OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO
E?n?eue Ieaia Iao??aia
OAeE 543.253:535.371
AIEUeOAIIA?IIAO?E*IEE AIAE?C IAI?AAI?*IEO
NOeEIOEEssOe?EIEO IAOA??AE?A
Niaoe?aeuei?noue 02.00.02 – aiae?oe/ia o?i?y
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa o?i?/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia o a?aeae?e? aiae?oe/ii? o?i?? ooieoe?iiaeueieo
iaoa??ae?a oa ia’?eo?a iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua ?inoeoooo
iiiie?enoae?a IAI Oe?a?ie (i. Oa?e?a).
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:
aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Nae?oaeaeaiiaa ?ao?aea Iooaiao-Oaoeo?aia,
Iineianueeee aea?aeaaiee ?inoeooo ?aae?ioaoi?ee, aeaeo?ii?ee ?
aaoiiaoeee,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e eiino?othaaiiy ? ae?iaieoeoaa ?aae?iaeaeo?iiieo
cania?a
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Ooethia Oaae?? Ieoaeeiae/,
Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee o?i?ei-oaoiieia?/iee oi?aa?neoao
(i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee),
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e aiae?oe/ii? o?i??
eaiaeeaeao o?i?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee,
Aantheia Ieaenaiae? ?aaaiiae/,
Oe?a?inueeee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo aeieia?/ieo i?iaeai (i.
Oa?e?a),
caa?aeoaa/ eaai?aoi??? aeieiai-aiae?oe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:
O?ceei-o?i?/iee ?inoeooo ?i. I.A.Aiaaonueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie, a?aeae?e
aiae?oe/ii? o?i?? ? o?ceei-o?i?? eii?aeeiaoe?eieo niieoe (i. Iaeana)
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 15 ” aeiaoiy 1999 ?. i 14 aiaeei? a
aoae. 7-80
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.051.14 a
Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 310077, i. Oa?e?a,
ie. Naiaiaee, 4.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o Oeaio?aeuei?e iaoeia?e
a?ae?ioaoe?
Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ” 13 ” aa?aniy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
E.I.Eia?iiaa CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe. Noeeioeeyoe?ei? aeaoaeoi?e, ui
aeei?enoiaothoueny aeey ?a?no?aoe?? ? niaeo?iiao??? ?ii?coth/eo
aei?ii?ithaaiue, iathoue oe?iea eiei oaoi?/ieo canoinoaaiue
(?aae?aoe?eiee iii?oi?eia, aoiiia aia?aaoeea, iaaeeoeeia, o?ceea aenieeo
aia?a?e, aaieia?y ? aaio?ceea, aeaoaeoineii?y aoce?a ? aeaoaeae,
?io?ineii?y aaaaaeo oa aaioaaeo ? o.ae.). Iniiaith oeeo aeaoaeoi??a ?
noeeioeeyoi?e ??ciiai neeaaeo, na?aae yeeo aaaeeeaa i?noea iin?aeathoue
iiiie?enoaee aaeiaai?ae?a eoaeieo iaoae?a, aeoeaiaai? ??cieie
aeaiaioaie (NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl), CsI(Na), LiI(Eu) ? ?i.), a oaeiae
ieneaei? iiiie?enoaee (CdWO4 oa ?i.). Noeeioeeyoe?ei? ia?aiao?e
cacia/aieo iaoa??ae?a nooo?ai caeaaeaoue a?ae eiioeaio?aoe?? oa
?iciiae?eaiiy aeoeaoth/eo aeiaaaie, noao?iiao?e/iiai ? aeii?oeiaiai
neeaaeo, aeeth/ath/e noi?iii? oace, ui ooai?ththoueny i?e neioac?
ne?iaeie ? ae?iuoaaii? iiiie?enoae?a. I?enooi?noue noi?iii?o aeii?oie
ni?ey? iiya? ??cieo iae?i- ? i?e?ineii?/ieo aeaoaeo?a, ui ci?iththoue
noeeioeeyoe?ei? oa iioe/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee.
Noeeioeeyoe?ei? iaoa??aee, ui ?icaeyaeathoueny, a oaeiae aeaiaioe, ui
aoiaeyoue aei ?o neeaaeo, i?ae /an oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a iiaeooue
iio?aieyoe o iaaeieeoi? na?aaeiaeua (iia?o?y ?iai/i? ciie ? ianaeaieo
i?noeue, no?/i? ? i?e?iaei? aiaee ? o.ae.). A?eueo?noue oeeo eiiiiiaio?a
iaeaaeeoue aei oiene/ieo, ? aeey ieo anoaiiaeai? aaeueie iecuee? AIE.
Na?aae iaoiae?a, ui canoiniaothoueny aeey aiae?oe/iiai eiio?ieth
cacia/aieo ia’?eo?a, iaai? ia?aaaae ia? aieueoaiia?iiao??y (AA), ??ci?
aa??aioe yei? aeicaieythoue eiio?iethaaoe ai?no ?yaeo aeaiaio?a o ??cieo
eiioeaio?aoe?eieo ae?aiaciiao ? ?aae?cothoueny ca aeiiiiiaith ii??aiyii
iaaei?iai? ? aeinooiii? aia?aoo?e.
Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui aei aeeiiaiiy oe??? ?iaioe aieueoaiia?iiao?e/i?
iaoiaee ??aeei aeei?enoiaoaaeeny aeey aiae?co noeeioeeyoe?eieo
iaoa??ae?a. Ia aoee ae??oai? iaoiaee/i? ieoaiiy, iia’ycai? c
i?iaii?aeaioiaeith ?a/iaei, ui aeine?aeaeothoueny, aeai?ii iioeiaeueiiai
aa??aioo AA i?e ae??oaii? o??? /e ?ioi? eiie?aoii? caaea/?, a oaeiae
oiiiaeo aeaeo?ie?o?a ? ?aaeei?a iiey?ia?aooaaiiy, ye? caaacia/othoue
aenieo naeaeoeai?noue aiae?co, iecuee? iaae? aecia/aiiy, i?aaeeuei?noue
? oi?ioo a?aeoai?thaai?noue ?acoeueoao?a. I?aeoe/ii ia aeei?enoiaoaaany
aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iee aiae?c ?ic/ei?a aeey aecia/aiiy aaeaioiiai
noaio aeaiaio?a ci?iii? aaeaioiino?. A?aeii? aaaaoiaeaiaioi?
aieueoaiia?iiao?e/i? iaoiaeeee aiae?co, cacae/ae, aeicaieythoue
aecia/aoe iaeii?aciai ia a?eueo o?ueio – /ioe?ueio aeaiaio?a, i?e oiio
o noi??ieo eiioeaio?aoe?yo, oiae? ye o ?aaeueieo nenoaiao aeieea?
iaiao?aei?noue o aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iiio aecia/aii? a?eueoi? e?eueeino?
aeaiaio?a i?e ??ciiiai?oieo ?o ni?aa?aeiioaiiyo.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
?iaioa aeeiioaaeany ca?aeii oaiaoe/iiai ieaio iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o
?inoeoooo iiiie?enoae?a IAI Oe?a?ie, a naia, ca oaiaie: 428-91
“Aiae?oe/iee eiio?ieue ae?iaieoeoa iiiie?enoae?a, oeooe ? aeo?aeii?
ne?iaeie“; 953-88-91 “?ic?iaea ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aaoiiaoeciaaii?
oaoiieia?? ae?iuoaaiiy noeeioeeyoe?eieo iiiie?enoae?a aaeeeiai
ae?aiao?o aeey iaaee/ieo aaiia-eaia?”; 712-94 (?E 00194V029840) ?
780-95 (?E 0195V022069) “?ic?iaea iaoiae?a aiae?oe/iiai eiio?ieth
ne?iaeie, i?iaeoeoe?? oa ia’?eo?a iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua”; ?E
0196V009869 “?icaeoie ia?niaeoeaieo ?ino?oiaioaeueieo iaoiae?a
aiae?oe/ii? o?i?? ooieoe?iiaeueieo iaoa??ae?a ? ia’?eo?a
iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua”.
Iaoa ? caaea/? ?iaioe. Iaoith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aoei noai?aiiy
eiiieaeno iaoiaeee aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iiai aecia/aiiy ?yaeo iniiaieo
eiiiiiaio?a, eaaoth/eo aeiaaaie ? aeii?oie o noeeioeeyoe?eieo
iaoa??aeao oa ia’?eoao iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua, aeeth/ath/e
aaaaoiaeaiaioi? ?iaa?n?eii-aieueoaiia?iiao?e/i? (?A) iaoiaeeee aiae?co
ne?iaeie, iiiie?enoae?a, no?/ii? aiaee ? iia?o?y.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe a ?iaio? iaiao?aeii aoei ae??oeoe
oae? caaea/?:
– aea?aoe e iioei?coaaoe oiiae i?iaii?aeaioiaee c?ace?a ne?iaeie,
iiiie?enoae?a ? ia’?eo?a iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua c o?aooaaiiyi ?o
o?ce/ieo ? o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae c iaoith iaea?aeaiiy iaiao?aeii? aeey
iiey?ia?aooaaiiy oi?ie aeaiaioa;
– aea?aoe e iioei?coaaoe neeaae ? eiioeaio?aoe?th oiiiaeo aeaeo?ie?o?a
noiniaii eiie?aoii? caaea/?;
– aea/eoe e iioei?coaaoe oiiae aei??thaaiiy ?c canoinoaaiiyi ??cieo
aa??aio?a AA ? ?aaeei?a iiey?ia?aooaaiiy (aeaeo?iae?a);
– ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeee iaeiiaeaiaioiiai aecia/aiiy ?yaeo iniiaieo
eiiiiiaio?a, eaaoth/eo aeiaaaie ? aeii?oie o ne?iaei? ? iiiie?enoaeao ?c
canoinoaaiiyi eeane/iiai (?EA) ? iia?eueiieaiath/iai (IE?A) ?oooieo
aeaeo?iae?a, a oaeiae noaoe?iia?iiai ?oooiiai e?aiaeueiiai aeaeo?iaeo
(N?EA);
– ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeee aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai
?iaa?n?eii-aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iiai aecia/aiiy aeii?oie o ne?iaei?,
iiiie?enoaeao oa ia’?eoao iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua ?c canoinoaaiiyi
noaoe?iia?iiai ?oooiiai aeaeo?iaeo eeaiaiiiai oeio (?AEO);
– aea/eoe iao?ieia?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee ?ic?iaeaieo iaoiaeee.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui a
aeena?oaoe?? aia?oa:
· aeiaaaeaii iiaeeea?noue iaeii/aniiai ?iaa?n?eii-aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iiai
aecia/aiiy Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl, Sb, Bi ? Cu i?e ?o noi?ni?e i?enooiino? o
ni?aa?aeiioaiiyo, ui aeoaea ?ic??ciythoueny;
· c aeei?enoaiiyi iiey?ia?ao?/iiai iaoiaeo aecia/aii aaeaioiee noai
?a?ii?th a iiiie?enoaeao KCl(Eu);
· cai?iiiiiaaii niin?a ioe?iee a?aeoeeaiiy a?ae noao?iiao??? ieneaeo
aieueo?aio(VI) ?c canoinoaaiiyi nenoaie Fe (II) – Fe (III) ?
iiey?ia?ao?/iei aecia/aiiyi Fe(II), ui ooai?th?oueny i?e aca?iiae??
ieneaeo aieueo?aio (VI) c? Fe (III);
· iaa?oioiaaii aeei?enoaiiy iaeiie?aiaeueiiai ?aaeeio – ci?iiino?oiiai?
aieueoaiia?iiao??? c IE?A – aeey nooo?aiai i?aeaeuaiiy iao?ieia?/ieo
oa?aeoa?enoee (/ooeea?noue ? a?aeoai?thaai?noue), caaacia/aiiy
aeni?aniino? aei??thaaiue ? cia/iiai ciaioaiiy aeo?ao ?ooo? a ii??aiyii?
c eeane/iei ?EA;
· ?ic?iaeaii o?noiaaeoeyoue i?ea?iaeueieo iaoiaeee iaeii- ?
aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iiai aiae?co noeeioeeyoe?eieo
iaoa??ae?a ? ia’?eo?a iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua.
I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe iieyaa? a oaeiio:
– ?ic?iaeaiee eiiieaen iaoiaeee aeei?enoaii aeey aecia/aiiy ?yaeo
iniiaieo eiiiiiaio?a, eaaoth/eo aeiaaaie ? aeii?oie o iiiie?enoaeao,
ne?iaei? e ia’?eoao iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua;
– ?acoeueoaoe aiae?co ni?eyee ae??oaiith aeayeeo iaoa??aeiciaa/eo ?
i?e?iaeiioi?iiieo caaea/:
· aea/aii ?iciiae?eaiiy eaaoth/eo aeiaaaie o iiiie?enoaeao CsI(Tl),
LiI(Eu), NaI(Tl) caeaaeii a?ae oiia ?o ae?iuoaaiiy;
· aecia/aii aaeaioiee noai Eu o iiiie?enoaeao KCl(Eu);
· anoaiiaeai? aeiiae aei ??aiy /enoioe ne?iaeie WO3, CsI, NaI, NaOH,
I2, HI, H2O2 ? aeenoeeueiaaii? aiaee, a oaeiae i?eionoei? a?aeoeeaiiy
a?ae noao?iiao??? WO3 aeey aeaioiaeaiiy iiiie?enoae?a NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl),
CdWO4 iaiao?aeii? yeino?;
· caaacia/aii eiio?ieue iaaeoiaeaeaiiy ? ?iciianthaeaeaiiy oaoiiaaiieo
iai?aai?/ieo caa?oaeiaiue i?e ae?iaieoeoa? noeeioeeyoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a.
I?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue ?iaioe i?aeoaa?aeaeaia ai?iaaaeaeaiiyi ?ic?iaeaieo
iaoiaeee o i?aeoeeo ?iaioe IOE “?inoeooo iiiie?enoae?a” IAI Oe?a?ie
? Oa?e?anueeiai caaiaeo o?i?/ieo ?aaeoea?a, a oaeiae ?o aianaiiyi a
aaoiiaoeciaaio aaco aieueoaiia?iiao?e/ieo iaoiaeee, i?aeaioiaeaio
Iineianueeei aea?aeaaiei ?inoeoooii ?aae?ioaoi?ee, aeaeo?ii?ee ?
aaoiiaoeee.
Ioae?eaoe?? oa iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeeeaaeaii a 9-oe noaooyo, iioae?eiaaieo o
iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao, a oaeiae o iaei?e noaoo? – a oaiaoe/iiio ca??ieeo
iaoeiaeo i?aoeue ? o 3-o oacao aeiiia?aeae – a ca??ieeao oac aeiiia?aeae
iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?e. Aaoi?ii iniaenoi aeeiiaii anth aenia?eiaioaeueio
?iaioo (ca aeiyoeii ?aioaaiioaciaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ieneaeo aieueo?aio
(VI), i?iaaaeaieo ni?a?ia?oieeaie ??AA N.I.Ne?ioe?iei oa A.A.?o?iiaei),
a oaeiae i?iaaaeaii ?ic?aooiee aeine?aeaeoaaieo nenoai, ?ic?iaeaii
aeai?eoie iaoiaeee aiae?co ? aeeiiaii iao?ieia?/io ia?iaeo io?eiaieo
aeaieo. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ?ioa?i?aoiaaii caeiaoaa/ai ?acii c
iaoeiaei ea??aieeii i?io. ?.I.-O.Nae?oaeaeaiiaith ? ea??aieeii a?oie
aieueoaiia?iiao?e/ieo iaoiae?a aiae?co ?inoeoooo iiiie?enoae?a IAI
Oe?a?ie A.A.Aaae/. A ?iaio?, ui iioae?eiaaia o ni?aaaoi?noa? c
A.E.Aeiia?aae, A.A.I?ioeaiei, E.A.Oaeiae/aiei, iniaenoei aianeii
caeiaoaa/a ? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaeo?io?i?/ii? iiaaae?iee oae?th ia
noaoe?iia?iiio ?oooiiio aeaeo?iae? eeaiaiiiai oeio oa ?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee
aecia/aiiy oae?th a iiiie?enoaeao NaI, NaI(Tl).
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeeny ?
iaaiai?thaaeeny ia IX ? X Ananithcieo ia?aaeao c iiey?ia?ao??
(Onoue-Eaiaiiai?nuee, aa?anaiue 1987 ?. ? Iineaa, eenoiiaae 1992 ?.); VI
Ananithci?e ia?aae? c aenieioaiia?aoo?ii? o?i?? nee?eao?a ? ieneae?a
(Eai?ia?aae, ea?oaiue 1988 ?.); VI Ananithci?e ia?aae? c o?i?? ?
oaoiieia?? Mo ? W (Iaeue/ee, aa?anaiue 1988 ?.); Ananithci?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Aeaeo?io?i?/i? caniae aiae?co oa ioi?iia iaaeieeoiueiai
na?aaeiaeua” (Oa?oo, /a?aaiue 1989 ?.); III ? IV Ananithcieo
eiioa?aioe?yo c aeaeo?io?i?/ieo iaoiae?a aiae?co (Oiinuee, o?aaaiue 1989
?. ? Iineaa, n?/aiue 1994 ?.); I Aeieia?/iiio neiiic?oi? c aiae?co aiae
(Ai?iiaae, /a?aaiue 1990 ?.); IX ? X eiioa?aioe?yo c o?i?? aeniei/enoeo
?a/iaei (I.-Iiaai?iae, o?aaaiue-/a?aaiue 1992 ?. ? 1995 ?.);
I?aeaea?aeaai?e eiioa?aioe?? “Noeeioeeyoi?e-93” (Oa?e?a, aa?anaiue 1993
?.); International Symposium on Analytical Chemistry (London, August
1995); Anaoe?a?inueeeo eiioa?aioe?yo c aiae?oe/ii? o?i?? (Ee?a, ethoee
1992 ?. ? aa?anaiue 1995 ?.; Oaeai?iae, aa?anaiue 1998 ?.); II
Oe?a?inueeiio aeaeo?io?i?/iiio c’?cae? (Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, o?aaaiue 1999
?.).
No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, oanoe
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae oa aeiaeaoe?a.
Iiaiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? neeaaea? 175 noi??iie, ?c ieo 15 noi??iie
caeiathoue 27 ?enoie?a, 27 noi??iie – 44 oaaeeoe?, 11 noi??iie – nienie
oeeoiaaii? e?oa?aoo?e (159 iaeiaioaaiue) oa 19 noi??iie – 3 aeiaeaoee.
INIIAIEE CI?NO
A anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue oaie, aecia/aii iaoo ?iaioe, ??
iaoeiao iiaecio oa i?aeoe/io oe?ii?noue.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeaii e?oa?aoo?i? aeai? i?i aieea aeii?oeiaiai
neeaaeo ia aeanoeaino? noeeioeeyoe?eieo iiiie?enoae?a, ?icaeyiooi
iiaeeeaino? ??ciiiai?oieo aa??aio?a AA aeey aiae?co iniaeeai /enoeo
?a/iaei ? ia’?eo?a iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua, a oaeiae iieacaii
no/aniee noai aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai ?iaa?n?eii-aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iiai
aiae?co.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? iienaii oaoi?eo aenia?eiaioo, iioeiaeuei? oiiae
aei??thaaiue ?c aeei?enoaiiyi ??cieo oei?a aeaeo?iae?a ? iiey?ia?ao?a,
iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo ?acoeueoao?a aei??thaaiue.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? aeeeaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeei?enoaiiy eeane/iiai ?EA
ye ?ino?oiaioo aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy ieneaeo aieueo?aio (VI) (ne?iaeie
aeey iiiie?enoae?a CdWO4), aaeaioiiai noaio ?a?ii?th a iiiie?enoaeao
KCl(Eu) ? iai?yiiai aecia/aiiy eaaoth/eo aeiaaaie Eu ? Sm o LiI(Eu) ?
NaI(Sm).
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? iieacaii, ui iioei?caoe?y oiia aei??thaaiiy
iaoiaeii ci?iiino?oiiai? AA c IE?A aeicaiey? canoiniaoaaoe eiai ye
iaoiae iai?ai?e?iaiae?co (aecia/aiiy Nd ? Pb o neeaaeieo a?aiaoao); aeey
aecia/aiiy i?e?iaeii?oie (Tl o nieyo oeac?th, W i?e aeine?aeaeaii?
oaciaiai neeaaeo WO3); aeey aeni?aniiai eiio?ieth aaaeeeo iaoae?a o
iia?o?? ?iai/i? ciie.
O i’yoiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyiooi ?acoeueoaoe ?A- aecia/aiiy eaaoth/eo
aeiaaaie (Tl o NaI, NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl)) ? aeii?oie o noeeioeeyoe?eieo
iiiie?enoaeao ? ne?iaei? aeey ieo (Pb ? Cd o NaI(Tl), Pb o WO3) ?c
aeei?enoaiiyi ?AEO ? N?EA.
Oinoee ?icae?e i?noeoue ?acoeueoaoe iaeii/aniiai ?A- aecia/aiiy Zn, Cd,
Pb, Tl, Bi, Sb ? Cu o aeo?aei?e ne?iaei? aeey iiiie?enoae?a NaI(Tl)
(NaOH, NaI, HI, H2O2, I2, aeenoeeueiaaia aiaea) ? ia’?eoao
iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua (aiaea ??ciiai iioiaeaeaiiy, iia?o?y ?iai/i?
ciie ? ianaeaieo i?noeue, aeoyaeee c a?oioo) ?c canoinoaaiiyi ?AEO.
O aeiaeaoeao iaaaaeaii iaoiaeeee aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iiai aecia/aiiy:
noao?iiao?e/iiai ?iaeaeno i?e eeni? a ieneae? aieueo?aio (VI); ianiai?
/anoee oae?th a iiiie?enoaeao NaI, NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl); ianiai? /anoee Zn,
Cd, Pb, Tl, Bi, Sb ? Cu o aeo?aeieo iaoa??aeao aeey aeaioiaeaiiy
noeeioeeyoe?eieo iiiie?enoae?a NaI(Tl).
AeINE?AeAEAIIss IENEAeO AIEUeO?AIO (VI) ssE NE?IAEIE AeEss
NOeEIOEEssOe?EIEO IIIIE?ENOAE?A CdWO4
C iaoith ioe?iee yeino? WO3 nii/aoeo aoee aeei?enoai? cae/aei? iaoiaee
oaciaiai aiae?co. Aea aea??aaoia?ao?/iee ? ?aioaaiioaciaee iaoiaee
aeyaeeeny iaei?ioi?iaoeaieie /a?ac neaai ae?aaeai? oaieia? aoaeoe
i?ioean?a oaciooai?aiiy e iaiaaeai?noue aeia?aeeiaeo aeaieo, a oaeiae
a?aenooi?noue noaiaea?oieo c?ace?a neeaaeo. E?euee?nia ?ioi?iaoe?y aoea
iaea?aeaia ca aeiiiiiaith ?ic?iaeaieo iaie iaoiaeee iiey?ia?ao?/iiai
aecia/aiiy aieueo?aio o o?aeoe?yo, ui naeaeoeaii ?ic/eiythoueny a
?ic/eiao Na2C2O4 ? Na2CO3. Noaia aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeaia ia ?en. 1.
?en. 1. Noaia aeine?aeaeaiiy oaciaiai neeaaeo WO3
Aea/aiiy aieeao eiioeaio?aoe?? ? ?I oiiiaiai aeaeo?ie?oo, /ano
aeaaa?oaaiiy ?ic/eio ? ia??iaeo eaiaiiy ?EA (e) ia aaee/eio no?oio
a?aeiiaeaiiy W(VI) (Ia?, ieA) aeicaieeei ciaeoe iioeiaeuei? oiiae
aei??thaaiiy iae?ie?eueeinoae aieueo?aio. O oeeo oiiaao
eiioeaio?aoe?eia caeaaei?noue Ia? = f(cw(VI)) a ?ioa?aae? a?ae 2,210-5
aei 8,210-4 iieue/e ? i?e n=9, aea n – /enei ia? oi/ie, ui acyo? aeey
?ic?aooieo ia?aiao??a e?i?eii? ?aa?an?? ii IIE, iieno?oueny ??aiyiiyi:
Ia? = (-0,003 0,001) + (0,007 0,001)c w(VI) 105 (1)
Aeniea cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa ei?aeyoe?? (r=0,9996) aeaco? ia
i?aaeeuei?noue aeai?o e?i?eii? iiaeae? ai?ieneiaoe??. O ae?aiacii?
ai?noo W a?ae 0,5 aei 80 % sr neeaaeaei 0,20 – 0,02 a?aeiia?aeii. Oea
aeicaieeei i?aeaeueoe oi/i?noue ? /ooeea?noue aecia/aiiy aieueo?aio ia
1,5 ii?yaeee ii??aiyii c iaoiaeeeaie, a?aeiieie c e?oa?aoo?e.
Aecia/aiiy i?e?ie?eueeinoae W caniiaaii ia aei??thaaii? no?oio ieeneaiiy
(Ii) aiaeith, ui eaoae?co?oueny i?iaeoeoaie a?aeiiaeaiiy W(VI), ye?
iaeiie/othoueny ia iiaa?oi? aeaeo?iaeo. Ii??aiyiiy i?e?a, io?eiaieo i?e
aeei?enoaii? ?EA ? IE?A, iieacaei, ui ?a?no?aoe?y i?ea ia i?ioyc? oeeeeo
iiey?ecaoe?? iaei??? e?aie? (IE?A) aeicaiey? i?aeaeueoe
a?aeoai?thaai?noue aei??thaaiiy aenioe i?e?a ? aeinyaoe ni=210-9
iieue/e. I?e aeei?enoaii? iaeiie?aiaeueiiai ?aaeeio ae?eyiea e?i?eii?
caeaaeiino? Ii= f(cw(VI)) neeaaea? 210-9…210-7 iieue/e.
____________________
· ni – ieaeiy iaaea ai?noo, ui aecia/a?oueny; sr – a?aeiinia noaiaea?oia
a?aeoeeaiiy iaeeie/iiai ?acoeueoaoo; ooo ? aeae? ai?no aeaiaioo (ni, nw)
ae?aaeaiee ianiaith /anoeith o % aai eiioeaio?aoe??th a iieue/e.
Oaeei /eiii, aoei caaacia/aii iaae?ei?noue eiio?ieth ai?noo W a
ae?aiacii? a?ae 110-4 aei 80 %. ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaeeee aeyaeeeny
aoaeoeaieie aeey iiia?aaeiuei? ioe?iee i?eaeaoiino? ??cieo ia?o?e WO3
aeey oaa?aeioaciiai neioaco oeooe CdWO4.
Aeey ioe?iee a?aeoeeaiiy a?ae noao?iiao??? ieneaeo aieueo?aio (VI)
aea/aii aca?iiae?th i?aia?aoo c Fe (III). Ciaeaeai? iioeiaeuei? oiiae
?ic/eiaiiy ? i?iaaaeaiiy ?aaeien-?aaeoe?? (iaa??aaiiy a aoiinoa?? acioo;
?ic/eiiee – aiaeiee ?ic/ei oeeo?aoo iao??th, yeee i?noeoue noi?o 0,33 I
H3BO3, 0,13 I H2SO4 ? 0,10 I H3PO4 aeey noaa?e?caoe?? Fe (II), ui
ooai?th?oueny). Caaacia/aii noaa?euei?noue nenoaie Fe (??)-Fe (???)
i?e ianooiiiio iiey?ia?aooaaii? a ienaeaoiiio na?aaeiaeu? ca ?aooiie
?aoaeueiiai aeaaa?oaaiiy ?ic/ei?a, aeei?enoaiiy caoeuaieo a?ae na?oea
aeaeo?ie?ca??a (uia caiia?aoe a?aeiiaeaiith Fe (???) ienaeao-?iiaie).
Anoaiiaeaii, ui ia?aiao?e e?i?eii? ?aa?an?? eiioeaio?aoe?eieo
caeaaeiinoae aeey iaio oi?i cae?ca (i?e n=6 ? P=0,95) ?ic??ciythoueny
iacia/oua. Oea aeicaiey? aeei?enoiaoaaoe iaaaaeaio aeua nenoaio ye
aoaeiiio aeey aea/aiiy a?aeiiaethaaeueii? caeaoiino? ianoao?iiao?e/iiai
ieneaeo aieueo?aio (VI) (?en. 2).
?en. 2. Iiey?ia?aie Fe (II), Fe (III) ? noi?o? Fe (II) + Fe (III) o
?ic/ei? 0,5 I E2N2I4, yeee i?noeoue 0,5 I I3AI3 + 0,18 I I2SI4 + 0,15 I
I3?I4.
(nFe(II) ? nFe(III) neeaaeathoue 3,6 10-4 iieue/e)
1 – Fe (II); 2 – Fe (III); 3, 4, 5 – noi?o Fe (II) + Fe (III) ?c
ni?aa?aeiioaiiyie eiioeaio?aoe?e 1:4, 1:1, 4:1, a?aeiia?aeii.
Iieacaii, ui noao?iiao?e/iee ?iaeaen x o WIx iiaeia ?ic?aoiaoaaoe ca
?acoeueoaoaie aecia/aiiy Fe (??):
o = (20,94 mWOx – 11,49 mFe(II) ) / (mFe(II) + 6,98 mWox),
(2)
aea mWOx – iana iaaaaeee WOx, a;
mFe(II) – iana Fe (II), ciaeaeaia ca iaoiaeii aeiaaaie a;
20,94; 11,49; 6,98 – eiao?oe??ioe, ?ic?aoiaai? ca ??aiyiiyi
?aaeien-?aaeoe?? i?ae Fe (III) e WOx.
I?aaeeuei?noue aecia/aiiy ?iaeaeno i?aeoaa?aeaeaia ca t- e?eoa???i
iaoiaeii aa??thaaiiy iaaaaeie. Aeiaaeeiaa iioeaea aecia/aiiy
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny cia/aiiyie sr= 0,0001 ? 0,0002 aeey x = 2,9984 ?
2,9991 a?aeiia?aeii.
IIEss?IA?AO?*IA AECIA*AIIss AAEAIOIEO OI?I ?A?II?TH O IIIIE?ENOAEAO
KCl(Eu)
Aiae?c nenoaie, ui i?noeoue Eu (III) ? Eu (II), oneeaaeith?oueny
iaiao?aei?noth caa??aaiiy a ?ic/ei? oiai aeo?aeiiai aaeaioiiai noaio,
eio?ee ? o iiiie?enoae?. Aeey ioe?iee i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny i?e
?ic/eiaii? e?enoae?a, ?ic?aoiaaii eiinoaioe ??aiiaaae ?aaeoe?e ieeneaiiy
Eu (II) o i?enooiino? (3) ? o a?aenooiino? (4) eenith:
3Au2+ + 3I+ + 1/2 I2 = 3Au3+ + 1/2 I2 + I2I lg K1= 62,4 (3) Eu2+ +
H+ = Eu3+ + 1/2 H2lg K2= 6,4 (4)Cia/aiiy eiinoaioe
?aaeien-i?ioeano (3) aeoaea aeniea, /ei iiynith?oueny oaeaeeee ia?ao?ae
Eu (II) Eu (III) o ?ic/eiao, ui aiae?cothoueny. Aea/aii oaeoi?e, ye?
aieeaathoue ia noaa?euei?noue Eu (II) o ?ic/ei?: ieenethaa/?, ?I ?
neeaae oiiiaiai aeaeo?ie?oo. Aei?iaoaaii ??ci? aa??aioe ?ic/eiaiiy
e?enoaeo KCl(Eu), o yeiio ca aeiiiiiaith ?aioaaiioaciaiai aiae?co
i?aeoaa?aeaeaia i?enooi?noue Eu (III) ? Eu (II).
C o?aooaaiiyi ?aaeoe?? (2) aea?aii iioeiaeuei? oiiae i?iaii?aeaioiaee ?
aei??thaaiiy: ?ic/eiaiiy iaaaaeee iaiiae??aiaiiai e?enoaeo
aaciina?aaeiuei a aeaeo?ie?ca?? a iiia?aaeiuei aeaaa?iaaiiio oiiiaiio
aeaeo?ie?o? neeaaeo 0,01 I ca HCl ? 0,08 I ca H3PO4, a oaeiae
caaacia/aiiy iaaeeeoeiaiai oeneo acioo iaae ?ic/eiii i?ae /an
?a?no?aoe?? iiey?ia?ai.
C o?aooaaiiyi ?aaeoe?? (4) c?iaeaii ioe?ieo iiaeeeaino? ieeneaiiy Eu
(II) ?iiaie aiaeith ? ?ic?aoiaaia oiiaia eiinoaioa oaeaeeino? oeueiai
i?ioeano k = (1,10,4)10-5 n-1 (n=6, P=0,95), eio?a oa?aeoa?eco? eiai ye
ae?ae iia?eueiee. Oiio aeaiee i?ioean i?aeoe/ii ia ia?ae?o/o?
?acoeueoaoe aecia/aiiy Eu (II) ? Eu (III). ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny sr=0,1 (aeey 0,3 % Eu) ? ni=510-3 %. Aiia aoea
aeei?enoaia aeey aecia/aiiy iaio aaeaioieo oi?i ?a?ii?th a e?enoaeao
KCl(Eu), io?eiaieo ca ??cieie oaoiieia?/ieie ?aaeaiaioaie.
C iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy /ooeeaino? aecia/aiiy caaaeueiiai ai?noo Eu o
LiI(Eu) ? Sm o NaI(Sm) aoei aea/aii oiiae iai?yiiai iiey?ia?ao?/iiai
aecia/aiiy oeeo aeaiaio?a ca ?aaeoe??th cai?uaiiy ieie eaaei?th a eiai
eiiieaeniiao?. Aeyaeaii, ui ??aiiaaaa iai?io aeey nenoaie Eu-CdY2- ?
Sm-CdY2- anoaiiaeth?oueny ia i?ioyc? 10 oaeeei i?e iioeiaeueiiio
ni?aa?aeiioaii? CCdY2-:C?CA, ui aei??aith? 10:1. Caeaaei?noue ICd =
f(C?CY) ? e?i?eiith a ?ioa?aae? eiioeaio?aoe?e Eu 210-6…210-5 iieue/e ?
Sm 310-6…310-4 iieue/e. Ioaea, iieacaia iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoaiiy
oeueiai i?eeiio aeey ae??oaiiy cacia/aii? aeua caaea/?.
AECIA*AIIss INIIAIEO EIIIIIAIO?A ?
AeII?OIE C AEEI?ENOAIIssI IE?A
Aeey ae??oaiiy aeayeeo i?aeoe/ieo caaea/ aeei?enoaii iaoiae
ci?iiino?oiiai? AA c iia?eueiieaiath/ei ?oooiei aeaeo?iaeii (e=12-15 n)
i?e aenieeo oaeaeeinoyo ?acai?oee iai?oae ? ?a?no?aoe??
(iaeiie?aiaeueiee ?aaeei). Oeae ?aaeei aeiaie? ??aeei aeei?enoiao?oueny
a i?aeoeoe?, oi/ eiai aacia?a/iith ia?aaaaith ia?aae cae/aeiei ?EA ?
aeni?ani?noue: /an, ui aeo?a/a?oueny ia aei??thaaiiy, neeaaea? 1
oaeeeio.
Aa??thaaiiy oiia iiey?ecaoe?? aeaeo?iaeo oa ?a?no?aoe?? AA-e?eaeo
ii/aoeiai? iai?oae (Eo, A); aiie?ooaee (E, A), ni?yioaaiiy ? oaeaeeino?
(Vp, iA/n) ?icai?oee iai?oae – iieacaei, ui a eiaeiiio eiie?aoiiio
aeiaaeeo oe? ia?aiao?e iiaeii? aooe aea?ai? oaeei /eiii, uia
aeio?eioaaeiny ni?aa?aeiioaiiy e c + E/Vp, aea c- /an cao?eiee, n. Oea
caaacia/o? aenieo a?aeoai?thaai?noue neaiaeo – aenio i?e?a no?oio, eio?a
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny a?aeiinieie noaiaea?oieie a?aeoeeaiiyie, ??aieie 0,03,
0,01 ? 0,008 (i?e n=5) aeey eiioeaio?aoe?e 110-7, 110-6 ? 110-5 iieue/e
a?aeiia?aeii, a e?i?ei?noue a?aaeothaaeueieo a?ao?e?a caa??aa?oueny a
?ioa?aae? 3-4 ii?yaee?a eiioeaio?aoe?e (cie?aia aeey Pb ? Cd a?ae m10-7
aei n10-3 iieue/e). Oea aeicaieeei c aenieith oi/i?noth ? iaae?ei?noth
aecia/aoe iniiai? eiiiiiaioe (Pb ? Cd) ?c iaeeo iaaaaeie neeaaeieo
a?aiao?a.
Niaoeeo?/ia aaeni?aoe?y Tl ia ?oooiiio aeaeo?iae? aeicaieeea i?aeaeueoe
/ooeea?noue eiai i?yiiai aecia/aiiy a oei?eae? oeac?th ca ?aooiie
aeei?enoaiiy aiiaeiiai ni?yioaaiiy ?icai?oee iai?oae (ni=310-4 %).
Aeei?enoaiiy ae i?ioean?a, iia’ycaieo c aaeni?aoe??th i?iaeoeo?a
aeaeo?io?i?/ii? ?aaeoe?? ia aeaeo?iae?, aeaei ciiao i?e aeine?aeaeaii?
oaciaiai neeaaeo WO3 aeinyaoe /ooeeaino? aecia/aiiy aieueo?aio (ni=210-9
iieue/e), yeo iiaeia c?noaaeoe c iaoiaeaie inoeeeiiiey?ia?ao?? oa ?AA.
?IAA?N?EII-AIEUeOAIIA?IIAO?E*IA AECIA*AIIss EAAOTH*EO AeIAAAIE ?
AeII?OIE
Aa??thaaiiy ?aaeei?a iiey?ia?aooaaiiy (c aeei?enoaiiyi noaoe?iia?ieo
?oooieo e?aiaeueieo aeaeo?iae?a: N?EA ? ?AEO), ?aaeeio ?iaioe ?AEO
(iaeiie/aiiy, iaeiie?aiaeueiee), neeaaeo ? eiioeaio?aoe??
eiiieaeniooai?thth/iai oiiiaiai aeaeo?ie?oo oa ?ic/eiieea aeicaieeei:
· ?icoe?eoe ae?aiacii ai?noo oae?th, ui aecia/a?oueny, a?ae 110-6 aei
310-2 % a iiiie?enoaeao NaI(Tl); eiioeaio?aoe?ei? caeaaeiino? a oeueiio
ae?aiacii? iienothoueny ??aiyiiyie:
I(ieA) = (0,1299 0,0001) CTl (105, %) (aeey 110-6… 210-3 % Tl),
(5)
I(ieA) = (0,645 0,001) CTl (103, %) (aeey 210-3… 310-2 % Tl),
(6)
a?aeiia?aeii o ?aaeei? iaeiie/aiiy ? iaeiie?aiaeueiiio; a?euei?
/eaie ??aiyiue (5), (6) iacia/oua a?ae??ciythoueny a?ae ioey;
· aecia/eoe aac iiia?aaeiueiai a?aeie?aieaiiy aei 810-7 % Pb ? Cd o
i?enooiino? 105 – 106 – e?aoiiai iaaeeeoeo oae?th a iiiie?enoaeao
NaI(Tl) (c aeei?enoaiiyi ?ic/eio 0,9 I ca LiOH ? 1,1 M ca NH3 ye
oiiiaiai aeaeo?ie?oo);
· cai?iiiioaaoe iaoiaeeeo aecia/aiiy aei 510-6 % Pb o WO3 (?c
aeei?enoaiiyi LiOH ye ?ic/eiieea ? oiiiaiai aeaeo?ie?oo), yeo ca
i?inoioith oa aeni?ani?noth iiaeia c?noaaeoe c iaoiaeeeaie aiae?co
aiaei?ic/eiieo nieae c ?iaeeoa?aioiith iniiaith.
IAeII*ANIA ?IAA?N?EII-AIEUeOAIIA?IIAO?E*IA AECIA*AIIss Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl,
Sb, Bi ? Cu
Aeey ?ica’ycaiiy aaaaoieiiiiiaioii? nenoaie, ui i?noeoue Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl,
Sb, Bi ? Cu, aoa aea?aiee ye oiiiaee aeaeo?ie?o aoeaoaoiee aooa?iee
?ic/ei, 0,45 I ca NaAc ? 0,05 I ca HAc, yeee ia?
neaaieiiieaeniooai?thth/? aeanoeaino? oa caaacia/o? oe?ieee ?iai/ee
ae?aiacii iioaioe?ae?a (a?aeiinii oei?eaen??aiiai aeaeo?iaeo) (?en. 3,
e?. 1). Iieacaii, ui a oeueiio ae?aiacii? ? iiaeeea?noue iaea?aeoaaoe
“niaeo?” i?e?a Zn, Cd, Sb, Bi e Cu (e?. 2) oa noia?iee i?e Pb e Tl (e?.
3), eio?ee eaaei ?ica’yco?oueny ca aeiiiiiaith eiiieaeniio III (e?. 4).
?en. 3. Aieueoaiia?ia?aie Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl, Sb, Bi ? Cu a aoeaoaoiiio
aooa?iiio ?ic/ei? (?I 5,2)
1 – oiiiaee aeaeo?ie?o;
2 – oiiiaee aeaeo?ie?o c aeiaaaeaie (ia/e) ii 0,04 (Zn ? Cd ), 0,16
(Tl), 0,4(Sb), 0,08 (Bi), 0,008 (Cu);
3 – ye o (2) c aeiaaaeith 0,08 ia/e Pb;
4 – ye o (3) c aeiaaaeith 0,05 a eiiieaeniio III.
Oiiae aei??thaaiiy: Ai=-1,25 B, i=30 c, E=+1,45 B, Vp=10 iA/c,
Em = -20 iA, Oa.e= 2010 in.
Aeey aeai?o oiia iaeiie/aiiy aea/aee caeaaeiino? aenioe i?e?a aeaiaio?a
a?ae iioaioe?aeo iaeiie/aiiy (Ai) o a?aenooiino? (?en. 4, a) ? a
i?enooiino? eiiieaeniio III (?en. 4, a). Aeoiaey/e c oeeo
caeaaeiinoae, iiaeia ?aaoethaaoe e?euee?noue aeaiaio?a, ui
iaeiie/othoueny ia ?AEO. Aea/aiiy caeaaeiinoae hCu=f(CZn) ? hZn=f(CCu)
iieacaei, ui aca?iiee aieea Cu ? Zn ca ?aooiie ooai?aiiy
?ioa?iaoae?/ieo niieoe a?aenooi?e.
?en. 4. Caeaaei?noue aenio i?e?a aeaiaio?a a?ae iioaioe?aeo iaeiie/aiiy
a aoeaoaoiiio aooa?iiio ?ic/ei? (?I 5,2):
a) Nae (ia/e): 0,24 (Zn, Pb); 0,08 (Cd, Cu); 0,4 (Tl, Bi); 0,8 (Sb).
Oiiae aei??thaaiiy oae? ae, ye ia ?en. 3;
a) o i?enooiino? 0,005 I eiiieaeniio III
Nae (ia/e): 2 (Zn); 1 (Cd); 0,6 (Pb, Tl, Bi); 1 (Sb); 0,4 (Cu).
Oiiae aei??thaaiiy o? ae, ui a a), ca aeiyoeii Em= -5iA ? Oa.e= 5 10 in
Aa??thaaiiy oiia iiey?ecaoe?? (?ici?? ?oooii? e?aie? (Oa.e), /an (i) ?
iioaioe?ae iaeiie/aiiy) ? ?a?no?aoe?? AA-e?eaeo (ae?aiacii no?oio,
oaeaee?noue ?icai?oee iai?oae, aeaiio??oaaiiy, aiie?ooaea ci?iii?
iai?oae (Em) oa ?i.) aeicaieeei ?ica’ycoaaoe nenoaie oaeeo ia? aeaiaio?a
ye Zn ? Cd (En = 0,4 A), Cd ? Pb (Tl) (En = 0,15 A); Bi ? Cu (En = 0,13
A) i?e ni?aa?aeiioaiiyo ?o eiioeaio?aoe?e 5000:1, 100:1, 1:10 ? 10:1
a?aeiia?aeii.
I?e an?e ??ciiiai?oiino? oiia aei??thaaiiy a?aaeothaaeuei? a?ao?ee,
?ic?aoiaai? ia i?aenoaa? ?aaeueieo aaaaoieiiiiiaioieo nenoai,
caeeoathoueny e?i?eieie a ae?aiacii? eiioeaio?aoe?e n10-9…m10-5 iieue/e.
C iaeiiai aieo, oea i?aeoaa?aeaeo?, ui aca?iiee aieea aeaiaio?a
iacia/ouee, a c ae?oaiai – aeicaiey? aeei?enoiaoaaoe iaoiae aeiaaaie ?
oaeei /eiii onoaaoe aieea iao?eoe?.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iao?ieia?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee aaaaoiaeaiaioii? ?A-iaoiaeeee
iieacaei, ui aeiaaeeia? iioeaee ?acoeueoao?a aecia/aiiy ca 2-e?eoa???i
(n=40, m=4) i?aeii?yaeeiaothoueny ii?iaeueiiio caeiio ?iciiae?eaiiy ?
oa?aeoa?ecothoueny sr= 0,02-0,17. Caeaaeiino? sr = f(ci) iaee?auei /eiii
ai?ieneiothoueny ca IIE ??aiyiiyie aeaeo: sr = Bj + Aj / cij , aea
?iaeaen j – iiia?, iaaeaiee iaaiiio aeaiaioo. ?ic?aoiaai? ia i?aenoaa?
oeeo ??aiyiue ni aeey Cd, Pb, Tl, Sb, Bi oa iaae? aeyaeaiiy (cmin) aeey
Cu, Zn neeaaeathoue, a?aeiia?aeii, (ia/e): 0,0002; 0,0022; 0,0012;
0,011; 0,0035 oa 0,0013; 0,0046.
Nenoaiaoe/i? iioeaee, ?ic?aoiaai? ca t-e?eoa???i (i?e n=20, ?=0,95)
aeey ai?noo, ui aei??aith? (5…20)ni, iacia/ou?. Iioei?caoe?y
i?iaii?aeaioiaee ? aeinyaioo? iaae? aeyaeaiiy Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl, Sb, Bi ?
Cu (oaae. 1) caaacia/othoue iaae?eia ?o aecia/aiiy a noeeioeeyoe?eieo
iaoa??aeao ia ??ai? oaoi?/ieo aeiia, a oaeiae o i?e?iaeieo aiaeao ia
??ai? (0,1…0,5) AIE (aeey ?eaiainiiaea?/eo aiaeieieu) ? aoiinoa?iiio
iia?o?? cia/ii ieae/a AIEnae (ianaeaieo i?noeue).
Oaaeeoey 1
Iaae? aeyaeaiiy (aecia/aiiy) Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl, Sb, Bi ? Cu a
noeeioeeyoe?eieo iaoa??aeao, aiae? ? iia?o??
Aeaiaio I?i?iaeueia aei??thaaia
eiioeaio?aoe?y,
ia/ie Noeeioeeyoe?ei? iaoa??aee
(m = 1 a),
cmin, % Aiaea
(V=100 ie),
ci, ia/e
Iia?o?y
(V=300 aei3),
cmin, ia/i3 Zn 0,4 110-6 0,0012 410-5 Cd 0,3 7,510-7 0,0001 310-5 Pb
0,4 110-6 0,0006 410-5 Tl 0,4 110-6 0,0001 410-5 Sb 4,4 110-5 0,0027
410-4 Bi 1,3 310-6 0,0009 1,110-4 Cu 0,2 510-7 0,0003 210-5
Ia i?aenoaa? i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?ic?iaeaii eiiieaen
aieueoaiia?iiao?e/ieo iaoiaeee aecia/aiiy iniiaieo eiiiiiaio?a, aeii?oie
? eaaoth/eo aeiaaaie o noeeioeeyoe?eieo iaoa??aeao ? aeo?aei?e ne?iaei?,
a oaeiae oaoiiaaiieo iai?aai?/ieo caa?oaeiaiue a ia’?eoao iaaeieeoiueiai
na?aaeiaeua. Oa?aeoa?enoeee iaoiaeee iaaaaeai? a oaae. 2.
Oaaeeoey 2
Oa?aeoa?enoeee ?ic?iaeaieo iaoiaeee aiae?co
ia’?eo,
ui aeine?aeaeo?oueny Aeaiaio, yeee aecia/athoue Aeaeo-?iae Ae?aiacii
aecia/aiiy ai?noo
Sr (cae) Iniiai? eiiiiiaioe Ne?iaeia aeey oeooe iiiie?enoae?a CdWO4:
WOo
W
o
?EA
?EA
0,5 – 80 %
2,9998 – 2,9830
0,20 -0,02
0,0002(2,9991) A?aiaoe: (CaxCdy)nMn2Ge3O12,
(CaxCdyPbz)nMn2Ge3O12
Pb, Cd
Pb, Cd
IE?A
0,5 – 12 % Pb
0,5 – 9,5 % Cd
0,03
0,07Eaaoth/? aeiaaaee Iiiie?enoaee: LiI(Eu)
Eu
?EA
510-4 – 310-2 %
0,23 – 0,02NaI(Sm) Sm?EA 110-3 – 710-2 % 0,20 – 0,02NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl)
Tl?AEO 110-6 – 110-2 % 0,30(310-6 %)
0,05(310-4%)KCl(Eu) Eu(II),Eu(III)?EA 510-3 -110-1 % 0,1 (0,3
%)I?e?iaeii?oee Ne?iaeia aeey iiiie?enoae?a NaI(Tl): [NaI, NaOH, I2,
H2O2, HI, H2O(aeeno.)]
Zn, Cd, Pb,
Tl, Bi, Sb, Cu
?AEO
n10-7 – m10-3 %
0,17 – 0,05 Iiiie?enoaee NaI(Tl) Pb,Cd?AEO810-7 – 110-4 % 0,17 – 0,07
Oeooa ? noeeioeeyoe?ei? iiiie?enoaee CdWO4
W
IE?A
210-5 – 110-1 %
0,05 (210-2 %) Ne?iaeia aeey oeooe iiiie?enoae?a CdWO4: WO3 PbN?EA510-6
– 510-4 %0,23 – 0,07
W
IE?A
110-4 – 510-1 %
0,23 (410-3 %) Ne?iaeia aeey iiiie?enoae?a CsI: CsCl
Tl
IE?A
310-4 – 110-2 %
0,06 – 0,01 Aiaee: no?/i?, oaoiieia?/i?, i?e?iaei? Zn, Cd, Pb,
Tl, Bi, Sb, Cu?AEOn10-4- m10-1 ia/e0,17 – 0,02 Iia?o?y ?iai/i? ?
i?aeoaeaeueii? cii Zn, Cd, Pb,
Tl, Bi, Sb, Cu?AEOn10-5- m10-1 ia/i3 0,23 – 0,09 aeoyaeee c a?oioo Zn,
Cd, Pb,
Tl, Bi, Sb, Cu?AEOn10-3- m ia/ea 0,17 – 0,02
AENIIAEE
1. Aeiaaaeaii, ui naeaeoeaia ?ic/eiaiiy ieneaeo aieueo?aio (VI) o
?ic/eiao Na2C2O4 ? Na2CO3 aea? ciiao aecia/aoe iiey?ia?ao?/iei iaoiaeii
iae?i- ? i?e?ie?eueeino? W a ae?aiacii? a?ae 110-4 aei 80 % ? oanooaaoe
i?eaeaoi?noue WO3 aeey oaa?aeioaciiai neioaco oeooe noeeoeeyoe?eieo
iiiie?enoae?a aieueo?aiaoo eaaei?th.
2. Ia i?eeeaae? ianoao?iiao?e/iiai ieneaeo aieueo?aio (VI) aeiaaaeaii,
ui a?aeiiaeaiiy Fe (III) ia oii? noaa?e?coth/i? noi?o? eeneio a ?aaeoe??
aca?iiae?? c ieae/eie nooiaiyie ieneaeaoe?? ia?ao?aeieo iaoae?a ?
e?euee?niei ? aea? ciiao aecia/aoe iiey?ia?ao?/iei iaoiaeii a?aeoeeaiiy
a?ae noao?iiao??? ieneae?a oeeo iaoae?a.
3. Aeiaaaeaii iiaeeea?noue e?euee?niiai iiey?ia?ao?/iiai aecia/aiiy Eu
(II) ? Eu (III) a iiiie?enoaeao KCl(Eu) a cai?iiiiiaaieo oiiaao
?ic/eiaiiy oeeo e?enoae?a, ye? caaacia/othoue caa??aaiiy aeo?aeieo
aaeaioieo oi?i ?a?ii?th.
4. Anoaiiaeaii iiaeeea?noue aeniei/ooeeaiai iai?yiiai iiey?ia?ao?/iiai
aecia/aiiy Eu ? Sm ia i?aenoaa? ?aaeoe?? cai?uaiiy eaaei?th ?a?ii??i aai
naia???i o eiiieaeniiao? eaaei?th.
5. Aeey nooo?aiai i?aeaeuaiiy /ooeeaino?, aeni?aniino? oa
a?aeoai?thaaiino? aieueoaiia?iiao?e/ieo aei???a iaa?oioiaaii
aeei?enoaiiy ci?iiino?oiiai? aieueoaiia?iiao??? c iia?eueiieaiath/ei
?oooiei aeaeo?iaeii i?e aenieeo oaeaeeinoyo ?acai?oee iai?oae.
6. Aeiaaaeaii iiaeeea?noue ?icae?eaiiy i?e?a naeioeth ? eaaei?th (ia
i?e?ia?aiiaiio ??ai?) i?e ?o ?iaa?n?eii-aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iiio
aecia/aii? aac iiia?aaeiueiai a?aeie?aieaiiy a?ae 105-106-e?aoiiai
iaaeeeoeo oae?th ca ?aooiie aeei?enoaiiy eoaeii-ai?a/iiai oiiiaiai
aeaeo?ie?oo cai?iiiiiaaiiai ai?noo.
7. Aeiaaaeaii, ui aeei?enoiaoaaiiy noaoe?iia?iiai ?oooiiai e?aiaeueiiai
aeaeo?iaeo eeaiaiiiai oeio a iaeiie?aiaeueiiio ?aaeei? oa ?aaeei?
iaeiie/aiiy aea? iiaeeea?noue aecia/aiiy oae?th a iiiie?enoaeao
NaI(Tl), CsI(Tl) a oe?ieiio ae?aiacii? eiai ai?noo (10-6…10-2 %).
8. Aeiaaaeaii, ui aeei?enoaiiy aoeaoaoiiai aooa?iiai ?ic/eio ye
oiiiaiai aeaeo?ie?oo, a eiiieaeniio III – ye ianeoth/iai aaaioa aea?
ciiao iaeii/anii aecia/aoe a ?ic/eiao Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl, Bi, Sb ? Cu i?e
ni?aa?aeiioaiiyo, ye? neeueii ?ic??ciythoueny (iai?eeeaae, 5000:1 aeey
Zn ? Cd, 100:1 aeey Cd ? Pb(Tl), 60:1 aeey Pb ? Tl, 1:2000 aeey Tl
? Cu), iaoiaeii ci?iiino?oiiai? ?iaa?n?eii? aieueoaiia?iiao??? c?
noaoe?iia?iei ?oooiei e?aiaeueiei aeaeo?iaeii eeaiaiiiai oeio.
9. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeaeaiue ?ic?iaeaii eiiieaen
aieueoaiia?iiao?e/ieo iaoiaeee iaeii- ? aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai aecia/aiiy
iniiaieo eiiiiiaio?a (?c iaeeo iaaaaeie), eaaoth/eo aeiaaaie (a?ae 110-6
aei n10-1 %), i?e?iaeii?oie (a?ae n10-7 aei m10-3 %) a
noeeioeeyoe?eieo iiiie?enoaeao ? ne?iaei? aeey ieo, a oaeiae oaoiiaaiieo
iai?aai?/ieo caa?oaeiaiue a ia’?eoao iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua.
NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO ?IA?O Ca OAIith AeENA?OAOe??
1. Aaae/ A.A., Eeneeue A.I., Naeeoaeaeaiiaa ?.I.-O. Iaeiia?aiaiiia
ii?aaeaeaiea Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl, Sb, Bi e Cu a noi/iuo aiaeao iaoiaeii
ia?aiaiiioieiaie aieueoaiia?iiao?ee // Oeiey e oaoiieia. aiaeu.-
1992.-O.14, N 6.- N. 422-427.
2. Aaae/ A.A., Ae?icia? A.E., Eeneeue A.I., Naeeoaeaeaiiaa ?.I.-O.
Iiiaiyeaiaioiue eiaa?neiiii-aieueoaiia?iiao?e/aneee aiaeec iniai
/enouo aauanoa, eniieuecoaiuo a oaoiieiaee iieo/aiey iiiie?enoaeeia
NaI(Tl) // Auniei/enoua aauanoaa.- 1993.- N 6.- N. 162-167.
3. Aaae/ A.A., Eeneeue A.I. Eiaa?neiiii-aieueoaiia?iiao?e/aneia
ii?aaeaeaiea naeioea a ieneaea aieueo?aia (VI) aeey noeeioeeeyoeeiiiuo
iiiie?enoaeeia // Caaiaene. eaa.- 1993.- O.59, N 7.- N. 19-20.
4. Aaae/ A.A., Eeneeue A.I., Oaoiiae/ I.E. Iiey?ia?aoe/aneee aiaeec
e?enoaeeia KCl(Eu) // Oe?. oei. aeo?i.- 1994.- O.60, ? 10.- N.
701-705.
5. Aaae/ A.A., Eeneeue A.I., Naeeoaeaeaiiaa ?.I.-O. Iiey?ia?aoe/aneia
enneaaeiaaiea ainnoaiiaeoaeueiie niiniaiinoe ianoaoeiiao?e/aneiai
ieneaea aieueo?aia (VI) // Caaiaene. eaa.-1994.- O.60, N 4.- N.
1-4.
6. Aeiia?aae Y.E., I?ioeaiei A.A., Eeneeue A.I., Oaeiae/aiei E.A.
Aeeyiea eiaea ia ethieianoeaioiua naienoaa e?enoaeeia NaI e NaI(Tl) //
Oe?. oic. aeo?i.- 1994.- O.39, N 2.- N. 191-193.
7. Aaae/ A.A., Eeneeue A.I., Iaoiaiei A.A., Naeeoaeaeaiiaa ?.I.-O.
I?eiaiaiea ia?aiaiiioieiaie eiaa?neiiiie aieueoaiia?iiao?ee a aiaeeca
iauaeoia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu // Auniei/enoua aauanoaa.- 1995.-N5.- N.
54-59.
8. Aaae/ A.A., Eeneeue A.I., Naeeoaeaeaiiaa ?.I.-O. Iao?ieiae/aneea
aniaeou iiiaiyeaiaioiie eiaa?neiiii-aieueoaiia?iiao?e/aneie iaoiaeeee
aiaeeca // AEo?i. aiaeeo. oeiee.- 1996.- O.51, N 5.- N. 480-485.
9. Aaae/ A.A., Eeneeue A.I., Naeeoaeaeaiiaa ?.I.-O. Iaeiia?aiaiiia
eiaa?neiiii-aieueoaiia?iiao?e/aneia ii?aaeaeaiea Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl, Sb, Bi
e Cu a aicaeooa // Caaiaene. eaa. Aeeaaiinoeea iaoa?eaeia.- 1998.- O.64,
?11.- N.3-5.
10. Aaae/ A.A., Eeneeue A.I., Naeeoaeaeaiiaa ?.I.-O. Eniieueciaaiea
iaaeeaiiieaiathuaai ?oooiiai yeaeo?iaea a aiaeeca iiiie?enoaeeia,
iniai /enouo aauanoa e iauaeoia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu // Nia?aiaiiua
iaoiaeu aiaeeoe/aneiai eiio?iey ia i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo. I.:
Oe?AeC, 1991.- N. 119-121.
11. Aaae/ A.A., Einieue I.I., Naeioaeaeaiiaa ?.I.-O. Aeei?enoaiiy
eiiieaeniooai?aiiy aeey i?yiiai oa iai?yiiai
iiaa?nieii-aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iiai aecia/aiiy aaaeeeo i
?iaeeiniicaiaeueieo iaoaeia o iiiie?enoaeao oa i?e?iaeieo ia’?eoao //
Anaoe?. eiio. c aiaeioe/ii? oiii?: Oac. aeii. – Ee?a: Ee?anueeee oi-o,
1995.- N. 22.
12. Kisil E.P., Babich G.A., Salikhdzanova R.M.-F. Multielemental
environmental analysis by alternating stripping voltammetry // Proc.
International Simp. in Analyt. Chem. (SAC 95).- London.– 1995.- E.1.-
P9.
13. Aaae/ A.A., E?n?eue I.I., Nae?oaeaeaiiaa ?.I.-O. Aeei?enoaiiy
aieueoaiia?iiao??? aeey aea/aiiy ieneaeo aieueo?aio (VI) ye ne?iaeie
aeey iiiie?enoae?a // Anaoe?. eiio. c aiae?oe/ii? o?i??.: Oac.aeii.-
Oaeai?iae: Oaeai?iaenueeee oi?aa?neoao, 1998.- N. 160.
E?n?eue I. I. Aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iee aiae?c iai?aai?/ieo noeeioeeyoe?eieo
iaoa??ae?a. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa o?i?/ieo iaoe ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth 02.00.02 – aiae?oe/ia o?i?y.- Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee
oi?aa?neoao, Oa?e?a, 1999.
A aeena?oaoe?? iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue c aiae?co
iai?aai?/ieo noeeioeeyoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a. Aea/aii oiiae
aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iiai aecia/aiiy i?e?iaeii?oie, eaaoth/eo aeiaaaie,
iniiaieo eiiiiiaio?a o noeeioeeyoe?eieo iaoa??aeao ? oieneeaio?a a
ia’?eoao iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua ?c aeei?enoaiiyi ??cieo oei?a
?oooieo eaiath/eo ? noaoe?iia?ieo aeaeo?iae?a. Ia i?aenoaa? i?iaaaeaieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ?ic?iaeaii eiiieaen iaoiaeee aiae?co, ca aeiiiiiaith yeeo
ae??oaii ?yae aaaeeeaeo aeey iaoa??aeiciaanoaa caaea/:
· iaae?eiee eiio?ieue ai?noo i?e?iaeii?oie a ae?aiacii? n10-7…m10-3 %;
· ioe?iea ?iciiae?eaiiy aeoeaaoi?o (n10-6…m10-1 %) o noeeioeeyoe?eieo
e?enoaeao oa anoaiiaeaiiy ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aaeaioieo oi?i ?a?ii?th a
e?enoaeao KCl(Eu);
· ioe?iea a?aeoeeaiiy a?ae noao?iiao??? ieneaeo aieueo?aio (VI);
· aecia/aiiy iniiaieo eiiiiiaio?a c iaeeo iaaaaeie noeeioeeyoe?eieo
iaoa??ae?a;
· eiio?ieue iaaeoiaeaeaiiy ? ?iciianthaeaeaiiy oaoiiaaiieo iai?aai?/ieo
caa?oaeiaiue i?e ae?iaieoeoa? noeeioeeyoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: aieueoaiia?iiao?e/iee aiae?c, i?e?iaeii?oee, eaaoth/?
aeiaaaee, iniiai? eiiiiiaioe, oieneeaioe, ?oooi? aeaeo?iaee,
noeeioeeyoe?ei? iaoa??aee, e?enoaee, iaaeieeoi? na?aaeiaeua.
Kisil E.P. Voltammetric analysis of inorganic scintillation materials. –
Manuscript.
Thesis for a candidate’s degree in chemical science by speciality
02.00.02 – analytical chemistry. – Kharkov state university, Kharkov,
1999.
The results of researches in the field of the inorganic scintillation
materials analysis are given in the dissertation. The conditions of
voltammetric determination of microadmixtures, dopants, main components
in scintillation materials, and of toxicants in environmental objects
have been studied, using different types of mercury dropping and
stationary electrodes. On the basis of the studies a complex of one- and
multielemental analysis procedures has been developed, which enabled to
solve a number of problems which are of importance for material science:
· reliable control of microadmixtures in the 110-7…110-3 %;
· evaluation of activator distribution (n10-6…m10-1 %) in scintillation
crystals and establishing of the ratio of europium valence forms in
KCl(Eu) crystals;
· evaluation of deviations from stoichiometry for tungsten (VI) oxide;
· determination of main components from small weights of scintillation
materials;
· control of entrance and spreading of technical inorganic
contaminations at production of scintillation materials.
Key words: voltammetric analysis, microadmixtures, dopants, main
components, toxicants, mercury electrodes, scintillation materials,
crystals, environment.
Eeneeue A.I. Aieueoaiia?iiao?e/aneee aiaeec iai?aaie/aneeo
noeeioeeeyoeeiiiuo iaoa?eaeia. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oeie/aneeo iaoe ii
niaoeeaeueiinoe 02.00.02 – aiaeeoe/aneay oeiey.- Oa?ueeianeee
ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao, Oa?ueeia, 1999.
A aeenna?oaoeee i?eaaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee a iaeanoe aiaeeca
iai?aaie/aneeo noeeioeeeyoeeiiiuo iaoa?eaeia. N eniieueciaaieai ?aciuo
oeiia ?oooiuo eaiathueo e noaoeeiia?iuo yeaeo?iaeia eco/aiu oneiaey
aieueoaiia?iiao?e/aneiai ii?aaeaeaiey iee?ii?eianae, eaae?othueo
aeiaaaie, iniiaiuo eiiiiiaioia a noeeioeeeyoeeiiiuo iaoa?eaeao, a oaeaea
oieneeaioia a iauaeoao ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.
Aeey ioeaiee i?eaiaeiinoe i?e oa??aeioaciii neioaca oeoou CdWO4 ?aciuo
ia?oee ieneaea aieueo?aia (VI), iaeaaeathuaai oceie iaeanoueth
noaoeiiao?ee, enneaaeiaaiu oneiaey naeaeoeaiiai ?anoai?aiey WO3 a
?anoai?ao Na2C2O4 e Na2CO3. Iaeaeaiiua iioeiaeueiua oneiaey
iiey?ia?aoe/aneiai ii?aaeaeaiey iae?ieiee/anoa (ii aieia ainnoaiiaeaiey
W(VI) W(V)) e iee?ieiee/anoa aieueo?aia (ii eaoaeeoe/aneiio oieo
ieeneaiey aiaei?iaea) iaania/eee iaaeaaeiue eiio?ieue aai niaea?aeaiee
a aeeaiaciia n10-4… 80 %. Eco/aiea acaeiiaeaenoaey ieneaea aieueo?aia
(VI) n Fe(III) (i?e ?anoai?aiee a aiaeiii ?anoai?a oeeo?aoa iao?ey) n
iaania/aieai noaaeeecaoeee nenoaiu Fe(II) – Fe(III) eae i?e
?anoai?aiee, oae e i?e ecia?aiee iicaieeee eniieueciaaoue ?acoeueoaou
iiey?ia?aoe/aneiai ii?aaeaeaiey ia?aciaaaoaainy Fe(II) aeey ?an/?oa
noaoeiiao?e/aneiai eiaeaena o a WOo e oaeei ia?acii ioeaieoue ioeeiiaiea
io noaoeiiao?ee.
A nayce n a?aaeoe?iaaieai ia?ac?ooathuaai iioe/aneiai iaoiaea
ii?aaeaeaiey aa?iiey a iiiie?enoaeeao KCl(Eu) aicieeea iaiaoiaeeiinoue
aiaeeca nenoaiu Eu (II) – Eu (III). ?ann/eoaiiua eiinoaiou
?aaiiaaney ?aaeoeee ieeneaiey Eu (II) a i?enoonoaee eenei?iaea e a aai
ionoonoaea ninoaaeytho 2,51062 e 2,5106 niioaaonoaaiii. A nayce n yoei
iaeaeaiu iioeiaeueiua oneiaey ?anoai?aiey e?enoaeeia, iaania/eaathuea
nio?aiaiea enoiaeiuo aaeaioiuo oi?i Eu. Ioeaiaia aiciiaeiinoue ieeneaiey
Eu (II) eiiaie aiaei?iaea i?e iiey?ia?aoe?iaaiee; ?ann/eoaia oneiaiay
eiinoaioa nei?inoe k=1,110-5 c-1 (n=6, P=0,95), eioi?ay oa?aeoa?ecoao
yoo ?aaeoeeth eae e?aeia iaaeeaiioth, aneaaenoaea /aai iia i?aeoe/anee
ia aeeyao ia ?acoeueoaou eiee/anoaaiiiai ii?aaeaeaiey Eu (II) e Eu (III)
a e?enoaeeao KCl(Eu).
Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey iauaai niaea?aeaiey aa?iiey e naia?ey a iiiie?enoaeeao
LiI(Eu) e NaI(Sm) i?eiaieee einaaiiue iiey?ia?aoe/aneee iaoiae,
iniiaaiiue ia ?aaeoeeyo caiauaiey eaaeiey aa?iieai eee naia?eai a
eiiieaeniiaoa eaaeiey. Yoi iicaieeei nieceoue ia ii?yaeie i?aaeae
iaia?oaeaiey oeacaiiuo yeaiaioia ii n?aaiaieth n i?yiui
iiey?ia?aoe/aneei eo ii?aaeaeaieai.
Onoaiiaeaii, /oi nouanoaaiiiai iiauoaiey /oanoaeoaeueiinoe,
aini?iecaiaeeiinoe e yeni?anniinoe ecia?aiee iiaeii aeinoeaiooue i?e
eniieueciaaiee ?aaeei i?eiaiyaiiai iaeiieaiaeueiiai ?aaeeia n
iaaeeaiiieaiathuei ?oooiui yeaeo?iaeii i?e aunieeo nei?inoyo ?aca??oee
iai?yaeaiey (70-80 iA/n).
Aa?uee?iaaiea noaoeeiia?iuo ?oooiuo eaiaeueiuo yeaeo?iaeia: a aeaea
Hg-eaiee ia Pt- eiioaeoa (N?EY) e eeaiaiiiai oeia (?YEO), ?aaeeia ?aaiou
?YEO (iaeiieaiea, iaeiieaiaeueiue), ninoaaa oiiiauo yeaeo?ieeoia e
?anoai?eoaey iicaieeei a noeeioeeeyoeeiiiuo iaoa?eaeao: ?anoe?eoue
aeeaiacii ii?aaeaeyaiuo niaea?aeaiee eaae?othueo aeiaaaie oaeeey;
nieceoue i?aaeaeu iaia?oaeaiey iee?ii?eianae Pb e Cd aac
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai ioaeaeaiey eo io 105-106-e?aoiiai ecauoea oaeeey;
oi?inoeoue ii?aaeaeaiea iee?ii?eiane naeioea a WO3.
Iioeiecaoeey oneiaee ecia?aiey ieeia Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl, Sb, Bi e Cu n
eniieueciaaieai ia?aiaiiioieiaie eiaa?neiiiie aieueoaiia?iiao?ee (EA) n
?YEO e aoeaoaoiiai aooa?iiai ?anoai?a (?I 5,2) a ea/anoaa oiiiaiai
yeaeo?ieeoa, a eiiieaeniia III – a ea/anoaa ianee?othuaai aaaioa
iicaieeei eneeth/eoue acaeiiua aeeyiey ii?aaeaeyaiuo yeaiaioia aeaaea
i?e neeueii ?acee/athueony eo niioiioaieyo (iai?eia?, 5000:1 aeey Zn ?
Cd, 100:1 aeey Cd ? Pb(Tl), 60:1 aeey Pb ? Tl, 1:2000 aeey Tl ?
Cu). Enneaaeiaaiea iao?ieiae/aneeo oa?aeoa?enoee ?ac?aaioaiiie
EA-iaoiaeeee iaeiia?aiaiiiai ii?aaeaeaiey Zn, Cd, Pb, Tl, Sb, Bi e Cu
iieacaei, /oi neo/aeiua iia?aoiinoe ?acoeueoaoia ii?aaeaeaiey eaaeaeiai
ec yeaiaioia ii 2- e?eoa?eth (n=40, m=4) iiae/eiythony ii?iaeueiiio
caeiio ?ani?aaeaeaiey e oa?aeoa?ecothony sr=0,17…0,02 aeey aeeaiaciia
eiioeaio?aoeee n10-9…m10-5 iieue/e. I?aaeeiaeai iiiaiyeaiaioiue
EA-iaoiae aiaeeca noeeioeeeyoeeiiiuo iaoa?eaeia (ni= n10-7 %), aiaeu
(ni= n10-4 ia/e) e aicaeooa (ni= n10-5 ia/i3).
Ii ?acoeueoaoai enneaaeiaaiee ?ac?aaioai eiiieaen
aieueoaiia?iiao?e/aneeo iaeii- e iiiaiyeaiaioiuo iaoiaeee aiaeeca, n
iiiiuueth eioi?uo ?aoai ?yae aaaeiuo aeey iaoa?eaeiaaaeaiey caaea/,
oaeeo eae
· iaae?aeiue eiio?ieue niaea?aeaiey iee?ii?eianae a aeeaiaciia n10-7…
m10-3 %;
· ioeaiea ?ani?aaeaeaiey aeoeaaoi?a (n10-6…m10-1 %) a noeeioeeeyoeeiiiuo
iiiie?enoaeeao e onoaiiaeaiea niioiioaiey aaeaioiuo oi?i aa?iiey a
e?enoaeeao KCl(Eu);
· ioeaiea ioeeiiaiey io noaoeiiao?ee ieneaea aieueo?aia (VI);
· ii?aaeaeaiea iniiaiuo eiiiiiaioia ec iaeuo iaaanie noeeioeeeyoeeiiiuo
iaoa?eaeia;
· eiio?ieue iinooieaiey e ?ani?ino?aiaiey oaoiiaaiiuo iai?aaie/aneeo
caa?yciaiee i?e i?iecaiaenoaa noeeioeeeyoeeiiiuo iaoa?eaeia.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: aieueoaiia?iiao?e/aneee aiaeec, iee?ii?eiane,
eaae?othuea aeiaaaee, iniiaiua eiiiiiaiou, oieneeaiou, ?oooiua
yeaeo?iaeu, noeeioeeeyoeeiiiua iaoa?eaeu, e?enoaeeu, ie?oaeathuay
n?aaea.
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