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Автоматизований електромеханічний комплекс по визначенню параметрів машин постійного струму після ремонту: Автореф. дис… канд. техн. наук / Аль-Бата

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I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie

Iaoe?iiaeueia a??ie/a aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie

(Aei?i?iiao?ianuee)

Noo’yi Iaoioae Iaaeea Aeue-Aaoaeiao

OAeE 621.313.004 13

AAOIIAOECIAAIEE AEAEO?IIAOAI?*IEE EIIIEAEN II AECIA*AIITH IA?AIAO??A
IAOEI IINO?EIIAI NO?OIO I?NEss ?AIIIOO

Niaoe?aeuei?noue: 05.09.03. – “Aeaeo?ioaoi?/i? eiiieaene oa nenoaie”

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Aei?i?iiao?ianuee – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iaoe?iiaeuei?e a??ie/?e aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie i?i?noa?noaa
ina?oe Oe?a?ie, ia eaoaae?? aeaeo?ii?eaiaea.

?iaeuee?i

Aeieo?i Eineiiae/

AI?IAEIA

Ieaenaiae? Aiae??eiae/

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith
aeaeo?ii?eaiaea Iaoe?iiaeueii? a??ie/i? aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

Caneoaeaiee ae?y/ iaoee ? oaoi?ee Oe?a?ie,

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, i?ioani? eaoaae?e aaoiiaoecaoe??
ae?iaie/eo i?ioean?a oa ?iaioioaoi?ee.

E?aiai/ooeueeee aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao.

Eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio, aeioeaio eaoaae?e aaoiiaoeciaaiiai
aeaeo?ii?eaiaeo. E?eai??cueeee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao.

*i?iee

Ieaen?e Iao?iae/

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa — Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao,
Oe?a?ie i?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i.Oa?e?a

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “_22_” _ea?oiy_ 1999 ?. i _14_
aiaeei? ia

can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee Ae 08.080.07 o Iaoe?iiaeuei?e a??ie/?e
aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 320027 i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, i?. E.
Ia?ena, 19.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueii?
a??ie/i? aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie (320027 i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, i?. E. Ia?ena,
19).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ac?neaii “_18_” _aa?aciy_ 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

A.O. Ca?ea

3

Caaaeueia OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. No/ani? na?oia? oaiaeaioe?? iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai
?icaeoeo aecia/athoue ona a?eueo aeeaieo aaoiiaoecaoe?th ae?iaie/eo
i?ioean?a ? an?o ?ioeo noi??i ethaenueeiai aeeooy ia aac?
ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee, ui iino?eii iaiiaeth?oueny. Iaeii/anii
iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?ey?oueny i?aeaeuaiith yeino?, aeiiii?/iino?,
aoaeoeaiino? ? iaae?eiino? ?iaioe ae?iaie/iai onoaoeoaaiiy. Iaae?ei?noue
aeaeo?e/ieo iaoei (iaeaaaeeea?oeo aeaiaio?a oaoiieia?/iiai onoaoeoaaiiy)
?noioii aieeaa? ia oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/i? iieacieee ae?iaieoeoaa. Aiaeii/an,
a neeo ??ciiiai?oieo i?e/ei, aeaeo?e/i? iaoeie aeoiaeyoue c eaaeo. *a?ac
iniaeeaino? oaoiieia?/iiai i?ioeano ?aiiioo a?ae?aiiioiaaia aeaeo?e/ia
iaoeia ia? ?io?, iia??oai?, iii?iaeuei? aenieoaoaoe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee.
Aecia/aiiy ?o a oiiaao aeaeo?i?aiiioiiai i?aei?e?inoaa ia i?iaiaeeoueny
a neeo iaiaaeaieo ae?aaiinoe/ieo iiaeeeainoae. Aeei?enoaiiy aeaeo?e/ii?
iaoeie, ui aeeoea c ?aiiioo, a iiia?aaei?o oiiaao ?iaioe i?ecaiaeeoue
aei iiaoi?ieo a?aeiia.

Iioieiaa ae?aaiinoeea a?ae?aiiioiaaieo aeaeaoi?a ? neeaaeiith oaoi?/iith
caaea/ath, oiio ui iio?aao? i?iaaaeaiiy oe?ieiai niaeo?a aeine?aeaeaiue
ia noaae?? i?eeiaeueii-caeaaaeueieo ?nieo?a. Oiio aeoaea aeooaeueii? ?
i?iaeaia ni?iuaiiy i?ioeaaeo?e ?nieo?a ? ?? aaoiiaoecaoe??.

?nioth/? ?nieoia? eiiieaene, ye i?aaeei, ia?aaeaa/athoue iaoai?/ia
niieo/aiiy iaoeie, ui aei?iaiao?oueny, ? iaaaioaaeoaaeueii? iaoeie. O
oiiaao aeaeo?i?aiiioiiai i?aei?e?inoaa, aea a ?aiiio? ciaoiaeyoueny
aeaeo?e/i? iaoeie ??ciiai oeio ? oe?ieiai ae?aiaciio anoaiiaeaii?
iiooaeiino?, noa? i/aaeaeii? iaiao?aei?noue noai?aiiy oi?aa?naeueiiai
?nieoiaiai noaiaea, ui aeeeth/a? iaiao?aei?noue iaoai?/iiai
aa?aaaooaaiiy aeaio iaoei. ?nieoiaee eiiieaen iiaeiai aooe
iaeiaaaa?eoiei, iaaei?iaei, a i?ioeaaeo?a ?nieo?a iaeneiaeueii
aaoiiaoeciaaia.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeth/ai? a ieai athaeaeaoieo iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie ??oaiiyi Eii?aeeiaoe?eii? ?aaee a?ae 9
a?oaeiy 1997 ?ieo (oaia AI ? 227 “Ianii?oecaoe?y oyaiaeo aeaeaoi?a
aeaeo?iaic?a i?ney ?aiiioo c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo oieinoiai oiaeo”) ?
eaoaae?e aeaeo?ii?eaiaea Iaoe?iiaeueii? a??ie/i? aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie.

Iaoa ?iaioe.

Iaoith ?iaioe ? noai?aiiy ? aeine?aeaeaiiy aaoiiaoeciaaiiai
aeaeo?iiaoai?/iiai eiiieaeno ii aecia/aiith ianii?oieo aeaieo ?
ia?aiao??a iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio i?ney ?aiiioo a neeaae?
aeaeo?ii?eaiaea.

Iaoeia? caaea/?.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe ae??oaii ianooii? caaea/?:

– aiae?c i?e/ei aeniei? i?ney?aiiioii? aaa??eiino? aeaeaoi?a iino?eiiai
no?oio a neeaae? aeaeo?ii?eaiaea aeey iiooeo caeiiii??iinoae, ui
caaacia/othoue ?oith i?ney?aiiioio ianii?oecaoe?th;

– aeine?aeaeaiiy oaieiaeo ?aaeei?a ?iaioe iaoeie iino?eiiai no?oio ?
aieeao ?? ia?aiao??a oa neeaaeiaeo ao?ao aeey aecia/aiiy iii?iaeueiiai
?aaeeio ?iaioe aeaeo?ii?eaiaea;

– ?ic?iaea i?eioeei?a aecia/aiiy ianii?oieo aeaieo iaoeie iino?eiiai
no?oio ia iniia? iiae?eo ao?ao a aeaeo?ii?eaiae? a ?aaeei? oieinoiai
oiaeo;

– ?ic?iaea no?oeoo?e eiiieaeno, i?ia?aie ? iaoiaeeee ianii?oecaoe??
iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio a neeaae? aeaeo?ii?eaiaea;

– aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeai?eoio iiae?eo ao?ao a
aeaeo?ii?eaiae? ? aecia/aiiy ianii?oieo aeaieo iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio
ca aeiiiiiaith aaoiiaoeciaaiiai eiiieaeno ia aac? oeiiaeo noai
aeaeo?ii?eaiaea;

– oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeeeaino? canoinoaaiiy
?ic?iaeaiiai eiiieaeno ii ianii?oecaoe?? iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio ia
aeaeo?i?aiiioieo i?aei?e?inoaao.

Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Aiae?c oa ocaaaeueiaiiy no/anii? iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e,
aeei?enoaiiy oai??? aaoiiaoe/iiai ea?oaaiiy, oai??? aaoiiaoeciaaiiai
aeaeo?ii?eaiaeo, oai??? aeaeo?e/ieo iaoei, oai??? ?aa?an?eiiai aiae?co,
iaoiae?a iaaeeaeaiue, ai?ieneiaoe?? oa ?ioa?iieyoe??, iaoiae?a
oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co.

Iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy.

Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny oae? iniiai? iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy:

– iiae?e ao?ao a aeaeo?ii?eaiae? c iaoeiith iino?eiiai no?oio oeyoii
??oaiiy nenoaie ??aiyiue aia?aaoe/iiai aaeaino a ?aaeei? oieinoi? oiaee
aeaeo?ii?eaiaea i?e iino?ei?e oaeaeeino? iaa?oaiiy ? no?oi? caoaeaeaiiy,
ui ci?ith?oueny, ? oaieiaa iiaeaeue aeaeo?e/ii? iaoeie iino?eiiai no?oio
aeicaiey? aecia/eoe ianii?oi? aeai? (iii?iaeuei? ia?aiao?e)
a?ae?aiiioiaaii? aeaeo?e/ii? iaoeie oa ie?ai? ia?aiao?e aeaeo?ii?eaiaea;

– iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaethaaiiy oaieiaeo ?aaeei?a aeaeo?iiaoai?/iiai
ia?aoai?thaa/a i?e ci?i? eiai ia?aiao??a ? neeaaeiaeo ao?ao iiooaeiino?
iieacaei neaaeo caeaaei?noue oaiia?aoo?e ?cieyoe?? a?ae oaieiaeo
i?ia?aeiinoae (e??i oaieii?ia?aeiinoae “eiaiaa /anoeia iaiioee yei?y –
iia?o?y” oa “noaeue iaeaoa yei?y – iia?o?y”) a ae?aiacii? ?o ci?ie a
i?ioean? ?aiiioo, ui aeicaiey? ia a?aoiaoaaoe aieea ci?ie oeeo
i?ia?aeiinoae ia oaiia?aoo?o aeaeo?e/ii? iaoeie;

– aecia/aiiy iii?iaeueieo ia?aiao??a iaoeie iino?eiiai no?oio a neeaae?
oeiiaeo nenoai aeaeo?ii?eaiaea A-Ae aai OI-Ae oa ie?aieo ia?aiao??a oeeo
nenoai aeeiio?oueny oeyoii aei??o iai?oae ? no?oio yei?y ia o?ueio
??aiyo caoaeaeaiiy i?e iii?iaeuei?e oaeaeeino? iaa?oaiiy.

– Iaoeiaa iiaecia

Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui:

– cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea iiae?eo neeaaeiaeo ao?ao a aeaeo?ii?eaiae?,
aecia/aiiy iii?o eiai neeiaiai eiea ? eiao?oe??ioa ao?ao o noae?, a
oaeiae iiaeo ianii?oieo aeaieo aeaeaoia iino?eiiai no?oio ia i?aenoaa?
??oaiiy nenoaie ??aiyiue aaeaino iiooaeiino? a aeaeo?ii?eaiae? a ?aaeei?
oieinoi? oiaee, io?eiaii? i?e ??ciiiai?oieo cia/aiiyo iai?oae yei?y ?
no?oio caoaeaeaiiy ? noaeino? eooiai? oaeaeeino? iaa?oaiiy;

– io?eiai? caeaaeiino? oaiia?aoo?iiai ?aaeeio ?iaioe aeaeo?ii?eaiaea
a?ae oaieiaeo i?ia?aeiinoae ie?aieo /anoei iaoeie iino?eiiai no?oio, a
oaeiae a?ae neeaaeiaeo ao?ao a aeaeo?ii?eaiae?, ui a??thoue;

– io?eiai? ae?ace aeey aecia/aiiy iiaiai iii?iaeueiiai ?aaeeio ?iaioe
aeaeo?ii?eaiaea a caeaaeiino? a?ae ci?ie ao?ao o noae?
aeaeo?iiaoai?/iiai ia?aoai?thaa/a, eeano eiai ?cieyoe?? oa iii?o
neeiaiai eiea aeaeo?ii?eaiaea;

– cai?iiiiiaai? niiniae ?aae?caoe?? aaoiiaoeciaaiiai eiiieaeno ia iniia?
oeiiaeo noai aeaeo?ii?eaiaea ( nenoaie A-Ae oa AI-Ae).

I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a:

– iaa?oioiaaia iiaeeea?noue aecia/aiiy i?ney?aiiioieo ianii?oieo aeaieo
aeaeo?e/ieo iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio oa ie?aieo ia?aiao??a
aeaeo?ii?eaiaea i?e ?nieoao aac aca?iiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy;

– ?ic?iaeaiee iaoiae aecia/aiiy ? iiae?eo ao?ao a aeaeo?ii?eaiae?
iino?eiiai no?oio;

– aeaii iaoiaeeeo aecia/aiiy iii?iaeueieo ia?aiao??a iaoeie iino?eiiai
no?oio i?ney ?aiiioo ? ie?aieo ia?aiao??a aeaeo?ii?eaiaea;

– ?ic?iaeaiee eiiieaen, i?ia?aia ? iaoiaeeea ianii?oecaoe?? iaoei
iino?eiiai no?oio i?ney ?aiiioo ia iniia? oeiiai? noaie aeaeo?ii?eaiaea.

?aae?caoe?y ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aoee aeei?enoai? i?e ?ic?iaoe? oa noai?aii?
aaoiiaoeciaaiiai eiiieaeno a oiiaao aeaeo?i?aiiioiiai oeaoo o?e?aeo
“Aia?aiiao” AAO “Aei?i?iaaaeaoiiao” ?i. A?oaia oa a aeaeo?i?aiiioi?e
i?aeoeoe? AO “Aei?i?iiao?ianueeee aeaeo?iiaoai?/iee caaiae”.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe.

Iniiai? iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy oa ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?? aeiiia?aeaeeny ia
I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “I?iaeaie aaoiiaoeciaaiiai
aeaeo?ii?eaiaea. Oai??y ? i?aeoeea” (Oa?e?a, OAIO, 1996);
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “No/ani? oaoiieia?? aeiiii?/iiai ?
aacia/iiai aeei?enoaiiy aeaeo?iaia?a??”, (Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, IAAO,
1997).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 7 iaoeiaeo ?ia?o.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe: Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, i’yoe
aeaa oa aeniiae?a ? aeeeaaeaia ia 142 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo ?
i?noeoue 27 iaethie?a, 16 oaaeeoeue, nienie e?oa?aoo?e c 75 aeaea?ae oa
aeiaeaoee.

Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe

O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue oaie, noi?ioeueiaaii iaoo ?iaioe,
iaoeia? caaea/?, ui ae??oothoueny a aeena?oaoe??, iaoeiao iiaecio,
i?aeoe/io oe?ii?noue.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? i?iaaaeaiee aiae?c aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? ?
i?ioeano ?aiiioo iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio. Cina?aaeaeaii oaaao ia oiiaao
?iaioe aeaeo?e/ieo iaoei, ui aecia/athoueny ci?iiei, aeiaiaei ? ??/iei
ia?ia?oeii, o?eaae?noth ioneiaiai ia??iaeo, o?eaae?noth aa?ieiaiiai
noaio aai iaaaioaaeaiiy, ?aaeeiii ?iaioe. Aecia/aii, ui ia iaae?ei?noue
?iaioe aeaeo?e/ii? iaoeie aieeaathoue oae? oaeoi?e, ye oiiae
aenieoaoaoe?? (iee, aieia?noue, oaiia?aoo?a), ?aaeeie ?iaioe
(ia?aaaioaaeaiiy, aaaee? ionee, ?aaeeie, ui ia a?aeiia?aeathoue
eaoaeiaeiei aeaiei, eieeaaiiy iai?oae), ci?ia oaoiieia?? aeaioiaeaiiy
aeaeo?e/ii? iaoeie. Aiae?c i?e/ei a?aeiia ii e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?aeao
iieacaa ?ica?aeiino? a e?euee?nieo ioe?ieao aeae?a a?aeiia iaoei
iino?eiiai no?oio. Ii aeaea?aeao, ui i?iaiae?ciaai?, aoee c?iaeai? oae?
aeniiaee:

– oiiae aenieoaoaoe?? ? ?iaioe aeaeo?ii?eaiaea iae/ano?oa ia
a?aeiia?aeathoue caaeaiei ii oaoi?/ieo oiiaao; ye i?aaeei, oe? oiiae
a??oa, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei ca?eueoaiiy ?ioaineaiino? a?aeiia YI;

– iaea?eueo oa?aeoa?ieie a?aeiiaaie aeey iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio ?
a?aeiiae eieaeoi?ii-u?oeiaiai aocea, i?aeoeiieeiaeo aoce?a, ye??ii?
iaiioee;

– iani?aaiino? ye??ii? iaiioee iia’ycai?, ianaiia?aae, c ooeiaeaeaiiyi
ei?ionii? ?cieyoe?? ? caieeaiue aeoe?a;

– ooeiaeaeaiiy ei?ionii? ?cieyoe?? ? iaea?eueoa aaaeeeie c iiaeyaeo
a?aeiiaeaiiy i?aoeacaeaoiino? iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio.

I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c i?ioeano ?aiiioo iaoeie iino?eiiai no?oio aeia?a, ui:

– ca?eueoothoueny ao?aoe iiooaeiino? a iaeao? noae? yei?y;

– ii?? naeoe?e “iiai?” iaiioee ci?ith?oueny (ye i?aaeei, ca?eueoo?oueny
i?e aeei?enoaii? i?ae? “noa?i?” iaiioee);

– ci?ith?oueny iiooaei?noue oieinoiai oiaeo; aiia iiaea ciaiooaaoeny i?e
i?aaeeuei?e onoaiiaoe? iiaeo ni?aaieo i?aeoeiiee?a;

– a?aeaoaa?oueny ia?a?iciiae?e aia?aaoe/ieo ao?ao a aeaeo?ii?eaiae? c
IIO ? ci?ia eiai EEAe (a a?e iia??oaiiy);

– ci?ith?oueny oaieiaee ?aaeei ?iaioe aeaeo?ii?eaiaea (oa?e ca?eueoaiiy
noaei? oaiia?aoo?e ia?aa??ao, yeui i?e oeueiio ia iiaea?i?co?oueny
nenoaia aaioeeyoe??);

– ci?iththoueny oiiae aaioeeyoe??, yeui ?aiiio oi?eioany oaeiae ?
nenoaie aaioeeyoe?? iaoeie.

Oiaoi, iiaeia neacaoe, ui c ?aiiioo aeoiaeeoue i?aeoe/ii iiaa iaoeia, ui
iio?aao? aecia/aiiy ?? iiaeo ia?aiao??a, oaoi?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee ?
ianii?oieo aeaieo.

Aiae?c i?ney?aiiioieo ?nieo?a iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio aeia?a, ui:

– ii?? yei?y aecia/a?oueny i?e ia?ooiiiio yei?? ? ia a?aoiao?
ia?ao?aeiee ii?? eieaeoi?ii-u?oeiaiai aocea i?e iaa?oaii? aeaeo?e/ii?
iaoeie;

– aei?? iii?iaeueieo aeaieo ? EEAe i?iaaaeeoueny i?ae iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ui
iio?aao? iaoai?/iiai c’?aeiaiiy aae?a, iayaiino? oa?iaaii?
iaaaioaaeoaaeueii? iaoeie ? i?ecaiaeeoue aei cia/ieo aeo?ao /ano ?
cania?a;

– ?nieoe ia iaa??aaiiy a?ii?caee?, o?eaae? ? iaoi/i?, iniaeeai o
a?aeiioaii? aecia/aiiy oaiia?aoo?e iaciai? ?cieyoe??.

On? ia?a?aoiaai? iniaeeaino? no/anieo ?nieo?a iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio
?iaeyoue iaiao?aeiei ni?iuaiiy i?ioeaaeo?e ?nieo?a, a oaeiae
canoinoaaiiy iiaeo oaoi?/ieo ??oaiue ? iaoeiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei ??oaiiy
aeaii? i?iaeaie. Cie?aia, noa? i?iaeaia aaoiiaoecaoe?? ?nieo?a,
canoinoaaiiy oaeaeeiae?th/eo ea?oth/eo ? ia/enethaaeueieo eiiieaen?a ia
iniia? AII.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? i?iaaaeaii aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao ia?aiao??a iaoeie
iino?eiiai no?oio ia oaieiaee ?aaeei ?iaioe aeaeo?ii?eaiaea. Aecia/aii
ianya ci?i ?? aeoeaieo iaoa??ae?a a i?ioean? ?aiiioo. ?ic?iaeaia oaieiaa
iiaeaeue oa aeine?aeaeaii aieea oaieiaeo i?ia?aeiinoae aeaiaio?a iaoeie
iino?eiiai no?oio ? ?? neeaaeiaeo ao?ao ia oaiia?aoo?o iaiioee yei?y.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui ia oaieiaee ?aaeei ?iaioe iaoeie iino?eiiai no?oio
aieeaathoue oae? ci?ithaai? a i?ioean? ?aiiioo ia?aiao?e: ii?? iaiioee
yei?y, ii?? iaiioee caoaeaeaiiy, eiao?oe??io ao?ao o noae?; eean
?cieyoe??; eooiaa oaeaee?noue IIO, oei u?oie ? ?oi?e oene ia eieaeoi?,
ye?noue iiaa?oi? eieaeoi?a.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy ca aeiiiiiaith io?eiaieo c oaieiai? iiaeae? iaoeie oi?ioe
ia?aaeuaiiy oaiia?aoo? ie?aieo /anoei aeaeo?e/ii? iaoeie iaae
oaiia?aoo?ith iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua a caeaaeiino? a?ae oaieiaeo
i?ia?aeiinoae iieacaee, ui:

– iia??oaiiy oaieiaeo i?ia?aeiinoae i?ae? iaiioie oa eieaeoi?a, a oaeiae
“i?aeue-noaeue”, “i?aeue-eieaeoi?” o ?acoeueoao? ?aiiioieo caoiae?a ia
ni?e/eiy? niaith ?noioia ca?eueoaiiy oaiia?aoo?e iaciai? ? eiaiai?
?cieyoe?? iaiioee yei?y;

– cieaeaiiy oaieii?ia?aeiino? “i?aeue eiaiaa-aioo??oi? iia?o?y” ia
aieeaa? ia oaiia?aoo?o iaciai? ?cieyoe??, i?ioa cia/ii ca?eueoo?
oaiia?aoo?o eiaiai?, ui iio?aao? oi/iiai aei??o oe??? oaieii?ia?aeiino?;

– oaieii?ia?aei?noue a?ae noae? yei?y aei aioo??oiueiai iia?o?y aieeaa?
ia oaiia?aoo?o ?cieyoe?? iaiioee yei?y, i?ioa i?e aen?aeuei?e
aaioeeyoe?? ? a?aenooiino? aen?aeueieo aaioeeyoe?eieo eaiae?a (oiaoi
aeey iaoei ?c aenioith in? iaa?oaiiy iaioa 225 ii), a oaeiae caa??aaii?
eooiai? oaeaeeino? iaa?oaiiy aieea oaieii?ia?aeiino? “noaeue – iia?o?y”
iacia/iee;

– ?c c?inoaiiyi ao?ao o yei?? niinoa??aa?oueny aeia?aaeaeoaaeueiee ??no
oaiia?aoo?e ?cieyoe?? iaciai? /anoeie iaiioee yei?y a ii??aiyii? c ??
eiaiaeie /anoeiaie;

Iniaeeao oaaao aa?oi caa?iooe ia oi/i?noue aecia/aiiy aoaeue-yeeo aeae?a
ao?ao, oiio ui ?oi? c?inoaiiy i?ecaiaeeoue aei ca?eueoaiiy oaiia?aoo?e
?cieyoe?? ? aeoiaeia? ?cieyoe?? c eaaeo.

A o?aoueiio ?icae?e? i?iaaaeaiee aiae?c ?nioth/eo cania?a aecia/aiiy
ia?aiao??a aeaeo?ii?eaiaea c iaoeiith iino?eiiai no?oio.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui caniae, ui ia?aaeaa/athoue aeei?enoaiiy aeiaeaoeiaeo
aeaeo?e/ieo iaoei o??? ae anoaiiaeaii? iiooaeiino?, ui ? aei?iaoaaia, ?
iai?eeiyoieie a oiiaao aeaeo?i?aiiioiiai i?aei?e?inoaa, aea iaoeie, ui
?aiiioothoueny, iathoue oe?ieo iiiaieeaoo?o. Niin?a aea?ao ia iio?aao?
aeiaeaoeiaeo i?eno?i?a ? i?e ?nieoao o ??ciiiai?oieo ?aaeeiao (aac
caoaeaeaiiy, ?c caoaeaeaiiyi, i?e ei?ioeiio caieeaii?) iiaeia iaea?aeaoe
ie?ai? ao?aoe. I?ioa, aeaiee can?a a?ii?caeeee ? iio?aao? ciaiiy iiiaioo
?ia?oe?? yei?y (aai eiai aecia/aiiy). Aecia/aiiy iiiaioo ?ia?oe?? yei?y
ia? a?aeii? o?oaeiiu?, ai iia’ycaia c oei aea iaoiaeii aea?ao, aea i?e
a?aeiieo oo?aoao. Iaea?eueoa iioe?aiei /a?ac i?inoioo ? iaae?ei?noue ?
can?a aecia/aiiy ao?ao o ?aaeei? oieinoi? oiaee.

Aei?iaoaaia iaoeia ionea?oueny a ?aaeei? aeaeaoia i?e oieinoiio oiae? c
iacaeaaeiei caoaeaeaiiyi. Iine?aeiai? iaiioee caoaeaeaiiy
a?aeeeth/athoueny. Aei??ththoueny no?oi yei?y ? iai?oaa ia eieaeoi??.
Neeaaea?oueny aaeain iiooaeiino? a ?aaeei? oieinoiai oiaeo aeaeaoia.
Ia?aaeaa/a?oueny iiaoaeiaa caeaaeiino? iiooaeiino? oieinoiai oiaeo a?ae
Y?N aeaeaoia i?e eiai iaci?ii?e /anoio? iaa?oaiiy aeey iiae?eo ao?ao
oieinoiai oiaeo ia ao?aoe a noae? ? iaoai?/i? a?ao?/iei oeyoii. Oeaaie
aeaiiai niiniao aa?oi aaaaeaoe: a) iaiao?aei?noue a?ao?/ieo iiaoaeia, ui
iaieio/a aaaea aei iioeaie aecia/aiiy ao?ao; a) aeey i?aeaeuaiiy
oi/iino? aeno?aiieyoe?? iaiao?aeii aei?? ao?ao oieinoiai oiaeo i?e
a?eueo iecuee?e Y?N, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei ?inoo no?oio oieinoi? oiaee ?
aeieeiaiith aeiaeaoeiaeo ao?ao, oiio cia/aiiy no?oio oieinoiai oiaeo
iaiaaeothoue cia/aiiyi 20…25% a?ae iii?iaeueiiai; a) o?oaeiiu? a
aaoiiaoecaoe?? i?ioeano aecia/aiiy neeaaeiaeo ao?ao ? iia’ycaia c oeei
neeaaei?noue aeei?enoaiiy oeueiai caniao i?e iioieia?e ianii?oecaoe??
aeaeo?e/ieo iaoei.

Oaeiae i?iaiae?ciaai? iaoiaee aecia/aiiy aeoeaiiai iii?o neeiaiai eiea
aeaeo?ii?eaiaea iino?eiiai no?oio. Iieacaii, ui aei?? iii?o iino?eiiio
no?oio ca aeiiiiiaith aiia?iao?a ? aieueoiao?a, aai iiaea?eiei iinoii
ia? iaai? iaaeie?ee: i?aeoe/ii iaiiaeeeai c aeaiith oi/i?noth aei??yoe
ii?? iaiioee c?a?aiiai yei?y; aecia/a?oueny ii?? i?e a?aenooiino?
ia?ai?iieo iaai?oieo iie?a ? iino?ei?e u?eueiino? no?oio, ui ?
ia?aaeueiei i?e iaa?oaii? YI; o?eaae?noue aeine?ae?a ? neeaaei?noue
aaoiiaoecaoe?? i?ioeano aei???a.

A ?icae?e? ?icaeyaea?oueny iaoiae ianii?oecaoe?? iaoeie iino?eiiai
no?oio ia iniia? iiae?eo ao?ao a aeaeo?ii?eaiae? c IIO oeyoii ??oaiiy
nenoaie ??aiyiue aia?aaoe/iiai aaeaino a ?aaeei? oieinoiai oiaeo i?e
iino?ei?e oaeaeeino? iaa?oaiiy ? no?oi? caoaeaeaiiy, ui ci?ith?oueny.
Ca?aeii c oeei iaoiaeii ca?eueoo?oueny no?oi caoaeaeaiiy wmetafile8?
??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????`A???&??yyyy?????Ayyy·yyy????????&?
?MathType??`????uath??????wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy·yyy@???????&?
?MathType??`????uath??????aea wmetafile8? ??T???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A????&??yyyy?????AyyyYyyyA??e?????&?
?MathType??`????uath??????wmetafile8? ??a???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@A+???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy?+??o?????&??MathType??P???u’y
????wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy???o?????&?
?MathType??P???uuueN?????I?e ii??aiyii? ao?ao aeaeo?e/ii? iaoeie, ui
io?eiai? i?ney ?aiiioo, ?c oeeie ae ao?aoaie ii caaiaenueeei aeaiei o
iii?iaeueiiio ?aaeei? ?iaioe iaea?aeai? ianooii? ??aiyiiy.

Aeey eeano ?cieyoe?? iaiioee yei?y a?ae?aiiioiaaii? iaoeie c
i?eionoeiith ?iai/ith oaiia?aoo?ith wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`A???&??yyyy?????Ayyy3/4yyy???

?????&??MathType??`????u@th??????wmetafile8?
??1/4??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????A????&??yyyy?????Ayyy¬yyy@??l?????&??MathType??
???u„y????aea c? ciaeii “oo?eo“ aeai? ia?aiao?e aeaeaoia aei
?aiiioo; wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy·yyy@???????&?
?MathType??`????uath??????sseui eean ?cieyoe?? iaiioee, a oaeiae ?oi?e
aeoeaiee ii?? aei ? i?ney ?aiiioo ia a?ae??ciythoueny, oi cia/aiiy
iiaiai iii?iaeueiiai no?oio aoaea iaioa, i?iii?oe?eii c?inoaiith ao?ao o
noae?

wmetafile8? ??+???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
?????&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy@????????&??MathType?????u’y
????I?e aeei?enoaii? a?eueo neeaaeii? oaieiai? iiaeae? aeaeo?e/ii?
iaoeie (?icae?e 2) iiaee iii?iaeueiee no?oi iiaeia iaea?aeaoe c ??aiyiiy
(6), yeui i?eionoeoe iaci?ii?noue o i?ioean? ?aiiioo eeano ?cieyoe?? ?
oaieiaeo i?ia?aeiinoae i?eeiyoi? oaieiai? iiaeae? iaoeie

wmetafile8? ??d???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
 @(???&??yyyy?????Ayyy¦yyy?(??F?????&??MathType??@
???u?????????”????-???????????I ???u„y????aea
wmetafile8? ??U????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy3/4yyyA??

?????&??MathType??`????u@th??????wmetafile8? ??Aenieoaoaoe?y
a?ae?aiiioiaaiiai aeaeaoia c oieii wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy3/4yyy???

?????&??MathType??`????u@th??????A ?icae?e? aecia/aia
iine?aeiai?noue oaieiaeo ?nieo?a ia oieino?e oiae?:

– i?iaiaeyoueny ?nieoe ia oieino?e oiae? aeey aecia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa
ao?ao o noae? wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
a`???&??yyyy?????Ayyy>??? ??

?????&??MathType??`????u@th??????- i?iaaaeeoueny iaa??aaiiy
iaiioee yei?y no?oiii o ?aaeei? ?iaioe aeaeaoia ia oieino?e oiae?
i?ioyaii caaeaiiai /ano t;

– ia/eneth?oueny oaiia?aoo?iee eiao?oe??io wmetafile8?
?????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????a ???&??yyyy?????AyyyYyyya??…?????&?
?MathType??a?
???u?????????”????-?????°i???°????u@th??????-
aecia/a?oueny oaiia?aoo?iee eiao?oe??io wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`???&??yyyy?????Ayyy*yyy ??/?????&?
?MathType??P????u@th??????- aecia/a?oueny aeoeaiee ii?? iaiioee yei?y
a iii?iaeueiiio ?aaeei? ?iaioe wmetafile8? ??????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy·yyy@???????&?
?MathType??`????u1/4y????A ?icae?e? i?eaaaeai? aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeey aenia?eiaioaeueii? ia?aa??ee iniiaieo iieiaeaiue
?icaeyiooi? iaoiaeeee ? iaea?aeaiiy caeaaeiinoae neeaaeiaeo ao?ao a
aeaeo?ii?eaiae? iino?eiiai no?oio a?ae iniiaieo ia?aiao??a ?aaoethaaiiy
? eooiai? oaeaeeino?. ?nieoe i?iaiaeeeenue ia aenia?eiaioaeueiiio
eiiieaen?, ui aeeiiaiee ia iniia? oeiiai? nenoaie aeaeo?ii?eaiaea A-Ae
(?en.1).

?en.1. Aenia?eiaioaeueiee aeine?aeieoeueeee eiiieaen ii ianii?oecaoe??
aeaeaoi?a iino?eiiai no?oio.

I?ae /an ?nieo?a i?iaiaeeeeny aei??e iai?oae yei?y wmetafile8?
??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????` ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy3/4yyya??

?????&??MathType??`????u@th??????Oeyoii noaoenoe/iiai
ii?aoethaaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo i?e ??ciiiai?oi?e eooia?e
oaeaeeino? yei?y c aeia??/ith iiaeeea?noth 95% aoee io?eiai? ?aa?an?ei?
iiaeae? wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????A`
???&??yyyy?????AyyyYyyy ??e?????&?
?MathType??`????u@th??????Caeaaei?noue aeaeo wmetafile8?
??O???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????   ???&??yyyy?????AyyyYyyy` ??E?????&?
?MathType??P????u@th??????Aeae?eeoe ao?aoe, iia’ycai? c aeueie
aa?iii?eaie a i?ae?, iiaeia, i??yth/e na?aaei? ? ae?th/a cia/aiiy no?oio
yei?y a aeene?aoi? cia/aiiy /ano wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A@???&??yyyy?????AyyyTHyyy?????????&??MathType??
????u@th??????wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????a
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy1/2yyya??wmetafile8? ??u???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
a????&??yyyy?????Ayyy1/2yyyA??Caaaeii, aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoaiiy caniao ianii?oecaoe??
iaoeie iino?eiiai no?oio ia iniia? iiae?eo ao?ao a aeaeo?ii?eaiae?
oeyoii ??oaiiy nenoaie ??aiyiue aia?aaoe/iiai aaeaino a ?aaeei? oieinoi?
oiaee i?e iino?ei?e oaeaeeino? iaa?oaiiy ? no?oi? caoaeaeaiiy, ui
ci?ith?oueny.

A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? aeeeaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe ?ic?iaee eiiieaeno ii
ianii?oecaoe?? iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio ia iniia? aaoiiaoeciaaiiai
aeaeo?ii?eaiaea oeio aaioeeueiee ia?aoai?thaa/-aeaeaoi. Aecia/aii
no?oeoo?o eiiieaeno: oeiiaee aeaeo?ii?eaiae, IAII, i?eno??e niieo/aiiy,
i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy (?en.5). Aecia/ai? aeiiae aei oeeo neeaaeiaeo
eiiieaeno. Aeeiiaia ?ic?iaea aeaiaioii? aace i?eno?ith niieo/aiiy,
i?ia?aiiiai caaacia/aiiy aeey ?iaioe i?eno?ith oa i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy
ianii?oecaoe??. Ni?iuaiee aeai?eoi ?iaioe eiiieaeno aeaeyaea? oae.

Ii/aoeiaee ?ic?aooiie ? ia?aa??i/iei. A?i iieyaa? a ia?aa??oe?, /e
ciiaea aeaeaoi i?aoethaaoe a noa?iio ?aaeei?, ia a??th/enue iiiaae
i?eionoeiee ??aaiue. O oiae? ?ic?aooieo AII ii aeaaaeaieo iaoaiaoe/ieo
caeaaeiinoyo aecia/eoue oaiia?aoo?e an?o /anoei aeaeaoia, ii??aiy? oe?
oaiia?aoo?e c i?eionoeieie aeey aeaiiai eeano ?cieyoe?? ? aeaeanoue
?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooie?a ia ae?ai. O aeiaaeeo, yeui aeiaeia c /anoei
aeaeo?e/ii? iaoeie ca ?ic?aooieaie ia aoaea ia?aa??aaoeny aeua
i?eionoeiiai ??aiy, ?nieoe aeaeaoia i?iaeiaaeaoueny ii iiaeaeueoiio
aeai?eoi?. Oaeee aeiaaeie iiaeeeaee eeoa ca oiiae, ui a oiae? ?aiiioo
aeaeaoia iaiioee yei?y ia aeiaethaaeenue, aai aoea anoaiiaeaia ?cieyoe?y
a?eueo aenieiai eeano, /ei aoea ia aeaeaoi? aei ?aiiioo. sseui oey oiiaa
ia aeeiio?oueny, aeai?eoi ianii?oecaoe?? caaacia/o? ia?ao?ae aei
ae?oaiai aeaeo ?ic?aooieo – ianii?oecaoe?eiiai.

O oiae? ianii?oecaoe?eiiai ?ic?aooieo ii caaeaieo ia?aiao?ao aeaeaoia
i?ney ?aiiioo ? i?eionoeieo ia?aaeuaiue oaiia?aoo? ie?aieo eiai /anoei
ciaoiaeeoueny iaaaioaaeoaaeueia ni?iiiaei?noue aeaeaoia iino?eiiai
no?oio, oiaoi eiai iiaee iii?iaeueiee no?oi. I?ney oeueiai aeeiio?oueny
?ic?aooiie, ui iieyaa? a ia?aa??oe? iaa??aaiiy aeaeaoia c iiaei
cia/aiiyi iii?iaeueiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy. Ooi/iththoueny ao?aoe, iia’ycai?
c iaaaioaaeaiiyi, ? oaiia?aoo?e an?o /anoei iaoeie. Ciaeaeai?
oaiia?aoo?e ia iiaeii? ia?aaeuoaaoe caaeaieo.

I?aei?ia?aia i?eeiio – aeaea/a aeaieo yaey? niaith oaeaeeiae?th/o
i?aei?ia?aio ia iia? annaiaea?a, o ooieoe?? yei? aoiaeeoue:
iano?ithaaiiy ia?aeaeueiiai ii?oo ia aeaea/o iioi/iiai caaaeaiiy ia
no?oi caoaeaeaiiy ? oaeaee?noue iaa?oaiiy; oi?ioaaiiy ? aeaea/a
a?aeiia?aeieo neaiae?a caaaeaiiy; aeo?eiea caaeaiiai i?ii?aeeo /ano
i?ae aei??aie; iano?ithaaiiy ia?aeaeueiiai ii?oo ia i?eeii neaiae?a
cai?ioiiai ca’yceo ii no?oio yei?y, no?oio caoaeaeaiiy, oaeaeeino? ?
iai?oc?; c/eooaaiiy cacia/aieo neaiae?a ? caa??aaiiy ?o o iai’yo?
eiii’thoa?a; ia/eneaiiy na?aaei?o cia/aiue, ui aei??ththoueny, ca
ia??iae aei???a ? caa??aaiiy ?o o iai’yo? aeey ianooiieo ia/eneaiue.

Aeai?eoi ?iaioe eiiieaeno ?aae?ciaaiee ia iia? Turbo Pascal 5.5 aeey IBM
PC ? aeicaiey? cae?enieoe ianii?oecaoe?th iaeiiai aeaeaoia (ia ?aooth/e
aeo?ao /ano ia aaiiao?e/i? aei??e) ca aeae?eueea oaeeei.

I’yoee ?icae?e i?enay/aiee aecia/aiith iniaeeainoae aini?ic?aooieiaiai
iaoai?cio i?e aeei?enoaii? aaoiiaoeciaaiiai eiiieaeno ii ianii?oecaoe??
aeaeaoi?a iino?eiiai no?oio ? ia?niaeoeaai oaeineiiaeaiiy eiiieaeno aeey
ianii?oecaoe?? aeaeo?e/ieo iaoei.

Ca?aeii c ?ic?aooieaie, aeiiii?/iee aoaeo a oe?iao 1997 ?ieo neeaaea?
40363,9 a?i., a oa?i?i ieoiiino? aeaiiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy i?e i?eeiyoeo
oiiaao aei??aith? 0,11 ?ieo.

Oaeineiiaeaiiy eiiieaeno ii ianii?oecaoe?? aeaeo?e/ieo iaoei iiaea
cae?enithaaoeny ii oaeeo iai?yieao: oaeineiiaeaiiy aeai?eoio i?iaaaeaiiy
?nieo?a; ?icoe?aiiy iiaeeeainoae ? iioei?caoe?y i?ia?aiiiai caaacia/aiiy
eiiieaeno; iiaea?i?caoe?y aeaiaioii? aace eiiieaeno: IAII, aeiea
niieo/aiiy, aeao/ee?a, nenoaie aeaeo?ii?eaiaea; noai?aiiy
oi?aa?naeueiiai eiiieaeno ii ianii?oecaoe?? aeaeo?e/ieo iaoei ye
iino?eiiai, oae ? ci?iiiai no?oio.

O aeiaeaoeao i?aaenoaaeai? eii?? aeieoiaio?a, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iaoeiaeo oa i?aeoe/ieo ?acoeueoao?a a i?iieneia?noue, oa
aeai?, ui aeiiiaiththoue iniiaio /anoeio aeena?oaoe??.

Iniiai? aeniiaee ii ?iaio?

1. A aeine?aeaeaiiyo, ia iniia? e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae, aeaieo
aei?aiiioiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaeo?e/ieo aeaeaoi?a anoaiiaeaii, ui
iaei??th c i?e/ei aeniei? aaa??eiino? aeaeo?e/ieo iaoei ?
iaa?aeiia?aei?noue ?o ?aaeueieo iaaaioaaeoaaeueieo oa?aeoa?enoee
aenieoaoaoe?eiei ?aaeeiai iaaaioaaeaiiy. A cia/i?e i??? oea ia?
a?aeiioaiiy aei aeaeaoi?a, ui i?ieoee iaeei aai aeae?eueea ?aiiio?a.
Eiaeai c ieo, ye ? cae/aeia aenieoaoaoe?y aeaeaoia, i?ecaiaeeoue aei
ci?ie ?iciiae?eo a??th/eo ao?ao a iane?aeie ci?ie oa?aeoa?enoee
aeaeo?ioaoi?/ii? noae?.

2. A aeena?oaoe?? aeieacaia iiaeeea?noue aecia/aiiy ia?a?iciiae?eo ao?ao
a noae? oa i?ae? ia iniia? ??aiyiiy aaeaino aeoeaii? iiooaeiino? ia
oieinoiio oiaeo c aeei?enoaiiyi iiaeaeae oi?ioaaiiy aeo?ao a noae? a
caeaaeiino? a?ae ?iaeoeoe?? oa /anoioe ia?aiaai?/oaaiiy.

3. Anoaiiaeaii caeiiii??iino? oi?ioaaiiy oaieiaeo ao?ao i?e ci?i? ?o
ia?a?iciiae?eo. Iieacaii, ui ci?ia oa?aeoa?enoee noae? aei
cina?aaeaeaiiy ao?ao ia iiaa?oi? coaoe?a noae? ?, ui iniaeeai ia ?o
?aae?aeueieo e?ayo. Aiane?aeie c?iaeaiiai aeniiaeo aeeiiai?
aeine?aeaeaiiy oaieiaeo i?ioean?a ia iiaeae?.

4. Aeine?aeaeaiiy oaieiaeo i?ioean?a ia iiaeae? aeicaieeee anoaiiaeoe,
ui:

– ?c c?inoaiiyi ao?ao o yei?? niinoa??aa?oueny aeia?aaeaeoaaeueiee ??no
oaiia?aoo?e ?cieyoe?? iaciai? /anoeie iaiioee yei?y a ii??aiyii? c ??
eiaiaeie /anoeiaie;

– iniaeeao oaaao aa?oi caa?iooe ia oi/i?noue aecia/aiiy aoaeue-yeeo
aeae?a oo?ao, oae ye ?o c?inoaiiy i?ecaiaeeoue aei ca?eueoaiiy
oaiia?aoo?e ?cieyoe?? ? aeoiae?a ?? c eaaeoth

5. Aenia?eiaioaeueii aecia/aii, ui

– io?eiaia ?noioia caeaaei?noue ao?ao o noae? a?ae eooiai? oaeaeeino?
aeaeaoia ? no?oio caoaeaeaiiy iio?aao? ei?aeoe?? a ca’yceo c? ci?iith
oa?aeoa?enoee noae?;

– aeae?eeoe ao?aoe, iia’ycai? c aeueie aa?iii?eaie, iiaeia, i??yth/e
na?aaei? ? ae?th/a cia/aiiy no?oio yei?y a aeene?aoi? cia/aiiy /ano;

– iiaeia ?icae?eeoe ao?aoe a noae?, ui aeanoea? naiiio aeaeaoio, ?
ao?aoe, ui iia’ycai? ?c ye?noth iai?oae , ui aeeaeoue. Aeey oeueiai
iaiao?aeii aeeiiaoe aei??e ca iaoiaeeeith oieinoiai oiaeo aeey
??ciiiai?oieo cia/aiue eooiai? oaeaeeino? aeaeaoia ? aeae?eeoe
iino?eiee eiao?oe??io ?aa?an?eii? iiaeae?.

6. Ia i?aenoaa? oai?aoe/ieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue, aiae?co
?ic?aooie?a ?ic?iaeaiee aeai?eoi aaoiiaoeciaaiiai iiae?eo ao?ao a
aeaeo?ii?eaiae? iino?eiiai no?oio.

7. Ia iniia? aeai?eoio aaoiiaoeciaaiiai iiae?eo ao?ao cai?iiiiiaaia
iaoiaeeea ianii?oecaoe?? iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio, ui aeicaiey? aecia/eoe
iaaaioaaeoaaeueio caeaoi?noue aeaeaoia c o?aooaaiiyi ia?a?iciiae?eo
ao?ao.

8. ?ic?iaeaii ? aeaioiaeaiee eiiieaen ii ianii?oecaoe?? iaoei iino?eiiai
no?oio, i?e oeueiio aecia/aii, ui a no?oeoo?o eiiieaeno ii aecia/aiith
ia?aiao??a iaoeie iino?eiiai no?oio iiaeii? aoiaeeoe: aaoiiaoeciaaiee
aeaeo?ii?eaiae, eiii’thoa?, aeie niieo/aiiy ? i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy.

9. Aecia/aii iniaeeaino? aini?ic?aooieiaiai iaoai?cio aeaeo?i?aiiioiiai
i?aei?e?inoaa i?e aeei?enoaii? nenoaie ianii?oecaoe?? e aeiiii?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? a?ae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eiiieaeno aeey ianii?oecaoe?? iaoei
iino?eiiai no?oio, yeee iieyaa? a oiio, ui aecia/a?oueny aeiionoeia
iaaaioaaeaiiy aeaeaoia aai aecia/a?oueny aeiionoeiee /an ?iaioe aei
ianooiiiai aeoiaeo c eaaeo.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii a ianooiieo ?iaioao:

1Ii?aaeaeaiea eeanna ecieyoeee iaiioie aeaeaaoaeae a i?ioeanna ?aiiioa.
/ Aaooa A.N., AEaeaeae O.A., Aeue-Aaoaeiao Nooueyi Iaoioae // Zaszyty
naukowe nr 112 elektryka 16. – Zielona gora (Iieueua),1997, no?.
221-225.2Ii?aaeaeaiea iaa?oci/iie niiniaiinoe aeaeaaoaeae iinoiyiiiai
oiea iinea ?aiiioa c eniieueciaaieai oaieiaie iiaeaee. / Ai?iaueaa A.A.,
Eoaaaa TH.A, AEaeaeae O.A., Aeue-Aaoaeiao Nooueyi Iaoioae // O?oaeu
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/.-oaoi. eiioa?aioeee “Nia?aiaiiua oaoiieiaee e
aaciianiiai eniieueciaaiey yeaeo?iyia?aee”, Aeiai?iiao?iane 1997, no?.
95-100.3Ii?aaeaeaiea iaa?oci/iie niiniaiinoe aeaeaaoaeae iinoiyiiiai
oiea iinea ?aiiioa / Ai?iaueaa A.A., Aaooa A.N., Aeue-Aaoaeiao Nooueyi
Iaoioae // O?oaeu iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/.-oaoi. eiioa?aioeee “I?iaeaiu
aaoiiaoece?iaaiiiai yeaeo?ii?eaiaea. Oai?ey e i?aeoeea”, Oa?ueeia,
Iniiaa, 1996, no?. 190-1914Ono?ienoai ii ianii?oecaoeee aeaeaaoaey
iinoiyiiiai oiea iinea ?aiiioa a ?aaeeia oieinoiai oiaea. / Ai?iaueaa
A.A ,Aaooa A.N., AEaeaeae O.A., Aeue-Aaoaeiao Nooueyi Iaoioae // O?oaeu
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/.-oaoi. eiioa?aioeee “Nia?aiaiiua oaoiieiaee e
aaciianiiai eniieueciaaiey yeaeo?iyia?aee”, Aeiai?iiao?iane 1997, no?.
101-1045Ii?aaeaeaiea nii?ioeaeaiey yei?y iaoeiu iinoiyiiiai oiea n
o/aoii aai iaa?aaa. / Aeue-Aaoaeiao Nooueyi Iaoioae // Nai?iee iao/iuo
o?oaeia Iaoeeiiaeueiie ai?iie aeaaeaiee Oe?aeiu. Aeiai?iiao?iane 1998,
no?. 261-262.6Ii?aaeaeaiea ianii?oiuo ia?aiao?ia aeaeaaoaey iinoiyiiiai
oiea iinea ?aiiioa. / Nooueyi Iaoioae Iaaeea Aeue-Aaoaeiao, Aaooa A.N.
// “I?iaeaie noai?aiiy iiaeo iaoei oa oaoiieia?e” E?aiai/oa,
E?aiai/ooeueeee Aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee ?inoeooo, 1999, no?. 63-657I
?aaeueiie iaa?oci/iie niiniaiinoe aeaeaaoaey iinoiyiiiai oiea. / Nooueyi
Iaoioae Iaaeea Aeue-Aaoaeiao, Aaooa A.N. // “I?iaeaie noai?aiiy iiaeo
iaoei oa oaoiieia?e” E?aiai/oa, E?aiai/ooeueeee Aea?aeaaiee
iie?oaoi?/iee ?inoeooo, 1999, no?. 87-89

Aeaniee aianie aaoi?a a ?iaioao, iioae?eiaaieo ?acii c? ni?aaaoi?aie,
iieyaa? a ianooiiiio: a [1] ? 2 i?eaaaeaii caeaaei?noue oaiia?aoo?e
?cieyoe?? a?ae eiino?oeoeaieo eiao?oe??io?a ? eiao?oe??io?a
oaieii?ia?aeiino?.; a ?iaioao 3 ? 7 aeaaaeaiiy caeaaeiino? eiao?oe??ioa
ao?ao a noae? yei?y a?ae iai?oae ? no?oio neeiaiai eiea aeaeo?ii?eaiaea
i?e ??cieo ?o cia/aiiyo; a 4 – ?ic?iaea aeai?eoio ianii?oecaoe??
aeaeaoia iino?eiiai no?oio; a 6 – ?ic?iaea oai?aoe/ieo iniia niiniao
ianii?oecaoe?? aeaeaoia iino?eiiai no?oio.

Aiioaoe?y.

Noo’yi Iaoioae Iaaeea Aeue-Aaoaeiao. Aaoiiaoeciaaiee aeaeo?iiaoai?/iee
eiiieaen ii aecia/aiith ia?aiao??a iaoei iino?eiiai no?oio i?ney
?aiiioo. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.09.03 – Aeaeo?ioaoi?/i? eiiieaene ? nenoaie. –
Iaoe?iiaeueia a??ie/a aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie, Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ieoaiiyi aecia/aiiy ia?aiao??a iaoei
iino?eiiai no?oio i?ney ?aiiioo c iaoith i?iaiicoaaiiy ?o ?iai/iai
?ano?no oa ?aaeeio ?iaioe. Aiae?cothoueny i?e/eie aeoiaeo IIN c eaaeo,
i?ioean ?o ?aiiioo oa ci?ie, ye? a?i aiineoue aei ia?aiao??a noae? ?
i?ae? yei?y. Cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaeeeo ?icae?eaiiy ao?ao a yei?? ia
neeaaeia? a ?aaeei? oieinoiai oiaeo ia iniia? ae??oaiiy nenoaie ??aiyiue
aaeaino iiooaeiino? ia oieinoiio oiae? c ianooiiei iiaeaethaaiiyi
oaieiaeo i?ioean?a a IIN a iii?iaeueiiio ?aaeei? ca aeiiiiiaith
?ic?iaeaii? oaieiai? iiaeae? IIN . Aecia/aii caeaaeiino? oaieiai ?aaeeio
?iaioe ?cieyoe?? iaiioee yei?y a?ae ie?aieo oaieii?ia?aeiinoae, a?ae
ci?ie ie?aieo neeaaeiaeo ao?ao. Aeine?aeaeaii aieea aeueo aa?iii?e
iai?oae yei?y ia aaee/eio ao?ao o noae?. Cai?iiiiiaaii noaio
aaoiiaoeciaaiiai eiiieaeno ii aecia/aiith ia?aiao??a IIN ia aac?
ia?niiaeueii? AII. ?icaeyiooi iniiai? ooieoe?iiaeuei? aeiee eiiieaeno.
Iaaaaeaii aeai?eoi i?ia?aiiiai caaacia/aiiy, ui ?aae?co? i?ia?aio
aecia/aiiy ia?aiao??a. I?iaaaeaii oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/iee aiae?c
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?ic?iaee o ae?iaieoeoai. Cai?iiiiiaaii ?aeiiaiaeaoe??
uiaei iiaeaeueoi? iiaea?i?caoe?? eiiieaeno.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aei?iaoaaiiy, iaoeie iino?eiiai no?oio, oieinoee o?ae,
ao?aoe a noae?, oaieiaa iiaeaeue, aaoiiaoeciaaiee eiiieaen.

Aiiioaoeey.

Nooueyi Iaoioae Iaaeea Aeue-Aaoaeiao. Aaoiiaoece?iaaiiue
yeaeo?iiaoaie/aneee eiiieaen ii ii?aaeaeaieth ia?aiao?ia iaoei
iinoiyiiiai oiea iinea ?aiiioa. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia iieo/aiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.09.03 – Yeaeo?ioaoie/aneea eiiieaenu e nenoaiu. –
Iaoeeiiaeueiay ai?iay aeaaeaiey Oe?aeiu, Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai ii?aaeaeaiey ia?aiao?ia iaoei
iinoiyiiiai oiea iinea ?aiiioa n oeaeueth i?iaiice?iaaiey eo ?aai/aai
?ano?na e ?aaeeia ?iaiou. Aiaeece?othony i?e/eiu auoiaea IIO ec no?iy,
i?ioeann eo ?aiiioa e eciaiaiey, eioi?ua yoio i?ioeann aiineo a
ia?aiao?u noaee iaeaoa yei?y e iaaee yei?iie iaiioee. Iieacaii, /oi ec
?aiiioa auoiaeeo i?aeoe/anee iiaay iaoeia, eioi?ay eiaao iiaua ia?aiao?u
e oa?aeoa?enoeee. Iaoneiaeaia iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?iaaaeaiey iinea?aiiioiuo
eniuoaiee e ii?aaeaeaiu eeth/aaua iaaeinoaoee nouanoaothueo
eniuoaoaeueiuo i?eai?ia e eiiieaenia.

I?aaeeiaeaia iaoiaeeea ?acaeaeaiey iioa?ue a yei?a ia ninoaaeythuea a
?aaeeia oieinoiai oiaea ia iniiaa ?aoaiey nenoaiu o?aaiaiee aaeaina
iiuiinoe ia oieinoii oiaeo n iineaaeothuei iiaeaee?iaaieai oaieiauo
i?ioeannia a IIO a iiieiaeueiii ?aaeeia n iiiiuueth ?ac?aaioaiiie
oaieiaie iiaeaee.

Ii?aaeaeaiu caaeneiinoe oaieiaiai ?aaeeia ?aaiou ecieyoeee iaiioee yei?y
io oaieiauo i?iaiaeeiinoae iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie /anoyie iaoeiu, a oaeaea
io eciaiaiey ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia iioa?ue. Enneaaeiaaii aeeyiea aunoeo
aa?iiie/aneeo ninoaaeythueo a iai?yaeaiee yei?y ia aaee/eio iioa?ue a
noaee. I?eaaaeaiu caaeneiinoe e aeai?eoi aeey ?an/aoa iiieiaeueiiai
nii?ioeaeaiey iaiioee yei?y ii ?acoeueoaoai ecia?aiee, auiieiaiiuo ia
oieinoii oiaeo.

I?aaeeiaeaia noaia aaoiiaoece?iaaiiiai eiiieaena ii ii?aaeaeaieth
ia?aiao?ia IIO ia aaca ia?niiaeueiie YAI, aeeth/athuaai a naay
aaoiiaoece?iaaiiue yeaeo?ii?eaiae, aeie nii?yaeaiey e i?ia?aiiiia
iaania/aiea. ?anniio?aiu iniiaiua ooieoeeiiaeueiua aeiee eiiieaena, eo
ia?aiao?u, oa?aeoa?enoeee, oneiaey ?aaiou e iano?ieee. I?eaaaeai
aeai?eoi i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey, eioi?ue ?aaeecoao i?ia?aiio
ii?aaeaeaiey ia?aiao?ia.

I?iaaaeai oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec aiaae?aiey ?ac?aaioee a
i?iecaiaenoai. ?ann/eoai yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo e n?ie ieoiaaiinoe
aiaae?aiey. I?aaeeiaeaiu ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ioiineoaeueii aeaeueiaeoae
iiaea?iecaoeee eiiieaena.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: eniuoaiey, iaoeiu iinoiyiiiai oiea, oieinoie oiae,
iioa?e a noaee, oaieiaay iiaeaeue, aaoiiaoece?iaaiiue eiiieaen.

Abstract.

Sufian Mahmmoud Najib Al-Bataineh. An automated electromechanical
constant current machines parameters after repair determination complex.
– Manuscript.

Dissertation on reception of a scientific degree of the candidate of
technical sciences on the speciality 05.09.03 – Electrotechnical
complexes and systems. – National mining university of Ukraine,
Dniepropetrovsk, 1999.

The questions of direct current machines after repair parameters
determination with the purpose of forecasting their working resource and
mode robots are described in the dissertation. The reasons of exit CCM
out of operation, process of their repair and changes which this process
brings into parameters of anchor steel and copper are analyzed. A
technique of single course division of losses in an anchor with the
subsequent thermal processes in CCM nominal mode modeling is offered.
Dependencies of isolation operations thermal mode of an anchor winding
from separate thermal conductivities as well as from the change of
particular kinds of losses are determined. The influence of maximum
harmonics in an anchor voltage on losses in steel size is investigated.
The PC-based automated determination complex of circuit parameters is
offered. The basic functional blocks of a complex, their parameters,
characteristics, condition of implementations and set-up are considered.
The software algorithm which realizes the parameters determination
program is brought. The technological analysis of development
introduction in manufacture is spent. The recommendations for further
modernization of a complex are offered.

Keywords: tests, direct current machines, run idle, losses in steel,
heat model, automated complex.

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