.

Діагностика в управлінні маркетинговою діяльністю підприємства: Автореф. дис… канд. екон. наук / О.А. Степаненко, Одес. держ. екон. ун-т. — О., 1999

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I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE

IAeANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE AEIIII?*IEE

OI?AA?NEOAO

Noaiaiaiei Ieaia A?eaae??aia

OAeE :658.511.011.56

Ae?AAIINOEEA A OI?AAE?II?

IA?EAOEIAIAITH Ae?ssEUeI?NOTH I?AeI?E?INOAA

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 08.06.02 — I?aei?e?iieoeoai, iaiaaeaeiaio oa ia?eaoeia

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Iaeana — 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iaeanueeiio aea?aeaaiiio aeiiii?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?

I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee — aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Nieieianueea Ciy Ieeiea?aia

Iaeanueeee aea?aeaaiee
aeiiii?/iee

oi?aa?neoao I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe
Oe?a?ie,

a. i. i?ioani?a eaoaae?e
ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee

oa ?ioi?iaoe?eieo nenoai a
aeiiii?oe?

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Aa?nooeueeee sse?a A?eai?iae/

Ia/enethaaeueiee oeaio?
?inoeoooo

aeiiii?ee i?iieneiaino?

IAI Oe?a?ie (i. Aeiiaoeuee),

aee?aeoi?

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe,
aeioeaio

I?enooia Ieeiea Ieeeiiae/

a?aee?eoa aeoe?iia?ia
oiaa?enoai

oieae?iaiaa eiiiai?y “E?ayi”
(i. Iaeana),

aieiaa i?aae?iiy

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa — Aeiiaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao,eaoaae?a

ia?eaoeiao, I?i?noa?noai
ina?oe Oe?a?ie,

i. Aeiiaoeuee

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 23 ea?oiy 1999 ?. i 14 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae41.055.01 Iaeanueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
aeiiii?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 270026, i. Iaeana, aoe.
I?aia?aaeainueea, 8.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaeanueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai aeiiii?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 20 aa?aciy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

e.a.i., aeioeaio
Ia?e?oai I.N.1

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ia?ao?ae aei ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei a Oe?a?i?
o?nii iia’ycaiee c ?icooeii iiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei i?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? oi?aae?iiy i?aei?e?inoaaie, ye iaeaaaeeea?oeie noa’?eoaie
ainiiaea?thaaiiy. Iinooiiai oi?io?oueny iiaee, ia?eaoeiaiaee i?aeo?ae
aei ae??oaiiy i?iaeai oi?aae?iiy ae?iaieoeoaii oa ?aae?caoe??th oiaa??a
oa iineoa a ?ioa?anao niiaeeaa/a.

?nio? e?eueea oi/ie ci?o c i?eaiaeo o?aeooaaiiy ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa. A inoaii?e /an iaea?eueo iaa?oioiaaiith oa
aoaeoeaiith aaaaea?oueny eiioeaioe?y ?ioaa?iaaiiai ia?eaoeiao, yea
ia?aaeaa/a? aeeth/aiiy a noa?o ?? ae?? ia o?eueee aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui
iia’ycai? ?c caooii oa ?aae?caoe??th i?iaeoeoe??, aea e aecia/aiiy
ae?iaie/eo iiaeeeainoae i?aei?e?inoaa ii aeioneo i?iaeoeoe?? ye noaei?,
oae ? iiai? iiiaieeaoo?e. Oaeei /eiii, ?ioaa?iaaiee ia?eaoeia
ia?aaeaa/a? ??oaiiy oe?ieiai niaeo?o ieoaiue — a?ae aeine?aeaeaiiy
?eieiaiai iiieoo oa aecia/aiiy eiia?oe?eieo no?aoaa?e i?aei?e?inoaa aei
aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeeeainoae ae?iaieoeoaa, caooo, i?aai?caoe?? ?aeeaie
oiui.

A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai ia?eaoeia o?aeoo?oueny, ye aeiaaeueia
(?ioaa?iaaia) ooieoe?y oi?aae?iiy i?aei?e?inoaii, yea aeeth/a? a naaa
?yae i?aeooieoe?e. Iaei??th c iaeaaaeeea?oeo ? aiae?oe/ia. Iaeiae, ia
caaaeath/e ia cia/io ?ieue aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co, ?nio? ua aaeeea
e?euee?noue i?iaeai, iia’ycaieo c ?aae?caoe??th oe??? ooieoe??
oi?aae?iiy.

Oiiae, a yeeo ?icai?oa?oueny ia?eaoeiaiaa ae?yeuei?noue i?aei?e?inoa a
Oe?a?i?, ? ae?ae ianoaa?eueieie. ?iaeoa, aioo??oi? oa ciai?oi?
na?aaeiaeua i?aei?e?inoaa a?ae??ciy?oueny i?aeaeuaiei ??aiai aio?ii?? oa
a?ae/oaa? ia nia? iino?ei? aieeae noioanoe/iiai oa?aeoa?o. Oiio
anoaiiaeai? iaoiaee oa i?eeiie aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co aaea ia iiaeooue
caaeiaieueieoe oao?aoe?a i?aei?e?inoaa, yeei aeiaiaeeoueny i?eeiaoe
ea??ai? ??oaiiy a oiiaao iino?eieo ci?i a aeiiii?oe?. Iaiao?aei? iia?,
iniaeeai aio/e? iaoiae? oa i?aeoiaee, ye? a aeicaieyee iia?aoeaii
?aaaoaaoe ia eiie?aoi? neooaoe?? ia ?eieo oa o aioo??oi?e ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa; a?aoiaoaaee a ci?ie a aeiiii?/i?e neooaoe?? e?a?ie.

??oaiith iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue a?aeiia?aea? oaeee no/aniee iai?yiie
aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co, ye ae?aaiinoeea.

Ae?aaiinoeea ia ? cian?i iiaei iai?yieii aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co. Iaeiae,
aeoeaiee ?icaeoie, ye naiino?eiee ?icae?e, aiia io?eiaea eeoa inoaii?i
/anii. ?nio? aeineoue iaaaaaoi a?o/eciyieo ?ia?o, i?enay/aieo oe???
i?iaeai?. Ia ?nio? ?aeeii? oi/ee ci?o ia iaoiaeieia?th ae?aaiinoeee, ye
aiae?oe/iiai iai?yieo, ia ?ic?iaeaii ?aeeii? iaoiaeeee, ia aecia/aii
eiiieaen aieiaieo iaoiae?a oa i?eeii?a ?? ?aae?caoe??.

Iaei??th c iaaeine?aeaeaieo aaeocae ? ae?aaiinoeea ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa, yea cae?enith?oueny aeiiii?noaie a i?ioean?
?ic?iaee oa i?eeiyooy oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue.

Iaiao?aeii aecia/eoe ci?no oa caaaeaiiy ae?aaiinoeee a aaeoc?
ia?eaoeiao; aeae?eeoe iai?yiee i?iaaaeaiiy ae?aaiinoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue; iaa?oiooaaoe iaoiaee i?iaaaeaiiy ae?aaiinoe/iiai
aiae?co, ye? a aeicaieyee aeinyaoe nooo?aeo ?acoeueoao?a. Aeoaea
aeooaeueiith ? i?iaeaia ?ic?iaee iaoiaeeee i?iaaaeaiiy ae?aaiinoeee
??cieo aniaeo?a ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa ia aac?
no/anieo aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoiae?a oa ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e.

Aeoaea neeaaeiei ieoaiiyi a ia?aii? aaeoc? ?, ia iao iiaeyae, ?ic?iaea
niaoeeo?/ieo iaoaiaoe/ieo aia?ao?a-o?aiaaea??a, ye? a aeicaieyee
oi?aae?inueeiio ia?niiaeo i?aei?e?inoaa ?i?ooaaoe aoaeue-yeo
ainiiaea?nueeo neooaoe?th c a?aooaaiiyi aieeao ia o?eueee e?euee?nieo,
aea e ye?nieo oaeoi??a aioo??oiueiai oa ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua.
?ic?iaee a oe??? aaeoc? ia/eneaii?. Aaeaea, o?eueee ca aeiiiiiaith
iniaeeai aio/eeo iaoiae?a noaia iiaeeeaith ?ic?iaea oa i?eeiyooy ae?enii
aoaeoeaieo oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue.

Oaeei /eiii, a?aenooi?noue iaeiicia/iiai oai?aoe/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy oa
a?aeoaaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo i?aeoe/ieo ?ic?iaie aecia/eee aea?? oaie
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oa ?? aeooaeuei?noue.

A i?ioean? ?iaioe iaae aeena?oaoe??th aaoi? nie?aany ia i?aoe?
oao?aoe?a, ye? niaoe?ae?cothoueny a oe?e i?iaeaiaoeoe?: Aaa??iianueeee
E.I., Aa?oaiia I.N., Aieoaeia ?.I., A?aaeia I.I., Eioea? O., E?aoia
?.?., Iaeei? O., Ia?i?iia N.A., Nie?? A., Nieieianueea C.I., Noiyiia
?.I., Noiyiiaa ?.N., Oi??anoa? Aeae. oa ?io?.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie.

Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiiaii ca?aeii caoaa?aeaeai?e iaeacii
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie ? 37 a?ae 13.02.97 ?. i?ia?aie
“Aeiiii?/i? i?iaeaie ?icaoaeiae aea?aeaaiino? Oe?a?ie: aaaeae? oa
noeioee ?icaeoeo ainiiaea?/eo nenoai” (oaiaoe/iee ieai i?aeaoc?anueeeo
iaoeiaeo oa iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo i?ia?ai ia 1997-1999 ?iee ? 68).

Ia’?eo oa i?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? i?iieneiaa
i?aei?e?inoai iacaeaaeii a?ae oi?ie aeaniino?. I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy —
oai?aoe/i? oa i?aeoe/i? ieoaiiy ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa, yea i?iaiaeeoueny a oiae? ?ic?iaee oa i?eeiyooy
oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue.

Iaoa ? iniiai? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aieiaia iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy —
?ic?iaea oa i?aeoe/ia ?aae?caoe?y iaoiaeeee ae?aaiinoeee ?yaeo aniaeo?a
ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa c aeei?enoaiiyi no/anieo
aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoiae?a oa ?ioi?iaoe?eieo oaoiieia?e.

A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai aoee iinoaaeai? ? ae??oai? ianooii? caaea/?:

?ice?eoe ci?no ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa;

aecia/eoe aieiai? iai?yiee ae?aaiinoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue a aaeoc?
ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?;

cai?iiiioaaoe no/aniee iaoaiaoe/iee aia?ao aeey i?iaaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiue;

?ic?iaeoe aeai?eoie i?iaaaeaiiy e?euee?nii? ae?aaiinoeee ie?aieo
aniaeo?a, niaoeeo?/ieo aeey ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa;

?ic?iaeoe i?ia?aio i?iaaaeaiiy ye?nii? neooaoe?eii? ae?aaiinoeee c
aeei?enoaiiyi iao?aaeeoe?eiiai iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo;

?ic?iaeoe i?eeeaaei? aniaeoe ?aae?caoe?? ae?aaiinoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue
ia aac? no/anieo cania?a ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee oa ?ioi?iaoe?eieo
oaoiieia?e;

i?iaiae?coaaoe ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue, i?iaaaeaieo ia e?eueeio
i?iieneiaeo i?aei?e?inoaao.

Iaoiaeieia?y oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. Oai?aoe/iith iniiaith
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ? i?aoe? a?o/eciyieo oa ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo ii
aiae?co ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino?, iiaeaethaaiith oa i?iaiicoaaiith
aeiiii?/ieo i?ioean?a, a oaeiae ii aeei?enoaiith no/anieo ?ioi?iaoe?eieo
oaoiieia?e a i?ioean? oi?aae?iiy. Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeei?enoai? iaoiaee ?i?oaoe?eiiai iiaeaethaaiiy oa
aenia?oieo nenoai (AN).

Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe
iieyaa? o ianooiiiio:

1. Aecia/aii ci?no ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa. I?e oeueiio aecia/ai? aieiai? oa?aeoa?enoeee ae?aaiinoeee
oa iaaaaeai? iniiai? a?aei?iiino? oeueiai aiae?oe/iiai iai?yieo a?ae
o?aaeeoe?eieo aiae?oe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue a aaeoc? ia?eaoeiao. Noai?aii
ia?ae?e caaaeueieo caaea/, ye? ae??oothoueny ca aeiiiiiaith ae?aaiinoeee
a noa?? ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa.

2. ?ice?eoi ci?no aieiaieo iai?yie?a ae?aaiinoeee, ye? iioe?ththoue
o?aaeeoe?eia oyaeaiiy i?i aiae?oe/io neeaaeiao ?ioaa?aeueii? ooieoe??
ia?eaoeiao.

3. Iaa?oioiaaia aeioe?euei?noue aeei?enoaiiy iaoiae?a ?i?oaoe?eiiai
iiaeaethaaiiy oa aenia?oieo nenoai a yeino? iaoiae?a i?iaaaeaiiy
ae?aaiinoeee oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue a aaeoc? ia?eaoeiao.

4. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiiy ae?aaiinoeee a aaeocyo ?ic?iaee
eiia?oe?eieo no?aoaa?e oa ioe?iee aeioe?eueiino? caioneo o ae?iaieoeoai
iiaeo ae?ia?a (iaoiaeeea e?euee?nii? ae?aaiinoeee). ?aae?caoe?y
ae?aaiinoeee cae?enith?oueny ia aac? iiaoaeiaaieo ?i?oaoe?eieo iiaeaeae.

5. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiiy ye?nii? ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino? ia aac? aenia?oii? nenoaie “Ae?aaiinoeea”.

6. ?ic?iaeai? i?eeeaaei? aniaeoe ?aae?caoe?? cai?iiiiiaaieo iaoiaeee.
A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai noai?aii i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy i?iaaaeaiiy
?i?oaoe?eieo aenia?eiaio?a ia iiaeaeyo; noai?aia aaca ciaiue aenia?oii?
nenoaie “Ae?aaiinoeea” noiniaii aeie?a ioe?iee ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa; ?ic?iaeaia oaoiieia?y i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?oieo
eiinoeueoaoe?e.

7. I?iaaaeaii aiae?c i?aeoe/ieo ?acoeueoao?a, io?eiaieo a ?acoeueoao?
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?ic?iaie ia e?eueeio i?iieneiaeo ia’?eoao.

I?aeoe/ia cia/ei?noue ?iaioe. I?aeoe/ia cia/ei?noue aeena?oaoe?eieo
aeine?aeaeaiue iieyaa? o oiio, ui ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea ae?aaiinoeee
aeicaiey? cia/ii i?aeaeueoe ??aaiue aoaeoeaiino? oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue,
ui i?eeiathoueny a noa?? ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa. Oea
ni?ey? ?ic?iaoe? iioeiaeueieo (a eiie?aoieo neooaoe?yo) ia?eaoeiaiaeo
no?aoaa?e i?aei?e?inoaa, a oaeiae aeiai ae?iaie/eo iiaeeeainoae uiaei
caioneo o ae?iaieoeoai iiai? i?iaeoeoe??, yea ei?enoo?oueny ?eieiaei
iiieoii. Ie??i oiai, noathoue iiaeeeaeie nai?/ani? ae?? noiniaii
cieuaiiy “aocueeeo i?noeue” o ae?iaieoeoa? ? caoo?, a oaeiae
ia?aaeaa/aiiy iaaaoeaieo aieea?a c aieo aioo??oiueiai oa ciai?oiueiai
na?aaeiaeua i?aei?e?inoaa.

I?aeoe/i? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ai?iaaaeaeai? a ae?yeueiino?
e?eueeio ia’?eo?a. Na?aae ieo — Iaeanueeee iaoai?/iee caaiae
“Oe?cae?cieoey” (aeo i?i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 19.03.98 ?.); a?aee?eoa
aeoe?iia?ia oiaa?enoai “I?aniao” (i?noi Iaeana, aeo i?i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
a?ae 25.03.98 ?.).

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? a
iaa?oiooaaii? iaoiaeieia?/ieo iieiaeaiue ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa. Aaoi?ii cae?eniaia ?ic?iaea oa i?aeoe/ia
?aae?caoe?y iaoiaeee e?euee?nii? oa ye?nii? ae?aaiinoeee ia aac?
?i?oaoe?eieo iiaeaeae oa aenia?oii? nenoaie.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeiiia?aeaeeny aaoi?ii ia
?yae? eiioa?aioe?e, a oiio /ene?: ia aeaio i?aeia?iaeieo
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo “Ia?niaeoeai? iai?yiee ?icaeoeo
aeieia??, aeiiii?ee, aia?aaoeee” (i. Iaeana, 1997 oa 1998 ?.);
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? ia aac? aeaaeai?? aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aae?iiy i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie (Iaeanueeee o?e?ae) “Aaeineiiaeaiiy
nenoaie aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieie oa iie?oe/ieie
i?ioeanaie a ?aa?ii? (ia i?eeeaae? i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie)” (i. Iaeana, 1998
?.); iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo a Iaeanueeiio aea?aeaaiiio aeiiii?/iiio
oi?aa?neoao? (i. Iaeana 1996 — 1999 ?.). Iaoa??aee aeine?aeaeaiue
aeei?enoiaothoueny i?ae /an aeeeaaeaiiy eo?n?a “?i?oaoe?eia
iiaeaethaaiiy” oa “Iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? a aeiiii?/iiio aiae?c?”.

Ioae?eaoe??. Anueiai ii oai? aeena?oaoe?? iaae?oeiaaii 6 iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue. Na?aae ieo: iiiia?ao?e — 1, noaoae o ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo noaoae
— 4, ?ioi?iaoe?eiee eeno — 1. Caaaeueiee ianya iaae?oeiaaieo ?ia?o —
8,66 ae?. a?. Aaoi?o iaeaaeeoue — 8,56 ae?. a?.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, o?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, aeeeaaeaieo ia 176 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo,
a oiio /ene? 6 oaaeeoeue ia 6 noi??ieao ? 7 iaethie?a ia 10 noi??ieao.
Aeena?oaoe?y oaeiae i?noeoue nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae c 122
iaeiaioaaiue ia 9 noi??ieao.

INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe?EII? ?IAIOE

O aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ia iniia? i?iaaaeaieo aaoi?ii aeine?aeaeaiue
caoeuathoueny oae? iniiai? iieiaeaiiy.

?icae?e 1. ?ieue ae?aaiinoeee a oi?aae?ii? ia?eaoeiaiaith ae?yeuei?noth
i?aei?e?inoaa.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy a aaeoc? ae?aaiinoeee aacothoueny a ?iaio? ia eiioeaioe??
?ioaa?iaaiiai ia?eaoeiao. ?ioaa?iaaiee ia?eaoeia aecia/a?oueny, ye
nenoaia, ui caaacia/o? ni?yiiaaiee aieea ia ?eiie (iathoueny ia oaac?
oaeoi?e, yeeie iiaeia ea?oaaoe, ci?ithaaoe) oa iineoue oa?aeoa?
ae?iaie/i-caooiai? — oiaoi iia’yco? caaea/? ae?iaieoeoaa c caiiaeaiiyie
?eieo oa eiie?aoieie iio?aaaie iieoioe?a, aeei?enoiaoth/e aeey oeueiai
aanue a?naiae iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiue aioo??oiueiai oa ciai?oiueiai
na?aaeiaeua i?aei?e?inoaa. Ae??caeaoi?noue ia?eaoeiao, ye aeoeaii?
eiioeaioe??, iiaea aooe caaacia/aia caaaeyee ?? eiiieaeniino? oa /?oei?
oe?eani?yiiaaiino?.

?ioaa?iaaiee ia?eaoeia, ye i?ioean, aeeth/a? aei naaa an? ooieoe??
oi?aae?iiy: ieaioaaiiy (no?aoaa?/ia oa oaeoe/ia), i?aai?caoe?th,
eiio?ieue, aiae?c oa ?aaoethaaiiy. Oiio ia?eaoeia aeioe?eueii
?icaeyaeaoe, ye aeiaaeueio ooieoe?th oi?aae?iiy, ui aeaco? caaaeueiee
iai?yiie ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoaa. A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai
aiae?oe/ia ooieoe?y ia?eaoeiao ? aacith an??? ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa, a ?? no/aniee iai?yiie — aeiiii?/ia ae?aaiinoeea — ni?ey?
aecia/aiith aoaeoeaieo oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue a aaeoc? ia?eaoeiao a
e?eciaeo aeiiii?/ieo oiiaao.

A ?iaio? ae?aaiinoeea aecia/a?oueny, ye iai?yiie aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co,
iaoe?eaiee ia aeyaeaiiy i?iaeai ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoaa a oiiaao
i?aeaeuaii? aio?ii?? eiai aioo??oiueiai oa ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua oa
?ic?iaeo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei ?o ae??oaiiy.

A?aeiia?aeii aei niaoeeo?ee ?ioaa?iaaiiai ia?eaoeiao oa iaaaaeaiiai
aecia/aiiy ae?aaiinoeee noi?ioeueiaai? ianooii? oa?aeoa?enoeee
ae?aaiinoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue a aaeoc? ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?:
ni?yiiaai?noue ia ia?niaeoeao, aeeiai?/iee oa neooaoe?eiee oa?aeoa?
aeine?aeaeaiue; a?aooaaiiy i?aeaeuaiiai nooiaiy aio?ii?? nenoaie oa
o/anoue o ?ic?iaoe? oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue a oiiaao iaiiaii?
?ioi?iaoe??; aa??aioi?noue ae?aaiinoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue a caeaaeiino?
a?ae eiie?aoieo oe?eae, ui noiyoue ia?aae i?aei?e?inoaii; a?aooaaiiy
eiiieaeniiai aieeao oaeoi??a aioo??oiueiai oa ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua
i?aei?e?inoaa; iai?yiie ia e?ea?aeaoe?th “aocueeeo i?noeue”.

Caaaeath/e ia iaaaaeai? oa?aeoa?enoeee, iiaeia aeae?eeoe oae?
niaoeeo?/i? aniaeoe, ui a?ae??ciythoue ae?aaiinoeeo a?ae o?aaeeoe?eii?
i?aeoeee aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa:

ci?ia i?aeoe/ii? ni?yiiaaiino? aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co — i?aeo?eiea
oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue a oiiaao iaaecia/aiino? na?aaeiaeua
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ia’?eoo oa iaaeinoaoiuei? ?ioi?iaoe??;

aeii?ioth/a ?ieue ia?niaeoeaieo aeeiai?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue a aaeoc?
ia?eaoeiao. Aieiaia i?e oeueiio — i?iaiic ia eiie?aoieo ?acoeueoao?a, a
?icaeoeo i?ioean?a, ui i/?eothoueny, c a?aooaaiiyi noioanoe/ieo aieea?a
oa aeeiai?ee;

iia? i?aeoiaee aei ?aae?caoe?? eiiieaeniino? oa nenoaiiino? aeiiii?/iiai
aiae?co a oiae? ia?eaoeiaiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue. Ia?oueny ia oaac?
ia’?aeiaia ioe?iea aieeao e?euee?nieo oa ye?nieo oaeoi??a (oiaoi
aieea?a, ui iiaeooue aai ia iiaeooue aooe oi?iae?ciaai?). Aeey oeueiai
iio??aii aeei?enoaiiy i?aeoiae?a, ui ia’?aeiothoue a eiiieaen?
aeine?aeaeaiiy ia oi?iaeueiiio oa aenia?oii-?ioo?oeaiiio ??ai?. Oae?
eiiieaeni? aeine?aeaeaiiy iathoue aooe iaeneiaeueii eiie?aoieie oa
a?aeiia?aeaoe niaoeeo?oe? i?aei?e?inoaa;

iioe?aiiy noa?e ae?? oa ??ciiiai?oiino? i?iaeaiaoeee oaiaoe/iiai
aiae?co. Oea iaoiiaeaii iaiao?aei?noth a?aooaaiiy aieeao ciai?oiueiai
na?aaeiaeua, a oaeiae iiyaith iiai? oaiaoeee, iia’ycaii? c ?icaeoeii
ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? noa’?eo?a ainiiaea?thaaiiy;

neooaoe?eiee oa?aeoa? aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co. Aieiai? ?ene neooaoe?eiiai
i?aeoiaeo — eiiieaeni?noue, aeeiai?ci, ia’?aeiaiiy a ?aeeia oe?ea an?o
aeae?a aiae?co (?ao?iniaeoeaiiai oa ia?niaeoeaiiai, iia?aoeaiiai oa
no?aoaa?/iiai). C i?aeoe/ii? oi/ee ci?o ia?oueny ia oaac? ?ic?iaea iiaeo
noeaia???a aiae?oe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?;

ci?ia i???ioe??a a i?ioean? i?iaaaeaiiy aiae?co: ie??i o?aaeeoe?eieo,
aeei?enoaiiy a?iioaoe/ieo oa aenia?oieo e?eoa???a a oiae? ?ica’ycaiiy
neooaoe?e a ia?eaoeiaia?e ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa;

ca?eueoaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eii? iane/aiino? aiae?co: iiia?aaei? ??oaiiy
iathoue a?eueoo ?ioi?iaoe?eio i?noe?noue o ii??aiyii? c iine?aeiaieie
(ii a?aeoeeaiiyi), oa?aeoa? ??oaiue aecia/a?oueny nooi?noth
ae?aaiinoeee;

aeei?enoaiiy no/anieo aio/eeo iaoiae?a, ye? iaaeathoue iiaeeea?noue
noai?thaaoe “o?aiaaea?e” uiaei aeine?aeaeaiue ainiiaea?/eo neooaoe?e a
aaeoc? ia?eaoeiao.

A?aeiia?aeii aei iaaaaeaiiai o?aeooaaiiy iai?yiee ae?aaiinoeee
ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa aecia/ai?, ye iieacaii ia iae.
1.

Aeey aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee ia?ai? oae? iai?yiee c oeo, ui
iaaaaeai? ia iae. 1.:

i?iaiic ?eieiaiai iiieoo ia i?iaeoeoe?th i?aei?e?inoaa;

ae?aaiinoeea ae?iaie/eo iiaeeeainoae aeioneo iiaeo ae?ia?a;

?ic?iaea i?ia?aie “ye?nii?” ae?aaiinoeee aieiaieo aniaeo?a ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino? i?iieneiaiai i?aei?e?inoaa.

?aae?caoe?y iaaaaeaieo caaea/ cae?enithaaeany ia aac? no/anieo
aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoiae?a — ?i?oaoe?eiiai iiaeaethaaiiy oa
aenia?oieo nenoai.

Aea?? aeacaieo iaoiae?a aeieeaaeii iaa?oioiao?oueny a aeena?oaoe?? c
aeaio oi/ie ci?o: ?o i?eioeeiiai? iaiao?aeiino?, ye ?ino?oiaioa
aeine?aeaeaiue, ? iiaeeeainoae aeei?enoaiiy. O iaaeao ia?oiai ieoaiiy
iaa?oiooaaiiy eaea noiniaii a?aeiia?aeiino? oa?aeoa?o i?iaeaie, yea
ae??oo?oueny (neooaoe?e, ye? aeine?aeaeothoueny); oe?io? ioiieaiiy
i?iaeaie; a?aeiia?aeiino? oe?eyi, ui

I?ei?oea: ?I — ?ioaa?iaaiee ia?eaoeia; IOA — iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ia aaca;

ON? — oaoi?/iee oa nioe?aeueiee ?icaeoie.

Iae. 1 Iai?yiee ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa

noiyoue ia?aae aeine?aeieeii; i?aeoe/i?e ?acoeueoaoeaiino? (yea
i/?eo?oueny). Ae?oaa ieoaiiy iio?aao? aea?? eiie?aoieo iai?yie?a,
i?eeii?a oa, a?aoo?-?aoo, a?aeiia?aei? ?ic?iaee c aeei?enoaiiyi ia?aiiai
iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo.

Aeei?enoaiiy iaoiae?a ?i?oaoe?eiiai iiaeaethaaiiy ? aenia?oieo nenoai
i?aaenoaaeaii o aeena?oaoe?? iaoiaeeeith i?iaaaeaiiy ae?aaiinoeee a
aaeocyo ?ic?iaee eiia?oe?eieo no?aoaa?e oa ioe?iee aeioe?eueiino?
caioneo o ae?iaieoeoai iiaeo ae?ia?a (iaoiaeeea e?euee?nii?
ae?aaiinoeee), a oaeiae iaoiaeeeith ye?nii? ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino? ia aac? aenia?oii? nenoaie “Ae?aaiinoeea”.

?icae?e 2. Iaoiaeeea ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa.

Ae?aaiinoe/iee aiae?c cae?enith?oueny a?aeiia?aeii aei ?ic?iaeaii?
iaoiaeeee ia aac? ?i?oaoe?eieo iiaeaeae (iaaaaeai? ia iae. 2) oa
aenia?oii? nenoaie “Ae?aaiinoeea”.

Iaaaaeaiee iaoaiaoe/iee aia?ao ae?? o eiiieaen? — aeo?aei? ?acoeueoaoe
iiaeaeueieo aenia?eiaio?a iaaeoiaeyoue aei aace aeaieo aenia?oii?
nenoaie oa aeei?enoiaothoueny i?ae /an aenia?oii? eiinoeueoaoe??. Eiaeia
c iiaeaeae i?noeoue ?yae aeie?a, i?ecia/aieo aeey eiie?aoieo ae?e — ?
iiaeoeueiith oa a?aee?eoith nenoaiith. Iiaeae? iaeaaeaoue aei eeano
aeeiai?/ieo oa noioanoe/ieo. Oa?i?i ? e?ie iiaeaethaaiiy i?ecia/a?
ei?enooaa/.

Iai?eeeaae, oea iiaea aooe ??e c ?icaeaeith ii i?nyoeyi aai i’yoe??/ea c
?icaeaeith ii ?ieai oa ?i.

Iae. 2 Ae?aaiinoeea ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?

ia aac? ?i?oaoe?eieo iiaeaeae

Iiaeaeue ioe?iee eiia?oe?eieo no?aoaa?e i?ecia/aii aeey ae?aaiinoeee
eiia?oe?eieo no?aoaa?e i?aei?e?inoaa ia ia?niaeoeao.

Aieiaiei ?acoeueoaoii ?i?oaoe?eieo aenia?eiaio?a ? aecia/aiiy iaea?eueo
aeioe?eueii? eiia?oe?eii? no?aoaa?? c oi/ee ci?o i?i?iaeueiiai ?eceeo.
Ia aac? ?i?oaoe?eieo aenia?eiaio?a i?ioyaii oa?i?io iiaeaethaaiiy
aecia/a?oueny neeaae ae?iaie/i? i?ia?aie a oiiaao eieeaaiiy ?eieiaiai
iiieoo ia i?iaeoeoe?th. Aiae?c ?iia??ieo eiia?oe?eieo ?ecee?a aecia/a?
iiiaieeaoo?o ae?ia?a c iaeiaioei ?eceeii. Ia iiaeae? i?ia?athoueny
??ciiiai?oi? ?eieia? neooaoe??, ui neeaaeathoueny i?ae aieeaii
noioanoe/ieo oaeoi??a oa ia?aaeaa/athoue a?aeiia?aei? ae?? iaiaaeaea??a
i?aei?e?inoaa.

Ia eiaeiiio t-iio e?ioe? ?i?oaoe?? s-? eiia?oe?eii? no?aoaa??
aecia/athoueny ?iia??i? ianyae ?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoeoe?? (wmetafile8?
??A???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
????????a???&??yyyy?????Ayyy«yyy ??«?????&?
?MathType??p????uAth??????

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???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
Aa???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy ??u?????&?
?MathType??`????u`th??????

aea wmetafile8? ??A????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A@???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy???u?????&?
?MathType??`????u`th??????I — iiiaeeia iiiaieeaoo?ieo iiceoe?e, ye?
ae?iaey? i?aei?e?inoai: wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A ???&??yyyy?????AyTHy`????&??MathType?? ????u@th??????S
— iiiaeeia eiia?oe?eieo no?aoaa?e, ui aeine?aeaeothoueny: wmetafile8?
??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????Aa???&??yyyy?????AyTHy ????&??MathType??
????u@th??????wmetafile8? ??±????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy???a?????&?
?MathType??P????u`th??????I?eaooie (aai caeoie), yeee i/?eo?oueny a
t-io ia??iae?, oiaoi ia t-io e?ioe? ?i?oaoe?? (wmetafile8?
??A???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????A@???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy???u?????&?
?MathType??`????u`th??????

wmetafile8? ??.???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????@
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aea wmetafile8? ??A????????????
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?MathType??`????u`th??????wmetafile8? ??¬????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
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???&??MathType??`????u@th??????wmetafile8? ??A????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A@???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy???u?????&?
?MathType??`????u`th??????A e?ioe? oa?i?io i?iaiicoaaiiy i?aei?e?inoai
aecia/a? caaaeuei? ianyae ?aae?caoe?? ? i?eaooeo (caeoeo) c a?aooaaiiyi
aieeao noioanoe/ieo oaeoi??a. Aiane?aeie oiai, ui iiaeaeue ?iia??i?nia,
aeniiaee iiaeeeai ?iaeoe o?eueee ia iiiaeei? ?i?oaoe?eieo i?iaii?a.
Coieiea aenia?eiaioo ?iaeoueny ia aac? niaoe?aeueieo i?ioeaaeo? coieiee
a?aeiia?aeii aei eiie?aoieo e?eoa???a — iai?eeeaae, eiao?oe??io
(i?ioeaio) aeinyaiaiiy e?eoe/iiai ianyao ae?iaieoeoaa (i?iaeaaeo) oa ?i.

Ca?aeii c ia?aiei e?eoa???i ia iiiaeei? i?iaii?a aecia/athoueny
ianei?noe/iee, iioei?noe/iee oa no?eiaiee aa??aioe ?iia??ii?
ia?eaoeiaiai? neooaoe??.

I?ney ?i?oaoe?? on?o eiia?oe?eieo no?aoaa?e, ui aeine?aeaeothoueny,
aecia/a?oueny iioeiaeueia no?aoaa?y c oi/ee ci?o ??cieo e?eoa???a.
Aeei?enoiaothoueny e?eoa??? Aaeueaea, Naa?aeaea oa Ao?a?oea.

Ca?aeii c e?eoa???i Aaeueaea aecia/athoueny aea? i?ioeeaaei? no?aoaa??,
ye? ? iioeiaeueieie o ??cieo oiiaao.

Ii-ia?oa, iioeiaeueiith ? no?aoaa?y, yea aeicaiey? io?eiaoe iaea?eueoee
aea?ao o iaene?ooi?oeo oiiaao. Oaea no?aoaa?y caaoueny iaenei?iiith.
A?aeiinii ?acoeueoao?a iiaeaethaaiiy — oea iaeneiaeueia cia/aiiy
i?eaooeo ia iiiaeei? on?o ianei?noe/ieo aa??aio?a.

Ii-ae?oaa, iioeiaeueiith ? no?aoaa?y, yea aecia/a? iaea??oee aeo?ae c
on?o iaee?ioeo aeiaaee?a. A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai aecia/a?oueny
i?i?iaeueia cia/aiiy i?eaooeo ia iiiaeei? iioei?noe/ieo aa??aio?a
iiaeaethaaiiy. Oey aaee/eia ? i?i?iaenii, a a?aeiia?aeia ?e no?aoaa?y
caaoueny i?i?iaeniith.

Oaeei /eiii, e?eoa??e Aaeueaea aeia?a ioe?ith? i?ioeeaaei? ?acoeueoaoe.

Ca?aeii c e?eoa???i Naa?aeaea, iioeiaeueiith ia? aooe no?aoaa?y, o ye?e
?ecee i?eeia? iaeneiaeueia cia/aiiy o iaea?eueo ne?ooi?e neooaoe??.
Nooi?noue e?eoa??th — caiia?aoe iaea?eueoiai ?eceeo i?e aeai?? ??oaiiy.
Cia/aiiy e?eoa??th ?ic?aoiao?oueny ia aac? iao?eoeue ?eceeo:

wmetafile8? ??”???????????
???????????yyy????.????1????????????? A

???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy?

??U?????&??MathType??P????u`th??????

aea wmetafile8? ??2???????????
???????????yyy????.????1????????????? a
???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy ??U?????&?
?MathType??P????u`th??????wmetafile8? ??y????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????  
???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy` ??U?????&?
?MathType??P????u`th??????A oiae? i?eeiyooy oi?aae?inueeiai ??oaiiy, c
e?aeiinoae, iia’ycaieo c iaaaaeaieie e?eoa??yie, aeioe?eueii iae?aoe
i?ii?aeio iiceoe?th, iaaea yei? ?aaoeth?oueny iieacieeii
ianei?cio-iioei?cio ( aai nooi?iue iioei?cio) a e?eoa??? Ao?a?oea.
Cia/aiiy iieacieea ciaoiaeeoueny o ?ioa?aae? [0,1] . Ca?aeii c e?eoa???i
Ao?a?oea ii eiaei?e s-e no?aoaa?? ( na??? i?iaii?a) aecia/a?oueny
e?i?eia eiia?iaoe?y ianei?noe/iiai oa iioei?noe/iiai aa??aio?a (cia/aiue
i?eaooeo)

wmetafile8? ??9???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
?A???&??yyyy?????Ayyy©yyy???)?????&?
?MathType??°????uAth??????

aea wmetafile8? ??°????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`A???&??yyyy?????Ay1/4y? ???&??MathType??
????u@th??????wmetafile8? ??wmetafile8? ??????????????
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`@???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy????????&?
?MathType??°????u`th??????Iioeiaeueiith a eiie?aoieo oiiaao ?
no?aoaa?y, aeey yei? cia/aiiy wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
aA???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy???“?????&?
?MathType??`????uAth??????Oaeei /eiii, ia iiaeae? i?ia?athoueny ??ci?
neooaoe?? oa ca?aeii c ieie ca aeiiiiiaith iaaaaeaieo e?eoa???a
aecia/a?oueny iioeiaeueia eiia?oe?eia no?aoaa?y.

Iiaeaeue ioe?iee ae?iaie/eo iiaeeeainoae aeioneo iiai? i?iaeoeoe??.

Aenia?eiaioe ia iiaeae? aecia/athoue oiiae aaccaeoeiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa;
ae?iaie/? iiaeeeaino? noiniaii iiai? i?iaeoeoe??, ia yeo anoaiiaeaii
c?inoaiiy ?eieiaiai iiieoo (a?aeiia?aeia ?ioi?iaoe?y iinoa/a?oueny c
iiia?aaeiuei? iiaeae?); ioe?iththoue nooi?iue ?eceeo caioneo eiie?aoieo
ae?ia?a, a oaeiae aecia/athoue ?iia??i? o?iainia? ?acoeueoaoe. Iiaeeeai
i?iaiaeeoe ?i?oaoe?th ??ciiiai?oieo neooaoe?e, iia’ycaieo c
caaacia/aiiyi ae?iaie/eie ?ano?naie (aecia/aoe “aocuee? i?noey” ii
eiie?aoiei aeaeai ?ano?n?a); ci?iith no?aoaa?e oi?aae?iiy; oaoiieia??;
no?oeoo?ieie ci?iaie o nia?aa?oino? i?iaeoeoe?? (ia aac? aecia/aiiy
aieeao ci?iieo oa iino?eieo aeo?ao ia caaaeueio nia?aa?o?noue). Iiaeaeue
oaeiae noioanoe/ia ? aeeiai?/ia.

Ia eiaeiiio t-io e?ioe? ?i?oaoe?? (a t-io ia??iae?) aecia/athoueny
ianyae ae?iaieoeoaa i-o ae?ia?a Vt = ( V1t , … , Vit ) o
iaoo?aeueiiio ? aa?o?niiio aeneia? oa ia ?o iniia? — ianya oiaa?ii?
i?iaeoeoe??(wmetafile8? ??U????????????
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???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A????&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy@??u?????&?
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aea wmetafile8? ??^???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A@???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy???u?????&?
?MathType??`????u`th??????wmetafile8? ??U????????????
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 a???&??yyyy?????Ayyyyyy ??M?????&?
?MathType???????uAth??????Aeai?eoi oi?ioaaiiy ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa ?
aaaaoie?ieiaith i?ioeaaeo?ith, yea caeaaeeoue a?ae ia?aii? no?aoaa??. A
?iaio? aecia/athoueny iiaeeea? aa??aioe no?aoaa?e c iaaaaeaiiyi
aeieeaaeieo aeai?eoi?a.

?acoeueoaoiith ?ioi?iaoe??th ?i?oaoe?eiiai i?iaiio ? ianyae i?iaeoeoe??
(o iaoo?aeueiiio oa aa?o?niiio aeneia?); ianyae ?ano?n?a, ui
aeei?enoai?, a oaeiae “aocuee? i?noey” ii iei, ye? ia aeicaieythoue
aeeiiaoe ae?iaie/o i?ia?aio; ianyae oiaa?ii? (?aae?ciaaii?) i?iaeoeoe??,
i?eaooeo (aai caeoeo), ia?aeeiaeueiiai aeioiaeo; aaee/eie ?eceeo
(?iia??i?noue iaea?aeaoe i?eaooie aai caeoie a?ae ae?iaieoeoaa
iiiaieeaoo?ieo iiceoe?e, ui aeine?aeaeothoueny).

Iaiao?aeii i?iaiaeeoe na??th i?iaii?a, oiio ui iiaeaeue ?iia??i?nia. A
yeino? e?eoa???a coieiee aenia?eiaio?a aeei?enoiaothoueny, iai?eeeaae,
?aioaaaeuei?noue i?iaeaaeo, i?ioeaio ia?aaeuaiiy ae?o/ee a?ae
?aae?caoe?? iaae e?eoe/iei ianyaii i?iaeaaeo; nooi?iue caaeiaieaiiy
?eieiaiai iiieoo oa ?i. Ia iiiaeei? i?iaii?a aecia/athoueny
ianei?noe/iee, iioei?noe/iee oa no?eiaiee aa??aioe ?iaioe i?aei?e?inoaa
ii aeioneo iiai? aeey iueiai iiiaieeaoo?e i?iaeoeoe??.

sse?niee ae?aaiinoe/iee aiae?c ia aac? AN “Ae?aaiinoeea”.

sse?nia ae?aaiinoeea aeeiio?oueny ia aac? AN, yea ia? ???a?o?/io
no?oeoo?o ? i?noeoue o nia? ?yae aeie?a noiniaii ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa (iae. 3 ). Eiaeai c aeie?a aeiiiiaaa?
aeeiioaaoe aenia?oi? oaiaoe/i? eiinoeueoaoe?? ca?aeii c eiai iai?yieii.
Aeaye? c aeie?a ei?enoothoueny i?ae /an eiinoeueoaoe?e aeniiaeaie c
?ioeo /anoei AN oa ?ioi?iaoe??th, ui iaae?eoea a aaco aeaieo c
?i?oaoe?eieo iiaeaeae.

sse iaaaaeaii ia iae. 3 , neooaoe?eia ae?aaiinoeea ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino? i?aaenoaaeaia iaeaea on?ia iaeaaaeeea?oeie iai?yieaie. Aei
aace ciaiue eiaeiiai aeieo caianaii aaaaoi ia’?eo?a (oaeoi??a), ia?ae?e
yeeo iaaea?oueny a aeena?oaoe??. Iaeiae, iiaeeeaino? AN noiniaii
iaaeaiiy ii?aae uiaei i?eeiyooy oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue i?aeo?eiothoueny
iino?eiei aeiiiaiaiiyi aace ciaiue. Oaoiieia?y oeueiai i?ioeano aeoaea
i?inoa ? ia iio?aao?

a?ae ei?enooaa/?a (oao?aoe?a i?aei?e?inoaa c ??cieo aaeocae)
niaoe?aeueieo ciaiue.

A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai, iiceoeai? yeino? AN neeaaeathoueny c oaeeo
iiiaio?a: caianaiiy aei aace ciaiue ye?nieo oaeoi??a, ae?? yeeo ia
oi?iae?cothoueny; eiiieaenia aecia/aiiy aieeao ia o?eueee ye?nieo, aea ?
e?euee?nieo oaeoi??a, ui iaaeoiaeyoue aei aace aeaieo AN; noai?aiiy
oao?aoeyie i?aei?e?inoaa ?ino?oooe?eii? iai’yo? AN caaaeyee aaiaeo
niaoe?aeueieo ciaiue c ??ciiiai?oieo aaeocae ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?.

?icae?e 3. I?eeeaaei? aniaeoe ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa.

I?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue ia aac? ?i?oaoe?eieo iiaeaeae iaoiiaeei
iaiao?aei?noue ae??oaiiy aaaaoueio ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo c ieaioaaiiyi oa
i?ia?aiiith ?aae?caoe??th aenia?eiaio?a. A ?iaio? iaaaaeai? ??ci?
aa??aioe ieai?a aenia?eiaio?a oa iiaeeea? i?ioeaaeo?e ?o coieiee ca?aeii
c cai?iiiiiaaieie e?eoa??yie.

I?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy noai?aia o na?aaeiaeu? nenoaie
ia’?eoii-a?coaeueiiai i?ia?aioaaiiy DELPHI, ooieoe?iio? a ?aaeei?
ae?aeiao oa iaaea? iaeaaeiee na?a?n ei?enooaa/o. I?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy
oa?aeoa?eco? i?aeaeuaia nooi?iue aio/eino?, yeo caaacia/o?
ia’?eoii-i???ioiaaiee i?aeo?ae. Ae?aii? oi?ie, ui iiaoaeiaai? ca
aeiiiiiaith a?coaeueieo eiiiiiaio, aeoaea iai/i?. Aenieee ??aaiue
oaeaeeino? oa iiaeeeaino? ?iaioe a ?ioi?iaoe?eieo ia?aaeao aeicaieythoue
iiai?noth ae??oeoe i?iaeaio i?ioyao ?i?oaoe?eieo aenia?eiaio?a oa
?ici??o iiaeaeae.

Iae. 3 No?oeoo?a aace ciaiue AN “Ae?aaiinoeea”

(a?aeiinii ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino?)

Aacith AN “Ae?aaiinoeea” ? ooieoe?iioth/a iioae?eiaaia iaieiiea (aaoi?e
— A.Nie?? ? Ae.E. Oinoa?). Niin?a i?aaenoaaeaiiy ciaiue a AN —
oaoiieia?y i?iaeoeoe?eieo i?aaee ?c cai?ioiith iine?aeiai?noth aeaiaeo.
?ioa?oaen nenoaie c ei?enooaa/ai a?aeaoaa?oueny o aeaeyae? iaith, ui
aeicaiey? eaaei ni?eeiaoe ?iaioo c nenoaiith iaa?oue iai?ioan?eiiio
ei?enooaa/o. Neeaae iaeaaaeeea?oeo caaaeaiue, ye? aeeiio? AN ai?iaeiaae
ni?eeoaaiiy c ei?enooaa/ai, iaaiaeeoueny o aeena?oaoe??. Oaoiieia?/ii
i?iaaaeaiiy eiinoeueoaoe?? c AN aeeiio?oueny o aeaeyae? caieoaiue aei
ei?enooaa/a. Inoaii?e o a?aeiia?ae? caaea? eiie?aoi? cia/aiiy oaeoi??a.
I?ney oeueiai AN caa?oa?oueny aei nai?? aace ciaiue oa, aeei?enoiaoth/e
i?iaeoeoe?ei? i?aaeea, ?ioi?iaoe?th c aace aeaieo oa a?aeiia?ae?
oao?aoey, iaaea? inoaiiueiio aenia?oio eiinoeueoaoe?th. A oiae?
eiinoeueoaoe?? ei?enooaa/ iiaea cai?ineoe ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i i?aoeaaeaioe
— aiaeia?/i? neooaoe??— oa io?eiaoe aeiaeaoeiao ?ioi?iaoe?th, yea aieeia
ia eiai inoaoi/ia ??oaiiy.

A ?iaio? ia aaaaoueio iaoa??aeao, io?eiaieo ia i?aeoeoe?,
aeaiiino?othoueny ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiy ?i?oaoe?eieo aenia?eiaio?a oa
i?eeeaaee aenia?oieo eiinoeueoaoe?e c i?eaiaeo ae?aaiinoeee
ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?iieneiaeo i?aei?e?inoa (c oi/ee ci?o
ia?aieo iai?yie?a aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy).

AENIIAEE

Aieiai? aeniiaee ? ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue caiaeyoueny
aei ianooiiiai:

1. Iaa?oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue oa aecia/ai? iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae
ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa.

A ?iaio? i?eeia?oueny aecia/aiiy ae?aaiinoeee, ye iai?yieo aeiiii?/iiai
aiae?co, ni?yiiaaiiai ia aeyaeaiiy i?iaeai ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoaa
a oiiaao i?aeaeuaii? aio?ii?? eiai aioo??oiueiai oa ciai?oiueiai
na?aaeiaeua c iaoith ?ic?iaee ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e ii ?o ae??oaiith.

Noi?ioeueiaai? aieiai? oa?aeoa?enoeee ae?aaiinoeee, ?? iai?yiee;
i?iaaaeaii eeaneo?eaoe?th oei?a ae?aaiinoeee; iaaaaeai? ?? a?aei?iiino?
a?ae o?aaeeoe?eiiai aiae?co.

A ?iaio? aecia/athoueny oae? aieiai? caaea/? ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino? (c oi/ee ci?o ?ioaa?iaaiiai ia?eaoeiao): ioe?iea ?eieiaeo
neooaoe?e ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoaa (c a?aooaaiiyi iaaecia/aiino? oa
aieeao noioanoe/ieo oaeoi??a ??ciiiai?oii? i?e?iaee); aiae?c aa??aio?a
ia?eaoeiaiai? no?aoaa?? oa oaeoe/ieo i?ia?ai ?o cae?eniaiiy; ioe?iea
?iia??ieo iane?aee?a oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue, ui i?eeiathoueny a oiae?
aeeiiaiiy ia?eaoeiaiaeo i?ia?ai; iia?aoeaia ioe?iea “aocueeeo i?noeue” a
??cieo noa?ao ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa; iiooe ia?niaeoeaieo ?aca?a?a
iie?ioaiiy iieaciee?a ?iaioe i?aei?e?inoaa; ye?niee neooaoe?eiee aiae?c,
ni?yiiaaiee ia i?eeiyooy oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue a oiiaao iaiiaii?
?ioi?iaoe??; i?iaiic aeeiai?ee eiia?oe?eieo ?acoeueoao?a oa ci?i
ae?eiai? ?aiooaoe?? i?aei?e?inoaa.

A?aeiia?aeii aei iaaaaeaiiai ia?ae?eo, aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy
ioiieth? caaea/? i?iaiico ?eieiaiai iiieoo ia i?iaeoeoe?th i?aei?e?inoaa
oa aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueieo (a eiie?aoieo oiiaao) eiia?oe?eieo no?aoaa?e
eiai ae?yeueiino?; ae?aaiinoeee ae?iaie/eo iiaeeeainoae aeioneo iiai?
i?iaeoeoe??, a oaeiae ?ic?iaee i?ia?aie ye?nii? ae?aaiinoeee aieiaieo
aniaeo?a ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa.

2. Iaa?oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue aeei?enoaiiy iaoiae?a ?i?oaoe?eiiai
iiaeaethaaiiy oa aenia?oieo nenoai a i?ioean? ae??oaiiy iinoaaeaieo
caaea/. Iniiai? a?aoiaioe iieyaathoue o i?aeaeuai?e aio/eino?
iaoaiaoe/iiai aia?aoo; iiaeeeaino? i?iaaaeaiiy ia eiai iniia?
aeine?aeaeaiue ia ia?niaeoeao c aeei?enoaiiyi ??ciiiai?oieo ia?aiao??a
iano?ith oa ao?aeieo aeaieo; a?aooaaii? eiiieaeniiai aieeao ye
e?euee?nieo, oae ? ye?nieo oaeoi??a, o oiio /ene?, noioanoe/ieo aieea?a
ia oiae i?ioean?a, ui aeine?aeaeothoueny.

3. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea e?euee?nii? ae?aaiinoeee ia aac? iiaoaeiaaieo
?i?oaoe?eieo iiaeaeae. Ca aeiiiiiaith ?i?oaoe?eieo aenia?eiaio?a
?aae?cothoueny oae? iai?yiee ae?aaiinoeee, ye ioe?iea oa aea??
i?aei?e?inoaii eiia?oe?eieo no?aoaa?e ?c i?iaiicii nooiaiy ?eceeo ?o
i?eeiyooy, a oaeiae aiae?c aeioe?eueiino? caioneo o ae?iaieoeoai iiaeo
ae?ia?a ?c aecia/aiiyi “aocueeeo i?noeue” noiniaii ae?iaie/eo ?ano?n?a.
Iiaeae? ? noioanoe/ieie ? aeeiai?/ieie, ui ni?ey? a?aooaaiith
iaaecia/aiino? aioo??oiueiai oa ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua i?aei?e?inoaa.
A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai iiaeeeai aeine?aeaeoaaoe ??ciiiai?oi?
neooaoe??, ye? aeieeathoue a i?aeoe/i?e ae?yeueiino? i?iieneiaiai
i?aei?e?inoaa.

4. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiiy ye?nii? ae?aaiinoeee ia aac? AN
“Ae?aaiinoeea”. A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai cai?iiiiiaaia i?ia?aia
neooaoe?eiiai ae?aaiinoe/iiai aiae?co aieeao ye?nieo oaeoi??a ia i?ioean
i?eeiyooy oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue a ia?eaoeiaia?e ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa.

5. ?ic?iaeai? i?eeeaaei? ieoaiiy, iia’ycai? c ?aae?caoe??th
cai?iiiiiaaieo iaoiaeee. A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai aecia/ai? ieaie
i?iaaaeaiiy ?i?oaoe?eieo aenia?eiaio?a ia iiaeaeyo oa ?o i?ia?aiia
caaacia/aiiy, a oaeiae ?ic?iaeaia aaca ciaiue AN ? oaoiieia?y
i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?oieo eiinoeueoaoe?e.

I?iieneiaa aenieoaoaoe?y cai?iiiiiaaieo ?ic?iaie na?ae/eoue i?i
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue, ye? i?eeiathoueny a
aaeoc? ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa, ca ?aooiie ye?niiai
iie?ioaiiy ?o aiae?oe/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy.

NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO AAOI?II I?AOeUe

CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??

1. Noaiaiaiei A.A. Yeiiiie/aneay aeeaaiinoeea ia?eaoeiaiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey: Iiiia?aoey. — Iaeanna: IIO “Ano?ii?eio”,
1998. — 112 n. (7 ae.a.)

2. Noaiaiaiei A.A. Aeeaaiinoeea ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey ia aaca nia?aiaiiuo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaee // Na. iao/.
noaoae Iaaeaeoia?. iao/i.- i?aeo. eiio. “Ia?niaeoeaiua iai?aaeaiey
?acaeoey yeieiaee, yeiiiieee, yia?aaoeee”. — Iaeanna: IOeIOYE. — 1997. —
N.164-169. (0,31 ae.a.)

3. Noaiaiaiei A.A. Caaea/e aeeaaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey // Na. iao/. noaoae Iaaeaeoia?. iao/i.-i?aeo. eiio.
“Ia?niaeoeaiua iai?aaeaiey ?acaeoey yeieiaee, yeiiiieee, yia?aaoeee”. —
Iaeanna: IOeIOYE. — 1998. — n. 100-104. ( 0,31 ae.a.)

4. Noaiaiaiei I.A. Iiaeaethaaiiy neooaoe?e a ia?eaoeiaia?e ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa // Ca. iaoe. noaoae “A?niee nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue”. — Aei. 2. — Iaeana: IAeAO. — 1998. — n.258-264. (0,44
ae.a.)

5. Noaiaiaiei I.A. Ia?iaea ia?eaoeiaiai? ?ioi?iaoe?? ia ??ai?
no?oeoo?iiai i?ae?icae?eo iaeaea?aeaaei?i?no?aoe?? // Ca. iaoe. i?aoeue
iaoe.-i?aeo. eiio. “Aaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieie oa iie?oe/ieie i?ioeanaie a ?aa?ii? (ia
i?eeeaae? i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie”. Oe?. Aeaae. aea?ae. oi?. i?e I?aceaeaioia?
Oe?a?ie . — Iaeana: IOeIOA?. — 1998. — n. 85-91. (0,4 ae.a.)

6. Nieieianeay C.I., Noaiaiaiei A.A. ?ac?aaioea ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee
ia aaca yenia?oiie nenoaiu // Eioi?iaoeeiiiue eenoie ? 182-96. —
Iaeanna: IOeIOYE. — 1996. — 0,2 ae.a. Caeiaoaa/ai cai?iiiiiaaii neeaae
aace ciaiue AN. Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a — 0,1 ae.a.

AIIOAOe?ss

Noaiaiaiei I.A. Ae?aaiinoeea a oi?aae?ii? ia?eaoeiaiaith ae?yeuei?noth
i?aei?e?inoaa. — ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.06.02 — i?aei?e?iieoeoai, iaiaaeaeiaio oa
ia?eaoeia. — Iaeanueeee aea?aeaaiee aeiiii?/iee oi?aa?neoao, Iaeana,
1999.

Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii oai?aoe/iei oa i?eeeaaeiei ieoaiiyi i?iaaaeaiiy
ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa. Aecia/ai? ci?no,
iniiai? oa?aeoa?enoeee oa neeaae caaea/ ae?aaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiai?
ae?yeueiino?. Iaa?oioiaaia aeioe?euei?noue aeei?enoaiiy iaoiae?a
?i?oaoe?eiiai iiaeaethaaiiy oa aenia?oieo nenoai a oiae? i?iaaaeaiiy
ae?aaiinoe/iiai aiae?co. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea cae?eniaiiy ae?aaiinoeee a
aaeoc? oi?ioaaiiy eiia?oe?eieo no?aoaa?e i?aei?e?inoa oa ioe?iee
aeioe?eueiino? caioneo o ae?iaieoeoai iiaeo ae?ia?a c aeei?enoaiiyi
iaoiaeo ?i?oaoe?eiiai iiaeaethaaiiy. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiiy
ye?nii? ae?aaiinoeee ia aac? aenia?oii? nenoaie. Ae??oaii eiiieaen
ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo c i?eeeaaeieie aniaeoaie ?aae?caoe?? iaoiaeee:
?ic?iaeaii i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy ?i?oaoe?eieo aenia?eiaio?a; iaaaaeaii
oaoiieia?? i?iaaaeaiiy aenia?eiaio?a ia iiaeaeyo, a oaeiae aenia?oieo
eiinoeueoaoe?e. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?? ai?iaaaeaeaii ia
i?iieneiaeo i?aei?e?inoaao.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: i?aei?e?inoai, ia?eaoeiaiaa ae?yeuei?noue, aeiiii?/ia
ae?aaiinoeea, ?i?oaoe?eia iiaeaethaaiiy, aenia?oi? nenoaie.

ANNOTATION

E. A. Stepanenko. Diagnostics in control of an enterprise marketing
activity.— Manuscript.

Thesis for an economics candidate’s degree by speciality 08.06.02 —
business, management and marketing. — Odessa State Economics University,
Odessa, 1999.

The thesis is dedicated to theoretical and applied problems of an
enterprise marketing activity. The contents, basic features, and
problems of diagnostics of an enterprise marketing activity are
determined. Usage of imitation modelling methods and expert systems by
diagnostic analysis are substantiated. Methods of implementation of the
diagnostics are worked out in the field of forming an enterprise
commercial strategies and evaluating expediency of putting new goods
into production using the imitation modelling. Methods of qualitative
diagnostics based upon an expert system are worked out. A complex of
questions connected to aspects of methodical realisation are decided. A
software has been worked out for imitation experiments. Techniques for
carrying out model experiments as well as expert consultations are
shown. Basic results of the thesis have been introduced at industrial
enterprises.

Keywords: enterprise, marketing activity, economic diagnostics,
imitation modelling, expert systems.

AIIIOAOeEss

Noaiaiaiei A.A. Aeeaaiinoeea a oi?aaeaiee ia?eaoeiaiaie
aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaei?eyoey.— ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.06.02 — i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai, iaiaaeaeiaio e
ia?eaoeia.— Iaeanneee ainoaea?noaaiiue yeiiiie/aneee oieaa?neoao,
Iaeanna, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia oai?aoe/aneei e i?eeeaaeiui aii?inai i?iaaaeaiey
aeeaaiinoeee ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee.

Ii?aaeaeaii niaea?aeaiea aeeaaiinoeee, eae iai?aaeaiey yeiiiie/aneiai
aiaeeca, iai?aaeaiiiai ia auyaeaiea i?iaeai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
i?aaei?eyoey a oneiaeyo iiauoaiiie yio?iiee aai aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae
n?aaeu n oeaeueth ?ac?aaioee ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii eo ?ac?aoaieth.
Noi?ioee?iaaiu iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee e ninoaa caaea/ aeeaaiinoeee
ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iieacaiu ioee/ey aeeaaiinoeee io
o?aaeeoeeiiiuo aiaeeoe/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee a iaeanoe ia?eaoeiaa. I?e
yoii ?ane?uoi niaea?aeaiea iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee aeeaaiinoeee,
?anoe?ythueo o?aaeeoeeiiiia i?aaenoaaeaiea ia aiaeeoe/aneie
ninoaaeythuae eioaa?aeueiie ooieoeee ia?eaoeiaa.

A ?aaioa ia iiaii, “aeeaaiinoe/aneii” o?iaia enneaaeoaony i?ioeann
i?eiyoey oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee ioiineoaeueii ?yaea oa?aeoa?iuo aniaeoia
ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee. A iaeanoue enneaaeiaaiee
aioee neaaeothuea eiie?aoiua iai?aaeaiey: i?iaiic ?uii/iiai ni?ina ia
i?iaeoeoeeth i?aaei?eyoey e ii?aaeaeaiea iioeiaeueiuo (a eiie?aoiuo
oneiaeyo) eiiia?/aneeo no?aoaaee aai aeayoaeueiinoe; aeeaaiinoeea
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo aiciiaeiinoae auionea iiauo ecaeaeee; ?ac?aaioea
i?ia?aiiu ea/anoaaiiie aeeaaiinoeee iniiaiuo aniaeoia ia?eaoeiaiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.

Iainiiaaia oeaeaniia?aciinoue i?eiaiaiey iaoiaeia eieoaoeeiiiiai
iiaeaee?iaaiey e yenia?oiuo nenoai a oiaea i?iaaaeaiey aeeaaiinoe/aneiai
aiaeeca. Iniiaiie aeoeaio naeaeai ia aeaeinoe aeaiiiai iaoaiaoe/aneiai
aiia?aoa, aiciiaeiinoe i?iaaaeaiey ia aai aaca aeeaaiinoe/aneeo
enneaaeiaaiee ia ia?niaeoeao n i?eiaiaieai ?acee/iuo ia?aiao?ia
iano?ieee e enoiaeiuo aeaiiuo; n o/aoii eiiieaeniiai aeeyiey
ea/anoaaiiuo e eiee/anoaaiiuo oaeoi?ia; eniieueciaaieai ioeaiie,
naeaeaiiuo ia eiooeoeaiii o?iaia; aaiaeii noioanoe/aneeo aiciouathueo
aicaeaenoaee ia oiae eco/aaiuo i?ioeannia.

?ac?aaioaia iaoiaeeea inouanoaeaiey aeeaaiinoeee a iaeanoe oi?ie?iaaiey
eiiia?/aneeo no?aoaaee i?aaei?eyoee e ioeaiee oeaeaniia?aciinoe caionea
a i?iecaiaenoai iiauo ecaeaeee n eniieueciaaieai iaoiaea eieoaoeeiiiiai
iiaeaee?iaaiey. Eieoaoeeiiiua yenia?eiaiou ia iino?iaiiuo a yoeo oeaeyo
iiaeaeyo iicaieytho i?iea?aoue ?acee/iua oicyenoaaiiua neooaoeee,
eioi?ua iiaoo aicieeiooue a oiaea aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. Iiaeaee
yaeythony noioanoe/aneeie, /oi iicaieyao o/anoue yio?iieth aai
aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae n?aaeu. Eieoaoeeiiiua yenia?eiaiou ?aaeecotho
eiee/anoaaiioth aeeaaiinoeeo.

Iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiey ea/anoaaiiie aeeaaiinoeee ?aaeeciaaia ia aaca
yenia?oiie nenoaiu. I?e yoii ?ac?aaioaiu ninoaa e no?oeoo?a aacu ciaiee
YN. E iniiaiui aeieai aacu ciaiee ioiinyony “ Aiaeec ?uieia, ia eioi?uo
?aaioaao i?aaei?eyoea”; “ Aiaeec oiaa?ia”; “Ioeaiea acaeiiioiioaiee
i?aaei?eyoey n iio?aaeoaeyie i?iaeoeoeee”; “Aiaeec aeaiiuo i
eiieo?aioao”; “Ioeaiea nenoaiu oi?ie?iaaiey ni?ina e noeioee?iaaiey
nauoa”; “ Aiaeec i?aaiecaoeee nauoa i?iaeoeoeee i?aaei?eyoey”; “ Ioeaiea
aeeyiey oaeoi?ia aiaoiae n?aaeu ia i?iecaiaenoaaiioth e eiiia?/aneoth
aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey”; “ Ioeaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiie aioo?aiiae
n?aaeu i?aaei?eyoey”; “Aeaeeioaea aeeaaiinoeee eiie?aoiuo neooaoeee”.

A oiaea yenia?oiuo eiinoeueoaoeee nenoaia eniieuecoao eioi?iaoeeth ec
aac aeaiiuo, noi?ie?iaaiiuo a ?acoeueoaoa iiaeaeueiuo yenia?eiaioia.
Oaeei ia?acii, aeinoeaaaony o/ao eiiieaeniiai aeeyiey eiee/anoaaiiuo e
ea/anoaaiiuo oaeoi?ia ia i?eiyoea eiie?aoiuo oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee a
iaeanoe ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.

?aoai eiiieaen aii?inia, naycaiiuo n i?eeeaaeiuie aniaeoaie ?aaeecaoeee
iaoiaeee. A ?aaioa i?aaenoaaeaiu ieaiu eieoaoeeiiiuo yenia?eiaioia,
?ac?aaioaii i?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea iiaeaeueiiai eiiieaena. I?eaiaeeony
oaoiieiaey yenieoaoaoeee iiaeaeueiiai eiiieaena e i?iaaaeaiey yenia?oiuo
eiinoeueoaoeee. I?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea ?ac?aaioaiiuo iaoiaeee
i?iaiaeece?iaaii ia oaeoe/aneii iaoa?eaea eiie?aoiuo oicyenoaaiiuo
neooaoeee.

Iniiaiua ?acoeueoaou aeenna?oaoeee aiaae?aiu ia ?yaea i?iiuoeaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: i?aaei?eyoea, ia?eaoeiaiaay aeayoaeueiinoue,
yeiiiie/aneay aeeaaiinoeea, eieoaoeeiiiia iiaeaee?iaaiea, yenia?oiua
nenoaiu.

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