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Вплив поверхнево-активних речовин та інших компонентів матриці на аналітичний сигнал катіонселективних мембранних електродів: Автореф. дис… канд. хі

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12

OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO

*a?ieoiaa Ienaia Na?a??aia

OAeE 543.252.1

AIEEA IIAA?OIAAI-AEOEAIEO ?A*IAEI OA ?IOEO EIIIIIAIO?A IAO?EOe?
IA AIAE?OE*IEE NEAIAE EAO?IINAEAEOEAIEO IAIA?AIIEO AEAEO?IAe?A

02.00.02 – aiae?oe/ia o?i?y

A a o i ? a o a ? a o

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa o?i?/ieo iaoe

Oa?e?a — 1999Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao?, I?i?noa?noai
ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – eaiaeeaeao o?i?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio,

Eia?iiaa E?ae?y Iaae?aia,

aeioeaio eaoaae?e o?i?/ii? iao?ieia??

Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?,

Aeaie Aa?ai Ai?eniae/,

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e ooieoe?iiaeueieo iaoa??ae?a

Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo

eaiaeeaeao o?i?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio,

Eoe?/aiei Na?a?e Aiaoie?eiae/,

aeioeaio eaoaae?e aiae?oe/ii? o?i??

Ee?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo

?i. O.A. Oaa/aiea

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Aei?i?iiao?ianueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao

(eaoaae?a aiae?oe/ii? o?i??), I?i?noa?noai

ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 10 ” aa?aniy 1999 p. o 1400 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.051.14 a Oa?e?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? (310077, i. Oa?e?a, ie. Naiaiaee, 4, aoae.
7-80).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue a Oeaio?aeuei?e iaoeia?e
a?ae?ioaoe? OAeO.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 2 eeiiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Eia?iiaa E.I.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe. Ca inoaii? o?e aeanyoe??//y ?iiiiao??y noaea
o?aaeeoe?eiith iaeanoth o?i?/iiai aiae?co. *?oei ie?aneeeenue
iiaeeeaino? canoinoaaiiy ?iinaeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a (?NA) aeey
aecia/aiiy caaaeueieo eiioeaio?aoe?e eiiiiiaio?a; oe? aecia/aiiy
caaacia/aii iaoiaeeeaie aiae?co. Iaeiae, ia a?aei?io a?ae a?eueoino?
?ioeo iaoiae?a aiae?co, aiae?oe/iee neaiae o ?iiiiao??? coiiaeaii ia
caaaeueiith eiioeaio?aoe??th ?a/iaeie, a aeoeai?noth aai ??aiiaaaeiith
eiioeaio?aoe??th eiie?aoii? ?iiii? oi?ie. Oeae aniaeo aea/aii
iaaeinoaoiuei.

Iiaeyaee ia iiaeeeaino? canoinoaaiiy ?NA o aeine?aeaeaii? ?iiiiai
ca’ycoaaiiy a neeaaeieo o?i?/ieo, a?ieia?/ieo /e aaieia?/ieo nenoaiao
iinooiiai ci?ithaaeenue — a?ae iioei?noe/ieo ia?aaeaa/aiue o iaei?e c
ia?oeo iiiia?ao?e c ?iiiiao??? ca ?aaeaeoe??th ?. Aea?noa aei iaa?aaeieo
ioe?iie i?e aea/aii? iiaaae?iee Cu2+-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea a
iaoaeiaooa?ieo ?ic/eiao.

Inoaii?i /anii cia/iee ?ioa?an aeine?aeiee?a aeeeeeathoue i?aai?ciaai?
?ic/eie — i?e?iaaoa?iaaii? nenoaie, ui i?noyoue i?oeaee
iiaa?oiaai-aeoeaieo ?a/iaei. ?o oe?iei canoiniaothoue o aiae?oe/i?e
o?i?? aeey a?aeie?aieaiiy eiiiiiaio?a, iiaeeo?eaoe?? aeanoeainoae
i?aai?/ieo ?aa?aio?a a niaeo?ioioiiao???, ye ?ooii? oace a
o?iiaoia?ao??. Oe? nenoaie /anoi ?icaeyaeathoue ye a?ii?iaoeee — iiaeae?
a?ieia?/ieo i?e?iaa?aaao?a. Iaeaaciina?aaei?oo ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i ?iii?
i?ioeane a oaeeo nenoaiao iaee a caaacia/eoe ?iinaeaeoeai? aeaeo?iaee.
Aeey oeueiai iaiao?aei? aeai? i?i iao?ieia?/i? iiaeeeaino? ?NA a
i?enooiino? i?oeae iiaa?oiaai-aeoeaieo ?a/iaei (IA?). Ne?ae ooi/ieoe
oaeiae oyaeaiiy i?i aeaye? oeie caaaae, ui cono??/athoueny i?e
iioaioe?iiao?e/iiio aeine?aeaeaii? ??aiiaaa o aiaeyieo ?ic/eiao (aieea
ia a?aeaoe ?NA oaeeo eiiiiiaio?a iao?eoe?, ye ai?iie oa iieaeoee
e??aiae?a; ianoaa?euei?noue ??aaeothaaeueieo ia?aiao??a iaia?aiieo
aeaeo?iae?a o iioaioe?iiao?e/iiio oeo?oaaii?).

Aea?aiee iai?yiie aeine?aeaeaiue iia’ycaii c o?aaeeoe?eiith oaiaoeeith
eaoaae?e o?i?/ii? iao?ieia?? — aeine?aeaeaiiyie ?iiieo ??aiiaaa oa
?ic?iaeith aooa?ieo nenoai. ?iaioa ? neeaaeiaith aeine?aeaeaiue ca
oaiaie “Iao?ieiae/aneia iaania/aiea iioaioeeiiao?ee a aiaeiuo e
niaoaiiuo ?anoai?ao”, ui aeeiioaaeanue ia o?i?/iiio oaeoeueoao? ca?aeii
IOI AeEII N?N? “Nicaeaiea iiauo aunieiyooaeoeaiuo iaoiaeia e i?eai?ia
aiaeeca aauanoa e iaoa?eaeia” (iaeac AeEII N?N? ? 454 a?ae 2.07.90), oa
“O?ceei-o?i?/i? canaaee ooieoe?iioaaiiy cania?a aei??thaaiiy ia iniia?
?iiiiai?iieo iaoa??ae?a”, ui aeeiio?oueny ca?aeii i?aeaoc?anueei? IOI
Oe?a?ie “Aeinoaiaea?oecaoe?ei? aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeo iaoiae?a oa cania?a
iao?ieia?/iiai caaacia/aiiy aei?iaoaaiue ? eiio?ieth o?ceei-iaoai?/ieo
aeanoeainoae no/anieo iaoa??ae?a oa ae?aaiinoeee ae?ia?a ? neeaaeieo
nenoai c ?o canoinoaaiiyi”.

Iaoa ?iaioe: e?euee?niee iien oaeoi??a, ui aieeaathoue ia aiae?oe/iee
neaiae ?iiiiao???, oa ?ic?iaea iiaeaeae a?aeaoeo eao?iinaeaeoeaieo
aeaeo?iae?a o aaaaoieiiiiiaioieo nenoaiao, cie?aia, i?aai?ciaaieo
?ic/eiao.

Caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy:

1. C’ynoaaoe oa?aeoa? aieeao ??cieo oei?a IA? ia ??aaeothaaeuei?
oa?aeoa?enoeee Cu2+-, Cd2+- oa Pb2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a. Iaea?aeaoe
iiaeae? a?aeaoeo ?NA a na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae IA?.

2. Noai?eoe iiaeae? eiiieaeniooai?aiiy ?ii?a Cu2+ oa Cd2+ c e??aiaeaie
??cieo oei?a o i?oeaey?ieo na?aaeiaeuao. ?ic?iaeoe iaoaeiaooa?i? ?ic/eie
aeey a?aaeothaaiiy iaoaeinaeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a o na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae
IA?.

3. Ooi/ieoe oyaeaiiy i?i aieea eiiiiiaio?a iaoaeiaooa?ieo nenoai
(e??aiae?a, eao?ii?a oiiiaiai aeaeo?ie?oo oa aeiiii?aeieo iaoae?a) ia
a?aeaoe Cd2+- oa Pb2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a.

4. Aeyaeoe oaeoi?e, ui aieeaathoue ia ??aaeothaaeuei? oa?aeoa?enoeee
neeyiiai aeaeo?iaea i?e ?I-iao?e/iiio aeine?aeaeaii? ??aiiaaa.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia:

1. Anoaiiaeaii oa?aeoa? aieeao ??cieo oei?a IA? ia ??aaeothaaeuei?
oa?aeoa?enoeee Cu2+-, Cd2+- oa Pb2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a. Aia?oa
iaea?aeaii iiaeae? a?aeaoeo Cu2+- ? Cd2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a o
na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae ai?iiii? IA?, ui aeeth/athoue eiinoaioe ca’ycoaaiiy.
Aeiaaaeaii i?eaeaoi?noue oaa?aeioacieo iaia?aiieo aeaeo?iae?a aeey
aiae?co oa aeine?aeaeaiiy ??aiiaaa o ?ic/eiao, ui i?noyoue i?oeaee IA?.

2. Aia?oa iaea?aeaii iiaeae? eiiieaeniooai?aiiy i?ae?(II) oa
eaaei?th(II) c e??aiaeaie ??cieo ca?yaeieo oei?a o na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae
IA?. Cai?iiiiiaaii iia? aooa?e aeey a?aaeothaaiiy eaaei?e-naeaeoeaiiai
aeaeo?iaea a ae?aiacii? ?Cd a?ae 6.5 aei 11.2 o na?aaeiaeu?
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo iao??th.

3. ?icaeiaii oyaeaiiy i?i niaoeeo?/iee aieea e??aiae?a ia iaia?aie
eao?iinaeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a. Anoaiiaeaii, ui ia iaia?aio
Pb2+-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea aieeaathoue ia eeoa ai?iie
ea?aieneeai?uoth/eo eiiieaenii?a, aea ? e??aiaee eeano aeeo?iae?eie?a.
Cai?iiiiiaaii iiaee iaoai?ci niaoeeo?/iiai aieeao e??aiae?a.
Aeei?enoiaoth/e iaoaeiaooa?i? ?ic/eie, ooi/iaii eiao?oe??ioe
naeaeoeaiino? Cd2+- oa Pb2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a o i?enooiino?
eao?ii?a Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+.

4. Aia?oa ciaeaeaii, ui o iaia?aie neeyiiai aeaeo?iaea, ui iino?eii
ciaoiaeeoueny o ?ic/ei? c? ci?iiei ?I, ci?ith?oueny /ooeea?noue.
Aeyaeaii caeiiii??iino? oeueiai yaeua.

I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue eiiieaeniooai?aiiy a
na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae IA? ? iniiaith ?icaeoeo oai?aoe/ieo oyaeaiue i?i
aieea i?oeaey?iiai na?aaeiaeua ia ?aaeoe?eio caeaoi?noue
eiiieaeniooai?thaa/?a oa i?aai?/ieo ?aa?aio?a. Iaaaaeaia a ?iaio?
ia??oiooaaiiy caaacia/o? iaae?ei?noue aei??thaaiue c eao?iinaeaeoeaieie
oaa?aeiiaia?aiieie aeaeo?iaeaie a i?aai?ciaaieo ?ic/eiao. Iaea?aeai?
?acoeueoaoe iio??ai? aeey i?aeoeee aiae?co i?oeaey?ieo ?ic/ei?a ca
aeiiiiiaith ?NA oa aeine?aeaeaiiy o?i?/ieo ??aiiaaa, iioe?thth/e
iaeanoue canoinoaaiiy ?NA oa i?aeaeuoth/e oi/i?noue aecia/aiiy eiinoaio
??aiiaaa. Iaoiaeeea iioaioe?iiao?e/iiai oeo?oaaiiy aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo
iao??th, ui cai?iiiiiaaia a aeena?oaoe??, iaio o?oaeii?noea, i?ae
iaoiaee aeaioaciiai oeo?oaaiiy, ? i?aeaeuo? oi/i?noue aecia/aiiy
iniiaiiai eiiiiiaioa a i?aia?aoao aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo iao??th; oei naiei
i?aeaeuo?oueny oi/i?noue a?aaeothaaiiy i?e aecia/aii? ne?aeiai?
e?eueeino? IA?.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? a aenia?eiaioaeueiiio aeine?aeaeaii?
aieeao iiaa?oiaai-aeoeaieo ?a/iaei oa e??aiae?a ia a?aeaoe
eao?iinaeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a, ia?iaoe? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue,
iiaoaeia? iiaeaeae eiiieaeniooai?aiiy oa iaoaeiaooa?ieo nenoai.
Iinoaiiaeo caaea/, iaaiai?aiiy ?acoeueoao?a oa oi?ioethaaiiy aeniiae?a
i?iaaaeeee ni?eueii c iaoeiaei ea??aieeii. A ioae?eaoe?yo o
ni?aaaoi?noa? iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a neeaaeathoue iiaeae?
eiiieaeniooai?aiiy i?ae?(II) oa eaaei?th(II) c ae?oeeiii, oinoaoii,
i?o?eeio?eioeoiaith eeneioith, i-oaiaio?ie?iii oa 2,2-aeei??eaeeeii
(ni?aaaoi?e I.A.Eaa?i oa I.A.Nooiieeiiaa); iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e c
oeo?eiao?e/iiai aecia/aiiy IA?, ieaioaaiiy aenia?eiaioo oa ?ic?iaea
iaoiaeeee oeo?oaaiiy aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo c? naeiaoeue-naeaeoeaiei
aeaeo?iaeii (ni?aaaoi?e I.I.?aoaoiye oa E.A.?antheiaa).

Ioae?eaoe?? oa ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe iioae?eiaaii a 4 noaooyo o
iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao, 4 oacao eiioa?aioe?e oa aeaiiiiaai?e ?iaio?;
ai?iaiaaii ia I A?enueeiai-iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? (i. Oa?e?a, 1995), XIV
Oe?a?inuee?e eiioa?aioe?? c iai?aai?/ii? o?i?? (i. Ee?a, 1996), IX
eiioa?aioe?? “Iiaa?oiinoii-aeoeaiua aauanoaa e nu?uea aeey eo
i?iecaiaenoaa” (i. Aeai?iae, 1996) oa VII I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe??
“The problems of solvation and complex formation in solutions” (i.
Iaaiiai, 1998).

No?oeoo?a oa ia’?i ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio, 4
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae (152 iaeiaioaaiiy),
i?noeoue 25 oaaeeoeue, 39 ?enoie?a. Caaaeueiee ia’?i aeena?oaoe?? 129
noi??iie. ?icae?e ? ?iaioe i?noeoue iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e c ieoaiue aieeao
iao?eoe? ia aiae?oe/iee neaiae iioaioe?iiao??? c ?iinaeaeoeaieie
aeaeo?iaeaie ia iniia? oaa?aeioacieo iaia?ai. O ?icae?e? ?? iienaii
aeei?enoai? o ?iaio? ?aaeoeae, iaeaaeiaiiy, iaoiaeeee a?aaeothaaiiy
iioaioe?iiao?e/ieo e?e oa aeine?aeaeaiue ??aiiaaa. ?icae?e ???
i?enay/aii aeine?aeaeaiith caaaae, ui aeieeathoue i?e canoinoaaii?
iaia?aiieo aeaeo?iae?a aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy o?i?/ieo ??aiiaaa. ?icae?e ?V
i?enay/aii aieeaia? IA? ia aiae?oe/iee neaiae eao?iinaeaeoeaieo
iaia?aiieo aeaeo?iae?a.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

Aieea eiiiiiaio?a iaoaeiaooa?ieo ?ic/ei?a ia aiae?oe/iee neaiae ?NA

?icaeyiueii aeaa oeie caaaae i?e ?iaio? c oaa?aeioacieie iaia?aiieie
aeaeo?iaeaie o nenoaiao c eiiieaeniooai?aiiyi: niaoeeo?/iee aieea
e??aiae?a oa caaaaee, iia’ycai? ?c naeaeoeai?noth aeaeo?iae?a o
i?enooiino? eao?ii?a oiiiaiai aeaeo?ie?oo oa aeiiii?aeiiai iaoaeo.

Niaoeeo?/iee aieea iieyaa? o oiio, ui o i?enooiino? e??aiae?a oeio AAeOA
aei??yi? cia/aiiy pCu oa pCd iaaaaaoi ieae/a ca ?ic?aoiaai?, oiae? ye o
?ic/eiao c ?ioeie e??aiaeaie, ia?aaaaeii iaeo?aeueieie, aaea?oueny
aei??thaaoe cia/aiiy ?I, ui aeinyaathoue 20. Iniaeeaino? iiaaae?iee
aeaeo?iae?a o i?enooiino? AAeOA oa iiae?aieo e??aiae?a i?eeiyoi
iiynithaaoe ai?noii n??aea(I) /e i?ae?(I) o iaia?aiao Cu2+- /e
Cd2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a oa eiieo?aioe??th iaeii- ? aeaica?yaeieo
?ii?a. A?aeaoe ia aeaica?yaei? ?iie iaoae?a a?aeiia?aea? ??aiyiith
I?eieuenueeiai:

wmetafile8? ??????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????a?
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy@ ????????&??MathType??°?
???u?????????”????-?????uee???ue2???u?th??????

aea wmetafile8? ??G???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
?@???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy???4?????&?
?MathType??p????u?th??????Ine?eueee eiiieaeniie oeio AAeOA
ooai?ththoue no?ee?o? eiiieaene ?c aeaica?yaeieie ?iiaie, i?ae c
iaeiica?yaeieie, a i?enooiino? AAeOA ciaioo?oueny aianie ae?oaiai
aeiaeaiea o ae?ac? i?ae ciaeii eiaa?eoio. Aei??yi? ?I aecia/athoueny
eiioeaio?aoe??th iaeiica?yaeieo ?ii?a iiaeeco iiaa?oi? iaia?aie.

Aeey ia?aa??ee oeeo oyaeaiue aeine?aeaeaii iiaeeeaino? onoiaiiiy aieeao
AAeOA ia a?aeaoe Pb2+- ? Cd2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a oa aea/aii
iiaaae?ieo Pb2+-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea a i?enooiino?
2,3-aeeia?eaioii?iiainoeueoiiaoa iao??th (oi?o?ie).

Uia caiia?aoe aieeaia? AAeOA, a iaoaeiaooa?i? ?ic/eie aeiaeaaaee
?a/iaeie, ui ooai?ththoue no?ee?o? eiiieaene c iaeiica?yaeieie ?iiaie
(o?iea?aai?ae, o?ioe?aiao, -anei?a?iiaa eeneioa, i-oaiaio?ie?i).
Ii??aiyiiy ia/eneaieo oa aei??yieo cia/aiue ?I iieacaei, ui aeiaeaiee
eeoa /anoeiai onoaathoue aieea AAeOA ia iaia?aio Pb2+- /e
Cd2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a ? ae?thoue o iine?aeiaiino?: o?iea?aai?ae
o?ioe?aiao -anei?a?iiaa eeneioa, i-oaiaio?ie?i. Iii?oi?oa iie?ioo?
ocaiaeaeaiiy aei??yieo oa ia/eneaieo cia/aiue ?I ia?ai?ooaaiiy ?ic/eio.

?aa?aio eeano aeeo?iae?eie?a, oi?o?ie, ia?aii aeey aeine?aeaeaiue ?c
ianooiieo i??eoaaiue. sse ? AAeOA, oea ai?iiiee e??aiae, ui caeaoiee
ooai?thaeoe ai?iii? eiiieaene ?c naeioeai(II). Ia a?aei?io a?ae AAeOA,
a?i ia? ca’ycoaaoe i?aeue(I) oa n??aei(I) o no?ee?o? eiiieaene, i?ae
naeiaoeue(II). A iaoaeiaooa?ao ia iniia? oi?o?ieo aeinyaiooi aeueo
cia/aiue pPbaei, i?ae o aooa?ao ia iniia? AAeOA oa IOA. Iaeiae aiie
ieae/a ca ia/eneai?, ui na?ae/eoue i?i niaoeeo?/iee aieea oi?o?ieo ia
Pb2+-naeaeoeaiee aeaeo?iae. Aieea iineaaeth?oueny, yeui e??aiae
ianeiaaii aei oi?ie HL2-.

Oe? ?acoeueoaoe yeui ? ia noia?a/aoue, oi ? ia i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue
oyaeaiue i?i eiieo?aioiee iaoai?ci niaoeeo?/iiai aieeao e??aiae?a ia
oaa?aeioaci? iaia?aie. Oi?aa?naeuei?oei aeaea?oueny oaea iiyniaiiy
niaoeeo?/iiai aieeao. Aaeni?aoe?y ai?iiieo e??aiae?a ia iiceoeaii
ca?yaeaeai?e iiaa?oi? iaia?aie ci?ith? aooa?ia a?aeiioaiiy o
i?eiiaa?oiaaiio oa?? ?ic/eio. Iaca’ycaiiai e??aiaeo ooo iaaaaaoi iaioa,
i?ae a ia’?i? ?ic/eio, ? a?aeiia?aeii ??aiiaaaeia ?I ciaioo?oueny.
Ia?ai?ooth/e ?ic/ei, aeani?ao?ii e??aiae, ? aei??thaaia cia/aiiy ?I
iaaeeaea?oueny aei cia/aiiy a ia’?i? ?ic/eio. Oea e niinoa??aaeinue a
aenia?eiaio?.

Uia oieeiooe iioeaie, coiiaeaieo niaoeeo?/iei aieeaii e??aiae?a, i?e
aeine?aeaeaii? eiiieaeniooai?aiiy c oaa?aeioacieie ?NA aeioe?eueii
?aeiiaiaeoaaoe:

1) ia?aa??yoe iiaeeea?noue niaoeeo?/iiai aieeao e??aiae?a ca e?eoa???i
Iaeaaaae (ca iayaiino? niaoeeo?/iiai aieeao cia/aiiy a.?.n. ia
ci?iththoueny i?e ia?aiin? aeaeo?iaea c iaoaeiaooa?ieo ?ic/ei?a a
?ic/eie, ui i?noyoue o?eueee e??aiae);

2) eiiieaeniooai?aiiy ca o/anoth e??aiae?a – iniia A?ainoaaea
aeine?aeaeoaaoe a ae?aiacii? eeneioiino?, aea ia?aaaaea? ?o i?ioiiiaaia
oi?ia;

3) i?aeoaa?aeaeoaaoe ?acoeueoaoe aea/aiiy eiiieaeniooai?aiiy, ui
caeiaoo? ca aeaieie ?NA, ?ioeie iaoiaeaie aei??thaaiue.

Cia/aiiy eiao?oe??io?a naeaeoeaiino? a i?enooiino? eao?ii?a oiiiaiai
aeaeo?ie?oo iaiao?aei? aeey aeai?o ?iiii? neee i?e aeine?aeaeaii?
o?i?/ieo ??aiiaaa ca aeiiiiiaith ?NA. A ?ic/eiao, ui i?eaioiaai?
iine?aeiaiei ?icaaaeaiiyi, iae? eiao?oe??ioe naeaeoeaiino?
aecia/athoueny c aenieeie iioeaeaie, ai aieea eiieo?oth/eo ?ii?a iaeee
ii??aiyii c aeiaaeeiaeie iioeaeaie aei??thaaiiy a.?.n. Canoiniaoth/e
iaoaeiaooa?e, ie ooi/ieee cia/aiiy eiao?oe??io?a naeaeoeaiino? ?NA
a?aeiinii eao?ii?a oiiiaiai aeaeo?ie?oo oa aeiiii?aeieo ?ii?a iaoaeo.
Aecia/ai? a iaoaeiaooa?ieo ?ic/eiao eiao?oe??ioe naeaeoeaiino? Pb2+- oa
Cd2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a aeyaeeenue iaaaaaoi ieae/eie, i?ae
e?oa?aoo?i? aeai?, ? e?aua ocaiaeaeothoueny c oyaeaiiyie i?i iaoai?ci
naeaeoeaiino? oaa?aeioacieo iaia?ai (oaae. 1).

Oaaeeoey 1

Eiao?oe??ioe naeaeoeaiino? Pb2+- oa Cd2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a

Iniiaiee ?iiEiieo?oth/ee ?iiE?oa?aoo?i? aeai?Iao? aeai?Pb2+Na+-a?ae
210-11 aei
510-8Mg2+8.710-5 1.210-8Ca2+10-2 710-6Cd2+Ca2+2.2410-4 210-7Mg2+1.6310-4
 8.910-7

Eiio?ieue noaa?eueiino? a?aaeothaaeueieo ia?aiao??a neeyieo aeaeo?iae?a
o i?ioean? iioaioe?iiao?e/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ??aiiaaa

I?e aeine?aeaeaii? o?i?/ieo ??aiiaaa ?I-iao?e/iei oeo?oaaiiyi iaeiei c
aeaea?ae iioeaie ? a?aeoee ??aaeothaaeueieo ia?aiao??a a?ae cia/aiue, ui
ciaeaeaii ia?aae /e i?ney oeo?oaaiiy. Ie aeine?aeeee noaa?euei?noue oeeo
ia?aiao??a a i?ioean? ?I-iao?e/iiai oeo?oaaiiy ?a/iaei c ??cieie
ooieoe?iiaeueieie a?oiaie ? ca?yaeaie eeneioii? oa iniiaii? oi?i. Iaoiae
eiio?ieth noaa?eueiino? ??aaeothaaeueieo ia?aiao??a aaco?oueny ia
caeaaeiino? a.?.n. eiea a?ae eiaa?eoio nooiaiy a?aeoeo?iaaiino? (lg B).
Oeo?oth/e eeneioo ?ic/eiii eoao, ia?ii:

wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????@
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy¶yyya??oe?????&??MathType??a?
???u?????????”????-?????ue¤???ueA???u?th??????a
oeo?oth/e iniiao ?ic/eiii neeueii? eeneioe, ia?ii:

wmetafile8? ??C???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@a???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy ??o?????&??MathType??a?
???u?????????”????-?????ue????ueCaeaaei?noue a.?.n. a?ae
lg B ia? aooe e?i?eiith, yeui:

1) eiioeaio?aoe?? I+ oa II- iae? ii??aiyii c ??aiiaaaeieie
eiioeaio?aoe?yie eeneioii? oa iniiaii? oi?i. Oea aeeiio?oueny o aooa?i?e
iaeano? e?eai? oeo?oaaiiy, yeui caaaeueia eiioeaio?aoe?y
aeine?aeaeoaaii? eeneioe: ne >> Ea aai aeey aeoaea neaaeeo eeneio: ne >>
Ea-1 Ew;

2) a?aenooi? eiieo?oth/? ?aaeoe?? ca o/anoth eeneioii? /e iniiaii?
oi?ie, oae? ye aiiinoi?yaeaiiy /e anioe?aoe?y c eao?iiaie oiiiaiai
aeaeo?ie?oo;

3) yeui eeneioa ? aaaaoiiniiaiith, e?i?eia caeaaei?noue iiaea
niinoa??aaoenue aeey ie?aiiai nooiaiy, ui ia ia?ae?eaa?oueny c ?ioeie.

A oeeo oiiaao a?aeoeo?iaaii aeecueei 30 ?ic/ei?a, ui i?noeee ioeoiao
eeneioo, ae?oeei, na?ei, oinoaoe, I2edta2-, Inta2-. Ia ?en. 1 ? 2
nooe?euei? e?i?? a?aeiia?aeathoue eooiaiio eiao?oe??ioia? k, ciaeaeaiiio
cacaeaeaa?aeue; no??eee aeacothoue iine?aeiai?noue aei??thaaiiy a.?.n.
Eeoa aeey ioeoiai? eeneioe ?acoeueoaoe iioaioe?iiao?e/iiai oeo?oaaiiy
a?aeiia?aeaee i/?eoaai?e e?i?ei?e caeaaeiino?. ?aooo ?acoeueoao?a iiaeia
iiae?eeoe ia aea? a?oie:

I. Caeaaei?noue a.?.n. a?ae lg B o oeo?oaaii? a?aeoeey?oueny a?ae
i?yii?, i?ioa oe? a?aeoeee onoaathoueny, yeui aei??thaaoe ca iaoiaeii
ie?aieo caiiaiaiue (ae?oeei, na?ei, I2edta2-) (?en.1).

II. Caeaaei?noue a.?.n. a?ae lg B a?aeoeey?oueny a?ae i?yii? ye i?e
oeo?oaaii?, oae ? o iaoiae? ie?aieo caiiaiaiue (oinoaoe, Inta2-) (?en.
2). A?aeoeee niinoa??aathoueny a iaeano? ia?aaaaeaiiy iniiaii? oi?ie oa
a?aeiia?aeathoue i?aeaeuaiith A /e ciaioaiith k a e?ioe? oeo?oaaiiy
eeneioii? oi?ie eoaii.

Aiae?c iiaeeeaeo i?e/ei a?aeoee?a aeicaiey? noaa?aeaeoaaoe:

— aeey ?acoeueoao?a ? a?oie aieiaiei aeaea?aeii a?aeoee?a ? iiia?aaeiy
?noi??y aeaeo?iaea, ui aieeaa? ia noai eiai iiaa?oi?. sseui o oeo?oaaii?
?I c?inoa?, oi eooiaee eiao?oe??io, oiaoi /ooeea?noue neeyii? iaia?aie,
a e?ioe? oeo?oaaiiy niaaea?. Oeo?oth/e eeneioith, eiee ?I ciaioo?oueny,
i?eeaeaii a e?ioe? oeo?oaaiiy aei a?ia?ia?ino?anueeiai eooiaiai
eiao?oe??ioa aenia?eiaioaeueii? caeaaeiino?.

— aeey ?acoeueoao?a ?? a?oie a?aeoeee aeeeeeaii aca?iiae??th iaoa??aeo
iaia?aie c eiiiiiaioaie aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ?ic/eio aai o/anoth oi?i
HPO42- /e nta3- a o?i?/ieo ?aaeoe?yo o ?ic/ei?, iai?eeeaae,
anioe?aoe??th c eao?iiaie oiiiaiai aeaeo?ie?oo.

Ci?ia /ooeeaino? neeyii? iaia?aie a e?ioe? oeo?oaaiiy iineoue caaaeueiee
oa?aeoa? oa ni?e/eiy? caieaeai? cia/aiiy ?I. Oeth iniaeea?noue ne?ae
iaoe ia oaac?, aiae?coth/e iaa’ycee i?e iiooeo iiaeaeae ??aiiaaa ca
aeaieie ?I-iao???.

wmetafile8? ??ss?? ?????????&?

?yyyy????Word?Microsoft Word??????????
?????u?????????????I???Courier
New?I????-?????????uAEy??????wmetafile8? ??????-????????
???????oo???ue???????????-??
???u??????????”????-?????-???/???????????????????????????????AA
A?AUeA?¦E??yu??  ¤?????y????y??yy????y?y?y??yy?yyy????4????5????u
???????

?en. 1 Caeaaei?noue a.?.n. a?ae lg A i?e aeine?aeaeaii? aeenioe?aoe??
ae?oeeio iaoiaeaie: a) iioaioe?iiao?e/iiai oeo?oaaiiy; a) ie?aieo
caiiaiaiue.

– H2NCH2COOH + NaOH; – H2NCH2COO- + HNO3.

wmetafile8? ??H???-???????????????oo???ue???????????-??
???u??????????”????-?????-???/???????????????????????????????AA
A?AUeA?¦E??yu??  ¤?????y????y??yy????y?y?y??yy?yyy????4????5????u
???????wmetafile8? ??8 ???-???????????????
oo???ue???????????-??
???u??????????”????-?????-???/???????????????????????????????AA
A?AUeA?¦E??yu??  ¤?????y????y??yy????y?y?y??yy?yyy????4????5????u
???????

?en. 2 Caeaaei?noue a.?.n. a?ae lg A i?e aeine?aeaeaii? aeenioe?aoe??
oinoi?ii? eeneioe iaoiaeaie a) iioaioe?iiao?e/iiai oeo?oaaiiy; a)
ie?aieo caiiaiaiue.

– H2PO4- + NaOH; – HPO42- + HNO3.

Aieea ??cieo oei?a IA? ia a?aaeothaaeuei? oa?aeoa?enoeee Cu2+-, Cd2+- oa
Pb2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a

Aeey Cu2+-, Cd2+- oa Pb2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a aeine?aeaeaii aieea ia
?o ??aaeothaaeuei? oa?aeoa?enoeee aeiaeaie?a IA?: eao?iiii?
(oeaoeei??eaeei?e i?o?ao, OeII), ai?iiii? (aeiaeaoeeenoeueoao iao??th,
NaDS) oa ia?iiiaaiii? IA? (iaiiie, (CnH2n+1) (CmH2m+1) CHO (C2H4O)p H,
aea n + m = 1020, p = 3, iiiiaee?eia? ao??e iie?aoeeaiae?eieth ia iniia?
aoi?eiieo aee?ieo nie?o?a). Y?aaeothaaeueiee ??ao?e Cu2+-naeaeoeaiiai
aeaeo?iaea iaaaaeaii ia ?en. 3. Aeaeyae ??aaeothaaeueieo ??ao?e?a Cd2+-
oa Pb2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a ? iiae?aiei aei oeueiai.

wmetafile8? ??L???-???????????????o????ue???????????-??
???u??????????”????-?????-???/???????????????????????????????AA
A?AUeA?¦E??yu??  ¤?????y????y??yy????y?y?y??yy?yyy????4????5????u
???????

?en. 3 A?aaeothaaeueiee a?ao?e

Cu2+-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea:

– o aiaeyieo ?ic/eiao;

– a i?enooiino? 0.02 iieue/e NaDS;

– a i?enooiino? 0.05 iieue/e NaDS;

– a i?enooiino? 0.6654 a/e iaiiieo;

– a i?enooiino? 4.0110-3 iieue/e OeII.

A i?enooiino? an?o oei?a IA? ci?ithaaany /an a?aeaoeo aeaeo?iae?a: i?e
eiioeaio?aoe?? IA? ieae/a ca EEI iioaioe?ae aeinyaaa noaa?eueieo
cia/aiue iia?euei?oa, a a i?oeaey?ieo na?aaeiaeuao — oaeaeoa, i?ae o
aiaeyieo ?ic/eiao. A i?enooiino? i?oeae ia?iiiaaiii? ? ai?iiii? IA?
??aaeothaaeuei? ??ao?ee an?o aeine?aeaeaieo iaoaeinaeaeoeaieo
aeaeo?iae?a caeeoathoueny e?i?eieie i?aeoe/ii a oiio ae ae?aiacii?, ui ?
o aiaeyieo ?ic/eiao. A i?enooiino? i?oeae eao?iiii? IA? a?aeoeee a?ae
e?i?eiino? aeieeathoue i?e a?eueo aenieeo eiioeaio?aoe?yo ?ii?a iaoaeo,
i?ae o aiaeyieo ?ic/eiao. A na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo
iao??th aeey an?o iaoaeinaeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a ??aaeothaaeuei? ??ao?ee
cnoaathoueny ia?aeaeueii a a?e iaaaoeai?oeo cia/aiue a.?.n., oei
a?eueoa, /ei a?eueoa caaaeueia eiioeaio?aoe?y IA?. Aiaei??/iee cnoa
niinoa??aaany aeey eiea c? neeyiei aeaeo?iaeii o ?ic/eiao HCl: 0.05
iieue/e NaDS a oeeo ?ic/eiao aeeeeeaa ciaioaiiy a.?.n. a na?aaeiueiio ia
16 iA.

Cnoa ??ao?e?a iiaea coiiaethaaoenue ye ci?iith o?i?/ii? oi?ie
iioaioe?aeaecia/ath/eo ?ii?a a na?aaeiaeu? ai?iiieo i?oeae, oae ?
aieeaii i?oeaey?iiai na?aaeiaeua ia aeeooc?eiee iioaioe?ae a eie? c ?NA.
Aieea i?oeae NaDS ia aeeooc?eiee iioaioe?ae ioe?iaii, ni?anoaaeyth/e
?acoeueoaoe aei??thaaiue c iaoaeinaeaeoeaieie aeaeo?iaeaie a eie? c
ia?aiinii (4) ? a eie? aac ia?aiino (5).

Ag, AgCl KCl || KNO3 || M(NO3)2, NaNO3 Cd2+-NA /e Cu2+-NA (4)

F-NA NaF, M(NO3)2, NaNO3 Cd2+-NA /e Cu2+-NA (5)

I?e ia?aoiae? a?ae aiaeyieo ?ic/ei?a aei i?oeaey?iiai na?aaeiaeua
cia/aiiy a.?.n., aei??yi? c Cd2+-naeaeoeaiei aeaeo?iaeii a eie? c
ia?aiinii, ciaioothoueny a na?aaeiueiio ia 33 iA, a a eie? aac ia?aiino
— a na?aaeiueiio ia 29iA. Aeey Cu2+ –naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea oe?
cia/aiiy aei??aiththoue a?aeiia?aeii 30 iA ? 26 iA. ??cieoey o 4 iA
a?aeiia?aea? cai?i? eiea aac ia?aiino ia eiei c ia?aiinii.

A i?enooiino? 0.05 iieue/e NaDS ??aaeothaaeueiee ??ao?e
ooi?eae-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea, ui canoiniaoaaany ye aeaeo?iae
ii??aiyiiy o eie? (5), ci?uo?oueny ia a?eueo i?ae ia 0.5 iA. Ioaea,
ci?ia aeeooc?eiiai iioaioe?aeo a eie? (4) a?aeiia?aea? cnoao
??aaeothaaeueiiai ??ao?ea Cu2+- /e Cd2+-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea eeoa ia
3.5 iA. Oiae? iiaeia aaaaeaoe, ui cnoa ??aaeothaaeueiiai ??ao?ea (?en.
3) a iniiaiiio coiiaeaii ca’ycoaaiiyi ?ii?a iaoaeo ai?iiieie i?oeaeaie.

Ca’ycoaaiiy ?ii?a iaoaeo i?oeaeaie aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo

Aca?iiae?y ?ii?a iaoaeo c i?oeaeaie iiaea aooe i?aaenoaaeaia ye:

1) aaeni?aoe?y ?ii?a Cu2+ /e Cd2+ ia iiaa?oi? i?oeae NaDS:

wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@A???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy???o?????&??MathType??a?
???u?????????”????-?????ue@????ue)???ueY???uem
???ue•???ue~???ue????uek???u?th??????

aea E — eiinoaioa aaeni?aoe?? ?ii?a i?oeaeaie IA?,

S — eiioeaio?aoe?y aaeni?aoe?eieo oeaio??a;

2) iai?i i?ioe?ii?a a oa?? Ooa?ia: ?iie Na+ iai?iththoueny ia Cu2+ /e
Cd2+:

NaDS(m) + I2+ I (DS)2(m) + Na+, (7)

2NaDS(m) + I2+ I(DS)2(m) + 2Na+ , (8)

aea ?  — nooi?iue ca’ycoaaiiy i?ioe?ii?a, ui aecia/a?oueny ca
a?aeiioaiiyi noao?iiao?e/ieo eiao?oe??io?a o ?aaeoe?yo i?oeaeiooai?aiiy;

3) ooai?aiiy o?i?/ii? niieoee Cu2+ /e Cd2+ c ai?iiaie
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo — ?ic/eiieo aai a eiei?aeiiio noai?:

I2+ + 2DS– I(DS)2 ; (9)

4) ca’ycoaaiiy ?ii?a Cu2+ /e Cd2+ i?oeaeaie aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo, ui
iieno?oueny eiinoaioaie ca’ycoaaiiy:

I2+ + m (M2+)m , Eb (10)

wmetafile8? ??P?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
a????&??yyyy?????Ay?yA?????&?
?MathType??P????&??yyyy???????????????1/4????”System????-?
wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
  ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy§yyy`??G?????&?
?MathType??A???uOuT????aea [M2+]m oa [M2+] — eiioeaio?aoe??
ca’ycaieo (m) oa iaca’ycaieo ?ii?a iaoaeo, a?aeianai? aei caaaeueiiai
ia’?io ?ic/eio,

n — caaaeueia iiey?ia eiioeaio?aoe?y AIA?,

nmc — e?eoe/ia eiioeaio?aoe?y i?oeaeiooai?aiiy.

?icaeyioaoe a?aeiia?aei?noue aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo ia?ae?/aiei
iiaeaeyi, ie ae?eoee aei aeniiaeo, ui aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeai? oi?iaeueii
aeia?a iienothoueny iiaeaeyie 8 oa 9, i?ioa neeaae i?iaeoeoo ?aaeoe??
noia?a/eoue oyaeaiiyi i?i ca?yae ai?iiieo i?oeae. Iaio noia?a/eeaei
aeaea?oueny iien aca?iiae?? eao?ii?a Cu2+ /e Cd2+ c ai?iiieie i?oeaeaie
eiinoaioaie ca’ycoaaiiy Eb.

Ca ??cieoeath a.?.n. i?ae aiaeyieie ?ic/eiaie oa ?ic/eiaie, ui i?noyoue
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoao,

 E = Ew – Em = k lg (Kb(n – cmc) + 1), (12)

ciaeaeaii eiinoaioe ca’ycoaaiiy: lg Kb=2.210.05 (Cu2+), lg Kb=2.270.03
(Cd2+) i?e n(NaDS) = 0.02 iieue/e; lg Kb=2.340.03 (Cu2+), lg Kb=2.370.06
(Cd2+) i?e n(NaDS) = 0.05 iieue/e. Oaeei /eiii, iiaeaeyi a?aeaoeo Cu2+-
oa Cd2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a a i?oeaey?ieo ?ic/eiao a?aeiia?aea?
??aiyiiy:

Em = E + k lg n(M2+) – k lg (Kb(n – cmc) + 1). (13)

wmetafile8? ??s???.???????????????oo???ue???????????-??
???u??????????”????-?????-???/???????????????????????????????AA
A?AUeA?¦E??yu??  ¤?????y????y??yy????y?y?y??yy?yyy????4????5????u
???????Ooai?aiiy iaei?ic/eiiiai inaaeo aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo naeioeth
aeei?enoaii, uia ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeeo iioaioe?iiao?e/iiai oeo?oaaiiy
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo iao??th. E?ioeaao oi/eo oeo?oaaiiy (EOO) a oe?e
iaoiaeeoe? ?iaeeeiaaii Pb2+-naeaeoeaiei aeaeo?iaeii. E?eao oeo?oaaiiy
iaaaaeaii ia ?en. 4. Ae?aciee no?eaie niinoa??aaany i?e eiioeaio?aoe??
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo 0.05 iieue/e. EOO aecia/aee ca aeeoa?aioe?eiith
e?eaith oeo?oaaiiy ae?oaiai ii?yaeeo (oaae. 4). Ca noaiaea?oiei c?aceii
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo iao??th ae?iaieoeoaa IAI “NeioacIAA” (i. Oaaae?ii)
aoei aeiaaaeaii

?en. 4 E?eaa iioaioe?iiao?e/iiai oeo?o-aaiiy 19.95 ie ?ic/eio 4.9910-2
iieue/e NaDS ?ic/eiii 510-2 iieue/e Pb(NO3)2 c? Pb2+-naeaeoeaiei
aeaeo?iaeii.a?aenooi?noue cia/eii? nenoaiaoe/-ii? iioeaee oeo?oaaiiy.
Iaoiaeeea i?eaeaoia aeey aecia/aiiy ai?noo iniiaiiai eiiiiiaioa o
i?aia?aoao aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo.No?eaie e?eai? oeo?oaaiiy, iaea?aeaii? c
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaonaeaeoeaiei aeaeo?iaeii, iaio ??ceee, ai iniiaia
/anoeia IA? a ?ic/ei?, yeee oeo?o?oueny, ? o i?oeaey?iiio noai?. I?oeaee
?iiii? IA? a?aeiinii aei ?? ?ii?a a?ae?a?athoue ?ieue aooa?o, a yeiio
eiioeaio?aoe?y iaca’ycaieo ?ii?a i?aeo?eio?oueny ia ??ai? cmc, ui
iaaaaaoi iaioa caaaeueii? eiioeaio?aoe?? IA?. Naia iaca’ycai? ?iie IA?
aecia/athoue a?aeaoe DS–naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea, ? ca?a?no?iaaiee ca
iei no?eaie oeo?oaaiiy ? iaioei ca oie, ui a?aeiia?aeaa ae ci?i?
caaaeueii? eiioeaio?aoe?? IA? o oeo?oaaii?.

Oaaeeoey 2

?acoeueoaoe aiae?co ?ic/ei?a aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo iao??th
iioaioe?iiao?e/iei iaoiaeii c Pb2+-naeaeoeaiei aeaeo?iaeii

Caaeaii NaDSAecia/aii
NaDS4.9410-2 iieue/e4.8910-2 iieue/e4.9610-2 iieue/e4.7710-2 iieue/eNC:
0.098  0.001 a0.0972 aA cai?iiiiiaai?e iaoiaeeoe? oeo?aio aioothoue c
aeinooiieo ?aa?aio?a — i?o?aoo naeioeth(II) /e iaoaeaaiai naeioeth. Ia
a?aei?io a?ae oeo?oaaiiy eao?iiieie IA?, oeo?aio iiaeia noaiaea?oecoaaoe
iaoiaeii, iacaeaaeiei a?ae canoinoaaiiy ai?iiieo IA?, iai?eeeaae,
eiiieaeniiiiao?e/ii.

Eiiieaeniooai?aiiy ?ii?a Cu2+ oa Cd2+ c ai?iiieie ? iaeo?aeueieie
e?aaiaeaie o na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae IA? ??cieo oei?a

Eiiieaeniooai?aiiy aeine?aeaeoaaee i?yieie iaoiaeaie (Cu2+- oa
Cd2+-naeaeoeai? aeaeo?iaee) oa eiieo?aioiei iaoiaeii ?I-iao??? (neeyi?
aeaeo?iaee). Anueiai aeine?aeaeaii 28 nenoai /a?ac aeecueei 250
oeo?oaaiue o aiaeyieo ? i?oeaey?ieo ?ic/eiao. Eiioeaio?aoe?y ?ii?a
iaoaeo (ye i?aaeei, 104 iieue/e) ia ia?aaeuoaaea eiioeaio?aoe?th i?oeae.
Eiiieaene c eiinoaioaie no?eeino? ieae/a ca 104 aeine?aeaeoaaee i?e
eiioeaio?aoe?? ?ii?a iaoaeo 103 iieue/e. Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeai?
ia?iaeyee ca i?ia?aiith CLINP (neeaaeaia I.A.Aoaa?anueeei oa
TH.A.Oie?iei), ui aeicaiey? ?acii c ia/eneaiiyi eiinoaio ooi/ithaaoe
iiaeaeue eiiieaeniooai?aiiy. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
eiiieaeniooai?aiiy i?aaenoaaeai? o oaae. 3 ? 4.

Cia/aiiy ?I ? eiinoaioe no?eeino? ia/enethaaee ca ?acoeueoaoaie
a?aaeothaaiiy aeaeo?iae?a ye o aiaeyieo ?ic/eiao (lg ), oae ? o
na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae IA? (lg ). Inoaii?e niin?a aeicaiey? ?ic??cieoe aoaeo
ca’ycoaaiiy eiiieaeniooai?thaa/a ai?iiieie i?oeaeaie ? aieea i?oeae ia
no?ee?noue eiiieaeno. Eiinoaioe no?eeino? oa iia’ycaii ??aiyiiyi:

lg  = lg  + lg ( 1 + Kb(n – cmc)). (14)

Ca?aeii iaea?aeaieo ioe?iie Kb, i?e eiioeaio?aoe?? NaDS 0.05 iieue/e
cia/aiiy lg  iathoue ia?aaeuoaaoe lg  i?eaeecii ia 1.1, ui caaeia?eueii
ocaiaeaeo?oueny c aenia?eiaioaeueieie aeaieie (oaae.3,4).

15

Iaiiie – ia?iiiaaiia IA? – iaei aieeaa? ia no?ee?noue eiiieaen?a
eaaei?th(II) c i-oaiaio?ie?iii (phen) oa 2,2-aeei??eaeeeii (dip) ?
eiiieaeno i?ae?(II) c 2,2-aeei??eaeeeii. Iaeiae aeey eiiieaen?a
i?ae?(II) c i-oaiaio?ie?iii ci?ith?oueny iiaeaeue eiiieaeniooai?aiiy
(oaae. 3). Aeey eaaei?th(II) no?ee?noue eiiieaen?a c phen oa dip
i?aeoe/ii ia ci?ith?oueny a i?enooiino? OeIO oa OeII, a no?ee?noue
ai?iiiiai eiiieaeno c nta3- aeaui ciaioo?oueny (oaae. 4). Iiaeia
i?eionoeoe, ui e ai?iiiee eiiieaen ia aca?iiae?? c eao?iiieie i?oeaeaie.

A i?enooiino? ai?iiieo i?oeae aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo iao??th a on?o
aeiaaeeao, iacaeaaeii a?ae ca?yaeo eiiieaeno, no?ee?noue eiiieaen?a c
ai?iiieie e??aiaeaie aeaui ciaioo?oueny (oaae. 4). Oea na?ae/eoue i?i
oa, ui ? eao?iii?, ? iaeo?aeuei? eiiieaene iaei nietha?e?ciaaii
i?oeaeaie aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo oa ia ooai?ththoue anioe?ao?a c ai?iiaie
IA?. Ioaea, aoaeo na?aaeiaeua i?oeae aeey eiiieaen?a c ai?iiieie
e??aiaeaie — oea a iniiaiiio ca’ycoaaiiy ?ii?a iaoaeo
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoii.

Eiiieaene Cd2+ c phen oa dip a i?enooiino? ai?iiieo i?oeae NaDS
no?ee?o?, i?ae o aiaeyieo ?ic/eiao (oaae. 3). A??ia?aeii, ui ai?iii?
i?oeaee NaDS ca’ycothoue eao?iii? eiiieaene i?oei?oa ca iieaeoee
e??aiae?a (a?ae?ioiaio aca?iiae?th aeiiiaith? aeaeo?inoaoe/ia
i?eoyaaiiy). I?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi ? niaae eiinoaio no?eeino? eiiieaen?a
eaaei?th(??) c phen oa dip c? c?inoii ?iiii? neee o i?oeaey?ieo
?ic/eiao. *a?ac iai?i i?ioe?ii?a i?e c?ino? eiioeaio?aoe?? ?ii?a Na+
eao?iii? eiiieaene aeeo/athoueny ?c oa?o Ooa?ia, ci?uoth/e ??aiiaaao
eiiieaeniooai?aiiy e?ai?o/.

Aeey eiiieaen?a i?ae?(II) i?oeaey?ia na?aaeiaeu? aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo
aeeeeea? i?ioeeaaei? aoaeoe: no?ee?noue eiiieaen?a, iniaeeai Cu2+ c dip,
ciaioo?oueny ii??aiyii ?c aiaeyieie ?ic/eiaie. Noaey/e c eiinoaio
no?eeino?, iiaeia i?eionoeoe, ui eao?iii? eiiieaene Cu2+ neaaoa
ca’ycothoueny i?oeaeaie, i?ae aiaei??/i? eiiieaene Cd2+ oa iieaeoee phen
oa dip. I?e/eiith ??ciiai ca’ycoaaiiy eiiieaen?a Cu2+ oa Cd2+ i?oeaeaie
iiaeooue aooe ?ica?aeiino? a ?o noa?aiiao???.

Aeei?enoiaoth/e ciaeaeai? eiinoaioe no?eeino?, noai?aii eaaei?e-aooa?i?
?ic/eie (oaae. 5).

Oaaeeoey 5

Neeaae oa oa?aeoa?enoeee eaaei?e-aooa?ieo ?ic/ei?a o na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae
NaDS

Caaaeuei? eiioeaio?aoe??,

10-3 iieue/e?aaeoe?y?Cd?ic?CdaeiAooa?ia ?ii?noue, 10-4 iieue/e0.10
Cd(NO3)2; 0.35 dip; NaNO3(15)6.496.500.641.01 Cd(NO3)2; 3.7 dip;
NaNO3(15)7.587.516.831.01 Cd(NO3)2; 6.20 phen;
NaNO3(16)11.9511.766.391.01 Cd(NO3)2; 6.35 phen;
NaNO3(16)11.3711.876.581.01 Cd(NO3)2; 4.72 phen;
NaNO3(17)11.2111.204.281.01 Cd(NO3)2; 3.46 phen;
NaNO3(17)10.0210.002.371.01 Cd(NO3)2; 4.06 phen;
NaNO3(17)10.7010.583.25Aooa?io ae?th aei ?ii?a Cd2+ caaacia/othoue
?aaeoe??:

Cd(dip)22+ – 2dip Cd2+, -lg2= -10.13, (15)

Cd(phen)32+ – 3phen Cd2+, -lg3= -16.40, (16)

3Cd(phen)22+ – 2Cd(phen)32+ Cd2+, 2lg3-3lg2= -5.45. (17)

Caa??aaiiy ?ic/ei?a i?ioyaii 3-4 ae?a ci?ith? ?o pCd eeoa aeiaaeeiai a
iaaeao  0.1. Canoinoaaiiy iaoaeiaooa??a i?aeaeuo? oi/i?noue
a?aaeothaaiiy i?e aei??thaaii? iecueeeo eiioeaio?aoe?e ?ii?a iaoaeo a
na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae NaDS aei pCd=11.2.

AENIIAEE

1.Eao?iinaeaeoeai? aeaeo?iaee ia iniia? oaa?aeioacieo iaia?ai iiaeia
canoiniaoaaoe aeey aea/aiiy i?ioean?a ?iiiiai ca’ycoaaiiy a ?ic/eiao
iiaa?oiaai-aeoeaieo ?a/iaei, ine?eueee a oeeo na?aaeiaeuao caa??aa?oueny
a?aeaoe aei eao?ii?a iaoaeo, oi/a a?aaeothaaeuei? oa?aeoa?enoeee
ci?iththoueny ii??aiyii c aiaeyieie ?ic/eiaie.

2.Oa?aeoa? aieeao IA? ia ??aaeothaaeuei? oa?aeoa?enoeee i?aeue-,
eaaei?e- oa naeiaoeue-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iae?a caeaaeeoue a?ae
ca?yaeiiai oeio IA? ? ??ciee a aeii?oeaey?ieo ? i?oeaey?ieo ?ic/eiao. A
i?enooiino? eao?iiieo i?oeae oeaoeei??eaeei?e i?o?aoo cia/ii
nei?i/o?oueny ae?aiacii e?i?eiino? oa ciaioo?oueny eooiaee eiao?oe??io
a?aaeothaaeueieo oa?aeoa?enoee. A i?enooiino? ai?iiieo i?oeae
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo iao??th ??aaeothaaeuei? ??ao?ee cnoaathoueny
ia?aeaeueii a a?e ia?aoeai?oeo cia/aiue a.?.n., ui ni?e/eiy?oueny
ca’ycoaaiiyi ?ii?a iaoaeo ai?iiieie i?oeaeaie. Iiaeaeyie aeaeo?iaeiiai
a?aeaoeo i?aeue- ? eaaei?e-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iae?a o na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae
ai?iiii? IA? ? ??aiyiiy, ui aeeth/athoue eiinoaioe ca’ycoaaiiy eao?ii?a
Cu2+ oa Cd2+ i?oeaeaie aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo.

3.Ci?ia aeeooc?eiiai iioaioe?aeo i?e ia?aoiae? a?ae aiaeyieo ?ic/ei?a
aei i?oeaey?ieo ?ic/ei?a IA? ia ia?aaeuo? 5 iA. Aeey onoiaiiy
a?aeiia?aeii? iioeaee i?e aecia/aiiyo a i?oeaey?ieo na?aaeiaeuao
aeioe?eueii aeey a?aaeothaaiiy aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?ic/eie a oaeiio ae
na?aaeiaeu?.

4.?ic?iaeai? eaaei?e-aooa?i? ?ic/eie ia iniia? eiiieaen?a eaaei?th(??) c
i-oaiaio?ie?iii oa 2,2-aeei??eaeeeii caaacia/othoue ??aaeothaaiiy
eaaei?e-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea a na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo
a ae?aiacii? ?Cd a?ae 6.5 aei 11.2.

5.Aeine?aeaeaiiy a i?oeaey?ieo na?aaeiaeuao eiiieaeniooai?aiiy ?ii?a
i?ae?(??) oa eaaei?th(??) c iaeo?aeueieie (phen, dip, aoeeaiae?ai?i) oa
ai?iiieie e?aaiaeaie (?iie ae?oeeio, i?ie?io, aeooai?iiai? eeneioe,
a?ae?ioinoaoo aeey Cu2+ oa nta3- aeey Cd2+) iieacaei, ui iaea?eueo
nooo?ai ia neeaae oa no?ee?noue eiiieaen?a i?ae?(??) oa eaaei?th(??)
aieeaa? na?aaeiaeua ai?iiieo i?oeae aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo.

6.Iaoiaeeea inaaeaeoaaeueiiai oeo?oaaiiy aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo c
canoinoaaiiyi naeiaoeue-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea aeey ?iaeeeaoe?? EOO
i?eaeaoia aeey aecia/aiiy ai?noo iniiaiiai eiiiiiaioa a i?aia?aoao
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo iao?ith.

7.Eiio?ieue a?aaeothaaeueieo ia?aiao??a neeyiiai aeaeo?iaea a i?ioean?
?I-iao?e/iiai oeo?oaaiiy na?ae/eoue i?i ci?io /ooeeaino? iaia?aie, ui
iino?eii ciaoiaeeoueny o ?ic/ei? c? ci?iiei ?I: /ooeea?noue iaaea? i?e
ia?aoiae? a?ae iaioeo cia/aiue ?I aei a?eueoeo oa ca?eueoo?oueny i?e
cai?ioiueiio ii?yaeeo ci?ie ?I.

8.A aooa?ieo ?ic/eiao, ui i?noyoue ai?iie nta3- /e HPO42-,
niinoa??aathoueny noaia?ino?anuee? a?aeoeee ??aaeothaaeueieo
oa?aeoa?enoee neeyiiai aeaeo?iaea. ?o i?e/eiith iiaea aooe ye
niaoeeo?/iee aieea ai?ii?a ia neeyio iaia?aio, oae ? cnoa aooa?ii?
??aiiaaae aiane?aeie anioe?aoe?? ai?ii?a c eao?iiaie oiiiaiai
aeaeo?ie?oo.

9.Niaoeeo?/iee aieea ia iaia?aio Pb2+-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea /eiyoue ia
eeoa ai?iie ea?aieneeai?uoth/eo eiiieaenii?a, aea ? e??aiaee eeano
aeeo?iae?eie?a. Aeei?enoaiiy iaoaeiaooa?ieo ?ic/ei?a aeicaieeei ooi/ieoe
eiao?oe??ioe naeaeoeaiino? Cd2+- oa Pb2+-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a o
i?enooiino? eao?ii?a Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+.

Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii a ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. Eiaeiiaa E.I., Eu/aaa I.N. (*a?iuo?aa I.N.). I noaaeeueiinoe
a?aaeoe?iai/iuo ia?aiao?ia ?I-iao?e/aneie y/aeee a i?ioeanna
iioaioeeiiao?e/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey eeneioii-iniiaiuo ?aaiiaanee // Oei.
oeceea.-1996.-O.15, ? 11.-N.97-104.

2. Eiaeiiaa E.I., *a?iuo?aa I.N., ?aoaoiye A.A., Aantheiaa E.A.
Ii?aaeaeaiea aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoa iaoiaeaie iioaioeeiiao?e/aneiai
oeo?iaaiey // Aanoiee Oa?ueeianeiai oieaa?neoaoa. Oeiey.-Oa?ueeia:-1997.
? 1.-N.77-85.

3. Eiaeiiaa E.I., *a?iuo?aa I.N., Eaaei E.A., Nooiieeiiaa I.A.
Eiiieaeniia?aciaaiea iaaee(II) e eaaeiey(II) n iaeioi?uie eeaaiaeaie a
n?aaea ieoeaee aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoa iao?ey // Aanoiee Oa?ueeianeiai
oieaa?neoaoa. Oeiey.-Oa?ueeia:-1998. ? 2.-N.230-234.

4. Eiaeiiaa E.I., *a?iuo?aa I.N. Eaaeiee-aooa?iua ?anoai?u aeey
eiiiiao?ee a ieoeaeey?iuo n?aaeao // Aanoiee Oa?ueeianeiai oieaa?neoaoa.
Oeiey.-Oa?ueeia:-1998. ? 2.-N.258-260.

5. Eiaeiiaa E.I., Eu/aaa I.N. (*a?iuo?aa I.N.), AE.A.Ieoiaeaaaaaice.
Aeeyiea iiaa?oiinoii-aeoeaiuo aauanoa ia a?aaeoe?iai/iua oa?aeoa?enoeee
eiinaeaeoeaiuo yeaeo?iaeia // Oacenu aeiee. IX eiio.
“Iiaa?oiinoii-aeoeaiua aauanoaa e nu?uea aeey eo
i?iecaiaenoaa”.-Aaeai?iae.-1996.-N.76.

6. Eiaeiiaa E.I., Eu/aaa I.N. (*a?iuo?aa I.N.). Eiiieaeniia?aciaaiea
iaaee(II) e eaaeiey(II) a i?enoonoaee ieoeaee iiaa?oiinoii-aeoeaiuo
aauanoa // Oace aeii. XIV Oe?. eiio. c iai?a. o?i??.-Ee?a.-1996.-N.86.

7. Loginova L.P., Chernysheva O.S. The effect of surfactant micelles
media on the copper(II) and cadmium(II) complexes formation with some
ligands // Abstracts of VII Inter. Conf..-Ivanovo.-1998.-N.349.

*a?ieoiaa I.N. Aieea iiaa?oiaai-aeoeaieo ?a/iaei oa ?ioeo eiiiiiaio?a
iao?eoe? ia aiae?oe/iee neaiae eao?iinaeaeoeaieo iaia?aiieo
aeaeo?iae?a.-?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa o?i?/ieo iaoe ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth 02.00.02 – aiae?oe/ia o?i?y.-Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee
oi?aa?neoao, Oa?e?a, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa i?enay/aia i?iaeaiai iioaioe?iiao?e/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aiae?co i?aai?ciaaieo ?ic/ei?a, cie?aia, i?oeaey?ieo
?ic/ei?a iiaa?oiaai-aeoeaieo ?a/iaei (IA?).

Aia?oa i?iaaaeaii iao?ieia?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy iioaioe?iiao?e/ieo
aei??thaaiue c eao?iinaeaeoeaieie oaa?aeiiaia?aiieie aeaeo?iaeaie a
na?aaeiaeu? i?oeae iiaa?oiaai-aeoeaieo ?a/iaei (IA?): anoaiiaeaii
oa?aeoa? aieeao ??cieo oei?a IA? (ai?iiii?, eao?iiii?, ia?iiiaaiii?) ia
aeaeo?iaeiee a?aeaoe; iaea?aeaii iiaeae? a?aeaoeo i?aeue(??)- ?
eaaei?e(??)-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a o na?aaeiaeu? ai?iiieo i?oeae
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoo; noai?aii iaoaeiaooa?i? ?ic/eie aeey a?aaeothaaiiy
eaaei?e-naeaeoeaieo aeaeo?iae?a o i?oeaey?iiio na?aaeiaeu?. Ooi/iaii
oyaeaiiy i?i iaoai?ci niaoeeo?/iiai aieeao e?aaiae?a ia oaa?ae?
eao?iinaeaeoeai? iaia?aie. Anoaiiaeaii, ui niaoeeo?/iee aieea ia
iaia?aio Pb2+-naeaeoeaiiai aeaeo?iaea /eiyoue ia eeoa ai?iie
ea?aieneeai?uoth/eo eiiieaenii?a, aea ? e?aaiaee oeio oi?o?ieo. Aia?oa
ciaeaeaii yaeua ci?ie /ooeeaino? iaia?aie neeyiiai aeaeo?iaea, ui
iino?eii ciaoiaeeoueny o ?ic/ei?, ?I yeiai ci?ithoueny. Aeine?aeaeaii
aieea i?oeaey?iiai na?aaeiaeua ia eiiieaeniooai?aiiy Cd(II) oa Cu(II) c
?yaeii e?aaiae?a.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: eao?iinaeaeoeai? aeaeo?iaee, aeaeo?iaeiee a?aeaoe,
i?oeaee, iiaa?oiaai-aeoeaia ?a/iaeia, eiiieaeniooai?aiiy,
eaaei?e-aooa?i? ?ic/eie, niaoeeo?/iee aieea.

*a?iuoaaa I.N. Aeeyiea iiaa?oiinoii-aeoeaiuo aauanoa e ae?oaeo
eiiiiiaioia iao?eoeu ia aiaeeoe/aneee neaiae eaoeiinaeaeoeaiuo
iaia?aiiuo yeaeo?iaeia.-?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oeie/aneeo iaoe ii
niaoeeaeueiinoe 02.00.02 – aiaeeoe/aneay oeiey.-Oa?ueeianeee
ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao, Oa?ueeia, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeeiiiay ?aaioa iinayuaia i?iaeaiai iioaioeeiiao?e/aneiai
enneaaeiaaiey e aiaeeca i?aaieciaaiiuo ?anoai?ia, a /anoiinoe,
ieoeaeey?iuo ?anoai?ia iiaa?oiinoii-aeoeaiuo aauanoa (IAA).

Aia?aua i?iaaaeaii iao?ieiae/aneia iainiiaaiea iioaioeeiiao?e/aneeo
ecia?aiee n eaoeiinaeaeoeaiuie oaa?aeiiaia?aiiuie yeaeo?iaeaie a n?aaea
ieoeaee IAA: onoaiiaeai oa?aeoa? aeeyiey ?aciuo oeiia IAA (aieiiiia,
eaoeiiiia, iaeiiiaaiiia) ia yeaeo?iaeiue ioeeee; iieo/aiu iiaeaee
ioeeeea iaaeue(II)- e eaaeiee(II)-naeaeoeaiuo yeaeo?iaeia a n?aaea
aieiiiuo ieoeaee aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoa; nicaeaiu iaoaeeiaooa?iua ?anoai?u
aeey a?aaeoe?iaee eaaeiee-naeaeoeaiuo yeaeo?iaeia a ieoeaeey?iie n?aaea.

Iaia?oaeaii, /oi a i?enoonoaee IAA anao oeiia (aeiaeaoeeenoeueoao
iao?ey, oeaoeeie?eaeeiee ieo?ao, iaiiie) eciaiyaony a?aiy ioeeeea Cu2+-,
Cd2+- e Pb2+-naeaeoeaiuo yeaeo?iaeia: i?e eiioeaio?aoeee IAA ieaea EEI
iioaioeeae aeinoeaae noaaeeueiuo cia/aiee iaaeeaiiaa, a a ieoeaeey?iuo
n?aaeao auno?aa, /ai a aiaeiuo ?anoai?ao.

A i?enoonoaee ieoeaee iaeiiiaaiiiai IAA (iaiiie, iiiiaeeeeiaua yoe?u
iieeyoeeaiaeeeiey ia iniiaa aoi?e/iuo aee?iuo nie?oia) e aieiiiiai IAA
(aeiaeaoeeenoeueoao iao?ey) a?aaeoe?iai/iua a?aoeee anao enneaaeiaaiiuo
iaoaeeinaeaeoeaiuo yeaeo?iaeia inoathony eeiaeiuie i?aeoe/anee a oii aea
aeeaiaciia, /oi e a aiaeiuo ?anoai?ao. A i?enoonoaee ieoeaee eaoeiiiiai
IAA (oeaoeeie?eaeeiee ieo?ao) ii n?aaiaieth n aiaeiuie ?anoai?aie
cia/eoaeueii nie?auaaony aeeaiacii eeiaeiinoe e oiaiueoaaony oaeiaie
eiyooeoeeaio. A n?aaea ieoeaee aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoa iao?ey iaaethaeaaony
ia?aeeaeueiue naeaea a?aaeoe?iai/iuo a?aoeeia a noi?iio aieaa
io?eoeaoaeueiuo cia/aiee y.ae.n. Aeeyiea ieoeaeey?iie n?aaeu ia
aeeoooceiiiue iioaioeeae ecia?eoaeueiuo y/aae ia i?aauoaao 5 iA.
Iaeaeaiu cia/aiey eiinoaio naycuaaiey i?e eiioeaio?aoeee
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoa iao?ey 0.02 iieue/e e 0.05 iieue/e:
lg Kb = 2.21  0.05 e lg Kb = 2.34  0.03 aeey eiiia Cu2+;
lg Kb = 2.27  0.03 e lg Kb = 2.37  0.06 aeey eiiia Cd2+.

?ac?aaioaia iaoiaeeea iioaioeeiiao?e/aneiai oeo?iaaiey n
Pb2+-naeaeoeaiui yeaeo?iaeii aeey ii?aaeaeaiey niaea?aeaiey iniiaiiai
eiiiiiaioa a i?aia?aoao aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoa iao?ey.

Eco/aii aeeyiea ieoeaeey?iie n?aaeu ia onoie/eainoue eiiieaenia Cu(II) e
Cd(II) n eeaaiaeaie ?aciuo ca?yaeiuo oeiia e ?aciuie ooieoeeiiaeueiuie
a?oiiaie. Iieo/aiu iiaeaee eiiieaeniia?aciaaiey Cu(II) n aieiiaie
aeeoeeia, i?ieeia, aeooaieiiaie eeneiou, aeae?ioinoaoii,
yoeeaiaeeaieiii, i-oaiaio?ieeiii, 2,2-aeeie?eaeeeii e Cd(II) n nta3-,
i-oaiaio?ieeiii (phen), 2,2-aeeie?eaeeeii (dip) a n?aaea ieoeaee IAA
?aciuo oeiia.

Iaiiie iaei aeeyao ia onoie/eainoue eiiieaenia Cd(II) n phen e dip e
eiiieaena Cu(II) n dip. Iaeiaei a neo/aa eiiieaenia Cu(II) n phen
ianeieueei eciaiyaony iiaeaeue eiiieaeniia?aciaaiey.

Onoie/eainoue eiiieaenia Cd(II) n phen e dip i?aeoe/anee ia eciaiyaony a
i?enoonoaee oeaoeeie?eaeeiee ieo?aoa e oeaoeeie?eaeeiee oei?eaea, a
onoie/eainoue aieiiiiai eiiieaena Cd(II) n nta3- ianeieueei
oiaiueoaaony.

A i?enoonoaee aieiiiuo ieoeaee aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoa iao?ey ai anao
neo/ayo, iacaaeneii io ca?yaea eiiieaena, iaaethaeaaony iaeioi?ia
oiaiueoaiea onoie/eainoe eiiieaenia n aieiiiuie eeaaiaeaie. Eiiieaenu
Cd2+ n phen e dip a i?enoonoaee aieiiiuo ieoeaee aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoa
ieacaeenue aieaa onoie/eauie, /ai a aiaeiuo ?anoai?ao. A neo/aa
eiiieaenia Cu2+ ieoeaeey?iay n?aaea aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoa aucuaaao
i?ioeaiiieiaeiua yooaeou: onoie/eainoue eiiieaenia oiaiueoaaony ii
n?aaiaieth n aiaeiuie ?anoai?aie, /oi iniaaiii caiaoii aeey eiiieaenia
Cu2+ n dip.

?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiey eiiieaeniia?aciaaiey Cd(II) n i-oaiaio?ieeiii
e 2,2-aeeie?eaeeeii eniieueciaaiu aeey nicaeaiey eaaeiee-aooa?iuo
?anoai?ia a aeeaiaciia pCd io 6.5 aei 11.2 a ieoeaeey?iie n?aaea
aeiaeaoeeenoeueoaoa iao?ey.

Ooi/iaiu i?aaenoaaeaiey i iaoaiecia niaoeeoe/aneiai aeeyiey eeaaiaeia ia
oaa?aeua eaoeiinaeaeoeaiua iaia?aiu. Iaia?oaeaii niaoeeoe/aneia aeeyiea
ia iaia?aio Pb2+-naeaeoeaiiai yeaeo?iaea eeaaiaeia eeanna
aeeoeiaeeeieae. I?aaeeiaeaii iauyniaiea niaoeeoe/aneiai aeeyiey
eeaaiaeia ia iniiaa i?aaenoaaeaiee ia aaeni?aoeee eeaaiaea ia
iiaa?oiinoe iaia?aiu, aaaeouae e naeaeao aooa?iiai ?aaiiaaney a
i?eiiaa?oiinoiii neia.

N eniieueciaaieai iaoaeeiaooa?iuo ?anoai?ia ooi/iaiu eiyooeoeeaiou
naeaeoeaiinoe Cd2+- e Pb2+-naeaeoeaiuo yeaeo?iaeia a i?enoonoaee
eaoeiiia Na+, Ca2+ e Mg2+. Iieo/aiiua eo ieceea cia/aiey eo/oa
niaeanothony n i?aaenoaaeaieyie i iaoaiecia naeaeoeaiinoe oaa?aeioaciuo
iaia?ai, /ai eeoa?aoo?iua aeaiiua.

Eco/aia noaaeeueiinoue a?aaeoe?iai/iuo ia?aiao?ia ?I-iao?e/aneie y/aeee
a i?ioeanna enneaaeiaaiey ?aaiiaanee iaoiaeii iioaioeeiiao?e/aneiai
oeo?iaaiey. Auyaeaiu i?e/eiu ioeeiiaiee a?aaeoe?iai/iuo oa?aeoa?enoee
noaeeyiiuo yeaeo?iaeia i?e oeo?iaaiee aauanoa n ?aciuie
ooieoeeiiaeueiuie a?oiiaie e ?aciuie ca?yaeaie eeneioiie e iniiaiie oi?i
(oenoniay eeneioa, aeeoeei, na?ei, H2edta2-, H2PO4-, Hnta2-).
Iaia?oaeaii yaeaiea eciaiaiey /oanoaeoaeueiinoe iaia?aiu noaeeyiiiai
yeaeo?iaea, iinoiyiii iaoiaeyuaainy a ?anoai?a, ?I eioi?iai eciaiyaony.
I?e ia?aoiaea io aieueoeo eiioeaio?aoeee I+ e iaiueoei
/oanoaeoaeueiinoue iaia?aiu iaaeaao, i?e ia?aoiii ii?yaeea eciaiaiey
eiioeaio?aoeee I+ —/oanoaeoaeueiinoue aic?anoaao. Eciaiaiea
/oanoaeoaeueiinoe noaeeyiiie iaia?aiu i?eaiaeeo e caieaeaiiui cia/aieyi
?I a eiioea oeo?iaaiey, iacaaeneii io i?e?iaeu oeo?aioa (eeneioa eee
uaei/ue). Yoo iniaaiiinoue neaaeoao i?eieiaoue ai aieiaiea, aiaeece?oy
iaaycee i?e ooi/iaiee iiaeaeae ?aaiiaanee ii aeaiiui ?I-iao?ee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: eaoeiinaeaeoeaiua yeaeo?iaeu, yeaeo?iaeiue ioeeee,
ieoeaeeu, iiaa?oiinoii-aeoeaiia aauanoai, eiiieaeniia?aciaaiea,
eaaeiee-aooa?iua ?anoai?u, niaoeeoe/aneia aeeyiea.

Chernysheva O.S. The influence of surfactants and others components of
matrix on response of cation selective membrane electrodes.-Manuscript.

Thesis for a candidate’s degree in chemical science by speciality
02.00.02 – analytical chemistry.-Kharkov State University, Kharkov,
1999.

The dissertation is devoted to problems of potentiometric research and
analysis of organized solutions in particular of surfactant micellar
solutions.

The metrological substantiation of potentiometry with cation selective
solid-state membrane electrodes in surfactant micellar medium was first
carried out. The effect of different type surfactants (anionic,
cationic, non-ionic) on electrode response was investigated. The
response models of copper(II) and cadmium(II) selective electrodes in
anionic micellar medium of dodecylsulphate were obtained. Metal buffer
solutions for calibration of cadmium(II) selective electrodes in
micellar medium were created. The concept of specific ligands effect on
cation selective membrane was developed. It has been found that not only
carboxyl containing complexone anions, but ligands likes unitiol would
have the specific influence on lead selective electrode membrane. It has
been first revealed the sensitivity of glass membrane is changed when an
electrode is resided permanently in pH -varied solution. The micellar
media effect on the Cd(II) and Cu(II) complex formation with some
ligands was investigated.

Key words: cation selective electrodes, electrode response, micelles,
surfactant, complex formation, cadmium buffer solution, specific effect.

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