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Iinoeooo ineoieiai? ?i. A.N.Einothea

AII Oe?a?ie

Nooaeai?e?i Aiae??e Aiaoie?eiae/

OAeE 159.95:159.9:316.77

Aieea eiai?oeaiiai noeeth iniaenoino? ia i?ioean ni?eeoaaiiy

19.00.01 – caaaeueia ineoieia?y, ?noi??y ineoieia??

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa ineoieia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iaeanueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? ii. I.I.
Ia/ieeiaa

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee -aeieoi? ineoieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

A?eyanueeee ?eey A?eai?iae/,

Iaeanueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao

?iai? ?.?. Ia/ieeiaa,

eaoaae?a caaaeueii? oa nioeiaeueii?

ineoieia??, caa?aeoth/ee

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe -aeieoi? ineoieiai/ieo iaoe,

Oeoa?aiei Oaoyia Ieoaee?aia,

Iinoeooo nioeiaeueii? oa iieioe/ii?

ineoieiai? AII Oe?a?ie,

eaai?aoi?iy nioeiaeueii? ineoieia?? iniaenoinoi,
caa?aeoth/ee

-eaiaeeaeao ineoieiai/ieo iaoe,

aeioeaio Iia’yeaeue Iaae?y Iaai?aia, Iaoeiiiaeueiee
iaaeaaiai/iee

oiiaa?neoao ii. I. I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa eaoaae?a ineoieiai? oa
iaaeaaiaiee, aeioeaio

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa -Oa?eianueeee aea?aeaaiee oiiaa?neoao,

eaoaae?a ineoieiai?, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe

Oe?a?ie, Oa?e?a

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 22 ” /a?aiy 1999 ?ieo i 11-00 aiaeei?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?aeiciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.453.01 a Iinoeoooi
ineoieia?? ii. A. N. Einothea AII Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 252033, i.Ee?a,
aoe.Iaiuee?anueea, 2, oae.244-19-63.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo
ineoieia?? ?i. A.N.Einothea AII Oe?a?ie ( 252033, i.Ee?a,
aoe.Iaiuee?anueea, 2 ).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 22 ” o?aaiy 1999 ?ieo.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Aeaen??aa I.?.

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?iaeaia eiaiioeaieo (iiciaaaeueieo),
eiaiioeaii-noeeueiaeo oa?aeoa?enoee niieeoaaiiy iaoiiaeaia ?yaeii aeoaea
aaaeeeaeo ianoaaei. Ia?o ca ana aiia aecia/a?oueny iniaeeainoyie
no/aniiai noaio iaoiai noniieuenoaa – aeoeaioii ia ?icaeoie iniaenoinoi,
i?ii?eoaoii nioeiaeueii? aaeoci, ia?ai?i?ioaoei?th iieioe/ieo,
nioeiaeueii-aeiiiii/ieo aiaeiinei i o. ii. Oea iaaea? iniaeeaiai
cia/aiiy aeineiaeaeaiiyi, ui ni?yiiaaii ia iaea?aeaiiy oeieinieo
oyaeaiue i?i iiaaaeiieo, aeiyeueiinoue, niieeoaaiiy ethaeeie, /e?i
iaiaeiiiiei neeaaeieeii ? nioeiaeueii-ia?oeaioeaii oa ioeiii/ii
noai?aiiy.

?icaeoie iiaeia?iaeieo, iiaeiaoeiiiaeueieo, iiaeeiioanieieo aiaeiinei,
ui aeaeiee i?eeia? aino?i oa noia?a/eeai oi?ie, oaeiae ?iaeoue
iaiaoiaeiei ?icaeyae eiaiioeaieo oa eiaiioeaii-noeeueiaeo aniaeoia
niieeoaaiiy, ai a ieo ciaoiaeeoue aiaeia?aaeaiiy aeeaeiia iaoeiiiaeueia
oa nioeiaeueia eoeueoo?a, o?aaeeoei?, cae/a? ia?iaeo, – a yeui ?o ia
a?aoiaoaaoe, iaiiaeeeai ae?ioeoe aeieeath/i i?iaeaie.

Ao?oeeaee ?icaeoie aoaeiiaicoaeueieo caniaia eiioiieaoei?, eiii?thoa?ieo
oaoiieiaie, ?icea iiaeaeuaiiy ?oiuei? ?iei a nioeiaeueii-iieioe/iiio
aeeooi noniieuenoaa, a aaeoci inaioe, iaoee, ienoaoeoaa, ni?ey? ua
aieueoie aeooaeicaoei? aea/aiiy iniaeeainoae ioeiiie iioi? ethaeeie oa
naiiioeiiie, ao?eaooeaiiai iioaioeiaeo iniaenoinoi, ?? caeiaiinoae.
Ine?eueee aiie ? aaaeeeaeie neeaaeieeaie iiaaae?iee iniaenoino?, aiie
aieeaathoue ia oi?ioaaiiy ia?aco nioeiaeueii? aeieniinoi, aecia/athoue
oa?aeoa? eiioaeoia c iath, ia?aaeaa/athoue ?iaaiue aeiai?e aei ?icieo
aeaea?ae iioi?iaoei?, aiaeiioaiiy aei ieo, caaacia/othoue i?aaiicaoeith
cai?ioieo ca?yceia a onio oi?iao oa ?iciiaeaeao aca?iiaei?.

A inoaiiie /an a ca?yceo c ?icaeoeii i?aeoeee nioeiaeueiiai iaa/aiiy,
nioeiaeueii-ineoieiai/iiai o?aiiiao, iiaeaioiaee iniaenoinoi aei ?icieo
aeaeia aeiyeueiinoi, eieueeinoue ieoaiue, aaaeeeaeo aeey aaeoci
niieeoaaiiy, cia/ii ae?inea. Iiynith?oueny oea, a ia?oo /a?ao, oei, ui
ineoieiae-i?aeoeee cioeioeenue c ooiaeaiaioaeueiith iiieeeith –
iaaeiioeiieith ?iei nioeiaeueii-ia?oeaioeaieo yaeu, ioeiii/ieo
aiaeiioaiue a i?aaiicaoei? iianyeaeaiiiai niieeoaaiiy. Ei?aeoeiy oaeeo
iiieeie i?aeoe/ii iaiiaeeeaa, yeui ineoieia, ineoioa?aiaao, aaaeo/ee
o?aiiiaiaeo a?oi ia ia? ciaiue i?i oi?ioaaiiy no?oeoo?e oa ciinoo
ioeiiie oa naiiioeiiie, noaiiaeaiiy aoieiaoeaieo oaiaeaioeie
iniaenoinoi, aca?iica?ycie eiaiioeaiiai noeeth oa iioeaaoei?
niieeoaaiiy.

?ioith ianoaaeiith, ui aei? ia aeooaeicaoeith aea/aiiy aieeao
eiaiioeaii-noeeueiaeo iniaeeainoae iniaenoinoi ia oa?aeoa? niieeoaaiiy,
? eiaiea ?icaeoeo naii? ineoieiai?. Ooo i?iyaey?oueny ia?ai?i?ioaoeiy a
aie aeineiaeaeaiiy aca?iiaei? iniaenoinoi oa a?oie, aca?iiaieeao
iniaenoinoi oa niieeoaaiiy, niieeoaaiiy oa niieueii? aeiyeueiinoi. A
?acoeueoaoi iineeeeany oeieaainoue aei oeo aniaeoia niieeoaaiiy, yei
ni?aaeythoue aaciina?aaeiie aieea ia a?oiiai i?ioeane, niieueio
aeiyeueiinoue. I?eioeeiiaiai cia/aiiy iaaoea i?iaeaia
iiaeeaiaeoaeueiinoi a i?ioeani iiciaiiy nioeiaeueii? aeieniinoi,
?icaeoeo ?? nioeiaeueii-ia?oeaioeaii? noa?e.

?ioa?an ineoieiaia aei eiaiioeaiiai noeeth iia?ycaiee c eiai
anai?iieeath/ei aieeaii ia ?icii aniaeoe iiaaaeiiee ethaeeie (A.?
Ianoaeeenea?, I.A?eao, A.Eieaa, I.A.Aniieia, A.I.Aeeaoaa?aeia,
I.A.Ni??iia; I.Neulipp, W.Powers, M.Bertini oa ?i.). Ciath/e eiaiioeaiee
noeeue ethaeeie, iiaeia ?iaeoe i?iaiic noiniaii aaaaoueio iniaeeainoae
?? aeiyeueiinoi a aaeoci inaioe, i?aoei (O.A.Ni?a??ueiaa, E.I.Ieaoii,
A.E.THaeai?iiaa, I.I.Oieiaeia; F.McKenna, C.Groot, W.Crockett, D.Orr oa
?i.). Ia?ic?iaeaiinoue i?iaeaie ca?yceo eiaiioeaiiai noeeth oa
niaoeeoiee niieeoaaiiy ye a oai?aoe/iiio, oae i a i?aeoe/iiio ieaii, i?i
yeo aiai?youe oaei ineoieiae, ye I.N.?ai?iaa, A.A.??oia, ?.I.Eiceiaa,
I.N.?iaia?i, I.I.Oieiaeia; B.Johnson, M.Nias, E.Berger oa ?i., a oaeiae
ia??eoeaia iaiaoiaeiinoue aeineiaeaeaiue a aeaiiio iai?yieo e coiiaeee
aeai? oaie iaoi? aeena?oaoei? “Aieea eiaiioeaiiai noeeth iniaenoinoi ia
i?ioean niieeoaaiiy”.

Ca‘ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, oaiaie, ieaiaie. ?iaioa aeeiiaia
a iaaeao i?iaeaiii? oaie eaoaae?e ineoieiai? Iaeanueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ii. I.I. Ia/ieeiaa “?ieue ineoieiai/ii? inaioe o
noaiiaeaiii oa ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? iaea? o naiaeiiinoi iaoeiiiaeueieo
iaioei Oe?a?ie”. Iiia? aea?ae?a?no?aoei? 0197U017689. I?ioean aeoiaaiiy,
iaa/aiiy, a oiio /enei e ineoieiai/iiai, aeeth/a? aei naaa niieeoaaiiy
iiae aeaiia ethaeueie. Oi?ioaaiiy oe?a?inueei? iaea? iaiiaeeeaa aac
a?aooaaiiy iiaeeaiaeoaeueiinoi ethaeeie. A iie aiaeia?aaea?oueny
eoeueoo?a, o?aaeeoei?, cae/a? inia ?icieo iaoeiiiaeueiinoae, iniaeeainoi
iiciaaaeueieo iaoaiiciia, eiaiioeaiiai noeeth, yeee aieeaa? ia oa?aeoa?
nioeiaeueii-ia?oeaioeaieo oa ioeiii/ieo ooai?aiue.

Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? eiai?oeaiee noeeue ye i?iya iniaeno?nii?
i?aai?caoe?? oa aieea eiai ia i?ioean ni?eeoaaiiy.

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – ineoieia?/i? i?iyae ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo
eiai?oeaii-noeeueiaeo iniaeeainoae iniaenoino? a noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy: – ?ice?eoe ?iaeea?aeoaeuei? eiai?oeaii-noeeueia?
iniaeeaino? iniaenoino?, oa?aeoa? ?o i?iyaeaiue oa iiaeeeaino?
ineoieia?/iiai i?iaiico a noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy.

Iniiai? a?iioace iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oae?:

· iaoai?ci eiai?oeaiiai noeeth i?iyaey?oueny a oa?aeoa?enoeeao ia?aco
?ioeo ethaeae ? naiiai naaa, aieeaath/e oei naiei ? ia iiaaae?ieo
?iaeea?aea a noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy;

· ni?eueiei ciaiaiieeii ia?aiao??a eiai?oeaiiai noeeth: iieacaeaaeiino?
– iieaiacaeaaeiino?, iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? oa eiai?oeaii?
neeaaeiino?, – iiaea aooe nooi?iue aiae?oe/iino? ni?eeiyooy
iaaeieeoiueiai na?oo.

O a?aeiia?aeiino? c iinoaaeaiith iaoith e a?iioacaie
aecia/aii ianooii? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy:

1) i?iaiae?coaaoe oai?aoe/i? eiioeaioe??, a ?aieao yeeo
aeieeei e ?icaeaa?oueny iiiyooy eiai?oeaiiai noeeth, iieacaoe
noia?a/eea?noue e iaiaeiicia/i?noue ?icoi?iiy eiai i?e?iaee oa i?noea a
no?oeoo?? iniaenoino?;

2) aeae?eeoe oi?iaeuei? oa?aeoa?enoeee nioe?aeueii?
ia?oeaioe??, ui a?aeiia?aeathoue i?iyaeaiith i?e?iaee eiai?oeaiiai
noeeth, oa aenia?eiaioaeueii cao?eoaaoe ca?ycie i?ae iniaeeainoyie
nioe?aeueii? ia?oeaioe?? oa ??ciiiai?oieie ia?aiao?aie eiai?oeaiiai
noeeth; auyaeoe ineoieia?/i? iaoai?cie, ui iaoiiaeththoue oe? ca?ycee;

3) ?ice?eoe iniaeeainoi i?iyaia eiaiioeaiiai noeeth, eiai
ca?ycie c iioeaaoe??th iiaaaeiiee iiaeeaiaeia i?e niieeoaaiii;

4) onoaiiaeoe oa?aeoa? aca?iica?yceo i?ae ia?aiao?aie
eiaiioeaiiai noeeth oa aecia/eoe ?o ?ieue a ineoieia?/iiio i?iaiicoaaii?
i?ioeano ni?eeoaaiiy.

Oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaee ?aea? eiai?oeaii?
ineoieia?? a?aeiinii ni?eeoaaiiy ye ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai iai?io (?.E?aonn,
N.Oaiiii, Ae.E?ianao??, O.Oaeaea?, E.*a??? oa ?i.), ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo
iniaeeainoae ni?eeiyooy (A.O?oe?i, Aeae.Eaee?, ?.Aa?aeia?, Aeae.Eeaei,
Ae.?ien, A.I.Aeeaoaa?aeia oa ii.), aeeniiceoe?eii? oai??? iniaenoino?
(A.Ieii?o, ?.Eaooaee, A.Aecaie, A.A.ssaeia oa ii.), eiioeaiooaeuei?
iieiaeaiiy nenoaiiiai i?aeoiaeo, cie?aia a eiai aeei?enoaii? aei
aeine?aeaeaiiy iniaenoino?, ae?yeueiino? oa ni?eeoaaiiy (I.A.Aniieia,
A.A.Aiaiue?a, A.O.Eiiia oa ii.), ?icoi?iiy ni?eeoaaiiy ye oiiae
oi?ioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? (E.N.Aeaionueeee, I.I.Eaiioue?a,
A.I.Iyn?uaa, N.E.?oa?iooaei oa ?i.), ae?aeia?/iino? ni?eeoaaiiy
(E.?.Aioeeouei?iaa, E.A.?aaec?oianueeee, A.A.A?ooe?inueeee oa ?i.),
?icaeyae ethaeeie ye noa??eoa aeanii? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?
(E.I.Aaoeueoaiiaa-Neaanueea, A.N.Einothe, I.I.Eaiioue?a,
N.Ae.Iaeneiaiei, ?.A.Aaeyanueeee, N.E.?oa?iooaei, O.I.O?oa?aiei oa ?i.),
oyaeaiiy i?i aeaoa?i?iiaai?noue i?ioeano noaiiaeaiy iniaenoino? oeyoii
oi?ioaaiiy ?? yeinoae (A.A.Iao?ianueeee, A.A.Naie/aiei, I.A.*aiae?aa,
I.?.Iia?yeaeue oa ?i.), oai?/ii iioaioe?ae? iniaenoino?
(E.N.Aeaionueeee, A.I.Iieyei, ss.I.Iiiiia?ueia oa ?i.), a oaeiae
iaoai?ci?a oi?ioaaiiy iiiyoue (E.N.Aeaionueeee, Aeae.A?oia?, ?.Oaeaoae,
E. Ao?i oa ii).

Aeey ?ice?eooy noi?aeieo caaaeaiue ? ia?aa??ee a?iioac aeei?enoiaoaaany
eiiieaen aca?iiaeiiiaithth/eo iaoiae?a ? iaoiaee/ieo i?eeii?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy: oai?aoe/iee aiae?c iaoeiaeo aeaea?ae c i?iaeaie
aeineiaeaeaiiy; iieueia? niinoa?aaeaiiy; oanoe: “AEO-70”, “O?ao?ee
Aioooaeueaea”, aaoa?ay oano?a Aaenea?a, “Iano?oeooeiaai? iaethiee” ?
“Oe?ioa eeaneo?eaoe??” ca ?. Eaooaeeii, ?ai-oano, iiaeeo?oe?eiaaiee
aa??aio ?ai-oanoo (aeey ae?aaiinoeee iioeaaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy);
iieooaaeueieee: 16-oaeoi?iee iieooaaeueiee Eaooaeea (oi?ia A),
iieooaaeueiee A. Aecaiea, iieooaaeueiee Ni?eaa?aa?a (aeey aei??thaaiiy
iniaeno?nii? o?eaiaeiino?); iaoiaeeee: ni?ooaaiiy ia’?eo?a ca
?.Aa?aeia?ii, “Ioe?iea aeanoeainoae” ? “Oeaea iiey?ieo noaeaeaiue”
(niaoe?aeueii ?ic?iaeai?), niaoe?aeueia iaoiaeeea aeey aeyao ia’?io
ni?eeoaaiiy.

Iaaeieiinoue oa ai?iaiaeiinoue ?acoeueoaoia aeineiaeaeaiiy
caaacia/oaaeanue ?ai?acaioaoeaiinoth aeai?ee (229 aeineiaeaeoaaieo),
ia‘?eoeaieiei iaoiaeaie aeiaaiinoeee, oanoaie, aaeaeaaoieie iaoi oa
caaaeaiiyi aeineiaeaeaiiy, ia?aai?eith eiie?aoieo ?acoeueoaoia ca
aeiiiiiaith ?icieo iaoiaeee, yeiniei oa oi/iei aiaeicii aii???/ieo
aeaieo.

Ia?aaioea oa iaai? aeaieo caeieniaii o oaenoiaiio ?aaeaeoi?i Word 7.0
aeey Windows 95.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe iieyaa? a ?ice?eoo? iiaeeeainoae i?iaiicoaaiiy a
noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy ia canaaeao oi/iiai aei??o eiai?oeaiiai noeeth;
aeyaeaiii ca’yce?a eiai?oeaiiai noeeth c iniaeeainoyie nioe?aeueii?
ia?oeaioe?? oa i?iyaia ?o o eiioiieaoeaiie aeiyeueiinoi, ?ice?eoo?
ineoieia?/ieo iaoai?ci?a, ui i?ecaiaeyoue aei ooai?aiiy oeeo ca?yceia.
I?iaiae?ciaai? iniaeeaino? aeayeeo ia?aiao??a eiaiioeaiiai noeeth,
iieacai oa?aeoa? aca?iia?aeiinei i?ae ieie. Aeae?eai? oi?iaeuei?
oa?aeoa?enoeee nioe?aeueii? ia?oeaioe??, ui a?aeiia?aeathoue i?iya?
i?e?iaee eiai?oeaiiai noeeth. Ciaeaeai ca?ycie i?ae noeeueiaeie oa
ci?noiaieie iniaeeainoyie ni?eeiyooy nioe?aeueiiai na?oo. Iieacai aieea
eiai?oeaiiai noeeth ia iioeaaoe?th ni?eeoaaiiy. Aeaeieaii aeaa
i?ioeeaaeii iniaenoinii oeie c iniaeeainoyie aoaeoaaiiy oaeoeee
iiaaaeiiee a i?ioeani niieeoaaiiy.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy. A ae?na?oaoe?? cae?enith?oueny i?aeo?ae aei
aea/aiiy nioe?aeueii? ia?oeaioe?? ? aoaeoaaiiy oaeoeee iiaaae?iee a
noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy c aieo aioo?ueiineo?/ieo iaoai?ci?a, ui aeaei
iiaeeea?noue aeine?aeaeoaaoe i?ioeanoaeuei? oa?aeoa?enoeee i?ciaiiy
ethaeeiith naaa oa ?ioeo, a oaeiae niin?a oi?ioaaiiy ?? iiaaae?iee a
noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy. Eiiieaeniee oa anaai/iee aiaeic eiaiioeaiiai noeeth
iaaeaa iiaeeea?noue anoaiiaeoe oa?aeoa? ca?yce?a i?ae ??ciiiai?oieie
ia?aiao?aie ? ?icaeyaeaoe nooi?iue aiae?oe/iino? ni?eeiyooy
iaaeieeoiueiai na?oo ye ?o ni?eueiee ciaiaiiee, ui ni?ey? a?eueo
iiaeeaeaiiio ?icoiiiith i?e?iaee eiai?oeaiiai noeeth. Iieacai ca‘ycie c
iioeie iniaenoinieie aeanoeainoyie. Aea/aiiy i?e?iaee eiai?oeaiiai
noeeth iaaeaei iiaeeea?noue anoaiiaeoe eiai aca?iicaeaaei?noue c
iioeaaoe??th iiaaae?iee, ui aeyaey? naaa, cae?aia, ? a noa??
ni?eeoaaiiy.: a ci?no? iioea?a ni?aeeoaaiiy ? oi?iaeueii-aeeiai?/ieo
aiaeoao ni?eeoaaiiy. Oeae i?aeo?ae a oe?eiio ni?ey? e?auiio
?icoiiiith naii? iniaenoinoi oa ?? iiaaae?iee i?e ni?eeoaaii?.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy. Oai?aoe/ii iieiaeaiiy, aiii?e/ii ?acoeueoaoe oa
aeniiaee, ui aeeeaaeaii o aeena?oaoeieiie ?iaioi, aeathoue ciiao ia
iniiai oi/iiai aeii?thaaiiy eiaiioeaiiai noeeth ?iaeoe i?iaiic aaaaoueio
iniaeeainoae iiaaaeiiee ethaeeie a i?ioeani niieeoaaiiy, ui ia? aaeeea
cia/aiiy:

– a aaeoci inaioe, ?iaeea?aeoae?caoe?? i?ioeano iaa/aiiy, o oiio /ene? ?
ineoieia?/iiai, ei?aeooaaiiy aeoiaiiai i?ioeano;

– a ineoioa?aiaaoe/i?e i?aeoeoe?, a ineoieiai/iiio eiinoeueooaaii?,
o?a?iaao nioe?aeueiiai iaa/aiiy – aeey aeinyaiaiiy iaeneiaeueiiai
oni?oo. A oeueiio ?ac? aaaeeeaei ? ye a?aooaaiiy eiai?oeaiiai noeeth
iaoe??ioa oa aieea eiai ia ni?eeoaaiiy c ineoioa?aiaaoii a i?ioean?
ineoioa?aiaaoe/iiai naaino, oae ? iie?auaiiy eiioi?eaoeaiiai iioaioe?aeo
iaoe??ioa aieeaaiiyi ia eiai eiai?oeaii-noeeueia? iniaeeaino?;

– i?e i?ioanieiiio a?aeai?? (i?ioi?eaeaoi?noue, aeya noeeaiue aei
aeayeeo i?ioan?e) – aeey iaea?eueo oi/iiai aecia/aiiy ineoieia?/ieo
yeinoae ethaeeie;

– a aaeoc? cania?a ianiai? eiioi?eaoe??. Aac a?aooaaiiy ineoieia?/ieo
iniaeeainoae ni?eeiyooy, iaoai?ci?a ia?a?iaee ?ioi?iaoe??: caeii?a
oi?ioaaiiy ia?aco, eaoaai??caoe??, aeianaiiy noaeaeaiue e o. ?i.,
iaiiaeeeaee i?aaeeueiee i?aea?? oa no?oeoo?oaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? i?e
iiaeaii? iia?aeiieaiiy, aecia/aiiy yeinoae eiioi?eaoi?a, eaiaeia ?
cania?a ia?aaea/? ?ioi?iaoe??.

E??i oiai, ?acoeueoaoe, iaea?aeai? a aeena?oaoe?eiiio aeine?aeaeaii?,
aoee aeei?enoai? i?e i?aeaioiaoe? eo?no c eiai?oeaii? ineoieia??, a
oaeiae niaoeeo?no c eiai?oeaieo noee?a ia oaeoeueoaoao ineoieia??;
i?eeeaaeii? e?iaa?noeee; iaoaiaoeee, aeiiii?ee oa iaoai?ee IAeO ?i.
?.?.Ia/ieeiaa; i?e i?aeaioiaoe? i?aeoe/ieo ineoieia?a.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ye? aeiinyoueny ia caoeno:

1. I?ae aieeaii ?yaeo ciai?oi?o ? aioo??oi?o oaeoi??a o ?iaeea?ae?a
oi?io?oueny noeeuei?noue aei eaoaai?ecaoe?? ia’?eo?a ia iaaiiio ??ai?
ocaaaeueiaiino?, ui neeaaea? iniiao eiai?oeaiiai noeeth.

2. Noiniaii noa?e nioe?aeueii? ia?oeaioe?? oey noeeuei?noue
i?iyaey?oueny a ?io?a- e ?ioa?ia?niiaeuei?e aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino?
(i?aee?aneaii? /e o??aithaaii? a?aei?iiinoae i?e ni?eeiyoo? e
ioe?ioe? ?ioeo ethaeae, a oaeiae i?e ni?anoaaeaii? naaa c
ioi/oth/eie).

3. A?aei?iiino? a nooiai? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? nioe?aeueiiai na?oo o
in?a c ??cieie eiai?oeaieie noeeyie ia?aaeaa/athoue iniaeeaino?
i?iya?a ?o iiaaae?iee a noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy:

· a ia’?i? ?aaeueiiai ni?eeoaaiiy (ca /anii ? ca e?euee?noth
ia?oia??a);

· a ci?noiaeo oa?aeoa?enoeeao ia?acia ?ioeo ethaeae ? naiiai
naaa;

· a ia?aaac? iaaieo iioea?a ni?eeoaaiiy, a oi?iaeueii-aeeiai?/ieo
aniaeoao ni?eeoaaiiy.

4. Iniae c i?ioeeaaeiei eiai?oeaiei noeeai iathoue ?iaiee oniio a
nioeiaeueiie aca?iiaei?.

5. I?ae ??cieie ia?aiao?aie eiai?oeaiiai noeeth ?nio? iaaiee
aca?iica’ycie.

6.Ia?aiao?e eiai?oeaiiai noeeth iiaeooue aooe ?ioa?i?aoiaai? a oa?i?iao
ioe?ii/ii-aei??thaaeueieo oeae.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
aeiiia?aeaeenue ? iaaiai?thaaeenue ia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo i?aeia?iaeieo
eiioa?aioe?yo a i.Ee?a? (1997,1998), ia II c’?cae? Oiaa?enoaa ineoieia?a
Oe?a?ie (Ee?a, 1996), anaoe?a?inuee?e eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo iaoeiaeo
i?aoe?aiee?a (Ee?a, 1998), anaoe?a?inuee?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe??
“Ineoieia?y naiina?aeiiino?: ?noi??y, no/aniee noai ? ia?niaeoeae
?icaeoeo” (Ee?a, 1998), ia V Einotheianueeeo /eoaiiyo (Ee?a, 1999), ia
can?aeaiiyo eaoaae?e ineoieia?? Iaeanueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?i. ?.?.Ia/ieeiaa.

Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoaoia aeineiaeaeaiiy. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?? aoee
aeei?enoai? i?e i?aeaioiaoe? eo?no c eiai?oeaii? ineoieia??, niaoeeo?no
c eiai?oeaieo noee?a, ia oaeoeueoaoao i?eeeaaeii? e?iaa?noeee;
iaoaiaoeee, aeiiii?ee oa iaoai?ee; ia ineoieiai/iiio aiaeaeieaii? IAeO
?i. ?.?. Ia/ieeiaa, i?e i?aeaioiaoe? i?aeoe/ieo ineoieiaia.

Ioaeieaoei?. I?iaeaie oa ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoeieiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
a?aeia?aaeai? a 5 ioae?eaoe?yo.

No?oeoo?a ? ianya aeena?oaoe??. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c anooio, /ioe?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e, yeee ia?aoiao?
229 iaeiaioaaiue, /ioe?ueio aeiaeaoe?a. Iniiaio /anoeio aeena?oaoe??
aeeiiaii ia 156 noi??ieao, iiaiee ianya – 183 noi??iie; i?noeoue 6
oaaeeoeue (4 noi?.).

Iniiaiee ciino ?iaioe

O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aea?? oaie, ?? aeooaeuei?noue, aecia/a?oueny
i?aaeiao, iaoa, a?iioace, iaoiaee e iaoiaee/i? i?eeiie aeine?aeaeaiiy,
?ice?eaa?oueny iaoeiaa iiaecia, oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe,
oi?ioeththoueny iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno, iaaiaeyoueny aeai?
i?i ai?iaaoe?th e i?iaaaeaiiy a i?aeoeeo ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy, iieno?oueny no?oeoo?a e ianya aeena?oaoe??.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Caaaeuei? i?iaeaie aea/aiiy eiai?oeaiiai noeeth”
?icaeyaeathoueny aeaa iniiaieo i?aeoiaee aei aea/aiiy eiai?oeaiiai
noeeth. Ia?oee ?nio? a ?aieao aaooaeueoineoieia?/ii? oeiee (A.O?oe?i;
Ae.Aoaeiao oa ?i.) ? ?ic?iaey? ia?aiao?
iieacaeaaei?noue-iieaiacaeaaei?noue. Ae?oaee – ineoiaiae?oe/ii?
(?.Aa?aeia?; Aeae.Eeaei; O.Aieueoeiai oa ?i.) – ? ?icaeyaea? eiai?oeaiee
noeeue ye aca?iioii?yaeeiaaio nenoaio eiai?oeaieo aooeothae?a, yea
noai?th? iniaeeaee no?oeoo?iee ??aaiue iniaenoino?. Nthaee
a?aeiinyoueny: iiiyo?eia aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?noue,
?aoeaeneai?noue-?iioeueneai?noue ? o. i. I?eeeaaeii ua iaeiiai iai?yieo
a aeine?aeaeaii? eiai?oeaiiai noeeth ? eiai?oeaia neeaaei?noue-i?inoioa
(Ae.A???), a iniia? yei? eaaeeoue oai??y iniaeno?nieo eiino?oeo?a
Aeae.Eaee?.

I?e an?e ??cieoe? a ci?no? oai?aoe/ieo eiioeaioe?e ? a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo i?ioeaaeo?ao, ye? aeei?enoiaothoueny aeey
aei??thaaiiy ia?aiao??a eiai?oeaiiai noeeth, aeacai? i?aeoiaee aei ?o
aea/aiiy i?noyoue ? caaaeuei? ?ene. Eiai?oeaii-noeeueia? iniaeeaino?
?icoi?thoueny an?ia aaoi?aie ye iniaeno?ni? ooai?aiiy, ui iathoue cia/io
aaia?ae?ciaai?noue ? i?iyaeythoueny a ??ciiiai?oieo oa?aeoa?enoeeao
iiaaae?iee a ??cieo noa?ao ae?yeueiino?.

Aea?oueny aiae?c noeeth ae?yeueiino? (A.N.Ia?e?i ? ?.A.Eeeiia;
A.?.Ianoa?e?nea? ? A.?.Aeeeiiieuenueeee; A.A.Aiaiue?a). Eiai?oeaiee
noeeue ?aaoeth? eiai?oeai? i?ioeane (ni?eeiyooy, ieneaiiy, iai’youe oa
?i.). Ae?yeuei?noue – a?eueo neeaaeia ineo?/ia yaeua, i?ae i?ioean, aiia
aeeth/a? a naaa aaaaoi i?ioean?a. Oaeei /eiii, noeeue ae?yeueiino?
iiaeiai i?noeoe a nia? i?iyae ??cieo i?ioeanoaeueieo noee?a, o oiio
/ene? e eiai?oeaieo. Oae, a noee? ni?eeoaaiiy, ye a /anoeiaiio aeae?
noeeth ae?yeueiino?, i?iyaeythoueny iniaeeaino? ? eiai?oeaiiai noeeth
(I.A?eao ? A.Eieaa; A.A.Aniieia; A.I.Aeeaoaa?aeia; A.I.Ni??iia).

Aoee ?icaeyioo? oai?aoe/i? e aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy ??cieo
aaoi??a (O.Iae-Eaiiae; A.I.Oaieia; A.O?oe?i; O.Aa?iii; A.Eeae?n;
E.A?iio; A.E?aiaeaee ? *.Neieeaeai; I.A.Oieiaeia; A.I.Aeoi/aa oa
?.I.Iaeae) c ?ic??ciaiiy i?e?iaee cae?aiinoae ?
eiai?oeaii-noeeueiaeo iniaeeainoae iniaenoino?, a oaeiae aeyaeaiiy
ca’yceo eiai?oeaiiai noeeth c ?ioaeaeooaeueiei oni?oii.

Aeania aii??e/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy aeyaeei ianooii? ?acoeueoaoe. Iieacieee
iieaiacaeaaeiino? iaea?eueo o?nii ei?aethaaee c aa?aaeueiei ?ioaeaeoii,
oi/a ne?ae aoei a /aeaoe oaeiai ca’yceo i?ae iaaa?aaeueiei ?ioaeaeoii.
Ni?anoaaeaiiy iieaciee?a iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? e ?ioaeaeoa
aeyaeei iaeaea iiaio a?aenooi?noue ca’yceo i?ae ieie, ui aiai?eoue i?i
a?eueoo aaoiiii?th oeueiai ia?aiao?a eiai?oeaiiai noeeth a?ae ??aiy
?ioaeaeoo. Niinoa??aa?oueny iaa?oue oaiaeaioe?y aei iaaaoeaiiai ca’yceo
i?ae iiiyo?eiith aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?noth e aa?aaeueiei ?ioaeaeoii. Iiaeia
i?eionoeoe, ui iiini?aaeeiaaiith eaieith i?ae ieie ? cae?ai?noue aei
ocaaaeueiaiiy, yea eaaeeoue a iniia? aa?aaeueiiai ?ioaeaeoo.

Oaeei /eiii, ieoaiiy i?i nooi?iue iacaeaaeiino? eiai?oeaiiai noeeth a?ae
??aiy ?ioaeaeoo e e?aaoeaiino? iiaeiii ae??ooaaoeny aeey eiaeiiai
ia?aiao?a ie?aii, iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui ia ia?oee iiaeyae i?ae ieie ?
aeecueea noiae?noue.

Ui noino?oueny ca’yceo eiai?oeaiiai noeeth c oni?oii o iaa/aii?, oi ooo
iiaeia aiai?eoe i?i oa, ui iieaiacaeaaei? ?iaeea?aee iathoue a?eueoo
cae?ai?noue aei iaa/aiiy, ui aeinyaa?oueny caaaeyee aeia?iio
no?oeoothaaiith iaoa??aea. Ca’ycie iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? c
oni?oii o iaa/aii? iaio iaeiicia/iee (N.Aae; ?.?icaino?aoai ?
A.Iioae??; I.I?ac; A.O?aie ? E.Eae?a).

Aeine?aeaeaiiy ca’yce?a eiai?oeaiiai noeeth c ??aiai ?ioaeaeoo ?
cae?ai?noth aei iaa/aiiy aeathoue iiaeeea?noue e?aua ona?aeiieoe
iaoai?cie ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino?, ?iciaaeoaaoe cae?aiino? e
?ino?oiaioaeuei? iniaeeaino? iniaenoino?: no?aoaa??, oaeoeee e noee?
ia?a?iaee ?ioi?iaoe??. Aeyaeaiiy ca’yce?a i?ae eiai?oeaiei noeeai ?
iniaeeainoyie iaa/aiiy iiaea noaoe iniiaith aeey ?iaeea?aeoae?caoe??
oeueiai i?ioeano c iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy eiai aoaeoeaiino?.

I?iaiae?ciaaii ?iaioe, i?enay/ai? ni?anoaaeaiith eiai?oeaiiai noeeth c
aeanoeainoyie iniaenoino?, ye? iathoue a?aeiioaiiy aei oi?ie
i?aeiniaeno?nii? aca?iiae??: ?io?iaa?n??th, cae?ai?noth aei aiiao??,
eiioi?iiinoueth, o?eaiaei?noth oa ?i. (I.Aaen ? N.A?aia?; E.A?iio;
O.Aaain ? Ae.Oaei; A.Eieaa oa ?i.), a oaeiae aeania ei?aeyoe?eia
aeine?aeaeaiiy ii aeyao ca’yce?a iieaiacaeaaeiino? c aeanoeainoyie
iniaenoino?, ye? aeyaeyeenue c aeiiiiiaith 16-oaeoi?iiai
ieoaeueieea Eaooaeea (oi?ia A).

I?aenoiiaoth/e aeai? ??cieo aaoi??a ? aeani? aeai?, iiaeia c?iaeoe
aeniiaie i?i oa, ui /ei a?eueoa ?ic??ciythoueny iaoiaee aecia/aiiy
aeanoeainoae iniaenoino? e eiai?oeaiiai noeeth, eio?? ni?anoaaeythoueny
c iei, oei iaio a??ia?aeiee ca’ycie i?ae ieie. Cia/ii a?eueoee ca’ycie
i?ae iieacieeaie eiai?oeaiiai noeeth e aeanoeainoyie iniaenoino?
aeyaey?oueny i?e aeei?enoaii? i?iya?a aeanoeainoae iiaaae?iee
(iai?eeeaae, /anoioe ioeueno aeey aecia/aiiy o?eaiaeiino?). E??i oiai,
eiai?oeaiee noeeue ia caiaeeoueny aei iaei??? aeanoeaino?, iaa?oue aei
oaei? aeiaaeueii? ye o?eaiaei?noue /e aeno?aaa?n?y. A?i yaey? niaith
niin?a ia?a?iaee ?ioi?iaoe?? e oiio i?iyaey?oueny a?eueoa oai, aea ?
ae?y (?aaeueia iiaaae?iea, ia’?eoeai? oanoe), a ia ?aoeaen?y
(ieoaeueieee). Ia?aiao?e eiai?oeaiiai noeeth iiaeooue ciaoiaeeoeny a
??cieo aca?ieiao c ??aiai ?ioaeaeoo e ie?aieie aeanoeainoyie
iniaenoino?, ui iiynith?oueny iniaeeainoyie ?o i?e?iaee. Oiio eiaeai
ia?aiao? eiai?oeaiiai noeeth iiaeiai ?icaeyaeaoeny ye ie?aiee iieaciee
iniaeno?nii? i?aai?caoe??, ui ia caiaeeoueny aei ?ioeo.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Aieea iieacaeaaeiino?-iieaiacaeaaeiino? e
iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? ia ?iaeea?aeoaeuei? iniaeeaino?
ni?eeoaaiiy” ?icaeyaea?oueny iieacaeaaei?noue-iieaiacaeaaei?noue ? ??
i?iyae a iiaaae?ioe? o noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy. Ia iniia? aeaieo aaaaoueio
aaoi??a i?i i?iyae iieacaeaaeiiai-iieaiacaeaaeiiai noeeth a ?aaeuei?e
iiaaae?ioe? a i?ioean? ni?eeoaaiiy e iniaeeainoyo ni?eeiyooy naaa e
?ioeo ethaeae (A.O?oe?i ? Ae.Aoaeeiao; O.Ei?/ei; ?.Iieeae ? A.Eieaa;
E.A?thioaeueae ? Oaia ?aia E?i; I.Aa?o?i?; ?.Naaaoaee? oa ?i.) aeae?eaii
aeaa iniiaieo iiiaioe. A naia, iieaiacaeaaei? ?iaeea?aee a a?eueo?e i???
i???ioiaai? ia ni?eeoaaiiy, a iieaiacaeaaei? – ?iia?niiaeueii
i???ioiaai?. Ia?o? i?aaiooue caeiaooe iaiao?aeio ?ioi?iaoe?th a ?ioeo
ethaeae ? oiio i?eeeaaeathoue aaaaoi coneeue ia anoaiiaeaiiy c ieie
oi?ioeo a?aeiinei, a ae?oa? ae?thoue naiino?eii e aeaiiino?othoue
iacaeaaei?noue a?ae ioi/oth/eo.

? iieacaeaaei?, ? iieaiacaeaaei? ?iaeea?aee ? ??aieie a nioe?aeuei?e
eiiiaoaioiino?. Oi/a, ye iiaea caeaoeny, iieacaeaaei? e?aua
anoaiiaeththoue eiioaeoe c ?ioeie ethaeueie, iaeia/a, a aeayeeo
neooaoe?yo aiie ia caaaeaee ? aaaeaieie ia?oia?aie, ? ia?aaaaa
iaaea?oueny iieaiacaeaaeiei. sseui ?icaeyaeaoe in?a c ??ciei
eiai?oeaiei noeeai c oi/ee ci?o ?o i?ioan?eii? eiiiaoaioiino?, oi ? o?,
? ?io? a ??ai?e i??? iiaeooue iaieiae?oe niaoe?aeuei?noth, ui iio?aao?
anoaiiaeaiiy i?aeiniaeno?nieo a?aeiinei (iai?eeeaae, a/eoaeue,
ineoioa?aiaao). Iniiai? a?aei?iiino? i?noyoueny a iniaeeainoyo ?o noeey
ni?eeoaaiiy, eio?? ciaoiaeyoueny o a?aeiia?aeiino? c iaaiei
eiai?oeaiei noeeai..

Ioaea, a?aei?iiino? i?ae iieacaeaaeieie e iieaiacaeaaeieie iinyoue ia
??aiaaee oa?aeoa?, i?e yeiio iaei? ioe?iththoueny aeua ?ioeo, a
noeeueiaee, oiaoi oie, yeee iieyaa? a ??cieoe? niinia?a
aeeiiaiiy iaeii? e oi? ae ae?yeueiino? i?e iaeiaeia?e yeino?
?acoeueoaoa.

?ice?eaa?oueny aieea eiai?oeaii-noeeueiaeo iniaeeainoae ia oa?aeoa?
aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? ni?eeiyooy oa ioe?iee naaa e ?ioeo ethaeae.
Aeyaeaii, ui nooi?iue aiae?oe/iino? ni?eeiyooy, yeee ia’?aeio? a nia?
aanue eiiieaen ?icaeyiooeo ia?aiao??a eiai?oeaiiai noeeth, aeyaey?oueny
a ?ioa?- oa ?io?aia?niiaeuei?e aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? (noaa?eueiino?,
aa??aoeaiino? ioe?iee, ?aeaioeo?eaoe??).

Aaee/eia aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? a ioe?ioe? ia’?eo?a i?eionea?
aca?iica’ycie c i???ioiaiith ae?yeuei?noth, ine?eueee i???ioiaia
?aaeoe?y aenooia? ianaiia?aae ye a?aeaoe ia iia? noeioee. Ioaea, /ei
a?eueoa aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?noue ni?eeiyooy ia’?eo?a, oei a?eueoa ?o
e?euee?noue ni?eeia?oueny ye iia?, oiaoi o?, ui aeeeeeathoue i???ioiaio
?aaeoe?th.

Oaeee iaoai?ci i?eionea? ? aca?iica’ycie i?ae o?eaiaei?noth ?
eiai?oeaiei noeeai. Aaeaea noai o?eaiaeiino? aeieea? a neooaoe??
iaiaaiino?, oeueiio ? i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy a oe?eiio ?yae? aeine?aeaeaiue
(N.Ni?eaa?aa?). C ?ioiai aieo, o?eaiaei?noue ?icaeyaea?oueny ye noai
aeoeaaoe?? i?aai?cia, yeee aeeeeea? iineeaiiy i???ioiaii? ?aaeoe??.

A ?acoeueoao? aeoiaeeoue caieiooee eaioethaeie ca’yce?a i?ae
iaiaai?noth, o?eaiaei?noth, iniaeeainoyie i???ioaoe?? oa nooiaiai
aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? i?e ni?eeiyoo? e ioe?ioe? ia’?eo?a. Oae,
iaiaai?noue neooaoe?? aeeeeea? noai o?eaiaeiino?, yeee, a naith /a?ao,
aieeaa? ia iineeaiiy i???ioiaii? ?aaeoe??, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei
aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? ni?eeiyooy e ioe?iee ia’?eo?a ?, a inoaoi/iiio
i?aenoieo, ciiao aei i?aeaeuaiiy iaiaaiino?. Oeae iaoai?ci ae?? a oiiaao
eiie?aoii? neooaoe??. Aea i?e aaaaoi?aciaiio iiaoi?aii? ca’ycee iiaeooue
ci?oeithaaoeny, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei oi?ioaaiiy iaaiiai neiae?iia
i?aeaeuaii? i???ioiaii? aeoeaaoe??, aeniei? o?eaiaeiino? e aaeeei?
aiae?oe/iino? ni?eeiyooy.

Iacaaaeath/e ia oea, nooi?iue aiae?oe/iino? ia ? o iaei??? e o??? ae
ethaeeie caaaeaee iaeiaeiaei, a?i iiaea ci?ithaaoeny a caeaaeiino? a?ae
neooaoe?? oa noaio naiiai ?iaeea?aea. ?.I.Iaeae aenoioa a?iioaco i?i
?nioaaiiy ???a?o?/ii i?aai?ciaaii? nenoaie ioe?ii/ii-aei??thaaeueieo
oeae, ca?aeii yei? eiaeia ethaeeia ia? aeineoue aaeeeee iaa?? oeae
??ciiai ianooaao, ye? aeei?enoiaothoueny a ??cieo neooaoe?yo a
caeaaeiino? a?ae ciai?oi?o ? aioo??oi?o oiia. A?aei?iiino? i?ae
nenoaiaie oeae iieyaathoue ia no?eueee a ?o e?eueeino?, ne?eueee a
aaee/ei? ae?aiaciia i?ae iaeneiaeueii ae??aieie e iaeneiaeueii
ocaaaeueiaieie oeaeaie, a oaeiae a eaaeino? ia?aoiaeo a?ae iaei???
c ieo aei ?ioi?.

C?ooaiiy aei iaeiiai c iiethn?a in? aiae?oe/iino? e iaiiaeeea?noue
ia?aeoe aei i?ioeeaaeiiai iiethna a ??ai?e i??? i?ecaiaeyoue aei
iaaaeaeaaoiino? e ia?ae?o/aiiy a ioe?ii/ii-aei??i?e ae?yeueiino?.
Iaea?eueo aoaeoeaia iiaaae?iea aeinyaa?oueny i?e iayaiino? nenoaie oeae
??ciiai ianooaao e aaeeei? iia?eueiino? ia?anoaaiiy i?ae ieie: a?ae
iecueeiai ??aiy ocaaaeueiaiino? aei aenieiai ? iaaiaee. Oaeee oei
iiaaae?iee, iaeia/a, iio?aao? cia/ieo aia?aaoe/ieo ao?ao.

I?aaenoaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeaniiai aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
aieeao iieacaeaaeiino? -iieaiacaeaaeiino? oa iiiyo?eii?
aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? ia iniaeeaino? nioe?aeueii? ia?oeaioe?? e i?iyao ?o
o noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy, a yeiio: 1) aecia/aii oa?aeoa? ca’yce?a i?ae
iieacaeaaei?noth-iieaiacaeaaei?noth oa iiiyo?eiith
aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?noth, a oaeiae i?iya ?o a iniaeeainoyo ioe?iee naaa oa
?ioeo ethaeae (aa??aoeaiino?,noaa?eueiino?,?aeaioeo?eaoe??); 2) aeyaeaii
nooiaiue aieeao aeacaieo ia?aiao??a eiai?oeaiiai noeeth ia
?aaeueiee ia’?i ni?eeoaaiiy.

??aaiue iieaiacaeaaeiino? cai??yany ca aeiiiiiaith oano?a “O?ao?ee
Aioooaeueaea” ? “AEO – 70”, a yeeo ia?aae aeine?aeaeoaaiei noaaeeinue
caaaeaiiy yeiaeoaeaeoa ? iaeoi/i?oa ciaeoe i?inoo aoaeiiio o?ao?o a
neeaaeiiio aaiiao?e/iiio cia?aaeaii?. Iieacieeaie iieaiacaeaaeiino?
neoaoaaee: caaaeueiee /an iiooeo o?ao?, e?euee?noue i?aaeeueieo
ae??oaiue caaaeaiue ? i?iaeoeoeai?noue, oiaoi ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ae?oaiai
iieacieea aei ia?oiai.

Nooi?iue iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? aecia/aany ca aeiiiiiaith
iaoiaeeee ni?ooaaiiy ia’?eo?a ca ?.Aa?aeia?ii. Aeine?aeaeoaaiee
io?eioaaa ?ino?oeoe?th i?i oa, ui a?i ia? iiaio naiaiaeo a a?oioaaii?
ia’?eo?a, i?e oeueiio i?aee?anethaaeinue, ui aoaeue-yeee aa??aio naiiai
niiniao ni?ooaaiiy, e?eueeino? noai?thaaieo a?oi ? /enea ia’?eo?a
a ieo ? i?aaeeueiei.

A yeino? ia’?eo?a ni?ooaaiiy aeei?enoiaoaaany ianooiiee noeioeueiee
iaoa??ae: iaa?? ?c 35 ne?a, ui iicia/aee ??ci? aeanoeaino? /e ?ene
iniaenoino? (iai?eeeaae, oiaa?enuee?noue, aeoeai?noue, aiioe?ei?noue ?
o.i.); iaa?? ?c 35 ne?a, ui iicia/aee iiiyooy, ye? a?aeiinyoueny aei
eaoaai??? “/an” (aiaeeia, a?e, aeaeaaea ? o.i.); 14 oioiea?oie ethaeae,
iaee//y yeeo a?aeia?aaeaee ??ci? aiioe?ei? noaie; 35 eeoaenueeeo
???iae?o?a; neeaaei? aaiiao?e/i? o?ao?e (20 oo.); eooe a?ae 3 aei 90
a?aaeon?a (30 aeae?a); nienie i??caeu – 35 o/aniee?a aenia?eiaioa.
Iieacieeaie iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? neoaoaaee e?euee?noue a?oi,
ia ye? aei?iaiaoaaiee ?iceeaaeaa noeioeueiee iaoa??ae, oa
e?euee?noue ia’?eo?a a iaea?eueo?e c ieo.

Aeey aeyaeaiiy nooiaiy aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? ni?eeiyooy ? noaa?eueiino?
ioe?iee naaa oa ?ioeo ethaeae aoee niaoe?aeueii canoiniaai? aea?
iaoiaeeee: “Ioe?iea aeanoeainoae” ? “Oeaea iiey?ieo noaeaeaiue”. A
ia?o?e aei?iaiaoaaiee iiaeiai aoa ioe?ieoe naaa e aeaio ?ioeo
o/aniee?a aenia?eiaioa, eio?eo a?i iaee?aua cia?, ca nooiaiai ae?aaeaiiy
eiaeii? c aeanyoe cai?iiiiiaaieo yeinoae, ui a?aeia?aaeathoue
iniaeeaino? ni?eeoaaiiy c ?ioeie ethaeueie (iai?eeeaae, oiaa?enuee?noue,
ae?oaeaethanoai, o?eaiaei?noue ? o.i.). Ioe?iea i?iaiaeeeanue ca
naieaaeueiith oeaeith: 1 aae – i?i?iaeueia ae?aaeaiiy yeino?; 7 aae?a –
iaeneiaeueia. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeinue aea?/? c ?ioa?aaeii a 9
i?nyoe?a. Iieacieeii noaa?eueiino? ioe?iee naaa oa ?ioeo ethaeae
neoaeeea noia?ia ??cieoey ca an?ia yeinoyie i?ae ia?oei oa ae?oaei
cai??thaaiiyie, acyoa ca aaniethoiith aaee/eiith. Aaee/eia
?aeaioeo?eaoe?? naaa c ?ioeie ethaeueie aecia/aeanue ca noia?iith
??cieoeath an?o yeinoae i?ae naiiioe?ieith e ioe?ieith ?ioeo ethaeae
(na?aaei? a?eoiaoe/ia aeaio cai???a a?aeiinii aeaio ethaeae).

O ae?oa?e iaoiaeeoe?, “Oeaea iiey?ieo noaeaeaiue”, aeine?aeaeoaaiiio
i?iiiioaaeenue 25 ia? noaeaeaiue a?aeiinii ni?eeoaaiiy c ?ioeie
ethaeueie, ui a?aeia?aaeathoue i?ioeeaaei? oi/ee ci?o. Iai?eeeaae, “ss
aeoaea ??aeei ?ic/a?iaothnue a ethaeyo” – “ss aeoaea /anoi
?ic/a?iaothnue a ethaeyo”. A?i iiaeiai aoa ia oeae?, ?icaeo?e ia 10
iiae?eie, ui ciaoiaeeeeny i?ae oeeie iiey?ieie noaeaeaiiyie, a?aecia/eoe
ciaeii oa i?noea, aei yeiai, ia eiai aeoieo, a?i a?eueoa noeey?oueny.
E??i oiai, aeine?aeaeoaaiiio ne?ae aoei a?aeiia?noe ua ca aeaio ethaeae,
yeeo a?i ioe?ithaaa ca iiia?aaeiueith iaoiaeeeith. Iieacieeii
aa??aoeaiino? naiiioe?iee e ioe?iee ?ioeo ethaeae aoa niaoe?aeueiee
?iaeaen: Aa?=(a+a)/i, aea a ? a – /anoioa aeei?enoaiiy aeaio iaea?eueo
/anoi a?aecia/aieo a?aaeaoe?e; i – /enei aeei?enoaieo a?aaeaoe?e c
aeanyoe iiaeeeaeo. C aeiiiiiaith oeueiai ?iaeaena ie aecia/aee i??o
??ciiiai?oiino? aeei?enoaieo a?aaeaoe?e aaca?aeiinii aei aaee/eie
a?aeoeeaiue a?ae na?aaeiuei?. Aaee/eia ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? naaa c ?ioeie
ethaeueie ciaoiaeeeanue ca noiith a?aei?iiinoae o a?aeiia?aeyo, ye?
aeaaaeenue a?ae naiai e /oaeiai ?iai?.

Aeey aeyaeaiiy ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo a?aei?iiinoae a ia’?i? ?aaeueiiai
ni?eeoaaiiy oaeiae aoei ?ic?iaeaii niaoe?aeueio iaoiaeeeo. Nooue ?? inue
o /iio. Aeine?aeaeoaaiee iiaeiai aoa ia i?ioyc? oeaeiy eiaeiiai aeiy c 8
aei 24 aiaeeie yeiaeoi/i?oa a?aecia/aoe caaaeueiee /an naiai
ni?eeoaaiiy. Iieacieeii ia’?io ni?eeoaaiiy neoaoaaa na?aaei?e /an
ni?eeoaaiiy aei?iaiaoaaiiai ia i?ioyc? aeiy, ae?aaeaiee a oaeeeiao.
E??i oiai, aeey ia?aa??ee aeinoia??iino? aeaieo cae?enithaaeinue
ni?anoaaeaiiy ?o c aeaieie ioe?iee oiaa?enueeino? nai?? e ?ioeo
o/aniee?a aenia?eiaioa, ui aoee io?eiai? ca aeiiiiiaith iaoiaeeee
“Ioe?iea aeanoeainoae”. Iieacieeii naiiioe?iee oiaa?enueeino? neoaoaaea
na?aaeiy aaee/eia ca aeaiia cai??aie, iieacieeii ioe?iee oiaa?enueeino?
?ioeo – na?aaeiy aaee/eia ca aeaiia cai??aie, ui aoee c?iaeai?
aeae?eueeiia ioe?ithth/eie iniaaie (a?ae 2 aei 5 /ieia?e).

Aeine?aeaeaiiy ca oe??th iaoiaeeeith i?iaiaeeeinue c o/anoth 35
nooaeaio?a ineoieia?/iiai a?aeae?eaiiy IAeO.

Aoei oaeiae i?iaaaeaii aeiaeaoeia? aenia?eiaioe ca aeaui ?ioith
iaoiaeeeith. Oae, aei?iaiaoaaiei ne?ae aoei a?aei?/aoe ia /an
ni?eeoaaiiy, a e?euee?noue ethaeae, c yeeie ?i aeiaiaeeeinue
ni?eeoaaoeny ia i?ioyc? aeiy ? e?euee?noue eiioaeo?a c ieie (iieaciee
ia’?io ni?eeoaaiiy ). E??i oiai, aeey ia?aa??ee aae?aeiino? aeaieo
iiaeaaaany ieoaeueiee Aecaiea (Oi?ia A). Oe? aenia?eiaioe aoei
i?iaaaeaii ia 35 nooaeaioao Iaeanueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iie?oaoi?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo.

Aeey aecia/aiiy oa?aeoa?o ca’yce?a i?ae ia?aiao?aie eiai?oeaiiai noeeth
? iniaeeainoyie nioe?aeueii? ia?oeaioe?? aoei ae?aooaaii ?aiaia?
eiao?oe??ioe ei?aeyoe??. A ?acoeueoao? aoei aeyaeaii aaeeeo e?euee?noue
cia/eieo ca’yce?a i?ae ni?anoaaeaieie ia?aiao?aie, ui na?ae/aoue i?i
i?aaeeuei?noue iaoiai i?eiouaiiy i?i i?iya ?iaeea?aeoaeueii-noeeueiaeo
iniaeeainoae o ni?eeiyoo? e ioe?ioe? naaa e ?ioeo ethaeae. Aeyaeai?
aca?iica’ycee a a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a a?aeiia?aeaee iao?e
a?iioac?. (oaae. 1 ).

Oaaeeoey 1

Aenia?eiaioaeueii io?eiai? aca?iica’ycee i?ae ia?aiao?aie
eiai?oeaiiai noeeth ? iniaeeainoyie nioe?aeueii? ia?oeaioe??.

Oa?aeoa?enoeea noeeth ioe?ithaaiiyIiethn iieaiacaeaaeiino?Iiethn aeniei?
aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino?Aa??aoeai?noue ioe?iee:
naaa(r=0,34)Aeniea*(r=0,51)Aeniea ?ioeo
ethaeae(r=0,45)Aeniea(r=0,46)AenieaNoaa?euei?noue ioe?iee:
naaa(r=0,44)Aeniea(r=-0,42)Iecueea ?ioeo
ethaeae(r=0,58)Aeniea(r=-0,47)Iecueea?aeaioeo?eaoe?y naaa c ?ioeie
ethaeueie(r=-0,64)

Iecueea(r=-0,31)

Iecueea** Iacia/i? ca’ycee.

Ae?oaei caaaeaiiyi aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoa ?icaeyae
i?iya?a eiai?oeaii-noeeueiaeo iniaeeainoae iniaenoino? a ?aaeuei?e
iiaaae?ioe?, a naia, a ia’?i? ni?eeoaaiiy c ?ioeie ethaeueie. Aoee
?icaeyioo? cay’cee i?ae eiai?oeaiei noeeai oa on?ia iieacieeaie
eiioi?eaaaeueiino?, aeeth/ath/e e aeno?aaa?n?th ii Aecaeo. Io?eiai?
aeai? na?ae/aoue i?i i?enooi?noue ca’yceo i?ae iieacieeaie ?aaeueiiai
ni?eeoaaiiy e ia?aiao?aie eiai?oeaiiai noeeth. A iaeieo aeiaaeeao aiia
aeinyaea ??aiy cia/ouino?, a ?ioeo, i?aaaea, o?eueee iai?/oaaeanue. Oae,
iniae c aenieei ??aiai eiioi?eaaaeueiino? aeyaeee iecueeee iieaciee
iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? oa ae?acio iieacaeaaei?noue. Iieaciee
aeno?aaa?n?? ii Aecaeo ia aeaa i?yeiai cia/iiai ca’yceo c iieacieeaie
eiai?oeaiiai noeeth.

Ca’ycie eiai?oeaiiai noeeth c ia’?iii ni?eeoaaiiy, aeyaeaiee o iaoeo
aeine?aeaeoaaieo, iiaea io?eiaoe oaea iiyniaiiy. Iniae c aenieith
aiae?oe/i?noth i?iyaeythoue naaa i?e aiae?c? nioe?aeueieo yaeu ye ethaee
c ianoaa?eueiith naiiioe?ieith oa ioe?ieith ioi/oth/eo, noeeuei? aei
iia?oaaiiy i?eeiianooaaieie oeaeaie. Aiie aeoaea aeeoa?aioe?eiaaii
ni?eeiathoue ??cieo ethaeae, i?aee?anethth/e i?e oeueiio a?eueoa iiiaio
a?aei?iiino?, i?ae noiaeino? i?ae ieie. Aeoiaey/e c oeueiai, iiaeia
i?eionoeoe, ui noa’?eoeaia iaaecia/ai?noue o i?eeiyoo? ??oaiue i?e
i?aeiniaeno?ni?e aca?iiae?? o ieo aoaea cia/ii i?aeaeuaia, caaaeath/e ia
oaaao aei aaeeei? e?eueeino? ae?oai?yaeieo oaeoi??a. C ?ioiai aieo,
iniaai c iecueeith aiae?oe/i?noth aeanoeaa a?eueo ocaaaeueiaia,
noa?aioei?ciaaia ni?eeiyooy ?ioeo ethaeae, ui, a naith /a?ao,
i?ecaiaeeoue aei ni?iuaiiai ?icaeyaeo neooaoe?? i?aeiniaeno?nii?
aca?iiae?? oa cieaeaiiy noa’?eoeaii? iaaecia/aiino? o iiaaae?ioe?.
Iienai? a?aei?iiino? e i?ecaaaeooue aei aeaio i?ioeeaaeieo no?aoaa?e
ni?eeoaaiiy.

?iaeea?aee c aenieith aiae?oe/i?noth i?aaiooue aei caoaeaiiy eiea
ni?eeoaaiiy, ine?eueee a?eueo?noue ethaeae i?inoi i?eai?/o? ?o nai?th
no?ieao?noth oa ??ciiiai?oi?noth ineoieia?/ieo ?en, ye? aiie ia a ciic?
nenoaiaoecoaaoe oa canai?oe. Iniaai c iecueeith aiae?oe/i?noth oe?iea
eiei ni?eeoaaiiy aeinooii?oa, ine?eueee aiie ia iathoue aeiaeiiai
oyaeaiiy i?i anth neeaaei?noue oa aaaaoia?aii?noue ethaenueeeo
oa?aeoa??a e a?aeiinei, i???iooth/enue ia noa?aioeie iiaaae?iee o o?e /e
?io?e neooaoe??. C?icoi?ei, ui o oeueiio iien? caiaaeoi caouai? oa?ae,
ai iiaeaii eeoa e?aei? oeie, iani?aaae? ae ethaee ?niothoue o
eiioei?oi? i?ae oeeie aeaiia iiethnaie.

Ne?ae aeiaeaoe, ui yeui ?icaeyaeaoe oe? oeie c oi/ee ci?o aoaeoeaiino?
i?enoiniaaiino? aei nioe?aeueii? aca?iiae??, oi iaiiaeeeai aeae?eeoe
aoaeue-yeee c ieo ye e?auee /e a??oee. Eiaeai ia? nai? ia?aaaae oa
iaaeie?ee. sseui “neioaoeee” ae?thoue a?eueo oni?oii o neooaoe?yo, ui
aeiaaathoue ia?aianaiiy iaae/ie, oi “aiae?oeee”, ye? aeia?a aeae?eythoue
iiaa o i?iaeaii?e neooaoe??, oaeaeei ciaoiaeyoue iia? niiniae
ae??oaiiy, a?aeiiaeyth/enue a?ae noa?iai aeai?eoio. Oe? caeiiii??iino?
iiaeia a?aeianoe ? aei noa?e ni?eeoaaiiy. A naia, neeueiith ?enith
“neioaoee?a” ? ?oiy caeaoi?noue ocaaaeueithaaoe na?e aeina?ae,
aeoai?thaaoe aeai?eoi iiaaae?iee o ??cieo neooaoe?yo, iaeiae, c oe???
ae i?e/eie aiie iiaeooue ? ia iii?oeoe ci?i a neooaoe??, o ?acoeueoao?
/iai ?oi?e aeai?eoi aeyaeoueny iaeiaoaeoeaiei. “Aiae?oeeai”, iaaiaee,
iaaaaeei aeyaeoe aoaeue-ye? a?aei?iiino? oa ci?ie, aea ?i aaaeei
noai?eoe caaaeueiee aeai?eoi iiaaae?iee, yeee ae i?aeoiaeea aei
aaaaoueio neooaoe?e.

Aeey ia?aa??ee i?eiouaiiy i?i iaeiaeiao oni?oi?noue o nioe?aeuei?e
aca?iiae?? in?a c i?ioeeaaeieie eiai?oeaii-noeeueiaeie iniaeeainoyie
aoei i?iaaaeaii ni?anoaaeaiiy oi/iino? ia?aaeaa/aiiy a?aeiia?aeae ca
iaoiaeeeith “Oeaea iiey?ieo noaeaeaiue” c iiiyo?eiith
aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?noth oa iieaiacaeaaei?noth. Ie aeoiaeeee c oiai, ui
iniiaith aeey aoaeoeaii? aca?iiae?? c ?ioith ethaeeiith ? aaeaeaaoia
oyaeaiiy i?i ia? oa i?aaeeueiee i?iaiic a?aeiinii ?? iiaaae?iee a o?e /e
?io?e neooaoe?? ?, oaeei /eiii, aaaaeaee ca iiaeeeaa ?icaeyiooe iieaciee
oi/iino? ia?aaeaa/aiiy /oaeeo a?aeiia?aeae ye i??o nioe?aeueii?
eiiiaoaioiino?. Ei?aeyoe?eiee aiae?c oi/iino? ia?aaeaa/aiiy c
iieacieeaie eiai?oeaiiai noeeth ia aeyaea i? iaeiiai cia/iiai ca’yceo.
Oaeei /eiii, oeae aenia?eiaio i?aeoaa?aeea iaoa i?eiouaiiy i?i ??aio
oni?oi?noue a i?iaiicoaaii? iiaaae?iee ?ioeo ethaeae ?iaeea?aeaie c
i?ioeeaaeieie eiai?oeaieie noeeyie.

O?ao?e ?icae?e “Aieea eiai?oeaii? neeaaeiino? ia ?iaeea?aeoaeueiino?
iniaeeaino? ioe?iee naaa oa ?ioeo ethaeae” aoa i?enay/aiee aiae?cia?
eiai?oeaii? neeaaeiino? ? ?? i?iya?a a iniaeeainoyo nioe?aeueii?
ia?oeaioe??. Eiai?oeaia neeaaei?noue ?icaeyaea?oueny ye oaeoi?, ui
aieeaa? ia iiaaae?ieo ?iaeea?aea a noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy (A.E?ieaoo; I.Oaee;
?.I.Eiceiaa; Ae.I??; O.A.Niaa??ueiaa ? E.I.Ieaoii; A.E.THaeai?iiaa;
TH.Naiiee; Ae.Aiee?i oa ?i.). Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui oaea oa?aeoa?enoeea
c iiaiith i?aenoaaith iiaea aooe a?aeianaia aei noeeueiai?, oiio ui aiia
aieeaa? ia ia ?acoeueoao, a aeania ia noeeue ni?eeoaaiiy. Oni?o aea o
anoaiiaeaii? eiioaeo?a c ?ioeie ethaeueie iiaea caeaaeaoe a?ae ??cieo
ianoaaei, aei yeeo iaeaaeaoue ? oa?aeoa?enoeee ia?oia??a (noaoue, a?e,
noaaeaiiy aei noa’?eoa ni?eeoaaiiy), ? iaoe ni?eeoaaiiy, ? neooaoe??, ?
o.i. A eiie?aoieo oiiaao a?eueo eiiiaoaioieie iiaeooue aeyaeoeny ye
eiai?oeaii neeaaei? ?iaeea?aee, oae ? eiai?oeaii i?ino?. Aac aaaaiiy,
eiai?oeaia neeaaei?noue aea? ?? iin?th iiaeeea?noue a?eueo iiaiiai,
iane/aiiai, ithainiaaiiai a?aeia?aaeaiiy na?oo, ni?eeiyooy iaiii?oieo
aeey ?ioeo a?aeo?ie?a ethaenueeeo aca?iia?aeiinei. Aea e??i yaieo
aeinoi?inoa oeueiai iiethno eiai?oeaiiai noeeth, ? ? iaaaoeai? eiai
?ene, ye? i?noyoueny aieiaiei /eiii a iaaeeeoeiaiio oa?aeoa??
io?eioaaiiai ciaiiy, oei naiei i?eai?/oth/iio oa no?eioth/iio noa’?eoa,
yeee i?eiooo? eiai ia?aai?thaaoe i?ioe??/io ?ioi?iaoe?th, ui
iaaeoiaeeoue a?ae ?ioeo ethaeae. C ?ioiai aieo, eiai?oeaii i?inoei
iaaeinooiiee aanue ia’?i ? ?icia?ooy ?ioi?iaoe??, ui ? a iayaiino?,
aiie ia a ciic? iiaa/eoe oiie? ieo?, ui iia’ycothoue ethaeae ?
a?aeiineie, ye? i?ioiaeyoue e??cue ieo – ? a oeueiio ?o neaae?noue. Aea
a oie aea /an aiie iicaaaeai? iaaeie?e?a, aeanoeaeo eiai?oeaii
neeaaeiei ?iaeea?aeai, ? oiio iiaaae?iea ?o aoaea a?eueo
noaa?eueiith. Ana oea i?e?iaei?i /eiii iaeeaaea? na?e a?aeaeoie ia
?aaeueiee i?ioean ni?eeoaaiiy, iaeia/a ona?aaeiaiee ?acoeueoao eiai
caeeoa?oueny a iacaeaaeiino? a?ae iieacieea aaee/eie eiai?oeaii?
neeaaeiino?.

Aena?oeaii ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao
eiai?oeaii? neeaaeiino? ia iniaeeaino? nioe?aeueii? ia?oeaioe?? c
ianooiieo caaaeaiue: ii-ia?oa, aeyaeoe aieea eiai?oeaii? neeaaeiino? ia
??ci? iai?yiee ni?eeiyooy naaa oa ?ioeo ethaeae. Ii-ae?oaa, ?icaeyiooe
aca?iica’ycie i?ae noeeueiaeie oa ci?noiaeie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie ioe?iee
naaa oa ?ioeo ethaeae. Ii-o?ao?, aea/eoe ca’ycee i?ae o?ueiia
ia?aiao?aie eiai?oeaiiai noeeth: eiai?oeaiith neeaaei?noth,
iieacaeaaei?noth – iieaiacaeaaei?noth oa iiiyo?eiith
aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?noth.

Eiai?oeaia neeaaei?noue ? iniaeeaino? naiiioe?iee e ioe?iee ?ioeo
ethaeae aecia/aeanue ca iaoiaeeeith ?ai-oanoo. Iaeiae, nienie ?ieae aoa
aeaui ci?iaiee o ii??aiyii? c eeane/iei aa??aioii oanoa Aeae.Eaee?, ui
iia’ycaii c a?eii iaoeo aei?iaiaoaaieo (nooaeaioe iieiaeoeo eo?n?a).
Iai?eeeaae, cai?noue ?ie? “ae?oaeeia” ie aaaee ?ieue “ciaeiia ae?a/eia”
? o. ae. Ine?eueee noaaeeinue caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeoaaoe ca’ycee
eiai?oeaii? neeaaeiino? c iiiyo?eiith aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?noth, oi ne?ae
aoei i?ae?a?aoe oae? iieacieee eiai?oeaii? neeaaeiino?, eio?? aoee a
iaeneiaeueii iaaeeaeai? aei i?? aiae?oe/iino?, ui aecia/athoueny ca
aeiiiiiaith oanoa ni?ooaaiiy ia’?eo?a. Oei naiei ni?anoaaeaiiy oeeo
ia?aiao??a aoaea iaea?eueo aaeaeaaoiei. Oaeei /eiii, ye i??a
eiai?oeaii? neeaaeiino? aeei?enoiaoaaeenue: ?iaeaen A???, ?iaeaen
ca’yciino?, e?euee?noue ieayae, e?euee?noue eiino?oeo?a o iaea?eueo?e
ieayae?, e?euee?noue iaeeie/ieo eiino?oeo?a.

Iieacieeaie nioe?aeueii? ia?oeaioe??, ui aecia/aeeny ca aeiiiiiaith
?ai-oanoa, aenooiaee: na?aaeiy aaee/eia ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? naaa c ?ioeie
ethaeueie, /enei iaeneiaeueieo cia/aiue ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? naaa c ?ioeie
ethaeueie, ?iciao ?aeaioeo?eaoe??, iiceoeai?noue naiiioe?iee, na?aaeiy
aaee/eia iiceoeaiino? ioe?iee ?ioeo ethaeae.

Aeey ni?anoaaeaiiy eiai?oeaii? neeaaeiino? c iieaiacaeaaei?noth, ui
aecia/a?oueny ca oanoii “AEO-70”, aoei acyoi o?e iieacieea: e?euee?noue
i?aaeeueieo ??oaiue, /an ae??oaiiy oa caaaeueia i?iaeoeoeai?noue. A
yeino? iieaciee?a iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? aeei?enoiaoaaeenue
e?euee?noue a?oi oa e?euee?noue ia’?eo?a a iaea?eueo?e a?oi?, a oaeiae
/enei iaeeie/ieo ia’?eo?a. Oe? iieacieee ae?aoiaoaaeenue ie?aii aeey
iaai?o “?ene oa?aeoa?o”, oiio ui a?i iaea?eueo aeecueeee ca ci?noii
?ai-oanoo. Oaeiae aoee acyo? noia?i? iaeiieiaii? iieacieee ca
iaai?aie: “*an”, “Oioiea?oea”, “?ene oa?aeoa?o”.

E??i oiai, an?i aeine?aeaeoaaiei aeey aei??thaaiiy iniaeno?nii?
o?eaiaeiino? aoei i?aae’yaeaii ieoaeueiee Ni?eaa?aa?a.

Aenia?eiaio i?iaiaeeany ca o/anoth nooaeaio?a ineoieia?/iiai
a?aeae?eaiiy IAeO (15 ae?iie oa 11 /ieia?e?a) oa nooaeaio?a Iaeanueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iie?oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo (9 ae?iie oa 13 /ieia?e?a).

Ei?aeyoe?eiee ? oaeoi?iee aiae?c a?aeiia?aeieo iieaciee?a eiai?oeaii?
neeaaeiino? e iniaeeainoae ni?eeiyooy naaa oa ?ioeo ethaeae na?ae/ea i?i
aaeeeo neeo ca’yce?a i?ae ??cieie i??aie eiai?oeaii? neeaaeiino?, a
oaeiae i?ae ieie e iniaeeainoyie nioe?aeueii? ia?oeaioe??, c yeeo
i/aaeaeii, ui iniae, ye? iia?othoue iaeei /eneii eiino?oeo?a (c
iecueeith eiai?oeaiith neeaaei?noth), ioe?iththoue naaa e ?ioeo ethaeae
ia?aaaaeii a iiceoeaiiio eeth/?, ?aeaioeo?eothoue naaa ?c aaaaoueia
ciaeiieie ethaeueie ? ? iaeio?eaiaeieie. ?iaeea?aee, ye? ciaoiaeyoueny
ia ?ioiio iiethn?, oiaoi o?, ui aieiae?thoue oe?ieei ae?aiaciiii
eiino?oeo?a (c aenieith eiai?oeaiith neeaaei?noth), ni?eeiathoue naaa e
?ioeo ethaeae iaio iiceoeaii, iaei ?aeaioeo?eothoue naaa c? nai?i
ioi/aiiyi oa aenieio?eaiaei?.

Oaeei /eiii, aaaaeaiiy iiaiai aei??o – aaee/eie iiceoeaiino? ioe?iee
naaa oa ?ioeo ethaeae – aeicaieeei aeyaeoe aca?iica’ycie i?ae
noeeueiaeie oa ci?noiaeie a?aiyie ni?eeiyooy. Ineoieia?/iee niene ??
oaeee, ui ocaaaeueiaia ni?eeiyooy ioi/oth/eo aeicaiey? aeyaeyoe
aaeeeo noiae?noue i?ae niaith oa ?ioeie ethaeueie, a oea, a naith
/a?ao, i?ecaiaeeoue aei a?eueo iiceoeaii? ?o ioe?iee i?e oiia?
aeinoaoiuei aeniei? naiiioe?iee.

Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui io?eiai? aeai? a?aeiia?aeathoue ?ai?oa iienaiei
oaiaeaioe?yi. Oae, i?aeoaa?aeeany iiceoeaiee ca’ycie i?ae
iieacaeaaei?noth oa aenieei ??aiai ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? naaa c ioi/oth/eie.
Iieaciee aa??aoeaiino?, ui aecia/eany ca aaee/eiith ?iciaoo
?aeaioeo?eaoe??, aeyaea e?eaie?i?eio caeaaei?noue c eiai?oeaiith
neeaaei?noth oa iiiyo?eiith aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?noth. Oei naiei aoei
ciaeaeaii i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy ii?aeiaiiy aeniei? aiae?oe/iino? c
iecueeith i?iaeoeaiith oaiaeaioe??th.

Oeyoii aiae?co aeaieo i?i ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae eiai?oeaiith
neeaaei?noth, iiiyo?eiith aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?noth oa
iieacaeaaei?noth-iieaiacaeaaei?noth iaea?aeai? oae? ?acoeueoaoe: iiaia
a?aenooi?noue cia/eieo ca’yce?a i?ae iieacaeaaei?noth-iieaiacaeaaei?noth
e eiai?oeaiith neeaaei?noth oa iayai?noue ?o i?ae iiiyo?eiith
aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?noth e eiai?oeaiith neeaaei?noth. I?e oeueiio c on?o
i?? iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? o?eueee iieaciee e?eueeino? ia’?eo?a
a iaea?eueo?e a?oi? i?e ni?ooaaii? iaai?o “?ene oa?aeoa?o” aeaa cia/ei?
iiceoeai? ca’ycee c ?yaeii iieaciee?a ?ai-oanoo. Oiaoi cia/eiei
aeyaeany ca’ycie c eiai?oeaiith neeaaei?noth ia ocaaaeueiaieo
iieaciee?a iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino?, ui aecia/a?oueny ca
o?ueiia noaoanoaie, a i?eaaoiiai iieacieea ca iaai?ii “?ene
oa?aeoa?o”.

Io?eiai? aeai? iiaeia iiynieoe ianooiiei /eiii. Aecia/aiiy eiai?oeaii?
neeaaeiino? oa iiiyo?eii? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? aoaeoaaeiny a
eiioeaiooaeuei?e iiaeaeueiino? ia iaoa??ae?, ui a?aeiineoueny aei noa?e
i?aeia?niiaeueii? aca?iiae?? a aenia?eiaioaeuei?e neooaoe??, yea
i???iooaaea aeine?aeaeoaaieo ia ??ci? aa??aioe i?aaeeueiiai ??oaiiy ?
i?eeiyooy eiai ia iniia? ?iaeea?aeoaeueii? ia?aaaae. Iieaiacaeaaei?noue
aea aei??thaaeanue a ia?oeaioeai?e iiaeaeueiino? ia iaoa??ae?, ia
iia’ycaiiio c i?aeiniaeno?niith aca?iiae??th, ? a aenia?eiaioaeuei?e
neooaoe??, yea oa?aeoa?ia aeey ae?aaiinoeee caeaoiinoae iniaenoino?. ?
oi/a an? o?e oa?aeoa?enoeee a?aeia?aaeathoue nooi?iue
aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? i?e ni?eeiyoo? iaaeieeoiuei? ae?eniino?,
iacaaaeath/e ia oea, iienai? ianoaaeie cia/ii ineaaeththoue /e caiaeyoue
aei ioey ca’ycee i?ae ia?aiao?aie iieacaeaaeiino?-iieaiacaeaaeiino?, c
iaeiiai aieo, ? eiai?oeaii? neeaaeiino? e iiiyo?eii?
aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiino? c ae?oaiai.

*aoaa?oee ?icae?e “I?iya eiai?oeaiiai noeeth a iniaeeainoyo iioeaaoe??
ni?eeoaaiiy” ?ice?eaa? oa?aeoa? ca?yceo iioeaaoe?? oa eiai?oeaiiai
noeeth. Ia iniia? aeaieo aeine?aeaeaiiy i?e?iaee eiai?oeaiiai noeeth
(?.Aa?aeia?; A.O?oe?i; A.Aa?aa? ? E.Aieueaeaa?a; Ae.?ien oa ?i.) aoei
c?iaeaii aeniiaie i?i ca’ycee eiai c iioeaaoe??th iiaaae?iee
ethaeeie, o oiio /ene? ? a noa?? ni?eeoaaiiy. Aaaaoi aaoi??a
a?aecia/athoue niaoeeo?/i?noue iio?aae a ni?eeoaaii?, iaoiiaeaio oei,
ui ?? caaeia?eueiaiiy iio?aao? o/ano? ?ioeo ethaeae, ? ia’?eoii ??
? a?aeiineie i?ae ia?oia?aie (A.A.Iao?ianueeee; O.I.*oa?oeoa?e?;
I.?.E?n?ia ? A.I.Aiaoneaanueea; I.Ae.Oai?iaiaa; ?.I.Iaeneiiaa oa ?i.)

Iaeiae a ?icaeyiooeo ?iaioao ia aoei aeaii i? ci?noiaiiai aiae?co
iioeaaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy, i? eeaneo?eaoe?? iioea?a, ui iiaea aooe
iia’ycaii o a?aenooiino? iaae?eieo iaoiae?a ae?aaiinoeee iayaiiai
oe?ieiai niaeo?a iioea?a ni?eeoaaiiy (I.O.Iaaiiaae-Aieiia; I.I.Iaenaoia;
A.A.??oia; ?.O.Nieieiaa). Iai oyaey?oueny iaea?eueo ia?niaeoeaiei i?e
ae?aaiinoeoe? iioeaaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy aeei?enoaiiy iaoiaea iniaeno?nieo
eiino?oeo?a Aeae.Eaee?. ?.I.Oaaeioiaa, I.A.sseiae?aa ? O.A.Aaee?ia oaea
canoiniaoaaee ?ai-oano (iiaeeo?eiaaiee aa??aio) aeey aea/aiiy
???a?o?/ieo a?aeiinei i?ae iioeaaie. Ie, a naith /a?ao, oaeiae ?ic?iaeee
iiaeeo?eiaaiee aa??aio ?ai-oanoo aeey ae?aaiinoeee iioeaaoe??
ni?eeoaaiiy, i?i canoinoaaiiy yeiai iiaa i?aea a ianooiiiio
i?ae?icae?e?.

?icaeyioo? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy iniaeeainoae nioe?aeueii?
ia?oeaioe?? ? iioeaaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy. Aoei aeyaeaii ca’ycie i?ae
?ioaineai?noth iioeaaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy, iai?aaeaii? ia ia?oia?a, c
ocaaaeueiaieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie eiai ia?aco. I?eioneaeiny, ui /ei
iiceoeai?oa ni?eeia?oueny ia?oia? oa /ei a?eueoa ni?eueiiai c iei
aa/eoue aeine?aeaeoaaiee, oei aaaaooith ca i?noii oa ?ioaineai?noth
aoaea iioeaaoe?y ni?eeoaaiiy c oe??th ethaeeiith. Aeey ia?aa??ee oe???
a?iioace aoei i?iaaaeaii aenia?eiaio, o yeiio a?aee o/anoue 28 /ieia?e –
nooaeaio?a ineoieia?/iiai a?aeae?eaiiy IAeO oa 19 /ieia?e –
nooaeaio?a IAeIO ( anueiai 22 /ieia?ee oa 25 ae?iie ).

Iiceoeai?noue ioe?iee ia?oia??a ii ni?eeoaaiith oa aaee/eie
?aeaioeo?eaoe?? c ieie aeine?aeaeoaaiiai aecia/aeenue ca aeiiiiiaith
aa??aioa Pai – oanoo, iienaiiai o iiia?aaeiueiio ?icae?e?.
Ae?aaiinooaaiiy iioeaaoe?? ni?eeoaaiiy cae?enithaaeinue ca
iiaeeo?eiaaiei iaie aa??aioii ?ai-oanoo, yea iieyaa? inue o /iio.

Oae, aeine?aeaeoaaiee iiaeiai aoa cai?noue aeoai?aiiy eiino?oeoa
iaceaaoe nai? aieiai? iioeae ni?eeoaaiiy c ethaeueie, ui aoee o
?ieueiaiio nieneo. I?ney oiai, ye iioea oi?ioethaaany, eiai caienoaaee
aei i?aai? /anoeie aeaieo ?ai-oanoo (oai, aea cae/aeii ?ici?uothoue
eiino?oeo ). Aeae? aeine?aeaeoaaiiai i?ineee ioe?ieoe /anoioo
ae?aaeaiino? aeaiiai iioeao i?ae /an ni?eeoaaiiy c eiaeiei c eiai
ciaeiieo, a?aei?/aieo o ?ieueiaiio nieneo, ca o?ueioaaeueiith
nenoaiith: 0 – i?eiee ia i?enooi?e o ni?eeoaaii?; 1 – ?iiae? i?enooi?e;
2 – /anoi aai caaaeaee i?enooi?e. Oaea i?ioeaaeo?a ioe?iee
iiaoi?thaaeanue 20 ?ac?a aei io?eiaiiy ?aia?ooa?ii? ?ao?oee.

Iaiao?aeii a?aei?oeoe, ui on? aei??e aeey on?o aeine?aeaeoaaieo aoee
i?iaaaeai? i?ioyaii 20 aei?a, i?e/iio ia’?eoaie ioe?iee a iaio
aeiaaeeao aoee iaei? e o? nai? ethaee.

Io?eiai? aeai? na?ae/eee i?i oa, ui aenoiooa a ?iaio? a?iioaca
i?aeoaa?aeeeanue o?eueee ia iieiaei? aeine?aeaeoaaieo, o yeeo
iiceoeai?noue ioe?iee ?ioi? ethaeeie, aaee/eia ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? c iath oa
iioeaaoe?y ni?eeoaaiiy o?nii iia’ycai? i?ae niaith. Aaaeeeai a?aei?oeoe,
ui cia/ou? ca’ycee i?ae an?ia o?ueiia aiae?ciaaieie ?yaeaie
niinoa??aaeenue o iaeieo e oeo naieo aeine?aeaeoaaieo. C 47 /ieia?e o 16
on? 3 eiao?oe??ioa aeyaeeenue cia/oueie, a o aeaeiai ? ia aeoaea
aenieiio ??ai? ( P

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