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Виховання громадянської самосвідомості страшокласників засобами символіки народного мистецтва України: Автореф. дис… канд. пед. наук / О.О. Красовсь

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Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao

?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa

E?anianueea Ieueaa Ieaenaiae??aia

OAeE 37.01

AEOIAAIIss A?IIAAessINUeEI? NAIINA?AeIIINO? NOA?OIEEANIEE?A CANIAAIE
NEIAIE?EE IA?IAeIIAI IENOAOeOAA OE?A?IE

13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

Aeena?oaoe?y aeeiiaia a??aiainueeiio aeiiii?ei-aoiai?oa?iiio ?inoeooo?,
I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ieIaoeiaee ea??aiee -aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe, i?ioani?,

AeAI’ssI*OE Aiaoie?e Noaiaiiae/,

??aiainueeee aeiiii?ei-aoiai?oa?iee ?inoeooo, ?aeoi?Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe
-aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?,

ae?eniee /eai AII Oe?a?ie,

OOI?AEAANUeEEE Aeieo?i Ieaenaiae?iae/,

Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao

?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith o?oaeiaiai iaa/aiiy ?
e?aneaiiy;eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe,

noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee,

OE?AI?EIAA Ethaeieea Ieaenaiae??aia,

?inoeooo i?iaeai aeoiaaiiy, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee eaai?aoi???
anoaoe/iiai aeoiaaiiyI?ia?aeia onoaiiaa -Oa?iii?euenueeee aea?aeaaiee
iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Aieiaeeie?a Aiaothea,

eaoaae?a iaaeaaia?ee, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i.Oa?iii?eue

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “4” eenoiiaaea 1999 ?. i 14 aiae. 30
oa. ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.053.01 a
Iaoe?iiaeueiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa
(252601, i.Ee?a, aoe.Ie?iaiaa, 9)

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (252601, i.Ee?a,
aoe.Ie?iaiaa, 9)

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “3” aeiaoiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee ?oaeieoeueea I.I.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oa aeioe?euei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeina?ae ?icaoaeiae
Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae, cae??ieaiee o Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie,
i?aeoaa?aeaeo?, ui iaoa e?a?ia ? noaa?aiiith, i?aaiaith, aeaiie?aoe/iith
aea?aeaaith, yea iaeaeuith oe?ii?noth aecia? ethaeeio. Aiae?iaeaeaiiy
iaoeiiiaeueii? inaioe a Oe?a?ii, eoeueoo?ii-inoi?e/ieo oeiiiinoae iaoiai
ia?iaeo, o?aaeeoeie, cae/a?a, aeeaiea inieneaiiy aca?iica`yceia
iaoeiiiaeueiiai i caaaeueiiethaenueeiai, aiaeiiaa aiae aeiaiaoe/ii?
?aeaieia?? ieioeiai ni?e/eieee neeaaeii ciiie a naiaeiiinoi a?iiaaeyi
iaoi? aea?aeaae.

I?ioean aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiinaiaeiiinoi – i?ia?aeia i?iaeaia
no/anii? iaaeaaiai/ii? iaoee i i?aeoeee, ui iio?aao? anaai/iiai i
oaaaeiiai aea/aiiy, iniaeeai, a o/i?a noa?oiai oeieueiiai aieo.
Aeooaeuei?noue ?? aeine?aeaeaiiy coiiaeaia iaiao?aei?noth noai?aiiy
iiai? nenoaie a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy o/iianueei? iieiaei, caniiaaii?
ia ?aea? ?icaeoeo naiina?aeiiino? iniaenoino? o iacaeaaei?e aea?aeaa?.
I?ia?aeieie ianoaiiaaie o aeiei??ii?e ia?aaoaeia? nenoaie ina?oe ?
aeoiaaiiy ?: Eiinoeoooeiy Oe?a?ie, Caeiie Oe?a?ie “I?i a?iiaaeyinoai
Oe?a?ie”, “I?i inaioo”, Aea?aeaaia iaoeiiiaeueia i?ia?aia “Inaioa”
(“Oe?a?ia XXI no.”).

Aaaeeeai no?aoaai/ii caaaeaiiy oa oeyoe ?aoi?ioaaiiy iaoeiiiaeueii?
nenoaie inaioe i aeoiaaiiy aecia/aii a Aea?aeaai?e iaoeiiiaeuei?e
i?ia?ai? “Inaioa” (“Oe?a?ia XXI no.”). Aieiaia iaoa aeoiaaiiy
aaa/a?oueny a iaaoooi iieiaeoei iieieiiiyi nioeiaeueiiai aeinaiaeo,
oniaaeeoaaiii aeooiaieo iaaeaaiue oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo, aeinyaiaiii
aeniei? eoeueoo?e iiaeiaoeiiiaeueieo aca?iei, oi?ioaaiii o iieiaei
iacaeaaeii aiae iaoeiiiaeueii? i?eiaeaaeiinoi iniaenoinieo ?en a?iiaaeyi
Oe?a?ie. Iaeiei ?c oeyoia ?aoi?ioaaiiy ciinoo inaioe i aeoiaaiiy ?
i?eeo/aiiy oeiey?ia aei eioa?aoo?e, ioceee, ia?acioai?/iai ienoaoeoaa,
iaaeaaiue ia?iaeii? oai?/inoi, caeiaooeia oe?a?inueei? oa naioiai?
eoeueoo?e, aea/aiiy aoii/ii? inoi?i? oe?a?ioeia oa iioeo ia?iaeia iaoi?
aea?aeaae.

Aiaeic inoi?eei-oieinionueeeo aeaea?ae naiae/eoue, ui
oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieiai/ii iniiae a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy aa?ooue
ii/aoie a aeaaiio aioe/ieo eoeueoo?ao. Canaaeii oe?iiinoi
a?iiaaeyinueeiai noniieuenoaa neeaaeaeeny iiae aieeaii aoiaiinoe/ieo
iaeae ieneeoaeia ?icieo aiio: Nie?aoa, Ieaoiia, A?inoioaey, O?ainoa
?aaea, Oiiaci Eaiiaiaeee, ssia Aiina Eiiainueeiai. ?o ?icaeoie ia
iaoe?iiaeueiiio ??oio? ieaeaee Iaeao?e Niio?eoeueeee, Oaioai I?ieiiiae/,
?aai Aeoainueeee, A?eai?ie Neiai?iaea.

I?iaeaia a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy caniaaie ia?iaeii? iaaeaaiaiee ia
iniiai iaoeiiiaeueieo i caaaeueiiethaenueeeo ii?aeueieo oeiiiinoae
?ice?eaa?oueny a i?aoeyo E.Ooeinueeiai, O.Oaa/aiea, I.Eoe?oa,
I.Einoiia?iaa, ?.O?aiea, A.A?ii/aiea, N.?oniai?, I.A?ooaanueeiai.

Aea/aiiy ooiaeaiaioaeueieo inoi?eei-oai?aoe/ieo ia?oiaeaea?ae
ia?aeiieeai naiae/eoue i?i oa, ui i?ioyaii noieioue i oeny/ieioue
oe?a?inueea iaoe?iiaeueia nenoaia ina?oe ? aeoiaaiiy iaa?iiaaeeea
oeiiiee iaoa?iae, ae?iaeea nenoaio oi?ioaaiiy a?iiaaeyieia, a yeie oni
neeaaeiai ia?aaoaathoue o oiniiio aca?iica`yceo. Na?ae/aiiyi oiio ? ?yae
aaaeeeaeo i?aoeue oa iaoeiaeo ?ic?iaie oe?a?inueeeo iaaeaaiaia OO-ai no.
A.Aauaiea, A.Iaea?aiea, A.Nooiieeinueeiai, I.Noaeueiaoiae/a.

Ineoieia?/i? aniaeoe naiiona?aeiieaiiy a thiaoeueeiio a?oe?
?ice?eaathoueny a i?aoeyo a/aieo-ineoieia?a: A.Aiae???ai?, E.Aiaeiae/,
A.Eiaaeueiaa, ?.Eiia, E.Iiaoeaeaiyi, N.?oaiiooaeia, E.O??aeiaia oa
?.Eoeaa?ii?, I.*aiaoe, I.*aniieiai?.

I?iaeaii noaiiaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? naiinaiaeiiinoi oa a?iiaaeyinueeeo
yeinoae no/anii? iieiaei a oiiaao ?icaoaeiae oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino?
i?enay/aii ie?ai? iaoeiai aeineiaeaeaiiy oa ioae?eaoe??
I.Ai?eoaanueeiai, I.Aeoiaanueeiai, I.?aiaoaiea, I.Eina??ai?,
E.E?eoeueei?, I.Iaeueieeiai?, A.Iiieoaeiiai, A.Nooia?eea,
I.Nooiieeinueei?, TH.?oaeaiea, A.*eaeaanueeiai, E.*i?ii?.

Iaoeiiiaeueia eoeueoo?a, ia?iaeia ienoaoeoai oa eiai neiaie?ea ?
i?aai?/ieie neeaaeiaeie oe?e?nii? nenoaie oe?a?inueei? aoiiiaaeaaia?ee.
Caaaeyee neiaiei/iie, ia?aciie iiai ienoaoeoaa ie iicia?ii inoi?ith,
naioiaeyae, ii?aeueii aa?oinoi iaoeo i?aaeeia. O ia?iaeiiio ienoaoeoa?
noni?euei? ?aea? ceeaathoueny c anoaoe/ieie o ia?icae?eueio ?aei?noue,
eio?a ia? oi?eaeuei? iiaeeeaino? aieeao ia iniaeno?noue noa?oieeanieea
oa oi?ioaaiiy eiai a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?.

Aea/ath/e oe?a?inueea ienoaoeoai, aeine?aeieee ?.Aioiiiae/, E.Eaa/oe,
I.Iaeaeai, A.Ua?aae?anueeee caoaaaeeee, ui oe?iiino? iaoiai ia?iaeo
ciaeoee nai? ao?eaiiy a naiiaooi?e neiaie?oe?. I?iaeaia neiaie?ee
iino?eii i?eaa?oaea oaaao iaoeiaoe?a: ?noi?ee?a (Ae.Aioiiiae/),
iiaiciaaoe?a (I.Iioaaiy), o?einio?a (I.Ein?a, E.Eaa/oe),
ienoaoeoaiciaaoe?a (A.Ua?aae?anueeee), aoiia?ao?a (A.Neo?ao?anueeee,
I.Oea/). Iaeiae, iiaeeeaino? aeoiaiiai aieeao neiaie?ee oe?a?inueeiai
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa ia i?ioean aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiinaiaeiiinoi noa?oieeanieeia ia aoee aeineiaeaeaii o aio/eciyiie
iaaeaaiai/iie iaooei. Aeooaeuei?noue oe??? i?iaeaie ? iaaeinoaoi?noue ??
aea/aiiy coiiaeee aea?? oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy “Aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa
Oe?a?ie”, aecia/aiiy ia’?eoa, i?aaeiaoa aeine?aeaiiy, oi?ioaaiiy
a?iioace, iaoe ? caaaeaiue iaoeiaiai iiooeo.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie.

Aeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiaeeoue aei eiiieaeniiai ieaio ? iaoeiai?
eiiieaenii? i?ia?aie ??aiainueeiai aeiiii?ei-aoiai?oa?iiai ?inoeoooo
“Nenoaia aeoiaaiiy o/i?anueei? oa nooaeaionueei? iieiae? ia ?aeayo ie?o
o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio i?ioean? oeiee ? aoco”.

Ia’?eo aeine?aeaiiy: a?iiaaeyinueea aeoiaaiiy noa?oieeaniee?a
caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e oa a?iiac?e.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy: i?ioean aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa
Oe?a?ie.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy: aea/eoe, oai?aoe/ii ia??oiooaaoe oa
aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??eoe ci?no, oi?ie ? iaoiaee aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie.

A?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy: i?ioean aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a aoaea aoaeoeaiei ca oaeeo
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia:

· yeui i?ioean aeeth/aiiy o/i?a noa?oeo eean?a o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaio
ae?yeuei?noue nie?aoeiaoueny ia noeoii?noue ianoaiia, iieiaeaiue,
iaoe?iiaeueieo oa caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oe?iiinoae, a?aeia?aaeaieo o
neiaie?oe? oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa, ui aeicaieythoue
o/eoaeyi oe?e oa a?iiac?e ?ice?eaaoe ci?no a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy ia
iniia? eiie?aoieo oyaeaiue i?i ?icaeoie Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae oa oai?/a
oi?ioaaiiy o/iy, a iaeaooi? a?iiaaeyie a?ae/oaaoeiooue aioo??oith
iio?aao a naiioaeineiiaeaii? oa ?icaeoeo aeanieo a?iiaaeyinueeeo
yeinoae;

· oe?eani?yiiaaiiai aieeao caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oa iaoe?iiaeueieo
oe?iiinoae, a?aeia?aaeaieo o neiaie?oe? oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai
ienoaoeoaa ia oi?ioaaiiy ?ioaeaeooaeueiiai, aiioe?eii-oe?ii?niiai,
i?aenaieia?/iiai eiiiiiaio?a a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
noa?oieeaniee?a o oaeeo ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo oiiaao: IIAeEA –
I?CIAIIss – AIIOe?EII-IOe?ITHTH*EE A?AeAOE – OAI?*?NOUe;

· oe?iei? a?oaeeoe?? a/eoaey a ieoaiiyo ienoaoeoaa oa caeaoiino?
?aae?ciaoaaoe nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? ooieoe?? neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai
ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio i?ioean?.

Caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy:

· ocaaaeueieoe ?noi?eei-iaaeaaia?/i? aniaeoe aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie a
oai??? ? i?aeoeoe? iaaeaaia?ee;

· ooi/ieoe nooi?noue iiiyooy “a?iiaaeyinueea naiina?aeii?noue”
noa?oieeaniee?a;

· aecia/eoe e?eoa??? oa ??ai? ?icaeoeo a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
o/i?a noa?oeo eean?a ia ??cieo aoaiao aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueii?
?iaioe;

· ia??oiooaaoe ci?no, oi?ie, iaoiaee oa iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae, ye?
caaacia/othoue aoaeoeai?noue i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa
Oe?a?ie;

· aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??eoe iaaeaaia?/io ?acoeueoaoeai?noue
cai?iiiiiaaieo iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie.

Iaoiaeieia?/ieie canaaeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ?aea? ? i?eioeeie
a?o/eciyii? oa na?oiai? aoiai?noe/ii? o?einio??: i?eioeei ae?aeaeoe/ii?
?aeiino? caaaeueiiethaenueeiai ? iaoe?iiaeueiiai a eoeueoo??, i?eioeei
iaiiaoi?iino? iniaenoino? o/iy ye noa’?eoa aeoiaaiiy, i?eioeei
aeoeaiino?, ?noi?ecio, ?aeiino? /ooo?aiai ? ?aoe?iiaeueiiai, oai??? ?
i?aeoeee, iaae/a?iiino? ia’?eoa i?ciaiiy, eiie?aoiino? ?noeie;
Eiinoeoooeiy Oe?a?ie, Caeiie Oe?a?ie: “I?i a?iiaaeyinoai Oe?a?ie”, “I?i
inaioo”, Aea?aeaaia iaoeiiiaeueia i?ia?aia “Inaioa” (“Oe?a?ia XXI no.”).

Oai?aoe/ieie aeaea?aeaie aenooieee eiioeaiooaeuei? iieiaeaiiy i?i
?aei?noue anoaoe/iiai ? ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy, a?iiaaeyinueeiai ?
iie?oe/iiai o oi?ioaaii? iniaenoino? a?iiaaeyieia (?.Cycthi, I.Naiaoei),
nioe?aeueii-ineoieia?/i? caeiiii??iino? oi?ioaaiiy naiina?aeiiino? o
thiaoeueeiio a?oe? (A.Aiae???aa, E.Aiaeiae/, ?.Eii, I.*aiaoa,
I.*aniieiaa), eoeueoo?o ye iniiao aeoiaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii?
naiina?aeiiino? oa na?oiaeyaeo a?iiaaeyieia Oe?a?ie (I.Noaeueiaoiae/,
TH.?oaeaiei, I.Aeoiaanueeee), nooi?noue ? caniae iaoe?iiaeueiiai
aeoiaaiiy (I.?aiaoaiei, I.Eina??aa, E.E?eoeueea, A.Iiieoaeiee).

Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy: oai?aoe/i?: aiae?c aeaea?ae c aeine?aeaeoaaii?
i?iaeaie oeyoii aea/aiiy o?einionueei?, ineoieia?/ii?, iaaeaaia?/ii? oa
?noi?e/ii? e?oa?aoo?e; aii??e/i?: niinoa?aaeaiiy, ?iaeea?aeoaeuei? oa
eieaeoeai? aan?aee, ?ioa?a’thaaiiy, aieaooaaiiy, aea/aiiy oe?eueii?
aeieoiaioaoe??, aea/aiiy, ocaaaeueiaiiy ? nenoaiaoecaoe?y iaaeaaia?/iiai
aeina?aeo; iaaeaaia?/iee aenia?eiaio (eiinoaooth/ee, oi?ioth/ee,
eiio?ieueiee); iaoaiaoe/ii-noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeaieo.

Aoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Ia ia?oiio aoai? (1994 – 1995 ??.) aea/aeany iaoeiaa ?noi?e/ia,
iaaeaaia?/ia, ineoieia?/ia, eoeueoi?ieia?/ia e?oa?aoo?a, i?iaiaeeeeny
niinoa?aaeaiiy ca ?iaioith a/eoae?a, eeanieo ea??aiee?a, o/i?a noa?oeo
eean?a oe?e oa a?iiac?e, nooaeaio?a iaaeaaia?/ieo oa
?noi?eei-o?eieia?/ieo oaeoeueoao?a; aoea noi?ioeueiaaia i?iaeaia
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ic?iaeai? iaoa, caaaeaiiy ? a?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Ia ae?oaiio aoai? (1995 – 1997 ??.) ?ic?iaeyeany iaoiaeeea
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ieaioaaeanue ? i?iaiaeeeany aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueia
?iaioa.

Ia o?aoueiio aoai? (1997 – 1998 ??.) i?iaiaeeeenue aiae?c, ia?iaea ?
ocaaaeueiaiiy iaoa??aeo aeine?aeaeaiiy, ioi?ieaiiy ?iaioe oa ae?iaeaiiy
iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy :

· ooi/iaii nooi?noue iiiyooy “a?iiaaeyinueea naiina?aeii?noue”,
aecia/aii e?eoa??? ?? noi?iiaaiino? o noa?oieeaniee?a;

· aecia/aii oa aenia?eiaioaeueii i?aeoaa?aeaeaii noeoii?noue
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oaoiieia?? aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee
oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa;

· aia?oa oai?aoe/ii ia??oiooaaii ? i?aeoe/ii ai?iaiaaii aeioe?euei?noue
iiaeo i?aeoiae?a, oeyo?a ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ci?noo, iaoiae?a ? oi?i
i?aai?caoe?? iaaeaaia?/ii? oaoiieia?? aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa
Oe?a?ie, yea noeioeth? oe?eani?yiiaaiee aieea caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oa
iaoe?iiaeueieo oe?iiinoae ia oi?ioaaiiy i?ciaaaeueiiai,
aiioe?eii-oe?ii?niiai, i?aenaieia?/iiai eiiiiiaio?a a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a oiio, ui ci?no ?iaioe,
iniiai? aeniiaee, ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei iie?ioaiiy i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a, iiaeooue aooe
aeei?enoai?:

· o i?ioean? ?ic?iaee oa ?aae?caoe?? aea?aeaaii? i?ia?aie
a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy o/i?anueei? iieiae? a Oe?a?i?, ??ciiiai?oieo
iaoe?iiaeueieo ? ?aa?iiaeueieo i?ia?ai, i?iaeo?a aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? o/i?anueei? iieiae?;

· i?e ?ic?iaoe? eo?n?a iaaeaaia?ee, ?noi??? iaaeaaia?ee, iaoiaeeee
aeoiaii? ?iaioe;

· i?e i?ia?aioaaii? iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe oe?e oa a?iiac?e, o
i?ioean? neeaaeaiiy iaa/aeueieo ieai?a, i?ia?ai, aeeaeaeoe/ieo oa
iaoiaee/ieo iin?aiee?a;

· o ?ic?iaoe? i?ia?aie oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?no “Oe?a?inueea ooaeiaeiy
eoeueoo?a”;

· iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ye? noinoaaeeny aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai
ienoaoeoaa ai?iaaaeaeoaaeenue o i?aeoeeo ?iaioe a?iiac?? ?1,
aoiai?oa?ii? a?iiac?? ?2, CIO ?1, ?13 i.??aiiai; E?aiaiaoeueei? CIO ?2
Oa?iii?euenueei? iae., Eaeonueei? CIO ?3 ?aaii-O?aie?anueei? iae.,
Nao??anueei? CIO ??aiainueei? iae., Oiea??anueei? CIO AEeoiie?nueei?
iae.; ??aiainueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai ?inoeoooo oa
??aiainueeiai aeiiii?ei-aoiai?oa?iiai ?inoeoooo (aeia?aeee
?01-05/07-566, ?93, ?235, ?167).

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a: iieyaa? o ?ic?iaoe? oa aenia?eiaioaeuei?e
ia?aa??oe? nenoaie iaaeaaia?/ieo caoiae?a, ui caaacia/othoue
aoaeoeai?noue i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie, o
aecia/aii? iaaeaaia?/ieo oiia ? /eiiee?a a?iiaaeyinueeiai
naiiona?aeiieaiiy noa?oieeaniee?a.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a: iaoa??aee oa ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeiiia?aeaeeny ia I?aeia?iaeieo (??aia 1996 ?., 1999 ?.),
Anaoe?a?inueeeo (Ee?a-??aia 1999 ?.), i?ae?aa?iiaeueieo (Eooeuee 1997
?., ??aia 1997 ?., 1998 ?.) iaoeiai-oai?aoe/ieo oa iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo
eiioa?aioe?yo, ia nai?ia?ao ? eo?nao i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? a/eoae?a
a iaeaniiio ?inoeooo? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a.

A??ia?aei?noue ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy oa iniiaieo aeniiae?a
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe caaacia/oaaeany iaoiaeieia?/iith ia??oioiaai?noth
?? aeo?aeieo oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue, canoinoaaiiyi eiiieaeno iaoiae?a,
aaeaeaaoieo ia’?eoo, i?aaeiaoo, iao? oa caaaeaiiyi; ?acoeueoaoaie
aenia?eiaioaeueii? ia?aa??ee ?ic?iaeaieo iieiaeaiue ? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e,
noaoenoe/iith ia?iaeith aeaieo.

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeine?aeaeaiiy aaoi?ii iioae?eiaaii 12 iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue caaaeueiei ianyaii iniaenoiai aianeo – 2,8 aaoi?nueeeo
ae?oeiaaieo a?eoo?a, o o. /. – 3 noaoo? o i?ia?aeieo oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??.

Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, aeaio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo
aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae oa 10 aeiaeaoe?a. Caaaeueiee ianya aeena?oaoe??
noaiiaeoue 177 noi??iie ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo. ?iaioa i?noeoue 12
oaaeeoeue ia 12 noi??ieao. Nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae iae?/o? 226
e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaeaiue. 10 aeiaeaoe?a i?noyoue 5 noai, 8 ae?aa?ai, 29
iaethie?a ia 11 noi??ieao, aieaoe, oanoe, ae?aaiinoe/i? ea?oe-noaie.

INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??

O anooi? ia??oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie, aecia/athoueny
ia’?eo, i?aaeiao ? iaoa ?iaioe, oi?ioeththoueny a?iioaca, caaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ice?eaa?oueny iaoeiaa iiaecia, i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy,
aoaie, ai?iaaoe?y oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Oai?aoe/i? canaaee aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa
Oe?a?ie” aecia/athoueny iniiai? aoaie ?icaeoeo ?aea? a?iiaaeyinueeiai
aeoiaaiiy ia oeyoo noaiiaeaiiy nenoaie oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai
aeoiaaiiy; ia??oioiao?oueny eiiiiiaioia no?oeoo?a a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? oa e?eoa??? ?? noi?iiaaiino? o noa?oieeaniee?a;
i?inoaaeo?oueny iaaeaaia?/iee aieea aoi?/ieo, iaoe?iiaeueieo oa
caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oe?iiinoae, a?aeia?aaeaieo o neiaie?oe?
oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa ia noaiiaeaiiy a?iiaaeyinueeino?
i?ae?inoath/iai iieie?iiy; aiae?co?oueny noai a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy
noa?oieeaniee?a o no/ani?e oeie? oa aecia/athoueny ??ai? noi?iiaaiino?
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? ia aoai? eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo.

I?iaiaey/e aeine?aeaeaiiy, ie cae?enieee aiae?c ?noi?e/ieo,
o?einionueeeo, iaaeaaia?/ieo aeaea?ae, ui aeicaieea iae?aneeoe iniiai?
aoaie ?icaeoeo ?aea? a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy a oe?a?inuee?e
iaaeaaia?/i?e oai??? ? i?aeoeoe? aeoiaaiiy.

Ia?oee aoai noaiiaeaiiy ?aea? a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy iia’ycaiee ?c
ooaa?aeaeaiiyi aea?aeaaiino? ia oa?aiao Oe?a?ie – Ee?anueei? ?on? oa
Aaeeoeueei-Aieeinueeiai eiyc?anoaa (9-14 no.). Aoiai?coth/ei ia/aeii
iaaeaaia?/ieo iiooe?a o aaeoc? a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy aenooia? ?aeay
iao??ioecio, ?aeiino? ?onueei? caie?, ii?aeueiiai oaeineiiaeaiiy
iniaenoino?, aoiai?cio, i???ioaoe?y ia noni?eueii-ei?eni? oe?iiino?
(“Ceaoino?oe”, “?cia?aaae”, “Iio/ai??” Aieiaeeie?a Iiiiiaoa).

Oe?a?inueea iaoe?iiaeueia nenoaia aeoiaaiiy aeinyaea cia/ieo oni?o?a a
aiioo ca?iaeaeaiiy eica//eie oa a?aeiiaeaiiy aea?aeaaiiai, aeiiii?/iiai
? eoeueoo?iiai noaa?ai?oaoo Oe?a?ie (15-18 no.), yea a?aee?eaa? ae?oaee
aoai noaiiaeaiiy ?aea? a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy. A oeae /an
c’yaeythoueny ia?o? i?aoe?, i?enay/ai? i?iaeaiai a?iiaaeyinueeiai
aeoiaaiiy. Oea oai?e aeaeaoieo a/aieo Ino?icueei? oa Ee?ai-Iiaeeyinueei?
aeaaeai?e: I.Niio?eoeueeiai, ?.A?caey, O.I?ieiiiae/a, N.Iieioeueeiai,
A.Neiai?iaee. Ona?aeiieoe iaiao?aei?noue i?eiiiaeoaaoe noni?euei?,
aea?aeaai? aeaaa /a?ac naiii?ciaiiy, ?icaeoie nai?o cae?aiinoae – inue
iaoa aeoiaii? nenoaie oe?a?inueeeo a/aieo-iaaeaaia?a.

A?aee?eoee ae?yeuei?noth oe?a?inueeeo iao??io?a, ui ia’?aeiaeenue 1848
?ieo a Ee?eei-Iaoiae??nueeiio a?aonoa? – I.Aoeaea, O.Oaa/aiea,
I.Einoiia?iaa, I.Eoe?oa, o?ao?e aoai ?icaeoeo ?aea? a?iiaaeyinueeiai
aeoiaaiiy (e?i. 18-ai-19 no.) aoa i?iaeiaaeaiee aeaeaoieie ae?y/aie
iaoee ? ina?oe: A.Aioiiiae/ai, I.Einoiia?iaei, I.Oaoeaae/ai, ?.O?aieii,
Eanath Oe?a?ieith, A.A??i/aieii. Aiie noai?eee oe?e?nio nenoaio
oe?a?iiciaanoaa, yea neeaaeaeany c ie?aieo iai?yie?a: a?oaieia??,
aio?iiieia??, aoiieia??, iiaiciaanoaa, e?oa?aoo?iciaanoaa,
?noi??ia?ao??, aeiiii?/ii? oai???. Caaaeyee i?ina?oieoeuee?e
ae?yeueiino? oe?a?inueei? ?ioae?aaioe?? c 1890-o ?ie?a a oi?aa?neoaoao,
a?iiac?yo, nai?ia??yo oa oeieao ooai?eeeny “a?iiaaee”, ui i?aai?ciaoaaee
a?ae?ioaee, aaee naiiina?oo, aeoiaoaaee a?iiaaeyinueeo naiina?aeii?noue
iieiae?.

*aoaa?oei aoaiii ?icaeoeo iaaeaaia?/ii? oai??? a?iiaaeyinueeiai
aeoiaaiiy ie aecia/a?ii ia?o? aeanyoe??//y OO-ai noie?ooy, ye? aeaee
iiooiao iiaei ?aeayi iao??ioecio. Ieoaiiyie a?ae?iaeaeaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueii? ina?oe ? aeoiaaiiy caeiaeeny I.A?ooaanueeee,
A.Aeiie/aiei, ?.Ia??iei, N.?oniaa, N.*a?eanaiei, A.Aauaiei. Iniiaieie
iieiaeaiiyie ?aea? a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy oeueiai ia??iaeo aenooieee
oae?: iaiiaiaiiy ina?oiuei-aeoiaii? nenoaie naiiaooi?i iaoe?iiaeueiei
ci?noii, iniiaith yeiai ? oe?a?inueea iiaa, eoeueoo?a, cae/a? –
neeaaeieee aeooiaiino? oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo; iaiao?aei?noue i???ioaoe??
iaoe?iiaeueii? ina?oe oa aeoiaaiiy ia na?oiaee ??aaiue; aeoiaaiiy
aenieieoeueoo?ieo iaaeaaia?/ieo eaae??a; oi?ioaaiiy oai?/i? iniaenoino?
a ?ioa?anao aea?aeaae, a?aoiaoth/e o aeoiaaii? ?aei?noue o?ueio
neeaaeiaeo aeaiaio?a aeoo?: ?icoio, ii/ooo?a ? aie?, ieaeaiiy
oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai aeoiaiiai ?aeaaeo.

I’yoee aoai aeaoo?ii 40-50-ie ?ieaie OO no. A aiioo eoeueoo iniae ?
canoith iaioaaee eaeaiaoeia?, aioeaoiaii? ?aea?, ye? i?eaaee aei
aeeaiei? e?ece o a?iiaaeyinueeiio aeoiaaii? iieiae?. ?aeay aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? ia ciaeoea naiai ao?eaiiy a i?aoeyo
iaaeaaia?a ?aaeyinueeiai ia??iaeo, aeiyoeii ? eeoa oai?/?noue
A.Nooiieeinueeiai (“Ia?iaeaeaiiy a?iiaaeyieia”, “Aeooiaiee na?o
oeiey?a”).

Caaa?ooth/e aiae?c noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo ?aea? a?iiaaeyinueeiai
aeoiaaiiy a oe?a?inuee?e iaaeaaia?oe?, i?aee?aneeii iniaeeaino? oinoiai
aoaio, yeee iia’yco?ii c a?aeiiaeaiiyi aea?aeaaii? iacaeaaeiino?
Oe?a?ie. Aiie aecia/athoueny iiaeeeainoyie aeei?enoaiiy iaaeaaiue
iaaeaaia?/ii? oai??? ? i?aeoeee iaoe?iiaeueiiai aeoiaaiiy a iiaeo
?noi?e/ieo, iie?oe/ieo ? nioe?aeueieo oiiaao ?icaoaeiae Oe?a?inueei?
aea?aeaae.

Ia no/aniiio aoai? ??ci? aniaeoe a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy
i?ae?inoath/iai iieie?iiy ?ice?eoi a i?aoeyo aaaaoueio a?o/eciyieo
a/aieo: oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae i?iaeaie a?iiaaeyinueeiai
aeoiaaiiy a oiiaao aea?aeaaioai?aiiy (I.Aeoiaanueeee, I.?aiaoaiei,
A.*eaeaanueeee, I.ss?ia/aiei); ?ieue iaoe?iiaeueieo oe?iiinoae o
a?iiaaeyinueeiio aeoiaaii? (I.Nooiieeinueea, E.E?eoeueea,
A.I?aeaoianueea); iniaeeaino? ia?iaeiciaa/iai i?aeoiaeo aei aeoiaaiiy
i?ae?inoath/iai iieie?iiy (I.?aiaoaiei, I.Eina??aa, A.Iiieoaeiee,
TH.?oaeaiei, I.Noaeueiaoiae/); iiooe?a noni?eueiiai aeoiaiiai ?aeaaeo
(A.Iineaeaoeue, A.Nio?inueea, ?.Nyaaaei, I.Oa?auaiei);
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo iniaeeainoae oi?ioaaiiy a?iiaaeyieia (?.Aao,
I.Ai?eoaanueeee); oi?ioaaiiy na?oiaeyaeo a?iiaaeyieia Oe?a?ie,
iaoe?iiaeueii? oa a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? (I.Aeoiaanueeee,
TH.?oaeaiei, E.*i?ia).

Iniaeeai? oaaae o aeoiaaii? a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? iio?aao?
noa?oee oe?eueiee a?e. Aecia/ath/e thiaoeueeee aie ye iaeni?eyoeea?oee
aeey oi?ioaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiinaiaeiiinoi, aieueoinoue iaaeaaiaia,
ineoieiaia oa nioeiieiaia aeaeieythoue oaei eiai iniaeeainoi: naiaeiio
iio?aao iiiiaiaiiy nai?o ciaiue, noaiiaeaiiy aeanieo iiaeyaeia i
ia?aeiiaiue, /ioei? a?iiaaeyinueei? iiceoei?; i?aaiaiiy naiinoieiinoi;
iio?aao naii?icaeoeo ? naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy.

Ia iniia? oai?aoe/iiai aiae?co ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e,
ocaaaeueiaiiy iaaeaaia?/iiai aeina?aeo ie i?eeoee aei aeniiaeo, ui
a?iiaaeyinueea naiina?aeii?noue – oea aeanoea?noue iniaenoino?, ui
aeyaey?oueny a ?aeiino? oaeeo eiiiiiaio?a: i?ciaaaeueiiai,
aiioe?eii-oe?ii?niiai, i?aenaieia?/iiai.

Nie?ath/enue ia iieiaeaiiy TH.?oaeaiea, ui “eoeueoo?i? o?aaeeoe??
ia?iaeo ? aecia/aeueiei /eiieeii aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? iniaenoino? ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaoaeiae iaoi?
aea?aeaaiino?”, ie ae??oeee, ui ?? noaiiaeaiiy a?aeaoaa?oueny
ia?aeaeueii c oi?ioaaiiyi ie?aieo, cia/oueo yeinoae iniaenoino?, ye?
aeathoue ciiao ia??oiooaaoe ci?noiaio noi?iio icia/aii? o?eeiiiiiaioii?
no?oeoo?e a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?, aecia/eoe ?? e?eoa???.

I?ciaaaeueiee eiiiiiaio a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? ioiieth?:
?icaeiai?noue ?ioaeaeooaeueii? noa?e, i?aaiaiiy na?aeiiiai iiiiaiaiiy
nai?o ciaiue; iayai?noue na?oiaeyaeo a?iiaaeyieia Oe?a?ie, ui aeeth/a?
nenoaio ciaiue oa ii?i ? i?aaee iiaaae?iee o noni?euenoa?; ona?aeiieaiiy
iaiao?aeiino? canoiniaoaaoe ?o ia i?aeoeoe?; ?icoi?iiy naiai aaiaceno,
aea?aeaaii-iao??ioe/iee ??aaiue iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino?.

E?eoa??yie aiioe?eii-oe?ii?niiai eiiiiiaioa aenooieee: noi?iiaai?noue
iaoe?iiaeueieo oa iao??ioe/ieo ii/ooo?a, ia?aaeeaaiiy iniaeno?noth
iiceoeaiiai aiioe?eiiai noaaeaiiy aei iaoe?iiaeueii? aeooiaii? oa
iaoa??aeueii? eoeueoo?e, ?ioa?an ? aaaeaiiy iino?eii iiiiaithaaoe nai?
ciaiiy i?i oai?e iaoe?iiaeueiiai ienoaoeoaa, caeaoi?noue a?aeaoeoaaoenue
ia i?iyae i?ae?aniiai a aeeoo?; iniaenoa caiaiiei?iiy i?iaeaiaie
iaoe?iiaeueiiai aea?aeaaioai?aiiy; caeaoi?noue ioe?ithaaoe yaeua oa
i?iyae no/aniiai noni?eueiiai aeeooy a Oe?a?i?, naith oa /oaeo
iiaaae?ieo, aca?ii?icoi?iiy, aca?iiiiaaaa aei ?ioeo iaoe?e.

I?aenaieia?/iee eiiiiiaio a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny: noi?iiaai?noth aeeiiaanueeeo ai?iue oa iaae/ie,
caeaoi?noth canoiniaoaaoe ciaiiy oa ai?iiy a ??cieo aeaeao i?aeoe/ii?
ae?yeueiino?, aeio?eiaiiyi ii?i ? i?aaee iiaaae?iee a ?iaeei? oa
noni?euenoa?; ni?yiiaai?noth nai?o i?aaiaiue o iaeaooi?, iayai?noth
?aea? oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino?, i?aaiaiiyi aei nioe?aeueii? oai?/ino?,
caeaoi?noth i?eeiaoe oe?iiino? caaaeueiiethaenuee? oa iaoe?iiaeuei? aei
aeanii? nenoaie aeeoo?aeo i???ioe??a oa ea?oaaoeny ieie a ae?yeueiino?;

Ioaea, a?iiaaeyinueea naiina?aeii?noue – oea neeaaeiee i?ioean
ona?aeiieaiiy iniaeno?noth nai?? a?iiaaeyinueei? nooiino?, ioe?ithaaiiy
naaa ye iao??ioa iacaeaaeii? Oe?a?ie, ui i?iyaey?oueny a
nioe?aeueii-cia/ou?e ae?yeueiino?, ni?yiiaai?e ia ?icaeoie Aaouee?aueie.
Iiaa nenoaia a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy iiaeiia ioiieoe i?ioean
oi?ioaaiiy on?o neeaaeiaeo a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? o o?ni?e
aca?iiae??.

Iaeiei ?c aaaeeeaeo /eiiee?a aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
noa?oieeaniee?a ie aaaaea?ii iaoe?iiaeuei? oa caaaeueiiethaenuee?
oe?iiino?, ui yne?aai oa ia?acii a?aeia?aaeai? a oe?a?inuee?e ooaeiaei?e
eoeueoo??. A?aoiaoth/e oa, ui i?ciaiiy iaoe?iiaeueieo ?
caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oe?iiinoae o eiioaeno? ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e oa
niaoeeo?ea ?o ni?eeiyooy ia? nai? iniaeeaino?, ie i?aaioee a no?oeoo??
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa ciaeoe aeaiaioe aeoiaiiai aieeao. Oaeeie
/eiieeaie, ia iao iiaeyae, ? caniae ia?acii? ae?aciino? ia?iaeiiai
ienoaoeoaa – neiaie?ea eieuei?o oa ooaeiaei?o ia?ac?a.

Neiaie o ienoaoeoa? aenooia? aeey iicia/aiiy iaaieo eiie?aoieo /e
aano?aeoieo iiiyoue, aeei?enoiao?oueny aeey caa?aaeaiiy oa ia?aaea/?
?ioi?iaoe??, anoaoe/ieo oe?iiinoae, ?aea? ooaeiaeiueiai oai?o.
Caeaoi?noue neiaie?ee oiiaii, ca aeiiiiiaith iai/iiai ia?aco ia?aaeaaaoe
neiioeaio?iaaiee o i?e ocaaaeueiaiee ci?no, oe?eani?yiiaaii aieeaaoe ia
na?aeii?noue ethaeeie iaoiiaeee ?? canoinoaaiiy a ??ciiiai?oieo noa?ao
ethaenueeiai aeeooy. E??i oiai, iiaeeea?noue ca aeiiiiiaith neiaie?ee
iicia/aoe neeaaei? iiiyooy, yaeua i?inoeie, ciai?oiuei i?eaaaeeaeie
i?aaeiaoaie, ia?acaie ? aieeaaoe ia oi?ioaaiiy o i?ae?inoath/iai
iieie?iiy na?oiaeyaeieo iiiyoue, oyaeaiue coiiaeea ?? aeei?enoaiiy a
??cieo nenoaiao aeoiaaiiy.

Iniiaith aeey oi?ioaaiiy oe?iiinoae iniaenoino? a?iiaaeyieia
Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae ? ii?aeueii-na?oiaeyaei? oe?iiino? ??aeiiai
ia?iaeo oa anueiai aoiai?noe/iiai ethaenoaa. I?ciath/e ciaeiao nooi?noue
oe?a?inueei? ia?yaeiai-?ae?a?eii?, o?enoeyinueei?, aea?aeaaii?,
?aa?iiaeueii?, neiaie?ee eieuei?o, yea ciaeoea nai? ao?eaiiy o oai?ao
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa, ie inyaa?ii oe?iiino? oaeeo ??ai?a: a?/i?
(aeia?i, ethaia, i?aaaea, a??a, iaae?y, a?aei?noue, e?ana);
iaoe?iiaeuei? (?aeay naiino?eiino? ? aea?aeaaiino? Oe?a?ie,
a?ae?iaeaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino? oa a?aeiino?, aeciaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueieo oa aea?aeaaieo neiaie?a, iioaia aei oe?a?inueei?
eoeueoo?e ? iiae, ?noi?e/ia iai’youe); aeaiie?aoe/i? (nioe?aeueia
aa?iii?y, iiaaaa aei i?aa ethaeeie, i?aaiaa na?aeii?noue,
naiia?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue, ??ai?noue); n?iaei? (iiae?oaeiy a??i?noue ?
ethaia, iaa??aaiiy oe?eino? n?i’?, i?eeoaaiiy i?i ae?oae ? noa?oeo,
i?aoeueiaeo?noue, ainoeii?noue, eoeueo i?aaee?a); oe?iiino? iniaenoiai
aeeooy (i?aoeueiaeo?noue, ioaei?noue, iioei?ci, oai?/ee iioaioe?ae,
oa?iaeea?noue, caei?iaee niin?a aeeooy, caeaoi?noue ia
naii?aae?caoe?th).

Canaithth/e ci?no neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa oe?a?inueea iieiaeue
ia? caaaa/oaaoenue iieiaeaiiyie, ?aeayie, oe?iiinoyie iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?
caaaeueiiethaenueeiai ??aiy. Canai?i? ae oaeei oeyoii oe?iiino?
o?ainoi?iothoueny o ii?aeuei? i???ioe?e na?aeiii? iniaenoino?
a?iiaaeyieia. Oea oie eiiiiiaio no?oeoo?e, yeee ? no?eaeiai
naiina?aeiiino?, iaaeiei yeiai iaa?oathoueny iiienee, ii/oooy ethaeeie.
A oeueiio iieyaa? niaoeeo?ea oe?ii?niiai i?aeoiaeo aei i?iaeaie
aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? iniaenoino? caniaaie neiaie?ee
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie.

Ia aoai? eiinoaooth/iai aeine?aeaeaiiy (1994-1995 ?.?.) ie ae??ooaaee
oae? caaaeaiiy: aea/aiiy noaio a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy
noa?oieeaniee?a o iaaeaaia?/i?e i?aeoeoe? caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee oa
a?iiac??; aecia/aiiy ??ai?a a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oeo
oeiey??a oa ?oi?o anoaoe/ieo ?ioa?an?a.

Ia’?eoeaia oa?aeoa?enoeea noaio a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy aeaia ia
iniia? aiae?co ?? ci?noo, oi?i, iaoiae?a ? cania?a ?iaioe no/anieo oe?e
oa a?iiac?e. I?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeiny oeyoii aea/aiiy
iaoa??ae?a iaaeaaia?/ieo ?aae, ci?noo ieai?a aeoiaii? ?iaioe,
niinoa?aaeaiiy aeoiaieo caoiae?a o noa?oeo eeanao; aieaooaaiiy a/eoae?a,
o/i?a, aaouee?a c iaoith aeyaeaiiy ia?aiao??a i?iyao a?iiaaeyinueeeo
yeinoae noa?oieeaniee?a oa ?o naiiioe?iee oeiey?aie; i?iaaaeaiiy aan?ae
c iaaeaaiaaie oa ae?oueie; aiae?co oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? noa?oieeaniee?a,
c’ynoaaiiy ??aiy i?aeaioiaeaiino? aei ae??oaiiy caaaeaiue
a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy nooaeaio?a noa?oeo eo?n?a iaaeaaia?/iiai oa
?noi?eei-o?eieia?/iiai oaeoeueoao?a.

O eiinoaooth/iio aeine?aeaeaii? a?aee o/anoue 247 noa?oieeaniee?a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? 209 – eiio?ieueieo eean?a a?iiac?? ?1 i.??aia,
aoiai?oa?ii? a?iiac?? i.??aia, CIO ?3 i.Eaeoo ?aaii-O?aie?anueei?
iaeano?, Oiea??anueei? na?aaeiuei? oeiee Iiaia?aae-Aieeinueeiai ?aeiio
AEeoiie?nueei? iaeano?, CIO ?2 i.E?aiaiaoeue Oa?iii?euenueei? iaeano?,
Nao??anueei? na?aaeiuei? oeiee Ieei?anueeiai ?aeiio ??aiainueei?
iaeano?. O aea??eo aeine?aeaeaiiy i?e aieaoiiio iieooaaii? oa?eoee
a/eoae? oa eo?aoi?e oe?e oa a?iiac?e, aaoueee.

O eiinoaooth/iio aenia?eiaio? aoei cae?eniaii aiae?c noaio noi?iiaaiino?
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a eiio?ieueieo oa
aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a. I?e oeueiio aeei?enoiaoaaeeny iaoiaee:
oe?eani?yiiaai? niinoa?aaeaiiy ca i?aai?caoe??th ? ci?noii
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe, eiiieaeni? iaoiaeeee ianoaaeaiiy, ui
ioiiethaaee niinoa?aaeaiiy e aiae?c ae?e oa iiaaae?iee noa?oieeaniee?a o
iaaeaaia?/ii iiaeaeueiaaieo neooaoe?yo oa oeo, ui aeieeaee noeo?eii;
iieooaaiiy, iaoiae aenia?oieo ioe?iie. Aenia?eiaioaeuei? caaaeaiiy
i?iiiioaaeeny aeeoa?aioe?eiaaii aei eiaeiiai c eiiiiiaio?a
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? (i?ciaaaeueiiai, aiioe?eii-oe?ii?niiai
oa i?aenaieia?/iiai).

Oae, aeey ae?aaiinoeee i?ciaaaeueiiai eiiiiiaioa a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeanieeai aoei cai?iiiiiaaii a?aeiia?noe ia
caieoaiiy aieaoe “*e cia?o oe oe?a?inueea ia?iaeia ienoaoeoai?”;
i?iaiaeeeenue ienueiia? ?iaioe c ?noi??? Oe?a?ie, ia?iaeiciaanoaa,
e?oa?aoo?e. Iaoiae nie?ao?anueeeo aan?ae, ui caaa?ooaaany ienueiiaei
aeeeaaeii o/i?anueeeo aeoiie, canoiniaoaaany aeey aeyaeaiiy oe?ii?niiai
noaaeaiiy oeiey??a aei i?iaeai ii?aeueii-aoe/iiai ci?noo: “O /iio e?ana
ethaeeie?”, “Na?oiaeyae ? ii?aeue”. Iaoith oanoiaeo caaaeaiue oa
iaaeaaia?/ii iiaeaeueiaaieo neooaoe?e aoei aeyaeaiiy eiiiaoaioe??
noa?oieeaniee?a uiaei ii?i ? i?aaee iiaaae?iee o no/aniiio noni?euenoa?.

Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aiae?co aoei aeae?eaii o?e ??ai? noi?iiaaiino?
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a: aeinoaoi?e, na?aaei?e
oa iecueeee.

Iecueeee ??aaiue aoei cao?eniaaii o a?eueoino? o/i?a (aenia?eiaioaeueieo
eean?a – 47,9 %, eiio?ieueieo – 58,1%). Eiai oa?aeoa?iith iciaeith ? oa,
ui aeai? oeiey?? aeyaeythoue neaaeee ?ioa?an aei i?ciaiiy ?noi?e/iiai
ieioeiai oa nueiaiaeaiiy Oe?a?ie, iaoe?iiaeueii? ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e.
sse iane?aeie – ia/?oe? oyaeaiiy i?i ?icaeoie noni?euenoaa oa eoeueoo?io
niaaeueio iaoiai ia?iaeo. Aiie ?icoi?thoue nooi?noue iaoe?iiaeueieo oa
caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oe?iiinoae, i?ioa ia caaaeaee ae?thoue a?aeiia?aeii
aei oeeo ii?aeueieo ianoaiia. ?oiy aaeaeoae?noue, aiioe?eia
?iaeaoa?aioi?noue i?ecaiaeeoue aei oiai, ui na?aae niiioeaiue aei o/ano?
o a?iiaaenuee?e oa oai?/?e ae?yeueiino? a o/i?a ia?aaaaeathoue o?, ye? ?
iane?aeeii ?aaaoaaiiy ia iaai? ciai?oi? ?icii?yaeaeaiiy (a/eoaey,
eieaeoeao), a ia ia aioo??oi?, ii?iaeaeai? aeaniei aaaeaiiyi. Iaaaoeaii
noaaeyoueny, aai ae cian?i ia aecia/athoue nai? noaaeaiiy aei ?ioeo
iaoe?e, ia?iae?a.

Na?aaei?e ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? (o/i?
aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a – 39,5 %, o/i? eiio?ieueieo – 32,4 %)
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny oei, ui a o/i?a neeaeenue ia?aaaaeii i?aaeeuei? ciaiiy
nioe?aeueiiai, ?noi?e/iiai ci?noo. Aiie canaiththoue ii?ie
caaaeueiiethaenueei? oa iaoe?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e oa ona?aeiieththoue ?o
cia/aiiy. O nai?e ae?yeueiino? oeiey?? ea?othoueny oeeie aoiai?noe/ieie
ianoaiiaaie oa i?aaiooue ?icaeoeo aeanieo ii?aeueieo yeinoae. O oaeeo
o/i?a niinoa??aa?oueny, ye i?aaeei, iaaeinoaoi?e ??aaiue ciaiue o aaeoc?
ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e. Ia aeeaey/enue ia oea, ?i i?eoaiaiia
noeeuei?noue aei aiioe?eii-iane/aii? ioe?iee ia?iaeii? oai?/ino?,
i?aaiaiiy iiiiaithaaoe nai? ciaiiy i?i ienoaoeoai. Aaaeaiiy a?aoe
o/anoue o aeoiaieo caoiaeao ia?iaeiciaa/iai oa ienoaoeueeiai oa?aeoa?o
aeyaey?oueny oiae?, eiee a/eoaeue /e ae?oc? caa?oathoue ia oea oaaao,
caioi/othoue ?o oa ca?aaee iniaenoinoi? ei?eno?. A?iiaaenuee? aei?o/aiiy
aeeiiothoue noie?iii, aea ia aeyaeythoue ?i?oe?aoeao oa naiino?ei?noue,
ia ai?thoue caeo/aoe aei ?iaioe nai?o oiaa?eo?a. Aeai? o/i?
oa?aeoa?ecothoueny ?icaeiaieie iao??ioe/ieie ii/oooyie oa iiceoeaiei
noaaeaiiyi aei ?ioeo ia?iae?a, iaoe?e.

Aeinoaoi?e ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? (o/i?
aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a – 12,6 %, eiio?ieueieo – 9,5%)
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aeia?eie ciaiiyie ia?iaeii? oai?/ino?, ?noi?e/iiai
ieioeiai naiai ia?iaeo, i?iyaii caeaoiino? aei oai?/iai ni?eeiaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueieo cae/a?a, ia?yae?a oe?a?inueeiai oa ?ioeo ia?iae?a. O/i?
a?ae/oaathoue iio?aao a nenoaiaoe/iiio iaieiae?ii? nioe?aeueieie
ciaiiyie, ae?iaeythoue ai?iiy ioe?ithaaoe iiae?? noni?eueiiai aeeooy.
Ona?aeiiethth/e iaiao?aei?noue io?eiaiiy ciaiue, noa?oieeanieee ai?thoue
naiino?eii iiaeeaethaaoe ?o, i?aoethth/e a a?ae?ioaeao, iocayo,
eaai?aoi??yo. Aeai? oeiey?? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny ?icaeiaieie iao??ioe/ieie
ii/oooyie, aenieith aoiaii?noth oa eoeueoo?ith, aeia?ioith oa ai?iiyi
i?eeoaaoeny i?i nai?o ??aeieo oa ae?oc?a. ?i i?eoaiaiia aa?aaeeeaa
noaaeaiiy aei iaoe?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e oa iiaaaa aei i?aaenoaaiee?a
?ioeo ia?iae?a, iaoe?e. Oae? o/i? aeyaeythoue aeoeai?noue a i?aai?caoe??
? i?iaaaeaii? iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe, ?i?oe?aoeao oa naiino?ei?noue
a aeoe?yo aoiaiiiai ni?yioaaiiy; ni?eythoue ?icaeoeo ?ioa?an?a oeiey??a
aei ciaiue eoeueoi?ieia?/iiai ci?noo; oai?/i canoiniaothoue iaaooa o
ao?oeao oa a?iiaaenuee?e ae?yeueiino?. Noa?oieeanieee aecia/athoue aeey
naaa eiie?aoio i?ia?aio naiiaaeineiiaeaiiy, yeo iaiaaathoueny
iine?aeiaii aeeiioaaoe.

Io?eiai? aeai? aeicaieeee iai c?iaeoe aeniiaee i?i noai aeine?aeaeoaaii?
i?iaeaie: o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio i?ioean? ua iaaeinoaoiuei
aeei?enoiaothoueny o?aaeeoe?? iaoe?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e oa ienoaoeoaa c
iaoith aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a;
oe?iiino?, a?aeia?aaeai? o ienoaoeoa? /anoi oeoia/aoueny iiaa?oiaai, o
?iaio? iaaeaaia?a caa?oathoue ia naaa oaaao oae? oeiia? iaaeie?ee:
iaaeinoaoi?e oai?aoe/iee oa i?aeoe/iee ??aaiue i?aeaioiaeaiino?
iaeaooi?o o/eoae?a a oiiaao iaaeaaia?/iiai aoco aei ae??oaiiy aeaii?
i?iaeaie; ia ?ic?iaeaia nenoaia a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy
noa?oieeaniee?a o no/anieo oiiaao oeiee.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueia ?iaioa iaaeaaia?/ieo
eieaeoea?a oe?e iaae ai?iaaaeaeaiiyi oaoiieia?? aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? o/i?a noa?oeo eean?a caniaaie neiaie?ee
oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa” i?aaenoaaeaii ?ic?iaeaio oai?aoe/io
iiaeaeue oaoiieia?? aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie;
iienaii ?? ai?iaaoe?th; aecia/aii ??ai? noi?iiaaiino? a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a ia aoaiao oi?ioth/iai ? eiio?ieueiiai
aenia?eiaioo oa iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oi?i ? iaoiae?a
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe o eo?n? oaeoeueoaoeao “Oe?a?inueea ooaeiaeiy
eoeueoo?a” oa a iicaeeani?e ?iaio? c? noa?oieeanieeaie.

O aeine?aeaeaii? ie iaiaaaeeny noai?eoe oe?e?nio nenoaio aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie, a?aoiaoth/e a?eiao niaoeeo?eo oa
anoaoe/i? niaee noa?oieeaniee?a, ui aeicaiey? cae?enieoe iioeiaeueiee
aea?? iaoa??aeo, aecia/eoe iaoiaee ? oi?ie eiai aeeeaaeo.

Oeyoaie ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oaoiieia?? aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa
Oe?a?ie ie aecia/eee: i???ioaoe?th ia caaaeueiiethaenuee? oa
iaoe?iiaeuei? oe?iiino?, a?aeia?aaeai? a neiaie?oe? oe?a?inueeiai
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa o iicao?i/i?e aeoiai?e ?iaio?; oaeineiiaeaiiy
i?aeaioiaee iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey aei i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? oeiey??a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e;
aeeth/aiiy a iaa/aeueiee ieai caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee oa a?iiac??
niaoe?aeueiiai oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?no “Oe?a?inueea ooaeiaeiy eoeueoo?a”.

A iniiao cai?iiiiiaaii? nenoaie aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee oe?a?inueeiai
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa ie iieeaee oae? i?eioeeie:

1. i?eioeei ?aeiino? i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
oa aiioe?eii-?ioaeaeooaeueiiai inieneaiiy noa?oieeanieeaie
iaia?an?/iino? caaaeueiiethaenueeeo ooaeiaei?o oe?iiinoae,
a?aeia?aaeaieo a neiaie?oe?;

2. i?eioeei ae?aeiao eoeueoo?, ni?yiiaaiee ia a?aooaaiiy ooaeiaei?o
?ioa?an?a oa caieo?a no/anii? iieiae? oa ona?aeiieaiiy o/iyie
caeiiii??iinoae ?noi?e/ii? aaiethoe?? iaoe?iiaeueiiai ienoaoeoaa ?
ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e a oe?eiio;

3. i?eioeei a?aooaaiiy a?eiaeo iniaeeainoae ni?eeiyooy ia?acii?
neiaie?/ii? iiae ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa noa?oieeanieeaie;

4. i?eioeei ?aeiino? oa aca?iiae?? neeaaeiaeo oe?e?nii? ooaeiaeiuei?
eoeueoo?e, inieneaiiy ?? aeaeiaiai aaaaonoaa;

5. i?eioeei aeoeaiino? oa nenoaiaoe/iino? o aeoiaaii? a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa
Oe?a?ie.

Iaoa oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo (1995-1996 i.?., 1996-1997 i.?.) iieyaaea
a oiio, uia ia?aa??eoe oai?aoe/ii aeeeaaeaio iiaeaeue o i?aeoeoe?
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee oa a?iiac?? c?
noa?oieeanieeaie. ?aae?caoe?y aeoiaieo caaaeaiue o eo?n? “Oe?a?inueea
ooaeiaeiy eoeueoo?a” ia aac? aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a oe?e oa a?iiac?e
aaeanue o ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo oiiaao: IIAeEA – I?CIAIIss –
AIIOe?EII-IOe?ITHTH*EE A?AeAOE – OAI?*?NOUe.

Ia?oith noiaeeieith ia oeyoo ineoieiai-aiioe?eiiai ni?eeiyooy neiaie?ee
ooaeiaeiueiai oai?o noaa aoai IIAeEAO, yeee ia?aaeaa/aa aeeeeeaoe o
oeiey??a aaaeaiiy iiaioaaoe aeooiaiei na?oii ia?aco-neiaieo, oe?ii?nii?
?aea? oai?o. No/anieo noa?oieeaniee?a oaeeththoue i?iaeaie iia’ycai? c
nioe?aeueieie oa eoeueoo?ieie iiae?yie, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a Oe?a?i?.
Oiio, i?iaiaey/e caiyooy o eo?n? oaeoeueoaoeao “Oe?a?inueea ooaeiaeiy
eoeueoo?a”, ie iaiaaaeeny a?aeae?aoe oai?e oe?a?inueeeo aaoi??a, ye?
iaea?eueoa a?aeiia?aeaee iinoaaeaiiio caaaeaiith (I.Caeeaaoe,
A.Ai?nueei?, O.ssaeiinueei? oa ?i.). Ia oeueiio aoai? ie aeei?enoiaoaaee
a?coaeuei? oa caoeia? caniae aieeao, eiiaiooaaiiy iacae/aeieo yaeu oa
ia?ac?a ienoaoeoaa.

Naia c oeueiai iiiaioo ianooiaa aoai I?CIAIIss ye
?ioaeaeooaeueii-i?ciaaaeueiee i?ioean iaeiie/aiiy ciaiue, ai?iue
iia?oaaoe ieie, ia?aaeoiiaa noaiiaeaiiy iaae/ie aeaniiai ioe?iiiai
noaeaeaiiy. I?e oeueiio ae?yeuei?noue a/eoaey ? o/i?a, ni?yiiaaia ia
i?ciaiiy neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa iiaeiia ciaoiaeeoenue o
?aae?on? oe?iiino? oa ?aeiino? eiai aoi?/ieo, iaoe?iiaeueieo,
caaaeueiiethaenueeeo iciae. Aeoeaieie iaoiaeaie iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii?
?iaioe ia aeaiiio aoai? aoee: aan?aee, eaeoe??, nai?ia?nuee? oa
i?aeoe/i? caiyooy, ?iciia?ae?, aeiiia?ae?, aeeneon??, ni?yiiaai? ia
oi?ioaaiiy ?aeae, ciaiue, iiaeyae?a, ui aoiaeyoue o no?oeoo?o
na?oiaeyaeo a?iiaaeyieia Oe?a?ie.

O i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe, ie caa?ioeeny aei aeaea?ae
noa?iaeaaiuei? aeooiaiino? ethaenoaa: i?oieia??, eaaaiae, a?ae?eieo
iiia?aeae; aeeaiienieo iieioai ia o?enoeyinueeo oaiaoeeo. Iiae?aia
caa?iaiiy coiiaeaia oei, ui ooaeiaeiy niaaeueia iiaoaeiaaia ia iniia?
a?/ieo ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae, ui ?ice?eaathoueny o oeeo oai?ao.

Iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy aeey oi?ioaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueeeo oe?iiinoae
noa?oieeaniee?a ia? oe?a?inueea aea?aeaaia neiaie?ea. Iciaeiieaiiy c?
neeaaeiei i?ioeanii oai?aiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? neiaie?ee i?ae /an aea/aiiy
oai “Oe?a?inueea aa?aeueaeeea”, “Eicaoeueea aa?iei” ni?eyei oi?ioaaiith
?noi?e/ii? iai’yo? noa?oieeaniee?a, ii/ooo?a a?iiaaeyinueei? ai?aeino?
oa a?aeiino?, a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca aeieth naiai ia?iaeo.

O i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe ie i?eeoee aei aeniiaeo, ui iio?aaa
oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? aeieea? oiae?, eiee o/i? aeeaiei inyaathoue
neiaie?eo ooaeiaei?o oai??a ? a?aeaoeothoueny aeanieie ii/oooyie ia ieo.
Ia aoai? AIIOe?EII-IOe?ITHTH*IAI A?AeAOEO ie ?aae?ciaoaaee oae? oi?ie
?iaioe: ni?eeiaiiy oa aiae?c oai??a ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa, aeo/iee
aeia?? ieoaiue aeey aeeaoiai ?icoi?iiy ooaeiaei?o oe?iiinoae ao?eaieo o
neiaie?oe?, aiae?c i??eoaaiue ?iaaniee?a, ?ica?? ii?aeueii-aoe/iiai
ci?noo oai??a, iiaeaethaaiiy ii?aeueieo neooaoe?e, aeecueeeo ci?noia?
ooaeiaeiueiai oai?o, aeneo?n?? aei e?a?ciaa/iai iocath oa iocath
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa, aan?aee c ae?y/aie eoeueoo?e, eaeoe?? iaeno??a
ia?iaeieo ?aianae, aeeneon??.

?acoeueoaoii caeo/aiiy noa?oieeaniee?a aei i?ciaiiy ? inieneaiiy
neiaie?ee oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa noaa aoai OAI?*INO?. I?e
oeueiio, o/i?anueeo oai?/?noue ie ?icaeyaea?ii ye a?aeaeca?eaeaiiy ?o
a?iiaaeyinueeeo oa ii?aeueii-anoaoe/ieo yeinoae o ??cieo aeaeao
ae?yeueiino?. O/i?anueea oai?/?noue aeyaeea naaa a i?aeoe/ieo ni?aaao:
iaienaii? a?aeaoe?a oa ?aoeaic?e ia a?aea?aeai? ooaeiaei? aenoaaee oa
oaao?aeuei? iinoaiiaee, o neeaaeaii? ?aoa?ao?a, i?iaaaeaii? eiieo?n?a ia
iaee?auo aiaeaio, aa?a oeiee, a i?aai?caoe?? nayo, aeenioo?a, eiieo?n?a,
a?eoi?ei, aa/i??a.

Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy nenoaie iicao?i/ieo caoiae?a, ni?yiiaaieo ia oi?ioaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a ia?aaeaa/aei aeeth/aiiy
o aeoiaiee i?ioean o/i?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa eiio?ieueieo eean?a.
I?iaaaeaiiy oaeeo aeoiaieo caoiae?a, ye o/i?anuee? eiioa?aioe?? “Iiy
caiey – caiey ii?o aaouee?a”, “Ie – ??aiyie”, “Oai aeanue aeaeaei ia
Aieei?”, “Oe?a?inuee? aa?aaei?”, ie?ii?aaee, oai?/? oo?i??e, aenoaaee
ia?acioai?/iai ienoaoeoaa, ni?ai?aoey c eeoaii “O na?o? i?ae?aniiai”
iaeaniiai ina?aaeeo oiaa?enoaa I?ina?oa, e?oae? noiee ca o/anoth
i?aoe?aiee?a ina?oe ? eoeueoo?e, i?aaenoaaiee?a aeooiaainoaa, ni?eyei
ia’?aeiaiith coneeue uiaei aeoiaaiiy o/i?a o aeon?
iaoe?iiaeueii-na?aeiieo a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie

O oiae? oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo ie ae??ooaaee caaaeaiiy oaeineiiaeaiiy
i?aeaioiaee iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey aei i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? oeiey??a oeyoii aeiiiaiaiiy ci?noo
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo aeenoeeie?i eoeueoo?ieia?/iei eiiiiiaioii, yeee
?aae?ciaoaaee a i?ioean?: 1) aea/aiiy aeio?enoeyinueei? neia’yinueei?
i?oieia?? oa o?aaeeoe?e oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa aeey
aeyaeaiiy ?o aeoiaiiai cia/aiiy o eo?n? “?noi??? na?oiai? oa a?o/eciyii?
eoeueoo?e”, “Ia?iaeiciaanoaa”; 2) iciaeiieaiiy c aeeooyi ? oai?/ith
ae?yeuei?noth ca?oa?aeieo ? a?o/eciyieo ae?y/?a iaoee ? eoeueoo?e, a
inia? yeeo aoa aena?oeaiee ?aeaae iniaenoino?-a?iiaaeyieia o eo?n?
“?noi??? iaaeaaia?ee”; 3) aeeth/aiiy a eo?n “Oai??y iaa/aiiy ?
aeoiaaiiy” niaoe?aeueiiai ?icae?eo “Oeyoe ? iaoiaee a?iiaaeyinueeiai
aeoiaaiiy noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie oe?a?inueei? ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e”;
4) oi?ioaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueeiai na?oiaeyaeo oa eoeueoo?e a?iiaaenueei?
iiaaae?iee a/eoaey a i?ioean? aea/aiiy oeeeeo ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo
aeenoeeie?i; 5) aeeeaaeaiiy ca aeai?ii oaeoeueoaoo eo?no
“Aeaei?aoeaii-oaeeoeiaa ienoaoeoai oa ia?iaei? i?iienee Oe?a?ie”; 6)
oi?ioaaiiy iaae/ie a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy oeiey??a i?ae /an
i?ioiaeaeaiiy iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? oa ae?iaie/i? i?aeoeee ia /aoaa?oiio
oa i’yoiio eo?nao.

Oai?aoe/ia ia??oiooaaiiy iiaeae? a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy
noa?oieeaniee?a, ?? aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueia ai?iaaoe?y aeicaieeee
i?iaiae?coaaoe ?acoeueoaoe iaaeaaia?/iiai aenia?eiaioo. Eiio?ieuei?
c??ce i?iaiaeeeeny ia aac? aeua cacia/aieo eean?a oe?e oa a?iiac?e
iai?ee?ioe? 1996-1997 i.?.

Uia i?inoaaeeoe aeeiai?eo oi?ioaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
noa?oieeaniee?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa eiio?ieueieo eean?a ie ii??aiyee
iieacieee i?iaaaeaieo c??c?a ia o?ueio aoaiao aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe:
eiinoaooth/iio, a na?aaeei? oa iai?ee?ioe? oi?ioth/iai. Ia iniia?
aiae?co aeaieo, ie i?eeoee aei aeniiaeo, ui ia ii/aoeo aenia?eiaioo
??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? o noa?oieeaniee?a
ye a eiio?ieueieo, oae ? a aenia?eiaioaeueieo eeanao o a?eueoino?
aeiaaee?a aoa iecueeee (a?aeiia?aeii – 58,1%, 47,9% o/i?a) ? na?aaei?e
(a?aeiia?aeii – 32,4%, 39,5%). A na?aaeei? oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo ie
i?iaaee ae?oaee c??c. Aiae?c io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeicaieea iai
c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui aaaeaieo ye?nieo ci?i ua ia aeinyaiooi. I???ioiaia
ioe?iea ?acoeueoao?a ae?oaiai c??co i?eaaea aei iaiao?aeiino? ei?aeoe??
iaoiaeeee oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo.

A e?ioe? aenia?eiaioo i?iaiaeeany o?ao?e c??c ?c a?aooaaiiyi aeaieo,
io?eiaieo a ?acoeueoao? aeyaeaiiy ??ai?a i?ciaaaeueii? aeoeaiino?
noa?oieeaniee?a, ?o aiioe?eii-ii/ooo?ai? aeoiaaiino? oa
noni?eueii-oai?/i? aeoeaiino?. Aenia?oia ioe?iea ??aiy ?icaeoeo
eiiiiiaio?a a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? c?inea. Aeinoaoi?e ??aaiue
noaiiaea – 45,9% o/i?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa 13% o/i?a eiio?ieueieo
eean?a. Ia iecueeiio ??ai? caeeoeeinue – 13,7% o/i?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo
oa 52,1% o/i?a eiio?ieueieo eean?a.

Ia iniia? i?eaaaeaieo aeaieo iiaeia aaaaeaoe, ui aoaeoeai?noue aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caaacia/o?oueny i?e
oiia? oe?eani?yiiaaiiai aeei?enoaiiy o iaa/aeueii-aeoiai?e ae?yeueiino?
cania?a neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa – i?aai?/ii? neeaaeiai?
oe?e?nii? nenoaie oe?a?inueei? aoiiiaaeaaia?ee, ye? /a?ac aiioe?eia
anoaoe/ia ia?aaeeaaiiy caaacia/othoue iaieiae?iiy noa?oieeanieeaie
a?iiaaeyinueeeie ciaiiyie ? ae?iaeaiiy iaae/ie a?iiaaenueei?
ae?yeueiino? ia iniia? canai?ieo oe?iiinoae.

O aeniiaeao i?aeaaaeaii i?aenoiee i?iaaaeaii? ?iaioe:

1. Noaiiaeaiiy oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino? o an?o ?? aniaeoao
(nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiio, iie?oe/iiio oa eoeueoo?ii-anoaoe/iiio)
aeiaaa? ye?nii iiaiai i?aeoiaeo aei ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? iieiae?, yeee aeiaaa? iaaeaiiy
i??i?eoaoiino? oa ia’?aeiaiiy coneeue aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a, a?iiaaenueeeo
i?aai?caoe?e, iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoee o aecia/aii? ci?noo oa iniiaieo
iai?yie?a cae?eniaiiy aea?aeaaii? i?ia?aie a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy.

2. Iniiaieie eiiiiiaioaie a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? a iaoiio
aeine?aeaeaii? aenooieee: i?ciaaaeueiee – iayai?noue na?oiaeyaeo
a?iiaaeyieia Oe?a?ie, ui aeeth/a? nenoaio ciaiue oa ii?i ? i?aaee
iiaaae?iee o noni?euenoa?; ?icoi?iiy naiai aaiaceno,
aea?aeaaii-iao??ioe/iee ??aaiue iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino?;
aiioe?eii-oe?ii?niee – noi?iiaai?noue iaoe?iiaeueieo oa iao??ioe/ieo
ii/ooo?a, caeaoi?noue a?aeaoeoaaoenue ia i?iyae i?ae?aniiai a aeeoo?;
caiaiiei?iiy i?iaeaiaie iaoe?iiaeueiiai aea?aeaaioai?aiiy;
noi?iiaai?noue nenoaie oe?iiinoae, ui aeyaeythoueny a noaaeaii?
iniaenoino? aei yaeu iaoa??aeueii? ? aeooiaii? eoeueoo?e; caeaoi?noue
ioe?ithaaoe i?iyae no/aniiai noni?eueiiai aeeooy, naith oa /oaeo
iiaaae?ieo; i?aenaieia?/iee – caeaoi?noue canoiniaoaaoe ciaiiy oa ai?iiy
a ??cieo aeaeao ae?yeueiino?, aeio?eiaiiy ii?i ? i?aaee iiaaae?iee a
?iaeei? oa noni?euenoa?; aca?ii?icoi?iiy, aca?iiiiaaaa aei ?ioeo iaoe?e,
i?aaiaiiy aei nioe?aeueii? oai?/ino?.

3. sse cana?ae/othoue ?acoeueoaoe eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo,
i?e/eiith iaaeinoaoiuei? noi?iiaaiino? a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
noa?oieeaniee?a ?: ia ?ic?iaeaia nenoaia a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy
iieiae? o no/anieo oiiaao, iaaoaeoeaia aeei?enoaiiy cania?a
iaoe?iiaeueiiai ienoaoeoaa o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio i?ioean? oeiee ?
iaaeinoaoi?e oai?aoe/iee oa i?aeoe/iee ??aaiue i?aeaioiaeaiino?
iaeaooi?o a/eoae?a aei ae??oaiiy oe??? i?iaeaie. Aecia/aiiy noaio
noi?iiaaiino? a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? ia aoai? eiinoaooth/iai
aenia?eiaioo iieacaei, ui a?eueo?noue noa?oieeaniee?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo
oa eiio?ieueieo eean?a ciaoiaeeeeny ia iecueeiio (a?aeiia?aeii – 47,9%
oa 58,1%) oa na?aaeiueiio (a?aeiia?aeii – 39,5% oa 32,4%) ??aiyo ? eeoa
12,6% o/i?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa 9,5% – eiio?ieueieo eean?a iaee
aeinoaoi?e ??aaiue noi?iiaaiino? a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?.

4. Aaaaea?ii, ui a?iiaaeyinueea naiina?aeii?noue noa?oieeanieea oni?oii
oi?io?oueny caniaaie neiaie?ee oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa, a
ye?e ao?eaii iaoe?iiaeuei? oa caaaeueiiethaenuee? oe?iiino? oa ?aeaaee.

5. No?eaeiai nenoaie aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie
aenooieee: aenia?eiaioaeueia i?ia?aia oaeoeueoaoeao “Oe?a?inueea
ooaeiaeiy eoeueoo?a”, i???ioiaiee oaiaoe/iee ieai oa eiiieaenia nenoaia
aecia/aieo cania?a (ci?no, oi?ie, iaoiaee); i???ioaoe?y ia
caaaeueiiethaenuee? oa iaoe?iiaeuei? oe?iiino?, ao?eai? a oe?a?inuee?e
ooaeiaei?e eoeueoo?? a iicao?i/i?e aeoiai?e ?iaio? c? noa?oieeanieeaie;
oaeineiiaeaiiy i?aeaioiaee iaeaooiueiai a/eoaey aei i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? oeiey??a, oeyoii aeiiiaiaiiy
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo aeenoeeie?i eoeueoi?ieia?/iei ci?noii.

6. ?acoeueoaoe aiae?co aeaieo, io?eiaieo iai?ee?ioe? oi?ioth/iai
aenia?eiaioo cana?ae/eee i?i iiceoeai? ci?ie o aeoiaaii? a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a. Aeinoaoi?e
??aaiue noaiiaea – 45,9% o/i?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa 13% o/i?a
eiio?ieueieo eean?a. Ia iecueeiio ??ai? caeeoeeinue – 13,7% o/i?a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa 52,1% o/i?a eiio?ieueieo eean?a.

7. Aeine?aeaeaiiy cana?ae/eei, ui aoaeoeai?noue aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a iaoiiaeth?oueny:
aeoeaiei aeeth/aiiyi o/i?a noa?oeo eean?a o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaio
ae?yeuei?noue, yea nie?aoeiaoueny ia noeoii?noue ianoaiia,
iaoe?iiaeueieo oa caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oe?iiinoae, a?aeia?aaeaieo o
neiaie?oe? oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa, ui aeicaiey? ?ice?eaaoe
ci?no a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy ia iniia? eiie?aoieo oyaeaiue i?i
?icaeoie Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae oa oai?/a oi?ioaaiiy o/iy; oi?ioaaiiyi
i?ciaaaeueiiai, aiioe?eii-oe?ii?niiai, i?aenaieia?/iiai eiiiiiaio?a
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a o oaeeo
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo oiiaao: IIAeEA – I?CIAIIss –
AIIOe?EII-IOe?ITHTH*EE A?AeAOE – OAI?*?NOUe; oe?ieith a?oaeeoe??th
a/eoaey a ieoaiiyo ienoaoeoaa oa caeaoi?noth ?aae?ciaoaaoe eiai
nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? ooieoe?? o iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiio i?ioean?.

Aeeeaaeai? aeua aeniiaee oa i?iiiceoe?? ia i?aoaiaeothoue ia ae/a?iia
ae??oaiiy aaaaoia?aiii? i?iaeaie aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? i?ae?inoath/iai iieie?iiy. Aaaaea?ii iaiao?aeiei
noai?aiiy oe?e?nii? nenoaie a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy oeiey??a, yea a
caaacia/eea aacia?a?ai?noue ? niaaeei?ii?noue aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? o/i?a ia an?o aoaiao iaa/aiiy a caaaeueiiina?oi?o
o/aiaeo caeeaaeao, ioiieea an? oeeeee iaa/aeueieo i?aaeiao?a, iicao?i/io
aeoiaio ?iaioo. Iiaeaeueoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iio?aao? iiaeeaeaia ?ic?iaea
iieaciee?a, e?eoa???a ? yeinoae noi?iiaaiino? a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? o/i?a ??cieo a?eiaeo a?oi, i?iaeaia aaeineiiaeaiiy
ci?noo ? iaoiaeeee iaaeaiiy eaae?o?eiaaii? aeiiiiiae iaaeaaiaai o
ae??oaii? caaaeaiue a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy.

Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?? a?aeia?aaeaii o ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. E?anianueea I.I. A?iiaaeyinueea naiina?aeii?noue noa?oieeaniee?a.
Iaaeaaia?/iee aieea oe?a?inueei? iaoe?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e oa ienoaoeoaa
ia ?? aeoiaaiiy. //Iiaa iaaeaaia?/ia aeoiea. -??aia: ??IEIE, 1998. -?3.
-N.30-35.

2. E?anianueea I.I. Neiaie?ea ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie a nenoai?
aoiiiaaeaaia?/ieo cania?a oi?ioaaiiy oe?ii?nieo i???ioaoe?e no/anii?
iieiae? //Iaoa oeiea. -Iaeana: Aeaeaaieoeoai iaeaniiai a?aeae?eo ina?oe,
1999. -?1 , -N.14-17.

3. E?anianueea I.I. Eoeueoo?ieia?/iee i?aeo?ae aei i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a //Iaoa oeiea. -Iaeana:
Aeaeaaieoeoai iaeaniiai a?aeae?eo ina?oe, 1999. -?2 – 3, -N. 12-16.

4. E?anianueea I.I. Nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/iee aieea oe?a?inueei?
ooaeiaeiuei? eoeueoo?e ia oi?ioaaiiy iniaenoino? noa?oieeanieea
//Iaaeaaia?/iee iiooe. -Eooeuee: AI?IIIE, 1998. -?4 (20). -N.69-72.

5. E?anianueea I.I. Aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
noa?oieeaniee?a o no/anieo oiiaao //Aa??ea.-??aia:Oao?n,
1998.-?1.-N.26-28.

6. E?anianueea I.I. Neiaie?ea a aeaei?aoeaiiio ienoaoeoa? //Iiiaeaiiy
ci?noo, iaoiae?a oa i?aai?caoe?eieo oi?i ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/iiai
aeoiaaiiy o/i?anueei? oa nooaeaionueei? iieiae?. Iaoeia? caienee
??aiainueeiai iaae?inoeoooo: Ca. iaoe. i?. -??aia: Aeaeaaieoeoai ?AeI?,
1998. -Aeione 3. -N.38-49.

7. E?anianueea I.I. Aeei?enoaiiy neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa ia
o?ieao ia?acioai?/iai ienoaoeoaa o oeie? //Iiiaeaiiy ci?noo, iaoiae?a oa
i?aai?caoe?eieo oi?i ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/iiai aeoiaaiiy o/i?anueei? oa
nooaeaionueei? iieiae?. Iaoeia? caienee ??aiainueeiai iaae?inoeoooo: Ca.
iaoe. i?. -??aia: Aeaeaaieoeoai ?AeI?, 1998. -Aeione 3. -N.108-112.

8. E?anianueea I.I. Cia/aiiy ia?iaeii? neiaie?ee a ii?aeueiiio
aeoiaaii? oeiey??a //Oace I?aei. iaoe.-i?aeo. eiio. “Iaaeaaia?ea
?aeeiiai ? oe?e?niiai ie?o. Nooi?noue, caaaeaiiy ? iniiai? iai?yiee
iaoeiai? ?iaioe oe?e ? aoc?a”. -??aia: Oao?n, 1995. -N.50-52.

9. E?anianueea I.I. I?iaeaie aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
oeiey??a caniaaie iaoe?iiaeueii? neiaie?ee Oe?a?ie //Oace I?aeia?.
iaoe.-i?aeo. eiio. “Ie?ioai?/a ae?yeuei?noue oeiee ? aoco”. -??aia:
Oao?n, 1997. -N.64-65.

10. E?anianueea I.I. E.Ae.Ooeinueeee i?i iaoe?iiaeueiee oa?aeoa?
a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy //Oace Anaoe?. iaoe.-i?aeo eiio.
“E.Ae.Ooeinueeee – aaeeeee oe?a?inueeee iaaeaaia”. -??aia: Oao?n, 1998.
-N.64-67.

11. E?anianueea I.I. Oeyoe oa oiiae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiai? oaoiieia??
aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie
neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie //Oace I?aeia?. iaoe.-i?aeo.
eiio. “Iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiee i?ioean o aoc? ? oeie? oa oeyoe eiai ?icaeoeo
? oaeineiiaeaiiy”. –??aia: Oao?n, 1999. –N.243-248.

12. E?anianueea I.I. Aoi?/i?, iaoe?iiaeuei? oa caaaeueiiethaenuee?
/eiieee ? nioe?aeueii-iaaeaaia?/i? ooieoe?? oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai
ienoaoeoaa o aeoiaaii? a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a
//Oace Anaoe?. iaoe.-i?aeo. eiio. ”Oe?a?inueea aea?aeaai?noue:
?ao?iniaeoeaa ? ia?niaeoeaa”. –??aia: ??IEIE, 1999. –N. 115-119.

E?anianueea I.I. Aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino?
noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie.
–?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai caaiiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee.
Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? I.I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa. -Ee?a,
1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?aaenoaaey? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie aeoiaaiiy
a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee
ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa Oe?a?ie. Aeooaeuei?noue ?? aeine?aeaeaiiy
coiiaeaia iaiao?aei?noth noai?aiiy iiai? nenoaie a?iiaaeyinueeiai
aeoiaaiiy o/iianueei? iieiaei, caniiaaii? ia ?aea? ?icaeoeo
naiina?aeiiino? iniaenoino? o iacaeaaei?e aea?aeaa?. A ?iaio? aecia/ai?
iniiai? aoaie ?icaeoeo ?aea? a?iiaaeyinueeiai aeoiaaiiy a Oe?a?i?;
ia??oioiaaia no?oeoo?a a?iiaaeyinueei? naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a
oa iniaeeaino? iaaeaaia?/iiai aieeao iaoe?iiaeueieo oa
caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oe?iiinoae, a?aeia?aaeaieo a neiaie?oe?
oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa ia ?? noaiiaeaiiy.

A aeine?aeaeaii? cai?iiiiiaaii iaoeiai ia??oioiaai? oa aenia?eiaioaeueii
ia?aa??ai? iniiai? eaiee iiai? oaoiieia?? aeoiaaiiy a?iiaaeyinueei?
naiina?aeiiino? noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie neiaie?ee ia?iaeiiai ienoaoeoaa
Oe?a?ie.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: a?iiaaeyinueea naiina?aeii?noue, a?iiaaeyinueea
aeoiaaiiy, iaoe?iiaeuei? oa caaaeueiiethaenuee? oe?iiino?, neiaie?ea,
ia?iaeia ienoaoeoai.

E?anianeay I.A. Ainieoaiea a?aaeaeaineiai naiiniciaiey noa?oaeeannieeia
n?aaenoaaie neiaieeee ia?iaeiiai eneonnoaa Oe?aeiu. –?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.01 – oai?ey e enoi?ey iaaeaaiaeee.
Iaoeeiiaeueiue iaaeaaiae/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie I.I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa.
-Eeaa, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey i?aaenoaaeyao enneaaeiaaiea i?iaeaiu ainieoaiey
a?aaeaeaineiai naiiniciaiey noa?oaeeannieeia n?aaenoaaie neiaieeee
ia?iaeiiai eneonnoaa Oe?aeiu. Aeooaeueiinoue aa enneaaeiaaiey
iaoneiaeaia iino?iaieai aeaiie?aoe/aneiai ainoaea?noaa e
iaiaoiaeeiinoueth nicaeaiey iiaie nenoaiu a?aaeaeaineiai ainieoaiey
o/auaeny iieiaeaaee, iniiaaiiie ia eaeaa ?acaeoey naiiniciaiey ee/iinoe
a iacaaeneiii ainoaea?noaa.

A ia?aii ?acaeaea “Oai?aoe/aneea iniiau ainieoaiey a?aaeaeaineiai
naiiniciaiey noa?oaeeannieeia n?aaenoaaie neiaieeee ia?iaeiiai eneonnoaa
Oe?aeiu” ii?aaeaeaiu iniiaiua yoaiu ?acaeoey eaeae a?aaeaeaineiai
ainieoaiey ia iooe noaiiaeaiey iaoeeiiaeueiie nenoaiu ia?aciaaiey e
ainieoaiey Oe?aeiu; iainiiaaia eiiiiiaioiay no?oeoo?a a?aaeaeaineiai
naiiniciaiey noa?oaeeannieeia, aa e?eoa?ee e iniaaiiinoe oi?ie?iaaiey a
nia?aiaiiuo iauanoaaiiuo oneiaeyo; iieacaiu iniaaiiinoe iaaeaaiae/aneiai
aeeyiey iaoeeiiaeueiuo, iaua/aeiaa/aneeo oeaiiinoae, io?aaeaiiuo a
neiaieeea oe?aeineiai ia?iaeiiai eneonnoaa ia noaiiaeaiea
a?aaeaeainoaaiiinoe iiae?anoathuaai iieieaiey; aiaeece?oaony ninoiyiea
a?aaeaeaineiai ainieoaiey noa?oaeeannieeia a nia?aiaiiie oeiea,
ii?aaeaeaiu o?iaie oi?ie?iaaiey a?aaeaeaineiai naiiniciaiey
noa?oaeeannieeia ia yoaia eiinoaoe?othuaai yenia?eiaioa.

Iniiaiuie eiiiiiaioaie a?aaeaeaineiai naiiniciaiey a iaoai enneaaeiaaiee
aunooieee: iiciaaaoaeueiue – iaee/ea ie?iaicc?aiey a?aaeaeaieia Oe?aeiu,
/oi aeeth/aao nenoaio ciaiee, ii?i e i?aaee iiaaaeaiey a iauanoaa;
iiieiaiea naiaai aaiacena, ainoaea?noaaiii-iao?eioe/aneee o?iaaiue
iaoeeiiaeueiiai naiiniciaiey; yiioeeiiaeueii-oeaiiinoiue – iaee/ea
iaoeeiiaeueiuo e iao?eioe/aneeo /oanoa, niiniaiinoue iocuaaoueny ia
i?iyaeaiey i?ae?aniiai a aeecie; ee/iay iaaniieiaiiinoue i?iaeaiaie
iino?iaiey ainoaea?noaa; noi?ie?iaaiiinoue nenoaiu oeaiiinoiuo
i?eaioaoeee, /oi i?iyaeythony a ioiioaiee ee/iinoe e yaeaieyi
iaoa?eaeueiie e aeooiaiie eoeueoo?u; niiniaiinoue ioeaieaaoue yaeaiey
nia?aiaiiie iauanoaaiiie aeecie a Oe?aeia, naia e /oaeia iiaaaeaiea;
i?aenaieiae/aneee – niiniaiinoue eniieueciaaoue ciaiey e oiaiey a
?acee/iuo aeaeao aeayoaeueiinoe, niaethaeaiea ii?i e i?aaee iiaaaeaiey a
naiuea e iauanoaa; acaeiiiiieiaiea, acaeiioaaaeaiea e i?aaenoaaeoaeyi
ae?oaeo iaoeee, no?aieaiea e nioeeaeueiiio oai?/anoao.

N/eoaai, /oi a?aaeaeaineia naiiniciaiea noa?oaeeannieea oniaoii
oi?ie?oaony n?aaenoaaie ia?yaeiai-?aeeaeiciie, o?enoeyineie,
ainoaea?noaaiiie, ?aaeiiaeueiie neiaieeee, ioia?aaeaiiie a
i?iecaaaeaieyo oe?aeineiai ia?iaeiiai eneonnoaa. A iae aiieiuaiu
oeaiiinoe oaeeo o?iaiae: aa/iua (eaeaaeu aeia?a, ethaiaue, i?aaaea,
aa?a, iaaeaaeaea, e?anioa); iaoeeiiaeueiua (eaeay naiinoiyoaeueiinoe e
ainoaea?noaaiiinoe Oe?aeiu, aic?iaeaeaiey iaoeeiiaeueiiai naiiniciaiey e
aeinoieinoaa, oaaaeaiea e oe?aeineie eoeueoo?a e ycueo);
aeaiie?aoe/aneea (nioeeaeueiay aa?iiiey, oaaaeaiea e i?aaai ia?iaeia e
/aeiaaea, aunieia i?aaiaia niciaiea, ?aaainoai); naiaeiua (aa?iinoue e
ethaiaue, oeaeinoiinoue naiuee, iiaea aeaoae e noa?oeo, eoeueo
i?aaeeia); oeaiiinoe ee/iie aeecie (ioaeanoai, iioeieci, oaa?aeinoue
neiaa, oai?/aneee iioaioeeae, oa?iaeeainoue, caei?iaue niinia aeecie,
niiniaiinoue e naii?aaeecaoeee). Onaaeaay niaea?aeaiea neiaieeee
ia?iaeiiai eneonnoaa oe?aeineay iieiaeaaeue aeieaeia iaiaaoeoueny
ciaieyie, eaeayie, oeaiiinoyie iaoeeiiaeueiiai e iaua/aeiaa/aneiai
o?iaiy. Iniuneaiiua oaeei iooai oeaiiinoe o?ainoi?ie?othony a ii?aeueiua
i?eaioe?u ee/iinoe a?aaeaeaieia. Yoio eiiiiiaio no?oeoo?u ee/iinoe
yaeyaony noa?aeiai naiiniciaiey, aie?oa eioi?iai a?auathony iiiuneu,
/oanoaa /aeiaaea. A yoii ninoieo niaoeeoeea oeaiiinoiiai iiaeoiaea e
?aoaieth i?iaeaiu ainieoaiey a?aaeaeaineiai naiiniciaiey ee/iinoe
n?aaenoaaie neiaieeee ia?iaeiiai eneonnoaa Oe?aeiu.

Ai aoi?ii ?acaeaea “Iiuoii-yenia?eiaioaeueiay ?aaioa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
eieeaeoeaia oeie ii ?aaeecaoeee oaoiieiaee ainieoaiey a?aaeaeaineiai
naiiniciaiey o/aieeia noa?oeo eeannia n?aaenoaaie neiaieeee oe?aeineiai
ia?iaeiiai eneonnoaa” i?aaenoaaeaia ?ac?aaioaiiay oai?aoe/aneay iiaeaeue
oaoiieiaee ainieoaiey a?aaeaeaineiai naiiniciaiey noa?oaeeannieeia
n?aaenoaaie neiaieeee ia?iaeiiai eneonnoaa Oe?aeiu; iienaia ai?iaaoeey
aeaiiie oaoiieiaee a ineoieiai-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oneiaeyo: OAeEAEAIEA –
IICIAIEA – YIIOeEIIAEUeII-OeAIIINIIA IOIIOAIEA – OAI?*ANOAI; ii?aaeaeaiu
o?iaie oi?ie?iaaiey a?aaeaeaineiai naiiniciaiey noa?oaeeannieeia ia
yoaiao oi?ie?othuaai e eiio?ieueiiai yenia?eiaioia; i?eaaaeaiu
?acoeueoaou aiaae?aiey oi?i e iaoiaeia ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaiou a oneiaeyo
aiaae?aiey iiaie oaoiieiaee.

Iniiaie yenia?eiaioaeueiie iaaeaaiae/aneie oaoiieiaee ainieoaiey
a?aaeaeaineiai naiiniciaiey noa?oaeeannieeia n?aaenoaaie neiaieeee
ia?iaeiiai eneonnoaa Oe?aeiu aunooieee: i?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaa
“Oe?aeineay ooaeiaeanoaaiiay eoeueoo?a”, i?eaioe?iai/iue oaiaoe/aneee
ieai e eiiieaeniay nenoaia ii?aaeaeaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee (niaea?aeaiea,
oi?iu, iaoiaeu); i?eaioaoeey ia iaua/aeiaa/aneea e iaoeeiiaeueiua
oeaiiinoe oe?aeineie ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u ai aiao?i/iie
ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaioa ni noa?oaeeannieeaie; oniaa?oainoaiaaiea
i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaee aoaeouaai o/eoaey e i?ioeanno ainieoaiey
a?aaeaeaineiai naiiniciaiey oeieueieea n?aaenoaaie oe?aeineie
ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u, iin?aaenoaii aeiiieiaiey niaea?aeaiey
ineoieiai-iaaeaaiae/aneeo aeenoeeieei eoeueoi?ieiae/aneei niaea?aeaieai.
A enneaaeiaaiee aeaiu iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee o/eoaeyi, eo?aoi?ai
ii aiaae?aieth iiauo oi?i ?aaiou a o/aaii-ainieoaoaeueiue i?ioeann oeieu
e aeiiacee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: a?aaeaeaineia naiiniciaiea, a?aaeaeaineia ainieoaiea,
iaoeeiiaeueiua e iaua/aeiaa/aneea oeaiiinoe, neiaieeea, ia?iaeiia
eneonnoai.

Krasovska O.O. Upbringing of senior pupils’ public selfconsiousness by
means of the folk art symbols of Ukraine. –Manuscript.

The Degree of Candidate of Pedagogical Science on the speciality
13.00.01 – Theory and History of Pedagogy – The Ukrainian State
Pedagogical University named affer M.?.Drahomanov. – Kyiv, 1999.

The dissertation presents the investigation af the problem of senior
pupils’ public selfconsiousness upbringing by means of the folk art
symbols of Ukraine. In the work the main periods of the public education
idea development are definited; the structure of public selfconsiousness
of senior pupils and pedagogical influence peculiarities of national and
the whole mankind values being reflected in Ukrainian folk art symbols
on its formation are substantiated.

In the investigation there has been proposed the scientifically grounded
and experementally examinated main links of the new technology of senior
pupils’ public selfconsiousness upbringing by means of the folk art
symbols of Ukraine.

Key words: public selfconsiousness, public education, national and the
whole mankind values, symbols, folk art.

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