?inoeooo a?oioiciaanoaa oa aa?iiii?? ?i. I.I.Nieieianueeiai OAAI
Aaee/ei Aieiaeeie? Aiae??eiae/
Oaee:631.47:631.48
A?oioiaee iie?ea Oe?a?inueeiai Iie?nny ye ciiaeueii iaoiiaeaiee
i?e?iaeiee eiiieaen, eiai ae?aaiinoeea oa eeaneo?eaoe?y
06.01.03 – aa?ia?oioiciaanoai ? aa?io?ceea
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe
Oa?e?a-1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? a?oioiciaanoaa oa aa?iiii??
?i.I.I.Nieieianueeiai, Oe?a?inueea aeaaeai?y aa?a?ieo iaoe.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?
Iieoiai Ieeiea ?aaiiae/
?inoeooo a?oioiciaanoaa oa
aa?io?i?? ! ?i.I.I.Nieaeuenueeiai, aieiaiee
iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: 1.Aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,
i?ioani?
Oeoiiaiei Aeieo?i A?eai?iae/,
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee
aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao
?i. A.A.Aeieo/a?aa,
i?i?aeoi? c iaa/aeueii? ?iaioe
Aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, aeioeaio
No?aeue/aiei Aieiaeeie?
Iao?iae/,
?inoeooo n?euenueeiai
ainiiaea?noaa Iie?nny OAAI,
caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eo
caiea?ianoaa
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao,
eaoaae?a a?oioiciaanoaa ?
ioi?iie a?oio?a,
Eaa?iao i?i?no??a Oe?a?ie,
i.Ee?a
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny «16» «ea?oiy» 1999 ?. i «14» aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.354.01. a ?inoeooo? a?oioiciaanoaa
oa aa?io?i?? ?i. I.I.Nieieianueeiai OAAI ca aae?anith: 310024,
i.Oa?e?a-24, aoe. *aeeianueeiai, 4
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo
a?oioiciaanoaa oa aa?iiii?? ?i.I.I.Nieieianueeiai OAAI 310024,
i.Oa?e?a, aoe. *aeeianueeiai, 4
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee «16» «aa?aciy» 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,
eaiaeeaeao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,
I. O.Iaaeaiei
. CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeueiinoue oaie. No/aniee noai ?icaeoeo a?oioiciaanoaa
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny noaiiaeaiiyi eiai aeieiai/iiai iai?yio
(Aeia?iaieueneee, Ieeeoei, 1986; 1990; Ea?ia/aaneee, 1993). C oei?th
aaeoccth ciaiue iia’ycothoue iaa?oiooaaiiy ?iciiai oeio a?aaeaoeie
aeanoeainoae a?oioia aiaeiiaiaeii aei aeieiai/ieo oiia ?o oi?ioaaiiy,
aaeineiiaeaiiy iiiaieeaoo?e, eeaneoieaoei?
e aeiaaiinoeee.Ua E. A. ?aiainueeee (1938) ?icaeyaeaa oei caiaeue ye oei
na?aaeiaeua, ui aecia/a? i?e?iaeio ?ineeiiinoue i oeyoe ??
ainiiaea?nueeiai aeei?enoaiiy, oiaoi aeieiai/ii oaeoi?e oi?iothoue
aiaeiiaiaeia na?aaeiaeua oa aecia/athoue no?oeoo?o
e aeeiaiieo aiioe a iueiio. A?oio, ye aiaeiii, ? ooieoei?th aeieiai/ieo
oiia i aiieiai/iiai oaeoi?a. Inue /iio iaeiioeiiinoue inoaiiio
iaia’yceiai ciaoiaeeoue aiaeia?aaeaiiy o aiaeiiaiaeieo ii?oiaaiaoe/ieo
ia?aiao?ao a?oioo.
A?oioiaee iie?ea Oe?a?inueeiai Iieinny (19,5% ieiui Oe?a?ie), ui caeia?
iniaeeaa iinoea na?aae iioeo ?iaieiieo i?e?iaeieo cii e?a?ie,
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny cia/iei iioe?aiiyi iiuaieo ianeaia, aiae?iii?oieo
eaiaeoaooia i aenieei ?iaiai caeinaiinoi, aiaeiinii
iaaaeeeith inai?iinoth oa?eoi?i?, yei e coiiaeee oi?ioaaiiy o eiai
iaaeao ?iciiiaiioiiai i ae?iaiiiica?/iiai a?oioiaiai
iie?eao.?aoeiiiaeueia aeei?enoaiiy caiaeueieo ?ano?nia iio?aao? oi/ii?
iioi?iaoei? i?i ?oiie yeiniee neeaae aeey aecia/aiiy aa?ia?oioiaiai
iioaioeiaeo, ioeiiee aa?oinoi, i?iaaaeaiiy na?oeoieaoei? oa iiiioi?eiao
ca noaiii.
I?ioa no/anii aeaii i?i no?oeoo?o a?oioiaiai iie?eao Iieinny ia iiaiith
ii?ith aiaeiiaiaeathoue ?aaeiyi. O ca’yceo c oeei aeooaeueiinoue
i?aaenoaaeaii? oaie iieyaa? a iaa?oiooaaiii iieinueei? ciie ye
niaoeeoi/iiai oiceei-aaia?aoi/iiai ?aaiiio, aeyaeaiii iniaeeainoae
a?oioiooai?aiiy a iueiio, ?ic?iaoei eieueeinieo iieacieeia ?o aecia/aiiy
oa oaeineiiaeaiiy iiiaieeaoo?e i aeiaaiinoeee a?oioia. ?ica’ycaiiy
cacia/aieo ieoaiue aeanoue ciiao iaoeiai iaa?oiooaaoe ?aoeiiiaeueia
i?e?iaeiei?enooaaiiy a ciii Iieinny.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. ?iaioa
aeeiioaaeanue o iaaeao iaoeiai-oaoii/ii? i?ia?aie “?ic?iaeoe aeieiai/ii
aacia/ii oaoiieiai? aiaeoai?aiiy ?iaeth/inoi i ioi?iie a?oioia”,
iiaei?ia?aie “Oaoiieiai? iioeiicaoei? no/aniiai a?oioiooai?thaaeueiiai
i?ioeano” oa caaaeaiiy 01.01: “Oaeineiiaeeoe eeaneoieaoeith a?oioia oa
?ic?iaeoe a?oioiai-aeieiai/ia ?aeiioaaiiy caiaeueieo ?ano?nia i ioeiieoe
?o a?oioiaee iioaioeiae”.
Iaoa oa caaea/i aeineiaeaeaiue – aeyaeoe caeiiiii?iinoi ca’yceo iiae
oeiieiai/ieie iniaeeainoyie a?oioiooai?aiiy a ciii Iieinny i ia?aiao?aie
iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy aoiono, anoaiiaeoe iieaciee oeueiai ca’yceo i ?ic?iaeoe
eiai ii?iaoeaii a?aaeaoei? aeey iaeaioeoieaoei? aaiaoe/iiai noaoono
a?oioo.Aiaeiiaiaeii aei iaoe ae?iooaaeenue oaei caaaeaiiy:
– iaa?oiooaaoe niaoeeoieo aiae?ioa?ii/ieo oiia ciie aeineiaeaeaiue;
– anoaiiaeoe ca’ycie iiae oeiaie a?oioiooai?aiiy oa iaa?iiaaeaeaiiyi
aoiono;
– aeyaeoe nii?iaeiaiinoue ciiaeueiiai a?oioiooai?aiiy ia eaniaeo i
e?aeaeyii-ia?aaeueieo ii?iaeao;
– aecia/eoe niaoeeoieo oi?ioaaiiy ciie ia?acaieiaeaiiy a a?oioao eaaeiai
a?aioeiiao?e/iiai neeaaeo;
– ?ic?iaeoe ii?iaoeaii iieacieee iaeaioeoieaoei? oeiia a?oioiooai?aiiy,
oaeineiiaeeoe iiiaieeaoo?o i aeiaaiinoeeo a?oioia o ?o iaaeao.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoaoia.
1. Aia?oa iaa?oioiaaii oa?aeoa?ii aeey ciie Iieinny ia?aiao?e/ii
iieacieee aiae?ioa?ii/ieo oiia. Iieacaii, ui AOE Naeyieiiaa ca ia?oo i
ae?oao /anoeio oaieiai ia?iiaeo iaeaioe/ii, ia aiaeiiio aiae Eininoaio,
a yeiio ae?oaa eiai /anoeia aieueo iinooeeaa. Oea aeaei ciiao ooi/ieoe
iaaeo iieinueei? ciie.
2. Aeyaeaii o?e iniiaii oeie a?oioiooai?aiiy iacaeaaeii aiae oa?aeoa?o
iaoa?einueeeo ii?iae: aea?iiai-iiaecieenoee, aea?iiaee iiiaecieaiee i
aea?iiai-aeaeiaee. Iieacaii, ui ?o oi?ioaaiiy coiiaeaii ?iciei
niiaaiaeiioaiiyi aea?aaieo i o?aa’yienoeo eiiiiiaioia oei?e, ui
aecia/a?oueny a?aioeiiao?e/iei neeaaeii ii?iae i nooiaiai caieiaeaiiy.
3. Aeiaaaeaii, ui eiaeiee oei a?oioiooai?aiiy oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iaaieie
ia?aiao?aie eiaoioei?ioa aiaeiiniiai iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy aoiono. ?ic?iaeaii
aeey ieo ii?iaoeaii a?aaeaoei? c aeeoa?aioeiaoei?th ca nooiaiai
aieiaicaaacia/aiiy.
4. Iieacaii, ui ia e?aeaeyii-ia?aaeueieo ii?iaeao ii?oieiai-aaiaoe/ii
iieacieee i?ioieth ia caiaathoueny c oeiii a?oioiooai?aiiy, inoaiii
aecia/athoueny ia?aiao?aie eiaoioei?ioia aiaeiiniiai iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy
aoiono.
5. Oaeineiiaeaii iiiaieeaoo?o a?oioia oa ?o aeiaaiinoeeo.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoaoia iieyaa? a i?inoi?iaiio
?iciaaeoaaiii cii Iieinny oa Eininoaio, ?ic?iaoei eieueeinieo iieacieeia
iaeaioeoieaoei? oeiia a?oioiooai?aiiy e oaeineiiaeaiii eeaneoieaoei?
a?oioia oa ?o aeiaaiinoeee.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aaoi? a?aa aaciina?aaeiuei o/anoue o
iieueiaeo aeineiaeaeaiiyo a?oioia, cai?i eioa?aoo?ieo i oiiaeiaeo
iaoa?iaeia, i?iaaaeaiii noaoenoeei-iaoaiaoe/iiai aiaeico ?acoeueoaoia
aeineiaeaeaiue.
Iniiaii iaoeiai iieiaeaiiy oa aeniiaee io?eiaii aeena?oaioii.
Ai?iaaoeiy ?iaioe. Iniiaii ?acoeueoaoe aeineiaeaeaiue aaoi?a
aeiiiaiaeaeenue ia ?anioaeieainueeie ia?aaei c iaeii?aoeaii? aaia?aoi?
(i. Oaoeuee, 1980), ia ui?i/ieo caioao a/aii? ?aaee Iinoeoooo
a?oioiciaanoaa oa aa?ioiii? ii. I. I. Nieieianueeiai, eiioa?aioei? c
iiaeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiinoi aeei?enoaiiy aeia?ea i ?iaeth/inoi a?oioia a
Oe?a?ii (i. Oa?eia,
1985), a oaeiae ia V c’?caei a?oioiciaaoeia i aa?ioiiieia Oe?a?ie (i.
?iaia, 1998).
Ioaeieaoei?. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoei? iioaeieiaaii 8 iaoeiaeo ?iaio.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoei?. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny ic anooio, 6
?icaeieia, aeniiaeia, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (186 iiceoeie, c ieo
– 5 eaoeieoeath). Caaaeueiee ianya aeena?oaoei? 155 noi?iiie, 31
oaaeeoey oa 5 ?enoieia.
INIIAIEE CIINO ?IAIOE
1. Ia’?eoe i iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiiy aeineiaeaeaiue. Ia’?eoii
aeineiaeaeaiue aaoi?a ? a?oioiaee iie?ea Oe?a?inueeiai Iieinny. Aeey
eiai aea/aiiy canoiniaaii eiiieaen iaoiaeia, a iniiao yeeo aoei
iieeaaeaii ii?iaiyeueii-aaia?aoi/iee, inoi?e/iee (aaiaoe/iee) i
nenoaiiee iiaeoiaee, a oaeiae iaoaiaoe/ii iaoiaee. ?iaioa aeeiioaaeany
oeyoii aeanieo iieueiaeo oa aiaeioe/ieo aeineiaeaeaiue, a oaeiae
ocaaaeueiaiiy /eneaiieo ioaeieaoeie i oiiaeiaeo iaoa?iaeia. Aoei
c?iaeaii aiaeic oaeoe/iiai iaoa?iaeo e?oiiiianooaaieo aeineiaeaeaiue
a?oioia onio ?aaiiiia Oe?a?inueeiai Iieinny. Ia?o?ooii aeineiaeaeaiiy
i?iaiaeeeenue o Ee?anueeie, *a?iiaianueeie, AEeoiie?nueeie, ?iaiainueeie
oa Aieeinueeie iaeanoyo iaoiaeii eaoai ia ?icieo aeaiaioao ?aeue?oo a
oiiaao i?e?iaeieo oeaiicia oa aa?ioeaiicia caeeaaeaiiyi a?oioiaeo
?ic?icia i aiaeai?ii c?aceia ca aaiaoe/ieie ai?eciioaie aeey aiaeicia.
Aiaeioe/ii aeineiaeaeaiiy aeeiioaaeeny caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie iaoiaeaie.
2. Inoi?e/ii aniaeoe aeineiaeaeaiue iieinueeeo a?oioia. Iaaaaeaii iaeyae
eioa?aoo?ieo i ea?oia?aoi/ieo aeaea?ae uiaei ?icaeoeo ciaiue i?i a?oioe
Iieinny, ?o iiiaieeaoo?o, aeiaaiinoeeo oa aaiaoeei-aa?iiiii/io
oa?aeoa?enoeeo. Iieacaii, ui inioth/i ia nueiaiaeii aeaii i?i aaiaoe/iee
noaoon a?oioia oa ?oii aeanoeainoi ia aiaeiiaiaeathoue ?aaeueiie
?icieoei, yea iiaeiia inioaaoe iiae a?oioaie ?iciiai oeio
a?oioiooai?aiiy. Aecia/aii iaaeineiiaeinoue aeiaaiinoeee a?oioia ca
ii?oieiai/ieie iieacieeaie, iaa?oioiaaii iai?yie aeineiaeaeaiue, yeei
i?enay/aia aeena?oaoeiy.
3. Aeieiai/ii iniaeeainoi oi?ioaaiiy a?oioiaiai iie?eao. Iieacaii ?ieue
i?e?iaeieo oiia ye a?oioiooai?thaa/ia o oi?ioaaiii a?oioiaiai iie?eao,
eiai ciiaeueieo iniaeeainoae. Iaa?oioiaaii, ui iiii?ii-oaieee, aieiaee,
i’yeee ia caoiaei e iiii?ii-eiioeiaioaeueiee ia noiaei eeiiao o oeieiio
ni?eyoeeaee aeey einiai? ?ineeiiinoi ye ia?aaeoiiae ?icaeoeo
iiaecieenoiai i?ioeano. Iaiaeii?iaeiinoue aaieiai/ii? aoaeiae o iaaeao
?icieo aaieiai/ieo no?oeoo? Noiaeii-?a?iiaenueei? ieaooi?ie
(Aaeeoeueei-Aieeinueei? caiaaeeie, Oe?a-
?inueeiai e?enoaei/iiai ueoa, Aeiii?ianueei-Aeiiaoeueei? caiaaeeie oa ia
noeei Ai?iiacueeiai e?enoaei/iiai ianeao) coiiaeea no?ieaoinoue iaci- i
iie?i?aeue?oo, aeayeith ii?ith a?oioiooai?thth/eo ii?iae, ui ? i?e/eiith
iaaecae/aeii? iica?/iinoi a?oioiaiai iie?eao Oe?a?inueeiai Iieinny. Ia
?? oi?ioaaiiy oaeiae aieeioei iaaeeaiea caeyaaiiy a?oioiaeo aiae, ui
aiaeia?aceeiny ia nooiaii aiae?iii?oiinoi a?oioia.Iaoa?einueei ii?iaee
i?aaenoaaeaii ii?aiith, oethaiiaeyoeiaeueieie aiaeeeaaeaie, ica?ieie
i?iniiaiaeieie noaeeieaie, aeaaiueiaethaiaeueieie iineaie, eanaie,
e?aeaeyii-ia?aaeueieie oa no/anieie ?i/eiaeie
aiaeeeaaeaie.Na?aae ieo ia?aaaaeathoue ii?iaee eaaeiai a?aioeiiao?e/iiai
neeaaeo. A Eiaiaa?aaeiiio i Oeaio?aeueiiio Iieinni iiuaii (0-5% oice/ii?
aeeie) i ca’ycii-iiuaii (6-10%) ii?iaee caeiathoue 23 i 22% oa?eoi?i?,
eaaei noiinee (11-15%) – 33 i 29%, aaaeei
noiinee (16-20%) – 30 i 31%, eaaei noaeeiee – 14 i 15%, oiaei ye a
Caoiaeiiio – aiaeiiaiaeii 69, 24, 4 i 3%. Oea iaia?aae aecia/a? ?iciee
nooiiiue ni?eyoeeainoi oa?eoi?i? aeey einiai? ?ineeiiinoi i aiaeii/an
iiina?aaeeiaaii – iioe?aiiy ?iciiai oeio a?oioiooai?aiiy, ui
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ?icieie oiiaaie caeyaaiiy, iiooaeiinoth i
oiceei-oiii/ieie
aeanoeainoyie.Aeey iaoa?einueeeo ii?iae Iieinny oa?aeoa?ia iaeiaeiaa
niiaaiaeiioaiiy iiae o?aeoeiyie ?o a?aioeiiao?e/iiai neeaaeo (?en. 3.1).
Oae, iiae aiinoii ioeo oa oice/ii? aeeie eiaoioei?io ei?aeyoei? a
aeaaiueiaethaiaeueieo ii?iaeao, eanao, ii?aii e oethaiiaeyoeiaeueieo
ii?iaeao noaiiaeoue 0,98; ieeii – 0,97-0,94, e?ii eania, aea aii
aei?iaith? 0,59, a iineii R= -0,91 – -0,99. Ci caieueoaiiyi aiinoo ioeo
iaeaea i?yii i?iii?oeieii c?inoa? eieueeinoue oice/ii? aeeie, ieeo i
aaeaeaaoii ciaioo?oueny iayaiinoue iineo. Oaea caeaaeiinoue, ia iaoo
aeoieo, naiae/eoue i?i iaeiioeiia ?o iioiaeaeaiiy.
Anoaiiaeaia no?oeoo?ii-ooieoeiiiaeueia caeaaeiinoue oioioeaiicia aiae
i?e?iaeieo /eiieeia Iieinny ye iniiaa eiai a?oioiaiai ?icia?ooy.
4. Iieinny – ciiaeueii iaoiiaeaiee oiceei-aaia?aoi/iee ?aaiii. Iieinny
caeia? iniaeeaa iinoea na?aae iioeo ?iaieiieo i?e?iaeieo cii Oe?a?ie.
?i/ii noie iiaaeia oa aeoeaieo oaiia?aoo? Oe?a?inueeiai Iieinny aeecueei
aei oeeo iieacieeia caoiaeii? /anoeie Eininoaio, yeo aaiaioaiiee
aaaaeathoue i?iaeiaaeaiiyi ciie oe?ieieenoyieo einia, aeanoeai?
Oeaio?aeueiie i Caoiaeiie ?a?iii. I?ioa iayaiinoue o iaaeao
Oa?iiiieuenueei? i /anoeiai Aieeinueei? iaeanoae
/i?iicaiieo a?oioia aea? iiaenoaao aaaaeaoe oa?eoi?ith
aieiaieininoaiiaith, niaoeeoiea aiae?ioa?ii/ieo oiia yei? aecia/a?oueny
i?ia?aoi/iei aoaeoii Aieeinueei? oa Iiaeieuenueei? aeni/ei i iio?aao?
aeeeth/aiiy ic neeaaeo oeiiaiai Eininoaio.Aiaeic aeaieo aeeiaiiee
aiae?ioa?ii/ieo oiia Iieinny aeyaea eiai niaoeeoi/io iniaeeainoue –
oioiaeiinoue
aaeaino oaiea e aieiae o ia?oo i ae?oao /anoeie oaieiai ia?iiaeo. Aeey
aaniethoii? aieueoinoi iaoainoaioeie Iieinny cia/aiiy aiae?ioa?ii/iiai
eiaoioei?ioa (AOE Naeyieiiaa) ca ia?iiaee o?aaaiue – eeiaiue i na?iaiue
– aa?anaiue caiaathoueny (oaae. 4.1).
?a?aaeo O?aaaiue-eeiaiue Na?iaiue-aa?anaiueIiaaee, ii Noia oaiia?aoo?
iiiaae 10°NAOEIiaaee, iiNoia oaiia?aoo? iiiaae 10°NAOE
1 170-185 1500-1550 1,10-1,20 100-110 900-950 1,10-1,20
2 180-200 1500-1550 1,20-1,30 110-120 900-950 1,20-1,30
3 195-220 1470-1510 1,30-1,40 120-130 900-950 1,30-1,40
4 215-240 1470-1510 1,40-1,50 130-140 900-950 1,40-1,50
C o?aooaaiiyi naciiii? aeeiaiiee aiae?ioa?ii/ieo oiia Iieinny a eiai
iaaeao iaie aeaeieaii 4 eeiiaoe/ii a?aaee.Aeey Eininoaio, iaaiaee,
aeanoeaa inoioia ?icieoey o aiae?ioa?ii/ieo oiiaao ia?oi? i ae?oai?
/anoei oaieiai ia?iiaeo – aiia eieeaa?oueny aiae 0,07 aei 0,25-0,30.
Iinooeeainoue ae?oai? /anoeie oaieiai ia?iiaeo coiiaeth? iaioo
eiioi?oiinoue aeioiiia aeey einiai? ?ineeiiinoi. O ca’yceo c oeei
aiae?ioa?ii/ii oiiae Iaeiai Iieinny, yeei aeanoeaa ?icieoey o 0,2-0,3
AOE, aiaeiiaiaeathoue Eininoaio, ui iio?aao? ia?aaeyaeo inioth/eo noai
?aeiioaaiue. Oei iieacieee aeaee ciiao ooi/ieoe i?e?iaeii iaaei Iieinny.
A a?aooaaiiy iioe?aiiy iaaieo no?oeoo? oeiia a?oioiaiai iie?eao a iueiio
oa aiieeiiaoe/ieo oiia, ui oi?iothoue nai??iaeii eaiaeoaooe, aia?oa
iaa?oiooaaoe iieacieee, ia?aiao?e oa iaaei a?oioiai-aeieiai/ii? ciie.
5. Oeie a?oioiooai?aiiy, ?o iiiaieeaoo?a oa aeiaaiinoeea. Oe?a?inueea
Iieinny ye ciiaeueii
iaoiiaeaiee i?e?iaeiee eiiieaen ic nai??iaeieie eeiiaoe/ieie
aaieiai-aaiii?oieiai/ieie, eioia?aioeiiao?e/ieie, aiae?ieiai/ieie i
oioioeaiioe/ieie oiiaaie aiaecia/a?oueny iica?/iei i iacieiiieaeniei
a?oioiaei iie?eaii.O ?acoeueoaoi aeineiaeaeaiue aeyaeaii o?e oeie
a?oioiooai?aiiy: aea?iiai-iiaecieenoee, aea?iiaee iiiaecieaiee i
aea?iiai-aeaeiaee.Aea?iiai-iiaecieenoee oei a?oioiooai?aiiy ?icaeaaany a
iaeni?eyoeeaioeo oiiaao aeey einiai? ?ineeiiinoi ye ca o?ioi/iei, oae i
aiaeiei ?aaeeiii, ui iaoiiaethaaei iiiiiaeueio o/anoue o iueiio o?aa. O
ca’yceo c oeei oi?ioaaiiy a?oioia noi?iaiaeaeoaaeiny iecueeei
aoioniiaa?iiaaeaeaiiyi. O ca’ycii-iiuaieo a?oioao eieueeinoue aoiono
eieeaa?oueny aiae 0,3-0,4 aei 0,7-0,8%, a a eaaeinoaeeieiaeo aiae –
1,1-1,5 aei 2,0-2,6%.Ca aeiaaiinoe/iei e?eoa?i?i eiaoioei?ioa aiaeiinii?
uiaei 10% oice/ii? aeeie aeoioeyoei? aoiono (EAAA),
oeae oei a?oioiooai?aiiy oa?aeoa?eco?oueny oaeeie ia?aiao?aie: aiae
0,35-0,55 aei 0,85-0,95.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui aaiaoe/iee oei a?oioiooai?thth/eo ii?iae ia aieeaa? ia
aeoioeyoeith aoiono a aea?iiai-iiaecieenoeo a?oioao. Eiai eieueeinoue
aecia/a?oueny aiinoii oice/ii? aeeie a ieo oa iioaineaiinoth caieiaeaiiy
(?en. 5.1). Cai?iiiiiaaii 4 aeaee a?oioia ca nooiaiai caieiaeaiiy i
?ic?iaeaii aeiaaiinoe/ii iieacieee ?o iaeaioeoieaoei?: aaoiii?oii
(EAAA2,8). Iiooaeiinoue aoioniaaiiai
i?ioieth cia/iith ii?ith iia’ycaia c aeeaeiith caeyaaiiy a?oioiaeo aiae.
Eieueeinoue aoiono aecia/a?oueny a?aioeiiao?e/iei
neeaaeii i nooiaiai iaea?iiy.Aea?iiai aea?-aethaiaeueii a?oioe iathoue
aoioniai-aethaiaeueiee ai?eciio 18-30 ni, aeeaoa yeiai caeyaa?
aea?-aethaiaeueiee aei 15-30 ni iiooaeiinoi, a ieae/a
aea?ai-iethaiaeueiee ai?eciio, yeee ia?aoiaeeoue o aeaeiao iaoa?einueeo
ii?iaeo. Eieueeinoue aoiono a oeeo a?oioao aecia/a?oueny ye nooiaiai
iaea?iiy, oae i aiinoii oice/ii? aeeie.
A?oioe aea?iiai-aeaeiaiai oeio a?oioiooai?aiiy oa?aeoa?ecothoueny
iecueeith ?iaeth/inoth /a?ac ia?acaieiaeaiiy. sse i?aaeei, aac ae?aiaaeo
oei a?oioe ia i?eaeaoii aeey aeei?enoaiiy a ?ieei, iacaaaeath/e ia
cia/io ?o ?ici?aiinoue.6. Eeaneoieaoeiy a?oioia Iieinny. O noaii
eeaneoieaoei? iiia?aeueieo a?oioia Iieinny i?iiiio?oueny 7 i??a?oi/ii
iiaeii?yaeeiaaieo ?iaiia (oaae. 6.1).Eeane a?oioia aeaeieythoueny ia
iiaenoaai a?aaeaoeie a?aioeiiao?e/iiai neeaaeo, ineieueee aii aecia/a?,
ia?aaeonii, ani ia?aiao?e a?oioiooai?thth/iai i?ioeano i caaaeueiee
aaaioon a?oioo.O?aaeeoeieii, ye i o anio aaiaoe/ieo eeaneoieaoeiyo, oei
a?oioo acyoee iaie ca iniiaio iii?io oaeniiiii/io iaeeieoeth. Aeaeieaii
iaie oeie a?oioiooai?aiiy ia noia?a/aoue aeaoiiioei? oeio a?oioo,
i?eeiyoiai oaia? o a?oioiciaanoai. A iaeei oei ia’?aeiothoueny a?oioe,
yei noi?ioaaeenue a iaeii?iaeieo aiae?ioa?ii/ieo oiiaao iiae iaeiaeiaith
?ineeiiinoth, ia ii?iaeao aeecueeiai ca iao?ia?aoi/iei i
a?aioeiiao?e/iei neeaaeii, oa?aeoa?ecothoueny iaeiioeiiinoth aoaeiae
i?ioieth, aeecueeei ?iaiai ?iaeth/inoi oa ?aeiinoth caniaia uiaei ?o
iieiioaiiy. Aiaeiiiiinoue eeoa a oiio, ui i?iiiio?oueny aecia/aii
iieacieee oeiia a?oioiooai?aiiy aeiaaiinooaaoe ca ia?aiao?aie
eiaoioei?ioia aiaeiiniiai iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy aoiono.Cai?iiiiiaaii iiaeoeie
a?oioia aiae?iciythoueny aeanoeainoyie, yei noi?ioaaeenue iiae aieeaii
?iciiai nooiaiy caieiaeaiiy i aeiaaiinoothoueny aecia/aieie ia?aiao?aie
eiaoioei?ioia aiaeiiniiai iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy aoiono.
?iciiaeie oeiia a?oioia ia ?iaee i?iaiaeeoueny ca ea?aiiaoiinoth,
?icaeoeii aea?-aethaiaeueieo i?ioeania oa ii.O ca’yceo c aeaoaeueiith
aeeoa?aioeiaoei?th a?oioiooai?aiiy ia ?iaii eeania ca a?aioeiiao?e/iei
neeaaeii iiaeie a?oioia ia ?iaii aeaeo ca inioth/eie iiaeoiaeaie ca
nooiaiai i?iyao oeiiaeo, iiaeoeiiaeo i ?iaeiaeo aeanoeainoae aaoiiaoe/ii
aiaeiaaea?, oiio i?iiiio?ii ia oeueiio ?iaii a?oioe iiaeieyoe ca
oeiieiai/ieie iniaeeainoyie iaoa?einueeeo ii?iae.
Iiaeaeae a?oioia aeaeiey?oueny ca ia?aiao?aie iiaenoaeaiiy iaoa?einueeeo
ii?iae iioeie oeiaie ii?iae.O cai?iiiiiaaiie noaii eeaneoieaoeiy
inai?ieo a?oioia i?iaiaeeoueny ia ?iaii aa?iaioia caeaaeii aiae ciii,
yei coiiaeaii aio?iiiaaiieie aeiyie.Ca oei?th noaiith iacao a?oioo
iaiaoiaeii aoei a ii/eiaoe c a?aioeiiao?e/iiai neeaaeo, iai?eeeaae:
ca’ycii-iiuaiee aea?iiai-iiaecieenoee neaaiaeathaaoee iiaeaeueiee ia
aiaeiieueiaeiaeeiaeo aiaeeeaaeao, iiaenoaeaiee ii?aiith c aeeaeie 2 i,
oeieeiiee (inai?iee, ieoeueoo?aiee). I?ioa o?aaeeoeieii iacaa a?oioia o
aaiaoe/iiio a?oioiciaanoai ii/eia?oueny c oeio a?oioiooai?aiiy. Uia ia
ii?oooaaoe onoaeaii iiaeoiaee aei iiiaieeaoo?e a?oioia, i?iiiio?ii iacao
a?oioo ii/eiaoe c oeiiaiai ?iaiy, aea ia ae?oaiio iinoei iaia’yceiai
aeacoaaoe eean – ca a?aioeiiao?i?th, a aeaei ana ca noaiith:
aea?iiai-iiaecieenoee ca’ycii-iiuaiee neaaiaeathaaoee ia
aiaeiieueiaeiaeeiaeo aiaeeeaaeao, iiaenoaeaieo c aeeaeie 2 i ii?aiith,
inai?iee, ieoeueoo?aiee.
CAAAEUeII AENIIAEE
1. Ciia Iieinny oa?aeoa?eco?oueny oioiaeiinoth aaeaino oaiea i aieiae o
ia?oo (o?aaaiue – eeiaiue) i ae?oao
(na?iaiue – aa?anaiue) /anoeie oaieiai ia?iiaeo, ui coiiaeth?
niiaiaaeaiiy cia/aiue aiae?ioa?ii/iiai eiaoioei?ioa (AOE
Naeyieiiaa) ca oei i?iiiaeee /ano ia aiaeiiio aiae Eininoaio c
iinooeeaith ae?oaith /anoeiith. Oea noai?th? iacieeiiaoe/ii ia?aaeoiiae
aeey nooeieueiiai iioe?aiiy einiai? ?ineeiiinoi i ? iniiaith aeey
?iciaaeoaaiiy Iieinny ic noiiaeieie ciiaie. Iaa?oioiaaii
iaeaaeiinoue oae caaiiai Iaeiai Iieinny aei ciie Eininoaio.
2. A?oioiooai?aiiy o ciii Iieinny ? ianeiaeeii ?iciiai niiaaiaeiioaiiy
aea?aaieo i o?aa’yienoeo
eiiiiiaioia oei?e, yea aecia/a?oueny a?aioeiiao?e/iei neeaaeii oa
nooiaiai caieiaeaiiy i ciaoiaeeoue
aaeaeaaoia aiaeia?aaeaiiy o ia?aiao?ao iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy aoiono. Aiii
iacaeaaeii aiae oa?aeoa?o iaoa?einueeeo
ii?iae, aeeoa?aioeith?oueny ia 3 iniiaii oeie: aea?iiai-iiaecieenoee,
aea?iiaee iiiaecieaiee oa aea?iiai-aeaeiaee.
3. Aea?iiai-iiaecieenoee oei a?oioiooai?aiiy oa?aeoa?eco?oueny
iioaineaiei i?iyaii iiaecieenoiai i?ioeano oa iiiiiaeueiei
iaa?iiaaeaeaiiyi aoiono, aiaeiiniee eiai eiaoioei?io noaiiaeoue
0,35-0,95, ui ca’ycaii c iacia/iith o/anoth o?aa’yienoi? ?ineeiii? aiioe
o iaaeiii?oiaaiaci, a aeiaiacii cia/aiue coiiaeth?oueny 4 nooiaiyie
aieiaicaaacia/aiiy: aaoiii?oiei, neaaiaeathaaoei, aeathaaoei i aeaeiaei
– aiaeiiaiaeii 0,35-0,55, 0,56-0,68, 0,69-0,82, 0,83-0,95.
4. Aea?iiaee iiiaecieaiee oei a?oioiooai?aiiy ?icaeaaany o einao c
iaeneiaeueiith o/anoth o?aa, ui coiiaeei aeoioeyoeaiee eiai oa?aeoa? i
aiaenooiinoue iiaecieenoiai ai?eciioo. Cia/aiiy eiaoioei?ioa
iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy aoiono noaiiaeyoue 0,96-2,00 caeaaeii
aiae 4 nooiaiia caieiaeaiiy: aaoiii?oiee – 0,96-1,15, neaaiaeathaaoee –
1,16-1,35, aeathaaoee – 1,36-1,60 oa aeaeiaee – 1,61-2,00.
5. Aea?iiai-aeaeiaee oa?aeoa? a?oioiooai?aiiy aeanoeaee aiae?iii?oiei
aeioiiai i ?icaeaaany aeeeth/ii iiae eo/ii-aieioiith o?aa’yienoith
?ineeiiinoth, ui coiiaeei iaeneiaeueia iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy aoiono,
eiaoioei?io yeiai aeey aeaeiaeo a?oioia noaiiaeoue 2,00-2,80,
neeueiiaeaeiaeo – aieueoa 2,80.
6. A?oioiooai?aiiy ia e?aeaeyii-ia?aaeueieo ii?iaeao coiiaeth?oueny
ciiaeueiei oa?aeoa?ii, a iniaeeainoi i?iyao eiai oeiia aecia/athoueny
nooiaiai caieiaeaiiy. I?ioa aaaioon i?ioieth a?oioia iaei
aiae?iciy?oueny ca ii?oieiai/ieie iciaeaie aianeiaeie aeiiiioth/iai
aieeao iaoa?einueei? ii?iaee. Oei a?oioiooai?aiiy ia oeeo ii?iaeao
iaaeieii aeiaaiinoo?oueny ?ic?iaeaieie iieacieeaie aiaeiiniiai
iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy aoiono.
7. Eeaneoieaoeiy iiia?aeueieo a?oioia Iieinny aaco?oueny ia eieueeinieo
ia?aiao?ao ?o aeanoeainoae i
neeaaea?oueny c 7 oaeniiiii/ieo iaeeieoeue: eean – oei – iiaeoei – ?iae
– aeae – iiaeaeae – aa?iaio. Oeiieiai/ia
noaia iiaoaeiaaia ca i??a?oi/iei i?eioeeiii, o iie oaeniiiii/iee ?aia
aiaeia?aaea? aaaeeeaee ?iaaiue aaiaoeei-
aa?iiiii/ieo yeinoae, ui iaaea? nenoaii ceaaiaeaeaiinoi i
aiaeiiaiaeiinoi i?e?iaeiei ?aaeiyi.
NIENIE I?AOeUe, IIOAEIEIAAIEO CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOeI?
1. Nieiaae A. A., Aaee/ei A. A. Ciiaeueii iniaeeainoi a?oioiaiai iie?eao
Iieinny oa i?iaeaie aaiaceno i
aeiaaiinoeee eiai eiiiiiaioia // Ainiee aa?a?ii? iaoee. – 1997. – ? 2. –
N. 10-14.
2. Nieiaae A. A., Aaee/ei A. A. Ooieoeiiiaeueii-aeieiai/ii
caeiiiii?iinoi oi?ioaaiiy aea?iiai-ea?aiiaoieo
a?oioia // Ainiee aa?a?ii? iaoee. – 1997. – ? 7. – N. 14-18.
3. Aaee/ei A. A. Eieueeinia aeiaaiinoeea aea?iiai-iiaecieenoeo a?oioia
Oe?a?inueeiai Iieinny // Aa?ioiiiy i
a?oioiciaanoai. – Niaoeiaeueiee aeione. *anoeia ae?oaa. – 1998. – N.
111-112.
4. Aaee/ei A. A. Aea?iiai iiiaecieaii a?oioe Oe?a?inueeiai Iieinny, ?o
eeaneoieaoeiy oa i?eioeeie aeiaaiinoeee //
Aa?ioiiiy i a?oioiciaanoai. – 1998. – Aei. 59. – N. 83-86.
5. Iieoiai I. I., Nieiaae A. A., Aaee/ei A. A. Iiai iiaeoiaee aei
eeaneoieaoei? a?oioia Iieinny // Ainiee
aa?a?ii? iaoee. – 1998. – ? 5. – N. 23-29.
6. Nieiaae A. A., Aaee/ei A. A. Ii/aaiii-eeeiaoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe
Iieanuey e Eaninoaie Oe?aeiu // Aa?a?iay iaoea. – 1998.
– ? 4. – N. 29-30.
7. Oaa/aiei E. I., Aaee/ei A. A. E iaoiaeeea ninoaaeaiey
eaiaeoaooii-aaioeie/aneeo ea?o // Oece/aneay
aaia?aoey e aaiii?oieiaey. – E.: Aeua oeiea, 1981. – ? 25. – N. 90-94.
8. Aaee/ei A. A. ?aaeoeiy a?oioo / Aaia?aoi/ia aioeeeeiiaaeiy Oe?a?ie. –
E.: Oe?a?inueea aioeeeeiiaaeiy, 1993.
– O. 3. – N. 117.
Oei a?oioiooai?aiiy, ai?no aoiono, a?aioeiiao?e/iee neeaae, eiao?oe?cio
a?aeiinii? aeoioeyoe?? aoiono, iiiaieeaoo?a a?oio?a, eeaneo?eaoe?y
a?oio?a.
Oei ii/aiia?aciaaiey, niaea?aeaiea aoiona, a?aioeiiao?e/aneee ninoaa,
eiyooeoeeaio ioiineoaeueiie aeeoioeyoeee aoiona, iiiaieeaoo?a ii/a,
eeanneoeeaoeey ii/a.
Type of soil formation, humus amount, granulometric structure, factor or
relative humus accumulation, nomenclature of soils, classification of
soils.
Aeena?oaoeiy i?enay/aia aea/aiith a?oioiaiai iie?eao Oe?a?inueeiai
Iieinny, ooi/iaiith eiai aeiaaiinoeee i
eeaneoieaoei?. Iaa?oioiaaii niaoeeoieo aiae?ioa?ii/ieo oiia Iieinny,
aecia/aii ?o iieacieee oa ia?aiao?e e
ooi/iaii oa?eoi?iaeueii iaaei ciie. Anoaiiaeaii o?e iniiaii oeie
a?oioiooai?aiiy: aea?iiai-iiaecieenoee,
aea?iiaee iiiaecieaiee i aea?iiai-aeaeiaee. Aecia/aii ii?iaoeaii
a?aaeaoei? aeeoa?aioeiaoei? oeiia a?oioia ca
nooiaiai caieiaeaiiy. Iieacaii iniaeeainoi aieeao iaoa?einueeeo ii?iae
ia ii?oiaaiac iieinueeeo a?oioia i
aeiaaaeaii aiaenooiinoue ?o aieeao ia oa?aeoa? a?oioiooai?aiiy ca
aeiiiioth/i? ?iei a?aioeiiao?e/iiai neeaaeo.
Cai?iiiiiaaii iiaee iiaeoiae aei i?iaeaie eeaneoieaoei? a?oioia, yeee
iieyaa? a i??a?oi/iiio ?aiaeoaaiii
aaaeeeaeo /eiieeia a?oioiooai?aiiy ia eiai oeiiai i ia?aiao?e/ii
iniaeeainoi, yei aecia/athoue eiai yeinoi.
. Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai eco/aiey ii/aaiiiai iie?iaa
Oe?aeineiai Iieanuey, ooi/iaieth aai
aeeaaiinoeee e eeanneoeeaoeee. Iainiiaaiu eeeiaoe/aneay niaoeeoeea
Iieanuey, ninoiyuay a iinoiyinoaa
aeae?ioa?ie/aneeo oneiaee a oa/aiea oaieiai ia?eiaea, ciiaeueiay
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue Iaeiai Iieanuey e
Eaninoaie, iieacaoaee, ia?aiao?u e a?aieoeu ii/aaiii-yeieiae/aneeo cii.
A?aoiaioe?iaaii iieiaeaiea i
oii, /oi ii/aiia?aciaaiea a ciia Iieanuey yaeyaony neaaenoaeai ?aciiai
niioiioaiey eaniie e o?aayienoie
?anoeoaeueiinoe, eioi?ia ii?aaeaeyaony a?aioeiiao?e/aneei ninoaaii e
noaiaiueth oaeaaeiaiey e iaoiaeeo
aaeaeaaoiia ioia?aaeaiea a ia?aiao?ao iaeiieaiey aoiona. I?aaeeiaeaii
aeeooa?aioee?iaaoue ieia?aeueiua
ii/au iieanneie ciiu, iacaaeneii io iaoa?eineeo ii?iae ia o?e oeia
ii/aiia?aciaaiey: aea?iiai-
iiaecieenoue, aea?iiaue iiiaecieaiiue e aea?iiai-aeaaaue.
Aea?iiai-iiaecieenoue oei ii/aiia?aciaaiey
oa?aeoa?ecoaony eioaineaiui i?iyaeaieai iiaecieenoiai i?ioeanna e
ieieiaeueiui iaeiieaieai aoiona,
ioiineoaeueiue aai eiyooeoeeaio ninoaaeyao 0,35-0,95, /oi naycaii n
iacia/eoaeueiui o/anoeai o?aayienoie
?anoeoaeueiie aeiou a iaaeiii?oiaaiaca, a aeeaiacii cia/aiee
iaoneaaeeaaaony 4 noaiaiyie aeaaiiaania/aiey:
aaoiii?oiui, neaaiaeaaaaoui, aeaaaaoui e aeaaaui – niioaaonoaaiii
0,35-0,55, 0,56-0,68, 0,69-0,82, 0,83-
0,95. Aea?iiaue iiiaecieaiiue oei ii/aiia?aciaaiey ?acaeaaeny iiae eanii
n iaeneiaeueiui o/anoeai o?aa,
/oi iaoneiaeei aeeoioeyoeaiue aai oa?aeoa? e ionoonoaea iiaecieenoiai
ai?eciioa. Cia/aiea eiyooeoeeaioa
ioiineoaeueiiai iaeiieaiey aoiona ninoaaeyao 0,96-2,00 a caaeneiinoe io
4 noaiaiae oaeaaeiaiey: aaoiii?oiue –
0,96-1,15, neaaiaeaaaaoue – 1,16-1,35, aeaaaaoue – 1,36-1,60 e aeaaaue –
1,61-2,00. Aea?iiai-aeaaaue oei
ii/aiia?aciaaiey i?enou aeae?iii?oiui yeioiiai e ?acaeaaeny
eneeth/eoaeueii iiae eoaiai-aieioiie
o?aayienoie ?anoeoaeueiinoueth, /oi iaoneiaeei iaeneiaeueiia iaeiieaiea
aoiona, eiyooeoeeaio eioi?iai aeey
aeaaauo ii/a ninoaaeyao 2,00-2,80, neeueiiaeaaauo – aieueoa 2,80.
Oniaa?oainoaiaaia yeieiae/anee
iainiiaaiiay iiiaieeaoo?a onoaiiaeaiiuo oeiia ii/aiia?aciaaiey. Iieacaiu
iniaaiiinoe aeeyiey
iaoa?eineeo ii?iae ia ii?oiaaiac iieanneeo ii/a e aeieacaii ionoonoaea
eo aeeyiey ia oa?aeoa?
ii/aiia?aciaaiey i?e aeiieie?othuae ?iee a?aioeiiao?e/aneiai ninoaaa.
Aeey eaaeaeiai oeia
ii/aiia?aciaaiey ?ac?aaioaiu aeeaaiinoe/aneea ii?iaoeau a?aaeaoeee
aeeooa?aioeeaoeee ii noaiaie
oaeaaeiaiey. N oeaeueth aeeaaiinoeee i?ioeannia iaeaaiey a ii/aao
i?aaeeiaeaii eniieueciaaoue aianoa n
eeanne/aneeie i?eciaeaie iaeaaiey oaeaea aeoaeio e ia?aiao?u
aeaa-yeethaeaeueiiai ai?eciioa. ?anniio?aiu
i?iaeaiiua aii?inu aaiacena e aeeaaiinoeee ii/aaiiiai iie?iaa eanniauo
ino?iaia, eioi?ue a ?yaea neo/aaa
i?aaenoaaeai ia na?uie eaniuie ii/aaie, a aea?iiai-iiaecieenouie
?acee/iie noaiaie iaeaaiiinoe.
Onoaiiaeaiu ooieoeeiiaeueii-yeieiae/aneea caeiiiia?iinoe oi?ie?iaaiey
aea?iiai-ea?aiiaoiuo ii/a.
Ii/aiia?aciaaiea ia iaei-ia?aaeueiuo ii?iaeao iaoneaaeeaaaony ciiaeueiui
oa?aeoa?ii, a iniaaiiinoe
i?iyaeaiey aai oeiia ii?aaeaeythony noaiaiueth oaeaaeiaiey. Iaeiaei
aaaeoon i?ioeey ii/a iaei ioee/aaony ii
ii?oieiae/aneei i?eciaeai aneaaenoaea aeiieie?othuaai aeeyiey
iaoa?eineie ii?iaeu. Oei
ii/aiia?aciaaiey ia yoeo ii?iaeao iaaeaaeii aeeaaiinoe?oaony
?ac?aaioaiiuie iieacaoaeyie ioiineoaeueiiai
iaeiieaiey aoiona. A niioaaonoaee n onoaiiaeaiiuie oeiaie
ii/aiia?aciaaiey i?aaeeiaeaia eeanneoeeaoeey
ieia?aeueiuo ii/a Oe?aeineiai Iieanuey, eioi?ay iniiauaaaony ia
eiee/anoaaiiuo ia?aiao?ao eo naienoa e
ninoieo ec 7 oaeniiiie/aneeo aaeeieoe: eeann – oei – iiaeoei – ?iae –
aeae – iiaeaeae – aa?eaio.
Oeiieiae/aneay noaia iino?iaia ii ea?a?oe/aneiio i?eioeeio, a iae
oaeniiiie/aneee ?aia ioia?aaeaao
aaaeiue o?iaaiue aaiaoeei-aa?iiiie/aneeo naienoa, /oi i?eaeaao nenoaia
neaaeaiiinoue e ioaa/aao i?e?iaeiui
?aaeeyi. A iaeei oei iauaaeeiythony ii/au, noi?ie?iaaaoeany a
iaeii?iaeiuo aeae?ioa?ie/aneeo oneiaeyo iiae
iaeeiaeiaie ?anoeoaeueiinoueth, ia ii?iaeao aeeceeo ii iao?ia?aoe/aneiio
e a?aioeiiao?e/aneiio ninoaao,
oa?aeoa?ecothony iaeiioeiiui no?iaieai i?ioeey, aeeceei o?iaiai
ieiaei?iaeey e aaeeinoaii niiniaia eo
oeo/oaiey. Ioee/ea eeoue a oii, /oi i?aaeeaaathony onoaiiaeaiiua
iieacaoaee oeiia ii/aiia?aciaaiey
aeeaaiinoe?iaaoue ii ia?aiao?ai eiyooeoeeaioia ioiineoaeueiiai
iaeiieaiey aoiona. I?aaeeiaeaiiua iiaeoeiu
ii/a ioee/athony naienoaaie, noi?ie?iaaaoeieny iiae aeeyieai ?acee/iie
noaiaie oaeaaeiaiey e
aeeaaiinoe?othony onoaiiaeaiiuie ia?aiao?aie eiyooeoeeaioia
ioiineoaeueiiai iaeiieaiey aoiona. Aeaeaiea
oeiia ii/a ia ?iaeu i?iaiaeeony ii ea?aiiaoiinoe, ?acaeoeai
aeaa-yeethaeaeueiuo i?ioeannia e i?. Ia o?iaia
aeaea i?aaeeaaaaony aeaeeoue ii/au ii oeiieiae/aneei iniaaiiinoyi
iaoa?eineeo ii?iae. Iiaeaeae ii/a
auaeaeyaony ii ia?aiao?ai iiaenoeeaiey iaoa?eineeo ii?iae ae?oaeie
oeiaie ii?iae. A i?aaeeiaeaiiie noaia
eeanneoeeaoeey inaiaiiuo ii/a i?iaiaeeony ia o?iaia aa?eaioia a
caaeneiinoe io eciaiaiee, iaoneiaeaiiuo
aio?iiiaaiiuie aeaenoaeyie.
Thesis for a candidate degree by speciality 06.01.03 – agrosoil science
and agricultural physics. – Institute for
Soil Science and Agrochemistry Reseach named by A. N. Sokolovskiy,
Kharkov, UAAS, 1999.
The thesis is devoted to the study of soil coverage of Ukrainian
Polisja, and clarification of its diagnostics and
classification. The specifity of hydrothermal conditions of Polisja and
their parameters are substantiated; territorial
boundaries of this zone are ajusted. The following three main types of
soil formation are established: turf-podzol, turf
partly-podzol and turf-gley. Normative gradation of differentiation of
types of soils on the degree of humidifying are
established. Peculiarities of mother layers’ influence upon
morphogenesis of Polisja soils is shown, and absence of
mother layers’ influence upon the character of soil formation at
dominating role of granulometric structure is proved.
New approach to the problem of classification of soils, consisting in
hierarchical ranking of important factors of soil
formation upon its typical and parametrical features, defining its
quality, is offered.
Key words: type of soil formation, humus amount, granulometric
structure, factor of relative humus accumulation,
nomenclature of soils, classification of soils.
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
