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I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE
EE?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO OAOIIEIA?E OA AeECAEIO
Coa?aoeueea Iaoae?y Aiaoie??aia
OAeE 621.81:621.753
AIEEA EIINO?OEOEAIEO ? OAOIIEIA?*IEO IA?AIAO??A
IA I?OeI?NOUe C’?AeIAIUe AeAOAEAE AA?AOAIA
E?EUeOeAI?ssAeEEUeII? IAOEIE
Niaoe?aeuei?noue 05.02.02 – Iaoeiiciaanoai
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiienii.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Ee?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? oaoiieia?e oa
aeecaeio ia eaoaae?? iao?ieia??, noaiaea?oecaoe?? ? na?oeo?eaoe??
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe aeioeaio
Iai?nueeee ?aai Eaii?aeiae/,
Ee?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao oaoiieia?e oa aeecaeio, aeioeaio
eaoaae?e iaoei eaaei? i?iieneiaino?.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe aeioeaio
Ee?e/ie Iao?i Ieaen?eiae/,
Iaoe?iiaeueiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao Oe?a?ie “Ee?anueeee iie?oaoi?/iee
?inoeooo”, i?ioani? eaoaae?e oaoiieia?? iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy
– eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Aeieaia Ieeiea Aiaoie?eiae/
iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee ?inoeoooo i?iaeai i?oeiino? IAI Oe?a?ie
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oaoiieia?/iee oi?aa?neoao “Iiae?eey”
(i. Oiaeueieoeueeee)
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 28 ” a?oaeiy 1999 ?ieo i 14 aiaeei? 30 oaeeei ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E26.102.01 i?e Ee?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? oaoiieia?e oa aeecaeio ca aae?anith: 01011,
Ee?a-11, aoe. Iaie?iae/a-Aeai/aiea, 2, ei?ion 1.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Ee?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo oaoiieia?e oa aeecaeio.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 25 ” eenoiiaaea 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,
eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
O?i?/aaa A. ?.
caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe
Aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe. O eiino?oeoe?yo no/anieo iaoei ? iaoai?ci?a, ui
i?aoeththoue i?e i?aeaeuaieo oaeaee?nieo ?aaeeiao ? iaaaioaaeaiiyo,
oe?iei canoiniaothoueny aaaaoiaeaiaioi? c’?aeiaiiy iaeiai ae?aiao?a,
aeaoae? yeeo iathoue ??ci? o?ceei-iaoai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee ? a i?ioean?
aenieoaoaoe?? aeo?eiothoue cia/i? noaoe/i? oa aeeiai?/i? iaaaioaaeaiiy.
Oa?aeoa?iei i?eeeaaeii oaeeo c’?aeiaiue ? iaeei c iniiaieo aeeiiaa/eo
aeaiaio?a iaoai?cio i?yae?iiy – aa?aoaii e?eueoeai?yaeeeueii? iaoeie,
aenieoaoaoe?eia iaae?ei?noue yeiai a cia/i?e i??? caeaaeeoue a?ae
i?oeiino? oa oi/iino? c’?aeiaiiy eiai eiino?oeoeaieo aeaiaio?a (aei/ea,
oi?iaeaey oa ianaaeee).
I?e aeaioiaeaii? aa?aoai o?aaeeoe?eii aeei?enoiaothoue eiioni?
c’?aeiaiiy c iaoyaii, i?oei?noue yeeo aeinyaa?oueny ca ?aooiie inueiai?
neee, ui oi?io? iaoya. Aiae?c iieaco?, ui iaoai?/ia cai?aniaoaaiiy,
yea canoiniao?oueny aeey oaeeo c’?aeiaiue o ianiaiio ae?iaieoeoa?, ia
aeicaiey? caaacia/eoe noaa?euei? oa?aeoa?enoeee i?oeiino? oa oi/iino?
aa?aoaia. Oae i?ae /an neeaaeaiiy aa?aoaia o oe?eiio ?yae? aeiaaee?a
a?aeaoaa?oueny ne?eaeaiiy oi?iaeaey, a i?e aenieoaoaoe?? oae? aa?aoaia
ao?a/athoue oi/i?noue aca?iiiai ?icoaooaaiiy aeaoaeae, ui i?ecaiaeeoue
aei cieaeaiiy i?oeiino? c’?aeiaiue ? oei naiei ?noioii cieaeo? ?oi?
aenieoaoaoe?ei? iieacieee.
Aiae?c oai?aoe/iiai ? ae?iaie/iai aeina?aeo iieacaa, ui inoaii?i /anii
cai?noue eii?/iiai c’?aeiaiiy c iaoyaii ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny canoiniaoaaoe
oeee?iae?e/ia c aeei?enoaiiyi eiia?iiaaiiai oa?i?/iiai iaoiaeo (c
iaa??aaiiyi ioiiethth/eo aeaoaeae ? ioieiaeaeaiiyi ioiiethaaii?).
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui oeae iaoiae aeicaiey? oni?oii cae?enithaaoe
neeaaeaiiy c’?aeiaiue iaeiai ae?aiao?a (aei 10 ii), caaacia/oth/e i?e
oeueiio cia/ia (o ii??aiyii? c cai?aniaoaaiiyi) i?aeaeuaiiy
oa?aeoa?enoee i?oeiino? ca??ieo ae?ia?a. Iaeiae oeae iaoiae neeaaeaiiy
ia ciaeoia oe?ieiai canoinoaaiiy i?e aeaioiaeaii? aa?aoai, oiio ui a
aeaiee /an i?aeoe/ii a?aenooi? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? oa iaoiaeeee, ye?
aeicaieythoue cae?enithaaoe ?ic?aooiie i?oeiino? c’?aeiaiue aa?aoaia,
aeae?aoe oaoiieia?/i? ia?aiao?e ? i?iaiicoaaoe ?oith aenieoaoaoe?eio
iaae?ei?noue, ui iiaeeeai eeoa ia iniia? /?oeeo oyaeaiue i?i o?ceeo
i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a cii? eiioaeoo aeaoaeae, ? aeinoia??ieo
aeaieo i?i ?oi?e iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee noai.
Oaeei /eiii, i?iaaaeaiiy oai?aoe/ieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
a iaeano? oaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo aaaaoiaeaiaioieo
oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue aa?aoai, noi?iiaaieo eiia?iiaaiei oa?i?/iei
iaoiaeii, c o?aooaaiiyi oaoiieia?/ieo, eiino?oeoeaieo ?
o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo ia?aiao??a, a oaeiae ?ic?iaea i?aeoe/ieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e aeey ?oiueiai i?iaeooaaiiy oa neeaaeaiiy ? nai?/anieie e
aeooaeueieie caaea/aie no/aniiai iaoeiiciaanoaa.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ?
iaea?aeaiiy aiae?oe/ieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo caeaaeiinoae, ui
aeicaieythoue, c o?aooaaiiyi aieeao eiino?oeoeaieo ? oaoiieia?/ieo
ia?aiao??a aeaoaeae, caaacia/eoe i?aeaeuaiiy i?oeiino? oa oi/iino?
aaaaoiaeaiaioieo oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue aa?aoaia e?eueoeai?yaeeeueii?
iaoeie, noi?iiaaieo eiia?iiaaiei oa?i?/iei niiniaii.
Aeey ?aae?caoe?? noi?ioeueiaaii? iaoe aaoi?ii iai?/aii ae??oeoe ianooii?
caaea/?:
1. Anoaiiaeoe e iaa?oiooaaoe caeaaeiino? iieaciee?a i?oeiino? oa
oi/iino? aaaaoiaeaiaioieo oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue aa?aoaia c iaoyaii
a?ae ?o eiino?oeoeaieo, oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a ? niinia?a neeaaeaiiy.
2. Iaea?aeaoe aiae?oe/i? oa aenia?eiaioaeuei? caeaaeiino?, ui
oa?aeoa?ecothoue oaieiaee ? iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee noai
aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai oeee?iae?e/iiai c’?aeiaiiy c iaoyaii, ia iniia? yeeo
?ic?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii caaacia/aiith i?aeaeuaieo oa?aeoa?enoee
i?oeiino? c’?aeiaiue aa?aoaia i?e ?o neeaaeaii? eiia?iiaaiei oa?i?/iei
iaoiaeii.
3. Ia iniia? aiae?oe/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?ioean?a
oi?ioaaiiy c’?aeiaiiy anoaiiaeoe aieea eiino?oeoeaieo ? oaoiieia?/ieo
/eiiee?a oeee?iae?e/iiai c’?aeiaiiy ia ?ici?? oaeoe/ii? ieiu? eiioaeoo
aeaoaeae, ui niieo/athoueny, ? ia ?ici??e oa?i?/ieo inueiaeo
aeaoi?iaoe?e i?e iaa??aaii? ioiiethth/eo aeaoaeae ? ioieiaeaeaii?
ioiieth?ieo aeaoaeae.
4. ?ic?iaeoe ? aeiaanoe aei ??aiy aeei?enoaiiy a ?iaeaia?i?e i?aeoeoe?
aeai?eoi?/ia ? i?ia?aiii-iaoaiaoe/ia caaacia/aiiy ?ic?aooie?a i?oeiino?
c’?aeiaiue ? aeai?o oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a i?e eiia?iiaaiiio
oa?i?/iiio neeaaeaii? aaaaoiaeaiaioieo oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie ieaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa a?aeiia?aea?
iaoeiaiio iai?yieo aeine?aeaeaiue Ee?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
oaoiieia?e oa aeecaeio c i?iaeaie “Iaeaaeiaiiy, nenoaie ea?oaaiiy
oaoiieia?/ieie i?ioeanaie ? eiio?ieth yeino? ae?ia?a”.
Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ia’?eoaie aeine?aeaeaiue ?: iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo
i?oeiino? oa oi/iino? aaaaoiaeaiaioieo oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue i?e
eiia?iiaaiiio oa?i?/iiio niinia? ?o neeaaeaiiy c o?aooaaiiyi
eiino?oeoeaieo ? oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a aeaoaeae.
O oai?aoe/i?e /anoei? ?iaioe c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo e?ioeaaeo aeaiaio?a
aeey ae??oaiiy a?naneiao?e/ieo caaea/ oa?iii?oaeiino? aeey nenoaie
eiioaeooth/eo o?e ?ice?eoi nooue i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a cii?
eiioaeoo i?e iaa??aaii? ioiiethth/eo ? ioieiaeaeaii? ioiiethaaieo
aeaoaeae. I?e i?iaaaeaii? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
aeei?enoiaoaaeeny no/ani? oaoi?/i? caniae aei??thaaiiy oa eiio?ieth
o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo ia?aiao??a, a aeey ia?iaee ?acoeueoao?a – iaoiaee oa
iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy ? iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Anoaiiaeaii aiae?oe/i? oa
aenia?eiaioaeuei? caeaaeiino? i?oeiino? oa oi/iino? aaaaoiaeaiaioieo
iaeiaaaa?eoieo c’?aeiaiue aa?aoaia a?ae ?o eiino?oeoeaieo ?
oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a. Cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo oaeoe/ii?
ieiu? eiioaeoo ? oa?i?/ieo inueiaeo aeaoi?iaoe?e ioiiethth/eo aeaoaeae
i?e eiia?iiaaiiio oa?i?/iiio iaoiae? neeaaeaiiy. C aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo
e?ioeaai-aeaiaioiiai aiae?co aeeiiaii eiiieaen aeine?aeaeaiue oaieiaiai
? iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai oeee?iae?e/iiai
c’?aeiaiiy, ui aeicaieeei ?ic?iaeoe iaa?oioiaai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aeey
?ic?aooie?a ? i?iaeooaaiiy aa?aoai ?c i?aeaeuaieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie
i?oeiino?.
I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe. Cai?iiiiiaai? iaoiaeeee aeine?aeaeaiiy oa
?o aeai?eoi?/ia ? i?ia?aiii-iaoaiaoe/ia caaacia/aiiy aeicaieythoue
aeei?enoiaoaaoe io?eiai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? a ?iaeaia?i?e i?aeoeoe? i?e
ae??oaii? caaea/ ?ic?aooieo oa i?iaeooaaiiy aaaaoiaeaiaioieo
oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue c iaoyaii aeaoaeae iaeiai ae?aiao?o c
aeei?enoaiiyi eiia?iiaaiiai oa?i?/iiai iaoiaeo neeaaeaiiy.
Iniaenoee aianie aeena?oaioa iieyaa? a iinoaiiaoe? oa ae??oaii?
iniiaieo oai?aoe/ieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo caaea/, iia’ycaieo ?c
?ic?iaeith eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo aei ?ic?aooieo i?oeiino?
aaaaoiaeaiaioieo oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue i?e eiia?iiaaiiio oa?i?/iiio
iaoiae? neeaaeaiiy. Cie?aia, aaoi?o iaeaaeaoue iniiai? ?aea? iaoiaeeee
aeine?aeaeaiiy e aiae?oe/iiai ?ic?aooieo oaieiaiai ?
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio aeaoaeae ?c ??cieie o?ceei-iaoai?/ieie
aeanoeainoyie a i?ioean? oi?ioaaii? iaoyao. Iei anoaiiaeaii
aca?iica’ycie i?ae oa?i?/ieie aeaoi?iaoe?yie ? caeiiii??iinoyie
?iciiae?eo iai?oa a aeine?aeieo c’?aeiaiiyo oa ?o eiino?oeoeaieie ?
oaoiieia?/ieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie, ui aeicaieeei cai?iiiioaaoe a?eueo
iaa?oioiaai? caeaaeiino? aeey ?ic?aooieo i?oeiino? oa oi/iino? aa?aoaia
e?eueoeai?yaeeeueii? iaoeie.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeeny oa
iaea?aeaee iiceoeaio ioe?ieo ia ?yae? iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo eiioa?aioe?e,
cie?aia, “Oaoiieia?? ?aiiioo iaoei, iaoai?ci?a ? onoaoeoaaiiy” (i.
Aeoooa. -1999 ?.), “No/ani? iaoa??aee, oaoiieia??, onoaoeoaaiiy oa
?ino?oiaioe a iaoeiiaoaeoaaii?” (i. Ee?a – 1999 ?.), “No/ani?
?ioi?iaoe?ei? e aia?aicaa??aath/? oaoiieia?? aeeoo?caaacia/aiiy
ethaeeie” (i. Eai’yiaoeue-Iiae?eueneee – 1998 ?.), ia iaoeiaeo
eiioa?aioe?yo i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo Ee?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo oaoiieia?e oa aeecaeio (1997-1999 ?.?.).
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 22 ae?oeiaai?
?iaioe.
No?oeoo?a e ia’?i ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, 4-o
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e. ?iaioa i?noeoue
132 noi??iee, 28 ?enoie?a ? 14 oaaeeoeue. Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e
i?noeoue 120 iaeiaioaaiue.
CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaia aeooaeuei?noue oaie ?iaioe, aeaia ei?ioea
oa?aeoa?enoeea noaio i?iaeaie, iinoaaeai? iaoa ? caaea/?, noi?ioeueiaai?
iaoeiaa iiaecia ? i?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiue. Noi?ioeueiaaii iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ?icaeyioo? a
aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio?, oa iaea?eueo aaaeeea? ?acoeueoaoe, ui
aeiinyoueny ia caoeno.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? i?iaaaeaii aiae?c iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e oa
?ioi?iaoe?? a ia?aae? “Internet” ca aeiiiiiaith ?ioi?iaoe?eii-iiooeiaeo
nenoai “Rambler” oa “Yahoo”, yeee aeicaieea e?eoe/ii ioe?ieoe ia?aaaae ?
iaaeie?ee ?nioth/eo eiino?oeoe?e aa?aoai e?eueoeai?yaeeeueii? iaoeie,
onoaiiaeoe iniiai? aenieoaoaoe?ei? oa oaoiieia?/i? aeiiae aei ieo,
ocaaaeueieoe oa nenoaiaoecoaaoe aeina?ae i?iaeooaaiiy oa aeaioiaeaiiy
aa?aoaia c o?aooaaiiyi no/anieo aenieioaeaee?nieo ?aaeei?a eiai ?iaioe.
Iieacaii aca?iica’ycie eiino?oeoeaieo ? oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a
aa?aoaia c eiai aenieoaoaoe?eieie iieacieeaie: i?oei?noth oa oi/i?noth
c’?aeiaiiy aeaoaeae, ?o ?ia?oe?ei?noth oa naaeainiaai?noth eiino?oeoe??.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui ?nioth/? oaoiieia?/i? niiniae aeaioiaeaiiy aa?aoaia a
cia/i?e i??? aieeaathoue ia oe? iieacieee ? a aeayeeo aeiaaeeao ia
caaacia/othoue iaiao?aeio i?oei?noue ? oi/i?noue aca?iiiai ?icoaooaaiiy
aeaoaeae. O oie aea /an a?aeiii, ui aeei?enoaiiy oa?i?/ieo iaoiae?a i?e
neeaaeaii? iiae?aieo aei aa?aoaia aaaaoiaeaiaioieo ae?ia?a ?c
iinaaei/iei ae?aiao?ii aei 10 ii aeicaiey? caaacia/eoe cia/ia
i?aeaeuaiiy oa?aeoa?enoee i?oeiino? aa?aoaia a ii??aiyii? c
cai?aniaoaaiiyi. Aea aeei?enoaiith eiia?iiaaieo oa?i?/ieo iaoiae?a i?e
aeaioiaeaii? aa?aoaia ia?aoeiaeaea? a?aenooi?noue /?oeeo ? iaa?oioiaaieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e, iia’ycaieo c ioe?ieith ye?nieo ia?aiao??a ae?ia?a.
I/aaeaeii, ui i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue o oe?e iaeano? c iaoith
ooi/iaiiy aieeao eiino?oeoeaieo ? oaoiieia?/ieo /eiiee?a ia i?oei?noue ?
iaae?ei?noue c’?aeiaiue aeaoaeae aa?aoaia, a oaeiae ooi/iaiiy o?ceee
i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a cii? eiioaeoo aeaoaeae, aacnoii?aii, ?
aeooaeueiei ? nai?/aniei.
Ana ia?a?aoiaaia aeua aeicaieeei noi?ioethaaoe iaoo oa caaea/?
aeine?aeaeaiue, ?ica’ycaiiy yeeo aeicaieeoue a?eueo iaa?oioiaaii
aeeiioaaoe ?ic?aooiie ? aea?? eiino?oeoeaii-oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a
aaaaoiaeaiaioieo oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue ?c iaoyaii, ui caaacia/othoue
i?aeaeuai? aenieoaoaoe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee, ? ?ic?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe??
aeey aeei?enoaiiy eiia?iiaaiiai oa?i?/iiai iaoiaeo i?e neeaaeaii?
no/anieo aenieioaeaee?nieo aa?aoai e?eueoeai?yaeeeueieo iaoei.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? iinoaaeaia oa ae??oaia caaea/a ?ic?aooieo oaeoe/ii?
ieiu? eiioaeoo aeaoaeae aa?aoaia, i?e oa?i?/ieo iaoiaeao ?o neeaaeaiiy.
Caaea/a iiaeaia a caaaeueiiio aeae? oa ?icaeyaea?oueny a?aeiia?aeii aei
??oaiiy Eyia ia aac? “noa?e/ii?” iiaeae? oi?noeino?. Aeey ?ic?aooieo
aeei?enoai? aeai? i?i ?ici??e aeaoaeae, ii/aoeiaee iaoya , ia?aiao?e
oi?noeino? (Rmax ) eiioaeooth/eo iiaa?oiiue, i?oaei? eiinoaioe
iaoa??ae?a, a oaeiae aeai? i?i ieanoe/io oaa?ae?noue H iaoa??aeo
aeaoaeae. A ?acoeueoao? a?aeiia?aeieo iiia?aaei?o ?ic?aooie?a aoea
io?eiaia caeaaei?noue aeey aecia/aiiy oaeoe/ii? ieiu? eiioaeoo So: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 (1)
aea: d – ae?aiao? niieo/aiiy; i ? w – ia?aiao?e iii?ii? e?eai?; K-
eiao?oe??io neeiai? iiae?aiino?; a – ?ici?? caeeaeaiiy aeaoaeae; ai –
caeeoeiaa /anoeia caeeaeaiiy a eiioaeo?; ao – i?oaeia /anoeia caeeaeaiiy
a eiioaeo?, Si – iii?iaeueia ieiua eiioaeoo; n- ei?oo?oe??io ieoiii?
oaiei?iiino? iaio oaa?aeiai c iaoa??ae?a aeaoaeae.
Cai?iiiiiaaia caeaaei?noue aeicaiey?, a?aoiaoth/e eiino?oeoeai? oa
oaoiieia?/i? oaeoi?e, ciaeoe oaeoe/io ieiuo eiioaeoo aeaoaeae, yea
iaaeae? aeei?enoiao?oueny i?e ?ic?aooieao i?oeiino? oeee?iae?e/ieo
c’?aeiaiue ?c iaoyaii aeaoaeae ?c ??cieie o?ceei-iaoai?/ieie
aeanoeainoyie.
O ?icae?e? iiaeaia iaoiaeeea aeine?aeaeaiue oaieiaiai ?
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai oeee?iae?e/iiai
c’?aeiaiiy, noi?iiaaiiai eiia?iiaaiei oa?i?/iei niiniaii. A iniiao
iaoiaeeee iieeaaeaia /enaeueia ?aae?caoe?y iaoiaeo e?ioeaaeo aeaiaio?a.
Ia ?en.1 iaaaaeaia ?ic?aooieiaa noaia nenoaie aca?iiae?th/eo i?oaeieo
o?e iaa?oaiiy, ia ye? ae?? ia??aiii??ia iaa??aaiiy.
Noaia iaeneiaeueii iaaeeaeaia aei ?aaeueii? eiino?oeoe?? c’?aeiaiiy
aeaoaeae aa?aoaia oeio AIO-28-14 ? a?aoiao? neeaaei?noue eiino?oeoeaieo
oi?i c’?aeiaiiy, oa?aeoa? iaaaioaaeaiiy oa aca?iiae?? c iaaeieeoi?i
na?aaeiaeuai.
I?e ?ic?aooieo ia?aaeaa/aeiny, ui a iiiaio ne??ieaiiy aeaoaeae
oi?iaeaeue 1, ioieiaeaeaiee aei oaiia?aoo?e -142N, aei/ie 2 ? ianaaeea 3
iaa??o? a?aeiia?aeii aei oaiia?aoo? 173 ? 92N. I?e oeueiio caaeaaaeeny
ianooii? e?iaiaoe/i? a?aie/i? oiiae: i?aaee oi?aoeue oi?iaeaey aaaaeaany
cae??ieaiei a?ae inueiaeo cnoa?a, ia ae?eyieao AA ? CD caaeaaaany iaoya
2 = 25 iei, ia ae?eyioe? MN niieo/aiiy aei/ea ? ianaaeee caaeaaaeeny
a?aie/i? oiiae eiioaeooaaiiy iiaa?oiiue aac oa?oy (fo? = 0), i?ae e?aei
oi?oeai oi?iaeaey oa ianaaeeith ia?aaeaa/aany caci? = 0.1 ii.
?en.1. ?ic?aooieiaa noaia aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai c’?aeiaiiy aeaoaeae aa?aoaia
oeio AIO-28-14 e?eueoeai?yaeeeueii? iaoeie; 1- aae (oi?iaeaeue), 2 –
aei/ie ? 3 – ianaaeea.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio c’?aeiaiiy
cae?enithaaeeny c aeei?enoaiiyi iniiaieo iieiaeaiue oai???
oa?iii?oaeiino?. Ia ia?oiio aoai? aeey ia?aieo iiiaio?a /ano
aecia/aeeny ianoaoe?iia?i? oaiia?aoo?i? iiey a oiiaao eiiaaeoeaiiai
oaieiiai?io ciai?oi?o iiaa?oiiue c’?aeiaiiy c iaaeieeoi?i na?aaeiaeuai.
C’?aeiaiiy oi?iaeaeue-ianaaeea ia? a?eueo iecueeo oaiia?aoo?o, i?ae
c’?aeiaiiy oi?iaeaeue-aei/ie, ui coiiaeaii a?eueo aenieith ii/aoeiaith
oaiia?aoo?ith aei/ea a iiiaio ne??ieaiiy aeaoaeae. A i?ioean?
oaieiiai?io oa oi?ioaaiiy iaoyao a c’?aeiaiiyo aa?aoaia aeieeathoue
oaiia?aoo?i? aeaoi?iaoe??, ?aae?aeuei?, inueia? oa oaiaaioe?aeuei?
iai?oae, oa?aeoa? eio?eo iaiao?aeii anoaiiaeoe.
Ia ae?oaiio aoai? i?e caaeaieo e?iaiaoe/ieo a?aie/ieo oiiaao aecia/aany
oa?iiiai?oaeaiee noai c’?aeiaiiy a?ae ae?? ?ic?aooieiaeo oaiia?aoo?ieo
iie?a. Ia iniia? ?ic?aooieiaeo aeaieo iiaoaeiaai? a?ao?/i? caeaaeiino?,
ui aeicaieythoue aecia/aoe eiioaeoi? oenee oa ?oi?e ?iciiae?e o
c’?aeiaii? aeey iaea?eueo oa?aeoa?ieo (?c iiaeyaeo oaiia?aoo?iiai noaio)
iiiaio?a /ano. Io?eiai? aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino? aeicaieythoue
iaa?oioiaaii i?aeoiaeeoe aei ae??oaiiy ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo ?c i?oei?noth
oa oi/i?noth c’?aeiaiue i?e eiia?iiaaiiio neeaaeaii?.
sse aeaeii c? noaie (?en. 2), i?e ae??aithaaii? oaiia?aoo?e a c’?aeiaii?
i?ae ae??th ?aae?aeueieo ? oaiaaioe?aeueieo iai?oa i?ae aei/eii ?
ianaaeeith aeieea? oi?oeaaee caci?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.
?en. 2. Noaia aca?iiiai ?icoaooaaiiy aeaoaeae aeine?aeieo c’?aeiaiue,
1- oi?iaeaeue, 2 – aei/ie, 3- ianaaeea.
O ?iaio? io?eiai? caeaaeiino? aaee/eie inueiaeo ia?ai?uaiue oi?oeaaeo
iiaa?oiiue aei/ea ? ianaaeee a?ae eiino?oeoeaieo ? oaoiieia?/ieo
ia?aiao??a c’?aeiaiiy.
Aeey ?ic?aooieo oi?oeaaiai caci?o i?eeiyoa oaea caeaaei?noue: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 (2)
aea: d – ae?aiao? niieo/aiiy, d1 – ae?aiao? aooeee, – aaee/eia iaoyao a
c’?aeiaii?, – eiao?oe??io Ioanniia; h – aeiaaeeia niieo/aiiy
aeaoaeae.
O ?iaio? cai?iiiiiaai? eiino?oeoeai? oa oaoiieia?/i? ??oaiiy, ui
aeicaieythoue iaeneiaeueii ciaioeoe oa?i?/i? inueia? aeaoi?iaoe?? ? oei
naiei i?aeaeueoe aenieoaoaoe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee aa?aoaia. ?o nooue
caiaeeoueny aei aeei?enoaiiy i?ii?aeieo i?ioa?e?a (aaeueaai?/ieo oa
eeaeiaeo iie?eoo?a), ye? iaiinyoueny ia ae?eyieao A oa A (?en.2) ciie
eiioaeoo aeaoaeae. A ?acoeueoao? oeueiai ia e?ioeyo eiioaeooth/eo
iiaa?oiiue iaoya ?, a?aeiia?aeii, eiioaeoiee oene ciaioothoueny, ui
i?ecaiaeeoue aei cieaeaiiy iai?oaeaiiai noaio ioiiethth/eo aeaoaeae ?
ciaioaiiy aaee/eie inueiaeo ia?ai?uaiue ?o oi?oeueiaeo iiaa?oiiue i?e
iaci?ii?e i?oeiino? c’?aeiaiiy.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? i?iaaaeai? aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy
oaeoe/ii? ieiu? eiioaeoo c’?aeiaiue i?e oa?i?/ieo iaoiaeao neeaaeaiiy.
Aeey aiae?co aieeao ??cieo oaeoi??a ia oaeoe/io ieiuo eiioaeoo So o
c’?aeiaii? aoee aeeiiai? aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? aeeth/athoue neeaaeaiiy
aeaio ia?o?e niaoe?aeueii i?aeaioiaeaieo c’?aeiaiue oeio “aae-aooeea” c
??ciei iaoyaii. Aaee aeaioiaeyee c eaooi? E62, a aooeee – ?c noae? 45,
iiaa?oith aaeo iie??oaaee, a eiioaeoio iiaa?oith aooeee – ?icoi/oaaee.
Ia?aae neeaaeaiiyi ia iie??iaaio ciai?oith iiaa?oith aaeo iaieeyee
oiieo aoa?eueio ie?aeo. I?ney ioieiaeaeaiiy c?a?aiiai c’?aeiaiiy aei
e?iiaoii? oaiia?aoo?e aooeeo ?ic??caee ocaeiaae ia aea? ??ai? /anoeie,
ci?iaee c aaeo, a iiaa?oith aaeo oioia?aooaaee /a?ac i?e?ineii O?I-21 ?
aecia/aee ieiuo eiioaeoo oeyoii ieai?iao?oaaiiy ca?eueoaiiai
cia?aaeaiiy. I?e oeueiio aei??thaaee ieiuo SR i?iaeoe?? oaeoe/ii? ieiu?
eiioaeoo So oa ?ic?aoiaoaaee a?aeiinio ieiuo eiioaeoo Si. Aiae?c
iieacaa, ui cia/aiiy a?aeiinii? ieiu? eiioaeoo Si, io?eiai?
?ic?aooieiaei ? aeine?aeiei oeyoaie, iathoue ?ica?aeiino? a iaaeao
20-25%, ui aeey ?iaeaia?ieo ?ic?aooie?a aaaaea?oueny caaeia?eueiei.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui ca?eueoaiiy ae?aiao?a niieo/aiiy oa oaa?aeino? iaoa??aeo
aeaoaeae i?ecaiaeeoue aei ciaioaiiy aaee/eie a?aeiinii? oaeoe/ii? ieiu?
eiioaeoo Si. Aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao oi?noeino?, ui oa?aeoa?eco?oueny
eiiieaenii ia?aiao??a R, Rmax, i ? w, ye? i?eeiaeeny aeey iiaa?oiiue,
ui ia?iaeai? oi/?iiyi, iieacaee, ui aaee/eia SR i?aeoe/ii e?i?eii
caeaaeeoue a?ae ii/aoeiaiai iaoyao ? i?e ca?eueoaii? ?aae?on?a R aa?oei
aenooi?a ? iaeii/aniiio ciaioaii? oi?noeino? Rmax , c?inoa?, oiaoi
oi?ioea (1) ye?nii a??ii a?aeia?aaeo? ?aaeueio caeiiii??i?noue.
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy oaieiaiai ? iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai
noaio c’?aeiaiiy c iaoyaii i?iaiaeeeeny c aeei?enoaiiyi i?ia?aiiiai
iaeaoo aeey e?ioeaai-aeaiaioiiai ?ic?aooieo ieineeo ? a?naneiao?e/ieo
aeaiaio?a iaoeiiaoae?aieo eiino?oeoe?e. Aeey ?ic?aooieo i?eeiaeeny
aiae?oe/ii ?ic?aoiaai? cia/aiiy oaoiieia?/ieo (oaiia?aoo?a iaa??aaiiy e
ioieiaeaeaiiy, aaee/eie iaoyao ? oi?noeinoae iiaa?oiiue, ye?
niieo/athoueny) ? eiino?oeoeaieo ia?aiao??a, a iio?i aecia/aeenue
?aae?aeuei? ia?ai?uaiiy iinaaei/ieo ? ciai?oi?o iiaa?oiiue aeaoaeae,
oa?aeoa? ci?ie oaiia?aoo?e ? iai?oa ocaeiaae ?aae?ona aei/ea ? ianaaeee,
?ic?aoiaoaaeenue inueia?, oaiaaioe?ei? e aea?aaeaioi? iai?oae a ??ci?
iiiaioe /ano oi?ioaaiiy iaoyao.
Aiae?c io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a, cie?aia, iieaco?, ui ia e?ayo iinaaei/ieo
iiaa?oiiue aeaoaeae aeieea? eiioeaio?aoe?y iai?oa. O iiiaio ii/aoeo
oi?ioaaiiy iaoyao, ui oiiaii i?eeiyoee ??aiei 0,1 n, eiioaeoi? oenee ia
iinaaei/ieo iiaa?oiyo aeey c’?aeiaiiy oi?iaeaeue-ianaaeea aeinyaathoue
cia/aiue 35 IIa (?en.3, a), ia 5-e ? 180-e naeoiaeao cia/aiiy eiioaeoieo
oene?a i?aeoe/ii ca?aathoueny oa aei??aiththoue 118 IIa, aeinyaath/e 78
– 80% a?ae iai?oa iaoyao i?e O = 20i N. Oea iiynith?oueny aieeaii
?aae?aeueieo iai?oa, ye? aeieeathoue i?e iaa??aaii? iaoa??ae?a c ??cieie
o?ceei-iaoai?/ieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie.
?en. 3. Ci?ia ?aae?aeueieo iai?oa r, IIa acaeiaae iinaaei/ii? iiaa?oi?
c’?aeiaiiy oi?iaeaeue-aei/ie-ianaaeea i?e caaeaiiio iaoyc? ae ca /an t
oi?ioaaiiy c’?aeiaiiy; a) – o c’?aeiaii? oi?iaeaeue-ianaaeea; a) – o
c’?aeiaii? oi?iaeaeue-aei/ie.
Eiioaeoi? iai?oae ia 0,1-e naeoiae? ia eiioaeooth/eo iiaa?oiyo
c’?aeiaiiy oi?iaeaeue-aei/ie aei??aiththoue 63 Iia, ia 5-e ? 180-e
naeoiaeao a oeaio?aeuei?e /anoei? i?aeoe/ii aeinyaathoue cia/aiue,
coiiaeaieo caaeaiei iaoyaii oa aei??aiththoue 272 IIa (?en.3, a).
I?aai?o/ a?ae oeaio?o c’?aeiaiiy iai?oae aeaui ieae/?, ui iiynith?oue
ia??aiii??i?noth oaiia?aoo?iiai iiey a inueiaiio iai?yieo aeey aeaiiai
iiiaioo /ano.
Io?eiai? aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeai? c aeineoue aenieith oi/i?noth
i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue ?acoeueoaoe aiae?oe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, ui aeicaiey?
?aeiiaiaeoaaoe cai?iiiiiaaio iaoiaeeeo aeey ?ic?aooieo
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio a?aeiia?aeaeueieo ae?ia?a
iaoeiiaoae?aiiai ae?iaieoeoaa i?e ?oiueiio i?iaeooaaii? oa neeaaeaii?
eiia?iiaaiei iaoiaeii.
A ?iaio? aeeiiaii eiiieaen aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? aeathoue iiaeeea?noue
ioe?ieoe oaeoe/io i?oei?noue c’?aeiaiue i?e eiia?iiaaiiio oa?i?/iiio
iaoiae? ?o neeaaeaiiy. Aiie ia?aaeaa/aee ieaioaaiiy aenia?eiaioo, eiai
i?iaaaeaiiy e ii?aoethaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ?c aeei?enoaiiyi ?nioth/eo
iaoiae?a iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee i?e iiooeo iioeiaeueieo oiia. Aoei
i?iaaaeaii neeaaeaiiy ie?aieo c’?aeiaiue aa?aoaia ??cieie iaoiaeaie oa
?o ?ici?anniaoaaiiy.
sse aeaeii c oaaee/ieo aeaieo (oaae.1) aeey c’?aeiaiue aei/ie-oi?iaeaeue
? aei/ie-ianaaeea i?oei?noue ia inueiaee cnoa aeinyaa? a?aeiia?aeii 81,5
? 3,9 eI, ui a 2,8 ? 2,15 ?ac?a a?eueoa i?ae i?oei?noue oeeo c’?aeiaiue
i?e iaoai?/iiio cai?aniaoaaii? oa ia 10-15 % a?eueoa i?ae i?e
oa?i?/iiio neeaaeaii?. Oeae iaoiae aeicaiey? ciaioeoe oaiia?aoo?o
iaa??aaiiy aeaoaeae ?c 300i N aei 80i N, ui ia? ?noioiee aieea ia
cieaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo iai?oa o aeaoaeyo.
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? cai?iiiiiaaii ?ic?aooiie ?aaeei?a oa?i?/iiai
aieeao ia eiioaeooth/? aeaoae? c ??cieie o?ceei-iaoai?/ieie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie i?e eiia?iiaaiiio iaoiae? neeaaeaiiy, yeee aeicaiey?
aecia/aoe iaiao?aeio oaiia?aoo?o iaa??aaiiy oa ioieiaeaeaiiy aeey
aeaoaeae c’?aeiaiiy a iiiaio ii/aoeo ?oiueiai eiioaeooaaiiy.
Oaaeeoey 1. I?oei?noue ia inueiaee cnoa oa ii??aiyeueia i?oei?noue
aeine?aeieo c’?aeiaiue, c?a?aieo ??cieie iaoiaeaie (iaoya – 0,0200,002
ii, ae?aiao? ? aeiaaeeia iinaaeee 8 ii, iaoa??ae aeaoaeae: oi?iaeaey ?
aei/ea – noaeue 45, ianaaeee – nieaa AE4)
Oei c’?aeiaiiy
Iaoiae neeaaeaiiyI?oei?noue ia inueiaee cnoa, eIIi??aiyeueia i?oei?noue,
%
Oi?iaeaeue- aei/ie
Iaoai?/ia cai?aniaoaaiiy
Iaa??aaiiy aei/ea aei 3000N
Iaa??aaiiy aei/ea aei aei 1800 N, ioieiaeaeaiiy no?eaeiy aei -195,80 N
29,1
77,1
81,5100,0
265,0
280,0
Oi?iaeaeue-ianaaeea Iaoai?/ia cai?aniaoaaiiy
Iaa??aaiiy ianaaeee aei 2000N
Iaa??aaiiy ianaaeee aei 180 0N, ioieiaeaeaiiy no?eaeiy aei -195,80 N
1,8
3.6
3,9
100,0
201,0
215,0
?ic?iaeaii iaoiae aeai?o oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a oi/iino? neeaaeaiiy
c’?aeiaiue ? iiaoaeiaaia a?ao?/ia caeaaei?noue, yea aeicaiey? i?e
a?aeiieo eiino?oeoeaieo ia?aiao?ao aecia/aoe aeiionoeiee eoo iiaeeeaiai
ia?aeino inae aeaoaeae i?e neeaaeaii?, aaee/eio oaiia?aoo?iiai aieeao ia
aeaoae?, aaee/eie ci?ie ae?aiao??a iinaaeee d i?e a?aeii?e oaiia?aoo??
iaa??aaiiy oa ioieiaeaeaiiy aeaoaeae o ii/aoeiaee iiiaio neeaaeaiiy.
Anoaiiaeaii aca?iica’ycie i?ae /aniaeie oa oaiia?aoo?ieie ?aaeeiaie
neeaaeaeueiiai i?ioeano, ui aeicaiey? iaa?oiooaaoe aeiiae aei
neeaaeaeueiiai iaeaaeiaiiy aeey aeaioiaeaiiy aa?aoaia oa?i?/ieie
iaoiaeaie.
O ?icae?e? iicia/aia iaeanoue canoinoaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue
o ??cieo aaeocyo i?iieneiaino? ? iieacai? ia?niaeoeae aeei?enoaiiy
eiia?iiaaiiai oa?i?/iiai iaoiaeo neeaaeaiiy oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue ?c
iaoyaii.
AENIIAEE
1. Io?eiaii oai?aoe/i? oa aenia?eiaioaeuei? caeaaeiino?, ui
aeicaieythoue ca caaeaieie eiino?oeoeaieie ? oaoiieia?/ieie ia?aiao?aie
aeaoaeae aaaaoiaeaiaioieo oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue c o?aooaaiiyi
?oiueiai iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio ?ic?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aeey
?ic?aooieo ? i?iaeooaaiiy aa?aoaia e?eueoeai?yaeeeueii? iaoeie c
i?aeaeuaieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie i?oeiino?.
2. Oai?aoe/ii anoaiiaeaii e aenia?eiaioaeueii i?aeoaa?aeaeaii, ui ia
i?oei?noue oeee?iae?e/ieo aaaaoiaeaiaioieo c’?aeiaiue aeaoaeae c
??cieie o?ceei-iaoai?/ieie aeanoeainoyie i?e eiia?iiaaiiio oa?i?/iiio
iaoiae? neeaaeaiiy ?noioii aieeaathoue i?ioeane oaieiiai?io ? oa?aeoa?
?iciiae?eo iai?oa. Onoaiiaeaii, ui caaaeyee ?ioaineaiiio oaieiiai?io
oaea ia 5-e naeoiae? eiioaeooaaiiy iai?oae o aeaoaeyo aeinyaathoue 80 %
a?ae iai?oa noi?iiaaiiai c’?aeiaiiy. C aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo e?ioeaaeo
aeaiaio?a ?ic?aoiaai? cia/aiiy oa?i?/ieo aeaoi?iaoe?e o c’?aeiaiiyo
aa?aoaia, anoaiiaeaii oa?aeoa? ? iioeiaeueiee ia??iae oi?ioaaiiy
iaoyao.
3. Anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e caaeaieo aaee/eiao iaoyao 2=25 iei o cii?
eiioaeoo aeaoaeae oi?iaeaeue-aei/ie a?aeaoaathoueny i?oaei? aeaoi?iaoe??
iaoa??ae?a, a a cii? eiioaeoo aeaoaeae oi?iaeaeue-ianaaeea –
i?oaeiueiieanoe/i?. Iieacaii, ui ii e?ayo iinaaei/ieo iiaa?oiiue
c’?aeiaiiy niinoa??aa?oueny eiioeaio?aoe?y iai?oa ? aea?aaeaioi?
iai?oae aeinyaathoue iaae ieeiiino? iaoa??aeo, ui iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe
i?e ?ic?aooieao oaeeo c’?aeiaiue.
4. Cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo oaeoe/ii? ieiu? eiioaeoo a
c’?aeiaii? c iaoyaii c o?aooaaiiyi o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae
aeaoaeae ? iaoiae?a i?aeaioiaee ?oi?o iiaa?oiiue. Aeey ?ic?aooieo
aeei?enoiaoaaeeny aeai? i?i ?ici??e aeaoaeae c’?aeiaiiy, ii/aoeiaee
iaoya, ia?aiao?e oi?noeino? ni?yaeaieo iiaa?oiiue, i?oaei? eiinoaioe
iaoa??ae?a, a oaeiae i?i ieanoe/io oaa?ae?noue iaoa??aeo oi? aeaoae?,
yea a i?ioean? neeaaeaiiy ieanoe/ii aeaoi?io?oueny a ciiao oaeoe/iiai
eiioaeoo. Iaoiaeeea aeicaiey? aeae?aoe i?e i?iaeooaaii? oae? niieo/aiiy
ia?aiao??a c’?aeiaiiy aeaoaeae ?c iaoyaii, ui caaacia/othoue iaea?aeaiiy
iaiao?aeii? oaeoe/ii? ieiu? eiioaeoo iiaa?oiiue.
5. Ia iniia? aiae?co aieeao ??cieo oaeoi??a ia oaiia?aoo?i? aeaoi?iaoe??
ioiiethth/eo aeaoaeae i?e eiia?iiaaiiio oa?i?/iiio iaoiae? neeaaeaiiy
aa?aoaia aoee cai?iiiiiaai? caeaaeiino?, ui aeicaieythoue iaeneiaeueii
ciaioeoe oa?i?/i? inueia? ia?ai?uaiiy oi?oeueiaeo iiaa?oiiue aei/ea oa
ianaaeee, ye? aieeaathoue ia aenieoaoaoe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee aa?aoaia.
6. Aenia?eiaioaeueii anoaiiaeaii, ui eiia?iiaaiee iaoiae neeaaeaiiy
caaacia/o? i?oei?noue o c’?aeiaiiyo aei/ie – oi?iaeaeue ?
aei/ie-ianaaeea a?aeiia?aeii a 2,8 ? 2,1 ?ace a?eueoo, i?ae iaoai?/ia
cai?aniaoaaiiy ? ia 10-15% a?eueoo, i?ae neeaaeaiiy c iaa??aaiiyi.
7. ?ic?iaeaii aeai?eoi ? i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy ?ic?aooie?a i?oeiino?
c’?aeiaiue c o?aooaaiiyi oaoiieia?/ieo, eiino?oeoeaieo ?
o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee aeaoaeae, c?a?aieo eiia?iiaaiei
oa?i?/iei iaoiaeii, ye? aeicaieythoue o ae?iaie/eo oiiaao iaa?oioiaaii
i?iaiaeeoe aea?? ? ?ic?aooiie iioeiaeueii? eiino?oeoe?? c’?aeiaiue ?
ia?aiao??a ?oiueiai neeaaeaiiy.
NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO ?IA?O II OAI? AeENA?OAOe??
1. Iai?nueeee ?.E., Coa?aoeueea I.A., Iioaiaae Eanei Aeueaac?, Caie?i
A.N. Oaoiieia?/i? iaoiaee i?aeaeuaiiy iaae?eiino? c’?aeiaiue c iaoyaii
// Aeni?an-iiaeie: iaoea,oaoi?ea, ae?iaieoeoai. – 1997. – ? 11-12. – N.
28-29.
2. Caieei A.N., Coa?aoeeay I.A., Aoiaae I.A.Aaaaiiao. Iaoiaeu eiio?iey
i?i/iinoe niaaeeiaiee n iaoyaii i?e oa?ie/aneeo iaoiaeao nai?ee //
Niaoe. aeione aeo?iaeo “Aei??thaaeueia oa ia/enethaaeueia oaoi?ea a
oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioeanao”. -Aei. 2. – Ia?oai?ae. – 1997. – N. 83-87.
3. Coa?aoeueea I.A., Iai?nueeee ?.E., I.O.Aaee? Oeoai?, Caie?i A.N.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a cae?a?iino? c?aeiaiue i?e aaaaoiaeaiaioiiio
neeaaeaii? iaeiaaaa?eoieo aeaoaeae // Niaoe. aeione aeo?iaeo
“Aei??thaaeueia oa ia/enethaaeueia oaoi?ea a oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioeanao. –
Aei. 3.- Ei. 3.- Eaiyiaoeue-Iiae?euenueeee. – 1998. – N. 90-94.
4. Arpentyev B.M., Zenkin A.S., Eizalli N.L., Zubretskaya N.A. Cechy
charakterysticzne projektowania urzadzen do montazu polaczen
skurczowych. (Iniaaiiinoe nicaeaiey noaieia aeey nai?ee niaaeeiaiee n
oa?iiaicaeaenoaeai) // Technologia i automatyzacja montazu zespolow
maszyn i urzadzen .- Warszawa. – 1998. – ?3 (21). – N.31-34.
5. Coa?aoeeay I.A., Iai?neee E.E., I.O.Aaee? Oeoaie. Enneaaeiaaiea
i?ioeannia niae?aaiinoe niaaeeiaiee i?e iiiaiyeaiaioiie nai?ea //
Nia?aiaiiua oaoiieiaee iaoeiino?iaiey, i?ia?anneaiua iaoiaeeee
i?aiiaeaaaiey a aoca. – Aui. 2.- Eeaa: ENII. – 1998.- N.47-52.
6. Caie?i A.N., Iai?nueeee ?.E., Coa?aoeueea I.A. Canoinoaaiiy oa?i?/ieo
iaoiae?a aeey i?aeaeuaiiy ye?nieo iieaciee?a c?aeiaiue c iaoyaii
oeee?iae?e/ieo aeaoaeae // I?aoe? I?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? eiio.
“I?ia?aneaia oaoi?ea ? oaoiieia?y iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy, i?eeaaeiaoaeoaaiiy
? caa?thaaeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa”. – Ee?a. – 1998. – N. 421-426.
7. Coa?aoeeay I.A., Iai?neee E.E., Oaieie Oaeaea? Ionaao, Caieei A.N.
Iaoiaeu ii?aaeaeaiey ea/anoaaiiuo ia?aiao?ia ?aaiou aa?aoai
eieueoeai?yaeeeueiuo iaoei // Nai?iee noaoae ii iaoa?eaeai 5-e
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii-iaoiaee/aneie eiioa?aioeee “Nia?aiaiiua
oaoiieiaee, yeiiiieea e yeieiaey a i?iiuoeaiiinoe, ia o?ainii?oa e a
naeueneii oicyenoaa”. – Aeoooa. – 1998. – N. 288-292.
8. Coa?aoeeay I.A., Caieei I.A., Oeioeiaa I.A. Noaiaea?oecaoeey e
na?oeoeeaoeey i?iaeoeoeee ia iaoeiino?ieoaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo Oe?aeiu
// Iao/iue aeo?iae “Ia?niiae”.- 1999. – ? 3 (51).- N.84-87.
9. Oeioeiaa I.A., Coa?aoeueea I.A., I.O.Aaee? Oeoai?. Oi?aae?iiy ye?noth
i?iaeoeoe?? o no/anieo oiiaao // Aeni?an-iiaeie: iaoea, oaoi?ea,
ae?iaieoeoai. – 1999. – ? 9-10.- N. 11-12.
AIIOAOe?ss
Coa?aoeueea Iaoae?y Aiaoie??aia. Aieea eiino?oeoeaieo ? oaoiieia?/ieo
ia?aiao??a ia i?oei?noue c’?aeiaiue aeaoaeae aa?aoaia
e?eueoeai?yaeeeueii? iaoeie. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy o/aiiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe ca
oaoii 05.02.02 – iaoeiiciaanoai.- Ee?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao
oaoiieia?e oa aeecaeio, Ee?a, 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ae??oaiith ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo c iaea?aeaiiyi
aiae?oe/ieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo caeaaeiinoae, ui aeicaieythoue c
o?aooaaiiyi aieeao eiino?oeoeaieo ? oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a aeaoaeae
caaacia/eoe i?aeaeuaiiy i?oeiino? oa oi/iino? aaaaoiaeaiaioieo
oeee?iae?e/ieo c’?aeiaiue aa?aoaia e?eueoeai?yaeeeueii? iaoeie,
noi?iiaaieo eiia?iiaaiei oa?i?/iei iaoiaeii.
Io?eiai? caeaaeiino? aeey ?ic?aooie?a oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a oa
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio aaaaoiaeaiaioieo oeee?iae?e/ieo
c’?aeiaiue c iaoyaii i?e ?oiueiio eiia?iiaaiiio oa?i?/iiio neeaaeaii?.
Cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo oaeoe/ii? ieiu? eiioaeoo c
o?aooaaiiyi o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae aeaoaeae ? iaoiae?a
i?aeaioiaee eiioaeoieo iiaa?oiiue. Onoaiiaeaii caeaaeiino?, ui
aeicaieythoue aecia/eoe ? iaeneiaeueii ciaioeoe cia/aiiy inueiaeo
ia?ai?uaiue oi?oeueiaeo iiaa?oiiue aei/ea ? ianaaeee, ye? aieeaathoue ia
aenieoaoaoe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee aa?aoaia.
?ic?iaeaii aeai?eoi ? i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy aeey ?ic?aooieo i?oeiino?
oa oaoiieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a c’?aeiaiue aa?aoaia oa iaa?oioiaaiiai aeai?o
eiai iioeiaeueii? eiino?oeoe?? i?e eiia?iiaaiiio oa?i?/iiio iaoiae?
neeaaeaiiy.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: aaaaoiaeaiaioia oeee?iae?e/ia c’?aeiaiiy, aa?aoaii,
i?oei?noue, aeaoi?iaoe?y, iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee noai, eiia?iiaaiee
oa?i?/iee iaoiae neeaaeaiiy.
AIIIOAOeEss
Coa?aoeeay Iaoaeey Aiaoieeaaia. Aeeyiea eiino?oeoeaiuo e
oaoiieiae/aneeo ia?aiao?ia ia i?i/iinoue niaaeeiaiee aeaoaeae aa?aoaia
eieueoeai?yaeeeueiie iaoeiu. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.02.02 – iaoeiiaaaeaiea.- Eeaaneee ainoaea?noaaiiue
oieaa?neoao oaoiieiaee e aeecaeia, Eeaa, 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia ?aoaieth aii?inia, naycaiiuo n iieo/aieai
aiaeeoe/aneeo e yenia?eiaioaeueiuo caaeneiinoae, iicaieythueo n o/aoii
aeeyiey eiino?oeoeaiuo e oaoiieiae/aneeo ia?aiao?ia aeaoaeae iaania/eoue
iiauoaiea i?i/iinoe e oi/iinoe iiiaiyeaiaioiuo oeeeeiae?e/aneeo
niaaeeiaiee aa?aoaia eieueoeai?yaeeeueiie iaoeiu, noi?ie?iaaiiuo
eiiaeie?iaaiiui oa?ie/aneei niiniaii.
Iieo/aiu caaeneiinoe aeey ?an/aoa oaoiieiae/aneeo ia?aiao?ia e
iai?yaeaiii-aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey iiiai?eaiaioiuo oeeeeiae?e/aneeo
niaaeeiaiee n iaoyaii i?e eo eiiaeie?iaaiiie oa?ie/aneie nai?ea.
I?aaeeiaeaia iaoiaeeea ?an/aoa oaeoe/aneie ieiuaaee eiioaeoa n o/aoii
oeceei-iaoaie/aneeo naienoa aeaoaeae e niiniaia iiaeaioiaee nii?yaaaiuo
iiaa?oiinoae.
Ia iniiaaiee aiaeeca aeeyiey ?acee/iuo oaeoi?ia ia oaiia?aoo?iua
aeaoi?iaoeee ioaaouaathueo aeaoaeae e aaee/eiu inaauo ia?aiauaiee eo
oi?oeaauo iiaa?oiinoae i?e eiiaeie?iaaiiii oa?ie/aneii niiniaa nai?ee
aa?aoaia auee i?aaeeiaeaiu caaeneiinoe, iicaieythuea iaeneiaeueii
oiaiueoeoue oa?ie/aneea inaaua ia?aiauaiey oi?oeaauo iiaa?oiinoae,
aeeythuea ia yenieoaoaoeeiiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee aa?aoaia.
?ac?aaioai aeai?eoi e i?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea aeey ?an/aoa i?i/iinoe e
oaoiieiae/aneeo ia?aiao?ia niaaeeiaiee aa?aoaia e iainiiaaiiiai auai?a
eo iioeiaeueiie eiino?oeoeee i?e eiiaeie?iaaiiii oa?ie/aneii iaoioiaea
nai?ee.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: iiiaiyeaiaioiia oeeeeiae?e/aneia niaaeeiaiea, aa?aoaii,
i?i/iinoue, aeaoi?iaoeey, iai?yaeaiii-aeaoi?ie?iaaiiia ninoiyiea,
eiiaeie?iaaiiue oa?ie/aneee iaoiae nai?ee.
THE SUMMARY
Zubretskaya Nataliya Anatolievna. The influence of constructive and
technological parameters on spindle details joinings stoutness in a
ring-spinning machin. – Manuscript.
Dissertation on winning of learned candidate degree of technical
sciences on professions 05.02.02 – mashin desi.- Kiev state technologies
and design university, Kiev, 1999.
Dissertation is devoted to settlement of questions, associated with
recipiency analytic and experimental dependencies, that allow to provide
toughness and exactness of multiple-unit cylindrical spindle joins,
formed by combined thermal method, with provision for constructive and
technological parameters
The dependences for computations of technological parameters and
tensely-deformed condition of multiple-unit cylindrical joins, formed by
combined thermal method were recevied.
The computation method of factual contact area with provision for
physicist-mechanical details properties and preparation methods of
contact surfaces was offered. Dependence, that allow to define and
gretly requse sense of axial shifts of bushings surfaces, which
influence on operational spindle descriptions was set.
The algorithm and software for computation of stoutness and
technological parameters of spindle joins for substantiated choice of
their optimum construction attached were developed.
Key words: multiple-unit cylindrical joins, spindle, stoutness,
deformation, tensely-deformed a codition, icombined thermal stowage
method.
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