? oai??y oa
iaoiaee o?aooaaiiy aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae.

Iacaaaeath/e ia aeinoaoiuei aaeeeo e?euee?noue ioae?eaoe?e oa
cia/io aeine?aeieoeueeo ?iaioo, yea i?iaiaeeeanue inoaii?i /anii,
i?iaeaia ioe?iee aieeao aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae ia
no?ee?noue iaieiiie caeeoa?oueny aeooaeueiith.

Ae?oaee ?icae?e i?enay/aiee aeeeaaeaiith iaoiaeeee, yea aeicaiey?
i?iaiaeeoe aeine?aeaeaiiy oiieino?iieo iaieiieiaeo eiino?oeoe?e
aeia?eueii? oi?ie c o?aooaaiiyi ii/aoeiaeo aaiiao?e/ieo
iaaeineiiaeinoae i?e noaoe/ieo ? aeeiai?/ieo iaaaioaaeaiiyo a
aaiiao?e/ii iae?i?ei?e iinoaiiaoe?. Iaaaaeai? ne?i/aiii-??cieoeaa?
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy iae?i?eii? oai??? oiieeo iaieiiie. Aeeeaaeai?
iniiai? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy ( iaoiae ?aaeoeoe?? aaceno, iaoiae
e?eaie?i?eieo n?oie ? aneiioioe/ia oai??y Eieoa?a, ia iniia?
neioaco yeeo noai?aii cai?iiiiiaaiee aeai?eoi.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy a?oioothoueny ia aaiiao?e/ii iae?i?ei?e oai???
oiieeo i?oaeieo iaieiiie. ?ica’ycoth/? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
noi?ioeueiaai? o aaeoi?iiio aeaeyae? a caaaeuei?e e?eaie?i?ei?e
nenoai? eii?aeeiao. ??aiyiiy ?ooo iathoue aeaeyae:

, (1)

( aaeoi?e eieaeueiiai aaceno, m — iana aeaiaioa iaieiiee, a —
ooiaeaiaioaeueiee aecia/iee iao?e/iiai oaici?a.

aeaoi?iaoe?e ni?aa?aeiioaiiyie, ui aeo?eathoue ?c caeiio noaio
oai??? i?oaeiino?:

; (2)

, (3)

aea h — oiaueia iaieiiee; A — iiaeoeue i?oaeiino?; ( — eiao?oe??io
Ioaniia.

o aeaeyae?:

; (4)

, (5)

.

Aaiiao?e/ia iae?i?ei?noue ? iaaeineiiaeino? i?eeiathoueny a
??aiyiiyo ?ooo /a?ac o?aooaaiiy aieeao iiai?ioo aacenieo
aaeoi??a, a oaeiae o iaia?aiieo aeaoi?iaoe?yo /a?ac o?aooaaiiy
eaaae?aoe/ieo /eai?a.

Aeaaa?a?caoe?y ii i?inoi?iaeo eii?aeeiaoao aeeoa?aioe?aeueieo
ni?aa?aeiioaiue aeeiio?oueny ia iniia? iaoiaeo e?eaie?i?eieo
n?oie, yeee ? ocaaaeueiaiiyi iaoiaeo ne?i/aiieo ??cieoeue o
aeiaaeeo aeene?aoecaoe?? aaeoi?ieo ni?aa?aeiioaiue a e?eaie?i?ei?e
nenoai? eii?aeeiao. Iaoiae e?eaie?i?eieo n?oie ia? iie?auaio
ca?aei?noue, ni?iuaio i?ioeaaeo?o iiaoaeiae ne?i/aiii-??cieoeaaeo
??aiyiue a i?noeyo ceiio iiaa?oiae ? ia a?eueieo e?ayo
iaieiiee. Aeey aeene?aoecaoe?? aeeoa?aioe?aeueieo ni?aa?aeiioaiue
oai??? iaieiiie iaoiaeii e?eaie?i?eieo n?oie aeei?enoiao?oueny
aiae?oe/iee ae?ac eiaa??aioii? iio?aeii? o aaeoi?iiio aeaeyae?:

, (6)

.

I?e ne?i/aiii-??cieoeaa?e ai?ieneiaoe?? (6) a oi/oe? E
??cieoeaaee aiaeia eiaa??aioii? iio?aeii? ia? aeaeyae:

. (7)

aei??aith? oi/ii ioeth.

A ?acoeueoao? aeene?aoecaoe?? ??aiyiiy (1) iaea?aeaia nenoaia cae/aeieo
??aiyiue ?ooo:

(8)

,

? o. ae.

?ioaa?oaaiiy aaeeei? nenoaie iae?i?eieo cae/aeieo
aeeoa?aioe?aeueieo ??aiyiue iia’ycaii c? cia/ieie ia/enethaaeueieie
o?oaeiiuaie. Oiio ia?aae ?ioaa?oaaiiyi nenoaie canoiniao?ii
i?ioeaaeo?o cieaeaiiy ?? ii?yaeeo, aeei?enoiaoth/e /enaeueiee
aa??aio iaoiaeo Aoaiiaa ca noaiith Iaieiae/a, ia iniia?
aaoiiaoe/ii iiaoaeiaaieo aacenieo aaeoi??a, ca ye? i?eeiathoueny
aaeoi? ?ica’yceo caaea/? noaoeee a?ae caaeaiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy aac
o?aooaaiiy ci?ie ?? a /an? oa aeayea e?euee?noue ieae/eo
aeanieo aaeoi??a caaea/? no?eeino? aai aeeiai?ee.

Caaea/a i?i aeani? cia/aiiy ?ica’yco?oueny oaeiae ca aeiiiiiaith
iaoiaea ?aaeoeoe?? aacena. Ooeaiee aeaniee aaeoi?
i?aaenoaaey?oueny o aeaeyae? ?icaeiaiiy o ?yae e?i?eii iacaeaaeieo
aaeoi??a, ye? iiaeooue aooe aecia/ai? /a?ac ?ica’ycie noaoe/ieo
caaea/. Ca iaaaioaaeaiiy, a aeaiiio aeiaaeeo, i?eeiathoueny
cina?aeaeai? aai ?iciiae?eai? ia aeayeeo ae?eyieao ciai?oi? neee.
Iaiaaeaiiy /enea /eai?a ?icaeiaiiy a iia?aoe?? i?iaeooaaiiy
i?ecaiaeeoue aei caaea/? ia aeani? cia/aiiy, ii?yaeie yei?
aeyaey?oueny ?noioii ieae/ei ca ii?yaeie aeo?aeii? caaea/?.

Aeey iie?auaiiy ca?aeiino? iaoiaeo ?aaeoeoe?? iae?i?eii? caaea/?
?aae?co?oueny iaeei e?ie ?oa?aoe?eiiai i?ioeano. Aaeoi? iaa?aeiieo U
i?aaenoaaey?oueny o aeaeyae? noie aeayeiai iio?aeiiai aaeoi?a V ?
aaeoi?a Z, iaea?aeaiiai c ?ica’yceo caaea/? noaoeee a?ae eaaae?aoe/iiai
a?aeoeeo. Oaea cai?ia aaeoi?a iaa?aeiieo i?ecaiaeeoue aei nenoaie a?eueo
neeaaeiiai aeaeyaeo, yea i?ioa ia? iie?auaio ca?aei?noue ii a?aeiioaiith
aei ai?ieneiaoe?? e?i?eii? eiia?iaoe?? aacenieo aaeoi??a. Cae?enithth/e
cai?oeo iae?i?eiiai iia?aoi?a ca iaoiaeii Aoaiiaa, iaea?aeo?ii nenoaio
iae?i?eieo aeaaa?a?/ieo aai cae/aeieo aeeoa?aioe?aeueieo ??aiyiue
a?aeiinii eiao?oe??io?a ?icaeiaiiy, yea iiaea aooe ?ica’ycaia ca
aeiiiiiaith iaoiaeo i?iaeiaaeaiiy ?ica’ycaiiy ii ia?aiao?o o aeiaaeeo
noaoe/ii? no?eeino?, aai i?i?ioaa?iaaia ca aeiiiiiaith iaoiaeo
?oiaa-Eoooa o aeiaaeeo aeeiai?/ii? no?eeino?:

(9)

O?a?eoi??y iaaaioaaeaiiy aoaeo?oueny ca aeiiiiiaith aeene?aoiiai iaoiaeo
i?iaeiaaeaiiy ca ia?aiao?ii c ei?aeoe??th ?ica’yceo ia eiaeiiio e?ioe?.
Oi?ioea, yea ?aae?co? oeae aeai?eoi, aeicaiey?, aeoiaey/e c ii/aoeiaiai
iaiaaaioaaeaiiai noaio, iine?aeiaiei ca?eueoaiiyi ia?aiao?a ciaoiaeeoe
a?aeiia?aei? iaaeeaeai? ?ica’ycee ??aiyiue.

Ii/aoeia? iaaeineiiaeino? a?aoiaothoueny ye cao?aiiy ?ica’yceo ?
iiaeooue aooe caaeai? o aeaeyae? eiia?iaoe?? aaeoi??a aaceno. ?ic?iaeaia
iaoiaeeea aeicaiey? ?ica’ycoaaoe caaea/? iae?i?eiiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy
iaieiiie aeia?eueii? oi?ie ? aiae?coaaoe e?ea? iaaaioaaeaiiy c iaoith
aeyaeaiiy iniaeeaeo oi/ie ( a?aie/ieo oa a?oo?eaoe?eieo. E??i oiai,
oaeee i?aeo?ae aeicaiey? oaeiae aea/aoe i?ioean iae?i?eiiai
aeaoi?ioaaiiy eiino?oeoe?e oa /ooeea?noue ?o aei iaaeineiiaeinoae,
a?oiooth/enue ia aeei?enoaii? aneiioioe/ii? oai??? Eieoa?a.

Aeoiaey/e c ?aaeoeiaaii? nenoaie ??aiyiue

, (10)

, yeee oa?aeoa?eco? cao?aiiy iaieiiee ii a?oo?eaoe?ei?e oi?i?.

.

a?ae ia?aiao?a iaaeineiiaeino?, ui caaeaia ii a?oo?eaoe?ei?e
oi?i?, aeei?enoiaoth/e iaaeeaeai? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy:

;

(11)

.

Aiae?c ieae/eo aeanieo cia/aiue ? aeanieo aaeoi??a iao?eoe? sseia?
aeicaiey? aeyaeoe iniaeea? oi/ee ia e?ea?e iaaaioaaeaiiy ? i?iaeiaaeeoe
?ica’ycaiiy ye i?ney a?aie/ii? oi/ee, oae ? i?ney oi/ee a?oo?eaoe??.
A?aie/ia cia/aiiy ia?aiao?a iaaaioaaeaiiy, i?e yeiio iaeii ?c aeanieo
cia/aiue ia?aoai?th?oueny ia ioeue, ? e?eoe/iei. A oe?e oi/oe?
iaiao?aeii aeine?aeeoe iiaeeea?noue ?icaaeoaeaiiy o?a?eoi???
iaaaioaaeaiiy. I?e oeueiio, yeui a?aeiia?aeiee aeaniee aaeoi? ?
i?oiaiiaeueiei aaeoi?o ?ica’yceo, oi a?ae iniiaii? o?a?eoi???
a?aeaaeoaeo?oueny a?oo?eaoe?eia a?oea. A oe?e iniaeea?e oi/oe?
?aae?co?oueny ao?aoa no?eeino? ia?oiai ?iaeo. sseui aeaniee aaeoi?, ui
a?aeiia?aea? ioeueiaiio aeaniiio cia/aiith, ? iai?oiaiiaeueiei
aaeoi?o ?ica’yceo, oi oaea iniaeeaa oi/ea ? a?aie/iith ? a i?e
?aae?co?oueny ao?aoa no?eeino? ae?oaiai ?iaeo. A ieie? iniaeeai? oi/ee
iao?eoey aei?noeino? ae?iaeaeo?oueny ? oiio i?iaeiaaeaiiy o?a?eoi??? ii
aeaiiio aeai?eoio noa? iaiiaeeeaei. Aeey iiaeieaiiy oe??? o?oaeiino? a
a?aie/i?e oi/oe? ia?aiao? iaaaioaaeaiiy i?ecia/a?oueny aeiaeaoeiaei
iaa?aeiiei, a i?ia?aeiei ia?aiao?ii noa? eiiiiiaioa ooeaiiai aaeoi?a
?ica’yceo, a?aeiia?aeia aei iaeneiaeueii? eiiiiiaioe aeaniiai aaeoi?a.
Aeey iiaoaeiae a?oo?eaoe?eii? a?oee ooi/ith?oueny iieiaeaiiy iniaeeai?
oi/ee ia e?ea?e iaaaioaaeaiiy ? aei iaa?iiaaeaeaiiai aaeoi?a ?ica’yceo
aeiaea?oueny aeaniee aaeoi? c aeayeei ni?aiiiaeieeii.

O?ao?e ?icae?e i?noeoue noeneo ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i i?ia?aiiee
eiiieaen, a yeiio ?aae?ciaaia cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea. Iaaaaeaiee
iien no?oeoo?e ao?aeieo oa aeo?aeieo aeaieo caaea/?, yea
ae??oo?oueny.

O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? c iaoith aeaiiino?aoe?? iiaeeeainoae
cai?iiiiiaaii? iaoiaeeee ? aeey ia?aa??ee ?? a??ia?aeiino? oa
oi?aa?naeueiino? iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe /enaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue caaea/
no?eeino? iaaeineiiaeeo iaieiiie, na?aae yeeo caaea/? no?eeino? e?oaiai?
a?ee, iieiai? oi?i?aeaeueii? iaiae?, eii?/ii? iaiae?, i?aee??ieaii?
i?eciaoe/ii? neeaae/anoi? nenoaie.

?icaeyiooa noaoe/ia ? aeeiai?/ia no?ee?noue iieiai? e?oaiai? aei?noei
caoeniooi? a?ee (?en. 1), yea ia? ii/aoeia? aaiiao?e/i? iaaeineiiaeino?.
Aeey ?ica’ycaiiy caaea/? i?i no?ee?noue a?ee ca aaceni? aaeoi?e
i?eeiyo? noaoe/iee ?ica’ycie ? /ioe?e ieae/? oi?ie ao?aoe no?eeino?.

aeine?aeaeaii aieea iaaeineiiaeinoae a?ee, ye? caaeai? ii ia?o?e
(einineiao?e/i?e) oi?i? (?en. 2), a oaeiae ii ae?oa?e (neiao?e/i?e)
oi?i? (?en. 3).

Aeine?aeaeaii aieea o?eaaeino? ae?? aeeiai?/iiai iaaaioaaeaiiy, yea
caaeaia a oi?i? i?yiieooiiai ?iioeueno. Ciaioaiiy o?eaaeino? ?iioeueno
a?aenoaa? e?eoe/ia iaaaioaaeaiiy a a?e eiai ca?eueoaiiy ? ae??aith?
no?eaie i?iaeio.

Aaiethoe?ei? e?ea? iaaaaeai? aeey aeie?eoe/iiai (?en.4) ? cae?eoe/iiai
(?en.5) cia/aiue iaaaioaaeaiiy, ye? a?ae??ciythoueny o i’yoiio ciaoe?.
Oey ianoaaeia na?ae/eoue i?i iayai?noue /?oei ae?aaeaiiai no?eaea
i?iaeio, yeee oa?aeoa?eco? ao?aoo no?eeino?, oiaoi i?e c?inoaii?
aaee/eie iaaaioaaeaiiy ia nioo aeieth a?aenioea i?iaei ca?eueoo?oueny a
aeanyoee ?ac?a. Oa?aeoa?ii, ui a ?acoeueoao? ao?aoe no?eeino?
anoaiiaeth?oueny /?oei ae?aaeaiee ia??iaee/iee ?oo. Oeae oaeo na?ae/eoue
i?i yaeua naiii?aai?caoe?? i?inoi?iai-/aniai? no?oeoo?e nenoaie, yea
iiaea aenooiaoe ye e?eoa??e aeeiai?/ii? ao?aoe no?eeino?

?icaeyiooa no?ee?noue iieiai? oi?i?aeaeueii? iaiae? aeiaeaoii? aaoniai?
e?eaecie, aei?noei caoeniooi? ia eiioo?? (?en. 6). Aeyaeaiee ie?e
ianoaa?eueii? iiaaae?iee eiino?oeoe?? (?en. 7), a yeiio iano?ee?
ae?aiaciie ci?iththoueny no?eeeie, oiaoi /?oeiai ia?aoiaeo a?ae
aeie?eoe/iiai aei cae?eoe/iiai noaio eiino?oeoe?? ia niinoa??aa?oueny.
Oaeei /eiii, iiaeia noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui i?ae aeie?eoe/iei ? cae?eoe/iei
noaiii ciaoiaeeoueny oae caaia ciia ianoaa?eueii? iiaaae?iee
eiino?oeoe??, a ye?e iaea cia/aiiy i?iaeio, io?eiaia a ieie? e?eoe/iiai
iaaaioaaeaiiy, ia iiaea na?ae/eoe a iiai?e i??? i?i aeie?eoe/iee noai
eiino?oeoe??. Oi/a ie?e ia? iaaaeeeo i?ioyaei?noue, eiai iayai?noue
caaaaea? /?oei anoaiiaeoe cia/aiiy ia?aiao?a e?eoe/iiai iaaaioaaeaiiy. A
aeie?eoe/iiio noai? aaiethoe?eia e?eaa i?noeoue iaeee i?iaei ? ia?
oaioe/iee oa?aeoa?. A cii? ianoaa?eueii? iiaaae?iee ia e?ea?e
niinoa??aathoueny ie?ai? aeeeaee iaeneiaeueieo i?iaei?a, a a cae?eoe/i?e
iaeano? aaiethoe?eia e?eaa iaaoaa? y?ei ae?aaeaiiai ia??iaee/iiai
oa?aeoa?o.

O aeiaaeeo noaoe/ii? no?eeino? iayai?noue ii/aoeiaeo iaaeineiiaeinoae
eiino?oeoe??, ye? iathoue neiao?e/io oi?io, ieaaii ci?ith? cia/aiiy
aa?oiueiai e?eoe/iiai iaaaioaaeaiiy, i?e/iio oai?aoe/ii aeaoi?ioaaiiy
caeeoa?oueny neiao?e/iei (?en.8). Iayai?noue ianeiao?e/ieo
iaaeineiiaeinoae i?ecaiaeeoue aei ia?aoiaeo ?ica’yceo ia einineiao?e/io
a?oeo.

Aeey oi?i?aeaeueii? iaiae? aeine?aeaeaii oaeiae aieea o?eaaeino? ae??
aeeiai?/iiai iaaioaaeaiiy oa ii/aoeiaeo iaaeineiiaeinoae, ye? caaeai? o
aeaeyae? ia?oi? (einineiao?e/ii?) oa ae?oai? (neiao?e/ii?) oi?i.

?icaeyiooa no?ee?noue oa?ie?ii iia?oi? eii?/ii? iaiae? i?e ae??
ciai?oiueiai oeneo (?en. 9). Aeine?aeaeaii aieea ii/aoeiaeo aaiiao?e/ieo
iaaeineiiaeinoae ia no?ee?noue eii?/ii? iaiae? o aeiaaeeo noaoe/iiai
iaaaioaaeaiiy. Anoaiiaeaii, ui c? c?inoaiiyi eooa eiioniino? cia/aiiy
e?eoe/iiai iaaaioaaeaiiy ciaioothoueny.

Aeaoi?ioaaiiy iaiae? aac aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae a?aeaoaa?oueny ii
neiao?e/i?e oi?i? c iayai?noth iniaeeai? oi/ee ia e?ea?e iaaaioaaeaiiy,
yea a?aeiia?aea? ao?ao? no?eeino? ii einineiao?e/i?e oi?i?. Ao?aoa
no?eeino? ii einineiao?e/i?e oi?i? a?aeaoaa?oueny i?e cia/ii iaioeo
iaaaioaaeaiiyo, i?ae ii neiao?e/i?e. Ii/aoeia? i?iaeie, ui caaeai? o
aeaeyae? ia?oi? (einineiao?e/ii?) oi?ie aaee/eiith 0.001h, i?ecaiaeyoue
aei ia?aoiaeo ?ica’yceo ia a?oo?eaoe?eio a?oeo.

Caeaaeiino? ia?aiao?a (*=(/(cr e?eoe/iiai iaaaioaaeaiiy iaiae? c
ii/aoeiaeie i?iaeiaie a?ae ia?aiao?a iaaeineiiaeinoae, caaeaieo o
aeaeyae? ia?oi? einineiao?e/ii? oi?ie ao?aoe no?eeino?, iieacai? ia ?en.
10. Ii??aiyiiy ?acoeueoao?a, ia/eneaieo aaciina?aaeiuei c ?aaeoeiaaii?
caaea/? (nooe?eueia e?i?y) ? ca?aeii c oai???th Eieoa?a (oo?eoiaa
e?i?y), aeyaeei aeineoue aeecueeee ca?a.

Aeine?aeaeaia no?ee?noue oiieino?iii? i?aee??ieaii? neeaae/anoi?
i?eciaoe/ii? eiino?oeoe?? (?en. 11) i?e ae?? noeneath/iai a ieiuei?
neeaaeee iaaaioaaeaiiy a noaoe/i?e ? aeeiai?/i?e iinoaiiaeao c
o?aooaaiiyi ii/aoeiaeo aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae.

?icaeyiooee ?yae eiino?oeoe?e, ye? iathoue iaeiaeia? ia?aiao?e, aea
a?ae??ciythoueny aei?noe?noth iiacaeiaaeiueiai ?aa?a, ci?ia yei?
i?ecaiaeeoue aei ye?nieo a?aei?iiinoae a iiaaae?ioe? nenoaie.
Iaea?aeai? caeaaeiino? e?eoe/iiai iaaaioaaeaiiy a?ae aei?noeino? ?aa?a
(?en. 11). Iacia/ia ca?eueoaiiy aei?noeino? ?aaa? i?ecaiaeeoue aei
nooo?aiai i?aeaeuaiiy cia/aiue e?eoe/ieo iaaaioaaeaiue ? aei
ye?nii? ci?ie oi?i ao?aoe no?eeino?.

Ca aaceni? aaeoi?e iae?i?eii? caaea/? i?eeiyo? e?i?eiee ?ica’ycie a?ae
ciai?oiueiai iaaaioaaeaiiy ? o?noue ieae/eo a?oo?eaoe?eieo oi?i ao?aoe
no?eeino?, aeey yeeo aecia/ai? aaee/eie ieae/eo e?eoe/ieo
iaaaioaaeaiue.

I?iaaaeaii aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao ii/aoeiaeo aaiiao?e/ieo
iaaeineiiaeinoae ia no?ee?noue nenoaie o aeiaaeeo noaoe/iiai
iaaaioaaeaiiy. Iaaaaeai? caeaaeiino? i?iaeio a?ae iaaaioaaeaiiy, ye?
iaea?aeai? i?e ??cieo cia/aiiyo ia?aiao?a ii/aoeiaeo iaaeineiiaeinoae,
caaeaieo ii ia?o?e (einineiao?e/i?e) oi?i?. Aiie?ooaea ooieoe??
ii/aoeiaeo iaaeineiiaeinoae caaeaaaeanue a /anoeao oiaueie.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui ao?aoa no?eeino? eiino?oeoe??, yea ia ia? ii/aoeiaeo
i?iaei?a, oai?aoe/ii a?aeaoaa?oueny ii ae?oa?e (neiao?e/i?e) oi?i?.
I?ioa, cao?aiiy eiino?oeoe?? ii einineiao?e/i?e oi?i? ia aaee/eio 0.001
i?ecaiaeeoue aei ia?aoiaeo ?ica’yceo ia a?oo?eaoe?eio a?oeo, yea
a?aeiia?aea? einineiao?e/i?e oi?i? ??aiiaaae. Ia iniia? iaea?aeaieo
?acoeueoao?a iiaoaeiaai? e?ea? noaoe/iiai iaaaioaaeaiiy i?e ??cieo
cia/aiiyo ia?aiao?a ii/aoeiaeo iaaeineiiaeinoae, ye? caaeai? ii ia?o?e
(einineiao?e/i?e) ? ii ae?oa?e (neiao?e/i?e) oi?iao.

C iaoith ia?aa??ee cai?iiiiiaaii? iaoiaeeee cia/aiiy e?eoe/ieo
iaaaioaaeaiue ii??aithaaeenue c e?eoe/ieie iaaaioaaeaiiyie oe?i??ii
iia?oi? ieanoeie. Iae?i?eia caaea/a noaoe/ii? no?eeino? neeaae/anoi?
nenoaie ?ica’ycoaaeanue oaeiae a iiai?e ne?i/aiii-??cieoeaa?e
iinoaiiaoe?. Ii??aiyiiy iaea?aeaieo ?ica’yce?a ne?i/aiii-??cieoeaai? ?
?aaeoeiaaii? caaea/ iieacaei caaeia?eueiee ca?a ?acoeueoao?a (?en.
12), ui na?ae/eoue i?i a??ia?aei?noue ?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee.

I?iaaaeaii oaeiae aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiai?/ii? no?eeino? aeaii?
nenoaie. sse ? a noaoe/i?e iinoaiiaoe?, iaaeineiiaeino?, caaeai? ii
einineiao?e/i?e oi?i?, a a?eueo?e i??? aieeaathoue ia
aeaoi?iaoeai?noue eiino?oeoe??.

AENIIAEE

Ia iniia? neioaco iaoiaeo e?eaie?i?eieo n?oie, iaoiaeo ?aaeoeoe?? aaceno
? aneiioioe/ii? oai??? Eieoa?a noai?aii aoaeoeaiee /enaeueiee aeai?eoi
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a iae?i?eiiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy ? ao?aoe no?eeino?
oiieino?iieo eiino?oeoe?e c ii/aoeiaeie aaiiao?e/ieie iaaeineiiaeinoyie
a noaoe/i?e ? aeeiai?/i?e iinoaiiaeao. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aea?
iiaeeea?noue aea/aoe e?ea? iaaaioaaeaiiy iaieiiie i?e iayaiino?
iaaeineiiaeinoae oi?ie c iaoith aeyaeaiiy iniaeeaeo oi/ie, ui aeicaiey?
aiae?coaaoe i?ioean iae?i?eiiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy iaieiieiaeo eiino?oeoe?e
aeia?eueii? oi?ie, a oaeiae ioe?ithaaoe aieea iaaeineiiaeinoae ia
e?eoe/i? cia/aiiy ciai?oiuei? ae??.

Aeine?aeaeaii aieea ??cieo ii/aoeiaeo iaaeineiiaeinoae ia noaoe/io ?
aeeiai?/io no?ee?noue oiieino?iieo iaieiieiaeo eiino?oeoe?e, io?eiai?
caeiiii??iino? aeieeiaiiy noaoe/ii? oa aeeiai?/ii? iano?eeinoae.

Ia i?eeeaaeao iieiai? e?oaiai? aei?noei caoeniooi? a?ee ? iieiai?
oi?i?aeaeueii? iaiae? i?aeoaa?aeaeaiee aoaeo naiii?aai?caoe?? ?ooo
nenoaie, ui noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny iiyaith oii?yaeeiaaii?
i?inoi?iai-/aniai? no?oeoo?e a iiiaio ao?aoe no?eeino?.

Aeine?aeaeaia iiaaae?iea iaaeineiiaeeo iaieiiie a ieie? e?eoe/iiai
cia/aiiy iaaai-oaaeaiiy i?e ??cieo cia/aiiyo ?iioeueno eiai ae??.
Aeyaeaia ciia ianoaa?eueii? iiaaae?iee eiino?oeoe??, yea ia? i?noea i?e
ia?aoiae? a?ae aeie?eoe/iiai aei cae?eoe/iiai noaio.

Aeine?aeaeaii aieea aei?noeino? i?aee??iethth/eo ?aaa? ia noaoe/io ?
aeeiai?/io ao?a-oo no?eeino? iaaeineiiaeeo neeaae/aoeo nenoai.
Aeyaeaii, ui ieaaia ca?eueoaiiy aei?no-eino? ?aaa? i?ecaiaeeoue aei
ye?niiai ia?aoiaeo ia a?eueo aenie? oi?ie ao?aoe no?eeino?.

Ii??aiyiiy /enaeueieo ?ica’yce?a ?aaeoeiaaieo caaea/ c ?acoeueoaoaie
ne?i/aiii-??cieoeaai? iinoaiiaee, a oaeiae c aeaieie, iaea?aeaieie ia
iniia? aneiioioe/ii? oai??? Eieoa?a, iieacaei caaeia?eueiee ca?a
?acoeueoao?a, ui na?ae/eoue i?i a??ia?aei?noue ?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a ?aae?caoe?? ia AII
i?ia?aiiiai eiiieaeno aeey ?ica’ycaiiy caaea/ no?eeino? oiieino?iieo
iaieiieiaeo eiino?oeoe?e c o?aooaaiiyi ii/aoeiaeo aaiiao?e/ieo
iaaeineiiaeinoae.

Iaoiaeeea ? iaeao i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e
i?iaaaeaii? aeine?aeaeaiue no?eeino? iaieiiie neeaaeieo oi?i c
o?aooaaiiyi ii/aoeiaeo aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae c iaoith
i?iaeooaaiiy ? ?ic?aooie?a ?aaeueieo ia’?eo?a i?iieneiaiai ?
oeea?eueiiai aoae?aieoeoaa, a iaoeiiaoaeoaaii? oa a ?ioeo aaeocyo
oaoi?ee.

NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO I?AOeUe

Aioeoeye A.A., I?onia Ae.Y. Onoie/eainoue iaiei/ae i?e ianoaoeeiia?iuo
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no?ee?noue eii?/ii? iaiae? // Ca. Ii?? iaoa??ae?a oa oai??y nii?oae. –
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ia/aeueiuie ianiaa?oainoaaie // O?oaeu ?oaoeianeiai eiaeono?eaeueiiai
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N. 93–101.

I?onia Ae.Y. Aeeiaie/aneay onoie/eainoue iaiei/ae n o/aoii
aaiiao?e/aneeo ianiaa?oainoa // Aeieeaaeu 19-ai Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
iao/iiai neiiiceoia nooaeaioia e iieiaeuo o/aiuo. – Zielona Gora
(Polska). – 1997. – N.57–61.

Gotsulyak E.A., Prusov D.E., Totoev Y.Z. Influence of a shape
imperfections on a stability of a ribbed thin-walled folded structures
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i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiuo oi?i aeaeaeaiey iaiei/ae eae e?eoa?ee
aeeiaie/aneie onoie/eainoe // Aeiee. I Iaaeaeoia?. eiio. “YII-96” –
Nieeai?ne (Aaea?onue). – 1996. – N. 27–32.

I?onia Ae.A. Aeeiai?/ia iano?ee?noue iaieiiie c o?aooaaiiyi
aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae // Aeiiia?ae? 57-? iaoe.-i?aeo. eiio.
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I?onia Ae.A. No?ee?noue oiieino?iieo aeaiaio?a eiino?oeoe?e c
o?aooaaiiyi iaaeineiiaeinoae oi?ie. ( ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.23.17 – aoae?aaeueia iaoai?ea. ( Ee?anueeee
iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e I?i?noa?noaa
ina?oe Oe?a?ie, Ee?a, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeeee ? i?ia?aiiiai eiiieaeno, ye?
aeicaieythoue aeine?aeaeoaaoe oiieino?ii? iaieiieia? eiino?oeoe??
aeia?eueii? oi?ie c o?aooaaiiyi ii/aoeiaeo aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae
a noaoe/i?e ? aeeiai?/i?e iinoaiiaeao. Cai?iiiiiaaii aoaeoeaiee
/enaeueiee aeai?eoi, iaea?aeaiee ia iniia? neioaco iaoiaeo e?eaie?i?eieo
n?oie, iaoiaeo ?aaeoeoe?? aaceno ? aneiioioe/ii? oai??? Eieoa?a.
?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aea? iiaeeea?noue c aeinoaoiueith a??ia?aei?noth
aea/aoe i?ioean iae?i?eiiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy iaieiieiaeo eiino?oeoe?e
aeia?eueii? oi?ie ? aiae?coaaoe /ooeea?noue ?o aei iaaeineiiaeinoae.
Aeine?aeaeaii aieea ii/aoeiaeo aaiiao?e/ieo iaaeineiiaeinoae
oiieino?iieo iaieiiie ia ?o no?ee?noue.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: oiieino?ii? iaieiiee, no?ee?noue, aaiiao?e/i?
iaaeineiiaeino?, naiii?aai?caoe?y ?ooo, ?aaeoeoe?y aaceno,
e?eaie?i?ei? n?oee.

Prusov D.E. A stability of the thin-walled elements of constructions
in view of shape imperfections. — Manuscript.

Dissertation for competition of scientific degree of the candidate of
technical sciences by speciality 05.23.17 – Structural Mechanics. –
Kyiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,
Department of Education of Ukraine, Kyiv, 1999.

The dissertation is devoted to development of a technique and programme
complex permitting to investigate thin-walled shells constructions of
the arbitrary form in view of initial geometric imperfections in static
and dynamic statement. The effective numerical algorithm is received
because of synthesis of a method of curvilinear grids, method of a
reduction of base and asymptotic Koiter’s theory, is offered. The
possibility of developed technique with sufficient reliability to study
the process of nonlinear deformation of shells constructions of the
arbitrary form and to analyze sensitivity them to imperfections is
established. The influence of initial geometric imperfections of
thin-walled structures to their stability is investigated.

Keywords: thin-walled structures, stability, shape imperfections,
self-organization of motion, reduction of basis, curvilinear
grids.

I?onia Ae.Y. Onoie/eainoue oiieinoaiiuo yeaiaioia eiino?oeoeee n
o/aoii ianiaa?oainoa oi?iu. — ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.23.17 – no?ieoaeueiay iaoaieea. — Eeaaneee
iaoeeiiaeueiue oieaa?neoao no?ieoaeuenoaa e a?oeoaeoo?u Ieienoa?noaa
ia?aciaaiey Oe?aeiu, Eeaa, 1999.

?aaioa iinayuaia ?ac?aaioea iaoiaeeee e i?ia?aiiiiai eiiieaena,
iicaieythueo enneaaeiaaoue oiieinoaiiua iaiei/a/iua eiino?oeoeee
i?iecaieueiie oi?iu n o/aoii ia/aeueiuo aaiiao?e/aneeo ianiaa?oainoa a
noaoe/aneie e aeeiaie/aneie iinoaiiaeao.

Aeai iaci? oaiaoe/aneeo ?aaio, niaea?aeaueo ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee
aeeyiey ia/aeueiuo aaiiao?e/aneeo ianiaa?oainoa ia noaoe/aneoth e
aeeiaie/aneoth onoie/eainoue oiieinoaiiuo iaiei/ae, iieiaeaiey
iaeeiaeiie oai?ee iaiei/ae, iaoiaeu enneaaeiaaiey. I?eaaaeaii
iainiiaaiea auai?a iai?aaeaiey enneaaeiaaiee.

Eceiaeaia iaoiaeeea, iicaieythuay i?iaiaeeoue enneaaeiaaiey
oiieinoaiiuo iaiei/a/iuo eiino?oeoeee i?iecaieueiie oi?iu n o/aoii
ia/aeueiuo aaiiao?e/aneeo ianiaa?oainoa a noaoe/aneie e
aeeiaie/aneie iinoaiiaea i?e ianoaoeeiia?iii neeiaii aicaeaenoaee
a aaiiao?e/anee iaeeiaeiie iinoaiiaea.

Ia iniiaa neioaca iaoiaea e?eaieeiaeiuo naoie, iaoiaea ?aaeoeoeee aacena
e aneiioioe/aneie oai?ee Eieoa?a nicaeai yooaeoeaiue /eneaiiue aeai?eoi
enneaaeiaaiey i?ioeannia iaeeiaeiiai aeaoi?ie?iaaiey e iioa?e
onoie/eainoe oiieinoaiiuo eiino?oeoeee n ia/aeueiuie iiaeayie a
noaoe/aneie e aeeiaie/aneie iinoaiiaea. Aeai?eoi ni/aoaao
oieaa?naeueiinoue naoi/iiai e iiaeeueiinoue aa?eaoeeiiiiai iaoiaeia. Ia
ia?aii yoaia i?iecaiaeeony eiia/ii?aciinoiay aeene?aoecaoeey
aaiiao?e/anee iaeeiaeiuo niioiioaiee iauae oai?ee oiieeo iaiei/ae.
Aeaeaa inouanoaeyaony /eneaiiia ?aaeooee?iaaiea eiia/ii?aciinoiiai
iia?aoi?a n eniieueciaaieai aaoiiaoe/anee iino?iaiiuo aaceniuo aaeoi?ia
( ?aoaiey eeiaeiie caaea/e noaoeee e iecoeo oi?i iioa?e onoie/eainoe
eeai oi?i eieaaaiee. Ia/aeueiua i?iaeau o/eouaathony eae aiciouaiea
?aoaiey e iiaoo auoue caaeaiu a aeaea eiiaeiaoeee aaeoi?ia aacena.
?ac?aaioaiiay iaoiaeeea iicaieyao ?aoaoue caaea/e iaeeiaeiiai
aeaoi?ie?iaaiey iaiei/ae i?iecaieueiie oi?iu e aiaeece?iaaoue e?eaua
iaa?oaeaiey n oeaeueth auyaeaiey iniauo oi/ae — i?aaeaeueiuo e
aeoo?eaoeeiiiuo. E?iia oiai, oaeie iiaeoiae iicaieyao oaeaea eco/aoue
i?ioeann iaeeiaeiiai aeaoi?ie?iaaiey eiino?oeoeee e /oanoaeoaeueiinoue
eo e ianiaa?oainoaai, iniiauaaynue ia aneiioioe/aneie oai?ee Eieoa?a.

Ia iniiaa i?aaeeiaeaiiie iaoiaeeee enneaaeiaaiey onoie/eainoe
oiieinoaiiuo ianiaa?oaiiuo iaiei/ae iino?iai eiiieaen i?ia?aii,
i?aaeiacia/aiiue aeey ?aoaiey caaea/ noaoe/aneie e aeeiaie/aneie
onoie/eainoe iaiei/a/iuo eiino?oeoeee, eiathueo ia/aeueiua
aaiiao?e/aneea ianiaa?oainoaa, a aaiiao?e/anee iaeeiaeiie iinoaiiaea, n
o/aoii ?acee/iuo a?aie/iuo oneiaee i?e aeaenoaee i?iecaieueiie
noaoe/aneie eee aeeiaie/aneie iaa?ocee.

Enneaaeiaaii aeeyiea ?acee/iuo ia/aeueiuo ianiaa?oainoa ia noaoe/aneoth
e aeeiaie/aneoth onoie/eainoue oiieinoaiiuo iaiei/a/iuo eiino?oeoeee.
Iieo/aiu caeiiiia?iinoe ia?aciaaiey iaonoie/eainoae.

A caaea/ao aeeiaie/aneie onoie/eainoe iieiaie e?oaiaie a?ee e
oi?ieaeaeueiie iaiaee iiaeoaa?aeaeai yooaeo naiii?aaiecaoeee aeaeaeaiey
nenoaiu, eioi?ue nii?iaiaeaeaaony iiyaeaieai oii?yaei/aiiie
i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiie no?oeoo?u a iiiaio iioa?e onoie/eainoe.
Iiae?iaii enneaaeiaaii iiaaaeaiea ianiaa?oaiiuo iaiei/ae a ie?anoiinoe
e?eoe/aneiai cia/aiey iaa?oaeaiey i?e ?acee/iuo i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoyo
aeaenoaey eiioeuena. Auyaeaia ciia ianoaaeeueiiai iiaaaeaiey
eiino?oeoeee, oa?aeoa?ecothuay i?ioeann ia?aoiaea io aeie?eoe/aneiai e
cae?eoe/aneiio ninoiyieth eiino?oeoeee.

Enneaaeiaaii aeeyiea aeanoeinoe iiaee?aieythueo ?aaa? ia noaoe/aneoth e
aeeiaie/aneoth iioa?th onoie/eainoe ianiaa?oaiiuo neeaae/aouo nenoai.
I?iaaaeaii n?aaiaiea /eneaiiuo ?aoaiee caaea/e iaeeiaeiiai
aeaoi?ie?iaaiey neeaae/aoie einio?oeoeee a eiia/ii-?aciinoiie e
?aaeooee?iaaiiie iinoaiiaeao, eioi?ia aeaei oi?ioaa niaiaaeaiea
?acoeueoaoia, /oi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i aeinoiaa?iinoe ?ac?aaioaiiie
iaoiaeeee.

?aoaia caaea/a ia onoie/eainoe eiie/aneie iaiaee. Iieo/aiiua ia iniiaa
?aoaiey iaeeiaeiie ?aaeooee?iaaiiie caaea/e caaeneiinoe e?eoe/aneie
iaa?ocee io ia/aeueiuo ianiaa?oainoa niiinoaaeaiu n aiaeiae/iuie
?acoeueoaoaie, auoaeathueie ec aneiioioe/aneie oai?ee Eieoa?a.

I?aaeeiaeaiiay iaoiaeeea e nicaeaiiia ia aa iniiaa i?ia?aiiiia
iaania/aiea iiaeao i?eiaiyoueny i?e i?iaeoe?iaaiee e ?an/aoao ?aaeueiuo
iauaeoia i?iiuoeaiiiai e a?aaeaeaineiai no?ieoaeuenoaa, a iaoeiino?iaiee
e a ae?oaeo io?aneyo oaoieee. ?acoeueoaou aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaiou
aiaae?aiu a i?aeoeeo i?iaeoe?iaaiey.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: oiieinoaiiua iaiei/ee, onoie/eainoue, aaiiao?e/aneea
ianiaa?oainoaa, naiii?aaiecaoeey aeaeaeaiey, ?aaeoeoeey aacena,
e?eaieeiaeiua naoee.

?en. 1.

?en. 2. ?en. 3.

?en. 4. ?en. 5.

?en. 8.

?en. 6. ?en. 7.

?en. 9. ?en. 10.

?en. 11. ?en. 12.

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