Aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y eaaei? i?iieneiaino?
Oe?a?ie
Iie?ioniaa Ieaia ?iiai?aia
OAeE 675.024.46
Aeei?enoaiiy niieoe oee?eii?th o ooo?iaiio
ae?iaieoeoa? aeey i?aeaeuaiiy
yeino? ae?ia?a
Niaoe?aeuei?noue 05.19.05 – oaoiieia?y oe??e oa ooo?a
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiienii
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Aea?aeaai?e aeaaeai?? eaaei? i?iieneiaino?
Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: Eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?,
caa?aeoth/ee
eaoaae?ith oaoiieia?? oe??e oa
ooo?a AeAEIO
AEo?aanueeee Aaneeue
Aioiiiae/.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: Caneoaeaiee ae?y/ iaoee ? oaoi?ee O?N?,
aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? eaaei?
i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie Aiio?i A?eoi? Aaneeueiae/.
Eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo
iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee , aee?aeoi? iaoeiai –
ai?iaaaeaeoaaeueiiai i?aei?e?inoaa ”AAI O?iiaoa??aee”
Ai?aa/ia Aiaoie?e
Aiae??eiae/.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oiaeueieoeueeee oaoiieia?/iee Oi?aa?neoao
“Iiae?eey”.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “19 o?aaiy” 1999 ?. i 10 aiaeei? a
eiioa?aioe?eiiio cae?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.102.04,
Aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? eaaei? i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie,
252011, i. Ee?a – 11, aoe. Iaie?iae/a-Aeai/aiea, 2
?c aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? AeAEIO
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ” 16 ea?oiy” 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
/AEo?aanueeee A.A./
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Iaiao?aei?noue caoenoo iaaeieeoiueiai
na?aaeiaeua a?ae oe?aeeeaeo aeey ethaeae oa i?e?iaee aeeeae?a noaaeoue
ia?aae ooaii-ooo?iaith aaeoccth caaaeaiiy ii ?ic?iaoe? iiaeo oaoiieia?e,
ui ia?aaeaa/athoue aeeeth/aiiy aai nooo?aa iaiaaeaiiy aeei?enoaiiy
aeieia?/ii oe?aeeeaeo o?i?/ieo iaoa??ae?a.
Ia iaio aaaeeeaith i?iaeaiith a ooaii-ooo?iaiio ae?iaieoeoa? ?
?icoe?aiiy ani?oeiaioo oa i?aeaeuaiiy yeino? i?iaeoeoe??. Ae?iae
ooo?iai? i?iieneiaino? ei?enoothoueny i?aeaeuaiei iiieoii oa
ae?iaeythoueny c ne?iaeie i?e?iaeiiai iioiaeaeaiiy. A ca’yceo c oeei
ia?aae ooo?iaith i?iieneia?noth noi?oue i?iaeaia aoaeoeai?oiai
aeei?enoaiiy aeao?oeeoii? ? aei?iai? ne?iaeie ca ?aooiie aaeineiiaeaiiy
oaoiieia?? ?? ia?a?iaee.
Nueiaiaei? ooo?iaa ae?iaieoeoai aeei?enoiao? aeey aeoaeaiiy o?iiia?
nie?, aea nooi?iue a?aei?aoethaaiiy oeeo niieoe aeoaea iecueea – 50% . ?
caeeoie oe?aeeeaeo niieoe iio?aiey? o no?/i? aiaee. Oiio aeioe?eueiei ?
cai?ia o?iiiaeo niieoe ?ioeie, iaio oe?aeeeaeie.
Ca aeoaeeueieie aeanoeainoyie niieoee oee?eii?th caeiathoue ae?oaa
i?noea i?ney o?iiiaeo. Oe??yia aaeocue aaea aeei?enoiaoaaea oee?eii??a?
aeoaeoae?, a naia – iniiaiee noeueoaoioee?eiiao iao??th, aea
iano?ee?noue oeeo niieoe o ?ic/ei? iio?aao? i?iaaaeaiiy i?ioean?a i?e
iecueeiio ?I, ui cieaeo? ye?noue ae?ia?a oa oneeaaeith? ae?iaie/ee
i?ioean. Oiio aeioe?eueiith oa iaiao?aeiith aoea ni?iaa aeei?enoaiiy
?ioeo oee?eii??aeo aeoaeoae?a, iai?eeeaae, i?iaeoeo?a ?ic/eio iniiaiiai
ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th a ioeoia?e eeneio? , aeoaeeuei? aeanoeaino? yeeo,
ia oaia??oi?e /an, i?aeoe/ii ia aea/ai?; a oaeiae iiaeeea?noue cai?ie
oeeo niieoe oee?eii?th a?aeiiei aaea noeueoaoioee?eiiaoii iao??th, aea
noaa?e?ciaaiei ioeoiaieeneei iao???i .
Aea?aiee iai?yiie aeine?aeaeaiue iiai?noth a?aeiia?aea? iai?yieo
iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue Aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? eaaei? i?iieneiaino?
Oe?a?ie “ ?ano?nicaa??aath/? oaoiieia?? oa ia?a?iaea a?aeoiae?a eaaei?
i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie”.
Iaoa ?iaioe iieyaa? a ?ic?iaoe? niiniao aeoaeaiiy ooaii? ia/eie
niieoeaie oee?eii?th, io?eiaieie c iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th oa
noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo iao??th, eiiieaeniiio aeine?aeaeaii? aeanoeainoae
oee?eii??aeo aeoaeoae?a oa oe??ii? oeaieie aioiaeo ooaieo ia/ei.
Cacia/aia iaoa aecia/eea iinoaiiaeo oa ?ica’ycoaaiiy ianooiieo iniiaieo
caaaeaiue:
– aea/eoe aieea oiia ?ic/eiaiiy iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th a
ioeoia?e eeneio? ia o?i?/i? oa aeoaeeuei? aeanoeaino? io?eiaieo niieoe
oee?eii?th;
– io?eiaoe i?iaeoeo aca?iiae?? noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo iao??th c
ioeoiaieeneei iao???i;
– aea/eoe aieea ia?aiao??a aeoaeaiiy iiaeie niieoeaie oee?eii?th ia
oi?ioth/? aeanoeaino? oeeo aeoaeoae?a oa o?i?/iee neeaae oe??ii? oeaieie
ooaii? ia/eie;
– ii??aiyoe iniaeeaino? aeoaeaiiy aea?ie c aeoaeaiiyi
noeueoaoioee?eiiaoii iao??th ? o?iiiaei aeoaeoaeai;
– ?ic?iaeoe oaoiieia?th aeoaeaiiy ooaii? ia/eie c aeei?enoaiiyi
io?eiaieo niieoe oee?eii?th;
– ca aeiiiiiaith no/anieo iaoiae?a aea/eoe i?e?iaeo aca?iiae?? niieoe
oee?eii?th c ooieoe?iiaeueieie a?oiaie eieaaaio;
– aeeiiaoe eiiieaeni? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeanoeainoae ooaii? ia/eie
oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui ia iniia? i?iaaaeaieo
eiiieaenieo aeine?aeaeaiue aeanoeainoae aeoaeeueieo niieoe oee?eii?th,
io?eiaieo ia aac? iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th oa noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo
iao??th, ?ic?iaeaii iiao oaoiieia?th oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy ooaii?
ia/eie i?e noi?uaii? i?ioean?a i?eaethaaiiy, aeoaeaiiy oa aee?oaaiiy.
Aecia/aii iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue, ui oa?aeoa?eco? aieea ia?aiao??a
aeoaeaiiy ia iieacieee oe??ii? oeaieie ooaii? ia/eie. Cai?iiiiiaaii
iaoai?ci aca?iiae?? iiaeo niieoe oee?eii?th c ooieoe?iiaeueieie a?oiaie
eieaaaio oa aecia/aii oa?aeoa? ca’yce?a.
I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui iiaeia :
– eaaei io?eiaoe ?ic/eie oee?eii??aeo aeoaeoae?a a oiiaao
ae?iaieoeoaa;
– i?iaanoe i?ioean o iaio eeneiio na?aaeiaeu? oa aeinyaoe iaiao?aeio
oaiia?aoo?o caa?thaaiiy aac ei?eaoaaiiy ?I eoaeieie ?aaaaioaie;
– cieceoe aei i?i?ioio caa?oaeiai?noue no?/ieo aiae;
– ciaioeoe iio?aao aiaei-, oaiei?ano?n?a ca ?aooiie noi?uaiiy i?ioean?a
i?eaethaaiiy, aeoaeaiiy oa aee?oaaiiy;
– io?eiaoe ooaio ia/eio aeniei? yeino?, ui oa?aeoa?eco?oueny a?eei
eieuei?ii, i’ye?noth, ieanoe/i?noth, oi?ioith iaiiaiai?noth oe??ii?
oeaieie (i?e ia?a?iaoe? iecueeini?oii? oa iooei? ne?iaeie);
– i?aeaeueoe ni?oi?noue oa ca?eueoeoe aeo?ae ca ieiuath ia 5-6% aioiaeo
ooaieo ia/ei, oiaoi aoaeoeai?oa aeei?enoiaoaaoe aei?iao ooo?iao
ne?iaeio.
Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oe??? oaoiieia?? ia iio?aao? cia/ieo ci?i oaoiieia?/iiai
i?ioeano ae?th/iai i?aei?e?inoaa.
Ae?iaie/a aei?iaoaaiiy oaoiieia?? o aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueiiio oeaoo
Oeniaieoeueei? ooo?iai? oaa?eee iieacaei, ui io?eiaia ooaia ia/eia
a?aeiia?aea? aeiiaai AeANO. I/?eoaaia aeiiii?/ia aoaeoeai?noue
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy neeaaea 131,75 a?i. ia 100 i? aioiai? i?iaeoeoe?? ca
?aooiie i?aeaeuaiiy ni?oiino? oa ca?eueoaiiy aeoiaeo ca ieiuath, ia
a?aoiaoth/e aoaeoeaiino? ca ?aooiie caa?aaeaiiy iaaeieeoiueiai
na?aaeiaeua.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? a eiiieaeniiio aeine?aeaeaii?
aeanoeainoae niieoe oee?eii?th ia aac? iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th
oa noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo iao??th; ?ic?iaoe? ia?aiao??a aeoaeaiiy iiaeie
oee?eii??aeie aeoaeoaeyie. Aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeeeaino? noi?uaiiy
i?ioean?a i?eaethaaiiy, aeoaeaiiy oa aee?oaaiiy, a oaeiae aeanoeainoae
aeaeoaeaieo ooaieo ia/ei i?iaaaeaii caeiaoaa/ai i?ae ea??aieoeoaii
i?io. AEo?aanueeiai A.A. oa e.o.i. Ie?eieea I.I. Ae?iaie/? aei?iaoaaiiy
iiaeo oee?eii??aeo aeoaeoae?a aaoi?ii i?iaaaeaii naiino?eii.
Caeiaoaa/ai iniaenoi aecia/aii iiaeeeao i?e?iaeo aca?iiae?? io?eiaieo
aeoaeoae?a c aeoeaieie a?oiaie eieaaaio oa aieea ia?aiao??a
oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy ia aenieoaoaoe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee aioiai? ooaii?
ia/eie.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeeny ia iaoeiaeo
eiioa?aioe?yo iieiaeeo a/aieo oa nooaeaio?a AeAEIO o 1996-1998 ?ieao, a
oaeiae ia I?aeia?iaeiiio ooo?iaiio eiia?an? o A?aoe?? a 1998 ?ioe?.
Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? o 3-o noaooyo
aeo?iae?a: “Eaaea i?iieneia?noue” (1997-1998 ?. ?.), “A?niee
Aei?i?iiao?ianueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo. Aeieia?y / A?ieia?y”, “Ca??ea
iaoeiaeo aeiiia?aeae I?aeia?iaeiiai ooo?iaiai eiia?ano. A?aoe?y”.
Io?eiaii Iaoaio ?O ? 2125096 oa iiaeaii 2 cayaee ia aeiao?ae ?iaioa
a?aecia/aia na?oeo?eaoii I?aeia?iaeiiai ooo?iaiai eiia?ano o A?aoe??
(1998 ?.) ii ?icae?eo “Aeieia?/ii /eno? oaoiieia??”.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya: Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 170 noi??ieao
iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, aeeth/a? anooi, i’youe ?icae?e?a, a?ae?ia?ao?th oa
aeiaeaoee. ?iaioa i?noeoue 28 oaaeeoeue; 14 iaethie?a.
A?ae?ia?ao?y aeeth/a? 139 iaeiaioaaiue a?o/eciyii? oa ca?oa?aeii?
e?oa?aoo?e.
CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? aeaii iaa?oiooaaiiy aeooaeueiino? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe,
aeeeaaeai? iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ?icaeyiooi? i?iaeaie, aecia/ai? iaoa oa
caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, i?aaenoaaeai? iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy.
A ?icae?e? ? ocaaaeueiaii iayai? aeai? i?i io?eiaiiy, aea/aiiy
aeanoeainoae oa canoinoaaiiy o oe??yiiio oa ooo?iaiio ae?iaieoeoaao
oee?eii??aeo aeoaeoae?a. ?icaeyiooi iaoai?ci aca?iiae?? niieoe
oee?eii?th c eieaaaiii, a oaeiae aieea ianeiaaieo ?aaaaio?a ia
aeanoeaino? oee?eii??aeo aeoaeoae?a. Aiane?aeie aeeiiaiiai ocaaaeueiaiiy
c o?aooaaiiyi iniiaieo iai?yie?a ?icaeoeo ooo?iai? i?iieneiaino?
aecia/ai? iaoa oa caaaeaiiy ?iaioe.
A ?icae?e? ?? iienaii ia’?eoe oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiue. sse ia’?eoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeei?enoiaoaaee:
1) aieeio ?iiai?anueei? ia/eie, ia?iaeo yei? aei i’yeoaiiy,
ciaaee?thaaiiy oa i?iieaee aeeth/ii aeeiioaaee ca “Oaoiieia??th
ae?iaieoeoaa oe?? aeey aa?oa acoooy, i?aeeeaaeee, iaeyao oa
aaeaioa?aeieo ae?ia?a c ia/eie”;
2) ia/eio ?iiai?anueeo, ia?iaeo yei? aei ciaaee?thaaiiy aieinyiiai
iie?eao oa i?iieaee aeeth/ii aeeiioaaee ca “Oaoiieia??th ia?iaee ooaieo
ia/ei”.
C iaoith aeeeth/aiiy aieeao aeanoeainoae aeei?enoaiiai iai?aoaa?eeaoo
oe??e ia iniiai? iieacieee oa io?eiaiiy aeinoia??ieo ?acoeueoao?a i?e
eiiieaeooaaii? c?ace?a canoiniaoaaany iaoiae aneiao?e/ii? aao?iie, o
iai?aae?iaie/eo aei?iaoaaiiyo – iaoiae ia?ai?iieo iieiaeiie.
A yeino? aeoaeoae?a aoee aeei?enoai? noaa?e?ciaai? oee?eii??a?
aeoaeoae?, io?eiai? oeyoii:
– ?ic/eiaiiy iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th a ioeoia?e eeneio? (aeae?
IEOe/IE);
– aca?iiae?? iniiaiiai noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo iao??th c ioeoiaieeneei
iao???i (aeae? NOeI/AoeI).
sse eiio?ieuei? – o?iiiaee aeoaeoaeue iniiai?noth 40% oa
noeueoaoioee?eiiao iao??th (aeae? NOeI).
A ?iaio? aeei?enoaii eiiieaen o?i?/ieo, o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo iaoiae?a
aei?iaoaaiue. No?ee?noue noaa?e?ciaaieo oee?eii??aeo aeoaeoae?a
ioe?ithaaee iaoiaeii iioaioe?iiao?e/iiai oeo?oaaiiy. Aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee
i?oeiino? i?aeeaioethaiaeo ca’yce?a a no?oeoo?? eieaaaio, ooai?aieo a
i?ioean? aeoaeaiiy, aecia/aee oaiia?aoo?o caa?thaaiiy. I?oei?noue
ca’yce?a niieoe oee?eii?th c eieaaaiii oa?aeoa?ecoaaee no?ee?noth aei
?icaeoaethaaiiy. Aeeooc?th aeoaeeueieo ?ic/ei?a niieoe oee?eii?th a
no?oeoo?o aea?ie aecia/aee ca oaeaee?noth i?iieeiaiiy ?o a nooae?iue
aeaeaoeio. Ieoiio iiaa?oith oe??ii? oeaieie aecia/aee iaoiaeii AAO c
aeei?enoaiiyi aaco a?aiio. Aca?iiae?th niieoe oee?eii?th c
ooieoe?iiaeueieie a?oiaie a?eeo aea/aee ca aeiiiiiaith iaoiaeo
?io?a/a?aiii? niaeo?ineii??. Aeey ioe?iee cai?ioiino? ooai?aieo
i?aeeaioethaiaeo ca’yce?a a no?oeoo?? a?eea aeine?aeaeoaaee ci?io
oaiia?aoo?e caa?thaaiiy i?e iine?aeiai?e ia?iaoe? oe??ii? oeaieie
oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy eoaeieie ?ic/eiaie i?e ??ciiio cia/aii? ?I c
ianooiiith iaeo?ae?caoe??th eoao ?ic/eiii n??/aii? eeneioe. Iioeiaeuei?
ia?aiao?e i?ioeano aeoaeaiiy – aee?oaaiiy aecia/aee iaoiaeii
iaoaiaoe/iiai ieaioaaiiy aenia?eiaioo c aeei?enoaiiyi i?oiaiiaeueiiai
ieaio ae?oaiai ii?yaeeo.
A ?icae?e? III iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue o?i?/ieo oa
o?i?ei-oaoiieia?/ieo aeanoeainoae niieoe oee?eii?th oa ?ic?iaeaii
oaoiieia?th oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy ooaii? ia/eie.
Aeoaeeueiee ?ic/ei IEOe/IE io?eioaaee oeyoii ?ic/eiaiiy iniiaiiai
ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th a ioeoia?e eeneio?. Aeey aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueiiai
iieueiiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy NI3NIII: ZrO2 aeoaeeueiiai ?ic/eio IEOe/IE
aea/aee aieea oiia ?ic/eiaiiy IEOe a ioeoia?e eeneio? (oaae. 1).
Oaaeeoey 1
Aieea oiia ?ic/eiaiiy IEOe a ioeoia?e eeneio? ia iieacieee io?eiaieo
?ic/ei?a niieoe oee?eii?th
Aeo?aoe *an E?euee?noue Iieacieee ?ic/eio
? i/i NI3NIII (iieue ia iieue ZrO2) ?ic/eiaiiy, aiaeei ZrO2 a ?ic/ei?, %
a?ae ii/aoe. Eiioeaio?a-oe?y ZrO2, a/e *enei iniiaiino?, % ?I
1 2 2,5 41,0 – – –
2 2 4,5 54,5 – – –
3 2 6,5 58,0 44,6 – 4,95
4 3 2,5 57,5 – – –
5 3 4,5 89,5 – – –
6 3 6,5 100 111,5 43,1 4,55
7 4 2,5 87,5 – – –
8 4 4,5 100 111,5 29,4 4,28
9 6 2,5 96,5 – – –
10 6 4,5 100 113,1 4,6 3,87
?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeo na?ae/aoue i?i oa , ui oaeaee?noue
?ic/eiaiiy c?inoa? o /an? oa ii i??? i?aeaeuaiiy ni?aa?aeiioaiiy iieae
NI3NIII : ZrO2. Iiaiee ia?ao?ae o ?ic/ei niieoe oee?eii?th
a?aeaoaa?oueny aaea i?e i?i?iaeueiiio ni?aa?aeiioaii? 3 iiey NI3NIII ia
iieue ZrO2, i?e oeueiio ?I ?ic/eio noaiiaeoue 4,55.
Aeoaeeueiee ?ic/ei NOeI/AoeI io?eioaaee oeyoii aaaaeaiiy o ?ic/ei
noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo iao??th ioeoiaieeneiai iao??th.
Aeey aea/aiiy no?eeino? io?eiaieo ?ic/ei?a niieoe oee?eii?th i?iaiaeeee
iioaioe?iiao?e/ia oeo?oaaiiy eoaii. Aoee i?eaioiaeai? aea?iiey?i?
?ic/eie IEOe/IE oa NOeI/AoeI, ye eiio- ?ieuei? – ?ic/ei noeueoaoo o?iio
oa NOeI. ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaio?a iieacaee, ui ii/aoie iiiooi?iiy aeey
?ic/ei?a IEOe/IE oa?aeoa?ecoaaany ?I 4,8 , aeey ?ic/ei?a NOeI/AoeI –
?I 5,0, oiae? ye aeey eiio?ieueiiai ?ic/eio NOeI ?I ii/aoeo iiiooi?iiy
noaiiaea 1,9. Oea na?ae/eoue i?i aenieo no?ee?noue io?eiaieo ?ic/ei?a
niieoe oee?eii?th o ii??aiyii? c ?ic/eiii NOeI. Oeae aeniiaie aoa
i?aeoaa?aeaeaiee ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeo ii aea/aiith aieeao ?ic/eiaiiy
oa noa??iiy ia no?ee?noue ?ic/ei?a IEOe/IE (c ??ciei ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi
NI3NIII ia iieue ZrO2) (oaae. 2).
Oaaeeoey 2
Aieea ?ic/eiaiiy oa noa??iiy ?ic/ei?a niieoe oee?eii?th ia ?o
no?ee?noue
NOeI IEOe/IE i?e aeo?aoao ioeoiai? eeneioe a iieyo ia iieue ZrO2
O?eaae?noue ?I oa noai o?eaae?noue 3,0 4,0 6,0
caa??aaiiy, ?ic/ei?a eii-oeaio?aoe??th ZrO2 caa??aaiiy ?I oa noai
?ic/ei?a eiioeaio?aoe??th ZrO2
aiae. 20 5 1 ae?a 20 5 1 20 5 1 20 5 1
1 1,75 1,93 2,50 iooue 0 4,35 4,30 4,25 4,00 4,05 4,10 3,75
3,78 3,90
16 1,75 1,93 iooue 2,50 aeiaae 1 4,34 4,30 4,25 4,00 4,05 4,10
3,78 3,81 3,81
24 1,75 1,93 aeiaae 2,50 5 4,35 4,25 4,25 3,87 4,00 4,04 3,77
3,80 3,85
48 1,75 1,93 2,50 10 4,35 4,30 4,25 3,98 4,05 4,12 3,77 3,80 3,87
72 1,75 iooue 1,93 2,50 15 4,32 4,25 4,30 4,02 4,05 4,15 3,75
3,77 3,85
96 1,75 aeiaae 1,93 2,50 20 4,35 4,30 4,25 4,00 4,05 4,15 3,76 3,79 3,88
30 4,35 4,30 4,30 4,02 4,10 4,15 3,77 3,79 3,88
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeo na?ae/aoue, ui ?ic/eie noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo
iao??th (NOeI) eiioeaio?aoe??th 1 a/e iooi?ee aaea /a?ac 1 aiaeeio, 20
a/e – /a?ac 72 aiaeeie, a ?ic/eie IEOe/IE i?e eiioeaio?aoe?? 20, 5 oa 1
a/e caeeoathoueny i?ici?eie c iaci?iiei ?I ia i?ioyc? 30 ae?a. Aeniea
no?ee?noue io?eiaieo ?ic/ei?a iia’ycaia c ooai?aiiyi noaa?eueieo
eiiieaen?a ioeoiaieeneeo oee?eii??aeo nieae.
Aeanoeaino? ?ic/ei?a IEOe/IE oa NOeI/AoeI ioe?ithaaee ca ?acoeueoaoaie
aeeooc?? niieoe oee?eii?th eiioeaio?aoe??th 10 oa 25 a/e o 2,5%
nooae?iue aeaeaoeio (aeaeaoei aeei?enoiaoaaee, ye iiaeaeue eieaaaio) i?e
aeaio ??aiyo ?I . E?ea? ?en. 1.a. oa 1.a. oa?aeoa?ecothoue oaeaee?noue
i?iieeiaiiy /anoie aeoaeoaey a nooae?iue aeaeaoeio.
?en. 1. Aeeooc?y a nooae?iue aeaeaoeio ?ic/ei?a aeoaeoae?a
eiioeaio?aoe??th 10 a/e ZrO2 ? Cr2I3 (a) oa 25 a/e
ZrO2 ? Cr2I3 (a)
E?eaa 1 – ?ic/ei IEOe/IE, ?I – 4,1; 1′ – ?ic/ei IEOe/IE, ?I – 3,4;
2 – ?ic/ei NOeI/AoeI, ?I – 4,2; 2′ – ?ic/ei NOeI/AoeI, ?I – 3,4;
3 – ?ic/ei NOeI, ?I – 1,8; 4 – ?ic/ei o?iiiaiai
aeoaeoaey, ?I – 3,7
Oaeaee?noue i?iieeiaiiy io?eiaieo niieoe oee?eii?th a nooae?iue
aeaeaoeio aeua, i?ae oaeaee?noue i?iieeiaiiy noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo
iao??th, aea ieae/a i?ae o?iiiaiai aeoaeoaey. Oea coiiaeaii ??cieoeath o
?ici??? aeoaeeueieo /anoie oa ni?aoe?eiith aeoeai?noth aeoaeoaey. ?ici??
/anoie aeoaeeueieo ?ic/ei?a IEOe/IE ? NOeI/AoeI iaioee, a ni?aoe?eia
aeoeai?noue NOeI – a?eueoa, oiio oaeaee?noue aeeooc?? ia?oeo aeaio
?ic/ei?a – aeua. Aiae?c e?eaeo na?ae/eoue, ui ia aeeooc?th aeoaeoaey
aieeaa? oaeiae eiioeaio?aoe?y aeoaeeueiiai ?ic/eio oa ?I na?aaeiaeua.
I?e eiioeaio?aoe?? 25 a/e oaeeo aeoaeoae?a ye IEOe/OE ? NOeI/AoeI oa
i?e cieaeaii? ?I aei ??aiy 3,4 aeeooc?y i?ioiaeeoue ?ioaineai?oa (?en.
1.a.).
Aeey aea/aiiy ??aiii??iino? ?iciiae?eo niieoe oee?eii?th a no?oeoo??
aea?ie, ?ic/ei 5%-ai nooaeiy aeaeaoeio aoa caaeoaeaiee noaa?e?ciaaieie
aoeaoao-?iiaie niieoeaie oee?eii?th, oiaoi IEOe/IE oa NOeI/AoeI (oaae.
3). I?e caaeoaeai? nooaeiy eiio?ieueiei noeueoaoioee?eiiaoii iao??th
ooai?thaaeanue cia/ia e?euee?noue eiaaoeyoo, ui iia’ycaii c neeueiith
aaeni?aoe?eiith aca?iiae??th, aeeth/ath/e ooai?aiiy aiaeiaaeo ca’yce?a
oa ca’yce?a i?ae iaioeaeieie a?oiaie eieaaaio. Oaea aca?iiae?y ia ni?ey?
neeueiiio aieeao ia a?ae?ioa?i?/io noae?noue aea?ie, oiio oaiia?aoo?a
ieaaeaiiy o oeueiio ?ac? iaeieae/a.
I?e caaeoaeai? io?eiaieie ?ic/eiaie nieae oee?eii?th nooaeiy aeaeaoeio
niinoa??aaeany iacia/ia e?euee?noue iiaeanoeaioieo /anoie eiaaoeyoo, ui
noai?thaaei oiiae aeey a?eueo ??aiii??iiai ?iciiae?eo aeoaeoaey a
nooaeai? aeaeaoeio.
Oaaeeoey 3
Oaiia?aoo?a ieaaeaiiy 5 % – aiai nooaeiy
aeaeaoeio, ia?iaeaiiai niieoeaie oee?eii?th
Aeae niieoe oee?eii?th aeo?aoe ZrO2 a?ae iane a?eea, % Oaiia?aoo?a
ieaaeaiiy 5%-iai nooaeiy aeaeaoeio,°N Ianya eiaaoeyoo, ooai?aiiai i?e
ci?ooaaii? ?ic/ei?a aeoaeoaey oa aeaeaoeia, %
IEOe/IE 4,0 74 ±± 1,0 8 ±± 2
8,0 76 ±± 1,0 10 ±± 3
NOeI/AoeI 4,0 73 ±± 1,0 12 ±± 2
8,0 75 ±± 1,0 13 ±± 2
NOeI 4,0 67 ±± 1,0 40 ±± 3
(iniiai?noth 38%) 8,0 69 ±± 1,0 40 ±± 3
Ia c?aceao i?eaeueiaaii? aieeie, aeaeoaeaii? niieoeaie IEOe/IE oa
NOeI/AoeI aea/aee caeaaei?noue a?ae?ioa?i?/ii? noaeino? aea?ie a?ae
aeo?ao niieoe oee?eii?th. I?e ioe?ioe? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeo (?en. 2)
aoee aecia/ai? i?i?iaeuei? aeo?aoe oee?eii??aiai aeoaeoaey, iaiao?aei?
aeey aeinyaiaiiy oaiia?aoo?e caa?thaaiiy, yea a caaeiaieueiyea aeiiaai
AeANO. Eiio?ieueieie aoee c?acee aeoaeai? NOeI.
Ia?aiao?e ia?iaee: ia i?eaeueio aaiio aeicoaaeenue aeoaeoae? i?e
aeo?aoao 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 – 6,0% o ia?a?aooieo ia ZrO2; ?E 0,7; oaiia?aoo?a
– 20°N; o?eaae?noue – 18 a. A?aei?aoeueiaaia ??aeeia ai?uoaaea o?eueee
ne?aee ZrO2 . ?I i?ney aeoaeaiiy – 3,9-4,0, ui aeaei ciiao ia i?iaiaeeoe
ei?eaoaaiiy ?I, ye oea ?iaeyoue i?e o?iiiaiio aeoaeaii?.
?en. 2. E?ea? caeaaei?noue oaiia?aoo?e caa?thaaiiy a?ae aeo?ao niieoe
oee?eii?th.
A?ao?/ia cia?aaeaiiy caeaaeiino? oaiia?aoo?e caa?thaaiiy a?ae aeo?ao
niieoe oee?eii?th iieaco?, ui iaeneiaeueio oaiia?aoo?o caa?thaaiiy
iiaeia io?eiaoe i?e aeo?aoao 3% IEOe/IE ? NOeI/AoeI o ia?a?aooieo ia
ZrO2. Iiaeaeueoa i?aeaeuaiiy aeo?ao aeoaeoaey ia aea? cia/iiai c?inoaiiy
oaiia?aoo?e caa?thaaiiy iai?aoaa?eeaoo. Oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy i?e
aeo?aoao io?eiaieo aeoaeoae?a – 3% ZrO2 noaiiaeoue 88-89°N. I?ney
aeoaeaiiy NOeI c iaeneiaeueieie aeo?aoaie oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy –
93-94°N. Oeth ??cieoeth iiaeia iiynieoe oei, ui ii i??? i?aeaeuaiiy
aeo?ao IEOe/IE ? NOeI/AoeI c?inoa? iana aoeaoao-?ii?a o ?ic/ei?, ye?
ciaioothoue iiaeeea?noue aoiaeaeaiiy ooieoe?iiaeueieo a?oi eieaaaio o
aioo??oith noa?o oee?eii??aiai eiiieaeno c ooai?thaaiiyi i?oeieo
i?aeiieaeoey?ieo ca’yce?a. O ?ac? aeoaeaiiy NOeI, oaeee oaeoi?
aeeeth/a?oueny. A?eueo no??ie?oee i?e??no oaiia?aoo?e caa?thaaiiy a ?ac?
aeoaeaiiy aeine?aeaeoaaieie ?ic/eiaie iiynith?oueny ca?eueoaiith
caeaoi?noth aeoaeoaey aeeooiaeoaaoe o no?oeoo?o aea?ie oa eiai
no?ee?noth aei a?ae?ie?co.
Oi?ioth/o ae?th aeine?aeaeoaaieo aeoaeoae?a ioe?ithaaee ca
?acoeueoaoaie o?i?/iiai aiae?co oa o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo aei?iaoaaiue
aeaeoaeaii? oe??e . A oaaeeoe? 4 iaaaaeai? iaea?eueo oa?aeoa?i?
iieacieee iai?aoaa?eeaoo aeaeoaeaiiai IEOe/IE oa NOeI/AoeI.
Oaaeeoey 4
Iieacieee aeanoeainoae iai?aoaa?eeaoo
Iieacieee IEOe/IE NOeI/AoeI NOeI OAe
Oiaueia, ii 0,93 1,04 1,09 1,13
Iaaea i?oeiino? i?e ?icoyc?, IIa*10 2,9±±0,18 2,68±±0,17 2,54±±0,16
2,35±±0,24
Iai?oaa i?e iiya? o??uei eeoeueiaiai oa?o, IIa*10 2,16±±0,27 1,49±±0,22
1,75±±0,28 1,75±±0,17
Ai?no a oe???, % o ia?a?aooieo ia aaniethoii nooo ?a/iaeio:
-i?ia?aeueieo ?a/iaei 8,11 8,05 8,07 4,67
-ae?ieneaeo oee?eii?th 6,47 6,41 6,38 –
-ieneaeo o?iio – – – 3,51
-aieeiii? ?a/iaeie 77,00 75,90 80,40 85,10
-aieiae 12,50 11,40 13,20 13,60
Oyaia ieoiia aaaa , a/ni3 0,526±±0,11 0,512±±0,005 0,576±±0,10
0,502±±0,012
Ia’?iiee aeo?ae 282,80 290,20 248,80 271,00
Aeo?ae ca ieiuath, % aei aeoiaeo o?iiiai? oe??e 112,60 113,90 99,30
100,00
?I oei?eae??ai? aeoyaeee 4,4 4,5 3,8 4,1
Iai?aoaa?eeao, aeaeoaeaiee IEOe/IE ? NOeI/AoeI oa?aeoa?ecoaaany
a?eueoei ia’?iiei aeoiaeii, a?eueoei aeoiaeii ii ieiu? a?aeiinii ieiu?
o?iiiai? oe??e. Oyaia ieoiia aaaa oe??, aeaeoaeaieo NOeI, aeua i?ae oeae
iieaciee oe??, aeoaeaieo IEOe/IE, NOeI/AoeI oa OAe. Oe??e, aeaeoaeai?
IEOe/IE oa NOeI/AoeI, aoee i’yeoeie oa aeanoe/i?oeie, a?eiai eieuei?o.
?acoeueoaoe o?i?/iiai aiae?co na?ae/aoue i?i ca?eueoaiiy ai?noo
i?ia?aeueieo ?a/iaei, ciaioaiiy iieaciee?a aieeiii? ?a/iaeie; ai?no
ZrO2 a aea?i? noaiiaea 6,38-6,47%. Oaeei /eiii, aea/aiiy aeoaeeueii?
ae?? IEOe/IE ? NOeI/AoeI iieacaei, ui a oe?eiio aeine?aeaeoaai?
aeoaeoae? i?iyaeythoue aenieo oi?ioth/o oa iaiiaithaaeueio ae?th. Oea
iineoaeeei iniiaith aeey aea/aiiy iiaeeeaino? canoinoaaiiy oaeeo
oee?eii??aeo niieoe o ooo?iaiio ae?iaieoeoa?.
I?iaaaeaii aeoaeaiiy ooaii? ia/eie i?e ?E 5, oa i?iaiae?ciaaii
iiaeeea?noue noi?uaiiy i?ioean?a i?eaethaaiiy, aeoaeaiiy oa aee?oaaiiy.
Ia i?eaeueio aaiio (?E 5, NaCl – 45 a/e, H2SO4 –
1,5 a/e, NI3NIII – 3 a/e) aeiaeaaaee ?ic/eie IEOe/IE oa NOeI/AoeI
eiioeaio?aoe??th 5 a/e ZrO2, oaiia?aoo?a – 30°N. *a?ac 2 aiaeeie i?ney
ii/aoeo aeoaeaiiy aeiaeaaaee aioeuen?th i?ia?aeueiiai ianea ? 12-I, ?I
3,8, caaaeueia o?eaae?noue i?ioeano aeoaeaiiy-aee?oaaiiy – 12 aiaeei. Ia
aioiaeo c?aceao ooaii? ia/eie oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy i?iaiaeeee
o?i?/iee aiae?c oa o?ceei-iaoai?/i? aei?iaoaaiiy. A?eueoee aeo?ae ca
ieiuath, a?eueoee ia’?iiee aeo?ae oa oyaia ieoiia aaaa c?ace?a ooaii?
ia/eie (o c??aiyii? c? c?aceaie ooaii? ia/eie o?iiiaiai aeoaeaiiy oa
aeoaeaiiy NOeI) i?aeoaa?aeeee oi?ioo oi?ioth/o oa iaiiaithaaeueio ae?th
aeoaeoae?a IEOe/IE oa NOeI/AoeI i?e ae/eioe? ooaii? ia/eie.
I?aaiie?ioe/ii ia aoei aeyaeaii caaee?aiiy ooaii? ia/eie i?e noi?uaii?
i?ioean?a oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy-aee?oaaiiy; oe??ia oeaieia
oa?aeoa?ecoaaeany i’ye?noth, oi?ioith iaiiaiai?noth.
AEe?oaaiiy aeeiioaaee i?ia?aeueiei ianeii, ye ia?aaeaa/a?oueny
iaoiaeeeith ae/eiee ooaii? ia/eie o?iiiaiai aeoaeaiiy. Oiio aeioe?eueiei
aoei aea/eoe iiaeeea?noue aee?oaaiiy ?ioeie aeaeaie aee?oth/eo ?a/iaei.
Ii??aithaaee ye?noue oe??ii? oeaieie, aee?iaaii? i?ia?aeueiei ianeii oa
ianoith AI??AE. I?e i?aiiie?ioe/i?e ioe?ioe? oe??ieo oeaiei aeyaeaii
e?au? iieacieee (i’ye?noue, aeanoe/i?noue) i?e aee?oaaii? ianoith
AI??AE, i?ae i?ia?aeueiei ianeii. Aieinyiee iie?ea i?e oeueiio ia
caaee?oaaany.
Iiaeeea?noue oa?aoaaiiy ooaii? ia/eie oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy ai?iiieie
aa?aieeaie aea/aee iie?ath/enue ia iaoiaeeeo oa?aoaaiiy o?iiiai? oe??e.
Ine?eueee aeoaeaiiy IEOe/IE oa NOeI/AoeI caaa?ooaaee i?e ?I 3,6-4,0, oi
aaea i?ney ae?oai? i?iieaee a?aeaeaoee iai?aoaa?eeao iaa ?I 4,2-4,4. A
ca’yceo c oeei aoea anoaiiaeaia iiaeeea?noue aeeeth/aiiy i?ioeano
iaeo?ae?caoe?? o?inoeueoaoii iao??th aai ai?aeii, yeee i?iaiaeeoueny
aeey i?aeaeuaiiy ?I iai?aoaa?eeaoo ia?aae oa?aoaaiiyi o?iiiai? oe??e ii
ae?th/?e iaoiaeeoe?.
Io?eiaii iiceoeai? ?acoeueoaoe oa?aoaaiiy oe??ii? oeaieie ia/eie
aa?aieeaie – i?yiei /i?iei 3, ai?iiiei /i?iei oa ai?iiiei ei?e/iaaei i?e
oaeeo ci?iao ae?th/i? oaoiieia??:
– aeeeth/aiiy iaeo?ae?caoe?? iai?aoaa?eeaoo;
– cae??ieaiiy aa?aieea ia aieiei? niieoeaie aethi?i?th ia caeeth/i?e
noaae?? oa?aoaaiiy;
– aeeiiaiiy iia?aoe?? “nieea” niieoeaie aethi?i?th.
I?e oeeo ci?iao aoei io?eiaii ia/eio, oe??ia oeaieia yei? iaea iiaiee
i?ie?an, iane/aia, no?eea aei oa?oy oa?aoaaiiy. Oe??ia oeaieia i?e
oeueiio caa??aaea i’ye?noue, i?oei?noue, aeaoi?iaoe?ei? aeanoeaino? oa
iaea iaiao?aeio oaiia?aoo?o caa?thaaiiy.
Aeey aeai?o iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a i?ioeano aeoaeaiiy aoa
iinoaaeaiee iiaiee oaeoi?iee aenia?eiaio ?c canoinoaaiiyi
i?oiaiiaeueiiai ieaioaaiiy ae?oaiai ii?yaeeo. Iaoiae aeicaieea aecia/eoe
caeaaei?noue aeanoeainoae oe??ii? oeaieie ooaii? ia/eie aiaeii/an a?ae
aeaio ia?aiao??a i?ioeano aeoaeaiiy – aee?oaaiiy : ii/aoeiai?
eiioeaio?aoe?? aeoaeoaey IEOe/IE oa eiioeaio?aoe?? aee?oth/i? ?a/iaeie.
A oaaeeoe? 5 i?aaenoaaeai? iieacieee aeanoeainoae oe??ii? oeaieie ooaii?
ia/eie, aeaeoaeaii? aeoaeoaeyie ??cieo eiioeaio?aoe?e oa i?e ??cieo
aeo?aoao aee?oth/i? ?a/iaeie.
Oaaeeoey 5
Aeanoeaino? oe??ii? oeaieie ooaii? ia/eie
Iieacieee oe??ii? ? aa??aioo
oeaieie 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ii/aoeiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y ?aaaaio?a ZrO2 7 3,5 7 3,5 3,5 7 5,25
5,25 5,25
I?e aeoaeaii?-aee?oaaii?, a/e aee?oth/a ?a/iaeia 6 6 2 2 4 4 2 6
4
Oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy, °°N 89 77 90 77 77 89 86 86 86
Oyaia ieoiia aaaa, a/ni3 0,498±± ±±0,011 0,520±± ±±0,013 0,556±± ±±0,01
0,569±± ±±0,012 0,536±± ±±0,014 0,524±± ±±0,010 0,512±± ±±0,09 0,480±±
±±0,010 0,488±± ±±0,01
Ieiua aioiai? ia/eie, % A?ae ieiu? ne?iaeie 93,6 95,9 92,6 94,7
95,1 93,2 94,7 95,8 95,4
AEi?noe?noue oe??ii? oeaieie, 10-2I 13,1 14,9 16,7 17,6 15,9 13,7
12,8 10,5 11,0
I?iaeiaaeaiiy oaaeeoe? 5
Oiaueia, ii 1,25 1,18 1,21 1,14 1,16 1,24 1,19 1,21 1,20
Iaaea i?oeiino? i?e ?icoyc? , IIa*10 1,72±± ±±0,11 1,94±± ±±0,11 1,58±±
±±0,12 1,80±± ±±0,12 1,90±± ±±0,16 1,68±± ±±0,12 1,65±± ±±0,11 1,95±±
±±0,10 1,88±± ±±0,11
I?oei?noue eeoeueiaiai oa?o, IIa*10 1,57±± ±±0,10 1,80±± ±±0,12 1,42±±
±±0,10 1,51±± ±±0,09 1,76±± ±±0,08 1,54±± ±±0,10 1,58±± ±±0,08 1,80±±
±±0,1 1,72±± ±±0,07
Aeaeiaaeaiiy i?e iai?oc? 4,9 Iia 26,0 25,6 21,5 20,1 23,2 24,2
22,6 29,2 26,4
% i?e ?ic?ea? 56,7 57,7 48,2 50,2 54,2 52,4 53,7 64,6 58,2
Ianiaa aeiey a oe??i?e oeaieie, % (ia aaniethoii nooo ?a/iaeio):
i?ia?aeueieo ?a/iaei 13,24 10,49 13,49 10,98 10,56
13,31 12,42 12,05 12,28
ZrO2 7,49 4,72 7,74 4,85 4,79 7,61 6,51 6,31 6,44
aee?oth/eo ?a/iaei 12,8 13,0 6,4 6,9 11,2 11,0 7,1 12,7 10,4
?I aiaeiaai? aeoyaeee 3,85 4,30 3,70 4,38 4,34 3,81 4,32 4,40 4,38
Ia i?aenoaa? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo aoee io?eiai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae?
caeaaeiino? aeanoeainoae oe??ii? oeaieie ooaii? ia/eie a?ae
aeine?aeaeoaaieo oaeoi??a i?ioeano aeoaeaiiy – aee?oaaiiy:
– oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy;
=87,6 + 6,2 x1 – 0,2 x2 – 0,25 x1 x2 – 4,1 x1?- 1 x2?;
C ZrO2 – 5,25 Nae.?. – 4
Aea x1 = , x2 =
,
1,75
2
C ZrO2 – eiioeaio?aoe?y niieoe oee?eii?th a ?ic?aooieo ia ZrO2 ,
N ae. ?. – eiioeaio?aoe?y aee?oth/i? ?a/iaeie;
– aeo?ae ii ieiu?;
= 97,2 – 1,05 x1 + 0,55 x2 – 0,05 x1 x2 – 2,5 x1? – 1,4 x2?;
– i?oei?noue;
= 11,2 – 0,82 x1 – 1,4 x2 – 1,6 x1 x2 + 3,67 x1? + 0,5 x2?;
– oyaia ieoiia aaaa;
= 0,499 – 0,0078 x1 – 0,023 x2 – 0,0023 x1 x2 + 0,033 x1? – 0,0013 x2?;
– iaaea i?oeiino? i?e ?icoyc?;
= 1,89 – 0,11 x1 + 0,1 x2 – 0,08 x1? – 0,07 x2?;
– iai?oaa i?e iiya? o??uei eeoeueiaiai oa?o;
=1,76 – 0,09 x1 + 0,11 x2 – 0,035 x1 x2 – 0,12 x1? – 0,08 x2?;
– aeaeiaaeaiiy i?e iai?oc? 4,9 IIa.
=26,8+0,4 x1 + 2,7 x2 – 0,15 x1 x2 – 2,9 x1? – 0,7 x2? .
Aiae?c iaaaaeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieacaa, ui iaea?eueo iiceoeai? iieacieee
aeanoeainoae oe??ii? oeaieie ooaii? ia/eie oae? , ye : oaiia?aoo?a
caa?thaaiiy, aeo?ae ca ieiuath, i?oei?noue eeoeueiaiai oa?o, ai?no
niieoe oee?eii?th a a?aei?aoeueiaai?e ??aeei? oa ?io?, iiaeia io?eiaoe
i?e aeo?aoao aeoaeoaey – 5,0-5,5 a/e i?e aeoaeaii? oa aee?oth/i?
?a/iaeie – 4,0-4,5 a/e i?e aee?oaaii?.
O ?icae?e? IV aeaii oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy i?e?iaee aca?iiae??
noaa?e?ciaaieo niieoe oee?eii?th c eieaaaiii.
Aeai? ?*-niaeo??a (?en. 3) aeacothoue ia iayai?noue aca?iiae?? io?eiaieo
niieoe oee?eii?th c eieaaaiii, ui ae?aaea?oueny o cieeiaii?
aeniei/anoioiiai e?eea nioae aaeaioieo eieeaaiue NH – oa OH a?oi (3330,
3080, 2980 ni -1 ). Iaaii, oea iia’ycaii c ?oeioaaiiyi i?e?iaeieo
aiaeiaaeo ca’yce?a o no?oeoo?? aeaeaoeio. I?e ia?iaoe? IEOe/IE oa
NOeI/AoeI niinoa??aa?oueny ca?eueoaiiy ?ioaineaiino? i. i. 1460 ni-1 ,
ui coiiaeaii aianaiiyi eii?aeeiaoe?eii ca’ycaieo aoeaoaoia?oi. I?ney
ia?iaee NOeI/AoeI niinoa??aa?oueny ?icuaieaiiy i. i. 1460 ni-1 ia
aea? aa?oeie. O ?ac? aeoaeaiiy NOeI- oe? ci?ie ia
niinoa??aathoueny.`Ca?eueoaiiy ?ioaineaiino? i. i. 1410 ni -1 aeaco?
ia iayai?noue o?enaoe?? /anoeie ai?iia?oi a?eea c aeoaeoaeai.
?en. 3. ?*-niaeo?e: aeaeaoeio -1; aeaeaoeio, ia?iaeaiiai IEOe/OE-2,
NOeI/AoeI-3, NOeI-4
Ooai?aiiy aiaeiaaeo ca’yce?a ca ?aooiie o?enaoe?? aeoaeoaey c a?oiaie NH
oa OH coiiaeaii ci?iith nioa iiaeeiaiiy, ui a?aeiia?aeathoue eieeaaiiyi
2600-1800 ni-1
?ica?aei?noue ?*-niaeo??a aeaeaoeio, ia?iaeaiiai aeoaeoaeyie IEOe/IE oa
NOeI/AoeI, iieyaa? a oiio, ui i?e ia?iaoe? aeaeaoeio inoaii?i
niinoa??aa?oueny oe?iea ?icuaieaia nioaa c aeaiia aa?oeiaie i?e 1160
ni-1 oa 1130 ni-1. Oea aiai?eoue i?i iayai?noue a?eueieo
noeueoaoi-a?oi, ui aeo?niythoueny c oee?eii??aiai eiiieaeno
aoeaoao-?iiaie.
I?e ia?iaoe? NOeI niinoa??aa?oueny ciaioaiiy aeoeaiino? i. i. 1560 ni-1
? iiyaa i?e ?icuaieaii? aeaio aa?oei i?e 1540 ? 1550 ni -1 . Oaeiae
c’yaey?oueny oe?iea oa neeueia i. i. i?e 1090 ni -1, ui iiaea na?ae/eoe
i?i iayai?noue cao?eniaaieo a?eeii eiiieaenieo niieoe oee?eii?th,
eii?aeeiiaaieo noeueoaoia?oi.
Ia?iaea noaa?e?ciaaieie niieoeaie oee?eii?th, ia a?aei?io a?ae ia?iaee
noeueoaoioee?eiiaoii iao??th, ni?ey? ?oeioaaiith i?e?iaeieo aiaeiaaeo
ca’yce?a a no?oeoo?? a?eea, ui aeicaiey? io?eiaoe a?eueo ?ooiio coeoo
no?oeoo?o a?eea.
Aea/aee no?ee?noue io?eiaieo ca’yce?a o no?oeoo?? eieaaaio aei
?icaeoaethaaiiy. Aeey oeueiai i?iaiaeeee ?icaeoaethaaiiy 1%-ieie
?ic/eiaie NaOH, H2SO4 oa aiaei-aoeaoiiiaith noi?ooth, acyoith o
ni?aa?aeiioaii? 1:1. ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioo iieacaee, ui iaea?eueoo
?icaeoaethaaeueio ae?th aeyaey? ?ic/ei n??/aii? eeneioe. I?ney ia?iaee
n??/aiith eeneioith aeaeaeyeiny 18,5-20,4% niieoe oee?eii?th o
ia?a?aooieo ia ZrO2 a?ae caaaeueii? e?eueeino? oee?eii?th o
iai?aoaa?eeao?. I?ney ia?iaee ?ic/eiii eoao oa aoeaoiiiaith noi?ooth
aeaeaeyeiny 13,5-14,7% niieoe oee?eii?th o ia?a?aooieo ia ZrO2 a?ae
caaaeueii? e?eueeino? niieoe oee?eii?th o iai?aoaa?eeao?.
Iaea?eueoa ?icaeoaethaaeueia ae?y n??/aii? eeneioe coiiaeaia
aeoeniaiiyi eii?aeeiiaaieo a oee?eii??aiio eiiieaen? acioai?noieo a?oi
a?eea noeueoaoia?oiaie c ooai?aiiyi ?ic/eiieo niieoe oee?eii?th o
neeueii eeneiio na?aaeiaeu?.
Aea/aee ci?ie oaiia?aoo?e caa?thaaiiy aea?ie oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy
i?ney iine?aeiaii? ia?iaee eoaii oa n??/aiith eeneioith. ?acoeueoaoe
aenia?eiaioo i?aaenoaaeai? a oaaeeoe? 6.
Oaaeeoey 6
Aieea ?I ia oaiia?aoo?o caa?thaaiiy oe??e i?ney ia?iaee eoaii oa
n??/aiith eeneioith
N aa??aioo
IEOe/IE NOeI/AoeI NOeI
Oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy i?ney aeoaeaiiy, i N 86 86 86
?I ?ic/eio i?ney iaeo?ae?caoe?? 7.5 8.0 9.0 7.5 8.0 9.0 7.5 8.0 9.0
?I oe??e i?ney iaeo?ae?caoe?? 4.6 5.2 6.2 5.0 5.8 6.6 5.1 6.0 6.6
Oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy, i N 69 65 60 87 68 63 85 67 63
?I ?ic/eio i?e ia?iaoe? n??/aiith eeneioith 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
1.8 1.8
?I oe??e 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.9 4.0
Oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy, i N 85 84 84 85 83 83 85 84 84
?I ?ic/eio i?e ia?iaoe? n??/aiith eeneioith 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
1.2 1.2
?I oe??e 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2
Oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy, i N 86 85 85 86 85 85 86 85 85
?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioo iieacaee, ui ia?iaea eoaii aei ?I 5,5 oe??ii?
oeaieie, aeoaeaii? IEOe/IE oa NOeI/AoeI ia cieaeo? oaiia?aoo?o
caa?thaaiiy. I?e oae?e iaeo?ae?caoe?? oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy oe??ii?
oeaieie, aeoaeaii? NOeI, cieceeanue aei 69°N. I?e iiaeaeueoiio
ca?eueoaii? ?I oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy o an?o o?ueio aa??aioao
cieceeanue aei 60-63°N. ?icaeoaethaaeueia ae?y i?e oaeeo oiiaao
aeeeeeaia i?aeaeuaiiyi eiioeaio?aoe?? II-?ii?a o ?ic/ei?. Ia?iaea
n??/aiith eeneioith a?aeiiaeea oaiia?aoo?o caa?thaaiiy oe??ii? oeaieie o
an?o o?ueio aa??aioao, oiio ui caeeoie noeueoia?oi a nenoai? “?ic/ei –
oe??a” aeoea?coaaee niieoee oee?eii?th ia aieiei? ca ?aooiie
eii?aeeiaoe?? noeueoia?oi o aioo??oi?e noa?? oee?eii??aeo eiiieaen?a, a
?acoeueoao? /iai aiie i?eaeaaee iiaeeea?noue aca?iiae?yoe c
ooieoe?iiaeueieie a?oiaie eieaaaio c ooai?aiiyi i?oeieo i?aeeaioethaiaeo
ca’yce?a.
Aeey ia?aa??ee iayaiino? iiceoeaii ca?yaeaeaieo /anoie a ?ic/ei?
aeei?enoiaoaaee ?iaeeeaoi?iee iaoiae. ?aaaaioii – ?iaeeeaoi?ii aeey
iiceoeaii ca?yaeaeaieo /anoie aeoaeoaey a ?ic/ei? neoaeea iaeaeue AO.
?acoeueoaoe aiae?co aeaee i?aenoaao i?eionoeoe, ui aiane?aeie aeoaeaiiy
niieoeaie oee?eii?th oe??ii? oeaieie (oe??e) ?? no?oeoo?i? aeaiaioe
iaaoaathoue iaaaoeaiiai ca?yaeo.
I?aaenoaaeyeiny aeioe?eueiei ioe?ieoe aieea io?eiaieo aeoaeeueieo niieoe
oee?eii?th ia aaee/eio ieoiii? iiaa?oi? oe??e, ai ieoiia iiaa?oiy, o
a?aeii?e i???, ei?aeth? c i’ye?noth iai?aoaa?eeaoo. Ii iaoiaeo AAO ca
aeiiiiiaith aaco a?aiio aecia/aee ieoiio iiaa?oith oe??e, aeaeoaeaii?
??cieie aeoaeoaeyie. A oaaeeoe? 7 i?aaenoaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe
aenia?eiaioo.
Oaaeeoey 7
Ieoiia iiaa?oiy oe??e, aeaeoaeaii? ??cieie aeoaeoaeyie
Aeae aeoaeoae?a Ieoiia iiaa?oiy oe??e, i2/a
IEOe/OE 2.6
NOeI/AoeI 2.6
NOeI 1.8
OAe 2,4
C aeaieo oaaeeoe? aeaeii, ui ieoiia iiaa?oiy oe??e, aeoaeaiiy yei?
aeeiiaia neioaciaaieie oee?eii??aeie aeoaeoaeyie, aeecueea aei ieoiii?
iiaa?oi? o?iiiai? oe??e, ioaea, oe??ia oeaieia ?aeaioe/ia ii i’yeino?.
Oe??e, aeaeoaeai? noeueoaoioee?eiiaoii iao??th, iathoue cia/ii iaioo
ieoiio iiaa?oith, ioaea, a?eueo aei?noe?.
Aeoiaey/e c i?eiouaiue O. Aethiaioaey, ui iniiaiee ea?aiiao oee?eii?th,
?ic/eiaiee a ioeoia?e eeneio?, yaey? niaith ae?aoeaoaoioee?eii??ao
eeneioo, a i?ioean? aeoaeaiiy iiaea iaoe i?noea aeiaeaoeiaa ?ic?eoeaiiy
no?oeoo?e oe??ii? oeaieie (iiae?aii i?eaethth/?e ae??).
A i?ioean? oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy oea yaeua noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny
iaeii/aniith o?enaoe??th niieoe oee?eii?th eieaaaiii.
I?ney o?enaoe?? eieaaaiii, aeoaeeuei? /anoee, ui i?noyoue
eii?aeeiaoe?eii ca’ycai? c aoiiii oee?eii?th NI3NII – a?oie,
aieiae?thoue aeanoea?noth ae?aioaaoe /anoeio aeoeaieo a?oi iiaa?oi?
no?oeoo?ieo aeaiaio?a oe??e oa oe??ii? oeaieie ooaii? ia/eie i?e
aenoooaaii? iai?aoaa?eeaoo oa caiia?aaoe neeathaaiiy no?oeoo?ieo
aeaiaio?a.
A aeaye?e i???, i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi oeueiai ? cieaeaiiy iaiieaiiy oe??ii?
oeaieie ooaii? ia/eie, aeaeoaeaii? ??cieie niieoeaie oee?eii?th.
?acoeueoaoe iaiieaiiy oe??ii? oeaieie i?aaenoaaeai? a oaaeeoe? 8.
Oaaeeoey 8
Iaiieaiiy c?ace?a oe??ii? oeaieie ooaii? ia/eie, aeaeoaeaii? ??cieie
niieoeaie oee?eii?th
Aeae niieoe oee?eii?th Iaiieaiiy oe??ii? oeaieie /a?ac, aiaeei
0.5 1 2 4 24
IEOe/OE 112.4 117.6 124.7 127.2 129.8
NOeI/AoeI 120.3 124.9 130.5 136.8 139.1
NOeI 140 151.0 156 156.5 158.7
Ca aeaieie aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaeii, ui iaiieaiiy oe??ii? oeaieie
aeaeoaeaii? noeueoaoioee?eiiaoii iao??th, aeua iaiieaiiy oe??ii?
oeaieie, aeaeoaeaii? aeine?aeaeoaaieie niieoeaie oee?eii?th, ui
i?aeoaa?aeaeo? aeanoea?noue aeoaeeueieo /anoie ae?aioaaoe aeoeai? a?oie
eieaaaio.
O ?icae?e? V i?aaenoaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeii-ae?iaie/eo oa
ae?iaie/eo aei?iaoaaiue, aeeiiaieo a aeine?aeii – aenia?eiaioaeueiiio
oeaoo AeAEIO oa ia Oeniaieoeuee?e ooo?ia?e oaa?eoe?.
Iniiaieie iniaeeainoyie ?ic?iaeaii? oaoiieia?? ia?iaee ooaii? ia/eie
oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy ? oa, ui cai?noue o?iiiaiai aeoaeoaey,
ia?aaeaa/aiiai ae?th/ith oaoiieia??th, aeoaeaiiy i?iaiaeeoueny
noaa?e?ciaaieie niieoeaie oee?eii?th, io?eiaieie aiane?aeie ?ic/eiaiiy
iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th a ioeoia?e eeneio? aai niieoeaie
oee?eii?th, io?eiaieie aaaaeaiiyi aoeaoaoo iao??th a ?ic/ei
noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo iao??th.
Aeoaeaiiy oaeeie niieoeaie oee?eii?th ooaii? ia/eie aea? iiaeeea?noue:
– i?e aea?iiey?ieo oa iaa?oue caieaeaieo aeo?aoao niieoe oee?eii?th, o
ii??aiyii? c niieoeaie o?iio, io?eiaoe iai?aoaa?eeao, yeee ii
oaiia?aoo?? caa?thaaiiy caaeiaieueiy? aeiiaai noaiaea?oo (ia iaio
80°°N), ia? nooo?ai iaioo onaaeeo;
– aeinyaiooe iaeaaeiiai ??aiy oaiia?aoo?e caa?thaaiiy oe??ii? oeaieie
aac aaaaeaiiy a aeoaeeueiee ?ic/ei eoaeieo ?aaaaio?a;
– nooo?ai i?aeaeueoe aeei?enoaiiy aeoaeoaey ca ?aooiie iiaeeiaiiy oa
ca’ycoaaiiy eiai oe??iith oeaieiith (94-97% cai?noue 50% i?e o?iiiaiio
aeoaeaii?), cieceoe aeo?aoe niieoe oee?eii?th ;
– io?eiaoe ia/eio e?aui? yeino? c i’yeith, ieanoe/iith oe??iith
oeaieiith, /iai iaiiaeeeai aeinyaiooe i?e aeoaeaii? noeueoaoioee?eiiaoii
iao??th;
– io?eiaoe aeia?a oe?oiaaio, a?eo oe??io oeaieio c ??aiii??iei ii
oiiia?ao?? oiieei, iecueeei ai?nii, ui iie?auo? ciai?oi?e aeaeyae oa
ye?noue aioiai? i?iaeoeoe??;
– nooo?ai ciaioeoe aai onoiooe iooe?noue oe??ii? oeaieie ia?eoa??eieo
ae?eyiie ia/eie (iiee, iaoeie) oa io?eiaoe iiaio, i’yeo oe??io oeaieio .
A oaaeeoe? 9 i?aaenoaaeai? iieacieee aeanoeainoae ooaii? ia/eie,
ae?iaeaii? a oiiaao Oeniaieoeueei? ooo?iai? oaa?eee.
Ia/eia c iaoo?aeueiei (a?eei) eieuei?ii oe??ii? oeaieie iiaea aooe
aeei?enoaia aeey aeaioiaeaiiy iaeyao.
Aiia iiaea aooe iioa?aiaaia ai?iiieie aa?aieeaie, ui canoiniaothoueny
i?e oa?aoaaii? ooaii? ia/eie o?iiiaiai iaoiaeo aeoaeaiiy ii ae?th/?e
oaoiieia??.
?icaeyaeath/e aeiiii?/i?noue ae/eiee ooaii? ia/eie oee?eii??aiai
aeoaeaiiy ii ?ic?iaeai?e oaoiieia??, ne?ae a?aei?oeoe, ui iacaaaeath/e
ia a?eueo aenieo oe?io oee?eii??aiai aeoaeoaey, aeei?enoaiiy
cai?iiiiiaaiiai iaoiaeo aeiiii?/ii aea?aeii, a ca’yceo c? cieaeaiiyi
oaoiieia?/ii? onaaeee, i?aeaeuaiiyi aeoiaeo ia/eie c iaeeieoe? ieiu?
ne?iaeie, i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy ni?oiino? ca ?aooiie iie?auaiiy yeino?
ae?ia?a oa ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie aeieia?? oeyoii aea?eueiaiiy o?iiiaeo
nieae c ae?iaieoeoaa.
Aeiiii?/iee aoaeo o?eueee ca ?aooiie ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy
ne?iaeie oa yeino? ae?ia?a neeaaea 131,75 a?i. ia 100 i?.
Oaaeeoey 9
Iieacieee aeanoeainoae ooaii? ia/eie oee?eii??aiai
oa o?iiiaiai iaoiae?a aeoaeaiiy
Aa??aio 1 Aa??aio 2 Aeiiae
Iieacieee ooaii? ia/eie Oee?eii??aa aeoaeaiiy (aeine?aeia) O?iiiaa
aeoaeaiiy (eiio?ieue) Oee?eii??aa aeoaeaiiy (aeine?aeia) O?iiiaa
aeoaeaiiy (eiio?ieue) Noaiaea?oo 4664-76 “Ia/eia ooaia, ae/eiaia
O?ceei-iaoai?/i? aeanoeaino?
Na?aaeiy oiaueia, i-3 **10-3 1.05 1.10 1.11 1.16 –
Iaaea i?oeiino? i?e ?icoyc?, IIa*10 1.70±±0.11 1.45±±0.14 1.74±±0.11
1.51±±0.13 1.27
A?aeiinia aeaeiaaeaiiy i?e iai?oc? 4.9IIa,% 28.5±±1.5 32.6±±1.6
29.2±±2.1 34.4±±1.8 Ia a?eueoa 30.0
A?aeiinia aeaeiaaeaiiy i?e ?ic?ea?, % 59.0 62.4 60.2 64.5 –
Aeo?ae ii ieiuei?, % a?ae ieiueie ne?iaeie 93.8±±0.7 88.7±±0.6
94.2±±0.55 88.9±±0.50 Ii?ia 88.5
Oaiia?aoo?a caa?thaaiiy, iN 85±±1 91±±1 86±±1 91±±1
?I aiaeiaai? aeoyaeee 4.24 4.15 4.20 4.05 Ia iaio 3.3
A?a??i?/i? aeanoeaino?
Ii?eno?noue, % 64.2 65.1 64.8 64.2 –
Iia?o?ii?iieei?noue, ni3/ni2**aiaeei. 1690 1650 1745 1740 –
Ia?ii?iieei?noue, % 74 71 72 73 –
Ia?i?ie?noue, % 14.6 13.7 15.2 14.5 –
Aieiaia?aeaea/a, % 13.2 12.7 14.1 13.1 –
O?i?/i? aeanoeaino?: Ianiaa aeiey o oe??i?e oeaiei?, % ia aaniethoii
nooo ?a/iaeio
– i?ia?aeuei? ?a/iaeie 11.0±±0.9 9.2±±0.8 11.7±±0.8 9.6±±0.9 Ia a?eueoa
9
– aieiaa, % 12.1 12.4 11.6 13.2 Ia a?eueoa 14
– ae?ieneae oee?eii?th 6.71±±0.05 – 6.52±±0.06 – –
– ieneae o?iio – 3.38±±0.04 – 3.42±±0.05 1.5-3.5
– ?a/iaeie, ye? aeno?aaothoueny i?aai?/ieie ?ic/eiieeaie 11.6±±0.7
12.5±±0.9 11.0±±1.2 12.8±±1.5 Ia a?eueoa 12
Iieacieee aieinyiiai iie?iao: –
I?oaei?noue, % 56.5 49.8 59.4 52.5 –
Noeneoaai?noue, % 20.5 20.7 18.0 21.5 –
Coe?a?i?noue, % 2.2 2.8 2.7 3.4 –
I?ei?oea: A ia?oiio aa??aio? aeoaeaiiy aeeiiaii niieoeaie oee?eii?th,
io?eiaieie ?ic/eiaiiyi IEOe a ioeoia?e eeneio?, a ae?oaiio – niieoeaie
oee?eii?th, io?eiaieie aaaaeaiiyi aoeaoaoo iao??th a ?ic/ei
noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo iao??th.
AENIIAEE
1. Ia iniia? eiiieaenieo aeine?aeaeaiue o?ceei-o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae
niieoe oee?eii?th ia aac? iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th oa
noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo iao??th, io?eiaii aeoaeeuei? ?ic/eie, ye?
aieiae?thoue aenieith aeoaeeueii? ae??th, i?aeaeuaiith
ni?aoe?eiith aeoeai?noth oa caeaoi?noth
ca’ycoaaoenue c aeoeaieie a?oiaie eieaaaio, a oaeiae ?ic?iaeaii iiao
oaoiieia?th ?o canoinoaaiiy aeey aeaioiaeaiiy ooaii? ia/eie.
2. ?ic?iaeaia oaoiieia?y oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy ooaii? ia/eie
niieoeaie ia aac? iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th oa noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo
iao??th ia?aaeaa/a? noi?uaiiy i?ioean?a i?eaethaaiiy, aeoaeaiiy,
aee?oaaiiy, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei aeiiii?? oaiei-, aiaei?ano?n?a.
Aeei?enoaiiy oeeo aeoaeoae?a i?e iaiaaeaieo aeo?aoao aea? iiaeeea?noue
i?iaiaeeoe i?ioean i?e aenieeo cia/aiiyo ?I, a ?acoeueoao? /iai
iiaeeeai ia aeiaeaaaoe eoaei? ?aaaaioe a e?ioe? i?ioeano aeoaeaiiy oa
aeeeth/eoe i?ioean iaeo?ae?caoe?? ia?aae oa?aoaaiiy. Aeoaeaiiy ooaii?
ia/eie ii cai?iiiiiaai?e oaoiieia?? aeicaiey? iaeneiaeueii
a?aei?aoethaaoe aeoaeeuei? niieoee oee?eii?th ca ?aooiie iiaeeiaiiy oa
ca’ycoaaiiy ?o aea?iith; io?eiaoe ooaio ia/eio aeniei? yeino? c
iaiao?aeiith oaiia?aoo?ith caa?thaaiiy oe??ii? oeaieie, iie?ioaiei
oi?ioaaiiyi ia’?io, ca?eueoaiei aeoiaeii ii ieiuei?.
Cai?iiiiiaaii ia?aiao?e oa?aoaaiiy ooaii? ia/eie oee?eii??aiai iaoiaeo
aeoaeaiiy ai?iiieie aa?aieeaie.
3. Anoaiiaeaia iayai?noue eii?aeeiaoe?eieo ca’yce?a i?ae acioai?noieie
a?oiaie eieaaaio oa eiiieaenieie niieoeaie oee?eii?th. Iieacaii
?aeaioe/i?noue i?e?iaee ca’yce?a ooai?aieo aeoaeeueieie niieoeaie
oee?eii?th, io?eiaieie, ye c iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th, oae ? ia
aac? noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo iao??th.
4. I?iaaaeaia ae?iaie/a ai?iaaoe?y oaoiieia?? ia Oeniaieoeuee?e ooo?ia?e
oaa?eoe? aeiaaea iiaeeea?noue ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oaoiieia?? a ae?iaieoeoai.
O?i?/ia oa o?ceei-iaoai?/ia aei?iaoaaiiy ia/ei, ae/eiaieo c
aeei?enoaiiyi cai?iiiiiaaieo niieoe oee?eii?th, i?aeoaa?aeaeo? ?o aenie?
aenieoaoaoe?ei? aeanoeaino?, a?aeiia?aei?noue iieaciee?a ii?iai,
ia?aaeaa/aiei AeANOii oa OO. Aeiiiiii?/ia aoaeoeai?noue a?ae
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiai? oaoiieia?? neeaea 131,75 a?i. ia 100 i? aioiai?
ooaii? ia/eie ca ?aooiie i?aeaeuaiiy ni?oiino? oa aoaeoeai?oiai
aeei?enoaiiy ne?iaeie.
NIENIE
?ia?o , iioae?eiaaieo ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeena?oaoe??
1. Iie?ioniaa I.?., Ie?eiee I.I., AEo?aanueeee A.A. Aeaye? iniaeeaino?
?ic/ei?a niieoe oee?eii?th // Eaaea i?iieneia?noue . – 1997. – ?1.
2. Iie?ioniaa I.?., Ie?eiee I.I., AEo?aanueeee A.A., Oeaiaiei A.A.
Aeoaeeuei? aeanoeaino? aeayeeo ianeiaaieo niieoe oee?eii?th // A?niee
Aei?i?iiao?ianueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo. A?ieia?y / Aeieia?y. – 1998. – ?3. –
N. 222-228.
3. Iie?ioniaa I.?., Ie?eiee I.I., AEo?aanueeee A.A., Oeaiaiei A.A.
Aeaye? iniaeeaino? oa?aoaaiiy ooaii? ia/eie oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy
ai?iiieie aa?aieeaie // Eaaea i?iieneia?noue. – 1998. – ?1. – N. 54-55.
4. Iaoaio ?O ? 2125096, IEE N 14 3/00, 3/04. Ieia?aeueiue aeoaeoaeue
ia iniiaa niaaeeiaiee oee?eiiey. / Iie?ioniaa I.?., AEo?aanueeee A.A.
(Oe?aeia). -? 97121279; Cayaeaii 03.12.97.; Iioae. 20.01.99. Athe. ?
2.-6n.
5. Mokroysova E. R., Zuravskiy V. A. Ecologically pure technological
processes in the fur manufacturing //1st international fur congress.
Scientific – Technical – Economic. – Kastoria (Greece), 1998.- P.147.
6. Iie?ioniaa I.?., Ie?eiee I.I., AEo?aanueeee A.A. Aea/aiiy aieeao
oiia io?eiaiiy aeayeeo ianeiaaieo niieoe oee?eii?th ia ?o aeoaeeuei?
aeanoeaino?. Oace aeiiia?aeae iaoeiai? eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo a/aieo oa
nooaeaio?a, *. 1, 24 ea?oiy 1997 ?., E.: AeAEIO, 1997.-N. 86-87.
7. Iie?ioniaa I.?., Ie?eiee I.I., AEo?aanueeee A.A. Aeaye? iniaeeaino?
oa?aoaaiiy ia/eie oee?eii??aiai aeoaeaiiy. Oace aeiiia?aeae iaoeiai?
eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo a/aieo oa nooaeaio?a, *. 2, 23 ea?oiy 1998 ?., E.:
AeAEIO, 1998.-N. 45.
AIIOAOe?ss
Iie?ioniaa I.?. Aeei?enoaiiy niieoe oee?eii?th a ooo?iaiio ae?iaieoeoa?
aeey i?aeaeuaiiy yeino? ae?ia?a. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.19.05 – oaoiieia?y oe??e oa ooo?a. – Aea?aeaaia
aeaaeai?y eaaei? i?iieneiaino? Oe?a?ie. Ee?a. 1999 ?.
Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ?ic?iaoe? niiniao aeoaeaiiy ooaii? ia/eie
niieoeaie oee?eii?th ia aac? iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoo oee?eii?th oa
noeueoaoioee?eiiaoo iao??th. A ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaieo aeine?ae?a aoee:
io?eiai? noaa?euei? aeoaeeuei? ?ic/eie niieoe oee?eii?th, onoaiiaeai?
caeiiii??iino? oi?ioaaiiy ye?nii? ooaii? ia/eie c aeei?enoaiiyi
io?eiaieo niieoe, aea/aia i?e?iaea aca?iiae?? niieoe oee?eii?th c
ooieoe?iiaeueieie a?oiaie eieaaaio, ?ic?iaeaia oaoiieia?y noi?uaiiy
i?ioean?a i?eaethaaiiy, aeoaeaiiy oa aee?oaaiiy. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe
?iaioe ai?iaiaai? a aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueiiio oeaoo ooo?iaiai
i?aei?e?inoaa.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: oee?eii??aee aeoaeoaeue, iniiaiee ea?aiiao oee?eii?th,
ioeoiaa eeneioa, noeueoaoioee?eiiao iao??th, ioeoiaieeneee iao??e,
aoeaoao ?iie, aiae?c.
THE SUMMARY
Iikroysova A.R. Use of connections of zirconium in fur manufacture for
increase of quality of production. – Manuscript.
The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate
of engineering science on a specialty 05.19.05 – technology of a leather
and fur. – State academy of a light industry of Ukraine. Kiev. 1999.
The dissertation is devoted to development of a way of tanning of wool
sheepskin by connections of zirconium on the basis of basic carbonate of
zirconium and sulfatozurkonata of natrium. As a result of the carried
out experiments were: are received stable tanning solutions of
connections of zirconium, the laws of formation qualitative wool
sheepskin with use of the received connections, are developed the nature
of interaction of connections of zirconium with functional groups of
collagen, is investigated the technology of overlapping of processes
pickling, tanning, oiling is developed. The basic results of work was in
a skilled – development shop of the fur enterprise.
Key words: tannin of zirconium, basic carbonate of zirconium, vinegary
acid, sulfatozurkonata of natrium, analysis.
AIIIOAOeEss
Iie?ioniaa A.?. Eniieueciaaiea niaaeeiaiee oee?eiiey a iaoiaii
i?iecaiaenoaa aeey iiauoaiey ea/anoaa ecaeaeee. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.19.05 – oaoiieiaey eiaee e iaoa. –
Ainoaea?noaaiiay aeaaeaiey eaaeie i?iiuoeaiiinoe Oe?aeiu. Eeaa. 1999 a.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia ?ac?aaioea iiaiai niiniaa aeoaeaiey ooaiie
ia/eiu niaaeeiaieyie oee?eiiey, /oi iicaieeo ?aoeoue i?iaeaio caueou
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu iooai eneeth/aiey yeieiae/anee a?aaeiuo oeie/aneeo
iaoa?eaeia i?e i?iecaiaenoaa iaoa. A ?acoeueoaoa ?aaiou auee iieo/aiu
noaaeeueiua niaaeeiaiey oee?eiiey iooai ?anoai?aiey iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoa
oee?eiiey a oenoniie eeneioa e acaeiiaeaenoaeai noeueoaoioee?eiiaoa
iao?ey n oenoniieeneui iao?eai.
A ?aaioa eceiaeaiu ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee ii eco/aieth
oeie/aneeo e eiaeaaaiii-oaoiieiae/aneeo naienoa iieo/aiiuo aeoaeoaeae.
Iooai iioaioeeiiao?e/aneiai oeo?iaaiey ii?aaeaeyee oi/eo iiiooiaiey,
oa?aeoa?ecothuoth onoie/eainoue ?anoai?ia niaaeeiaiee oee?eiiey e
aeae?ieeco. Aiaeece?iaaee onoie/eainoue ?anoai?ia ai a?aiaie /e
noa?aieth/ e e ?acaaaeaieth.
Onoaiiaeaii aunieoth onoie/eainoue enneaaeoaiuo ?anoai?ia
niaaeeiaiee oee?eiiey, iaoneiaeaiioth ia?aciaaieai noaaeeueiuo
eiiieaenia oenoniieeneuo niaaeeiaiee oee?eiiey a ?anoai?a, /oi aeaao
aiciiaeiinoue oe?ieiai eniieueciaaiey iiauo aeoayueo niaaeeiaiee
oee?eiiey a eiaeaaaiiii e iaoiaii i?iecaiaenoaa.
I?ioeann aeoaeaiey iieo/aiiuie aeoaeoaeyie enneaaeiaaee ia
iiaeaee eieeaaaia – nooaeia aeaeaoeia, a oaeaea ia ia?acoeao eiaee e
eiaeaaie oeaie ooaiie ia/eiu. Eco/aiea nei?inoe aeeooocee iieo/aiiuo
aeoaeoaeae a nooaeaiue aeaeaoeia e aiaeec iaeii?iaeiinoe caaeoaeeaaiey
nooaeiy iieacaee aunieoth ni?aoeeiiioth aeoeaiinoue aeoayueo ?anoai?ia e
aiciiaeiinoue naycuaaiey n aeoeaiuie a?oiiaie eieeaaaia, /oi aeaei
iniiaaiea aeey eo i?eiaiaiey i?e aeoaeaiee. Auei i?iaiaeece?iaaii
aeeyiea ?anoiaea iiauo oee?eiieaauo aeoaeoaeae ia aeae?ioa?ie/aneoth
onoie/eainoue aea?iu e onoaiiaeaii, /oi iiauoaiea oaiia?aoo?u naa?eaaiey
i?ienoiaeeo i?e ?anoiaea aeoaeoaey aei 3,0 %. Aeaeueiaeoaa oaaee/aiea
?anoiaea aeoaeoaey ia i?eaiaeeo e ?inoo oaiia?aoo?u naa?eaaiey
auaeoaeaiiie eiaee, a aeeyao oieueei ia aa iaiieiaiiinoue. Eiiieaeniia
enneaaeiaaiea aioiauo ia?acoeia eiaee ia/eiu e eiaeaaie oeaie ooaiie
ia/eiu iieacaei aunieoth oi?ie?othuoth e aeoayuoth niiniaiinoue iiauo
oee?eiieaauo aeoaeoaeae. I?e yoii auaeoaeaiiua ia?acoeu ioee/aeenue
oaaee/aiiui auoiaeii ii ieiuaaee, iiauoaiiui iauaiiui auoiaeii, aunieeie
oi?oaiieanoe/aneeie e i?i/iinoiuie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie.
I?e?iaeo acaeiiaeaenoaey aeoayueo niaaeeiaiee oee?eiiey, iieo/aiiuo ia
aaca iniiaiiai ea?aiiaoa oee?eiiey e noeueoaoioee?eiiaoa iao?ey, n
eieeaaaiii enneaaeiaaee iaoiaeii eio?ae?aniie niaeo?ineiiee.
Onoaiiaeaii iaee/ea eii?aeeiaoeeiiiuo e yeaeo?iaaeaioiuo naycae iaaeaeo
acioniaea?aeaueie a?oiiaie eieeaaaia e enneaaeoaiuie niaaeeiaieyie
oee?eiiey. Aunieoth i?i/iinoue ia?acothueony naycae auei iiaeoaa?aeaeaii
?acaeoaeeaaieai auaeoaeaiiie eiaeaaie oeaie ooaiie ia/eiu ?anoai?aie
uaei/ae, eeneio e aiaeii-aoeaoiiiaie niane, a oaeaea aiciiaeiinoueth
ia?aoeiinoe naycae iinea iineaaeiaaoaeueiie uaei/ii-eeneioiie ia?aaioee.
Ia aaca i?iaaaeaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee auea ?ac?aaioaia oaoiieiaey
aeoaeaiey ooaiie ia/eiu iieo/aiiuie oee?eiieaauie aeoaeoaeyie. N
iiiiuueth iaoiaea iaoaiaoe/aneiai ieaie?iaaiey yenia?eiaioa auei
eco/aii aeeyiea ia?aiao?ia aeoaeaiey ia iieacaoaee eiaeaaie oeaie ooaiie
ia/eiu. Eniieueciaaiea iieo/aiiuo aeoaeoaeae, i?e ieieiaeueiii ?anoiaea
5,0 a/e , a ia?an/aoa ia ZrO2 , aeaao aiciiaeiinoue i?iaiaeeoue
i?ioeann i?e ?I 3,4 – 4,0, /oi eneeth/aao aaaaeaiea uaei/iuo ?aaaaioia
a eiioea aeoaeaiey, a oaeaea iicaieyao eneeth/eoue i?ioeann
iaeo?aeecaoeee ia?aae e?aoaieai. Oaeea oneiaey i?iaaaeaiey i?ioeanna
aeoaeaiey aeatho aiciiaeiinoue niaiauaoue i?ioeannu ieeaeaaaiey,
oee?eiieaaiai aeoaeaiey, aee?iaaiey (i?e ?anoiaea aee?othueo aauanoa –
4,0 a/e ) a iaeiii ?aai/ai ?anoai?a i?e auaeaeea ooaiie ia/eiu. I?e yoii
i?aeoe/anee iieiinoueth io?aaaouaathony aeoayuea niee oee?eiiey,
nieaeaaony e ieieioio niaea?aeaiea eo a noi/iuo aiaeao, nieaeaaony
iio?aaeaiea oaiei -, aiaei?ano?nia. Iieo/aiea ooaiie ia/eiu ii oaeie
iaoiaeeea iicaieeei: i?e ieieiaeueiii ?anoiaea niaaeeiaiee oee?eiiey
aeinoeaiooue aeieaeiiai o?iaiy oaiia?aoo?u naa?eaaiey eiaeaaie oeaie;
nouanoaaiii iiauneoue eniieueciaaiea aeoaeoaey ca n/ao iiaeiuaiey e
naycuaaiey aai eiaeaaie oeaiueth; nouanoaaiii oiaiueoeoue ?uoeinoue
ia?eoa?eeiuo o/anoeia ia/eiu (iie, iaoei); oeo/oeoue oi?ie?iaaiea iauaia
aea?iu; oaaee/eoue auoiae ii ieiuaaee e ni?oiinoue iieo/aiiuo ia/ei.
Eiaeaaay oeaiue ooaiuo ia/ei i?e yoii oa?aeoa?eciaaeanue iyaeinoueth,
ieanoe/iinoueth, oi?ioae oeeooaiinoueth, eiaea aaeue oeaao.
I?aaeeiaeaia oaoiieiaey e?aoaiey ooaiie ia/eiu oee?eiieaaiai aeoaeaiey
aieiiiuie e?aneoaeyie, i?e eioi?ie eneeth/aaony i?ioeann
iaeo?aeecaoeee e i?iecaiaeeony cae?aieaiey e?aneoaey ia aieieia
i?iecaiaeiuie niaaeeiaieyie aethieiey.
Ii ?acoeueoaoai i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo eniuoaiee a iiuoii-yenia?eiaioaeueiii
oeaoa Ouniaieoeeie iaoiaie oaa?eee auei iiaeoaa?aeaeaii oi, /oi,
iieo/aiiua oee?eiieaaua aeoaeoaee iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny aeey aeoaeaiey
ooaiie ia/eiu, a naienoaa aioiauo ia/ei oaeiaeaoai?ytho o?aaiaaieyi
noaiaea?oa. Yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo yoiai aiaae?aiey ninoaaeo 132,75 a?i
ia 100 i2 aioiauo ooaiuo ia/ei.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: oee?eiieaaue aeoaeoaeue, iniiaiie ea?aiiao oee?eiiey,
oenoniay eeneioa, noeueoaoioee?eiiao iao?ey, oenoniieeneue iao?ee,
aoeaoao-eiiu, aiaeec.
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