.

Взаємозв’язок поляризації та об’ємного заряду в напівкристалічних та аморфних плівках органічних активних діелектриків: Автореф. дис… канд. фіз.-мат

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IAeANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO ?i. ?.?. Ia/i?eiaa

Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno

N e ? o a ? ? a i ? N a i a i i a e /

OAeE 621.319.2:678

ACA?IICA’ssCIE IIEss?ECAOe?? OA IA’?IIIAI CA?ssAeO A IAI?AE?ENOAE?*IEO
OA AII?OIEO IE?AEAO I?AAI?*IEO AEOEAIEO Ae?AEAEO?EE?A

01.04.10 – o?ceea iai?ai?ia?aeiee?a oa ae?aeaeo?ee?a

A A O I ? A O A ? A O

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa

o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe

Iaeana – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iaeanuee?e aea?aeaai?e aeaaeai?? oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? o?ceei – iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Na?a??aa Ieaenaiae?a ?aaai?aia,
Iaeanueea

aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y
oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e,

caa?aeoth/a eaoaae?ith o?ceee

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: – aeieoi? o?ceei – iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Eo?iaoia Oai?eue Aeaeaiaoiae/,
Iaeanueeee

aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao;

– aeieoi? o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo
iaoe, i?ioani?

Ae?icaeia Aaeaioei
Ieaen?eiae/, Iaeanueeee

?inoeooo nooiiooieo
a?enuee, caa?aeoth/ee

eaoaae?ith o?ceee ? o?i??.

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – ?inoeooo o?ceee iai?ai?ia?aeiee?a IAI Oe?a?ie, i.
Ee?a

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “12” aeiaoiy
1999?. i 1400 aiaeei?

ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 41.051.01 a Iaeanueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio

oi?aa?neoao? ?i. ?.?. Ia/ieeiaa ca aae?anith: 270026, i. Iaeana,
aoe.Aeai?yinueea,2.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? IAeO.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 4 ” aa?aniy 1999?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,

eaiae. o?c.-iao. iaoe, aeioeaio
I.I.Oaae/oe

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie. Ia aeaiee /an aenia?eiaioaeueiei oa
oai?aoe/iei aeine?aeaeaiiyi iiey?eciaaiiai noaio oa i?ioean?a
aeaeo?e/ii? ?aeaenaoe??, ca’ycaieo c ia?aiinii ? iaeiie/aiiyi ca?yae?a o
i?aai?/ieo ae?aeaeo?eeao, i?eae?ey?oueny cia/ia oaaaa. Iniaeeaa i?noea
na?aae ieo caeiathoue oae? aeoeai? naaiaoiaeaeo?e/i? iaoa??aee, ye
iie?a?i?e?aeaiooi?eae (IAAeO), eiai niiie?ia?e c o?e- oa
oao?aooi?aoeeaiii (I(AAeO-O?OA), I(AAeO-OOA)), a oaeiae niiie?ia?
a?i?e?aeaioe?ai?aeo c a?i?eaoeaoaoii (I(AAeOe-AAoe)). Oe? iaoa??aee
i?eaa?oathoue oaaao aeine?aeiee?a nai?th aenieith i’?ci- oa
i??iaeaeo?e/iith aeoeai?noth, yea ni?eueii c i?ae?anieie iaoai?/ieie
aeanoeainoyie aea?aeii a?ae??ciy? ?o a?ae naaiaoiea?ai?ee.

I?aeaeuaiee ?ioa?an aei i?aai?/ieo naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo iaoa??ae?a
iaoiiaeaiee ua ia aei e?ioey aeei?enoaieie iiaeeeainoyie ?o oe?ieiai
aeei?enoaiiy ye aeoeaieo aeaiaio?a i’?ci- oa i??iaeaeo?e/ieo
ia?aoai?thaa/?a. Aeine?aeaeaiiy iaeiie/aiiy aeaeo?aoieo ca?yae?a a
iai?ae?enoae?/iiio IAAeO oa eiai niiie?ia?ao aeeiiothoueny ia
nueiaiaei?oi?e aeaiue aeineoue ?ioaineaii, aea aaaaoi ieoaiue
eeoathoueny aei oeueiai /ano a?aee?eoeie. Cie?aia, iaia ?aeeii? oi/ee
ci?o uiaei ?ie? ia’?iiiai ca?yaeo a i’?ci- oa i??iaeaeo?eoe?,
aca?iica’yceo i?inoi?iaiai ca?yaeo c iiey?ecaoe??th oa ?o ?aeaenaoe?? a
?cioa?i?/ieo oa oa?iinoeioeueiaaieo oiiaao.

Aii?oiee niiie?ia? I(AAeOe-AAoe) i?aeoe/ii iaei aeine?aeaeaiee ( ca
inoaii? 10 ?ie?a ? aeecueei 20 i?aoeue), oi/a ii??aiyiiy eiai
i’?ciaeaeo?e/ieo aeanoeainoae c aeanoeainoyie ?ioeo iie?ia??a iieaco?,
ui a oeueiio iaoa??ae? ?nio? eiiia?aoeaia aca?iiae?y ia?aieeath/eony
aeeiie?a, a i’?ciaeaeo?e/ia /ooeea?noue eiai aeua, i?ae o an?o a?aeiieo
iie?ia?ieo ae?aeaeo?eeao, a oiio /ene? ? IAAeO.

Aiane?aeie ?aeaenaoe?eieo yaeu /aniaa ? oa?i?/ia noaa?euei?noue
caeeoeiai? iiey?ecaoe?? a i?aai?/ieo naaiaoiaeaeo?eeao ua iaaeinoaoiuei
aaeeea a ii??aiyii? c ea?ai?/ieie iaoa??aeaie. Aeai? i?i oi?ioaaiiy ?
?aeaenaoe?th iiey?eciaaiiai noaio a naaiaoiiie?ia?ao ? o?ea/anoeie oa
noia?a/ieie. ?acii c oei, ?icoi?iiy iaoai?ci?a oi?ioaaiiy iiey?ecaoe??
oa aeaeo?e/ii? ?aeaenaoe?? ? i?eioeeiiai aaaeeeaei, ine?eueee naia oe?
i?ioeane iaoiiaeththoue aaee/eio oa noaa?euei?noue caeeoeiai?
iiey?ecaoe??, a?ae yei? caeaaeaoue i??i- oa i’?cieiao?oe??ioe. Naia oeei
iaoiiaeaia aeooaeuei?noue aea?aii? oaie aeena?oaoe?? oa aeioe?euei?noue
i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue a oeueiio iai?yi?.

Aea?aiee iai?yiie aeine?aeaeaiue ca’ycaiee c oaiaoeeith
aea?aeathaeaeaoieo iaoeiai-aeine?aeieoeueeeo ?ia?o eaoaae?e o?ceee
Iaeanueei? aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e. *anoeio
aeine?aeaeaiue aeeiiaii a ?aieao aeaia?/ieo oaiae i?i iaoeiaa
ni?a?ia?oieoeoai c eaoaae?aie o?ceee Ao?inueeiai Oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
(A?aoe?y) ? Ooooaa?onueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo (I?ia//eia), i?aeia?iaeii?
iaoeiai? ia?aae? ?IOAN “Iie?ia?e oa eiiiiceoe c iniaeeaeie
aeanoeainoyie”, a oaeiae i?iaeo?a UD 3000 oa UD 3200, i?aeo?eiaieo
I?aeia?iaeiei Iaoeiaei Oiiaeii oa O?yaeii Oe?a?ie.

Iaoith aeaii? ?iaioe ? anoaiiaeaiiy iaoai?ci?a oa caeiiii??iinoae
i?ioean?a oi?ioaaiiy iiey?eciaaiiai noaio oa eiai aeaeo?e/ii?
?aeaenaoe?? a ?cioa?i?/ieo oa oa?iinoeioeueiaaieo oiiaao a
iai?ae?enoae?/ieo i?aai?/ieo naaiaoiaeaeo?eeao oeio IAAeO, a oaeiae a
aii?oiiio iie?ia?iiio naaiaoiaeaeo?eeo I(AAeOe-AAoe).

A caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue aoiaeeei:

– aenia?eiaioaeueii aea/eoe e?iaoeeo oi?ioaaiiy iiey?ecaoe?? a
?cioa?i?/ieo oa oa?iinoeioeueiaaieo oiiaao;

– aeyaeoe aieea ia’?iiiai ca?yaeo oa iiey?ecaoe?? ia aeaeo?e/io
?aeaenaoe?th iiey?eciaaieo i?aai?/ieo naaiaoiaeaeo?eeao;

– aea/eoe iniaeeaino? ae?aeaeo?e/ii? ?aeaenaoe?? oa iae?i?eieo
ae?aeaeo?e/ieo aeanoeainoae;

– aeine?aeeoe i?inoi?iaee ?iciiae?e iiey?ecaoe?? oa ??
oa?iinoaa?euei?noue;

– c’ynoaaoe aieea caniao iaianaiiy ca?yae?a (?iaeaeoe??) ia i?ioeane
aeaeo?e/ii? ?aeaenaoe?? oeyoii aiae?co no?oi?a oa?iinoeioeueiaaii?
aeaiiey?ecaoe??;

– i?iaiae?coaaoe ?ieue ?iaeaeoe?? oa ?iciiae?eo ca?yae?a a i?ioeanao
oi?ioaaiiy oa ia?aieiaiiy iiey?ecaoe??.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a ianooiiiio:

– Iaea?aeai? iia? aenia?eiaioaeuei? ?acoeueoaoe i?i oi?ioaaiiy
i?inoi?iaiai ca?yaeo oa iiey?ecaoe?? a i?aai?/ieo naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo
iaoa??aeao a ?cioa?i?/ieo oa oa?iinoeioeueiaaieo oiiaao.

– Aeyaeaiee ?yae iniaeeainoae naaiaoiiie?ia??a, ye? a?ae??ciythoue ?o
a?ae ?ioeo iiey?ieo i?aai?/ieo aeaeo?ao?a: a naia, aiiiaeueia
ca?eueoaiiy noaa?eueiino? aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo oa ciaioaiiy
aoaeoeaii? i?ia?aeiino? i?ae /an oi?ioaaiiy neeueii? caeeoeiai?
iiey?ecaoe??.

– Aia?oa iieacaii, ui ?aeaenaoe?y ia’?iiiai ca?yaeo oa aioo??oiuei?
iiey?ecaoe?? i?ioiaeeoue a naiiocaiaeaeaiiio ?aaeei? a oiiaao aeoaea
ciaioaii? i?ia?aeiino?, i?e/iio ia’?iiee ca?yae a?eueo noaa?eueiee, i?ae
caeeoeiaa iiey?ecaoe?y.

– Aeyaeai? oa nenoaiaoe/ii aea/ai? iaoiaeaie ae?aeaeo?e/ii?
niaeo?ineii?? ?aeaenaoe?ei? i?ioeane a i?aai?/ieo naaiaoiaeaeo?eeao.

– Aia?oa aea/ai? iae?i?ei? ae?aeaeo?e/i? aeanoeaino? aeine?aeaeaieo
naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a oa i?aeoaa?aeaeaii, ui oi/ea Eth?? a IAAeO oa
I(AAeO-OOA) aeecueea aei oi/ee ieaaeaiiy e?enoae?o?a, a oie /an ye a
I(AAeOe-AAoe) aiia o?ioe aeua oaiia?aoo?e neeiaaiiy.

– Aia?oa iieacaii, ui i?inoi?iaa iaiaeii??aei?noue
iiey?ecaoe?? coiiaeaia aieeaii ia’?iiiai ca?yaeo, yeee aeieea? ye
aiane?aeie ?iaeaeoe??, oae ? caaaeyee i?inoi?iaiio ?iciiae?eo aeanieo
iin??a ca?yaeo a ciai?oiueiio aeaeo?e/iiio iie?.

– Aia?oa aeyaeaii yaeua iia?eueiiai ia?a?iciiae?eo ca?yae?a oa
iiey?ecaoe?? a aeine?aeaeoaaieo iaoa??aeao ia aac? aeine?ae?a c
oa?iinoeioeueiaaii? aeaiiey?ecaoe??, yea iieyaa? a ?iciiae?e? c /anii
caeeoeiai? iiey?ecaoe?? ia aea? eiiiiiaioe: iaio noaa?eueio
aeaeo?aoii-aeeiieueio oa a?eueo noaa?eueio – naaiaoiaeaeo?e/io.

– Cai?iiiiiaaia iiaa o?ce/ia iiaeaeue oi?ioaaiiy iiey?ecaoe?? oa
caoiieaiiy ca?yae?a a i?aai?/ieo naaiaoiaeaeo?e/iiio iaoa??ae?.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Ia iniia?
aeeiiaieo aeine?aeaeaiue noi?ioeueiaai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? c ?aaeei?a
aeaeo?ecaoe?? naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo iie?ia?ieo iaoa??ae?a aeey noai?aiiy
aenieiye?nieo aeaeo?iaeonoe/ieo, i’?ci- oa i??iaeaeo?e/ieo
ia?aoai?thaa/?a. Aeeiiai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aiinyoue aianie a ?icaeoie
oyaeaiue i?i iaoai?cie ?cioa?i?/ieo oa oa?iinoeioeueiaaieo i?ioean?a
oi?ioaaiiy iiey?ecaoe?? oa aeaeo?e/ii? ?aeaenaoe?? a i?aai?/ieo aeoeaieo
ae?aeaeo?eeao. Aeiaaaeai? a ?iaio? iieiaeaiiy i?i aca?iica’ycie
caeeoeiai? iiey?ecaoe?? c ia’?iiei ca?yaeii iiaeooue aooe iioe?ai? ? ia
?io? i?aai?/i? ae?aeaeo?eee, ye? oyaeythoue ?ioa?an aeey oaoi?ee.

Iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno.

1. Oi?ioaaiiy iiey?eciaaiiai noaio a aeoeaieo i?aai?/ieo ae?aeaeo?eeao
noi?iaiaeaeothoueny caoiieaiiyi ?iaeaeoiaaieo iin??a ca?yaeo ia iaaeao
iiey?eciaaieo iaeanoae. Caoiieaiee ca?yae noaa?e?co? iiey?ecaoe?th,
eiiiainoth/e eieaeuei? aeaiiey?ecoth/? iiey.

2. I?e aeaeo?ecaoe?? i?aai?/ieo naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a a ei?iiiiio ?ic?yae?
aeieea? iaiaeii??aeiee ?iciiae?e iiey?ecaoe??.

3. A i?ioean? aeaeo?ecaoe?? oi?io?oueny eaac?noaoe?iia?ia nenoaia c
aeaio aeae?a ca?yae?a (aioo??oiy iiey?ecaoe?y ? ia’?iiee ca?yae),
aca?iiee aieea yeeo i?iyaey?oueny a ??ceiio oiia?eueiaii? i?ioean?a
aeaeo?e/ii? ?aeaenaoe??.

4. Noaa?euei?noue caeeoeiai? iiey?ecaoe?? caeaaeeoue a?ae aia?a??
ca’yceo caoiieaieo ca?yae?a, ye? eiiiainothoue aeaiiey?ecoth/a iiea.

5. A i?ioean? caa??aaiiy aeaeo?eciaaieo c?ace?a a?aeaoaa?oueny
?icae?eaiiy caeeoeiai? iiey?ecaoe?? ia aea? eiiiiiaioe: aeeiieueio ?
naaiaoiaeaeo?e/io, ye? noaa?e?cothoueny caoiieaiei ia iaaeao
iiey?eciaaieo iaeanoae ia’?iiei ca?yaeii.

Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a aeena?oaoe?? iieyaa? a oiio, ui a?i a?aa
o/anoue a noai?aii? onoaiiaee aeey aei??thaaiue ia?aiao??a iiey?ecaoe??
oa aeaeo?e/ii? ?aeaenaoe?? aeoeaieo i?aai?/ieo ae?aeaeo?ee?a a
?cioa?i?/ieo oa oa?iinoeioeueiaaieo oiiaao, aeeiioaaa an? aeine?aee,
?ic?aoiaoaaa oa aiae?coaaa ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo. A
noaooyo, iaienaieo a ni?aaaoi?noa?, aaoi?o iaeaaeeoue aeaioiaeaiiy
c?ace?a ie?aie I(AAeOe-AAoe), ?acoeueoaoe aei??thaaiue oi?ioaaiiy oa
?aeaenaoe?? aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo a ?cioa?i?/ieo oiiaao, ciyooy
aieueo-aiia?ieo oa?aeoa?enoee ie?aie I(AAeOe-AAoe), aei??thaaiiy no?oi?a
ONAe oa ONI. A?i a?aa o/anoue a ?ic?iaoe? o?ce/ii? iiaeae? i?ioean?a
oi?ioaaiiy iiey?ecaoe?? a naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo iie?ia?ao, a oaeiae a ?o
?aae?caoe?? i?e ia?iaoe? aeaieo.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe
aeiiia?aeaeenue oa iaaiai?thaaeenue ia 55-e, 56-e, 57-e oa 58-e iaoeiaeo
eiioa?aioe?yo IAeAOO ( Iaeana, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 ?iee); O?O
I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? ii o?ceoe? eiiaeainiaaieo noai?a (A?acee?y,
Nai Iaoei, 1996 ?.); ?V Neiiic?oi? ii iie?ia?ai (A?aoe?y, 1997 ?.);
I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “Ae?aeaeo?eee” (?in?y, N.-Iaoa?ao?a, 1997
?.).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 12 i?aoeue.

No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, /ioe?ueio
?icae?e?a, caaaeueieo aeniiae?a ? aeiaeaoea. ?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia 122
noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, i?noeoue 90 ?ethno?aoe?e, 15 oaaeeoeue,
1 aeiaeaoie. Nienie oeeoiaaii? e?oa?aoo?e neeaaea?oueny c 186
iaeiaioaaiue.

Ci?no ?iaioe

O anooi? iaaiai?th?oueny aeooaeuei?noue aea?aii? oaie, aecia/a?oueny
iaoa ?iaioe oa caaea/?, ye? noiyoue aeey aeinyaiaiiy iaoe,
iaa?oioiao?oueny iaoeiaa oa i?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe, oi?ioeththoueny
iniiai? iieiaeaiiy oa ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue.

Ia?oee ?icae?e ? iaeyaeii e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaieo. A iueiio
?icaeyaeathoueny ??ci? iaoai?cie oi?ioaaiiy aeaeo?aoiiai noaio.
Aeieeaaeii aiae?cothoueny ?nioth/? oyaeaiiy i?i i?e?iaeo aaoa?i – ?
aiiica?yaea, i?i aeaeo?ii?ia?aei?noue iie?ia??a, a oaeiae no/ani?
oyaeaiiy i?i i??i- oa i’?ciaeaeo?e/iee aoaeo a iie?ia?ao.

?icaeyioaoe iaeiie/aiee a e?oa?aoo?? aenia?eiaioaeueiee oa oai?aoe/iee
iaoa??ae, ie i?eeoee aei aeniiaeo, ui iin?? ca?yae?a, ye? aa?ooue
o/anoue o oi?ioaaii? ?iaeaeoiaaieo ca?yae?a i?e aeaeo?ecaoe?? iie?ia?ieo
c?ace?a a ??cieo oiiaao (?iaeaeoe?y c iaoaeaaeo ? ??aeeeo aeaeo?iae?a,
ca?yaeea a ei?iiiiio ?ic?yae? ? aeaeo?iiiei io/eii) ??cieie aaoi?aie
ioioiaeiththoueny aai c aeaeo?iiaie, aai c ?iiaie. Iaaeinoaoiuei ynii,
yeee aieea ieacothoue iiey?ecaoe?ei? i?ioeane, ye? i?io?eathoue o
aioo??oiueiio iie? aeaeo?aoo, ia oaeaee?noue niaaeo ?iaeaeoiaaieo
ca?yae?a. ?, ia?aoo?, a e?oa?aoo?? aeoaea iaei a?aeiiinoae i?i
aeaeo?io?ce/i? aeanoeaino?, oi?ioaaiiy ? ?aeaenaoe?th iiey?eciaaiiai
noaio oaeiai naaiaoiiie?ia?o, ye aii?oiee niiie?ia? a?i?e?aeaioe?ai?aea
c a?i?eaoeaoaoii (I(AAeOe-AAoe)). Ana oea iio?aao? iiaeaeueoeo
aeine?aeaeaiue, iaoith yeeo ? aeyaeaiiy iaoai?ci?a oi?ioaaiiy ?
?aeaenaoe?? iiey?eciaaiiai noaio a naaiaoiiie?ia?ao oeia IAAeO, a oaeiae
a I(AAeOe-AAoe)).

A ae?oaiio ?icae?e? iienothoueny ia’?eoe oa iaoiaee
aeine?aeaeaiue. Ia’?eoaie aeine?aeaeaiue ia?ai? ie?aeia? iie?ia?i?
naaiaoiaeaeo?eee ??cii? o?i?/ii? iiaoaeiae ? no?oeoo?e: iai?ae?enoae?/i?
ie?aee IAAeO oa eiai niiie?ia?a c oao?aooi?aoeeaiii I(AAeO-OOA)
oiaueiith 20…50 iei, ? aii?oiee niiie?ia? a?i?e?aeaioe?ai?aea c
a?i?eaoeaoaoii I(AAeOe-AAoe) oiaueiith 20…30 iei. ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiue ?*-niaeo??a iieacaee, ui ai?no naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ii? -oace
a IAAeO noaiiaea (43 3)%, a a niiie?ia?? I(AAeO-OOA) – (96 3)%. Oaeiae
iaoiaeii ?* – niaeo??a aoea aecia/aia no?oeoo?a aii?oiiai I(AAeOe-AAoe).

Aeaeo?iaee ae?aiao?ii 1 ni ? oiaueiith 0,1 iei ye? aoee iaianai? ia
iaeio, aai ia aea? iiaa?oi? c?ace?a oa?i?/iei ?icieeaiiyi aethi?i?y o
aaeooi?. Iiey?ecaoe?th c?ace?a i?iaiaeeee oaeeie caniaaie: ca?yaeea a
iaaaoeaiiio oa iiceoeaiiio ei?iiiiio ?ic?yae? ii o??iaei?e noai? i?e
e?iiaoi?e oaiia?aoo??, oa i?e oa?iinoeioeueiaaieo oiiaao,
oa?iiaeaeo?aoiei iaoiaeii, aeaeo?iiiei io/eii, iaoiaeii neeueiiai iiey
oa /a?ac neei.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy ?cioa?i?/ii? oa oa?iinoeioeueiaaii?
aeaeo?ecaoe??, a oaeiae e?iaoeee niaaeo aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo ie?aie
naaiaoiiie?ia??a aoee aeeiiai? ia neiino?oeiaai?e niaoe?ae?ciaai?e
onoaiiaoe? ei?iiiiai ?ic?yaeo. Ei?iiiee ?ic?yae caoaeaeoaaany
caaino?aiei aieueo?aiiaei aeaeo?iaeii, ia yeee c aaoiiaoe/ii
?aaoeueiaaiiai aenieiaieueoiiai aei?yioaa/a iiaeaaaeany iai?oaa
iiceoeaii? aai iaaaoeaii? iiey?iino?. A eiei iai?ioiueiai ca’yceo
aenieiaieueoiiai aei?yioaa/a iaaeoiaeea neaiae, i?iii?oe?eiee noae?e
neeaaeiai? ca?yaeiiai no?oio.

Eiia?iaoe?y aeaio iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaeo?ao?a – aea/aiiy
e?iaoeee niaaeo aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo oa eiai ci?ie o ?aaeei?
o?aeoe?eii? aeaeo?ecaoe?? i?eaaea aei ?ic?iaee iiaiai iaoiaea
o?aeoe?eii? aeaeo?ecaoe?? o ei?iiiiio ?ic?yae? i?yiieooieie ?iioeuenaie
no?oio. A iaaeao eiaeii? o?aeoe?? aoea ae?eyiea ?inoo aeaeo?aoiiai
iioaioe?aeo ? ae?eyiea niaaeo iioaioe?aeo a i?ii?aeeao i?ae ?iioeuenaie.

?ic?iaeaia a ?iaio? iaoiaeeea aea/aiiy ae?aeaeo?e/iiai
a?noa?aceno o naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo iie?ia?ao aeicaieeea iaea?aeaoe
caeaaei?noue ?(A) ia ?io?aiecueeeo /anoioao ia i?aenoaa? e?iaoee
aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo i?ae /an ia?aeiii? oa iiaoi?ii? aeaeo?ecaoe??,
a oaeiae ia?aieiaiiy iiey?ecaoe?? i?e noae?e aonoei? ca?yaeiiai no?oio.

No?oie oa?iinoeioeueiaaii? aeaiiey?ecaoe?? (ONAe) i?e e?i?eiiio
i?aeaeuaii? oaiia?aoo?e aei??thaaeeny i?e iayaiino? ae?aeaeo?e/ii?
anoaaee i?ae aei??thaaeueiei aeaeo?iaeii oa ca?yaeaeaiith iiaa?oiath
ie?aee, a oaeiae c eiioaeooth/eie aeaeo?iaeaie.

Aeey aea/aiiy aeeiai?ee ?iciiae?eo iiey?ecaoe?? oa ia’?iiiai ca?yaeo
acaeiaae oiaueie ie?aee aeei?enoiaoaaany iaoiae noiaeeiee oeneo, yea
aaia?oaaeany i’?ciaeaeo?e/ii (IANO).

A o?aoueiio ?icae?e? i?eaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo
uiaei ?cioa?i?/ieo i?ioean?a oi?ioaaiiy oa ?aeaenaoe?? iiey?eciaaiiai
noaio o naaiaoiiie?ia?ao. C e?iaoeee c?inoaiiy aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo
ie?aie IAAeO ? eiai niiie?ia??a i?e noaeiio ca?yaeiiio no?oi? oa a
?aaeei? o?aeoe?eii? aeaeo?ecaoe?? aoei aeyaeaii, ui oi?ioaaiiy
iiey?eciaaiiai noaio i?ioiaeeoue o?e noaae??, i?e/iio a ii/aoeia?e
noaae?? aeaeo?ecaoe?? ia?aaaaea? ?ii?nia neeaaeiaa no?oio, a ae?oa?e
noaae?? aeii?io? iiey?ecaoe?eiee no?oi, a a o?ao?e – no?oi i?ia?aeiino?.

Aeae?eueeiia iacaeaaeieie iaoiaeaie aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui a
i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy neeueii? iiey?ecaoe?? a?aeaoaa?oueny iaiai?ioia
ciaioaiiy aoaeoeaii? i?ia?aeiino? aiane?aeie aeeaieiai caoiieaiiy iin??a
ca?yaeo ia oeiaethaa/?. I?i oea na?ae/eoue, cie?aia, – N – iiae?aiee
aeaeyae eaac?noaoe?iia?ieo aieueo-aiia?ieo oa?aeoa?enoee (AAO) c
ae?eyieith iaaaoeaiiai aeeoa?aioe?aeueiiai iii?o, yea cieea? i?e
iiaoi?i?e ca?yaeoe?, oa aiiiaeueiee oa?aeoa? caeaaeiino? aani?aoe?eieo
no?oi?a a?ae iai?oae aeey ie?aie IAAeO ? I(AAeO-OOA). Iaea?eueoee
aani?aoe?eiee no?oi niinoa??aa?oueny a ae?aiacii? iie?a, ye?
a?aeiia?aeathoue ae?eyioe? niaaeo no?oio ia AAO.

Aiiiae?y a ae?aiacii? iie?a 40-70 IA/i iiynith?oueny
?ioaineaiei oi?ioaaiiyi naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ii? iiey?ecaoe??, a oaeiae oei,
ui ?iaeaeoiaaiee ca?yae aeo?a/a?oueny ia eieaeueio eiiiainaoe?th
aeaiiey?ecoth/iai iiey. Naia caoiieaiiy ca?yae?a i?ecaiaeeoue aei
ciaioaiiy i?ia?aeiino?.

I?e aeaeo?ecaoe?? ie?aie I(AAeOe-AAoe) i?e e?iiaoi?e oaiia?aoo??
iiey?ecaoe?y ia oi?io?oueny, ine?eueee oaiia?aoo?a Og aeey oeeo
iie?ia??a aeecueea aei 170 iN, a i?e oaiia?aoo?? ieae/a Og iieaeoey?ia
?ooeea?noue aeoaea iecueea. Naia oiio ia AAO oeeo ie?aie ia
niinoa??aa?oueny ae?eyiee niaaeo no?oio. Aiae?c AAO ie?aie IAAeO,
I(AAeO-OOA) ? I(AAeOe-AAoe) iieacaa, ui no?oi eiio?ieth?oueny ye
aeaeo?iaeieie i?ioeanaie (ai?n?y Oiooe?), oae ? ia’?iiei ca?yaeii (
NIIC).

I?e o?aeoe?ei?e aeaeo?ecaoe?? ie?aie IAAeO ? eiai niiie?ia?o
i?yiieooieie ?iioeuenaie no?oio oaeiae anoaiiaeaii aiiiaeueia
ca?eueoaiiy noaa?eueiino? aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo ii i??? oi?ioaaiiy
caeeoeiai? iiey?ecaoe??. Iieacaii, ui oea yaeua noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny, a
eiia??ii, ? ne?aenoaii ciaioaiiy aoaeoeaii? i?ia?aeiino? aiane?aeie
aeeaieiai caoiieaiiy ?iaeaeoiaaieo iin??a ca?yaeo.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui a ia?ao?aei? aoaie aeaeo?ecaoe?? aoaeoeaia
ae?aeaeo?e/ia i?iieei?noue IAAeO ca?eueoo?oueny a 3…4 ?ace, aea
iiaa?oa?oueny aei cae/aeieo cia/aiue (10 – 12) i?ney caaa?oaiiy
oi?ioaaiiy iiey?ecaoe??, ui iiaiaeaeo?oueny c oa?aeoa?iith aeey
naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a iae?i?eiith caeaaei?noth iiey?ecaoe?? a?ae iiey.

Aiae?c e?eaeo niaaeo iioaioe?aeo iieacaa, ui ca?eueoaiiy /ano
?aeaenaoe?? c ?inoii iai?oae a ie?aeao oeio IAAeO iiaeia ca’ycaoe c?
ciaioaiiyi eiioeaio?aoe?? ?ooeeaeo ?iaeaeoiaaieo ca?yae?a aiane?aeie ?o
caoiieaiiy ia aeeaie? oeiaethaa/?, ye? aeieeathoue i?e iiey?ecaoe??. I?e
iiaoi?i?e aeaeo?ecaoe?? oaeaee?noue niaaeo iioaioe?aeo ??cei
ciaioo?oueny.

Niaae iioaioe?aeo a ie?aeao I(AAeOe-AAoe), aeaeo?eciaaieo i?e Oe?ii ,
iaoiiaeaiee a iniiaiiio ?aeaenaoe??th aiiica?yaeo, yeee ooai?th?oueny
aiane?aeie caoiieaiiy ia iiaa?oi? oa a ia’?i? c?acea ?iaeaeoiaaiiai c
ei?iie ca?yaeo. Iieacaii, ui aeaeo?aoiee iioaioe?ae iiceoeaii
ca?yaeaeaieo ie?aie a?eueo noaa?eueiee, i?ae iaaaoeaii ca?yaeaeaieo.
I?ney iiaoi?ii? aeaeo?ecaoe?? aoaeoeaia i?ia?aei?noue ciaioo?oueny, a
/an ?aeaenaoe?? c?inoa?. *an ?aeaenaoe?? iioaioe?aeo ie?aie,
ca?yaeaeaieo i?e aenieeo oaiia?aoo?ao, aeua, i?ae aeaeo?eciaaieo i?e
e?iiaoi?e oaiia?aoo?? iacaeaaeii a?ae iiey?iino? ei?iiiiai ?ic?yaeo.
I?ia?aei?noue a oeueiio aeiaaeeo ciaioo?oueny a 5 ?ac?a. Ciaioaiiy
?ooeeaino? iin??a ca?yaeo c /anii oeaco? ia aeenia?n?eiee oa?aeoa?
ia?aiino ca?yaeo, i?e yeiio ? aacia?a?aii ?iciiae?eai? ca aia?a??th
oeiaethaa/?.

Iaie niinoa??aaeinue /anoeiaa a?aeiiaeaiiy aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo i?e
?icieeaii? ei?ioei caieiaieo aeaeo?eciaaieo ie?aie IAAeO ? I(AAeO-OOA) ?
ia iniia? oai??? aeaeo?ao?a iieacaii, ui oea yaeua i?aeoaa?aeaeo?
aca?iica’ycie iiey?ecaoe?? ? caoiieaiiai ia oeiaethaa/? ?iaeaeoiaaiiai
ca?yaeo. C io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeo?ea?, ui iiaeeeai noai?aiiy
noaa?eueieo aiiiaeaeo?ao?a ia aac? iiey?ieo ae?aeaeo?ee?a, a yeeo
noaa?euei?noue aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo i?aeo?eio?oueny ca ?aooiie
iia?eueii? naiiocaiaeaeaii? ?aeaenaoe?? aiii- oa aaoa?ica?yaeo.

Aenia?eiaioaeueii iieacaii, ui iiey?ecaoe?y a ie?aeao naaiaoiiie?ia??a
iaiaeii??aeia acaeiaae oiaueie. I?e iaaaoeaiiio ei?iiiiio ?ic?yae?
?iaeaeoe?y ca?yae?a a ie?aeao IAAeO ? I(AAeO-OOA) caaeieiaaia c
iiceoeaiiai aeaeo?iaeo, ine?eueee iiey?ecaoe?y iaeneiaeueia iiaeeco
oeueiai aeaeo?iaeo. I?e iiceoeaiiio ?ic?yae? iaeneioi iiey?ecaoe??
ciaoiaeeoueny a ia’?i? ie?aee. Iieacaii, ui i?e oi?ioaaii? ia’?iiiai
ca?yaeo aaaeeeao ?ieue a?a? ye ?iaeaeoe?y ca?yae?a, oae ? ?icae?eaiiy
aeanieo iin??a ca?yaeo. A iaio aeiaaeeao aeieea? iaiaeii??aei?noue iiey
oa iiey?ecaoe?? acaeiaae oiaueie c?acea, aea oa?aeoa? iaiaeii??aeiino?
??ciee. Oae, i?e aeaeo?ecaoe?? naaiaoiiie?ia??a a na?aaei?o iieyo
(aeecueeeo aei eia?oeeoeaiiai) oi?io?oueny ??cei iaiaeii??aeiee i?io?eue
iiey?ecaoe??. A ie?aeao IAAeO ooai?ththoueny aeaa neiao?e/ieo i?ea
iiey?ecaoe?? iiaeeco aeaeo?iae?a, ye? iaoiiaeai? ia?aaaaith ?icae?eaiiy
aeanieo iin??a ca?yaeo iaae ?iaeaeoe??th. A niiie?ia?? I(AAeO-OOA)
iaaiaee, ia?aaaaea? ?iaeaeoe?y ca?yae?a ? niinoa??aa?oueny o?eueee iaeei
i?e a?ey iiceoeaiiai aeaeo?iaeo. A neeueieo iieyo ( A >> 60 IA/i)
oi?io?oueny iaeii??aeia iiey?ecaoe?y, yea eaaei ia?aieea?oueny.

Iaie anoaiiaeaii, ui aiane?aeie ii?ii?ithaaiiy ie?aie IAAeO ?
I(AAeO-OOA) aeaoieoniaaiei io/eii aeaeo?ii?a c aia?a??th 20…30 eaA
oi?io?oueny aeaioa?iaa no?oeoo?a. A ii?ii?iai?e /anoei? ie?aee /a?ac
iayai?noue ?aae?aoe?eii – ?iaeoeiaaii? i?ia?aeiino? iiey?ecaoe?y
a?aenooiy, a oie aea /an, ye a iaii?ii?iai?e – iiey?ecaoe?y
iaiaeii??aeia acaeiaae oiaueie c?acea.

Iniaeeaino? ia?aoiaeo c neeiiiae?aiiai aei aenieiaeanoe/iiai noaio a
naaiaoiiie?ia?ao aoee aeine?aeaeai? iaoiaeaie ae?aeaeo?e/ii?
niaeo?ineii??. ?acoeueoaoe oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae ae?enii? (‘ ) oa
oyaii? (“ ) eiiiiiaio eiiieaenii? ae?aeaeo?e/ii? noaei? ie?aie
naaiaoiiie?ia??a iieacaee ??cea ca?eueoaiiy ae?enii? /anoeie a iaeano?
iecueeeo /anoio oa aenieeo oaiia?aoo?. Aeueoa – ?aeaenaoe?y, yea
ca’ycaia c ia?aoiaeii neei-aoia, ci?uo?oueny a a?e aenieeo oaiia?aoo?
i?e ca?eueoaii? /anoioe. Iai?aoe?eia i?e?a “ (f) i?e -20 iN ia?aaeuo?
1,14 aeaeaaee, ui na?ae/eoue i?i iaaeaaa?anueeee oei aeaiiai
?aeaenaoe?eiiai i?ioeano c oe?ieei aacia?a?aiei ?iciiae?eii /an?a
?aeaenaoe??. Ca aeiiiiiaith niaoe?aeueii? eiii’thoa?ii? i?ia?aie iaie
i?iaaaeaia i?aeaiiea aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo i?ae oai?aoe/i? oi?ioee
Eioea-Eioea oa Aaa?eeyea-Iaaai?. Iiaeaeue Aaa?eeyea-Iaaai? a?eueo
i?aeoiaeeoue aei aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo.

C aiae?co eiao?oe??io?a oi?ie i?e?a iiaeia i?eionoeoe, ui aioo??oiuei
eeanoa?i? aca?iiae?? i?ae ?aeaenoth/eie aeeiieyie ia?aaaaeathoue iaae
i?aeeeanoa?ieie. Oaeei /eiii, a naaiaoiiie?ia?ao ia iniia? IAAeO ?
I(AAeOe-AAoe) niinoa??aa?oueny ?aeaenaoe?eiee i?ioean, yeee iaoiiaeaiee
eiiia?aoeaiei ?icoii?yaei/aiiyi. Aii?oia oaca iie?ia?a c neeiiiae?aiiai
noaio aiane?aeie oaioe/iiai i?e?ia?ioi?anueeiai ?ooo naaiaio?a
aieiaiiai iie?ia?iiai eaioethaa ia?aoiaeeoue o aoiiiiae?aiee noai.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ae?aeaeo?e/ieo iae?i?eiinoae a
ie?aeao I(AAeO-OOA) iieacaee, ui no?oeoo?iee ia?ao?ae c
naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ii? a ia?aaeaeo?e/io oaco ia i?iyaey?oueny /?oei. Oea
na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui oi/ea Eth??, ye ? a aiiiiie?ia?? IAAeO,
ciaoiaeeoueny aeua oaiia?aoo?e ieaaeaiiy. Aea i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi
naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ii? i?e?iaee IAAeO ? eiai niiie?ia??a ? ae?aeaeo?e/iee
a?noa?acen ia ?io?aiecueeeo /anoioao, iaoe? yeiai niinoa??aaeenue
?ic?iaeaiei iaie iaoiaeii. Ia i?aenoaa? aeaieo a?noa?aceno aecia/aii
eia?oeeoeaia iiea oa iiey?ecaoe?y iane/aiiy.

Niinoa?aaeaiiy ae?aeaeo?e/iiai a?noa?aceno a ie?aeao
I(AAeOe-AAoe) ia aaea?oueny, aiane?aeie aieeao i?ia?aeiino? ie?aie. Aea
a oeeo ie?aeao niinoa??aa?oueny a?noa?acen iae?i?eieo ae?aeaeo?e/ieo
eiao?oe??io?a 2’ ? 2”, ui aeaco? ia naaiaoiaeaeo?e/i? aeanoeaino?
oeueiai iie?ia?o. Aaee/eia eia?oeeoeaiiai iiey aecia/aeanue c iieiaeaiiy
i?e?a 2”. Ciaioaiiy eia?oeeoeaiiai iiey c ?inoii oaiia?aoo?e ?
i?yioaaiiy eiai aei ioey i?e oaiia?aoo?? Eth?? ? oa?aeoa?iei aeey
naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo iaoa??ae?a. E?i?eia caeaaei?noue ‘ aeua oaiia?aoo?e
Eth?? (200 iN) aeaco? ia aeeiiaiiy caeiio Eth??-Aaena. Ia?aoai?aiiy
iiey?ecaoe?? a ie?aeao I(AAeOe-AAoe) i?e iaaeaii? ci?uoth/eo iie?a
ii/eia?oueny i?e oaiia?aoo?ao ieae/a Og ia 50iN. Oey iiey?ecaoe?y
oa?i?/ii noaa?eueia aae aei Og.

A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? i?eaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue
oa?iinoeioeueiaaieo i?ioean?a aeaeo?ecaoe?? oa aeaeo?e/ii? ?aeaenaoe??
ie?aie naaiaoiiie?ia??a, iiaoi?ii? aeaeo?ecaoe?? oa ia?aca?yaeee,
oa?i?/ii? noaa?eueiino?. Aeine?aeaeaiiy oa?iinoeioeueiaaii? iiey?ecaoe??
(ONI) c?ace?a iieacaei, ui iiyaa neeueii? iiey?ecaoe??
noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny iaiai?ioiei ciaioaiiyi aoaeoeaii? i?ia?aeiino? – a?ae
1.10-12 Ii-1i-1 ? 1,5.10-13 Ii-1i-1 a iaiiey?eciaaieo aei 1.10-14
Ii-1i-1 ? 1,4.10-14 Ii-1i-1 a iiey?eciaaieo ie?aeao IAAeO ?
I(AAeOe-AAoe) a?aeiia?aeii). I?e oeueiio niinoa??aathoueny oae?
iniaeeaino?:

– ia e?eaeo j(T) i?e ONI iie?ia?ieo ie?aie IAAeO ? eiai niiie?ia?o
i?enooiy ae?eyiea a?ae’?iiiai oaiia?aoo?iiai eiao?oe??ioa i?ia?aeiino?;

– i?e i?aeaeuaii? iiey?ecoth/eo iai?oa ii/aoie niaaeo no?oio ia e?eaeo
ONI cnoaa?oueny a iaeanoue a?eueo iecueeeo oaiia?aoo?;

– a?aei?ii?noue a e?eaeo ONI iiceoeaii ? iaaaoeaii ca?yaeaeaieo c?ace?a
na?ae/eoue i?i aaaeeeao ?ieue ?iaeaeoe?? ca?yae?a c aeaeo?iae?a
ii??aiyii c ia’?iieie ca?yaeaie;

– ii??aiyiiy i?e?a no?oi?a ONI ? ONAe iieacaei, ui no?oie ONI
a?aeia?aaeathoue ia e?iaoeeo anoaiiaeaiiy iiey?ecaoe??, a oa?aeoa? ci?ie
aoaeoeaii? i?ia?aeiino?.

Neeueia iiey?ecaoe?y a aeaeo?eciaaieo ie?aeao ? ??cea ciaioaiiy ?o
i?ia?aeiino? aca?iica’ycai?. sseui ciaioaiiy i?ia?aeiino? iaoiiaeaii
eieaeueiei caoiieaiiyi ?ooeeaeo ca?yae?a, oi aiane?aeie ciaioaiiy
eiioeaio?aoe?? a?eueieo iin??a a cii? caoiieaiiy aoaea c?inoaoe iiea, a
ioaea, ? iiey?ecaoe?y. C ae?oaiai aieo, neeueia iiey?ecaoe?y noai?th?
aeiaeaoeia? aeeaie? oeiaethaa/? aeey ca?yae?a, eiiiainoth/eo
aeaiiey?ecoth/a iiea, ui ni?ey? i?aeaeuaiith noaa?eueiino? iiey?ecaoe??.
Oaeei /eiii, ciaioaiiy aoaeoeaii? i?ia?aeiino? i?e ONI na?ae/eoue i?i
aaaeeea?noue ia’?iia -ca?yaeiaeo i?ioean?a ? i?aeoaa?aeaeo? a?iioaco i?i
aca?iica’ycie iiey?ecaoe?? c caoiieaiiyi ca?yae?a ia o?eueee a
?cioa?i?/ieo, aea ? a oa?iinoeioeueiaaieo oiiaao. I?e oeueiio
i?aeaeuaiiy oaiia?aoo?e ? iiey iaeiaeiai aieeaathoue ia aaia?aoe?th ?
?iaeaeoe?th ?ooeeaeo ca?yae?a, aaeeea ii/aoeiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y yeeo, ye
anoaiiaeaii, ? iaiao?aeiith oiiaith aeey ca?iaeaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo
neeueii? iiey?ecaoe??.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui oaiia?aoo?i? caeaaeiino? no?oi?a ONI ie?aie IAAeO ?
I(AAeOe-AAoe) aeoaea noiae?, iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui iaeei iie?ia?
iai?ae?enoae?/iee, a ae?oaee – aii?oiee. Eiia??ii, oea ca’ycaii c oei,
ui ciaioaiiy aoaeoeaii? i?ia?aeiino? c? c?inoaiiyi oaiia?aoo?e a oeeo
iie?ia?ao aeeeeeaii caoiieaiiyi iin??a ia oeiaethaa/?, ye? oi?iothoueny
ia iaaeao iiey?eciaaieo iaeanoae.

Iieacaii, ui oa?i?/ia noeioeyoe?y ia iie?ioo? iaeii??aeiino?
iiey?ecaoe??, a o?eueee ca?eueoo? aenioo ?? i?ea. Oea na?ae/eoue i?i
neeueiee aieea ia i?io?eue iiey?ecaoe?? ?iaeaeoe?? aeaeo?ii?a c
a??ooaeueiiai aeaeo?iaea ia iiaa?oi? ie?aee, yea ii?ii?ith?oueny ?iiaie
ei?iiiiai ?ic?yaeo. Ca?yae, yeee caoiieth?oueny ia noee? i?ea
iiey?ecaoe??, iaeo?ae?co? aeaiiey?ecoth/a iiea ? ooai?th? c
iiey?ecaoe??th naiiocaiaeaeaio nenoaio, noaa?euei?noue yei? aecia/a?
ia’?iiee ca?yae. Aecaieaiiy eieae?ciaaiiai ca?yaeo iiaea aooe
aeoeaiaaia oa?i?/ii, oiio noaa?euei?noue iiey?ecaoe?? caeaaeeoue a?ae
oa?iinoaa?eueiino? caoiieaieo ca?yae?a. Naia oeei iiynith?oueny
ciaioaiiy iiey?ecaoe?? i?e iaa??aaii? ie?aie naaiaoiiie?ia??a. Ia aac?
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo c oa?iinoaa?eueiino? iiey?ecaoe?? oa ??
i?io?eth i?e ??cieo oaiia?aoo?ao aoa ?ic?aoiaaiee aia?aaoe/iee niaeo?
eieae?ciaaieo noai?a. Anoaiiaeaia iiyaa aeaio ?aeaenaoe?eieo i?ioean?a c
oe?ieei ?iciiae?eii aia?aaoe/ieo ??ai?a aeey ie?aie iai?ae?enoae?/ieo
IAAeO oa I(AAeO-OOA) ? iaeiiai ?aeaenaoe?eiiai i?ioeano a I(AAeOe-AAoe).
Ca?a aenia?eiaioaeueii? caeaaeiino? ?(O) c ?ic?aooieiaith oeaco? ia
a??i?noue cai?iiiiiaaii? iiaeae?.

Aeiaeaoeia? aeai? i?i iaoai?cie ?aeaenaoe?eieo i?ioean?a o
iiey?eciaaieo naaiaoiiie?ia?ao iiaeooue aooe io?eiai? ?c aiae?co no?oi?a
oa?iinoeioeueiaaii? aeaiiey?ecaoe?? (ONAe). A i?ioean? ONAe
naaiaoiiie?ia??a aeyaeythoueny ?aeaenaoe?ei? i?ioeane, ca’ycai? c
ia’?iiei ca?yaeii, a oaeiae c iiey?ecaoe??th, yea noi?iiaaia a iie?
oeueiai ca?yaeo. Ia iniia? aeine?ae?a ONAe c ae?aeaeo?e/iei caci?ii ?
i?e u?eueiiio eiioaeo? aoee ?icae?eai? i?ioeane, ye? iaoiiaeai?
?aeaenaoe??th iiey?ecaoe?? ? ia’?iiiai ca?yaeo. A ie?aeao IAAeO ? eiai
niiie?ia?o i?ee aeaiiey?ecaoe?eiiai oa ia’?iia-ca?yaeiaiai no?oio
i?aeoe/ii iaeiaeia?, aea inoaii?e ?icoaoiaaiee i?e a?eueo aenieeo
oaiia?aoo?ao, ui na?ae/eoue i?i a?eueoo noaa?euei?noue caoiieaiiai
ca?yaeo ii??aiyii c aeeiieueiith iiey?ecaoe??th.

I?e ii??aiyii? no?oi?a ONAe na?aea iiey?eciaaieo c?ace?a ie?aie IAAeO oa
eiai niiie?ia?o ? aeo?eiaieo 14 i?nyoe?a ie niinoa??aaee iiaa yaeua.
Cai?noue aeaio i?e?a no?oio ONAe, oeiiaeo aeey na?aea iiey?eciaaieo
c?ace?a, c’yaeythoueny /ioe?e i?ee, aai aea? ia?e i?ioeeaaeii
ni?yiiaaieo i?e?a no?oi?a i?ney o?eaaeiai caa??aaiiy c?ace?a. Oe?
iniaeeaino? ? caaaeueieie aeey an?o aeine?aeaeaieo naaiaoiiie?ia??a oeia
IAAeO iacaeaaeii a?ae oiia iiey?ecaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
/?oei aeacothoue ia i?enooi?noue aeaio ia? ?aeaenaoe?eieo i?ioean?a.

Anoaiiaeaii, ui a naaiaoiiie?ia?ao ?niothoue aeaa aeaee iiey?ecaoe?? –
aeaeo?aoii-aeeiieueia oa naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ia. Oa?i?/ii iaio noaa?eueia
ia?a i?e?a, eiia??ii, a?aeiia?aea? aeaeo?aoii-aeeiieuei?e eiiiiiaio?
iiey?ecaoe??, yea noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny ?aeaenaoe??th ia’?iiiai ca?yaeo.
Ae?oaa, oa?i?/ii a?eueo noaa?eueia ia?a ?aeaenaoe?eieo i?ioean?a
ca’ycaia c naaiaoiaeaeo?e/iith iiey?ecaoe??th a e?enoae?oao ? c
?aeaenaoe??th caoiieaieo ca?yae?a, ye? eiiiainothoue aeaiiey?ecoth/a
iiea. Oaeei /eiii, ie io?eiaee i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy oiai, ui i?inoi?iaee
ca?yae noaa?e?co? ia o?eueee naaiaoiaeaeo?e/io, aea e
aeaeo?aoii-aeeiieueio iiey?ecaoe?th a aii?oi?e oac?.

A ie?aeao I(AAeOe-AAoe) iayai?noue i?e?a no?oio ONAe i?e 80i ? 120 iN
iiaeia iiynieoe aai ?nioaaiiyi aeaio ??ai?a caoiieaiiy, aai aieeaii
aoi?eiii? iiey?ecaoe?? a iie? caoiieaieo ca?yae?a. Iaeaeaa i?ioeane
iiaeeea? o?eueee i?e iayaiino? aa?’??ieo iiaa?oiaaeo, aai i?eiiaa?oiaaeo
oa??a, ye? ia?aoeiaeaeothoue ia?aoiaeo ca?yae?a c ia’?io ia aeaeo?iaee.
Ine?eueee iiey?ecaoe?y a aii?oiiio I(AAeOe-AAoe) oa?i?/ii caii?iaeaia,
i?iaeaia eiiiainaoe?? aeaiiey?ecoth/iai iiey caoiieaieie ca?yaeaie ia ?
oaeith nooo?aith ye a IAAeO, ine?eueee Og = 170 iN, ? aii?oia oaca i?e
e?iiaoi?e oaiia?aoo?? ciaoiaeeoueny a ??aeei – a’yceiio noai?.

Ia i?aenoaa? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo cai?iiiiiaaia ? ?ic?aoiaaia
iiaeaeue iiey?ecaoe?? a i?eiouaii? aeeaieiai caoiieaiiy ?iaeaeoiaaieo
ca?yae?a ? noaeino? aeiaaeeie i?ia?ao iin??a. Aiae?oe/ii ?ica’ycai?
??aiyiiy ia?aiino ca?yaeo ia an?o aoaiao aeaeo?ecaoe?? ? io?eiai? ae?ace
aeey e?iaoeee aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo. Oae, aeey iaea?eueo aaaeeeai?
ae?oai? noaae?? aeaeo?ecaoe?? e?iaoeee ??aiyiiy aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo
ia? aeaeyae

U(t) = 4tc/3t + (1 – tc/t)[t/tc + o(+‘ )Ec/joto + (voo/xo) – 1] –

– (voo/xo)[t/tc + (voo/xo) – 1][1 – expxo(tc/t – 1)/voo],

aea = (1+‘/)(oxo/jotoco)1/2, vo – oaeaee?noue iin??a. C ii??aiyiiy
aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa ?ic?aooieiaeo aeaieo ii e?iaoeoe? aeaeo?aoiiai
iioaioe?aeo aeey ie?aie IAAeO aoee ciaeaeai? aaee/eie aeeiai?/ii?
ae?aeaeo?e/ii? noaei? ‘ = 700, eia?oeeoeaiiai iiey An = 42 IA/i,
iiey?ecaoe?? iane/aiiy ?s = 61 iEe/i2, aeiaaeeie i?ia?ao iin?y 0,06
iei, aeiaooeo ?ooeeaino? ia /an caoiieaiiy co = 1.3.10-11 i2/A.

AENIIAEE

1. Oi?ioaaiiy iiey?eciaaiiai noaio oa aeaeo?e/ia ?aeaenaoe?y a
iai?ae?enoae?/ieo oa aii?oieo aeoeaieo i?aai?/ieo ae?aeaeo?eeao aei
oeueiai /ano aoee iaaeinoaoiuei aea/ai?, ia aeeaey/enue ia iaaecae/aeio
aaaeeea?noue oeeo i?ioean?a, ye? iaoiiaeththoue ye aaee/eio oa
noaa?euei?noue caeeoeiai? iiey?ecaoe??, oae ? ca’ycaio c iath i’?ci- oa
i??iaeaeo?e/io aeoeai?noue oeeo iiaeo ia?niaeoeaieo aeey oaoi?ee
iaoa??ae?a.

2. A ?acoeueoao? aeeiiaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e
iiey?ecaoe?? naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo iie?ia??a a ?cioa?i?/ieo oiiaao
a?aeaoaa?oueny aeeaiea caoiieaiiy ?iaeaeoiaaieo iin??a ca?yaeo ia iaaeao
iiey?eciaaieo iaeanoae, aiane?aeie /iai aoaeoeaia i?ia?aei?noue
iaiai?ioii ciaioo?oueny. Iieacaii, ui a i?ioean? iiey?ecaoe??
oi?io?oueny eaac?noaoe?iia?ia nenoaia c aeaio ??ciiaeae?a ca?yaeo
(iiey?ecaoe?y oa ia’?iiee ca?yae), aca?iiee aieea yeeo i?iyaey?oueny a
??ceiio oiia?eueiaii? i?ioean?a aeaeo?e/ii? ?aeaenaoe??. A?eueo
noaa?eueiei ? ia’?iiee ca?yae, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeaii aeyaeaiei iaie
aiiiaeueiei i?aeaeuaiiy noaa?eueiino? aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo a ie?aeao
IAAeO.

3. I?e oa?iinoeioeueiaai?e iiey?ecaoe?? iai?ae?enoae?/ieo iie?ia??a
niinoa??aa?oueny aiiiaeueia ae?eyiea a?ae’?iiiai oaiia?aoo?iiai
eiao?oe??ioo i?ia?aeiino?. Iiey?ecaoe?y iie?ia?ieo naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a a
?aaeei? ONI aaaea aei iaiai?ioiiai ciaioaiiy aoaeoeaii? i?ia?aeiino?, ui
coiiaeaii caoiieaiiyi ?iaeaeoiaaieo iin??a ca?yaeo ia aeeaie?
oeiaethaa/?, ye? ooai?ai? ia iaaeao iiey?eciaaieo cii.

4. Anoaiiaeaii, ui a i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy iiey?eciaaiiai noaio
?iaeaeoe?y iin??a ca?yaeo c iaoaeaaeo aeaeo?iae?a i?ioiaeeoue oeyoii
oa?iiaeaeo?iiii? ai?n?? Oiooe?, yea i?io?ea? i?e aenieeo aeaeo?e/ieo
iieyo oa noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny caoiieaiiyi ai?oiaaieo a iie?ia? aeaeo?ii?a
a aeeaie? oeiaethaa/? a i?eiiaa?oiaaiio oa?? /e a ia’?i? c?acea. A oie
aea /an, i?e aeaeo?ecaoe?? naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo iie?ia??a a ei?iiiiio
?ic?yae? aeieea? iaiaeii??aeiee ?iciiae?e caeeoeiai? iiey?ecaoe??, yeee
na?ae/eoue i?i aeieoaaiiy ?iaeaeoe?? ae??ie c iaoaeaaiai aeaeo?iaeo oa
i?i ii?/iee oa?aeoa? a??ooaeueiiai aeaeo?iaea, yeee noai?aiee
aaeni?aiaaieie ia iiaa?oi? iie?ia?o ?iiaie ei?iiiiai ?ic?yaeo iacaeaaeii
a?ae ?o iiey?iino?.

5. Anoaiiaeaii, ui i?ney ?ic?ieiaiiy caei?i/aieo oa iiia?aaeiuei
iiey?eciaaieo naaiaoiiie?ia??a niinoa??aa?oueny /anoeiaa a?aeiiaeaiiy
aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo. Aiae?c oeueiai yaeua ia iniia? no/anii? oai???
aeaeo?ao?a iieacaa, ui i?eioeeiiai iiaeeeaa noai?aiiy noaa?eueieo
aeaeo?ao?a ia iniia? iiey?ieo ae?aeaeo?ee?a, a oiio /ene?
naaiaoiiie?ia??a, a yeeo noae?noue aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo
i?aeo?eio?oueny ca ?aooiie iia?eueii? naiiocaiaeaeaii? ?aeaenaoe?? aiii
– oa aaoa?ica?yaeo. Iaiao?aeiith oiiaith ? iayai?noue neeueiiai
aaoa?ica?yaeo oa oiia aeey eieae?caoe?? aiiica?yaeo.

6. Aaaeeeaa ?ieue i?inoi?iaiai ca?yaeo a noaa?e?caoe?? caeeoeiai?
iiey?ecaoe?? i?aeoaa?aeaeaia oaeiae aeine?aeaie ii ONAe c?ace?a, ye?
aoee aeo?eiai? aeiaaee /an i?ney iiey?ecaoe??. Aeyaeaii yaeua ?iciiae?eo
iiey?ecaoe?? a i?ioean? caa??aaiiy c?ace?a ia aea? neeaaeia?: iaio
noaa?eueio aeaeo?aoii-aeeiieueio oa noaa?eueio naaiaoiaeaeo?e/io.
Iacaeaaei?noue aeyaeaiiai yaeua a?ae iaoa??aeo oa oiia iiey?ecaoe??
aeaco? ia eiai ni?euei?noue aeey anueiai eeano iie?ia?ieo
naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a.

7. I?iaaaeaia eeaneo?eaoe?y naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo iie?ia??a ca?aeii c
?ieeth, yeo a?ae?a?athoue i?ioeane ?iaeaeoe?? oa ?iciiae?eo o
ciai?oiueiio iie? aeanieo iin??a ca?yaeo. Iieacaii, ui ia’?iiee ca?yae
aieeaa? ia iiey?ecaoe?th aeaiia oeyoaie – c iaeiiai aieo, a?i noaa?e?co?
iiey?eciaaiee noai, a c ae?oaiai – ? i?e/eiith iaiaeii??aeiino? iiey oa
iiey?ecaoe??. Eiii?ii?n iieyaa? a aeei?enoaii? neeueieo iiey?ecoth/eo
iie?a, i?e yeeo caoiieaiiy ca?yaeo a?aeaoaa?oueny a aocueeeo
i?eiiaa?oiaaeo oa?ao, a iiey?ecaoe?y ? iaeii??aeiith i?aeoe/ii acaeiaae
an??? oiaueie ie?aie.

8. Ia iniia? aeaieo i?i oa?iinoaa?euei?noue iiey?ecaoe?? oa ?? i?io?eth
i?e ??cieo oaiia?aoo?ao ciaeaeaiee aia?aaoe/iee niaeo? eieae?ciaaieo
noai?a a ie?aeao I(AAeO-OOA) ? I(AAeOe-AAoe).

9. ?ic?iaeaia ? aeei?enoaia iaoiaeeea ciaoiaeaeaiiy iieueiai?
caeaaeiino? iiey?ecaoe?? a naaiaoiiie?ia?ao ia ?io?aiecueeeo /anoioao,
yea a?aoiao? aeenia?n?th ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino? ? e?ioeaao
i?ia?aei?noue. Aeacaiei iaoiaeii iiaoaeiaai? iaoe? ae?aeaeo?e/iiai
a?noa?aceno oa aecia/ai? eia?oeeoeaia iiea oa iiey?ecaoe?y iane/aiiy
ie?aie IAAeO oa eiai niiie?ia?o.

10. Cai?iiiiiaaia oa i?iaiae?ciaaia oaiiiaiieia?/ia iiaeaeue oi?ioaaiiy
iiey?ecaoe?? c o?aooaaiiyi aeeaieiai caoiieaiiy ?iaeaeoiaaieo iin??a
ca?yaeo. Aoee iaea?aeai? aiae?oe/i? ae?ace aeey i?inoi?iaiai ?iciiae?eo
iiey oa e?iaoeee iiaa?oiaaiai aeaeo?aoiiai iioaioe?aeo. C ii??aiyiiy
aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa ?ic?aooieiaeo aeaieo ciaeaeai? aeeiai?/ia
ae?aeaeo?e/ia i?iieei?noue, eia?oeeoeaia iiea, iiey?ecaoe?y iane/aiiy, a
oaeiae i?iaaaeaia ioe?iea /ano caoiieaiiy ? na?aaeiuei? oaeaeeino? ?ooo
iin??a ca?yaeo.

11. Aiane?aeie i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue ae?iaeaiee ?yae
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei ?aaeei?a iiey?ecaoe?? naaiaoiiie?ia??a a ei?iiiiio
?ic?yae?, ye? caaacia/othoue iaea?aeaiiy neeueii? oa noaa?eueii?
caeeoeiai? iiey?ecaoe??.

INIIAI? ?ACOEUeOAOE AeENA?OAOe?? IIOAE?EIAAI? A ?IAIOAO:

1. Neeoa? E.N. Aeeyiea ia?aaioee iieeia?iuo ieaiie a ei?iiiii ?ac?yaea
ia eo yeaeo?aoiua naienoaa // Oioiyeaeo?iieea.- 1999.- ? 8.- N.36-38.

2. Na?aaaaa A.A., Oaaeinia N.I., Ie?aeueyi A.I., Neeoa? E.N.
Yeaeo?eciaaiiua iieeia?iua ieaiee aeey ie?iyeaeo?e/aneeo aeaoaeoi?ia
eceo/aiey // Oaoiieiaey e i?eai?ino?iaiea.- 1996.- ? 3.- N.49 – 52.

3. Ie?aeueyi A.I., Na?aaaaa A.A., Oaaeinia N.I., Neeoa? E.N. I?e?iaea
oioioieia i?e OO-iaeo/aiee ca?yaeaiiuo ieaiie iieeoao?aooi?yoeeaia
//Oioiyeaeo?iieea.-1998. ? 7.- N. 13-14.

4. Na?aaaaa A.A., Oaaeinia N.I., Neeoa? E.N., Naieiaa I.A. . Ia?aoiaeiua
oiee i?e inaauaiee ei?iiiyeaeo?aoia ia iniiaa ieaiie
iieeoao?aooi?yoeeaia //Oioiyeaeo?iieea.-1998.- ? 8. – N. 42 – 44.

5. Oaaeinia N.I., Na?aaaaa A.A., Neeoa? E.N., Naieiaa I.A.
Yeaeo?iiii-eo/aaay yeaeo?ecaoeey naaiaoiyeaeo?e/aneeo ieaiie I(AAeO-OOY)
// Aunieiiie.niaae.A.-1999.- o. 41, ? 1. N. 125 – 127.

6. Fedosov S.N., A.E. Sergeeva, J.A. Giacometti, Skiter I.S. Dielectric
Relaxation Phenomena in Corona Poled PVDF Films // Proc. XIX
Conf.Condens.Matter Phys. State.-San Paulo.-1996.-v.2.-P.238-241.

7. Neeoa? E.N. Oa?iinoeioee?iaaiiua oiee a naaiaoiiieeia?iuo ieaieao
I(AAeOe-AAoe) // O?oaeu 58-e Iao/i.eiio IAAIO, Iaeanna.-1998.- N. 15-17.

8. Na?aaaaa A.A., Neeoa? E.N., Nieiaueaaa I.I. Acaeiinaycue iiey?ecaoeee
e iauaiiiai ca?yaea a iieoe?enoaeee/aneeo e aii?oiuo iieeia?iuo
naaiaoiyeaeo?eeao //Int. Seminar Polariz. Spase Charge Phenom. Polym.
Diel. (abstracts), Odessa.-1999.- P.34.

9. Oaaeinia N.I., Neeoa? E.N., Naieiaa I.A. Aeeiaieea i?ioeey
iueaciaeoeaiinoe i?e ia?aeeth/aiee iiey?ecaoeee a naaiaoiiieeia?ao //
O?oaeu 58-e Iao/i.eiio IAAIO, Iaeanna.-1998.- N.22-26.

10. S.N. Fedosov, A.E. Sergeeva, I.S. Skiter Interrelatoin Between Space
Charge and Polarization in Ferroelectric Polymers // Proc.Int.Sci.Conf.
Dielectrics-97.- S.-Petersburg, 1997. – P. 87 – 88.

11. Neeoa? E.N. Naaiaoiyeaeo?e/aneea yaeaiey a iieeia?iuo ieaieao //56-y
Iao/i.eiio IAAIO: Oac.aeiee.-Iaeanna,1996,/.2.- N.294 – 295.

12. Tsanos H., Apekis L., Pissis P., Fedosov S.N., Skiter I.S.
Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy of PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) // Proc.IY
Symp.on Polymer.-Greece.-1997.-P.56-59.

Ne?oa? ?.N. Aca?iica’ycie iiey?ecaoe?? oa ia’?iiiai ca?yaeo a
iai?ae?enoae?/ieo oa aii?oieo ie?aeao i?aai?/ieo aeoeaieo ae?aeaeo?ee?a.
– ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe c niaoe?aeueiino? 01.04.10 – o?ceea
iai?ai?ia?aeiee?a oa ae?aeaeo?ee?a. – Iaeanueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao
?i. ?.?. Ia/ieeiaa, Oe?a?ia, Iaeana, 1999 ?.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ieoaiiyi oi?ioaaiiy oa aeaeo?e/ii?
?aeaenaoe?? iiey?eciaaiiai noaio a aeoeaieo i?aai?/ieo ae?aeaeo?eeao
IAAeO, I(AAeO-OOA) oa I(AAeOe-AAoe) a oa?iinoeioeueiaaieo ? ?cioa?i?/ieo
oiiaao ? ?ie? a oeeo i?ioeanao ia’?iiiai ca?yaeo. Anoaiiaeaii, ui
iiey?ecaoe?y a na?aaei?o iieyo iaiaeii??aeia acaeiaae oiaueie c?acea
aiane?aeie ?iaeaeoe?? ca?yae?a oa ?icae?eaiiy aeanieo iin??a ca?yaeo. A
neeueieo iieyo iiey?ecaoe?y iaeii??aeia aaeiaae oiaueie ie?aee.
Iieacaii, ui iiey?ecaoe?y ? ia’?iiee ca?yae, yeee aeieea? aiane?aeie
?iaeaeoe?? aai ?icae?eaiiy ca?yae?a, ooai?ththoue naiiocaiaeaeaio
nenoaio. Caoiieaiee ia a?aieoeyo iiey?eciaaieo iaeanoae ca?yae eiiiaino?
aeaiiey?ecoth/a iiea ? noaa?e?co? caeeoeiao iiey?ecaoe?th. Cai?iiiiiaaia
iiaeaeue oi?ioaaiiy iiey?ecaoe?? a naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo iie?ia?ao c
a?aooaaiiyi aeeaieiai caoiieaiiy ca?yae?a.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aeaeo?aoe, naaiaoiaeaeo?eee, iiey?ecaoe?y,
ia’?iiee ca?yae.

Neeoa? E.N. Acaeiinaycue iiey?ecaoeee e iauaiiiai ca?yaea a
iieoe?enoaeee/aneeo e aii?oiuo ieaieao i?aaie/aneeo aeoeaiuo
aeeyeaeo?eeia. ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
oeceei-iaoaiaoe/aneeo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 01.04.10 – oeceea
iieoi?iaiaeieeia e aeeyeaeo?eeia. – Iaeanneee ainoaea?noaaiiue
oieaa?neoao ei. E.E. Ia/ieeiaa, Oe?aeia, Iaeanna, 1999 a.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai oi?ie?iaaiey e yeaeo?e/aneie
?aeaenaoeee iiey?eciaaiiiai ninoiyiey a naaiaoiyeaeo?e/aneeo
i?aaie/aneeo aeeyeaeo?eeao oeia IAAeO, I(AAeO-OOY) e I(AAeOe-AAoe) a
oa?iinoeioee?iaaiiuo e ecioa?ie/aneeo oneiaeyo e ?iee a yoeo i?ioeannao
iauaiiiai ca?yaea. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi i?e iiey?ecaoeee a ecioa?ie/aneeo
oneiaeyo i?ienoiaeeo aeoaieee caoaao eiaeaeoe?iaaiiuo iineoaeae ca?yaea
ia a?aieoeao iiey?eciaaiiuo iaeanoae, a ?acoeueoaoa /aai yooaeoeaiay
i?iaiaeeiinoue iaia?aoeii oiaiueoaaony. Iieacaii, /oi a i?ioeanna
iiey?ecaoeee naaiaoiyeaeo?e/aneeo iieeia?ia oi?ie?oaony
eaacenoaoeeiia?iay nenoaia ec aeaoo aeaeia ca?yaea (iiey?ecaoeey e
iauaiiue ca?yae), acaeiiia aeeyiea eioi?uo i?iyaeyaony a ?aceii
caiaaeeaiee i?ioeannia yeaeo?e/aneie ?aeaenaoeee. Aieaa noaaeeueiui
yaeyaony iauaiiue ca?yae, /oi iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony auyaeaiiui iaie
aiiiaeueiui iiauoaieai noaaeeueiinoe yeaeo?aoiiai iioaioeeaea a ieaieao
IAAeO.

I?e oa?iinoeioee?iaaiiie iiey?ecaoeee iieoe?enoaeee/aneeo iieeia?ia
iaaethaeaaony aiiiaeueiue o/anoie io?eoeaoaeueiiai oaiia?aoo?iiai
eiyooeoeeaioa i?iaiaeeiinoe. Iiey?ecaoeey iieeia?iuo naaiaoiyeaeo?eeia a
?aaeeia oa?iinoeioee?iaaiiie iiey?ecaoeee aaaeao e iaia?aoeiiio
oiaiueoaieth yooaeoeaiie i?iaiaeeiinoe, /oi iaoneiaeaii caoaaoii
eiaeaeoe?iaaiiuo iineoaeae ca?yaea ia aeoaieea eiaooee, ia?aciaaiiua ia
a?aieoeao iiey?eciaaiiuo iaeanoae. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi a i?ioeanna
oi?ie?iaaiey iiey?eciaaiiiai ninoiyiey eiaeaeoeey iineoaeae ca?yaea ec
iaoaeee/aneeo yeaeo?iaeia i?ioiaeeo iooai oa?iiyeaeo?iiiie yiennee
Oiooee, eioi?ay i?ioaeaao i?e aunieeo yeaeo?e/aneeo iieyo e
nii?iaiaeaeaaony caoaaoii yieooe?iaaiiuo a ia?acaoe yeaeo?iiia ia
aeoaieea eiaooee a i?eiiaa?oiinoiii neia eee a iauaia ia?acoea. A oi
aea a?aiy, i?e yeaeo?ecaoeee aeeyeaeo?eeia a ei?iiiii ?ac?yaea aicieeaao
iaiaeii?iaeiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea inoaoi/iie iiey?ecaoeee, eioi?ia
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i aeiee?iaaiee eiaeaeoeee aeu?ie ec iaoaeee/aneiai
yeaeo?iaea e i?i iie/aneee oa?aeoa? ae?ooaeueiiai yeaeo?iaea,
ia?aciaaiiiai aaeni?ae?iaaiiuie ia iiaa?oiinoe eiiaie ei?iiiiai ?ac?yaea
iacaaeneii io eo iiey?iinoe. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi iinea ?aciueaiey
caei?i/aiiuo e i?aaeaa?eoaeueii iiey?eciaaiiuo ia?acoeia iaaethaeaaony
/anoe/iia ainnoaiiaeaiea yeaeo?aoiiai iioaioeeaea. Aiaeec yoiai yaeaiey
ia iniiaa nia?aiaiiie oai?ee yeaeo?aoia iieacae, /oi i?eioeeieaeueii
aiciiaeii iieo/aiea noaaeeueiuo yeaeo?aoia ia iniiaa iiey?iuo
aeeyeaeo?eeia, a eioi?uo noaaeeueiinoue yeaeo?aoiiai iioaioeeaea
iiaeaea?aeeaaaony ca n/ao iaaeeaiiie naiiniaeaniaaiiie ?aeaenaoeee aiii-
e aaoa?ica?yaea. Iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai yaeyaony iaee/ea neeueiiai
aaoa?ica?yaea e oneiaee aeey eieaeecaoeee aiiica?yaea.

Aaaeiay ?ieue i?ino?ainoaaiiiai ca?yaea a noaaeeecaoeee inoaoi/iie
iiey?ecaoeee iiaeoaa?aeaeaia oaeaea iiuoaie ii oa?iinoeioee?iaaiiie
aeaiiey?ecaoeee ia?acoeia, eioi?ua auee auaea?aeaiu aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy
iinea iiey?ecaoeee. Iaia?oaeaii yaeaiea ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey iiey?ecaoeee
a i?ioeanna o?aiaiey ia?acoeia ia aeaa ninoaaeythuea: iaiaa noaaeeueioth
yeaeo?aoii – aeeiieueioth e noaaeeueioth naaiaoiyeaeo?e/aneoth.
Iacaaeneiinoue iaia?oaeaiiiai yaeaiey io iaoa?eaea e oneiaee
iiey?ecaoeee oeacuaaao ia aai iauiinoue aeey anaai eeanna iieeia?iuo
naaiaoiyeaeo?eeia.

I?iaaaeaia eeanneoeeaoeey aeoeaiuo i?aaie/aneeo aeeyeaeo?eeia a
niioaaonoaee n ?ieueth, eioi?oth ea?atho i?ioeannu eiaeaeoeee e
?ani?aaeaeaiea ai aiaoiai iiea nianoaaiiuo iineoaeae ca?yaea. Iieacaii,
/oi iauaiiue ca?yae aeeyao ia iiey?ecaoeeth aeaoiy iooyie – n iaeiie
noi?iiu, ii noaaeeece?oao iiey?eciaaiiia ninoiyiea, a n ae?oaie –
yaeyaony i?e/eiie iaiaeii?iaeiinoe iiey e iiey?ecaoeee. Eiii?iienn
caeeth/aaony a eniieueciaaiee neeueiuo iiey?ecothueo iieae, i?e eioi?uo
caoaao ca?yaea i?ienoiaeeo a oceeo i?eiiaa?oiinoiuo neiyo, a
iiey?ecaoeey iaeii?iaeia i?aeoe/anee aaeieue anae oieueiu ia?acoea. Ia
iniiaa aeaiiuo i oa?iinoaaeeueiinoe iiey?ecaoeee e aa i?ioeey i?e
?aciuo oaiia?aoo?ao iaeaeai yia?aaoe/aneee niaeo? eieaeeciaaiiuo
ninoiyiee a ieaieao I(AAeO-OOY) e I(AAeOe-AAoe).

?ac?aaioaia e i?eiaiaia iaoiaeeea iaoiaeaeaiey iieaaie caaeneiinoe
iiey?ecaoeee a ieaieao IAAeO e aai niiieeia?ao ia eio?aieceeo /anoioao,
eioi?ay o/eouaaao aeenia?neth aeeyeaeo?e/aneie i?iieoeaaiinoe e
eiia/ioth i?iaiaeeiinoue. Oeacaiiui iaoiaeii iino?iaiu iaoee
aeeyeaeo?e/aneiai aenoa?acena e ii?aaeaeaiu eiy?oeeoeaiia iiea e
iiey?ecaoeey ianuuaiey ieaiie IAAeO e I(AAeO-OOY).

I?aaeeiaeaia e i?iaiaeece?iaaia oaiiiaiieiae/aneay iiaeaeue oi?ie?iaaiey
iiey?ecaoeee n o/aoii aeoaieiai caoaaoa eiaeaeoe?iaaiiuo iineoaeae
ca?yaea. Auee iieo/aiu aiaeeoe/aneea au?aaeaiey aeey i?ino?ainoaaiiiai
?ani?aaeaeaiey iiey e eeiaoeee iiaa?oiinoiiai yeaeo?aoiiai iioaioeeaea.
Ec n?aaiaiey yenia?eiaioaeueiuo e ?an/aoiuo aeaiiuo iaeaeaiu
aeeiaie/aneay aeeyeaeo?e/aneay i?iieoeaaiinoue, eiy?oeeoeaiia iiea,
iiey?ecaoeey ianuuaiey, a oaeaea i?iaaaeaia ioeaiea a?aiaie caoaaoa e
n?aaeiae nei?inoe aeaeaeaiey iineoaeae ca?yaea. A ?acoeueoaoa
i?iaaaeaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee au?aaioai ?yae ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii ?aaeeiai
iiey?ecaoeee aeoeaiuo aeeyeaeo?eeia a ei?iiiii ?ac?yaea, eioi?ua
iaania/eaatho iieo/aiea neeueiie e noaaeeueiie inoaoi/iie iiey?ecaoeee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: yeaeo?aou, naaiaoiyeaeo?eee, iiey?ecaoeey, iauaiiue
ca?yae.

Skiter I.S. Interrelation between polarization and space charge in
semi-crystalline and amorphous films of some organic active
dielectrics. – Manuscript.

The Candidate of Sciences Thesis in Physics and Mathematics on
01.04.10 speciality – Physics of Semiconductors and Dielectrics.
Odessa State University named after I.I.Mechnikov, Ukraine, Odessa,
1999.

The dissertation deals with formation and electrical relaxation of the
polarized state in polymer ferroelectrics such as PVDF, P(VDF-TFE) and
P(VDCN-VAC) in thermally stimulated and isotermal conditions and with a
role of the spane charge in these processes. It has been found that
polarization in medium fields is non-uniform along the sample thickness
due to charge injection and separation of the intrinsic charge carriers.
In the high fields, however, polarization is uniformly distributed. It
has been shown that polarization and space charge form a self – balanced
system. The charge trapped at the boundaries of the polarized regions
compensates the depolarizing field and stabilizes the residual
polarization. A phenomenological model has been developed to explain the
build-up of polarization in ferroelectric polymers where the deep
trapping of charge carriers is considered.

Key words: electrets, ferroelectric polymers, polarization, space
charge.

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