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Взаємовпливи історико-культурних процесів Заходу і Сходу в XVIII-XX ст. (на прикладах художньої культури): Автореф. дис… д-ра іст. наук / Е.М. Кучме

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EE?ANUeEEE IAOe?IIAEUeIEE OI?AA?NEOAO

EOEUeOO?E ? IENOAOeOA

EO*IAIEI Aeaiii?a Ieeiea?aia

OAeE 7.034(4/8)+7.035(4/8)+7.036(4/8)

ACA?IIAIEEAE ?NOI?EEI-EOEUeOO?IEO I?IOeAN?A CAOIAeO ? NOIAeO A OVIII –
XX no.no. (ia i?eeeaaeao ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e)

17.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y eoeueoo?e

A A O I ? A O A ? A O

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a ?noi?e/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?

?i. I.I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio – aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
?noi??? Oe?a?ie

Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai

oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.
I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa

Ai?enaiei Aieiaeeie?
Eineiiae/

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe, aee?aeoi?

?inoeoooo a?ia?ao?/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue

IAI Oe?a?ie

*eoei A?oae?e Na?a?eiae/,

aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe,
i?ioani?

eaoaae?e ?noi??? Oe?a?ie

Iaoe?iiaeueiiai aa?a?iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo

ss?ai/aiei Ai?en
Iao?iae/,

aeieoi? o?einionueeeo
iaoe,

caa?aeoaa/ naeoi?ii
i?aaeaiii-no?aeieo

no?aoaa?/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue

Iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?inoeoooo
no?aoaa?/ieo

aeine?aeaeaiue

Ia?aoiinueeee Ai?en
Ieaenaiae?iae/.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – ?inoeooo ?noi??? Oe?a?ie, IAI Oe?a?ie, a?aeae?e
?noi??? eoeueoo?e oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo, i. Ee?a.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “29 “aeiaoiy 1999 ?. i 15 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.807.02 a Ee?anueeiio iaoe?iiaeueiiio
oi?aa?neoao? eoeueoo?e ? ienoaoeoa I?i?noa?noaa eoeueoo?e ? ienoaoeoa
Oe?a?ie (252133, i. Ee?a, aoe. Ui?na, 36).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Ee?anueeiai
iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo eoeueoo?e ? ienoaoeoa ( 252133, i. Ee?a,
aoe. Ui?na, 36).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii “28“ aa?aniy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Aoeaoiaa A.?.

1.CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oa aeioe?euei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy iiynith?oueny
ianaiia?aae aaaeeea?noth cia/aiiy aeooiaii? niaaeueie, ui aeeth/a? ?
ooaeiaeith, aeey no/aniiai ?icaeoeo eoeueoo?e, ai ana e?aua, ui noai?aia
ae?yeuei?noth iiia?aaei?o iieie?iue ( i?aaenoaaiee?a ??cieo
iaoe?iiaeueieo eoeueoo? ), canaith?oueny no/aniith eoeueoo?ith, ia?anoa?
aooe aeey ia? /oaeei. Ia no/aniiio aoai?, eiee iieiaea oe?a?inueea
aea?aeaaa iaiieaaeeai iaiaaa?oueny ooaa?aeeoe naaa aaiiie?oe/ii e
eoeueoo?ii – oeea?e?caoe?eii, iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy iaaoaa? iayai?noue
aenieiai ??aiy noi?iiaaiino? iaoeiai? ea?oeie na?oo. Aea/aiiy ?noi???
eoeueoo?e, ?? o?aaeeoe?e ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith na?oiaeyaeieo oa aeooiaieo
canaae. ? i?e oeueiio oyaeaiiy i?i eoeueoo?o, eoeueoo?i?noue ?
eoeueoo?ioai?/? i?ioeane, i?i aca?iiaieea ??cieo eoeueoo?, ?o cono??/ ?
ae?aeia – iaea?eueo ni?eyoeeaee a?oio aeey ona?aeiieaiiy ?
naiiona?aeiieaiiy eoeueoo?e. “Noa?a” ? “iiaa”, “nai?” ? “/oaea” ia ia? a
eoeueoo?? iino?eieo ioe?ithth/eo oa?aeoa?enoee. I?ui ?c ocyoiai o
ae?aeic? ia caeeoa?oueny iaci?iiei, aiii caeiaoaa? ?ene naiai, aea ?
eoeueoo?a, yea oea canaith?, ci?ith?oueny, ui aea? iiaeeea?noue
a?ae/oaeaiiai iiaeyaeo ia aeanio eoeueoo?o o ?? ieioeeo noaiao. Ia
nueiaiaei? oaeee iaoeiaee ?icaeyae ia iaio aaaeeeaee, i?ae i?iaiicoaaiiy
iaeaooiueiai ?icaeoeo eoeueoo?e, cie?aia ? ooaeiaeiuei?. Ia’?aeiaiiy
oeeo aeaio ni?ia aea? a?eueo /e iaio ei?aeoi? iane?aeee, ? naia
?noi?e/iee iaeyae, ia iao iiaeyae, iiaea aena?oeeoe iaai? eiioaeoe ?
oaiaeaioe?? a oeueiio i?ioean?. Anoaiiaeaiiy e?i?e niaaeeiaino?
aeiiiiaaa? ?ic??cieoe ? a?aeaaeoaeaiiy ci?i a iueiio. I?ioa no/ania
o?aaeeoe?eia nenoaia iaoiaeeee aeine?aeaeaiiy oa aiae?co
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ii? niaaeueie ia iaaieioo? ia ae?aeic? eoeueoo?,
cie?aia Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo, a noeoiiino? on?o nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo ?
iie?oe/ieo iniaeeainoae ?icaeoeo ethaenueeiai noni?euenoaa; ia iaaea?
iaeaaeiiai cia/aiiy ?noi??ia?ao?/iiio aeine?aeaeaiith oa aea/aiith oe???
i?iaeaie, ui oiaiiaeeeaeth? aecia/aiiy i?noey ?noi??? eoeueoo?e Oe?a?ie,
? cie?aia ooaeiaeiuei? ye neeaaeiai? caaaeueiiai ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai
i?ioeano, a eoeueoo?i?e niaaeuei? ieioeiai, a oaeiae caaino?th?
noia?a/i?noue i?ae noni?eueieie aeiiaaie aei ??aiy noi?iiaaiino?
iaoeiai? ea?oeie na?oo oa ?aaeueiei noaiii ?a/ae.

A ?iaio? ?icaeyaeathoueny aca?iiaieeae ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo
i?ioean?a, a oiio /ene? ? ooaeiaei?o, ia?iae?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo;
?noi??ia?ao?y ?noi?e/ii?, eoeueoo?ieia?/ii?, o?einionueei?,
ienoaoeoaiciaa/i? oa ?ioi? iaoeiai? aeoiee, ui ? aaaeeeaith aeey
?icoi?iiy i?iaeaie ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai, ooaeiaeiueiai ?icaeoeo e?a?i
Caoiaeo oa Noiaeo a iiaee /an, ?o ae?aeiao. I?ae eooii aca?iiaieea?a
eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/ieo i?ioean?a, ui aeieeathoue ye ?o iane?aeie, ie
aeine?aeaeo?ii aca?iiaieea eoeueoo?ieo o?aaeeoe?e oa no/aniino?.

Ae?aeaeoeea niaaeeiaino? ? ci?i ia caeeoeeanue iica oaaaith
aeine?aeiee?a ? aeineoue oe?iei aea/a?oueny. Aea oi?eaeuei?noue
eoeueoo?e iieyaa? a oiio, ui, oa?a?aaoe a naaa aeanoeaino? iiia?aaei?o
eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/ieo ia??iae?a, aiia ia a?aeeeaea?, ia cai?ith? ?o
iiai?noth, a noa? niaaeei?ioeai oa ia?oia?ii. sse cacia/a?oueny a
i?aoe? A.A?aea?a [Eoeueoo?a. Aeeaeia eoeueoo?. /Iiuo ii?aaeaeaiey/
//Aii?inu oeeinioee.-I.,1989.-?6.-N.38.], eoeueoo?a – oea oi?ia
iaeii/aniiai aoooy ? ni?eeoaaiiy ethaeae ??cieo – ieioeeo, no/anieo ?
iaeaooi?o – eoeueoo?, oi?ia ae?aeiao ? aca?iiaieea?a oeeo eoeueoo? .

A?aoiaoth/e oea, ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui eoeueoo?ia niaaeueia – aeeaee
o/aniee eoeueoo?iiai i?ioeano ? i?aeaea?oueny ci?iai a?aeiia?aeii
caaaeueii-?noi?e/iei i?ioeanai, a ia caieoe no/aniino? eiaeiiai ?aco
a?aeiia?aea? ii – ??ciiio, caeaaeii a?ae ci?noo ? oi?ioethaaiiy
caieoo aeaiiai aoaio ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo.

I?eeeaaeii iiaea aooe ci?ia iaoiai oyaeaiiy, ui a?aeaoeany ca
inoaii? aeae?eueea aeanyoee?oue i?i eoeueoo?o ?a?iiaenueeiai
na?aaeiueia?//y, cia/ii ?icoe?eeeny oiiaee, c yeeo no/ania eoeueoo?a
aioiaa /a?iaoe ciaiiy oa aeina?ae aeey iiaeaeueoiai naiai ?icaeoeo. Ua
a?eueo ?acth/? ci?ie a?aeaoaathoueny c eoeueoo?iith niaaeueiith Noiaeo –
ye o eiai ae?aeic? c eoeueoo?ith Caoiaeo, oae ? o ni?eeoaaii? c
aeecueeeie eoeueoo?aie nueiaiaeaiieo Ac?? ? Ao?eee, aea a?eueo /?oei
iiaeia aeine?aeeoe ye ii-??ciiio a?aeiia?aea? niaaeueia ia ieoaiiy, ui
iaaeoiaeyoue a?ae ieo , aa?o/e i?e oeueiio aei oaaae, ui ni?eeoaaiiy
i?ae ia?oia?aie iiaea aooe ia o?eueee ?ioaeaeooaeueiei, aea ? /ooo?aei,
ia o?eueee caaaiooei, aea ? ???aoe?iiaeueii – i?noe/iei. ? naia o
i?ioean? ae?aeiao eoeueoo?, ?? aca?iiaieeao a?aeaoaa?oueny ia o?eueee
?ice?eooy aeua cacia/aieo i?ioean?a, aea ? (ianaiia?aae) i?ciathoue
iaeia iaeio oa nai? naaa.

Eiio?aioieo aiein?a ana?aaeei? eoeueoo?e – oaia a?aeiinii iiaa.
Niaaeeia?noue ? ci?ie oaeiae a?aeiinyoueny aei /enea i?ioeae?th/eo, aea
oaeeo i?eioeei?a, ui ia aeeaooue iaeei aac iaeiiai ? iio?aaothoue naiai
iiaeaeueoiai aecia/aiiy oa aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ia iao iiaeyae, oey oaia
/?oei i?ine?aeeiao?oueny o ieoaii? i?i ?ieue ? cia/aiiy ooa?aaaaee o
no/aniiio noni?euenoa? A??ie, Eaiio/??, Oa?eaiaeo, Eaino ? O??-Eaiee,
aea iiaeia aeine?aeeoe oi?iiy aoaeae?enueei? neiaie?ee ? aeieo?eie
aaeaiooaaoeny aei ci?i o noni?euenoa?, a oaeiae caeaoi?noue ooa?aaaaee
iioe?thaaoe na?e aieea ia an? noa?e no/aniiai aeeooy – aeiiii?eo,
iie?oeeo, eeaniooai?aiiy, noaoe aeoeaiei o/anieeii i?ioeano
iiaea?i?caoe?? [Aaaaeaeaiyi A.N. Aoaeaeeci eae neiaie e enoi/iee
naiiauoiinoe (ia i?eia?a iauanoaa ooa?aaaaeu a OO a).- Eoeueoo?iia
ianeaaeea: i?aainoaaiiinoue e ia?aiaiu. Aui.2.-I.:Iaoea,
1991.-N.17-63.].

Noa? i/aaeaeiei, ui ?aeeia ?ae?a?eia o?aaeeoe?y, iacaaaeath/e ia
ana, ii-??ciiio a?aeiia?aea? ia aeiiae no/aniino? o ??cieo e?a?iao. ?
oea c?icoi?ei, ai ooa?aaaaea ?icaeaaeanue a ieo o a?aeiia?aeiino? c
iaoe?iiaeueieie oiiaaie, aea niaaeeia?noue ? ci?ie coiiaeai?
aeanoe/i?noth aaciaeo oai ? eiae?a, ?c yeeo neeaaea?oueny eoeueoo?a.

Ui ae noino?oueny iaaeanoe/ii? nenoaie, oi aiia iia’ycaia ?c
cae?eoeie nioe?aeueieie no?oeoo?aie, ye? ia?aoeiaeaeathoue i?iieeiaiith
iiaiai ? ye? ia caeaoi? aei aaeaioaoe??, a neeo /iai o noni?euenoaao ?c
aei?noeith iie?oe/iith nenoaiith iino?eii a?aeaoaathoueny e?ece,
caeieioe, ia?aai?ioe, aeieeathoue ?aaeeeaeuei? ooeee ??cieo iai?yi?a.

Ia i?eeeaae? aaiethoe?? cao?aeieo aeine?aeaeaiue aoaeaeecio
ooa?aaaaee ne?ae caa?iooe oaaao ia ae?aeia i?ae ??cieie eoeueoo?aie
(Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo). I?e oeueiio aecia/a?oueny, ui nii/aoeo a?aeaoaaeiny
aea/aiiy oae caaii? aaeeei? o?aaeeoe?? (eaiiio) iae?enueeiai aoaeaeecio
i?e iiaiiio ?aii?oaaii? i?aeoe/ii? ?ae?a??, ? ui ia ci?io oeueiio
i?aeoiaeo i?eeoia i?ioeeaaeiee, i?e yeiio aaeeea o?aaeeoe?y iaeaea
iiai?noth a?ae?eoea o o?iue, aoea canooieaia i?aeoeeith nueiaiaeaiiy,
yea ??cei a?aeoeeyeany a?ae eaiiio. ?, ia?aoo?, oaiaeaioe?y
aoaeaeieia?? inoaiiueiai aeanyoe??//y iieyaa? a oiio, uia
?icaeyaeaoe ca’ycie aaeeei? o?aaeeoe?? c aeooaeueiith i?aeoeeith, aai,
iaa?oue iinoaaeoe i?ae noii?a ie?aei?noue ?iciiae?eo oe?e?nii? nenoaie
eoeueoo?e ia aaeeeo ? iaeo o?aaeeoe??. Iai caea?oueny, ui aaiethoe?y
cao?aeii? aoaeaeieia?? caaaey/o? ia o?eueee naii?ooo oai?/i? aeoiee, ia
o?eueee c?ooaiiyi o ?a?iiaenuee?e eoeueoo??, aea ? caeaoiino? eoeueoo?e
canaithaaoe a?aeiia?ae? ia caaeai? /oae?e eoeueoo?? ieoaiiy. Oa?aeoa?
ieoaiue ci?ith?oueny caeaaeii ye a?ae io?eiaieo a?aeiia?aeae, oae ?
iiaeyae?a, ui ci?iththoueny, ia aeanio eoeueoo?o. A iiaeyaee oe?
iiaeooue ci?ithaaoeny eeoa i?e iaaeoiaeaeaii? iaaii? ciai?oiuei?
?ioi?iaoe??, yea caeaoia i?eioneoe ii-iiaiio ona?aeiieoe i?iaeaio: ui ?
eoeueoo?a, o aea/aii? yei? No?ae ia nueiaiaei? a?ae?a?a? ia?oi?yaeio
?ieue.

Aeaea?aeueia aaca aeine?aeaeaiiy: i?e aena?oeaii? oaie aeena?oaoe??
iaie aoee aeei?enoai? a?o?ai? aeaea?aea, ae?oeiaai? iaoa??aee, ye?
caa??aathoueny a a?o?aao ? a?ae?ioaeao Oe?a?ie, ? a oe?ieee ia?a
caeaa?eueoiai aaiaeyoueny oia?oa, ca??ieee aeieoiaio?a ? iaoa??ae?a.

Oae, aeey aecia/aiiy ?ie? iaoe?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e ? noaaeaiiy
aea?aeaae, cie?aia N?N?, aei oai?/i? ?ioae?aaioe?? aoee aeei?enoai?
oiiaee Oeaio?aeueiiai aea?aeaaiiai a?o?ao aeueo i?aai?a aeaaee oa
oi?aae?iiy Oe?a?ie (OeAeAAI Oe?a?ie) – I?acueeee a?o?a, a yeiio
caa??aathoueny aeieoiaioe, oai?/a, iaoeiaa, a?iiaaenueea, eoeueoo?ia
niaaeueia i?aaenoaaiee?a ?ioaeaeooaeueii? oa a?iiaaenueei? ae?oe
Oe?a?ie, ui ciooai? aoee ae?oaoe ca ei?aeii ? oai i?iiaaoaaoe ?noi??th
oa eoeueoo?o Oe?a?ie; Oeaio?aeueiiai aea?aeaaiiai a?o?ao a?iiaaenueeeo
ia’?aeiaiue Oe?a?ie ( OeAeAAI Oe?a?ie) – [O.1, O.39, O.263], iaoa??aee
yeeo na?ae/aoue i?i noaaeaiiy aei oe?a?inueei? oai?/i? ?ioae?aaioe??
?aaeyinueeeo i?aai?a aeaaee; Ca??iee aeieoiaio?a ? iaoa??ae?a “O eauaoao
oioae?oa?ecio: Ia?oa aeaaaeoeyoe??//y ?inoeoooo ?noi??? Oe?a?ie IAI
Oe?a?ie (1936-1956??.).O aeaio /anoeiao. *anoeia ? (1936-1944??.);
*anoeia I (1944 – 1956??.)”. – E.- 1996?. iiaith aeieoiaio?a ?iciia?aea?
i?i ia?oa aeaaaeoeyoe??//y ae?yeueiino? i?ia?aeii?
iaoeiai-aeine?aeieoeueei? onoaiiae ?noi?e/iiai i?io?eth ?anioae?ee –
?inoeoooo ?noi??? Oe?a?ie IAI Oe?a?ie.

Cia/iee eoeueoo?iee ieano aeieoiaio?a ciaoiaeeoueny a a?o?a?
?inoeoooo ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa, oieueeei?enoeee oa aoiieia?? IAI Oe?a?ie (
?IOA Oe?a?ie) – [O.42], a?o?a? Aea?aeaaiiai iocath oaao?aeueiiai,
ioce/iiai oa e?iiienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie ( AeIOI?E Oe?a?ie ) –
[?ia.?10336,9131], a yeeo caa??aa?oueny oai?/a niaaeueia oe?a?inueeeo
ieooe?a eoeueoo?e, aiae?coth/e yeo iiaeia c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i cia/iee
aianie oe?a?inueei? eoeueoo?e a caaaeueiee na?oiaee eoeueoo?iee i?ioean
oa i?i i?noea oe?a?inueei? eoeueoo?e a ae?aeic? eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ?
Noiaeo.

Aeaea?aeueiith aacith neoaoaaee oaeiae iaoeia? i?aoe?
cao?aeii?a?iiaenueei? oa no?aeii?a?iiaenueei? aeoiee, ye? aeiaaee /an
caa??aaeeny o niaoeoiiaeao – I.Oiaiaea?a, O.I?oeoa, I.Aeaieeaanueeiai,
A.Aiai?ac-Oaia, I.*eaeaanueeiai, A. Nieiaeiaa oa ?i., a oaeiae
oe?a?inueeeo aeine?aeiee?a c ae?anii?e – I.Nai/eoeia, ?.Iaeaithea,
I.Iieiinueei?-Aaneeaiei, ?.Ia??iei, I.Noaoaeueiiai oa ?i.

?noi??ia?ao?y i?iaeaie. Iaoiaeieia?/i? ieoaiiy aea/aiiy na?oiaeo
eoeueoo?ieo eiioaeo?a ?icaeyaeathoueny o i?aoeyo ?.?aoeianueeiai
[Ainoieiaaaeiay i?iaeaiaoeea a eoeueoo?ii-enoi?e/aneie eiioeaioeee
A.Aeae.Oieiae.-I.:Iaoea,1976; Iaoeiaaaeaiea e Ainoie.-I.:Iaoea,1980],
Ae.*aniieiaa [E?eoeea ao?aeoaciuo eoeueoo?ieiae/aneeo oai?ee
oeeeee/aneiai ?acaeoey.-I.:Ciaiea,1973], A.E?einueeiai [?noi??y
Oo?a//eie. – E.-Euea?a:”Ie??”,1996], ss.Aeaoeaae/a [Oe?a?ia ia iaae?
i?ae Noiaeii ? Caoiaeii (O?O-OOO no.) // Caienee iaoeiaiai oiaa?enoaa
?i.O.Oaa/aiea. – Euea?a.- 1991. –O.222.- N.37-47] , N. A?oaiianueeiai
[Enoi?e/aneia aaeeinoai /aeiaa/anoaa e acaeiiia aeeyiea eoeueoo?.
Oeeinionei-iaoiaeieiae/aneee aiaeec nia?aiaiiuo ca?oaaaeiuo eiioeaioeee.
– E.:I?inaauaiea,1967;Iaoiaeieiae/aneea aii?inu eco/aiey ie?iauo
eoeueoo?iuo eiioaeoia. // Iaoiaeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu enneaaeiaaiey
enoi?ee eoeueoo?u. – E.: EAEE, 1982.- N.44-56], ?. Aaeea?a

[ I?aainoaaiiinoue e ?acaeoea eoeueoo?u. – I.:Iaoea, 1969] , A. Nieieiaa
[Koeueoo?a e ee/iinoue. –E.: Iaoea, EI, 1972], A. *aeeaea [ O enoieia
aa?iiaeneie oeeaeeecaoeee.-I.:Eiino?aiiay eeoa?aoo?a, 1952],
Aeae.Eieeuey?aea [Enoi?ey oieueeei?enoeee a Aa?iia. –I.: Ecae-ai
eiino?.eeoa?aoo?u, 1960], A.Iaeeiianueeiai [The Dinamics of Culture
Chage. An Inquiry into rase reltions in Africa. – New Haven.-1945],
A.Ia?aoi [Les systemes socialistes. 2 vol. – Paris.- 1902, 11, p.405;
Sociological writings. – N.Y., Praeger,1966; The mind and Society. –
N.Y. –1935,vol.4,p.2029,2031; Trattato di sociologia generale.
–Vol.1-3,Florence. –1916], A.??eea?oa [ Iaoee i i?e?iaea e iaoee i
eoeueoo?a. –I.: Ecae-ai “?anioaeeea”, 1998] A.Aeae.Oieia? [
Aeine?aeaeaiiy ?noi???. A 2 o. – E.:Iniiae,1995], I.Oiaiaea? [Caeao
Aa?iiu. I/a?ee ii?oieiaee ie?iaie enoi?ee.A 2 o.-I.:Iuneue,1998],
E.Iinea?ia [?ac?yaeea e nioeeaeueiue i?ia?ann. –I.;Iaoea,1980 ] oa ?i.
Aaoi?e oeeo i?aoeue aieiaio aeoieo caiaeyoue aei oiai, ui noa?iaeaai?,
ye naia ?noi??y, na?oia? eoeueoo?i? ca’ycee i?aeo?eiothoueny on??th
eia?eith ?noi?e/ieo iiae?e ? iaa?aeae?euei? a?ae ethaenueeiai ?icaeoeo a
oe?eiio c /iai iiaeia c?iaeoe aeniiaie a aeioe?eueiino? aeio?eiaiiy
o?aaeeoe?e oa ?o cia/aiiy a ?icaeoeo aoaeue-yei? e?a?ie.

?noi??y ssiii?? ? yne?aaei i?eeeaaeii oe??? aeoiee. Oea iaeia c
iaei?eaaaeea?oeo aeey no/aniiai na?oo e?a?i Noiaeo. Aiia aeeeeea?
?ioa?an ye i?aeoe/iee, oae ? aeeaiei iaoeiaee. Iiaea?i?caoe?y, ui oae
ia/oaaii a?aeaoeany a oe?e e?a?i?, aeeeeea? i?eaieiioaiiy, ?ieiee
cacae??noue ? iaeaea iianthaeia ia?icoi?iiy. Oni?oe iaae
?iaeono??ae?caoe?? – anoia?a/ /e caaaeyee o?aaeeoe?ei?e eoeueoo???
?aeeia no?aeia e?a?ia, yea oni?oii ciaaa?oueny ?c Caoiaeii ? /anii
io?eio? ia?aeiieeao ia?aiiao, – ui oea: oi?eaeuei?noue eoeueoo?e /e
iiaeia i/?eoaaoe, ui e ?io? ia?iaee Noiaeo coi?thoue o iaeaeeae/iio
iaeaooiueiio aeinyaoe iiae?aieo ?acoeueoao?a? ? o /iio i?e/eia oni?oo –
a oi?ii? i?enoinoaaoeny aei aeiia no/aniino? ? aaeaeaaoii canai?oe
aeii?iaioi? cao?aei? aieeae, /e ae i?e/eia o i?eoeeueiino? yiiioe?a aei
a?yiue nueiaiaeaiiy ? naii?ooo eoeueoo?e? ?ioa?an aei aeiiii?/ieo
aeinyaiaiue i?eaiaeeoue aei iinoaiiaee niaoeeo?/ii eoeueoo?ieia?/ieo
i?iaeai, ae??oaiiy yeeo iio?aaothoue ciaiiy c ?noi??? oe??? e?a?ie,
oeueiai ?aa?iio. Oe? i?iaeaie noathoue iano?eueee aeooaeueieie, ui
iio?aaothoue iaaaeueiiai ?o ae??oaiiy, oiio ui aiie iathoue aeeoo?ai
aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy ye aeey e?a?i Noiaeo, oae ? aeey e?a?i Caoiaeo, ia
aiai?y/e aaea i?i naio ssiii?th. Ooo aei?a/ii caaaeaoe ?ic?iaee
I.Ei?i?eiaa [ ssiiiey, Ainoie e Caiaae (I?iaeaia “iauaai” e “iniaaiiiai”
a ca?oaaaeiuo eoeueoo?ieiae/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo).- Eoeueoo?iia
ianeaaeea: i?aainoaaiiinoue e ia?aiaiu.Aui.2.-I.:Iaoea,1991.-N.65-111],
A.Aanna [Iaeiiie/anoai a no?aio Ainoiea.-I.:?aaeoaa,1984]. A/ai?
aeneiaeththoue iae??ciiiai?oi?o? aeoiee ? /anoi iiey?i?, ye? iiaeia
ia’?aeiaoe o aea? a?oie. Ii-ia?oa, ssiii?y – ia No?ae ? ia Cao?ae ?,
ii-ae?oaa, ssiii?y – ? No?ae, ? Cao?ae. I?e oeueiio eiaeia c oi/ie ci?o
i?aee??ieth?oueny iaeia?aeiieea?oeie nioe?ieia?/ieie,
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieie, eoeueoo?ii-ineoieia?/ieie oa ?ioeie i?aenoaaaie.

Oai??? “aeiyoeiaino?”, iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy “ia?oeeoey?ecio” o
eoeueoo??, niaoeeo?/iiai “ineoinioe?aeueiiai aiiainoaco”, aaaa??ainueei?
“i?ioanoaionueei? aoeee” iaiaaathoueny ? ia iiaeooue aeaoe iaeiicia/ii?
a?aeiia?ae? ia ieoaiiy i?i oa?aeoa?enoe/i?noue ?icaeoeo ssiii??. I?ioa
aaea ca?ac ynii, ui noa?a, a ye?e aaaeooueny iiooee a?aeiia?ae?, aea?aia
i?aaeeueii: oea eoeueoo?a – ?? eiinoaioe oa ?? aeeiai?ea, ??
naiioioiaei?noue ? ?? ae?aeiae. ?, cae/aeii ae, aeine?aeaeaiiy
yiiinueei? eoeueoo?e, ye a nai?e ssiii??, oae ? ia Caoiae?, iiaeia
?icaeyaeaoe ye ?aie?ee o ae?aeic? Noiaeo ? Caoiaeo, aei oiai ae ?aie?ee
ia?oia??a ye? oaaaeii neooathoue iaeei iaeiiai, oi/a e?iaa?noe/i?
iiieeee ? a iaio noi??i, ? caiaee aoaea aeinyaiooi ia nei?i.

A no/aniiio Eeoa? ?icoi?thoue, ui iiaea?i?caoe?y ia iiaea oi?eiooeny
eeoa iaoee ? oaoi?ee, ia ?iaey/e aeeaieeo ci?i o eoeueoo??. A oe?ieiio
?icoi?ii? iiiyooy iiaea?i?caoe?th iiaeia oyaeoe ye iiaeaaaeaiee ?
caoe?eaaeaiee ae?aeia eoeueoo?. Aeey c’ynoaaiiy ieoaiiy i?i oa, ye
iieaaoeoe iiae?aiee ae?aeia, eeoaenuee? a/ai? /anoi caa?oathoueny aei
aeine?aeaeaiue ?noi?e/ii? aca?iiae?? ?iae?enueei? ? eeoaenueei?
eoeueoo?, a?aecia/ath/e i?e oeueiio i?ioean “iaeiiaoiaiiy” /oaei??aeieo
aeaiaio?a, cie?aia aoaeaeecio. Oe?iiino? eeoaenueei? eoeueoo?e ia
iiaeii? ? ia iiaeooue aooe i?eaeooai? /e ianeeueii aeo?niai?
iiaea?i?caoe??th, yea c oe??? i?e/eie ia iiaea aooe i?inoith
aanoa?i?caoe??th.

Eoeueoo?ieia?/ia aeoiea Eeoath ia? aeaaith ?noi??th [Aoaenou,
iaoa?eaeenou, aeeaeaeoeee ae?aaiaai Eeoay.-I.:Iaoea,1969; ssi
Oei-ooi.Ae?aaiaeeoaeneay oeeinioey.Nia?aiea oaenoia.A 2-o
o.-I.:Iuneue,1972-1973; Iaoa?eaeenoe/aneay iuneue a ae?aaiai
Eeoaa.-I.:Iaoea,1984] ? no/ani? oao?aoe? iaeiaeiai iaoyaeai? oa iniauai?
iaoeiaith ? oa?i?iieia?/iith o?aaeeoe??th, yea ?iaeoue ioae?ei, aea a
oie aea /an aoiieth? iiaeyae. Aeeneon?y, ia aeoieo naieo ?? o/aniee?a,
iiee ui ia ni?iiiaeia cae?enieoe i?yeiai aieeao i? ia i?ioean i?eeiyooy
iie?oe/ieo ??oaiue, i? ia ia?iaei? iane, ye aaaaeathoue aeine?aeieee [
Aeaenaaa A.I. Iaoea i Ainoiea.-I.:Iaoea,1982; Ae?iaeaeaaa E.I.
O?aaeeoeee a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa: Enneaaeiaaiea yoiieoeueoo?iuo
i?ioeannia.-I.:Iaoea,1990;Ca?oaaaeiue Ainoie e nia?aiaiiinoue: Iniiaiua
i?iaeaiu e oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey no?ai ca?oaaaeiiai Ainoiea. A 3-o o.-
I.:Iaoea,1981;Ceiei N.A. ?aeeaeiciay y?ioeea a eeoaeneie eoeueoo?a.-
Eoeueoo?iia ianeaaeea:i?aainoaaiiinoue e ia?aiaiu. Aui.2. – I.: Iaoea,
1991. – N.112-149; A?aaiiaa A.A . Ineoieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu oai?/aneie
aeoeaiinoe a /aiueneie i?aeoeea.O?eiaaeoeaoay iao/iay eiioa?aioeey
“Iauanoai e ainoaea?noai a Eeoaa”.-I.:Iaoea,1982;Iaeyaei A.A.
Eeoaenoeea.”Ae?oaay eoeueoo?a” e i?iaeaia noeey./Iyoiaaeoeaoay iao/iay
eiioa?aioeey “Iauanoai e ainoaea?noai a Eeoaa”.-I.:Haoea.1984].

O iiiyooy “No?ae” ? “Cao?ae” aeeaaeathoue ??aiicia/iee ci?no. Oae,
aeae?eythoue o oe?e aioeoac? aaia?ao?/iee aniaeo, /e aecia/athoue
?aa?iie, ui i?eaeecii ni?aiaaeathoue c Ac??th ? ?a?iiith /e ia ye?
ae?eeoueny ?a?ac?enueeee eiioeiaio. Aai aeneiaethth/enue i?i No?ae ?
Cao?ae, iathoue ia oaac? ?icaeiai? eai?oae?noe/i? aea?aeaae ?a?iie, a
oaeiae NOA, Eaiaaeo, ssiii?th ? ?i. – c iaeiiai aieo, ? e?a?ie, ui
?icaeaathoueny, – Ac?? ? Ao?eee, – c ae?oaiai. Oaeei /eiii aiie
i?aee?aneththoue aeiiii?/iee aniaeo [Aaa?e E.O. Ae?aeaeoeea ?icaeoeo
?noi?e/ieo oei?a eoeueoo?e : (O?ein.-nioe?ae.i?iae.).-Euea?a,1991;
Aa?eiaa Y.A. I?iaeaia oeaeinoiinoe eoeueoo?u: noaiiaeaiea, ?acaeoea,
oai?aoe/aneia niaea?aeaiea // Aaoi?ao. eaiae. aeen. –
Na?aoia.-1984;Aiai?ac-Oai A.A.?ani?ino?aiaiea eoeueoo?u ia
Caiea.-I.:Ainoae.ecae-ai,1923; Aeei Aeae. Iniiaaiey iiaie iaoee ia iauae
i?e?iaea iaoeee.-E.:Ainiieeoecaeao,1940; Aaiaea A.A. I?e?iaeiay n?aaea
e yaiethoeey /aeiaa/aneie eoeueoo?u.-Eoeueoo?a n?aaeieo aaeia e iiaiai
a?aiaie.-I.:IAO,1987.-N.3-14; Eoeueoo?a e i?e?iaea. – I.: Ciaiea,
1989]. Ian aea oe?eaaeyoue aca?iia?aeiineie oa aca?iiaieeae eoeueoo?ieo
i?ioean?a a noeoiiino? c ooaeiaeiueith eoeueoo?ith, ?o aeeiai?ea ia
i?ioyc? on??? ?noi???, ?, cie?aia, iiaiai /ano. A
anoaoe/ii-ooaeiaeiueiio a?aeiioaii? a aioeoac? “No?ae – Cao?ae”
caeeaaeaia ae?aeaeoeea iniaeeaiai, aea eoeueoo?a aenooia? ye caaaeueia,
caaaeueiiethaenueea, a eoeueoo?a iaoe?iiaeueia – ye iaeeie/ia,
eiie?aoia.

Eoeueoo?a ae Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo iia’yco? caaaeueia c eiie?aoiei ? oiio
aenooia? ye niaoeeo?/ia oi?ia caaaeueiina?oiai? eoeueoo?e, ye
cacia/athoue aeine?aeieee [Enoi?ey ynoaoe/aneie iunee. A 6-e o.-
I.:Eneonnoai,1985-1989, Eyiaaa Naao?i. Enoi?ey yiiineie
eoeueoo?u.-I.:I?ia?ann,1972; Eaaaaaoa ssnoia?e. Eca?aiiua i?iecaaaeaiey.
I.:?aaeoaa,1986; Ieca?iai O.E. Yiie?e/aneia e oai?aoe/aneia: ?acee/ea,
i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue, aaeeinoai //Aii?inu
oeeinioee.-1985.-?12.-N.49-61;1986.-?1.-N.74-86;Oeeinioey e eoeueoo?a:
Oacenu e OOO Anaie?iiio oeein.eiia?./Iii?aaeue,1983/.-I.:A.i.-1983].

A iniia? ??cieoeue eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo eaaeaoue, c iaeiiai
aieo, ??cieoe? i?e?iaeieo oiia, ye? ii?iaeeee ??ci? oi?ie i?aoe? ?
iiaooo ethaeae, ui a ieo i?iaeeaathoue, a c ?ioiai – ia??aiii??i?noue
aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa. C ?icaeoeii eai?oae?noe/ieo
a?aeiinei a e?a?iao Caoiaeo, No?ae ? Cao?ae ?acth/a noaee a?ae??ciyoeny
iaeei a?ae iaeiiai a nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiio ieai?. No?ae ia/aaoi
canoea o nai?io ?icaeoeo, a Cao?ae anoea aeaeaei i?oe aia?aae a
aeiiii?/iiio, iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiio a?aeiioaii?. ??ci? oaiie aeiiii?/iiai
?icaeoeo i?eaaee aei ??cieoe? o ??ai? ? oi?i? nioe?aeueieo i?ioean?a, a
oea ciaeoei a?aeaeoie o na?aeiiino? ia?iae?a, ?o eoeueoo??. Ia aeoieo
A.??aniaa , naia o ??cieoe? ?eoi?a ? aeeiai?ee ?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano ia
Caoiae? ? a no?aeieo oeea?e?caoe?yo aeyaeythoueny iaea?eueo nooo?a?
?ica?aeiino? i?ae ieie, ye? iaaiei /eiii a?aeaeeeny ?
ia aeieyo aeooiaiiai

noaio [A?ania A. N. Nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iua o?aaeeoeee e iauanoaaiiia
niciaiea a ?acaeaathueony no?aiao Acee e Ao?eee.-I.:Iaoea,1982; I
caaea/ao eco/aiey aeooiaiiai ianeaaeey ainoi/iuo oeeaeeecaoeee.
Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu oeeinioneie e iauanoaaiiie iunee ca?oaaaeiiai
Ainoiea.-I.:Iaoea,1983].

Aeiei??ii? ci?ie, ui a?aeaoaathoueny ia caii?e eoe?, ni?eythoue ?
ia?aaeyaeo iiaeyae?a ia aca?iia?aeiineie oa aca?iiaieea eoeueoo? Caoiaeo
? Noiaeo, ui iio?aao? ua naiai iiaeaeueoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy. O
?noi??inionuee?e e?oa?aoo??, yea ioiieth? ia??iae iiaiai /ano, oey
i?iaeaia aena?oethaaeanue, ye i?aaeei, eeoa ii?yae c a?eueo caaaeueieie
– aca?iia?aeiinei ? aca?iiaieea?a Noiaeo ? Caoiaeo, aea aieiaia oaaaa
i?eae?eyeany iieno oeo /e ?ioeo ca’yce?a: oi?aiaaeueieo, aeiiii?/ieo,
a?enueeiaeo, eoeueoo?ieo oa ?i. Aca?iica’ycie ?aa?ii?a ia inienethaaany
iaeaaeiei /eiii, iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui ua o noa?iaeaai? /ane ?nioaaea
oyaa i?i No?ae ? Cao?ae ia o?eueee o aaia?ao?/iiio, aea ? o iie?oe/iiio,
?aeaieia?/iiio ? eoeueoo?iiio a?aeiioaii? [Aiiaa?ae-Eaaei A.I.,Ea?ithe
N.A. Aoaeaeeci a aioe/iie e ?aiiao?enoeaineie eeoa?aoo?a. Ae?aaiyy
Eiaeey: /Enoi?eei-eoeueoo?iua nayce/.-I.:Iaoea,1982; A?aaeineee E.N.
Eco/aiea aeeaaea ia?iaeia Ainoiea a ie?iaoth ynoaoe/aneoth
iuneue.I?iaeaiu oai?ee eeoa?aoo?u e ynoaoeee a no?aiao
Ainoiea.-I.:Iaoea,1964; Acaeiinayce eeoa?aoo? Ainoiea e
Caiaaea.-I.:Ecae-ai ainoi/.eeoa?aoo?u,1961; Oaa/aiei ?. Oe?a?ia i?ae
Noiaeii ? Caoiaeii.-Aeoo ? e?oa?a.-?1-2.-E.:Oaeo,1997.-N.88-99.;Oeo?eiia
I.N. Ie?iaicc?aiea A.N.Neiai?iaeu.-I.:IAO,1962;Eoeueoo?a Ae?aaiaai
?eia: A 2-o.oiiao. – I.: Iaoea, 1985; Iaeaithe ?. Ia?ene c ?noi??? iaoi?
eoeueoo?e.-E.:Iaa?aae,1992 ]. Noa?iaeaai?ie o?einioaie aca?iiae?y
eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo ia ?icaeyaeaeanue. ?o oaeethaaee ieoaiiy, ui
aoee iia’ycai? c i?ciaiiyi na?oo, iniaeeai eia?/i? iiaoaeiae
o?einionueeiai ciaiiy, aoeea, aeooiaiee na?o ethaeeie, noni?euenoai,
aea?aeaaa. Ieoaiiy aca?iia?aeiinei Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo, nei??oa ca ana,
oi?eaeeny o ca’yceo c ?icaeyaeii noaiiaeaiiy aioe/ii? aea?aeaae
[Oeeinioey eoeueoo?u /Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aneee ain.oi-o.-NIa.: Iao?iiieen,
1996]. O o?einionueeeo o?aeoaoao, cie?aia Ieaoiia [Ieaoii. Nia?aiea
ni/eiaiee: A 4-o o.-I.:Iuneue,1990], A??noioaey [A?enoioaeue. Nia?aiea
ni/eiaiee: A 4-o o.-O.4.-I.:Iaoea,1983] i?noeoueny iaa?oiooaaiiy
ciai?oi?o ciinei, ye? aieeaaee ia aioo??oi?e ?icaeoie aea?aeaae.
A??noioaeue, cie?aia, ienaa, ui ne?ae, c iaeiiai aieo, aeei?enoiaoaaoe a
aeinoaoi?e i??? niaaeueio, a c ?ioiai – iaiaaaoeny caiiaieoe oa, ui aoei
iica oaaaith. O?einioe noa?iaeaaiuei? A?aoe?? iino?eii aeoiaee i?i
niaaeeia?noue ye iaeei ?c oeyo?a ?icea?oo nai?? aea?aeaae.

A aiioo A?ae?iaeaeaiiy, aiane?aeie aaia?ao?/ieo a?aee?eoo?a, ?inoo
i?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? ci?i o nioe?aeueiiio aeeoo? aeoea?coaaeeny
aeiiii?/i?, oi?aiaaeuei?, eoeueoo?i? a?aeiineie. O?einioe aeciaaaee
iaiao?aei?noue ca’yce?a, aea ia iaaeaaaee iaeaaeiiai aea/aiith
aca?iia?aeiinei eoeueoo? ??cieo ?aa?ii?a aiane?aeie iaaeinoaoiueiai
oai?aoe/iiai ciaiiy, ui a?aeaeeiny ia iaoiaeao i?ciaiiy.

Ii/eiath/e c OO?? no., o i?aoeyo ieneeoae?a ? o?einio?a noaee
c’yaeyoeny oi/ee ci?o noiniaii aca?iiae?? eoeueoo?, aea ?icaeoie c
oeueiai i?eaiaeo iineee caaaeueiee oa?aeoa?, a ieo aeciaaaeanue
caeiiii??i?noue niaaeeiaino? ye iaeia c aieiaieo oiia aca?iiae?? oa
caiice/aiiy eoeueoo?. ? o?eueee o OO???no. ?icaeoie cania?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?e?iaee, aeanoeaeo ie?aiei aaeocyi ciaiiy, noaaea ia?aae
o?einio??th caaaeaiiy ocaaaeueiaiiy ? ?ic?iaee caaaeueiiai iaoiaeo
i?ciaiiy [ Enoi?ey oeeinioee: A 4-o o.O.1.-I.:Eneonnoai,1957], ui
caeeaei o?einionueeo iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie aca?iiae?? ?
aca?iiaieeao eoeueoo? ?aa?ii?a. A?aeiinii iaoiaeieia?/ieo aaae
oai?aoe/ieo iiaoaeia cao?aeii? ?noi??? ? eoeueoo?ieia?? aoee aena?oeai?
aeoiee i?aaenoaaieeaie ??cieo iaoeiaeo oa/?e – E.Aaoe?iei, I.Aaoo?iei,
A. Aa?iooaeiii, A. A?aea?ii, A.Ao?aae/ai, A.Aeaaeaeiae/ai, I. Eaaaiii ,
E.Ea?oiaiii, ?. Caaaaenueeith, E.Eannaeue, ?.Eiiii, I.Ein?aei, TH.
Eioiaiii, A.Ia?ea?yiii, A.Iaaeo?aei, A. Nieieiaei, ?. *aeeoaaei, I.
*aa/aaaaeca, A.Iaeaoiaei, A.Ai?nueeei oa ?i. A ?o i?aoeyo ?ic?iaeai?
caaaeuei? oai?aoe/i? oa iaoiaeieia?/i? ieoaiiy eoeueoo?ieia?? oa ?noi???
eoeueoo?e ? aea/aiiy ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e ye iniaeeaiai oa?o
eoeueoo?e. ?o aeniiaee aeicaieythoue a?eueo oi/ii noi?ioethaaoe
iaoiaeieia?/i? i?eioeeie aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie aca?iia?aeiinei oa
aca?iiaieea?a eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo.

Ne?ae a?aei?oeoe, ui aeae?eaiiy caieiooeo, eieaeueieo oei?a
eoeueoo? neeaaea? na?oeaaeio cao?aeieo eiioeaioe?e oeeee?/iino?
na?oiaiai eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano. Aeeneon?y c oe??? i?iaeaie
aena?oeth?oueny a i?aoeyo ye a?o/eciyieo, oae ? ca?oa?aeieo
aeine?aeiee?a, oaeeo ye I. Ieeueieeiaa [ I iiiyoee
“eoeueoo?ii-enoi?e/aneee oei”: (Aii?inu ieoieiaee)// Iaoiaeieiaey e
iaoiaeu enneaaeiaaiey eoeueoo?u.-E.:Iaoea,EI,1984.-N.57-84; Ea?oeia
neaayineiai ie?a: acaeyae ec Ainoi/iie Aa?iiu: Yoiiaaiaoe/aneea
eaaaiaeu, aeiaaaeee, i?ioiaeiioacu OO1-ia/aea OOO aaea /?AI,Iocae
aio?iiieiaee e yoiia?aoee ei.Iao?a Aaeeeiai (Eoinoeaia?a).-NIa.:Oeaio?
“Iaoa?ao?aneia Ainoieiaaaeaiea”,1996], E.E?oaeiaa [E aii?ino ia
enoi?eei-eoeueoo?iie oeiieiaee. // Eiiieaeniia eco/aiea /aeiaaea e
oi?ie?iaaiea ananoi?iiia ?acaeoie ee/iinoe /Iaoa?eaeu ananithciie
iao/iie eiioa?aioeee. *.1.- I.:Ecae-ai IAO,1978], O. ?ia?iniia
[Eeoa?aoo?a Ae?aaiae ?one a eeoa?aoo?iii i?ioeanna n?aaeiaaaeiauey O1-OO
a. I/a?ee eeoa?aoo?ii – enoi?e/aneie oeiieiaee. – I.: Iaoea, 1980
], M. Eenaeueiaa [E aii?ino i eoeueoo?ii-enoi?e/aneie oeiieiaee. //
?ieue aeooiaiie eoeueoo?u a ?acaeoee ee/iinoe.-E.:Eaieia?.oi-o,1979],
I.Aea?iainueeiai [Caii? aeaea?aea “Nayoiai ienueia”.-E.:Iieiaeue,1985]
oa ?i. Aieiaia aeoiea aeine?aeiee?a caiaeeoueny aei oiai: yeui
noaae?aeuei? oeie eoeueoo?e noaiaoe/ii oyaeoe ye oeiieia?/io
ai?eciioaeue (naia oeiieia?/io, ine?eueee o?iiieia?/ia ia??aiii??i?noue
?icaeoeo ciaoiaeeea i?iya ? o noa?? eoeueoo?e), oi eieaeuei? i?iyae
aeaeyaeaee a ye oei/aniaa aa?oeeaeue. Ia?aoeiaiiy oeeo aeaio e?i?e
(ai?eciioaeueii? oa aa?oeeaeueii?) – ?ice?eaa? oo niaoeeo?eo, yea
ii?aeio? noaae?aeuei? ? eieaeuei? oaeoi?e, ui iaaeathoue aoi?/ii? oa
?aa?iiaeueii? nai???aeiino? eoeueoo?iiio i?ioeano. A oeueiio ?icoi?ii?
eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iee oei ? ?aaeueiith iiaeaeeth, yea neioaco? aieiai?
iniaeeaino? eoeueoo?e a?aeiia?aeieo aiio ? ia?iae?a. Na?oeaaeiith
?noi?e/iiai oeio eoeueoo?e ? a?aeiia?aeiee ?e oei iniaenoino?, a iaeiei
?c aaaeeeaeo ciai?oi?o i?iya?a nenoaiii? ?aeiino? ie?aieo eiiiiiaio?a
eoeueoo?e – ?? noeeue. Oai?aoe/ia iiaoaeiaa iiaeae? ?noi?e/iiai oeio
eoeueoo?e neeaaea? caaaeaiiy eoeueoo?ii- ?noi?e/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy. Aea,
ye cacia/a? I.Ieeueieeia, oaeee noi?ioeueiaaiee i?aeo?ae iaio ca ana
i?aoaiaeo? ia oa, uia aooe cacaeaeaa?aeue aeaiith, aei?noeith noaiith.
Iaaiaee, oaeee i?aeo?ae ? eeoa aeo?aeiei ?oaaaeai, yeee iieeeeaiee
aeiiiiiaoe aeine?aeieeo o eaae?o?eaoe?? noaae?aeueiiai ? eieaeueiiai
??aiy o??? /e ?ioi? noaie eoeueoo?e, ui iio?aao? o eiaeiiio aeiaaeeo
eiie?aoiiai aea/aiiy.

I?iaeaiai eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/ii? niaaeueie ie?aieo e?a?i Noiaeo
i?enay/ai? i?aoe? I.Aaaaeaeaiyia, N.C?i?ia [ Nia?aiaiiua caiaaeiua
enneaaeiaaiey ?aeeaeiciie eoeueoo?u Eeoay.-Eoeueoo?iua o?aaeeoeee e
nia?aiaiiinoue.-EIEII.-I.,1989.-N.88-124] oa ?i., a ?iaioao yeeo
aiae?cothoueny i?iaeaie “caaaeueiiai”, “ni?eueiiai” oa “iniaeeaiai” o
caei?aeiiieo eoeueoo?ieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo.

Aeeneon?eiei noi?iiai i?iaeai A?ae?iaeaeaiiy oa ?noi??? eoeueoo?e
i?enay/ai? i?aoe? I.Eii?aaea [Eca?aiiua o?oaeu:Enoi?ey.-I.:Iaoea,1974;
Iaiioaeeeiaaiiua ?aaiou. Ienueia.I.:?inneeneay iieeoe/aneay
yioeeeeiiaaeey,1996], M. Iao?iaa [I?iaeaia Aic?iaeaeaiey a niaaoneie
iaoea.Nii?iua aii?inu ?aaeiiaeueiuo ?aiannainia.-E.:Iaoea,EI,1989],
I.A?aa?inueeiai [Eco/aiea aeeaaea ia?iaeia Ainoiea a ie?iaoth
ynoaoe/aneoth iuneue.I?iaeaiu oai?ee eeoa?aoo?u e ynoaoeee a no?aiao
Ainoiea.-I.:Iaoea.1964], O.Aoeeae [I.E.Eii?aae eae oeeinio.I?iaeaiu
enoi?ee e oai?ee ie?iaie eoeueoo?u.-I.:Iaoea.1974], B. AEe?ioinueeiai
[Eca?aiiua o?oaeu: N?aaieoaeueiia eeoa?aoo?iaaaeaiea:Ainoie –
Caiaae.-E.:Iaoea,EI,1979], Ae. Eeoa/iaa [Iiycey naaeia.E neiaieeea
naaeiai-ia?eiauo noeeae.-E.:Iaoea,EI,1982; Eca?aiiua ?aaiou: A
3-o.O.1.-E.:Ooaeiae.eeoa?aoo?a,EI,1987 ] oa ?i.

?noi??y eoeueoo?e ia aeoieo oao?aoe?a – ?noi?ee?a ye ie?aia
aoc?anueea aeenoeeie?ia a nenoai? niaoe?aeueii? ina?oe neeaeanue ?
/eoa?oueny, ? ui iiaa iiaea eoe o?eueee i?i noaiiaeaiiy iaoeiai?
aeenoeeie?ie. Iani?aaae? ae oe? aeaa aniaeoe i?iaeaie o?nii
aca?iiiia’ycai?. Iaaiai?aiiy iaoiaeieia?/ieo iniia ?noi??? eoeueoo?e ye
iaei??? c aaeocae ?noi?e/iiai ciaiiy aeicaiey? iai aecia/eoe i?aaeiao
?noi??? eoeueoo?e – aea/ath/e ae?yeuei?noue ethaeae a ?? oe?e?niino? ?
nenoai?, ?noi??y eoeueoo?e noaaeoue ca iaoo anoaiiaeaiiy ca’yce?a i?ae
on?ia aaeocyie eoeueoo?e ? c’ynoaaiiy caeiiii??iinoae ?icaeoeo ?o
noeoiiino?. Neeaaei?noue /eoaiiy oaeiai eo?no iiynith?oueny
iaaeinoaoiueith ?ic?iaeith oe?ei? iecee i?iaeai, a?aenooi?noth oi/iiai
aecia/aiiy i?aaeiaoo ? iaoiaeo ?noi??? eoeueoo?e, ui i?aee?aneth?oueny
on?ia, ooi aa?a o/anoue o aeeneon?? c aeaii? i?iaeaie. A?eueo?noue ??
o/aniee?a – ?noi?eee, o?einioe, aoiia?aoe, aaia?aoe, ienoaoeoaiciaaoe?,
?noi?eee e?oa?aoo?e, i?iiiiothoue i?iaanoe caaaeueio aeeneon?th aeey
c’ynoaaiiy iecee ni??ieo iieiaeaiue, iia’ycaieo c aecia/aiiyi i?aaeiaoa
? i?eioeei?a ia??iaeecaoe?? ?noi??? eoeueoo?e.

I?ney i?iaieioaiiy iacaeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie, oe?a?inuee? a/ai? c?iaeee
cia/iee aianie o ?ic?iaeo ?noi??? eoeueoo?e. I?aeaioiaeaii ? aeaeaii
?yae i?aoeue c ?noi??? na?oiai? ? a?o/eciyii? eoeueoo?e [Oai??y oa
?noi??y na?oiai? ? a?o/eciyii? eoeueoo?e.-Euea?a:Eaiaiy?,1992; Eaeoe?? c
?noi??? na?oiai? oa a?o/eciyii? eoeueoo?e:Iaa/.aeae.-Euea?a:Na?o,1994] ,
a yeeo aena?oeth?oueny ?noi??y eoeueoo?e a?o/eciyia oa ca?oa?aeia,
c’yniaothoueny caeiiii??iino? ? iniiai? aoaie ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei?
eoeueoo?e, ?icaeyaea?oueny aaiacen oa ?icaeoie caaaeueiiethaenueeeo
aoiai?noe/ieo oe?iiinoae. ?noi??y oe?a?inueei? eoeueoo?e aena?oeth?oueny
ye neeaaeiaa na?oiaiai eoeueoo?iiai i?ioeano. Iiaea?oueny ??ciiiai?oia
?ioi?iaoe?y c ?noi??? ?a?iiaenueei? oa a?o/eciyii? iaoee, ienaiiino?,
e?oa?aoo?e, ia?acioai?/iai ienoaoeoaa, ioceee, oaao?o, ia?iaeieo
o?aaeeoe?e, cae/a?a oa ?i. ?iaeoueny neioac i?ia?aeieo iai?yie?a
aeooiaii? oai?/ino? c iaoith aiae?co eoeueoo?e ye oe?e?niiai oaiiiaia.
I?ioa, a oe?eiio, o aea/aii? ?noi??? eoeueoo?e ia?aaaaea?
aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiee aaeocaaee i?aeo?ae.

O?einioe, ?noi?eee, e?oa?aoo?iciaaoe? ? ienoaoeoaiciaaoe? aaaaoi
c?iaeee aeey oi?ioaaiiy ?noi??? eoeueoo?e ye iniaeeai? aaeoc? ?noi?e/ii?
iaoee [Aeieo?eaaa N.N. E?aoeay enoi?ey
eneonnoa.Aui.1.-I.:Eneonnoai,1988; Aui.2.-1989; Aui.C., 1993 ].
Eoeueoo?a oa ?? ?noi??y ? ia’?eoii aaaaoueio iaoeiaeo aeenoeeie?i:
aea/athoueny ie?ai? eiiiiiaioe ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai i?ioeano,
aeine?aeaeothoueny noa’?eoe eoeueoo?e – noni?euenoai, ethaeeia,
?iaeyoueny o?einionuee? oai?aoe/i? ocaaaeueiaiiy.

I?ioa iiee ui a?aenooi? i?aoe?, ye? a aecia/aee caeiiii??iino?
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai ?icaeoeo, ?o iniaeeaino? oa i?iya a caaaeueiiio
oeea?e?caoe?eiiio i?ioean? ia ??cieo aoaiao ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo
ethaenoaa.

Ia iaoo aeoieo, aeine?aeaeaiiy iaei??? ?c aaeocae eoeueoo?e iiaeiii
noi?iaiaeaeoaaoeny c’ynoaaiiyi aca?iica’yceo oa aca?iiaieeao ??cieo ??
aaeocae, i?noey ? cia/aiiy ?o o caaaeueiiio eoeueoo?ioai?/iio i?ioean?.
Iniaeeai nueiaiaei? aaaeeeai aeine?aeaeoaaoe i?iaeaie ?noi?eei-
eoeueoo?iiai ni?yioaaiiy a?aeiia?aeii c oacith “Cao?ae-No?ae”, ui
a?aeiia?aea? ?ioaa?aoe?eiei aeiiaai. Ae?aeia eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo
aea/a?oueny ye a no/ani?e ca?oa?aei?e iaooe?, oae ? o a?o/eciyi?e
– A.Oaa/oe, ss.?na?ae/,

ss. Aeaoeaae/, I.Iiiiae/, A.Ai?nueeee, A.Ia?aoiinueeee, A.Aeai?eaiei,
A.Ean’yiia, ?. Iaeaithe, I. Nai/eoei, A. Neiyanueeee oa ?i., aea oey
i?iaeaia ua iio?aao? naiai iiaeaeueoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Iaeia ?c neeaaeieo i?iaeai ?noi??? eoeueoo?e – ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
iiiyoue “eoeueoo?a” ? “?aeaieia?y”. Oe? iiiyooy ia ni?aiaaeathoue, oi/a
iaeo?ni?oei /eiii iia’ycai? iaeia c iaeiei, ai eoeueoo?a neeaaea?, yeui
oae iiaeia aeneiaeoeny, oai?/i-?aoe?iiaeueiee, oiaoi aeooiaiee
eiiiiiaio.

A eiie?aoieo eieaeueieo /e oaiaoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo e?eoa???i aeey
a?aeai?o ia’?eo?a aea/aiiy iiaeiia aooe i?ia?aneai?noue oaoi?/iiai,
e?oa?aoo?iiai /e ooaeiaeiueiai iai?yieo (?c a?aooaaiiyi iiaeeeaiai ?
iaieio/iai ae?aeaeoe/iiai ia?aoiaeo aei canoith ? ia?a?iaeaeaiiy).

Ia?oi?yaeieie i?iaeaiaie ?noi??? eoeueoo?e aeey an?o oao?aoe?a, ui
caeiathoueny ?? ??cieie aniaeoaie, iiaeooue aooe aeina?ae oe?e?niiai,
nenoaiiiai aea/aiiy ?noi??? eoeueoo?e ii ia??iaeao.

Ie ia noaaeee ia?aae niaith caaaeaiiy aeine?aeeoe i?iaeaio anaa?/ii,
ai a iaaeao iaei??? aeena?oaoe?? c?iaeoe oea iaiiaeeeai. Ie, cie?aia,
a?aeiiaeeenue a?ae aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeyae?a no?aeieo ieneeoae?a ?
ae??oeee eoe ii oeyoo iinooiiaiai ?ice?eooy o?eueee /anoeie i?iaeaie,
aiae?coth/e, ia iao iiaeyae, iaea?eueo aaaeeea? eiioeaiooaeuei?
iieiaeaiiy, aeoiee a?o/eciyieo oa ca?oa?aeieo aeine?aeiee?a.

O?iiieia?/i? ?aiee aeine?aeaeaiiy ioiieththoue iiaee /an – OOO-OO
no. Oeae ia??iae aoa i?aeaioiaeaiee ?aianainii ? ?aoi?iaoe??th,
nai???aeiei aeooiaii-eoeueoo?iei ina?aaeeii ?icaeoeo eai?oae?cio.
Niaoeeo?ea eoeueoo?e aeiae ?aoi?iaoe?? iieyaa? a oiio, ui aiia ii?aeio?
a nia? ?ene Na?aaeiueia?//y ? Iiaiai /ano, a?aeoai?th? neeaaeiee neioac
iie?oe/ieo, ?ae?a?eieo oa ?ioaeaeooaeueieo eie?c?e. I?ae aieeaii
ciai?oiueiai /eiieea ia Noiae? noai?th?oueny oae caaia “o?aoeiia
iiaeaeue” – aaaaoioeeaaeia noni?euenoai, yea ii?aeio? o?aaeeoe?ei?
aa?a?i? no?oeoo?e ? eai?oae?noe/i? oi?ie a ?io?ano?oeoo?? oiui.
O?aaeeoe?eiee iaioae?oao ethaeeie ia Noiae? ci?ith?oueny aiane?aeie
ni?iae i?enoinoaaoeny aei iiaeo oiia aeeooy, yaeu, ui ia iiaei ia
a?aeaeoeny ia eoeueoo??.

Oaeei /eiii, aiioo iiaiai /ano ia iiaeia a?aeiineoe o?eueee aei
?noi??? e?a?i Caoiaeo, ye ? ?icaeyaeaoe no?aeiee na?o ie?aii a?ae
aeeiai?/iiai ?icaeoeo eai?oae?noe/iiai Caoiaeo. Iiao ?noi??th Noiaeo
ne?ae ni?eeiaoe ye aiioo iiaeeaeaiiy aca?iiae?? cao?aeiiai oa
ao?i-ac?aonueeiai na?o?a aiane?aeie eieii?aeueiiai neioaco, ia?aoai?aiiy
Noiaeo ia neeaaeiao na?oiaiai eai?oae?noe/iiai ainiiaea?noaa, oi?ioaaiiy
aaaaoioeeaaeiiai noni?euenoaa oa eiai iiaea?i?caoe??, ci?oeiaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?ooo oa caaino?aiiy ai?ioueae ca noai?aiiy iaeaaeieo
oiia aeey iaoe?iiaeueii-noaa?aiiiai ?icaeoeo. C?icoi?ei, ui cacia/ai?
ci?ie a?aeaoaaeeny ia??aiii??ii ? a?aeaeeeny ia oi?ioaaii? eoeueoo?ieo
i?ioean?a oa na?oiaeyaeo ia?iae?a Noiaeo. Inoaoi/ii a?eueo?noue e?a?i
Noiaeo ciiaee ?aae?coaaoe oeae aa??aio i?ney Ae?oai? na?oiai? a?eie.

Ioaea, iaaea i?ae iiaei ? iia?oi?i /anii aeey Noiaeo, ia a?aei?io
a?ae Caoiaeo, ca?aeii no/anii? ?noi??ia?ao?? [Na?aaaa A. A., *oiaeia
I.Ae. Aua iaeei acaeyae ia i?iaeaio ia?eiaeecaoeee iiaie e iiaaeoae
enoi?ee //Iiaay e iiaaeoay enoi?ey.-1997.-?2.-N.173-175], nyaa?
na?aaeeie OO no. Naia oaei? o?iiieia?? aeio?eio?oueny aaoi? aeaii?
?iaioe.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Iai?yiie
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? neeaaeiaith /anoeiith aea?aeaaieo ?
i?aeaoc?anueeeo iaoeiaeo i?ia?ai. Aea/aiiy oe??? oaie ia?aaeaa/aii
i?ia?aiith oa ieaiaie eaoaae?e anana?oiuei? ?noi??? ia oaeoeueoaoao
aoiai?oa?ieo ? noni?eueieo iaoe o Iaoe?iiaeueiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio
oi?aa?neoao? ?i. I. I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, Iaoe?iiaeueiiio oi?aa?neoao?
“Ee?ai-Iiaeeyinueea Aeaaeai?y”, Ee?anueeiio iaoe?iiaeueiiio oi?aa?neoao?
eoeueoo?e ? ienoaoeoa, I?aeia?iaeiiio ?inoeooo? e?iaa?noeee ? i?aaa.

Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy ?noi??y ?icaeoeo ae?aeiao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ?
Noiaeo a iiaee /an.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – aca?iiaieeae ?noi?e/ieo eoeueoo?ieo
i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo a OOO-OO no. (ia i?eeeaaeao ooaeiaeiuei?
eoeueoo?e).

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a oiio, uia:

– aeine?aeeoe ia?aa?a oi?ioaaiiy iaoeiai? aeoiee oa ??
?noi??ia?ao?? noiniaii aca?iiaieeao oa eoeueoo?iiai ae?aeiao (?c
a?aooaaiiyi ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e) i?ae Caoiaeii ? Noiaeii a iiaee /an
(OOO – OO no.);

– aea/eoe, ye noaaeeanue ? ?icaeyaeaeanue cacia/aia i?iaeaia
iaoeiaith aeoieith OO???-OO no.;

– aeae?eeaoe iaoiaeieia?/i? iniaeeaino? oa iaoiaee/i? i?aeoiaee aei
aea/aiiy ooaeiaei?o eoeueoo? aeaio ?aa?ii?a ye neeaaeiaeo caaaeueiiai
eoeueoo?iiai i?ioeano ?c caeo/aiiyi ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aiae?co,
iaa?oiooaaoe iia? i?aeoiaee no/anii? iaoeiai? aeoiee o aecia/aii?
iiaeeeainoae iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo aca?iieoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ?
Noiaeo oa ?o ae?aeiao.

Eiioeaioe?y aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeth/a? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo no/anii?
?noi??inionueei? iaoee a?aeiinii aea/aiiy ? aeine?aeaeaiiy
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo ? ?o ?ie? a caaaeueii –
?noi?e/iiio i?ioean?. Aoaeoeai?noue ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai iaoiaeo aea/aiiy
oeeo i?ioean?a aaciina?aaeiuei caeaaeeoue a?ae eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo ?
ae??oaiiy aaaaoueio i?iaeai ye o?aaeeoe?eii aeeaeaeoe/ieo, oae ? oeo,
eio?? iaeaaeaoue aei ?noi??inionueei? aaeoc? /a?ac i?ecio ?noi?ecio.
Nie?ath/enue ia oea, ie ?icaeyaea?ii ?noi?eci, eiiia?aoeai?noue,
?noi??ia?ao?th eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a, oa ?o ae?aeiao ye iiaee iai?yi
no/anii? eoeueoo?ieia?? oa ?noi??? eoeueoo?e.

A iniiao i?aai?caoe?? aeine?aeaeaiiy aca?iiaieeao
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo oaeoi??a ia eoeueoo?iee i?ioean Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo
caeeaaeaii iiaeaeue ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ye iniiaiiai
e?eoa??th aecia/aiiy cia/ouino? ae?aeiao eoeueoo?, cie?aia ?
ooaeiaeiuei?, e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo. Aeine?aeaeo?oueny i?e aeiiiiic?
?noi??ia?ao?? aaiethoe?eiee oa ?noi?e/ii – noaae?aeueiee oeyo ?icaeoeo
oeueiai i?ioeano.

Iiaeaeue yaey? niaith i?iaeooaaiiy iaoeiaiai aeine?aeaeaiiy c
o?aooaaiiyi ?noi??ia?ao?/ieo aeiia oa e?eoa???a; i?aai?caoe?th
iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe ia iniia? ?noi??ia?ao?/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e.
Iiaeaeue aecia/a? iaoo ? ci?no ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?e
aea/aii? aca?iiaieea?a ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo a
iiaee /an ia iniia? ia’?eoeaieo iio?aa iie?auaiiy eiai aoaeoeaiino?.
Nenoaiiooai?thth/ei oaeoi?ii ? aeinoaoiy nooi?iue ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy, a oaeiae a?aeiia?aei?noue noaio aea/aiiy ?noi?e/iiai oa
eoeueoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua iaoeiaith aeoieith.

I?ia?aeia ?aeay aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a oiio, ui ?noi??ia?ao?y o
aea/aii? aca?iiaieeao oa ae?aeiao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo ia? aooe
ni?yiiaaia ia ooaa?aeaeaiiy i?eioeeio ?noi?ecio c iiaoaiiei
aeine?aeaeaiiyi eiaeiiai ia??iaeo ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo ethaenoaa.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy eiioeaioe?? ciaoiaeyoue nai? a?aeia?aaeaiiy a
caaaeuei?e a?iioac? aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Caaaeueia a?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy. ?aae?caoe?y ia i?aeoeoe?
?noi??ia?ao?/ieo iniia oa iaoiae?a iiaea i?aeaeueoe aoaeoeai?noue ?
ye?noue iaoeiai – aeine?aeieoeueei? oa iaa/aeueii? ?iaioe o aea/aii?
aca?iiaieeao ? ae?aeiao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo.

Caaaeueio a?iioaco eiie?aoeciaaii /anoeiaeie:

1.Aea/aiiy aca?iiaieea?a oa ae?aeiao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo
aoaea aoaeoeai?oei ca oiiae ?ic?iaee oai?aoeei – iaoiaee/ieo iniia
?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aiae?co ye naiino?eii? ? i?aai?/ii? nenoaie
eiiieaeniiai ?noi??inionueeiai aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?e oeueiio iniiaiei ?
i?eioeei ?noi?ecio oa eiiia?aoeai?noue.

2.?noi??ia?ao?y aeine?aeaeaiiy ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai i?ioeano
e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo a iiaee /an caaacia/o? aeaoaeueia, a?oioiaia
aea/aiiy, iaaea? iiaeeeaino? onaa?/ii aeine?aeeoe ?noi?eei – eoeueoo?iee
?icaeoie Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo a iiaee /an, ?icoe?th? na?oiaeyae
aeine?aeieea, aaco aeine?aeaeaiiy.

A?aeiia?aeii aei i?aaeiaoa, iaoe e a?iioace aecia/aii iniiai?
caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy:

– aeine?aeeoe aoaie aea/aiiy, ?o aecia/aiiy ? i?aeoe/ia ao?eaiiy a
aeeooy ia i?eeeaae? ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aiae?co iaoeiai? aeoiee cao?aeieo
oa no?aeii?a?iiaenueeeo aeine?aeiee?a noiniaii ?noi??? aca?iiaieeao
eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo o iiaee /an ?c o?aooaaiiyi ooaeiaeiuei?
eoeueoo?e;

– aea/eoe ?noi?e/i? ei?ai? eoeueoo?ieo (ooaeiaei?o) i?ioean?a
e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo oa ?o ni?eyiiy caaaeueiioeea?e?caoe?eiiio
?icaeoeo;

– c’ynoaaoe cia/aiiy aaia?ao?/iiai, aoiia?ao?/iiai,
ineoieia?/iiai ? ?ioeo aieea?a ia ?icaeoie eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a ia
Caoiae? ? ia Noiae?;

– aecia/eoe ? i?iaiae?coaaoe iiaeaeue “eoeueoo?ii – ?noi?e/iee
oei”;

– aeine?aeeoe ?eoi ? aeeiai?eo eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano
Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo a iiaee /an ?c caeo/aiiyi ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aiae?co;

– ?icaeyiooe iniaeeaino? noaiiaeaiiy aeaia?/ieo noinoie?a Caoiaeo
? Noiaeo o iiaee /an (OOO – OO no.) oa ?o ni?eyiiy ?icaeoeo eoeueoo?ieo
i?ioean?a;

– ioe?ieoe c oi/ee ci?o ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo oa eiai aieeao ia
aeooiai?, na?oiaeyaei? canaaee ia?iae?a Caoiaeo oa Noiaeo i?iaeaie
aca?iiaieeao eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a a iiaee /an;

– ocaaaeueieoe oi/ee ci?o ia i?iaeaio eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a

Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo oa ?o aca?iiaieeao;

– c’ynoaaoe ia?niaeoeae iiaeaeueoiai ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai
?icaeoeo e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo;

– aecia/eoe i?aaeiao ?noi??? eoeueoo?e aeoiaey/e c i?eioeeio
?noi?ecio.

Iaoiaeieia?/io oa oai?aoe/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/a?
i?eioeei ?noi?ecio oa canoinoaaiiy caaaeueiiiaoeiaeo,
?ioa?aeenoeeie?ia?ieo (no?oeoo?ii-nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae, eiiieaeni?noue,
eiiia?aoeai?noue) ? aeania ?noi?e/ieo (o?iiieia?caoe?y, ia??iaeecaoe?y,
?ao?iniaeoeai?noue), o?einionueeeo, eoeueoo?ieia?/ieo canaae
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aaaeeeaei ? iinooeao i?i ae?aeaeoe/io ?aei?noue
iaoe?iiaeueieo oa ?ioa?iaoe?iiaeueieo aca?iica’yce?a eoeueoo?ioai?/eo
i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo ?c a?aooaaiiyi ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e;
?noi??inionuee? i?aoe?, nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/i? iieiaeaiiy, ye?
?ice?eaathoue aaaaoianiaeoio i?e?iaeo ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie a
eoeueoo?iiio i?ioean?, a eiai ae?aeiao.

Aeaia ?iaioa ? eiie?aoii-?noi?e/iei oa ?noi??inionueeei
aeine?aeaeaiiyi ?c caeo/aiiyi ii??aiyeueiiai iaoiaeo ia a?oio?
?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aiae?co, ui aea? ciiao ocaaaeueieoe caeiiii??iino?
eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a ?c o?aooaaiiyi ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e Caoiaeo ?
Noiaeo ia oe? caaaeueii – ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo ethaenoaa oa na?oiaeo
eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a.

Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. A?aeiia?aeii aei iinoaiiae caaaeaiue, c
iaoith ia?aa??ee a?iioac, o aeena?oaoe?eiiio aeine?aeaeaii?
aeei?enoiaoaaeeny caaaeueiiiaoeia? iaoiaee oai?aoe/iiai ? i?aeoe/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy:

– aiae?c ? neioac, c?noaaeaiiy e ocaaaeueiaiiy aeaieo c i?iaeai
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? aoee io?eiaii? a i?ioean? aea/aiiy o?einionueei?,
eoeueoo?ieia?/ii?, ?noi?e/ii?, ineoieia?/ii?, aaia?ao?/ii?,
ienoaoeoaiciaa/i? oa ?ioi? e?oa?aoo?e;

– oi?ioaaiiy iiaeae? ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo aca?iiaieea?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo;

– ?ic?iaea eiioeaioe?? aeine?aeaeaiiy ?noi?eei – eoeueoo?ieo
i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo a iiaee /an;

– ?noi?e/ia ni?anoaaeaiiy o?iiieia?? ?noi?e/ii-noaae?aeueiiai
?icaeoeo ethaenoaa oa ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a ia Caoiae? ?
Noiae?;

– aecia/aiiy noaie iniaeeainoae ?icaeoeo eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a
Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo o iiaee /an;

– iiaeaethaaiiy ?noi?eei- eoeueoo?ii?, cie?aia ? ooaeiaeiuei?
ea?oeie na?oo;

– iaoiaee ae?aeiao ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai ?icaeoeo Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo
iiaiai /ano, ye ia’?eoeaiee ? aeooaeueiee i?ioean.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui,

– i?iaiae?ciaaia ?noi??ia?ao?y ia??iaeecaoe?? ?noi?e/iiai
?icaeoeo, aecia/aii noaaeaiiy aaoi?a aei ?noi??ia?ao?? o?iiieia?/ieo
iaae ye a ?noi?e/iiio oae ? a eoeueoo?iiio i?ioeanao; iaa?oioiaaii
o?iiieia?/i? ?aiee aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ?c o?aooaaiiyi i?eioeeio
?noi?ecio – OOO – OO no. ? ii?aeioth/e ?o eiiieaenii, /a?ac aca?iiaieea
oa ae?aeia, ?noi?eei – eoeueoo?iee ?icaeoie e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo;

– aeena?oaoe?y ? ia?oith niaoe?aeueiith ni?iaith oai?aoe/ii
iaa?oiooaaoe aoaie oi?ioaaiiy ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ii? ea?oeie na?oo ia
iniia? ooiaeaiaioaeueieo caeiiii??iinoae ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a
a?aoiaoth/e ? ooaeiaeith eoeueoo?o, ye ?o neeaaeiao, ia
i?eeeaae? ?o

aca?iiaieeao ? aca?iica’yceo, /a?ac ae?aeia i?ae Caoiaeii ? Noiaeii,
canoiniaoth/e ?ioa?aeenoeeie?ia?io iaoiaeieia?th;

– aia?oa cae?eniaii aea/aiiy ae?aeiao eoeueoo?, a?aoiaoth/e ?
ooaeiaeith eoeueoo?o, e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo iaoiaeii ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai
aiae?co oeyoii canoinoaaiiy iiaeo iaoiaeieia?/ieo canaae, a naia /a?ac
i?eioeei ?noi?ecio oa eiiia?aoeai?noue, ui ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith no/aniiai
oyaeaiiy;

– aecia/aii eiiieaen ia’?eoeaieo ? noa’?eoeaieo /eiiee?a oaeeo, ye:
aaia?ao?/ia noaiiaeua, i?e?iaeia na?aaeiaeua oa ?o aieea ia aaiethoe?th
ethaenueei? eoeueoo?e; nioe?aeueia ineoieia?y ? oi?ioaaiiy
iaioaeueiino?, aieea aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo ia eoeueoo?ii-ina?oi?e
??aaiue; ?icaeoie iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeii?no? ? aieea ia oeae i?ioean ye
aioo??oi?o, oae ? ciai?oi?o oaeoi??a, cie?aia, i?ioeane eieii?aeueii?
aeniain?? Caoiaeo ? eieii?aeueii? caeaaeiino? Noiaeo ? ye oea a?aeaeeiny
ia aca?iieoeueoo?ieo i?ioeanao e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo;

– aeine?aeaeaii aieea ?noi?e/ieo i?ioean?a ia ca?iaeaeaiiy ?
oi?ioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaieia?? ? ?? aieea ia iie?oe/iee aeina?ae
?c caiice/aiiyi eoeueoo?ieo o?aaeeoe?e oa ?c o?aooaaiiyi
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai ae?aeiao i?ae Caoiaeii ? Noiaeii;

– ?ic?iaeaia oe?e?nia eiioeaioe?y aca?iiae?? ?noi?e/ieo aioo??oi?o
? ciai?oi?o oaeoi??a ? ?o a?aeaeooy ia aca?iiaieeao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ?
Noiaeo o iiaee /an – /an oi?ioaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo eieii?ae?cio;

– i?iaiae?ciaaii oeyoii ii??aiyeueiiai ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aiae?co
iaoeia? eiioeaioe?? aca?iiaieeao oa ae?aeiao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo a
iiaee /an;

– iieacaii cia/aiiy ii??aiyiue iaoeiai? aeoiee noiniaii
aca?iiaieeao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo o ae?iaeai? caaaeueii?noi?e/ii?
eiioeaioe?? eoeueoo?iiai ?icaeoeo ia?iae?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo ? ?o aianie
o caaaeueiee ?noi?e/iee i?ioean ethaenoaa;

– aecia/ai? ? aeiaaaeai? aca?ii? cai?ioi? iniaeeaino? eiiieaeniiai
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai ?icaeoeo (iath/e ia oaac? ? ooaeiaeith
eoeueoo?o), ia??iaeo iiaiai /ano ? ?o aieea ia ae?aeia eoeueoo?, ?c
o?aooaaiiyi eieii?aeueii? aeniain?? ?iaeono??aeueiiai Caoiaeo ia No?ae;

– eiiieaenii c’yniaaii ?ieue ??cieo /eiiee?a o aca?iiae?? oa
aca?iiaieeao eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a o iiaee /an e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo,
?o oa?aeoa?, aeoiee oa iane?aeee;

– i?iaiae?ciaaii cia/aiiy ?ioaa?aoe?? noni?eueii – aeiiii?/iiai
aeeooy /a?ac iniaeeaino? iaoiaeo oeueiai i?ioeano – eieii?caoe?th – ?
aeiaaaeaii, ui i?ae aieeaii iaa’ycoaaiiy cao?aeii? iiaeae?
noni?eueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo Noiaeo aac o?aooaaiiy ?noi?e/ieo oa
iaoe?iiaeueieo iniaeeainoae e?a?i Noiaeo, a?aeaoaa?oueny ?icaeoie
aeoaeueiino? na?oiaeyaeo oa eoeueoo?e ethaeae oeueiai ?aa?iio caiii?
eoe?, c? an?ia iane?aeeaie oaeiai i?ioeano;

– aeiaaaeaii ?ieue ? cia/aiiy ?noi?e/ieo, eoeueoo?ieo o?aaeeoe?e o
oi?ioaaii? aeoaeueii? na?aeiiino? ? ?? aieeao ia oi?ioaaiiy iniaeeainoae
?icaeoeo eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a, aeeth/ath/e ? ooaeiaeith eoeueoo?o;

– i?iaiae?ciaaii ?ieue eoeueoo?ii? ae?oe o oi?ioaaii?
nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/iiai, eoeueoo?iiai aeeooy e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo
iiaiai /ano ?c o?aooaaiiyi eoeueoo?iiai ae?aeiao i?ae ieie;

– aecia/aii /a?ac ?noi??ia?ao?/iee aiae?c ?noi??th aeieeiaiiy,
noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo i?iaeaie ae?oa?ii? eoeueoo?e ?c o?aooaaiiyi
i?eioeeio ?noi?ecio;

– i?iaiae?ciaaia ? aecia/aia eiioeaioe?y iiaeae?
“eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai oeio”;

– aeine?aeaeaii ?eoi ? aeeiai?eo eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano
e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo, ?ieue a ieo ae?aeiao.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o oai?aoe/iiio ?
iaoiaeieia?/iiio iaa?oiooaaii? aeioe?eueiino? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
?noi??ia?ao?/iiai, eiiia?aoeaiiai, i?aeaaeocaaiai aea/aiiy ae?aeiao
eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo ia a?oio? ?noi?ecio; caeo/aiiy
?noi?e/ii-noaae?aeueieo o?iiieia?/ieo iaae aecia/aiiy aoai?a ?
iniaeeainoae ?o ?icaeoeo ?c ia?aianaiiyi oe??? iaoiaeeee ? noaie ia
?noi?eei – eoeueoo?i? aeine?aeaeaiiy; aeyaeaii? iniiai? oaiaeaioe??
?icaeoeo iniaeeainoae ?ioaa?aoe?eieo i?ioean?a, ?o aieea ia oi?ioaaiiy
naiina?aeiiino? ia?iae?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo /a?ac eoeueoo?o; noai?aii?
eiioeaiooaeuei? iiaeae? ?icaeoeo ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a Caoiaeo
? Noiaeo; iaoeiaiio iaa?oiooaaii? noaoono ?noi??ia?ao?? a iaoeiaiio ?
iaa/aeueiiio i?ioeanao.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy aeena?oaoe?? iieyaa? a oiio, ui ?ic?iaeaii
eiie?aoi? i?eeiie: oe?e?niiai aiae?co oai?aoe/iiai oa i?aeoe/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy aca?iiaieea?a eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo, cie?aia ?
ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e ye aaciina?aaeiueiai i?eeeaaeo, aeyaeaii ?o
nenoaiii-oe?e?nia oa?aeoa?enoeea iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e, ia?aaeaa/aiue oa
ia?niaeoea aeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo ae?aeiao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo;
noai?aii iiaee i?aeo?ae aei o?iiieia?caoe?? ?noi??? eoeueoo?e /a?ac
noaae?aeueiee ?noi?e/iee ?icaeoie; aecia/aii iciaee
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo a iiaee /an, aieea ?o
ia oi?ioaaiiy iaioaeueiino? ethaeae oeeo ?aa?ii?a ? aeyaeaiiy oeueiai
yaeua /a?ac eoeueoo?i? i?ioeane, cie?aia ooaeiaei?; ?ic?iaeaii iniiai?
aniaeoe ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a Noiaeo a oiiaao
ia aaeaeaaoieo aaiethoe?eiiio ?icaeoeo ia i?eeeaae? iiaiai /ano;
noi?ioeueiaaii nooi?noue, aeiiae, oiiae oa oeyoe oaeineiiaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aea/aiiy ae?aeiao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo ye a
iaoeiai-aeine?aei?e oae ? a iaaeaaia?/i?e ae?yeueiino?.

Iniiai? eiioeaiooaeuei? iieiaeaiiy ? i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
oaeineiiaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aea/aiiy ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo
aca?iiaieea?a oa ae?aeiao e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo ?c caeo/aiiyi
?noi?e/iiai, ooaeiaeiueiai iaoa??aeo, iaoiaeieia?? ? iaoiaeeee
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?c a?aooaaiiyi iiaeaeueoiai eiiia?aoeaiiai aea/aiiy
?noi??? oeeo i?ioean?a ?icii/aoi ia eaoaae?? caaaeueii? ?noi???
Iaoe?iiaeueiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, aea
?ic?iaey?oueny eiiieaenia iaoeiaa oaia “I?iaeaia aoiai?cio oa
aeooiaiino? o i?ioean? aeeeaaeaiiy eo?n?a caaaeueii? ?noi???”, oa ia
eaoaae?? ?noi??? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Ee?ai-Iiaeeyinueea
Aeaaeai?y”, aea aeeeaaea?oueny eo?n “?noi??y ?a?iiaenueei?
oeea?e?caoe??”. Iniiai? iaoeia? aeniiaee aoei aeei?enoaii a
i?ea?iaeueieo eo?nao – “?noi??y ?a?iiaenueei? oeea?e?caoe??”, “Iaeyae
anana?oiuei? ?noi???”, “?noi??y i?aeia?iaeieo a?aeiinei ? ciai?oiuei?
iie?oeee”, “Aeaea?aeiciaanoai oa ?noi??ia?ao?y ?noi??? ?a?iiaenueei?
oeea?e?caoe??”, “?noi??y Aaeeai oa Aeecueeiai Noiaeo”, “I?iaeaie ?iia??e
a iiaee /an”, “?noi??y a?o/eciyii? oa ca?oa?aeii? eoeueoo?e”. Iaoa??aee
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iiaeia aeei?enoaoe oaeiae aeey i?ae?o/iee?a,
iaa/aeueieo iin?aiee?a, iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e, aaeaeaa?nueeeo oa
iaa?noa?nueeeo ?ia?o.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a a iaea?aeai? iaoeiaeo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a
?ic?iaoe? oai?aoeei – iaoiaee/ieo iniia aeine?aeaeaiiy oa aea/aiiy
aca?iiaieea?a eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo a iiaee /an, a oiio
/ene? ? ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e ye oe?eiai, /a?ac caaaeuei? ?noi?e/i?
iaoiaeieia?/i? i?eioeeie ?c caeo/aiiyi ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aiae?co;
iaa?oioiaaii aeioe?euei?noue aeie?aieaiiy ?noi??ia?ao?? ye iaiao?aeii?
naiino?eii? aaeoc? o i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aea/aiiy
caaaeueiioai?aoe/ieo oa i?aeoe/ieo ieoaiue c ?noi??? oa oai??? eoeueoo?e
i?e caeo/aii? oe?ieiai niaeo?o ??cieo aaeocaaeo iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue
a ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiio aniaeo?; a ?ic?iaoe? eiioeaioe?? aeine?aeaeaiiy
ae?aeiao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo; iiaeae? aeine?aeaeaiiy eoeueoo?ieo
aca?iiaieea?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo; iaoiaeeoe? aeine?aeaeaiiy
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a.

Aeiaaaeaii?noue iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a coiiaeai?:

– iaoiaeieia?/iith iaa?oioiaai?noth aeo?aeieo iieiaeaiue oa eiiieaeniith
iaoiaeeeith, yea ia?aaeaa/a? nenoaiiee ? no?oeoo?iee aiae?c ?noi?e/ieo
? eoeueoo?ieo yaeu, aaeaeaaoiee caaaeaiiyi oa eia?oe? aeine?aeaeaiiy;

– c?noaaeaiiyi ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy c iaoeiaith oa iaaeaaia?/iith
iaiao?aei?noth;

– i?aeoe/iei i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy a ?aaeueieo
oiiaao aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iaoiaeieia?th, iaoiaeeeo oa
iaoa??aee ?iaioe aaoi? aeei?enoaa o aeeeaaeaii? a oe?a?inueeeo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao, o ieaiao ? i?ia?aiao caiyoue, o iaoiaee/ieo
?ic?iaeao, ia ui??/ieo iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio
oi?aa?neoao? “Ee?ai-Iiaeeyinueea Aeaaeai?y” – “Oe?a?ia: ethaeeia,
noni?euenoai, i?e?iaea”, a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?
?i. I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, i?aeia?iaeieo iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo.

Ioae?eaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeeeaaeaii o aeaio
iiiia?ao?yo, iaa/aeueiiio iin?aieeo, a?ioo?ao, iaoiaee/ieo ?ic?iaeao,
aaoi?nueeeo noaooyo oa iioae?eiaaieo iaoa??aeao ? oacao eiioa?aioe?e.

Ia caoeno aeianaii:

1.Iieiaeaiiy i?i aeioe?euei?noue ia?aianaiiy o?iiieia??
aecia/aiiy nioe?aeueii – aeiiii?/ieo, ?noi?e/ieo aoai?a ?icaeoeo
ethaenoaa ia aecia/aiiy o?iiieia?/ieo iaae ?icaeoeo ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo
i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo.

2. Eiioeaiooaeueia iiaeaeue ooieoe?iioaaiiy ae?aeiao eoeueoo?, ?c
a?aooaaiiyi ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e, i?ae Caoiaeii ? Noiaeii a iiaee /an.

3. Oaa?aeaeaiiy i?i oa, ui i?ioean aca?iiaieeao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo
? Noiaeo ia’?eoeaiee, ia? nai? o?aaeeoe??, ?noi?e/ii coiiaeaiee ?
aacia?a?aiee, aea ?c o?aooaaiiyi iniaeeainoae caaaeueiiai ?noi?e/iiai
?icaeoeo ethaenoaa ? nie?ath/enue ia iueiai.

4. Nooi?noue oa ci?no ?noi??ia?ao?? ye iiaiai iai?yieo a
iaoeiai-iaaeaaia?/i?e iaooe? i?e aeine?aeaeaii? ? aea/aii? ?noi???
eoeueoo?e acaaae?, ? ooaeiaeiuei? cie?aia, ?c caeo/aiiyi i?eioeeio
?noi?ecio ? iaoiaeeee ?noi?e/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.

No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, o?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a aei ?icae?e?a, caaaeueieo aeniiae?a, nieneo
aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae – (781 iaeiaioaaiiy, ?c ieo 70 aeaea?ae ?iicaiiith
iiaith). Caaaeueiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? – 402 noi??iee.

Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe??

O anooi? iaa?oioiaothoueny aeooaeuei?noue ? aeioe?euei?noue
aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?aii? i?iaeaie, o?iiieia?/i? ?aiee; aecia/athoueny
ia’?eo, i?aaeiao, iaoa, caaaeaiiy, eiioeaioe?y, iiaeaeue,
iaoiaeieia?/i? e oai?aoe/i? iniiae oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy;
aeaea?aeueia aaca, ?noi??ia?ao?y. C-iii?ae aeaea?ae i?eaa?oathoue oaaao
ianaiia?aae eiioeaioe?? cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeo oa no?aeii?a?iiaenueeeo
aeine?aeiee?a oa i?ea?iaeuei?, cia/iith i??ith aia?oa cai?iaaaeaeai? aei
iaoeiaiai ia?ao iaoa??aee c a?o?a?a Oe?a?ie, ye? ?ai?oa aoee cae?eo? ?
caa??aaeeny o niaoeoiiaeao. ?ice?eaathoueny iaoeiaa iiaecia
aeine?aeaeaiiy, eiai oai?aoe/ia e i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy; iniaenoee aianie
aeena?oaioa; oi?ioeththoueny iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia
caoeno, aeniiaee, ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? – “ ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieia?/i? i?eioeeie aea/aiiy
i?ioean?a aca?iiaieea?a ooaeiaei?o eoeueoo? e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo” –
?icaeyaea?oueny aieea i?e?iaeiiai na?aaeiaeua ia aaiethoe?th ethaenueei?
eoeueoo?e, ai ?noi??y ethaenoaa ia?ic?eaii iia’ycaia c ?noi???th
i?e?iaee. A ?? iniiao aoea iieeaaeaia oi?ioth/a ae?y i?e?iaeiiai
a?aeai?o, yeee aeeth/a? iooaoe?th, no?auoaaiiy oa ?cieyoe?th iiioeyoe?e.
Oiaoi a?ieia?/i? caeiie aieeaaee ? ia ?icaeoie ethaeeie, noni?euenoaa,
iniaeeai ia ?aii?o aoaiao aio?iiiaaiaco. I?ae aieeaii nioe?aeueieo
caeii?a aiie iaaoaaee c /anii ona a?eueo niaoeeo?/iiai oa?aeoa?o, aea, c
?ioiai aieo, ? nai? aieeaaee ia ?icaeoie nioe?aeueieo i?ioean?a.

Oaeei /eiii, ?noi?e/ia ?aeiino?oeoe?y aaiaceno eoeueoo?e ?
neeaaeiith i?iaeaiith ia?a?nii? ?noi???. ?c c?inoaiiyi ianaeaiiy
aenieoaoaoe?y i?e?iaee iinooiiai a?eueo – iaio ??aiii??ii iioe?thaaeany.
??no ianaeaiiy ca?eueooaaa “oene” ia i?e?iaeo, ianoaaaea eieaeueia
aeaiia?ao?/ia aeieia?/ia e?eca, yea i?ae?eaaea aaoi?eoao o?aaeeoe?e,
aaccaia?a/ia i?aeei?aiiy ?i ? ia aa?aiooaaea noni?euenoao “ii?iaeueiiai
aeeooy”. Aea oea ?icoi?ea, aieiaiei /eiii, o?eueee iieiaeue, yea noaaaea
“??aoeeaie” – “iiaaoi?aie”, i?iia?acaie iaeaooi?o “eoeueoo?ieo aa?i?a”.
“Iiaaoi?e” iiaee cai?iiiioaaoe iia? iaoiaee ainiiaea?thaaiiy, caniae
ae?iaieoeoaa, a?eueo aeineiiaeo nenoaio i?aai?caoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa. I?ioa
oaea “iiaecia” noinoaaeany /ano?oa aeeoo?ai iaiao?aeiiai. Oa /anoeia
eoeueoo?e, yea ia a?aeiineeanue aaciina?aaeiuei aei aeiiii?ee, /anoi
caeeoaeanue iaeaea aac ci?i, ai aoea “iaeo?aeueia” aei oaeo?a
iaoa??aeueiiai na?oo, oiaoi, ia aoea aeia?/ia ii a?aeiioaiith aei
iueiai.

Aaoi?eoao iiaaoi??a aoa iaaecae/aeii aenieei. Aeey eiai caa?aaeaiiy
aeinoaoiuei aoei aeio?eioaaoeny eeoa “caiia?o?a” i?auo??a yeeo
iaiaeithaaee – (“eoeueo i?auo??a”). Oae ia?iaeaeoaaeany ?ae?a?y ye
aeiaiaoe/ia nenoaia iiaeyae?a, inay/aia aaoi?eoaoii aaaaoueio iieie?iue.
? ona iiaoi?thaaeiny aei iiai? e?ece. “Iaeo?aeueia” ae aei oaeo?a
iaoa??aeueiiai na?oo /anoeia eoeueoo?e aeoaea /anoi ia?a?iaeaeoaaeany o
“aeooiai? iio?aae”. Oeueiio ni?eyea oeea?e?caoe?y o?eueee ia iaaiiio,
aeinoaoiuei aenieiio ??ai? ?icaeoeo: o?eueee oiae? aiie iiaee aeicaieeoe
nia? “na?aeiio aeia?/i?noue” o aeaeyae? oai?/ino? ioceeaio?a, iiao?a,
ooaeiaeiee?a, ye? ini?aoaaee iaa?oue oeo aia?a, a yeeo oaea ia a??eee.

sseui i?ae oeei eooii ci?o ?icaeyaeaoe i?ioean aeieeiaiiy aea?aeaae,
oi ? ooo a?aeii? a ?noi?e/i?e iaooe? iieiaeaiiy iiaeia aeiiiaieoe
caeiiii??iinoyie aeieia?/iiai oa?aeoa?o. Ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino?
ianaeaiiy ii?iaeaeoaaei oain, yeee ua a?eueoa iiaeeaethaaa e?eco a
noni?euenoa?, c yei? aeaiaeeee iia? “iiaaoi?e”. Aea oea iiaei noaoe
iiaeeeaei eeoa oiae?, yeui i?ae /an oaino ia caaeioee on? “ioi?iioe?
aeina?aeo ieioeiai”. Aaeaea a?eueoa /anoeia eoeueoo?ii? niaaeueie ia
caia?a/o? aeina?aeo a oiiaao, ui ci?ieeeny, ? ? ooiaeaiaioii
iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo, ?iaeoa eiaeia /a?aiaa e?eca a?aeeeaeaea a
noni?euenoai a eiai ?icaeoeo aeaeaei iacaae. A oeae ia??iae e?a?ia aoea
iaea?eueo iacaoeuaia ? ia?aae ?iicaiieie caaieiaieeaie, ye? iiaee
iaa’ycaoe ?e aaaaoi /iai ?c nai?o aeanieo o?aaeeoe?e, ye oea noaeiny o
iia? /ane, i?ae /an eieii?aeueieo caaa?aaiue.

I?ioa ?c c?inoaiiyi ianaeaiiy ? aiane?aeie i?a?aoe?e iineethaaeany
a??ia?aei?noue eiioaeo?a, ui ni?eyei oaeaeeiio iai?io aeina?aeii,
?ioi?iaoe??th, oiaoi a?aeai?o ei?enieo ( o oiio /ene? /oaeeo) ?
?icoeooaaiith oe?aeeeaeo o?aaeeoe?e. Ia oe?e iniia? c’yaeythoueny ? iia?
(“eiioaeoi?”) aoi?/i? iciaee.

Oaeei /eiii, aeieea? iiaa a?oia (i?aaoiin, aoiin), ui aeae?eeeany ?c
“iaoa?einueei?” /e “eiioaeoia”, ui aeieeea ia iniia? ceeooy c ?ioeie,
oei iaioa iiaeeeainoae o ia? aeey “eiina?aaoe??”, ai e?euee?noue
“a?eueieo” caiaeue, ui nei?i/oaaeany, ? iino?eia i?enooi?noue /enaeueieo
non?ae?a ciooo? ?? oaeaeoa ?icaeaaoe i?iaeoeoeai? neee, aeei?enoiaoth/e
na?e ? /oaeee aeina?ae, oa?iey/?oa noaaeoeny aei “iiaaoi??a”.

Ia /a?c? ca?? ? nenoaiaoecaoe?y onueiai iaeiie/aiiai ethaenoaii
aeina?aeo ca aeiiiiiaith iaoeiiiai “aaieo ciaiue”. ? cia/io aeiiiiiao a
oe?e ni?aa? iiaea iaaeaoe ?noi?e/iee (aaiethoe?eiee) ? aeieia?/iee
i?aeo?ae, ye aaaaea? TH.A?iieae.

I?e aeeeaaeaii? nai?o oyaeaiue i?i ?aeaaeueio no?oeoo?o ?noi?eei
-ineoieia?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oa eiai aeaea?aeueiiai caaacia/aiiy ie
na?aeiii a?aeiiaeeenue a?ae iaai?o iiiyoue, ye? aeei?enoiaothoueny
o?aaeeoe?eii a ?noi?e/i?e e?oa?aoo?? aeey aea/aiiy ineoieia?? aaeeeeo
nioe?aeueieo a?oi, yeee aei oeueiai /ano caeeoa?oueny eeoa “iaai?ii”, ?
caa?ioeeny aei ia?aae? iiiyoue, ye? i?eeiyo? o “oaoia?e” nioe?aeuei?e
ineoieia?? ? ia’?aeiai? aei?noeith eia?/iith noaiith: ni?eueia
nioe?aeueia ae?yeuei?noue – i?ioeane eiioi?eaoe?? – ni?eeiyooy
?ioi?iaoe?? – oi?ioaaiiy nioe?aeueieo onoaiiaie – nioe?aeuei? ae??.

Caa?iaiiy aei oaei? noaie aeicaiey? c?icoi?oe niin?a ca’yceo
nioe?aeueiiai na?aaeiaeua oa nioe?aeueii? ineo?ee. Iaaaaeaia noaia
aeaoaeueii ?ic?iaey?oueny ia i?aeoeoe? eiie?aoieo nioe?aeueii –
ineoieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue noiniaii iaeeo a?oi, ye? ?icaeyaeathoueny
oao?aoeyie c nioe?aeueii? ineoieia?? iica eiioaenoii ?nioaaiiy ?o o
a?eueoeo nioe?aeueieo ni?eueiioao, ye? iathoue yne?aai ae?aaeai?
nioe?aeueii-eeania? oa?aeoa?enoeee. O iao?e ?iaio? ie iaiaaaeeny
aaeaiooaaoe aaea aecia/aio o nioe?aeuei?e ineoieia?? ia?aaeo iiiyoue aei
ca’ycaiiai ?ao?iniaeoeaieie aeine?aeaeaiiyie ae?yeueiino? aaeeeeo
nioe?aeueieo a?oi aea/aiiy ?noi?eei – ineoieia?/ieo i?ioean?a /a?ac
i?ecio ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai ?icaeoeo ethaenoaa. sse ?ethno?aoeaiee
iaoa??ae ie caa?oaeeny aei ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a ia?iae?a
Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo o iiaee /an.

Ia?oei aoaiii, ia iao iiaeyae, iiaeiii noaoe aea/aiiy ?inoeooo?a
nioe?ae?caoe??, a yeeo ?aae?ciaoaaeeny ??ci? aeaee nioe?aeueii?
ae?yeueiino? a?oie, ui aieeaaee ia eoeueoo?iee ?icaeoie aeaii? a?oie,
noni?euenoaa a oe?eiio. I?eeeaaeii iiaea aooe ?noi??y ai?ioueae ca
ao?aeoaci? naiaiaee ? ca iiaeeea?noue ?o ?aae?caoe??, yea icia/a? ia
o?eueee aeciaiiy noni?euenoaii oiai /e ?ioiai iie?oe/iiai ?inoeoooo, aea
e iiaeeea?noue eiai ?aaeueiiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy, ui a?aeaeaaeiny e ia
?noi?eei – eoeueoo?i?e niaaeuei?.

Ne?ae coieieoeny ua ia ieoaii? i?i neie?aoeci, oa?aeoa?iee aeey
ae?yeueiino? nioe?aeueieo ?inoeooo?a ?aiiueiai na?aaeiueia?//y. Ia iaoo
aeoieo, oea iieiaeaiiy (neie?aoeci ae?yeueiino?) ? oi?aa?naeueiei ?
iiaea aooe canoiniaaiei aei aoaeue-yeiai noni?eueiiai yaeua o ia??iae
aaiaceno.

?, ia?aoo?, inoaiiy i?iaeaia, iia’ycaia c ?inoeoooii nioe?ae?caoe??.
O?aaeeoe?eii ?icaeyaeathoueny o?eueee o? ?inoeoooe nioe?ae?caoe??, eio??
? aaciina?aaeiuei i?iaeoeoii ae?yeueiino? nioe?aeueii? ni?eueiino?, ui
aeine?aeaeo?oueny. Aea aeine?aeieeo iaiao?aeia ??ciianiaeoia aea/aiiy
nioe?aeueieo ?inoeooo?a, uia c?icoi?oe oe?ieee niaeo? ae?yeueiino?
iniaenoino?, on? iiaeeea? aa??aioe aeeth/aiiy ?? o ieo.

Aiane?aeie ni?eeiyooy ?ioi?iaoe?? i?i oie /e ?io?e nioe?aeueiee
ia’?eo o ethaeeie aeieea? nenoaia oyaeaiue i?i iueiai, ethaeeia
a?ae/oaa? caeaaei?noue a?ae i?aaeiaoa ? no?aaeaea?. Aea aiia
iaiaaa?oueny aeeoe c oaei? caeaaeiino?, ?ice??ia/o?oueny o i?aaeiaoi?e
ae?yeueiino?, iaoa??ae?coth/enue o iae??ciiiai?oi?oeo oi?iao a?ae
iie?oeee aei noai?aiiy ooaeiaei?o oai??a. Aea an? ?acoeueoaoe
ethaenueei? ae?yeueiino?, ia’?eoea?ciaai? o caeeoeao eoeueoo?e ieioeeo
aiio, ia ciiaeooue aooe i?aeaeai? ?noi?e/ii – ineoieia?/i?e
?ioa?i?aoaoe??, yeui a?aenooi? aoaeue-ye? ienueiia? na?aeioeoaa i?i
ieioea – a?ae cao?eniaaieo a ??cieo ienueiiaeo oaenoao iie?oe/ieo aanae
aei iiac??, e?oa?aoo?e /e ?ioi? ?noi?e/ii? aiioe.

C?icoi?oe, ye nioe?aeuei? oiiae a?aeaeaaeeny o na?aeiiino?
?iaeea?ae?a, iiaeia o?eueee oeyoii caa?oaiiy aei ca’ycaiiai ienueiiaiai
oaenoo, aaoi?ii yeiai ? eiie?aoia iniaa. ?iaioa c aeaea?aeaie
ooaeiaeiuei? oai?/ino? aea? iiaeeea?noue aea/eoe nioe?aeuei?
oa?aeoa?enoeee, “ia?aaa?ioo?” o na?aeiiino? ?iaeea?aea, – canai?iiy
iniaeno?noth ??cieo aeae?a nioe?aeueii? ae?yeueiino?, oa ?i.

Oaeei /eiii, cai?iiiiiaaia noaia aeine?aeaeaiiy ?noi?e/ii?
ineoieia?? aeicaiey? inieneeoe aaea iaeiie/aiee ?noi??ia?ao??th
aeina?ae, aecia/ath/e i?noea ie?aieo i?aoeue o caaaeueiiio eie? i?iaeai,
iia’ycaieo c aea/aiiyi ?noi?e/ii? ineoieia??, ?noi??? eoeueoo?e, cie?aia
ooaeiaeiuei?.

Iaoiaeieia?y no/anieo aoiinioe?ieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue na?oiaeo
eoeueoo?ieo eiioaeo?a neeaeanue o ?one? oaeeo iai?yie?a, ye
aeeooc?ii?ci, ooieoe?iiae?ci, “aeine?aeaeaiiy c aeoeueoo?aoe??”.Oea
ni?eyei ?icoi?iith na?oiaeo ciinei ye ?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano. I?ioa ia ana
a ieo aoei aeineiiaeei. Ie coieieeeny ia iniiaieo aoaiao aea/aiiy
na?oiaeo eoeueoo?ieo eiioaeo?a a aoiia?ao??, ai naia a i?e, ia aeoieo
N. A?oaiianueeiai, e?aua oai?aoe/ii inieneeoe ieoaiiy eoeueoo?iiai
?icaeoeo ethaenoaa.

Aaea eeaneee “eoeueoo?iiai aaiethoe?ii?cio” O?O no. iaee oyaeaiiy
i?i i?aeia?iaei? eoeueoo?i? ca’ycee. A.Oaeei? iiynithaaa aeieeiaiiy
aeaieo ?en eoeueoo?e o?ueiia oeyoaie: iacaeaaeiee aeiao?ae,
niaaeeia?noue a?ae i?auo??a ? ia?aaea/a a?ae iaeii? ?ane aei ?ioi?.
I?ioa aoiia?aoe O?O no. iaaeiioe?ithaaee cia/aiiy i?aeia?iaeieo
eoeueoo?ieo ca’yce?a. Oey i?iaeaia aoea aia?oa c on??th a?oioiai?noth
iinoaaeaia i?iaoeueeeie a/aieie ii/aoeo OO no. Aeey aeeooc?ii?cio aoa
oa?aeoa?iee oe?ieee ?noi?e/iee i?aeo?ae aei na?oiaeo eiioaeo?a.
Ooieoe?iiae?noe a?aeeeaeaee iaoiaeeeo aeeooc?ii?cio ye aeia?eueio ?
i?aee?anethaaee iaiao?aei?noue aea/aiiy ianaiia?aae no/anieo na?oiaeo
eiioaeo?a, noai?aieo aiioith aeniain?? ao?aeoacii? ?a?iie. Ia??iae
aeine?aeaeaiue c “aeoeueoo?aoe??”, a?aeo?iea no/aniee oa?aeoa? i?iaeaie
ua /?oe?oa, iiai?oa aea/ath/e nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/i? oaeoi?e ? aieea
?o ia eoeueoo?i? ca’ycee. Aia?oa aoei i?aee?aneaii, ui aca?iiae?y
eoeueoo? – oea i?ioean, yeee i?io?ea? a eiie?aoii-?noi?e/ieo oiiaao.
Ae?oaa aaaeeeaa aeinyaiaiiy i?aaenoaaiee?a oe??? oeiee – oaaaa aei
ethaeeie. Aiie cina?aaeaeoaaeenue ia eiie?aoieo neooaoe?yo eiioaeoo ye
oe?e?niino? ? aeiaeaaeeny ?noi?e/ii? aeieoiaioaeueiino?, i?ioa eiee
ii/aeeny ni?iae oai?aoe/iiai inieneaiiy eiioaeo?a, i?oee ii e?i??
nei??oa nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/i?e, i?ae eoeueoo?ii – ?noi?e/i?e.

?icaeyaeath/e na?oia? eiioaeoe ye oe?e?niee i?ioean, ia iiaeia
caaoaaoe i?i ae?aeaeoe/io a?aeiini?noue oeueiai iiiyooy. Ieoaiiy i?i
na?oia? eoeueoo?i? eiioaeoe ye oaeoi? aca?iiiai caaaa/aiiy eoeueoo?
iiaea aooe ?ice?eoi ia iaaecae/aeii aaeeeiio iaoa??ae?, cie?aia
ooaeiaeiueiio. A yeiio i?aai?/ii ceeaathoueny iaoa??aeuei? ? aeooiai?
oi?ie ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie. ?acii c oei, ye iieacaei aeine?aeaeaiiy
na?oiaiai ?noi?eei – eoeueoo?iiai i?ioeano, ooaeiaeiy eoeueoo?a ia?
o?ei??io iiaoaeiao – aiia ioiieth? ? aeooiaii-ci?noiai? oa?aeoa?enoeee
oai?/ino? iaeno??a ienoaoeoaa, ? ii?oieia?/i? iniaeeaino?
aca?iia?aeiinei ??cieo ienoaoeoa, ? ?inoeoooe?aeuei? oi?ie i?aai?caoe??
i?ioean?a ooaeiaeiueiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? niiaeeaaiiy. O?einionueeei
eeth/ai aei ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie, yeo ie ?icaeyaea?ii, ? ae?aeaeoeea
caaaeueiiai, iniaeeaiai ? iaeeie/iiai. Aea/aiiy na?oiai? eoeueoo?e,
cie?aia ? ooaeiaeiuei?, iiaeeeaa o aeaio aniaeoao. Ii-ia?oa,
eiie?aoecaoe?y caaaeueieo aeey onueiai ethaenoaa ?en eoeueoo?e
a?aeaoaa?oueny o iaoe?iiaeueii-niaoeeo?/ieo aa??aoe?yo eoeueoo?e
eiaeiiai ?aa?iio; ae?aeaeoeea caaaeueiiai, iniaeeaiai ? iaeeie/iiai
aea?, oaeei /eiii, iiaeeea?noue ?icaeyaeaoe Cao?ae ? No?ae ye iicia/aiiy
na?aaeiueiai ??aiy ni?eueiino? i?ae caaaeueiiethaenueeei (na?oiaei) ?
ie?aiei, iaeeie/iei (iaoe?iiaeueiei). Ii-ae?oaa, ooaeiaeiy eoeueoo?a
?icaeyaea?oueny ye iniaeeaa ia oeyoo a?ae eoeueoo?e, ye oaei?, a ??
oe?e?niiio aooo?.

?nioaaiiy ?aa?iiaeueieo nioe?aeueieo oa ineoieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae
aea? iiaeeea?noue ni?anoaaeyoe ? ii??aithaaoe ooaeiaei? eoeueoo?e
Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo, aa/eoe a ?o a?aei?iiinoyo ?ene, ye? aeiiiaiththoue
iaeia iaeio.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? – “ ?noi??y oa ?noi??ia?ao?y aeeiai?ee ?icaeoeo
i?iaeaie eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai oeio a eiioaeno? ?icaeoeo eoeueoo?iiai
ae?aeiao i?ae Caoiaeii ? Noiaeii a iiaee /an” – ?icaeyaea?oueny
?noi?e/iee oa nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/iee i?aeo?ae aei aea/aiiy ae?aeiao
eoeueoo? e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo. Nie?ath/enue ia ae?aeaeoe/ii –
iaoa??ae?noe/iee iii?ci ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo eoeueoo?e, ye aaaaea?
A.Ao?aae/ , iiaeia iaa?oiooaaoe iinooiiaee ?icaeoie eoeueoo?e ye
ae?aeaeoeeo caia?a/aiiy caia?a/aiiy, ye niaaeeia?noue eoeueoo?ieo
o?aaeeoe?e. Ae?aeaeoe/iee ?icaeoie ia?aaeaa/a? ia?a?ao aacia?a?aiino?,
a niaaeeia?noue – ae?aeaeoe/io ?aei?noue i?ioeeaaeiinoae o oi?i?
o?aaeeoe?e. O aeooiai?e noa?? ? o ooaeiaei?e eoeueoo?? iniaeeaino?
niaaeeiaino? ? o?aaeeoe?e iieyaathoue o caia?a/aii? /e iai?eeiyoo?
iaeieo yaeu eoeueoo?e ? caa?aaeaii? ?ioeo. Ae?aeaeoeea ?noi?e/iiai
i?ioeano aea? i?aenoaao noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui noaiiaeaiiy oe?e?nii?
ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e iiaeeeaa ia o?eueee i?e oiia? ?aeiaiiy
i?ioeeaaeieo ia/ae, nooue yeeo o nai???aeiino? ?yaeo ?en eiaeii? iaoe??
? eiaeii? ?aa?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e, aea ? ianaiia?aae i?e ?iaeia?e ?
nooi?ni?e ?aeiino? ??cieo eoeueoo?.

?aei?noue ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e aeinyaa?oueny oeyoii caeiiii??iiai
c?oeiaiiy “iaoe?iiaeueieo ia?ac?a na?oo”, ui a?aeaoaa?oueny aiane?aeie
iino?eii? i?a?aoe?? ia?iae?a. A oiae? eoeueoo?ieo iai?i?a, ui
?icoe?ththoueny, a?aeaoaa?oueny aca?iiaieea eoeueoo?.

Iinooiiaee ?oo eoeueoo?e ia?aaeaa/a? aeine?aeaeaiiy nioe?aeueii –
ineoieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae ia?iae?a. ?noi?e/ia aeeiai?ea eiie?aoeco?
oa?aeoa? eoeueoo?e ? ienoaoeoaa eiaeiiai noni?euenoaa.

A.A?aea? ca’ycaa oai?/a ieneaiiy ethaeeie c ?? caeaoi?noth aanoe
aioo??oi?e ae?aeia ? iinoaaea “ae?aeia?eo” ii?yae c eeane/iith
oi?iaeueiith eia?eith.

Eeth/iaa iiiyooy “?noi?e/iee oei eoeueoo?e” aeey oeiieia?caoe??
eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano aecia/a? aeooaeuei?noue e?eoe/iiai eiai
aiae?co, o?aeooaaiiy a ??cieo eiioeaioe?yo eoeueoo?e. Ne?ae a?aei?oeoe,
ui a i?aoeyo I.Aeaieeaanueeiai ?aaeoe?ei? iaineaa?nonuee? oa
iaoe?iiae?nonuee? ?aea? aeeaiaeaeii non?aeoaaee c ni?aaaaeeeaith ca
caaeoiaie e?eoeeith ?a?iiioeaio?ecio oa nioe?ae – aea?a?i?cio, c
ni?iaith e?eoeee ao?aeoacii? oeea?e?caoe??, yeo a?i, aei ?a/?, a?a c
i?aaeo, eiina?aaoeaii-?iiaioe/ieo iiceoe?e. Nooue eiai eoeueoo?ieia?/ii?
eiioeaioe?? iieyaa? a iinoaiiaoe? ieoaiiy i?i ii?oieia?th eoeueoo?e ?
?icaeyae o ca’yceo c oeei i?iaeaie eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai oeio.
Iiia?aaeieeii Aeaieeaanueeiai aoa Aeae. A?ei. Oaea noaa?aeaeaiiy ia/aaoi
? ianiiae?aaiei, ai a?i, ia a?aei?io a?ae Aeaieeaanueeiai, aeiaiaeea, ui
?noi??y ethaenoaa i?aeii?yaeeiao?oueny a?/iei ? iaci?iiei caeiiai,
ca?aeii c yeeie on? ia?iaee na?oo i?ioiaeyoue o nai?io ?icaeoeo iaei? ?
o? ae noaae??. I?ioa aeo?aeia iiceoe?y I. Aeaieeaanueeiai aaaaoi a /iio
eaea a?ae Aeae.A?ei.

Niinoa??aa?oueny iacae/aeia iiae?ai?noue aieiaieo iieiaeaiue, ye?
noi?ioethaaa o 1860?. I.Aeaieeaanueeee, ?c nenoaiith iiaeyae?a
I.Oiaiaea?a, yea neeaeany o 1910 –o ?ieao. A ?iaio? aiae?cothoueny
iiaeyaee ?noi?eea E.A?aec?aa, yeee i?iaieiooaaa aaaaoie?i?eio
eiioeaioe?th na?oiaiai “eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo ” caaeiaai aei
I.Oiaiaea?a.

Iaeaaaeeea?oith neeaaeiaith /anoeiith eiioeaioe?? eieaeueiino?
eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/ieo oei?a aoea iiaeaeueoa ?ic?iaea I.Oiaiaea?ii
ieoaiue ii?oieia?? eoeueoo?e. A?i aecia/aa a?oaeueiee oeeee eiaeii?
“aeniei? eoeueoo?e” ca o?ueiia nooiaiyie: 1/ aeieoeueoo?io, /e
aoiia?ao?/io, 2/ aeania eoeueoo?io ? 3/ noaae?th oeea?e?caoe??.

A ?icoi?ii? eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai oeio A.Oieia? aaaaoi ui
oniaaeeoaaa a?ae I.Oiaiaea?a. Aecia/aeueio iaeeieoeth
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai i?ioeano a?i iaceaaa “oeea?e?caoe??th”, ui iiaeia
?icaeyaeaoe ye neiii?i “aenieeo eoeueoo?” I.Oiaiaea?a. A.Oieia? oaeiae,
ye ? I. Oiaiaea?, i?aee?anethaaa, ui aeiaeia oeea?e?caoe?y ia iiaea iaoe
a?eueoa iaeiiai oeeeeo ? aiane?aeie oeueiai, ?noi??y oeea?e?caoe??
cae?i/eoueny noai?aiiyi “oi?aa?naeueii? aea?aeaae” ye iiai? anana?oiuei?
?ae?a??, ui ii?iaeeoue oi?aa?naeueio “oeea?e?caoe?th oeea?e?caoe?e”.

Iaeei ?c no/anieo iine?aeiaiee?a oeueiai ?noi??inionueeiai iai?yieo,
aia?eeainueeee eoeueoo? – aio?iiieia ? ?noi?ee eoeueoo?e O.Aaaa? aaaaoi
oaaae i?eae?eea o?aeooaaiith iiiyooy eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai oeio. A?i
aecia/a? eoeueoo?o a oe?eiio ye ?aaoeyoi? aioo??oiuei? ? ciai?oiuei?
iiaaae?iee /eai?a noni?euenoaa, aeeeth/ath/e oa, ui a?aeiineoueny aei
niaaeeiaino? ?o iioiaeaeaiiy. A?i aaaaoi i?eae?ey? oaaae ?noi?e/iei
i?eeeaaeai anei?eyoe?? a eoeueoo?ao caaieiaiee?a ? caaieiaaieo ia?iae?a.
Ia eiai aeoieo, ?ioaa?aoe?y eoeueoo?ieia?/iiai ? aoiieia?/iiai
i?aeoiae?a aei ?noi??? eoeueoo?e iaaecae/aeii ei?enia, aa?o/e aei oaaae
canai?iiy eoeueoo? iaeieo aoiin?a ?ioeie ? iayai?noue i?ioean?a
anei?eyoe??. Oe? aeoiee i?ioeeaaei? oiio, i?i ui ienaa I.Oiaiaea?, a
i?ney iueiai, oi/a ? c canoa?aaeaiiyie, A.Oieia?. Ia aeoieo
A.Ieeueieeiaa, a nai?o iniiaieo ia?aiao?ao eiioeaioe?y O.Aaaa?
a?oioo?oueny ia oeo aea o?einionueei – ?aeaae?noe/ieo i?eioeeiao, ui ?
iiaoaeiae I.Oiaiaea?a – A.Oieia?. ?icaeyaeath/e eoeueoo?o ye
?ioaeaeooaeueiee aniaeo ?noi??? ethaenoaa, O.Aaaa? iiaiaeaeo?oueny c?
I.Oiaiaea?ii ? a oiio, ui eoeueoo?a ?aeaioe/ia a?ieia?/iiio i?aai?cio.
Aea oea aaea I. Aeaieeaanueeee oae aecia/aa.

Cao?aei? eoeueoo?ieiae iia?othoue iiiyooyie “eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iee
oei” ia?aaaaeii ye eieaeueii?, iaiiaoi?ii? ? a oeueiio ?icoi?ii?
iaeeie/ii? ni?eueiino?.

Oaeei /eiii, ia inoaiith ?ieue a?ae?a?aa aieea ?aeae a?ieia?caoe??
noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo. Aeey ii??aiyiiy iiaeia c?iaeoe iineeaiiy ia
iiaeyaee i?e?iaeiciaaoey ? o?einioa I.*eaeaanueeiai, yeee o 20-?.
?icaeaaa a?iioaco i?i aieea eini?/ieo oaeoi??a, ianaiia?aae niiy/ii?
ae?yeueiino?, ia “iiaaae?ieo i?aai?ciaaieo ethaenueeeo ian”.
I.*eaeaanueeee a oe?eiio ni?a/ooeeai noaaeany aei ?aeae I.Oiaiaea?a,
oi/a iiiyooy oeeeeo o?aeooaaa ia ye eieaeueiee oaiiiai, a ye aecia/aia
iiaoi?aiiy noaae?e ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo. A iniiao noi?ioeueiaaiiai iei
i?aeoiaeo aoea iieeaaeaia oyaa i?i aei??e ?noi?e/iiai /ano caniaaie
o?ce/ieo iaeeieoeue (?noi??iiao???).

Iei? io?eiaee iioe?aiiy ae?oa?i? eiioeaioe?? eoeueoo?e. Aeoiaey/e c
oeueiai, ?icaeyae ?o ? aeooaeueiei a oiiaao iacai?ioiino? i?ioean?a
aeaiie?aoecaoe?? eoeueoo?e. Ae?oa?i? eiioeaioe?? iathoue neeaaeio
aioo??oith no?oeoo?o. I?ia?aeia noaiiaeua a no/anieo ae?oa?ieo oa/?yo
iaeaaeeoue eiioeaioe?? i?ae caaaeueiith iacaith “oee?eoeyoe?y ae?o”.
Iai?ee?ioe? O?O -ia ii/aoeo OO no. ?oae?enueeee nioe?ieia A.Ia?aoi
aenooiaa c a?aee?eoi ae?oa?ieie eiioeaioe?yie noni?euenoaa ? eoeueoo?e.
Oe? ?aea? ia aoee iia?, aea o iueiai io?eiaee cae?i/aia oi?ioethaaiiy.
C ae?oa?ieie ?aeayie aenooiea A.Iinea.

E?aa?aeueiee iai?yiie c oaoiie?aoe/iei a?aeo?ieii aeineoue iiaii
i?aaenoaaeaiee o eiioeaioe?yo aeaeaoiiai aia?eeainueeiai nioe?ieiaa
Ae.Aaeea. I.Naa?aeeia aiai?eoue, ui oaoiie?aoe aoeueaa?ecothoue iiiyooy
“eoeueoo?a”, ui aiie iaiaaathoueny aeoiaoaaoe iane o i?aaiaoe/iiio
aeon?, i?euaieoe ?i aacaeoooy, c?iaeoe iaoa??aeueia aeaaiiieo//y
naiioe?eeth ia i?ioeaaao aeooiaiei iio?aaai iniaenoino?.

Ie??i oaoiie?aoe/ii? eiioeaioe?? a ?iaio? ?icaeyiooa aenoiooa
o/aieoeath A.Ia?aoi I.Eieaa?inueeith eiioeaioe?y “aaeaino ae?o”, ca
yeith noai?th?oueny ?ethc?y noaa?eueiino? iaioth/i? nenoaie.
Aia?eeainueeee o?einio ?.I?een aiae?coth/e nooue ea??aieoeoaa
aea?aeaaii? ao?aeoacii? iaoeie, a?aei?/a? ?ethci?i?noue ??aiiaaae ae?o,
“oee?eoeyoe?th ae?o”. I?ia?aeia i?noea a iaa?oiooaaii? oeueiai iai?yieo
iaeaaeeoue ? aiae?enueeiio iiaoo ? e?eoeeo O.Ae?ioo. I?iaiae?ciaai?
?aea? ae?oa?ii? eoeueoo?e ?niainueeiai o?einioa I?oaae – ? – Aannaoa.
Ca?aeii yeeo ienoaoeoai o iaeaooiueiio noni?euenoa? iiaea ?icaeaaoeny
o?eueee i?e oiia? caa?aaeaiiy ae?oe, yea caeaoia ia i?ciaiiy iaeoiioeo
ithain?a eoeueoo?e. Oeyo aei ii?yooieo oeea?e?caoe??, ia eiai aeoieo, o
noai?aii? iniaeeaeo a?oi ooaeiaeiee?a ? ieneeoae?a, ye? ioi?iiythoue
aeu? aeinyaiaiiy oai?/i? aeoiee a?ae eaoaee?ci?a ui ianoaathoueny.
I?oaaa – ? – Aannao, noai?ea aeanio aeieo?eio “?aoe?ia?oae?cio”, nooue
yei? a?oioiaii aiae?co?oueny ? ni?anoaaey?oueny ?c caaaeueiei
eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iei i?ioeanii.

No/aniee aeine?aeiee Ae. Ieeoeuenueeee aaaaea?, ui aeiaeiee nioe?oi
ia iiaea ?nioaaoe aac ae?oe. Oey i?iaeaia ?icaeyaea?oueny iei ia
i?eeeaae? oi?ioaaiiy ae?oe ia Noiae?.

?noi??ia?ao?y iiiyooy eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai oeio ia no/aniiio aoai?
?icaeyaea? ??ci? oai?aoe/i? aniaeoe ?noi??? eoeueoo?e. Aeyaeaiiy
oi?iaoe?eii – noaae?aeueii? iaoiiaeaiino? a?aeiia?aeieo oei?a eoeueoo?e
?ice?eaa? iaoai?ci eoeueoo?iiai ?icaeoeo ia oi?eath/enue
aaciina?aaeiuei, eiai aoi?/ii? ? ?aa?iiaeueii? nai???aeiino?. Inoaii?
?aae?co?oueny o oi?i? eoeueoo?ii? niaaeeiaino?, o?aaeeoe?e ? iiaaoe?e,
io?eioth/e ?ene iaiiaoi?iino? caaaeyee aace?ia/ii ??ciiiai?oiei
aii??e/iei ianoaaeiai, i?e?iaeiei oiiaai, ?aniaei a?aeiineiai, ciai?oi?i
?noi?e/iei aieeaai oa ?i.

A o?aoueiio ?icae?e? – “ ?noi??ia?ao?y eoeueoo?ieia?/iiai ae?aeiao
“Cao?ae-No?ae” o iiaee /an” – aiae?co?oueny aea/aiiy aca?iiae?? oa
aca?iiaieeao ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ii? niaaeueie a ?aieao “Cao?ae – No?ae” a
ca?oa?aei?e ?noi??ia?ao?? OOO-O?O no. Oea aoa /an ei??iieo ia?aoai?aiue
o noni?euenoa?, aiane?aeie yeeo aeieeaee cian?i iia? i?iyae o
nioe?aeueiiio na?aaeiaeu?, ui ? ni?eyei ci?i? na?aeiiino? ieneeoae?a.
Aieueoa? iaceaaa oeae ia??iae “cieioei noie?ooyi”. Iaoa??ae?noe/i? ?aea?
ni?eeiyooy na?oo ye ?aeeiiai na?oiaiai i?ioeano, a yeiio oi?ie ?nioaaiiy
ia?iae?a ? ?o niin?a aeeooy caeaaeaoue a?ae iaoa??aeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa,
a?aeaeaeaiino? iaeei a?ae iaeiiai, ee?iaoe/ieo ? aaia?ao?/ieo oiia,
oaeiae aaciina?aaeiuei aieeaaee ia caaaeueiee o?ae ?icaeoeo
noni?euenoaa. ?icaeyaeathoueny iiaeyaee ?.Aa?aea?a, yeee ia?aaeaa/aa
niaaeeia?noue, aca?iiaieea aeaio eoeueoo?. I?iaeaio aca?iiaieeao
eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo ?icaeyaeaee I.Ea???a, I.Eii?aae, A.Ia?ea?yi,
A. ?ioeaiae , A.?ooaiao?a oa ?i.

?.Aaoa a?aecia/aa, ui cono??/ eoeueoo? aea? ?iioeuen ?icaeoeo
eiaeii? c ieo, oiio ia iiaeia i?ciaoe naaa, ia i?ciaaoe iaaeieeoi?e
na?o. ?.Aaoa aeoiaeeoue c iniiaiiai i?eioeeio A.Eaeai?oea – i?aai?/iiai
neioaco ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai ? oi?aa?naeueiiai.

A.Aaaaeue, ia?o i?ae aeaoe ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ia o?einionueea
iaa?oiooaaiiy iiiyoue “No?ae” ? “Cao?ae”, aecia/aa ?o aaia?ao?/ii. A?i
aiai?ea, ui iniaeea?noue aeooiaiiai ?icaeoeo no?aeieo ia?iae?a – o ?o
a?aeoiae? o aioo??oi?e na?o oa a naii?cieyoe?? a?ae ciai?oiueiai na?oo.
Oeth i?iaeaio ?icaeyaeaee I.Aaa?a , ?.A?aaiia , I.A?oaeiee , E.Aaneeue?a
oa ?i.

Nai Aaaaeue oia?oa a ?noi??? o?einionueei? aeoiee aeacaa ia cia/io
?ieue Noiaeo ye o o?einio??, oae ? a ienoaoeoa?.

A ca?oa?aei?e ?noi??ia?ao?? ?noi??? eoeueoo?e i?iaeaia “Cao?ae –
No?ae” aecia/a?oueny noni?eueiith na?aeii?noth e?ioey O?O- ii/aoeo OO
no., a naia eaoaee?ciaie, iane?aeeii yeeo noaei ??cia na?oini?eeiaiiy.
Aiii ae o naith /a?ao aecia/eei aeieeiaiiy ??cieo oe?e ? iai?yie?a o
o?einionueeiio, eoeueoo?ieia?/iiio, ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiio ? oai?aoe/iiio
inieneaii? ae?eniino?.

Oae? a?aenoae? aei oiai /ano e?a?ie, ye I?ia//eia ? ?in?y,
ii/eiathoue i?aoaiaeoaaoe ia ia?oa i?noea o aeooiaiiio aeeoo?
?a?iiaenueei? oeea?e?caoe??, ai naia a oeeo e?a?iao cae?eniththoueny
iaoeia? a?aee?eooy, ye? ni?eythoue ?aaiethoe?? o i?e?iaeiciaanoa?,
c’yaeythoueny o?einionueei-oai?aoe/i? oa ?noi?e/i? a/aiiy ye? c?iaeee
cia/iee aianie o ?icaeoie ?noi??inionueei? aeoiee c i?iaeaie
aca?iiaieeao ?noi?eei- eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo, oea: I.
Aa?aey?a, E.Aanooaeaa-?thi?i E, A.Aiai?ac-Oai , ss.Ao?eaa?aeo, I.Aaaa?,
A.A?iaeaeueaaiae, O.Ii?, O.I?oeoa, ?.Ia??iei, N.Ieueaeaiao?a, A.Ciiaa?o,
A.E?einueeee, I.Ein?a oa ?i. ?o aeoiea iaaeeaeoaaeany aei ona?aeiieaiiy
?aeiino? “i?ioeeaaeieo” eoeueoo? ? ia?iae?a, i?e oeueiio i?aeo?ae aei
i?ioean?a, ye? a?aeaoaaeeny o na?o?, o aaaaoueio c ieo iaa iie?oe/iee
oa?aeoa?.

??ciiiai?oi?noue oi/ie ci?o ia oeth i?iaeaio iiaeia iiynieoe
ae?aeaeoe/ii – ?noeiia ni?eeiyooy ae?eniino? aeieea? a?ae c?oeiaiiy
i?ioeeaaeieo iiaeyae?a. A aoiai?noe/ia ia/aei caaaeaee aoei
i??i?eoaoi?oei a?ae eiina?aaoeaiiai eieii?caoi?nueeiai iiaeyaeo ia
ni?eeoaaiiy ia?iae?a ? aca?iiae?th eoeueoo?.

Caaaeuei? aeniiaee – ia iniia? ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aiae?co
?noi??inionueei? aeoiee iiaiai /ano ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui:

1.I?iaeaia noaiiaeaiiy ?noi??? eoeueoo?e ye aaeoc? ?noi?e/ii? iaoee
ia nueiaiaei? iaaecae/aeii aeooaeueia o ca’yceo c oei, ui a ?noi?e/i?e
iaooe? ?aeaeiee ? aeoiaiee iiiaio ? aeii?iaioiei, cia/aiiy ?o ona
a?eueoa c?inoa? ? iniaeeaa i?noea a iueiio caeiathoue i?iaeaie ?noi???
eoeueoo?e.

2.Ieoaiiy i?i eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iee oei, i?i o?aeooaaiiy ci?noo
oeueiai iiiyooy a?aeiineoueny aei /enea ia?oi?yaeieo oai?aoe/ieo i?iaeai
?noi??? na?oiai? eoeueoo?e.

3.Na?oeaaeiith ?noi?e/iiai oeio eoeueoo?e ? a?aeiia?aeiee ?e oei
iniaenoino?, a iaeiei ?c aaaeeeaeo ciai?oi?o i?iya?a nenoaiii? ?aeiino?
ie?aieo eiiiiiaio?a eoeueoo?e – ?? noeeue.

4.Oai?aoe/ia iiaoaeiaa iiaeae? ?noi?e/iiai oeio eoeueoo?e neeaaea?
caaaeaiiy eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy, ui, ia iaoo aeoieo, ?
aeo?aeiei ?oaaaeai, yeee iieeeeaiee aeiiiiiaoe aeine?aeieeo o
eaae?o?eaoe?? noaae?aeueiiai ? eieaeueiiai ??aiy o??? /e ?ioi?
eoeueoo?e, yea iio?aao? o eiaeiiio aeiaaeeo eiie?aoiiai aea/aiiy.

5.Aieiaiith iniiaith ?icaeoeo caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oeea?e?caoe?eieo
i?ioean?a ? eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/ia niaaeueia ie?aieo e?a?i ye Noiaeo oae ?
Caoiaeo, yea ia? iaeiaeia? ?ene ?icaeoeo, ui aeia?a i?ine?aeeiao?oueny
ia aiae?c? iciae oa ia??iae?a A?ae?iaeaeaiiy ia Noiae? ? ia Caoiae?,
iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui oey oaia ? aeeneon?eiith.

6.Iiiyooy “eoeueoo?a” ? “?aeaieia?y” ia ni?aiaaeathoue, oi/a
iaeo?ni?oei /eiii iia’ycai? iaeia c iaeiei. Iiiyooy “eoeueoo?a” oe?oa. O
no/ani?e o?einio?? niinoa??aa?oueny oaiaeaioe?y aei ?iciaaeoaaiiy
iiiyoue “iaoa??aeueia eoeueoo?a” oa “aeooiaia eoeueoo?a”, aea no/ania
?noi?e/ia aeoiea ia iiaea, i?ioa, ia a?aoiaoaaoe, ui iniiai? aeanoeaino?
iaoa??aeueii? eoeueoo?e – caniae i?aoe?, aeina?ae ae?iaieoeoaa
?icaeaathoueny o iaaiiio nioe?aeueiiio na?aaeiaeu?, a ieo
a?aeaeaathoueny oiiae aeeooy, ??aaiue eoeueoo?e ae?iaieoeoaa, aeooiaiee
na?o oai?oey eoeueoo?e. Oiio, ia iaoo aeoieo, eoeueoo?a ioiieth? on?
noa?e a?iiaaenueeiai aeeooy, o oiio /ene? ? iaoa??aeueio. I?ioa a
inoaii?e aiia ia oioiaeia ae?iaieoeoao /e iiaooo, ye oea /anoi
o?aeoo?oueny o i?aoeyo c ?noi??? eoeueoo?e, a neeaaea?, yeui oae iiaeia
aeneiaeoeny, ?o oai?/i-?aoe?iiaeueiee, oiaoi aeooiaiee eiiiiiaio.

7.Iaaiai?aiiy iaoiaeieia?/ieo iniia ?noi??? eoeueoo?e ye iaei??? c
aaeocae ?noi?e/iiai ciaiiy aeicaiey? iai aecia/eoe i?aaeiao ?noi???
eoeueoo?e: ?noi??y eoeueoo?e, aea/ath/e ae?yeuei?noue ethaeae a ??
oe?e?niino? ? nenoai?, noaaeoue ia?aae niaith ca iaoo anoaiiaeaiiy
ca’yce?a i?ae on?ia aaeocyie eoeueoo?e ? c’ynoaaiiy caeiiii??iinoae
?icaeoeo ?o noeoiiino?.

8.A eiie?aoieo eieaeueieo /e oaiaoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo e?eoa???i
aeey a?aeai?o ia’?eo?a aea/aiiy iiaeiia aooe, nei??oa ca ana,
i?ia?aneai?noue oaoi?/iiai, e?oa?aoo?iiai /e ooaeiaeiueiai iai?yieo ?c
o?aooaaiiyi iiaeeeaiai, a /ano?oa ca ana ? iaieio/iai a aioaaii?noe/ieo
noaae?yo ?icaeoeo, ae?aeaeoe/iiai ia?aoiaeo aei canoith ?
ia?a?iaeaeaiiy.

9.?ena, ui a?ae??ciy? ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?i? aeine?aeaeaiiy – eeoa ?i
aeanoeaa aeo?aeia iiceoe?y, ia?aeiieaiiy aoaeue-yeiai yaeua /a?ac
nioe?aeueio ineoieia?th (“ethaeeiiciaanoai”) – ca?aene ? neeaaei?noue
?iaioe, ? iaaacia/i?noue.

10.A iniia? aeine?aeaeaiiy ?noi??? eoeueoo?e, iacaaaeath/e ia ??
niaoeeo?eo, iiaeii? ciaoiaeeoenue a/aiiy i?i noni?eueii-aeiiii?/i?
noaae?? ?icaeoeo oa noai?aia ia ?o iniia? iaoeiaa ia??iaeecaoe?y.
I?aeo?ae aei eoeueoo?e ye oe?e?niiai yaeua noni?eueiiai aeeooy ia
aeeeth/a?, a ia?aaeaa/a? o?aaeeoe?eiee, eiie?aoii-aaeocaaee i?aeo?ae,
aeine?aeaeaiiy eiie?aoieo ?? nthaeao?a. O ca’yceo c oeei ia?oi?yaeieie
i?iaeaiaie ?noi??? eoeueoo?e aeey on?o oao?aoe?a, ui caeiathoueny ??
??cieie aniaeoaie, iiaeooue noaoe aeina?ae oe?e?niiai, nenoaiiiai
aea/aiiy ?noi??? eoeueoo?e ii ia??iaeao, iane?aeee oaeiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
iiaeooue aooe ie?aeieie ? aeey iaoeiai? ?iaioe, ? aeey aeeeaaeaiiy –
iniaeeai o aocao aoiai?oa?iiai i?io?eth.

11.Oyaeaiiy i?i na?oia? eiioaeoe ye ia’?eoeaiiai ?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano
iaaea? aiaaiai?noue o oiio, ui aiie ? iaaeae? aoaeooue oa?aeoa?iith
?enith iaoi? aiioe, aoaeooue iaaieiii ?icaeaaoeny o iaeaooiueiio ?
?iaeoe na?e aieea ia eoeueoo?o, caaaaoeaoe no/ani? i?aeia?iaei?
a?aeiineie aeooiaiei ia/aeii, oe?iiei aeey an?o ethaeae aeia?i? aie?.

12.?noi??y eoeueoo?e iiaeiia aenooiaoe ii a?aeiioaiith aei yaeu,
aaeocae eoeueoo?e /e ?ioeo eoeueoo?iciaa/eo aeenoeeie?i ye
ocaaaeueithth/a, ui ?ice?eaa? caaaeuei? caeiiii??iino?
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai i?ioeano, ye? i?iyaeythoueny o ??ciiiai?oieo
oi?iao. ? na?eici?noue caaaeaiiy ia?aae ?noi?eeii iieyaa? o oiio,
uia ia aenieiio i?ioan?eiiio ??ai?, canoiniaoth/e i?eioeei ?noi?ecio,
aooe caeaoiei caaacia/eoe iaiao?aeiee aeo?aeiee iaoa??ae aeey
a?aeoai?aiiy oe?e?niiai oyaeaiiy i?i eoeueoo?o o??? /e ?ioi? aiioe.

13. Aeey ?ice?eooy aoai?a, cania?a, cia/aiiy aca?iiaieeao eoeueoo?e,
cie?aia ooaeiaeiuei? ia caaaeueiee ?noi?e/iee i?ioean iaia’yceiai ne?ae
canoiniaoaaoe ?noi??ia?ao?/iee aiae?c ia a?oio? ?noi?ecio.

Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aena?oeaii a oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo.

Iiiia?ao??

1. Eo/iaiei A.I. ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ia niaaeueia e?a?i Ac?? oa Ao?eee
a iiaee /an.– E.: ”Noeein”.- 1998. – 319n. – 20 ae?.a?e.

2. Eo/iaiei A.I. Aca?iiaieeae Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo a eiioaeno? ?noi???
eoeueoo?e ?a?iie oa Aia?eee (OO???-OO no.). -E.: Ciaiiy.-1999.-185n. –
10,15ae?.a?e.

Iaa/aeueiee iin?aiee.

3. Eo/iaiei A.I. ?noi??y eoeueoo?e Cao?aeii? ?a?iie ? Aia?eee. – E.:
”Noeein”. – 1997. – 240n. – 15 ae?.a?e.

A?ioo?e oa noaoo?.

4. Eo/iaiei A.I., E?eaeai?anueea A.A. Iniiai? i?iaeaie ?noi???
eoeueoo?e e?a?i Cao?aeii? ?a?iie (OO?-OO???no.).-E.: EAeI?
?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa.-1991.-38n.

5. Eo/iaiei A.I., E?eaeai?anueea A.A. Eoeueoo?a ? ?ae?a?y a
aeooiai?e niaaeuei? ieioeiai.-E.: Ciaiiy.-1999.- N.14-27.

6. Eo/iaiei A.I. Iaoe?iiaeueii – eoeueoo?ia aeeooy a Oe?a?i? (1917 –
1920??.). – E.: Ciaiiy. – 1999. – 20n.

7. Eo/iaiei A.I. Ethaeeia ? i?e?iaea a eoeueoo?? Eeoath (OO? –OO??
no.).- E.:Ciaiiy. – 1999. – 25n.

8. Eo/iaiei A.I. ?ieue i?oo o ?icaeoeo na?oiai? eoeueoo?e.-E.:
Ciaiiy. – 1999.- 28n.

9. Eo/iaiei A.I. ?icaeoie oe?a?inueeiai oaao?aeueiiai ?ooo o 20-30-o
?ieao OO no. (ia i?eeeaae? oai?/ino? E.Eo?aana).-E.:Ciaiiy.- 1999.- 28n.

10. Eo/iaiei A.I. Ia?iaeia ii?iioai?/?noue ye neeaaeiaa ii?aeueii?
eoeueoo?e Oe?a?ie O?O no. – E.:Ciaiiy.-1999.-19n.

11. Eo/iaiei A.I. Aei i?iaeaie i?ei?oeao a ia?acioai?/iio ienoaoeoa?
Iiaiai ? Iia?oiueiai /ano.- E.: Ciaiiy. – 1999 .- 22n.

12. Eo/iaiei A.I. I?aeaeuaiiy iaoa??aeueiiai aeia?iaooo oa
eoeueoo?iiai ??aiy o?oae?aiee?a aieaa?nueeiai naea ia aoai?
aoae?aieoeoaa ?icaeiooiai nioe?ae?noe/iiai noni?euenoaa // ?noi?e/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy. ?noi??y ca?oa?aeieo e?a?i.: ?anioae?eainueeee
i?aea?aeii/ee ca??iee. – E.: Iaoeiaa aeoiea, 1983. – Aei.9. – N.39 –46.

13. Ia?oeiaiei A.E., Eo/iaiei A.I. C ?noi??? ?icaeoeo ?noi??ia?ao??
a a?aoi?e e?a?i?. // Oe?a?inueeee ?noi?e/iee aeo?iae.- E.:Iaoeiaa
aeoiea, 1985. – N.147-148.

14. Eo/iaiei A.I. Aeaye? i?iaeaie aeooiaieo oaeoi??a a
?noi???.//Iaoeia? caienee.-O.2.Eoeueoa?a.-E.:?ioi?iaoe?eii-aeaeaaie/ee
Oeaio? “Noeein”.-1997.- N.60-71.

15. Eo/iaiei A.I. Eieaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy oa iaoe?iiaeueia ?noi??y:
i?iaeaia neioaco.//Iaoeia? caienee.-O.3.?noi?e/i?
nooae??.-E.:Aeaeaaie/ee ae?i “EI Anademia”.-1998.-N.134-136.

16. Eo/iaiei A.I. Aoaeeiie a yeiio i?iaeeaaa O.Aiaea?n.E?iaoeue O?O
no. Iai’yoea ?noi??? (ca iaoa??aeaie caiaeo iai’yoie ?noi??? eoeueoo?e
i.Ee?aa).//Iai’yoee Ee?aa.Ioo?aiee.-E.,1998.-N.107.

17. Eo/iaiei A.I. Aeoiaia ?ieue aeooiaii? ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ii?
niaaeueie.//Niaoe?ae?caoe?y iniaenoino?:I?aeeaoaae?aeueiee ca??iee
iaoeiaeo noaoae./Ca caa.?aae.A.E.Eainueei?.-E.:IIO.-1998.-N.143-150.

18. Eo/iaiei A.I., Eo/iaiei I.A. Aaoa – i?ia?niee no/anii?
iaoee.//Iaoeia? caienee: Ca??iee iaoeiaeo noaoae IIO
?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa.- E.:IIO.-1998.-Aei.4.-N.190-203.

19. Eo/iaiei A.I. Iaaeaaia?/ia ae?yeuei?noue E.Eo?aana.//Ca??iee
iaoeiaeo i?aoeue IIO ?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa.-E.:?CII.-1998.-*.??.-N.84-89.

20. Eo/iaiei A.I. ?noi??ia?ao?y OO noie?ooy i?i ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?i?
i?ioeane e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo.//Iaoeia? caienee:Ca??iee iaoeiaeo
noaoae IIO ?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa.-E.:IIO.-1999.-*.??.-N.260-266.

21. Eo/iaiei A.I. Ca?ae iai’yoie ?noi??? oa eoeueoo?e Oe?a?ie:
Ee?a.- Ei.1,/ano.1,A-E.-E.:Aieiaia ?aaeaeoe?y Caiaeo iai’yoie ?noi??? oa
eoeueoo?e Oe?a?ie i?e aeae-a? Oe?a?inueea Aioeeeeiiaae?y ?i.Ieeiee
Aaaeaia,1999.-N.209,304,446.

22. Eo/iaiei Y.I. I.A.E?iiioeei – enoi?ee o?aioeocneie ao?aeoaciie
?aaiethoeee OOO aaea.// Iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii i?iaeaia Aaeeeay
o?aioeocneay ?aaiethoeey – auaeathuaany niauoea anaie?iie enoi?ee OO???
aaea. – E.: EAIE,1989.- N.11 – 14.

23. Eo/iaiei A.I., Aeaenaiae?a I.O. Iaoiaee/i? ii?aaee aeey
nooaeaio?a aei niaoenai?ia?o c i?iaeai aoa?noe/iiai aeoiaaiiy o/i?a o
i?ioean? aea/aiiy ?noi??? noa?iaeaaiueiai Noiaeo.// Iaoiaee/i? aeac?aee
aei i?aeaioiaee ? ioi?ieaiiy ?ia?o, ui iiaeathoueny ia eiieo?ne
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? iieiae? aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a.-E.:EAeI?
?i.I.I.Ai?ueeiai.-1990.-N.10-13.

24. Eo/iaiei A.I. Caaaeaiiy aeey naiino?eii? ?iaioe c ?noi??? iiaiai
/ano e?a?i ?a?iie oa Aia?eee (? ia??iae).//Iaoiaee/i? aeac?aee aeey
nooaeaio?a ?noi?e/iiai oaeoeueoo.- E.:EAeI?.-1991.-54n.

25. Eo/iaiei A.I. I?iaeaie iaoe?iiaeueii – aecaieueii? ai?ioueae a
Eaoeinuee?e Aia?eoe? (1810-1826??.) o i?aoeyo a?o/eciyieo
?noi?ee?a.//Iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? c i?iaeaie 500-??//y a?aee?eooy
Aia?eee O.Eieoiaii.-E.,EAeI? ?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa.-1992.-N.12-23.

26. Eo/iaiei A.I.Iie?oeea Aaeeeia?eoai?? o i?ioean? iiae?eo aa?oiuei?
Neeac?? (1920-aeiaoaiue 1921??.).// Iaoa??aee i?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai?
eiioa?aioe?? “Ia?oa na?oiaa a?eia ? neia’yinuee? ia?iaee”. –IIO
?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa. –E.,1998. – N.230-235.

27. Eo/iaiei A.I. Aeei?enoaiiy oaoenonueeith I?ia//eiith aeiiii?/iiai
iioaioe?aeo Aieaa???//Iaoa??aee i?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai? eiioa?aioe??
“50-??//y ia?aiiae iaae oaoeciii: iane?aeee oa o?iee”.-OAeI?
?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa.-E.,1995.-N.22-26.

Iaoa??aee ? oace iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?e

28. Eo/iaiei Y.I. Niaaoneay enoi?eia?aoey niaaonei-aieaa?neiai
nio?oaeie/anoaa a iaeanoe naeueneiai oicyenoaa.//Oceiaua aii?inu
niaaoneiai neaayiiaaaeaiey.Oacenu aeieeaaeia e niiauaiee 1O ananithciie
iao/iie eiioa?aioeee enoi?eei-neaaenoia/.-Oaeai?iae,1982.-N.356.

29. Eo/iaiei A.I. Aea/aiiy a eo?n? iiai? ?noi??? oaie “E?oa?aoo?a ?
ienoaoeoai a OOI-O?O no.no.”.//Iaoeiai-iaaeaaia?/i? i?iaeaie i?aeaioiaee
a/eoaey o AOC?: Iaoa??aee i?aeaoc?anueei? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii?
eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/aii? 70-??//. EAeI? ?i.Ai?ueeiai.- E.:EAeI?,1991. –
N.212-213.

30. Eo/iaiei A.I., Iaeue/aiei I.?. Aoiai?noe/i? ?aea? o oai?/ino?
I.E.?a??oa.// Iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? c i?iaeaie 500-??//y a?aee?eooy
Aia?eee O.Eieoiaii.-E.:EAeI? ?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa.-1992.-N.45-46.

31. Eo/iaiei A.I. I?iaeaia aiiaia?oecio o a?o/eciyi?e ?noi?e/i?e
iaooe?.//Iaoeia? caienee. Iaoa??aee ca?oii? iaoeiai? eiioa?aioe??
aeeeaaea/?a EAeI? ?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa ca 1991?.-E.:EAeI?,1992.-N.377.

32. Eo/iaiei A.I. A?aeia?aaeaiiy aeooiaiino? o eoeueoo?iiio
?noi?e/iiio ieioeiio oa oi?ioaaiiy ethaeeie iaeaooiueiai. // Iaoeia?
caieneee: Iaoa??aee iaoeiai? eiioa?aioe?? OAeIO
?i.I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa.-E.:EAeIO,1993. – N.234-235.

33. Eo/iaiei A.I. Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie aaiace eoeueoo?e a iiaee
/an.//Iaoeia? caienee: Iaoa??aee ca?oii-iaoeiai? i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??
aeeeaaea/?a OAeIO ?i.Ae?aaiiaiiaa.-E.,1993. – N.423-424.

34. Eo/iaiei A.I. Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo eoeueoo?e a
oeea?e?caoe?eiiio i?ioean?.// Iaoeiaa eiioa?aioe?y IaOEIA “Oe?a?ia:
ethaeeia, noni?euenoai, i?e?iaea”.-E.,1995. – N.11-12.

35. Eo/iaiei A.I. Oeea?e?caoe?y, eoeueoo?a, ?ae?a?y. //Iaoeiaa
eiioa?aioe?y IaOEIA: “Oe?a?ia: ethaeeia, noni?euenoai,
i?e?iaea”.-E.,1996. – N.36-37.

36. Eo/iaiei A.I. I?iaeaia iaioaeueiino? a no/ani?e ?noi??ia?ao??.//
Iaoeiaa eiioa?aioe?y IaOEIA: “Oe?a?ia: ethaeeia, noni?euenoai, i?e?iaea”
i?enay/aia 400-??/ieoe? ia?iaeaeaiiy ? 350-e ??/ieoe? nia?o? Iao?a
Iiaeee. –E.,1997. – N.55-57.

37. Eo/iaiei A.I. ?aii? ao?aeoaci? ?aaiethoe?? oa no/ania ?noi?e/ia
aeoiea // Iaoeiaa eiioa?aioe?y IaOEIA: “Oe?a?ia:ethaeeia, noni?euenoai,
i?e?iaea”.-E.,1998.-N.16-18.

Aiioaoe?y

Eo/iaiei A.I. Aca?iiaieeae ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a Caoiaeo ?
Noiaeo a OOO-OO no. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a ?noi?e/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 17.00.01. – oai??y oa ?noi??y eoeueoo?e. –
Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa. –
Ee?a,1999.

Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ?noi??inionueeee ae?aeia c ieoaiue
aca?iiaieeao ?noi?e/ieo, eoeueoo?ieo, cie?aia ooaeiaei?o, i?ioean?a
Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo ia i?eeeaaeao ?noi??ia?ao?/iiai aiae?co iaoeiai? aeoiee
c o?aooaaiiyi i?eioeeio ?noi?ecio.

O?iiieia?/i? ?aiee aeine?aeaeaiiy ioiieththoue iiaee /an – OO??? –
OOno. – ia??iae, i?aeaioiaeaiee ?aianainii oa ?aoi?iaoe??th. I?ae
aieeaii ciai?oiueiai oaeoi?o ia Noiae? noai?th?oueny oae caaia “o?aoeiia
iiaeaeue”. O?aaeeoe?eiee iaioae?oao ethaeeie ia Noiae? ci?ith?oueny, ui
ia iiaei ia a?aeaeoeny ia eoeueoo??.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – ?icaeyiooe, ye noaaeeanue ? ae??ooaaeanue
i?iaeaia ae?aeiao eoeueoo? Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo iaoeiaith aeoieith OOO-OO
no., a oaeiae, aecia/eoe iaoiaeieia?/i? oa iaoiaee/i? iniaeeaino?
aea/aiiy eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a ?c o?aooaaiiyi ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e
e?a?i Caoiaeo ? Noiaeo; ?ic?iaeoe eiioeaioe?th aeine?aeaeaiiy
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioean?a.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeeaaeai? o iiiia?ao?yo, iaa/aeueiiio
iin?aieeo, iaoiaee/ieo ?ic?iaeao, aaoi?nueeeo noaooyo oa iaae?oeiaaieo
iaoa??aeao, oacao aenooi?a ia iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: eoeueoo?a, o?aaeeoe?eii-iiaooiaa eoeueoo?a, ae?aeia
eoeueoo?, eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iee oei, oeea?e?caoe?y, neioac eoeueoo?,
iaioaeuei?noue, i?eioeei ?noi?ecio, oeie eoeueoo?, no?oeoo?ii –
nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae, eiiieaeniee iaoiae, ia??iaee, ooaeiaeiy,
iaoa??aeueia, aeooiaia eoeueoo?a, Cao?ae, No?ae, ?noi??ia?ao?y,
o?iiieia?y, eoeueoo?ii – ?noi?e/iee i?ioean.

Aiiioaoeey

Eo/iaiei Y.I. Acaeiiaeeyiea enoi?eei – eoeueoo?iuo i?ioeannia
Caiaaea e Ainoiea a OOO-OO a. (ia i?eia?a ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u). –
?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie aeieoi?a enoi?e/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 17.00.01. – oai?ey e enoi?ey eoeueoo?u. –
Iaoeeiiaeueiue iaaeaaiae/aneee oieaa?neoao ei. I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa. – Eeaa,
1999.

Iauaeoii enneaaeiaaiey anoue enoi?einioneee aeeaeia ii aii?inai
acaeiiaeeyiey enoi?e/aneeo eoeueoo?iuo i?ioeannia Caiaaea e Ainoiea ia
i?eia?ao enoi?eia?aoe/aneiai aiaeeca iao/iie iunee n o/aoii i?eioeeia
enoi?ecia e n i?eaea/aieai ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u.

O?iiieiae/aneea ?aiee enneaaeiaaiey ioaaouaatho iiaia a?aiy –
OOO-OO a. – ia?eiae, eioi?ue aue iiaeaioiaeaiiue ?aiannainii e
?aoi?iaoeeae. Iiae aeeyieai aiaoiaai oaeoi?a ia Ainoiea nicaeaaony oae
iacuaaaiay “o?aoe/iay iiaeaeue”. O?aaeeoeeiiiue iaioaeeoao /aeiaaea ia
Ainoiea eciaiyaony, /oi ia iiaei ia ioia?aceoueny ia eoeueoo?a.

Oeaeue enneaaeiaaiey – ?anniio?aoue, eae noaaeeanue e ?ac?aoaeanue
i?iaeaia aeeaeiaa eoeueoo? Caiaaea e Ainoiea iao/iie iuneueth OOO-OO a.,
a oaeaea, ii?aaeaeea iaoiaeieiae/aneea e iaoiaee/aneea iniaaiiinoe
eco/aiey ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo eoeueoo? Caiaaea e Ainoiea, ?ac?aaioaoue
eiioeaioe?th ?nneaaeiaaiey ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo i?ioeania.

?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiey eceiaeaiu a iiiia?aoee, o/aaiii iiniaee,
iaoiaee/aneeo ?ac?aaioeao, aaoi?neeo noaoueyo e iioaeeeiaaiiuo
iaoa?eaeao, oacenao aunooieaiee ia iao/iuo eiioa?aioeeyo.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: eoeueoo?a, o?aaeeoeeiiii-auoiaay eoeueoo?a, aeeaeia
eoeueoo?, eoeueoo?ii-enoi?e/aneee oei, oeeaeeecaoeey, neioac eoeueoo?,
iaioaeueiinoue, i?eioeei enoi?ecia, eiiieaeniee iaoiae, ia?eiaeu, oeiu
eoeueoo?,eoeueoo?ii-enoi?e/aneee i?ioeann, no?oeoo?ii-nenoaiiue
iiaeoiae, ooaeiaeanoaaiiay, iaoa?eaeueiay, aeooiaiay eoeueoo?a, Caiaae,
Ainoie, enoi?eia?aoey, o?iiieiaey.

Annotation

Kuchmenko E.N. The mutual influences of historical and cultural
processes of West and East in XVIII – XX centuries (based on the
artistic culture ).- Manuscript.

Dissertation for Doctor’s Degree of History by speciality 17.00.01.
– Theory and History of Culture.- National Teacher’s Training University
named after M.P.Dragomanov.- Kiev, 1999.

The problem of formation of history of culture as a branch of
historical science is very topical today because of the ideological,
political and educational moment is dominant, meaning of their is
increased and the problems of history of culture have the separate place
in it.

The questions about the cultural and historical type, the treatment
of content of this idea are refered to numbers of top-priority
theoretical problems of history of world’s culture.

The discussion of methodological basis of history of culture as a
one of branch of historical knowledge allow us to determine the object
of history of culture: the history of culture studies the human activity
in its integrality and system and aim at establishment of bonds between
all branches of culture and regularity of their totality.

The problems of mutual influence and mutual connection in the
present dissertation are investigated. The influence of culture on the
modern condition of humanity is proved.

The present dissertation demonstrates that the culture is the main
component of historical process.

The object of the historiosophical dialogue about questions of
mutual influence of historical and cultural processes of East and West
based on the historiographical analysis of scientific intention with
calculation of principle of historism with attraction of artistic
culture.

The chronological frames of investigation are embraced the modern
time –

XVIII-XX centuries – the period, which had prepared by the Renaissance
and the Reformation, the original mental and cultural center of
development of capitalism.

The specific of Reformation culture encloses in connection of
features of the Middle Ages and Modern Time, reflects the complicated
synthesis of political, religious and intellectual collision. The “
tertiary model” under the influence of external factor in the East is
created. It is the many-ways society, which connects the traditional
agrarian structures and capitalistic forms in the infrastructure. The
traditional mentalitet of individual in East in consequence of attempt
to adapt for new bourgeois conditions is replaced. It couldn’t reflect
in culture.

The period of Modern Time couldn’t refer only to history of
countries of West. As well the eastern world couldn’t view separately
from dynamic development of capitalistic West. The Modern history of
East must perceive as an epoch of profound interaction of western,
African and Asian worlds in consequence of colonial synthesis,
transformation of East into the composite part of capitalistic economy.

The aim of investigation is consideration how the problem of
dialogue of cultures of East and West by scientific thought of XVIII-XX
centuries had been put and viewed, and also to determine methodical and
methological peculiarities of study the artistic cultures of two
regions, to add it by modern views, to prove new approaches of modern
scientific view in the definition of possibilities and meaning of
further development of mutual cultural contacts, processes of West and
East.

The present dissertation accents that in the basis of study of
history of culture, not depending on its specific, must be the learning
about social and economic stages of development of humanity.

The core of historical type of culture is corresponding its type of
personality and one of the important outward manifestations of system
unity of individual components of culture – its style.

The theoretical construction of model of historical type of culture
is determined the assignments of historical and cultural modeling. This,
to our mind, is the initial boundary and it must help to researcher with
qualification of stages of culture.

The main basis of development of common human civilizational
processes is the cultural and historical heritage of different countries
of East and West, which has the same features of development. These
features are followed up during the analysis of periods and
peculiarities of Renaissance in West and East .

In the concrete local or thematic investigations the criterion of
selection of objects of study must be progression of technical,
literary or artistic direction with calculation of possible and
inevitable into the antagonistic stages of development, dialectical
passage to standstill and regeneration.

The presentation about world’s contacts as a objective historical
processes gives the assurance that they will be characteristic feature
of our epoch, will develop in future and make the influence on culture,
which will increase, and enrich the modern international attitudes by
mental principles.

The results of investigation are presented in monograph, educational
textbook, methodical workings, author’s articles and publications,
thesises of appearances at different scientific conferences.

Key words: culture, the dialogue of cultures, the comparative
method, the complex method, types of cultures, periods, historiography,
the principle of historicism, chronology, the structural and
systematical approach, artistic, material, mental culture, traditional
and common culture, the West, the East, cultural and historical type,
civilization, mentalitet, cultural and historical process, synthesis of
cultures.

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