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OE?A?INUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE O?I?EI-OAOIIEIA?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
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AOIAAe OAIAAe AE? AAAeI
OAeE 666.9.01
AeINE?AeAEAIIss EE?IEA?IOOAI?AIIss I?E AEIAETHAAII?
AAIIssII-IIEAAIOIAOIEO NE?IAEIIEO NOI?OAE
05.17.11- oaoiieia?y ooaiieaaeeo iaiaoae?/ieo iaoa??ae?a
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee – 1999
Aeena?oaoe?th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia o Oa?e?anuee?e aea?aeaai?e aeaaeai?? i?nueeiai
ainiiaea?noaa I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee eaiaeeaeao o?i?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
Uueioe?ia Oaoyia TH???aia,
Oa?e?anueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y
i?nueeiai ainiiaea?noaa,
aeioeaio eaoaae?e o?ceee.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
?ethoa Ieeiea A?eai?iae/,
Oe?a?inueea ?iaeaia?ii-iaaeaaia?/ia
aeaaeai?y, i. Oa?e?a, caa. eaoaae?ith
o?i?? oa o?i?/ii? oaoiieia??;
eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
Eoeee Aieiaeeie? Ieaen?eiae/,
Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee o?i?ei –
oaoiieia?/iee oi?aa?neoao,
i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee,
caa.eaoaae?ith o?i?/ii? oaoiieia??
ayaeo/eo iaoa??ae?a
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe
Oe?a?ie, i. Oa?e?a.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 22 ” ea?oiy 1999 ?. i ____ aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 08.078.02 i?e Oe?a?inueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio o?i?ei-oaoiieia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 320005, i.
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, i?.Aaaa??ia, 8.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue a a?ae?ioaoe? OAeOOO i.
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, i?.Aaaa??ia, 8.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ” ___ ” aa?aciy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Nooee I.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie.
?icaeoie ae?iaieoeoaa oeaiaioo a Oe?a?i? aeiaaa? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiaeo
oaoiieia?e aeey nei?i/aiiy aia?aiaeo?ao oa caa?aaeaiiy oe?iieo
i?e?iaeieo eiiaeei (e?aeaea, /eno? aaiiyee oa ye?ni? aeeie). Ieaio?oueny
?icoe?aiiy aaeeoeo aoi?eiieo iaoa??ae?a ??cieo aaeocae ae?iaieoeoaa ? a
ia?oo /a?ao iaeiiaeeoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a a??ie/iaeaeiaoaii? i?iieneiaino?.
Caaaeyee /eneaiiei aeine?aeaeaiiyi o?i?? oa oaoiieia?? oeaiaioo
a?aeiii, ui i?e?iaea ? aeanoeaino? i?ia?ae?a oa ?o eiiaeiia?ao?a a
neeaae? oeaiaioieo ne?iaeiieo noi?oae aecia/athoue iaea?eueo aaaeeea?
iane?aeee aeey eai?oaeiaeeaaeaiue, aa?oino? oa yeino? ae?iaeaiiai
i?iaeoeoo.
Oaoi?/iee aoaeo a?ae canoinoaaiiy iiaeo iaoa??ae?a oe?eeii
aecia/a?oueny aeioe?euei?noth aeei?enoaiiy ?o o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae i?e
neioac? ee?iea?a. Ioaea, iiaeeaeaia aea/aiiy o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae oa
i?ia?aeueiiai neeaaeo iiaeo iaoa??ae?a, ? aeooaeueiei caaaeaiiyi
aeine?aeaeaiue.
Ua a?eueo aeooaeueiith ? ?ic?iaea cania?a e?euee?niiai aecia/aiiy
?aaeoe?eii? cae?aiino? ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a i?e ee?iea?iooai?aii?. sse
cacia/aii inoaii?ie i?aeia?iaeieie eiia?anaie c o?i?? oeaiaioa,
?aaeoe?eio cae?ai?noue ne?iaeiieo noi?oae i?e ee?iea?iooai?aii? iiaeia
aecia/eoe ca aeiiiiiaith aioaeuei?eiiai aiae?co i?ioeano
Oaeei /eiii iaoeia? ?iaioe, ni?yiiaai? ia iiaeeaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy
iiaeo iaoa??ae?a aeey neioaco ii?oeaiaeoeaiaioiiai ee?iea?a oa
aecia/aiiy e?euee?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee ?o ?aaeoe?eii? cae?aiino? a oeueiio
i?ioean?, a aeaiee /an ? aeooaeueieie aeey ?icaeoeo oeaiaioiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa a Oe?a?i?.
Iaoa oa caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith ?iaioe ? iaea?aeaiiy
e?eueeenieo oa?aeoa?enoee ee?iea?iooai?aiiy i?e aeiaethaaii?
iao?aaeeoe?eii? ne?iaeiii? noi?o? oeyoii aecia/aiiy o?ceei-o?i?/ieo
aeanoeainoae ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a oa ee?iea?a /a?ac aeei?enoaiiy
oa?iiaeeiai?/iiai aiae?co i?ioeana.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe ae??oai? ianooii? caaaeaiiy.
1. Aeine?aeaeaiiy o?i?/iiai ? i?ia?aeueiiai neeaaeo ne?iaeiieo
iaoa??ae?a (aaiiyea oa a??nueei? ii?iaee) caaiaeo i. Oa?c Eaiainueei?
?anioae?ee.
2. Aecia/aiiy e?euee?niiai oaciaiai neeaaeo aaiiyea ? a??nueei? ii?iaee
oa ?ic?iaea iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aiae?co.
3. Aeine?aeaeaiiy ?icaeoeo i?ioeana ee?iea?iooai?aiiy i?e aeiaethaaii?
noi?o? oeeo iaoa??ae?a oa aecia/aiiy e?euee?niiai oaciaiai neeaaeo
ee?iea?a.
4. Aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao aeii?oie aeaiien?aeo oeoaia ia aoaeiao ?
neeaae aieiaieo ee?iea?ieo oac oa ee?iea?a.
5. Aecia/aiiy aenoaineaieo oa?iiaeeiai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee ne?iaeiieo
iaoa??ae?a ? ee?iea?a a oaeiae oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae ieoiii?
oaiei?iiino? oa aioaeuei??.
6. Iiaoaeiaa aioaeuei?eii? ae?aa?aie ?aaeoe?? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy ?
aecia/aiiy oaieiaeo aoaeo?a neioaco ee?iea?a caaeaiiai oaciaiai ai?noo c
o?aooaaiiyi i?ia?aeueiiai neeaaeo ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
1. Aecia/aii iniaeeaino? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy ne?iaeiii? noi?o?,
i?ia?aeueio iniiao yei? neeaaeathoue aaiiye, iieueia? oiaoe, iaaiaoeo oa
?eueiai?o.
2. Aecia/aiee iiaiee.oaciaee neeaae oa noao?iiao??y i?ia?ae?a ee?iea?o,
iaea?aeaiiai aeiaethaaiiyi icia/aii? ne?iaeiii? noi?o?.
3. Aeiaaaeaii, ui ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aoii?a oeoaia o e?enoae?/io a?aoeo
wmetafile8? ??:???????????
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???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy3/4yyy@??
?????&??MathType??`????u@th?????? 4. I?aeoaa?aeaeaii ia?ao?ae aei
?iiaiaae?e/ii? iiaeeo?eaoe?? o?eeaeueoe??aiai n?e?eaoo aiane?aeie
aca?iiae?? c aeaiieneaeii oeoaia, aea aia?oa a?aecia/aii, ui cai?uaiiy
wmetafile8? ?????????????
???????????yyy????.????1????????????? a
???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy ??U?????&?
?MathType??0????u@th?????? 5. ?icaeiooi oyao i?i aca?iiae?th
o?eeaeueoe??aiai aethi?iaoa c aeaiieneaeii oeoaia, ui ni?e/eiy? eiai
?iciaae ia N12A7 oa NaI. I?e oeueiio ooai?ththoueny ia eeoa
oao?aaae?e/i? eiiieaene oeoaia c eeniai, a oaeiae oeoai-eeniaa?
ieoaaae?e, ui, caiiaiththoue ii?iaeia/? e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee i?eoaiaii?
3NaIAl2I3.
6. Aia?oa aeyaeaii, ui aiane?aeie aca?iiae?? C4AF c oeoaiii i?e 13000N
ooai?th?oueny oaca, neeaae yei? aeecueeee aei wmetafile8?
?????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
???????`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy3/4yyyA??
?????&??MathType??`????u@th??????7. Aecia/aii, ui i?e oi?ioaaii?
ee?iea?a aeii?oea oeoaia i?ecaiaeeoue aei cieaeaiiy e?eueeino? oace N3S
oa aethiioa??o?a i?e iaeii/aniiio ca?eueoaii? C3A oa oace C2S oa
cai?iiiiiaaii oi?ioeo EI ee?iea?a, nei?aaiaaio ia ai?no oeoaia oa eiai
aieea ia ee?iea?iooai?aiiy.
8. Iaea?aeai? oa?iiaeeiai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a oa
ee?iea?o ye ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo ?a/iaei (iioaioe?ae A?aana, aioaeuei?y,
aio?ii?y oa oaiia?aoo?ia caeaaei?noue oaiei?iiinoe).
9. Iiaoaeiaaia aioaeuei?eia ae?aa?aia i?ioeano neioaco ee?iea?a oa
cae?eniaii aiae?c aia?aiaeo?ao ia ie?ai? eiai noaae??. Ia/eneaii
noaiaea?oiee oaieiaee aoaeo ?aaeoe?? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy c aeine?aeaeaieo
ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a (rIo), ui caeaaeeoue eeoa a?ae ?o i?ia?aeueiiai oa
o?i?/iiai neeaaeo ? ? e?euee?niith oa?aeoa?enoeeith ?aaeoe?eii?
cae?aiino? ne?iaeie.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
1. Iieacaii, ui a??nuee? ii?iaee iaaiaoe/iiai iioiaeaeaiiy, ui i?noyoue
aii?o?o, iieueia? oiaoe oa i??ienaie ii?yae c iaaiaoeoii oa ?eueiai?oii
? aoaeoeaiith ne?iaeiith aeey ae?iaeaiiy ii?oeaiaeoeaiaioiiai ee?iea?o.
2. Aecia/aii, ui i?enooi?noue aeuea?oo oa i?e?ieeeio a ne?iaeii?e
noi?o? oneeaaeith? i?ioean aeaea?aii?caoe?? /a?ac ooai?aiiy oac
iiae?aieo aei nio??eoo. Oiio aeaea?aii?caoe?th aiaeia?/ii? ne?iaeie
aeioe?eueii cae?enithaaoe a ?aaeoi?ao-aeaea?aii?caoi?ao.
3. ?ic?iaeaii can?a oa aeai?eoi aeey iia?aoeaiiai aecia/aiiy
e?euee?niiai neeaaeo ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a, iiae?aieo aei
aeine?aeaeaieo, ui iiaeooue aeei?enoaoe i?e na?oeo?eaoe?? oiaa?ii?
ne?iaeie, aeaeiaooi? c i?iieneiaeo ea?’???a aai a?aeoiae?a a??ie/iai
aeaeiaooeo /e caaaa/aiiy.
4. Cai?iiiiiaaia oi?ioea EI ee?iea?a, ui a?aoiao? aieea oeoaia ia
ee?iea?iooai?aiiy, aeei?enoiao?oueny a oaoiieia?/ieo ?ic?aooieao
E?eai??nueeiai oeaiaioii-a??ie/iaia eiia?iaoo i?e canoinoaaiiy
ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a c i?aeaeuaiei ai?noii aeaiieneaeo oeoaia.
5. Iaea?aeai? aioaeuei?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee ee?iea?iooai?aiiy iiaeia
aeei?enoiaoaaoe aeey ooi/iaiiy oa ei?aeoe?? aaee/eie oaieiaeo?ao ia
?aaeoe?th neioaco ee?iea?a a oaieioaoi?/ieo ?ic?aooieao oeaiaioiiai
caaiaeo i. Oa?c Eaiainueei? ?anioae?ee.
Iaeiie/aiee a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? aenia?eiaioaeueiee oa aiae?oe/iee
iaoa??ae iiaea aooe aeei?enoaiee aeey:
· iiooeo iiaeo ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a oa i?iaiicoaaiiy ?o ?aaeoe?eii?
cae?aiino? aei ee?iea?iooai?aiiy
· iiyniaiiy aieeao 3d-aeaiaio?a ia i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy ee?iea?ieo oac ?,
iniaeeai, aethiioa?eo?a;
· ?ic?iaie iia?oi?o noai iia?aoeaiiai eiio?ieth yeino? ei?enieo eiiaeei
oa nooiaiy ?o caaaa/aiiy ia ie?ai? i?ia?aee;
· iioe?aiiy aioaeuei?eiiai aiae?co aeey nii??aeiaieo ??cieo
o?i?ei-oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a.
Eiiieaeni? o?ceei-o?i?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoa??ae?a oa ?ic?iaea
iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aiae?co oaciaiai neeaaeo a??nueeeo
ii??ae. Aeine?aeaeaiy ci?i aoaeiae ? oaciaiai neeaaeo aieiaieo
ee?iea?ieo i?ia?ae?a oa ee?iea?o aiane?aeie ?aaeoe?? c aeaiieneaeii
oeoaia. Iaea?aeaiiy aeaieo aeey ?ic?iaee oi?ioee EI ee?iea?a, yea
a?aoiao? aieea aeii?oee oeoaia ia ee?iea?iooai?aiiy. Iaa?oiooaaiiy
i?aeaeuaii? ?aaeoe?eii? cae?aiino? aeine?aeaeaii? ne?iaeiii? noi?o? i?e
ee?iea?iooai?aii?. I?aeaioiaea aace aeaieo oa cae?eniaiiy
oa?iiaeeiai?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue. ?ic?aooiee oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae
oa?iiaeeiai?/ieo ooieoe?e, iaea?aeaiiy aioaeuei?eii? ae?aa?aie
aeine?aeaeaieo iaoa??ae?a oa aecia/aii noaiaea?oiee oaieiaee aoaeo
?aaeoe??. Aecia/aiiy ??ciiiai?oieo iai?yie?a i?aeoe/iiai canoinoaaiiy
?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe.
Aieiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeiiia?aeaeeny ia I I?aeia?iaeiiio
neiiic?oi? c o?i?? ? oaoiieia?? oeaiaio?a, Iineaa 1996 ?., a oaeiae ia
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e XXIX eiioa?aioe?? aeeeaaea/?a, ani??aio?a oa
ni?a?ia?oiee?a oa?e?anueei? aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? i?nueeiai
ainiiaea?noaa. Oa?e?a, 1997 oa 1998 ??.
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 8 ae?oeiaaieo
?ia?o, ui a?aeaeaathoue ?? aieiaiee ci?no.
No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, i’yoe
aeaa, caeeth/aiiy, ia?ae?eo iineeaiue ia e?oa?aoo?i? aeaea?aea. Ia’?i
?iaioe neeaaea? 147 noi??iie iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, 23 ?enoie?a,
21oaaeeoey, 151 iineeaiiy ia iaoeia? i?aoe? a?o/eciyieo oa caei?aeiiieo
aaoi??a oa 2 aeiaeaoe?a.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe??, noi?ioeueiaaii
aieiaio iaoo, a?aecia/aii iaoeiao iia?oi?noue oa i?aeoe/io oe?ii?noue
iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Icia/aii iiaoaeiao ?iaioe oa ei?ioeee ci?no ??
?icae?e?a.
Ia?oa aeaaa i?noeoue aiae?c iaoeiai? i?iaeaie oa e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae,
ui neeaaeathoue oyao i?i no/ani? caniae ?? ae??oaiiy.
?icaeyioo? iaoa??aee uiaei aieeao i?ia?aeueiiai neeaaeo oeaiaioieo
ne?iaeiieo noi?oae ia ?o ?aaeoe?eio cae?ai?noue i?e aeiaethaaii?
ee?iea?o. Na?aae aaaaoueio iaoeiaeo i?aoeue aeae?eaii o?, ui
noinothoueny aeei?enoaiiy ??ciiiai?oieo a??nueeeo ii??ae ye ei?aaoth/eo
aeii?oie ne?iaeiii? noi?o?. iniaeeao oaaao i?eae?eaii aiae?co
a?aeiiinoae i?i aeeiai?eo ooai?aiiy ee?iea?ieo oac i?e o/ano? oaeeo
i?ia?ae?a, ye aii?o?o, ae?iineae, ainoaoeo, aeuea?o, i?e?ieeei a oaeiae
i?ia?ae?a, ui i?noyoue ieneaee cae?ca. A?aeie?aieai? aeine?aeaeaiiy,
iaoith yeeo aoei aecia/aiiy e?euee?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee ?aaeoe?eii?
cae?aiino? noi?o?.
A?aecia/aii, ui ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue aeine?aeaeaiue i?enay/aia
niinoa?aaeaiiyi ca ee?iea?iooai?aiiyi i?e o/ano? oaoiiaaiieo iaoa??ae?a,
a iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe iathoue iieniaee oa?aeoa?. Iaeaea a?aenooi?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui i?noyoue a?aeiiino? i?i e?euee?niee i?ia?aeueiee
neeaae aeei?enoaieo iaoa??ae?a.
A?aecia/aii, ui oai?aoe/ia oaieioa ee?iea?iooai?aiiy ? iacaeaaeiei
e?euee?niei ia?aiao?ii, yeee aecia/a?oueny neeaaeii ne?iaeie. Oiio a
oeueiio ?icae?e? ia?oi? aeaae aiae?cothoueny caniae ia/eneaiiy oaieiaiai
aoaeoo ee?iea?iooai?aiiy iaoa??aeo ca aeiiiiiaith iaoiae?a o?i?/ii?
oa?iiaeeiai?ee.
A ae?oaiio ?icae?e? aeaae aiae?cothoueny aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao aeii?oie
3d-aeaiaio?a ia aoaeiao aieiaieo ee?iea?ieo oac oa ia i?ioeane
e?enoae?caoe?? ee?iea?iiai eiiaeiia?aoo. Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?eaia
aeine?aeaeaiiyi aieeao aeii?oie aeaiieneaeo oeoaia oa oiiaai
?enia??iaio?a. A?aecia/aii, ui, iacaaaeath/e ia aaeeeo e?euee?noue
aeine?aeaeaiue, ?niothoue i?ioeeaaei? oyae i?i aieea aeaiieneaeo oeoaia
ia ee?iea?iooai?aiiy. I?e/eiith oeeo ?ica?aeiinoae ? ??ci? oiiae
aenia?eiaio?a.
Ia aac? oeeo aeniiae?a aecia/ai? iaoa ?iaioe oa aieiai? caaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiue.
A ae?oa?e aeaa? “Iaoiaee aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue” iiaeai?
o?ceei-o?i?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee ia’?eo?a aeine?aeaeaiue ? iaa?oiooaaiiy
canoiniaaieo aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa oai?aoe/ieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiue.
Aieiaieie ia’?eoaie aeine?aeaeaiiue aoee ne?iaeii? iaoa??aee oa ee?iea?
oeaiaioiiai caaiaeo i. oa?c a Eaiainuee?e ?anioae?oe?. Ee?iea?
ae?iaey?oueny c noi?o? aaiiyeo c a??nueeith ii?iaeith, yea ca o?i?/iei
neeaaeii a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae iaoa??ae?a, aein? a?aeiieo a neeaae?
oeaiaioieo ne?iaeiieo noi?oae.
A??nueea ii?iaea i?noeoue a?ey 3,5% TiO2, a ee?iea? – a?ey 0,8% TiO2,
ui ni?e/eieei iaiao?aei?noue aea/aiiy aieeao aeaoieeno oeoaio ia aieiai?
i?ia?aee ee?iea?a oa eiai e?euee?niee oaciaee neeaae.
O?ce/ieie iiaeaeyie oeeo aeine?aeaeaiue aoee oaa?ae? ?ic/eie
aeaiieneaeo oeoaia a ee?iea?ieo i?ia?aeao oa ?o noi?oao. I?e oeueiio
aeei?enoaii ee?iea?i? i?ia?aee neioaco aeine?aeiiai caaiaeo I??Oeaiaioo
( Iineaa). Oaa?ae? ?ic/eie iaea?aeai? iiaoi?iei aeiaethaaiiyi noi?oae
i?e 1300 ? 15000 N a eaai?aoi?i?e ia/? i?e iaeiaeiaeo oiiaao i?aeeiio
oaiia?aoo?e oa iia?eueiiio ioieiaeaeaii?.
Aeey aecia/aiiy i?ia?aeueiiai neeaaeo ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a, ee?iea?a
oa oaa?aeeo ?ic/ei?a aeaiieneaea oeoaia a ee?iea?ieo i?ia?aeao
aeei?enoaii eiiieaen iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy: o?i?/iee aiae?c,
?aioaaiioaciaee, aeeoa?aioe?eii-oa?i?/iee oa ?io?a/a?aiiee niaeo?aeueiee
aiae?c.
E?euee?niee aiae?c oaciaiai neeaaeo ee?iea?a aecia/aii c aeei?enoaiiyi
aeaieo o?i?/iiai aiae?co oa iai?ae?euee?niiai aiae?co ?io?a/a?aiiiai
niaeo?o.
A ae?oa?e aeaa? oaeiae iiaeaii aiae?c a?aeiieo iaoiae?a ?aoe?iiaeueiiai
aiae?co a??nueeeo ii??ae a aaio?i??, aeina?ae yeeo aeei?enoaii a
iiaeaeueoeo aeine?aeaeaiiyo.
O?aoy aeaaa. A oe?e aeaa? aeeeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue, ui
aeicaieeee aecia/eoe ye?niee oaciaee neeaae aaiiyea, a??nueei? ii?iaee
oa ee?iea?a, a oaeiae ?ic?iaeai? aeai?eoie, caaaeyee yeei aoei aecia/aii
e?eueeeniee oaciaee neeaae oeeo iaoa??ae?a.
Ia ?en. 1 iiaeaii noaio aeai?eoia, ca yeei aeeiioaaany ?aoe?iiaeueiee
aiae?c i?ia?aeueiiai neeaaeo a??nueei? ii?iaee.
A oaaeeoe? 1 i?eaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aiae?co aaiiyea ?
a??nueei? ii?iaee, ui aoee iaea?aeai? ca oeeie aeai?eoiaie ia AII.
Oaaeeoey 1.
I?ia?aeueiee neeaae aaiiyea oa a??nueei? ii?iaee
I?ia?aeO?i?/ia Nei?i/aia Ai?no, % ian.oi?ioeaiacaaAaiiyeA??nueea
ii?iaeaAii?oioNai.Al2I3.2SiI2NAS22,2127,02Aeuea?oNa2O.Al2O3.6SiO2NAS60,5
118,95IaaiaoeoFeO.Fe2O3Fe3O40,7810,13I?e?ieeeiK2O.Al2O3.6SiO2KAS61,818,1
6?eueiai?oFeO.TiO2FT0,196,31Ee?iiainoaoeoMgO.SiO2MS-5,81Eaa?oe-SiO2SiO21
,845,56Iaeeai?ne?o4MgO.6SiO2.2H2OM4S6H2-5,51Oei??o5MgO.Al2O3.2SiO2.4H2OM
5AS3H43,50-Ae?iineaeNai. MgO.
2SiO2CMS2-3,73EaeueoeeoCaCO3CaCO388,133,24Iaaaeueoieoeo5CaO.SiO2.P2O5C5S
P0,101,73A?inCaSO4.2H2OCSH20,531,25Aoa?eeyCC0,36-
C oaaeeoe? 1 aeaeii, ui i?ia?aeueieie aeii?oeaie o aaiiyeo ? oei??o,
aii?o?o, i?e?ieeei oa eaa?oe. A neeaae? a??nueei? ii?iaee i?noyoueny
iieueia? oiaoe (aii?o?o, aeuea?o, i?e?ieeei), i??ienaie (ae?iineae,
eeeiiainoaoeo) oa iaaiaoeo ? ?eueiai?o – eiiiiiaioe, ui i?noyoue caeenia
cae?ci ? oeoai. Ai?no iaaiaoeoo oa ?eueiai?oo iio?aao? aeiaeaoeiaeo
?ic?aooie?a ci?ie ai?noo eenith a iaoa??ae?, aea a?aeaoaathoueny
i??iaaii? i?ioeane ia?aoai?aiiy wmetafile8? ??o????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
`A???&??yyyy?????Ayyy3/4yyy???
?????&??MathType??`????u@th?????? I?e aeine?aeaeai?
aenieioaiia?aoo?i? aea??aaoia?aie ee?iea?iooai?aiiy ne?iaeiii? noi?o?
oeaiaioiiai caaiaeo aecia/aii, ui aiaeiaoaeoe i?e 1000 ? 10800 N
a?aeiia?aeathoue ieaaeaiith iaaiaoeoa oa ?eueiai?oa. Ca e?oa?aoo?ieie
aeaieie a oeueiio ae?aiacii? oaiia?aoo? a?aeaoaathoueny aca?iiae?? i?ae
icia/aieie ?icieaaaie oa i??ienaiyie Na??y aiaeiaoaeo?a i?e 1200, 1200,
12400 N iaoiiaeaia ieaaeaiiyi iieaaiooaoieo i?ia?ae?a. Neeaaeia oi?ia
aiaeiaoaeoo aeaea?aii?caoe??, ui a?aeaeaa? aieea ia aeenioe?aoe?th NaNI3
eoaeieo aeaiaio?a aeuea?oo oa i?e?ieeeio. Aiaeiaoaeoe 1200-12400 N
ceeaathoueny c aoaeoii
wmetafile8? ??^e???A???????????????????????????
????????????”y??????????????ue??yyy??????-??
???u?????yyy?”????-?????(???$?wwDwBw?v=v:v7v4v2v/v
,v)v’v$v!ww w
???u??????????”????-????-?????-?????-?????(???$?yyMx
IwFwBw>v;v7v3v/v+v’v#ww
wxy???-????-?????-?????-?????*???$?wDwxxx
yyyz
zzSzQyPyNyLxJxHxFwD???-????-?????-?????-?????*??
?$?yMyyyzz
||XWVTzSzQyPyNyM???-????-?????-?????-?????*
???$?zSz
|||]|Z|Y|XWVUzS???-????-?????-?????-??
???*???$?|X||~?~y ~th y
a~`~_~^][|Y|X???-????-?????-?????-?????*???$?
]~?~y ~th y ue ?ue ?u ?u
?d?c?ba`~`~_~^]???-????-?????-?????-?????*???$
?ay ue ?ue ?u ?u ?en. 1 Aeai?eoi ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aiae?co
a??nueei? ii?iaee
ooai?aiiy ee?iea?iiai ?icieaaa i?e oaiia?aoo?? 12500 N, ui ieae/a, i?ae
i?e aeiaethaaii? o?aaeeoe?eieo oeaiaioieo noi?oae.
I?ney aeine?aeaeaiiy aaaaoueio i?ei??iee?a ee?iea?o i?iieneiaiai
aeiaethaaiiy c oe??? noi?o? c o?aooaaiiyi ai?noo aeii?oie a neeaae?
ee?iea?ieo oac aecia/aii, ui ee?iea? i?noeoue: ae?oo – 49,5%; aae?oo –
27,04%; N3A – 4,2%; aethiioa??o?a -13,22%. Aecia/aii, ui caaa?oaiiy
?aaeoe?e eeeiea?iooai?aiiy a?aeaoaa?oueny i?e oaiia?aoo?ao i?ae 1350 oa
14000 N. Oea i?aeoaa?aeaeo? aenieo ?aaeoe?eio cae?ai?noue aeine?aeaeaieo
ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a.
A?aecia/aii, ui a i?iieneiaiio ee?iea?? aethiioa??oe neeaaeathoueny,
i?eiaeii?, c aeaio oac; iaeia c yeeo caaaa/aia ia ieneae aethi?i?th, a
?ioa, iaaiaee, ia. ieneae cae?ca.
A /aoaa?o?e aeaa? aeeeaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue neeaaeiaeo oa
no?oeoo?ieo ci?i, ui ooai?ththoueny a oacao 3Nai. SiO2 (N3S), -2Nai.
SiO2 (-N2S), 3Nai.Al2I3 (N3A) oa 4Nai.Al2I3.Fe2O3 (C4AF) a oaeiae a ?o
noi?oao aiane?aeie aenieioaiia?aoo?ii? aca?iiae?? c aeaiieneaeii oeoaio
(1 oa 2% iane).
Iaa??aaiiy 3Nai.SiO2 aei 15000 N i?ecaiaeeoue aei /anoeiai ia?aoai?aiiy
o?eee?iii? e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee iiiii?ia?aea ia iiiiee?iio III. A oeo aea
oiiaao iaa??aaiiy aiane?aeie ?ciii?oiiai cai?uaiiy Ti4+Si4+
a?aeaoaathoueny ci?ie a aoaeia? e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee, ui aeyaey?oueny a
ia?a?icaeiiae?e? ?ioaineaiino? aeeo?aeoe?eieo i?e?a c d=2,572 oa d=2,
786 , a oaeiae ioeueoeieaoiiai i?ea c d=1,767 . Oe? iciaee
iineeththoueny i?e c?inoaii? ai?noo TiO2. Ca aeaieie ?aioaai?anueeiai oa
AeOA aiae?co aeii?oea TiO2 a 3Nai.SiO2 i?ecaiaeeoue aei ooai?aiiy oace,
ui ia? ?iiaiaae??/io iiaeeo?eaoe?th e?enoae?/ii? no?oeoo?e.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy ?io?a/a?aiieo niaeo??a aeiaeaoeiai aeyaeei, ui aiane?aeie
aca?iiae?? TiO2 c 3Nai.SiO2 ooai?th?oueny a?eueiee SiO2.
Aenia?eiaioe c -2Nai. SiO2 aeyaeee, ui i?ney iaa??aaiiy aei 15000 N c
ianooiiei ioieiaeaeaiiyi aeo?aeiiai – -2Nai.SiO2 ia a?aeaoaa?oueny
ia?aoai?aiue e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee. A ?ac? iaa??aaii? noi?o? oeueiai
iaoa??aeo c TiO2 a?aeaoaa?oueny ia?aoai?aiiy /anoeie e?enoae?a ia
-2Nai.SiO2. Oe? oacia? ia?aoai?aiiy a?aeia?aaeothoueny a cieaeaii?
/anoio aeaoi?iaoe?eieo eieeaaiue ai?ii?a [SiO4]4-, i?aeaeuaii? i?aoe?eie
nioae aneiao?e/ieo aaeaioieo eieeaaiue oa ia?a?iciiae?e? ?ioaineaiino?
ioeueoeieaoii? nioae aaeaioieo eieeaaiue. sse ? o aeiaaeeo 3Nai.SiO2,
i?e oeueiio niinoa??aa?oueny ooai?aiiy a?eueiiai .SiO2, ui o?eno?oueny
ia ?io?a/a?aiieo niaeo?ao.
Oaeei /eiii, ?ciaaeaioia ?ciii?oia cai?uaiiy Ti4+Si4+ a ee?iea?ieo
i?oinee?eaoao i?ecaiaeeoue aei i?aeaeuaiiy neiao??? e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee,
aea i?e oeueiio ia caa??aa?oueny iiia?aaeiy noao?iiao??y nee?eaoii? oace
? a iaio aeiaaeeao c? neeaaeo iao?e/ii? oace aeeo/a?oueny a?eueiee SiO2.
Ia ?aioaaiia?aiao i?iaeoeo?a iaa??aaiiy noi?o? 3Nai.Al2I3 c 1% oa 2%
iane TiO2 niinoa??aathoueny iciaee ?iciaaeo iao?e/ii? oace ia NaI oa
N12A7. Aoaeo iineeth?oueny c? ca?eueoaiiyi iane aeii?oee TiO2. A ?*
niaeo?ao i?iaeoeo?a aeiaeaiiy noi?o? 3Nai.Al2I3 c TiO2 aiane?aeie
?ciii?oiiai aaoa?iaaeaioiiai cai?uaiiy Ti4+Al3+ niinoa??aa?oueny
?ic??cithaaiiy ioeueoeieaoii? nioae 820 ni-1 aaeaioieo eieeaaiue
oao?aaae?e/ieo aethii-eeniaaeo eiiieaen?a a 3Nai.Al2I3. Iaeii/anii
aeieea? a?oia nioa a?ey 640 ni-1, ui a?aeiia?aea? ca aaeaioi? eieeaaiiy
ieoaaae?e/ieo eeniaaeo eiiieaen?a a Ti4+, ye? ooai?ththoueny aiane?aeie
aeeooc?? aoii?a oeoaia a ii?iaeia/? e?enoae?/ii? eii??ee 3Nai.Al2I3.
O?ce/iith iiaeaeeth ee?iea?ieo aethiioa??o?a aoa 4Nai.Al2I3.Fe2I3
(C4AF), aeo?aeiee i?ei??iee yeiai aeyaea no?oeoo?i? iciaee aacia?a?aiiai
oaa?aeiai ?ic/eio a nenoai? N3A-N12A7-N2F: N4AF=12,36%C3A + 31,7%C12A7 +
55,94%C2F. Iaa??aaiiy aei 13000 N ? iia?eueia ioieiaeaeaiiy i?ecaaei aei
/anoeiaiai ?iciaaeo oaa?aeiai ?ic/eio. Ia ?aioaaiia?ai? cao?eniaai?
aiae?oe/i? i?ee NaI, C3A, C12A7 oa C2F.
?aioaaiia?aie i?iaeoeoo aeiaethaaiiy noi?o? C4AF c 1% iane TiO2
iathoue ciaioai? ?aoeaene NaI, C3A oa C12A7, aea yeui aeii?oeaTiO2
nyaa? 2% iane, ia ?aioaaiia?ai? iaia? oeeo aiae?oe/ieo e?i?e. I?e
oeueiio a?aeaoaathoueny ci?ie neeaaeo iaoa??aea, aiane?aeie yeeo
ooai?ththoueny e?enoaee oace, iiae?aii? aei N2 F c ia?aaaaeii ?iiiei
oeiii o?i?/ieo ca’yce?a. ?ioa /anoeia iaoa??aeo, oaeei /eiii,
aeyaey?oueny caaaa/aiith ia Al2I3. Ia ?* niaeo?ao i?iaeoeo?a aeiaeaiiy
N4AF c TiO2 c’yaeythoueny nioae, oeiia? aeey N8A3F N6A2F (720 ci-1, 660
ci-1), a oaeiae ia? i?noea c?inoaiiy oiio niaeo?a, ui aeyaey?
ca?eueoaiiy oac c ?iiiei oeiii o?i?/iiai ca’yceo.
?ic?aooiee iieacothoue, ui 2% TiO2 a neeaae? aethiioa??oo, ooai?ththoue
aeecueei 25% oace, aea ni?a?niothoue oao?aaae?e [FeO4] oa [TiO4]
aiane?aeie ?ciii?oiiai cai?uaiiy wmetafile8? ??l???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
A???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy???U?????&?
?MathType??0????u@th??????Aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao oeoaia ia
e?enoae?caoe?th ee?iea?ieo oac aoei i?iaaaeaii ia noi?oao iiiii?ia?ae?a
c 1% aeaiieneaeo oeoaia,ye? iaa??aaee aei 1500i N, a iio?i iia?eueii
ioieiaeaeoaaee. Aea/aee ia?aoai?aiiy oaciaiai neeaaeo e?eueeio na??e
ee?iea??a c ??cieie ni?aa?aeiioaiiyie nee?eaoieo oac oa cia/aiiyie
aeeiicaiiiai iiaeoey. Ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c oaciaiai neeaaeo i?iaeoeo?a
e?enoae?caoe?? aeyaea, ui i?ae aieeaii oeoaia ciaioo?oueny ai?no oace
C3S oa aethiioa??o?a, a ca?eueoo?oueny e?euee?noue aethi?iao?a oa
aae?oo. I?e oeueiio ai?no cae?ca a aethiioa??oao iaaeeaea? ?o aei
neeaaeo aeaieaeueoe??aiai oa??oo.
Caaaeath/e ia iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe, cai?iiiiiaaii oi?ioeo aeey
ia/eneaiiy EI ee?iea?a, ui a?aoiaoa aieea oeoaia ia ee?iea?iooai?aiiy.
Oey oi?ioea ia?aa??aia i?e ?ic?aooieao ne?iaeiieo noi?oae, ui i?noyoue
??cio e?euee?noue aeii?oie aeaiieneaeo oeoaia.
A i’yo?e aeaa? aeeeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe ia/eneaiiy oai?aoe/iiai oaieiaiai
aoaeoo ee?iea?iooai?aiiy (aioaeuei?? ?aaeoe??) i?e aeiaethaaii?
ne?iaeiii? noi?o? c aeine?aeaeaieo aaiiyea, a??nueei? ii?iaee oa i?neo.
Aeeiiaii oa?iiaeeiai?/iee aiae?c ?aaeoe?? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy:
wmetafile8? ??’???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
a#???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy #??E?????&?
?MathType?????u@th??????aea 1, 2, 3 – noao?iiao?e/i? eiao?oe??ioe,
ui a?aeaeaathoue aaaiao e?euee?noue ne?iaeiieo eiiiiiaio?a; 1, 2 oa 3 –
noao?iiao?e/i? eiao?oe??ioe, ui a?aeaeaathoue aaaiao e?euee?noue
oaa?aeeo (ee?iea?) oa aaciiiae?aieo i?iaeoeo?a ?aaeoe??.
Aeey iiaeaeueoeo ia/eneaiue oa?iiaeeiai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee oeeo
iaoa-??ae?a oa ?o ii??aiyiiy, aeei?enoaii iiiyooy iic??ii? iieaeoey?ii?
iane 1 iiey eiiaeiia?ao?a, yea aecia/a?oueny o?i?/iei neeaaeii
i?e?iaeieo oa ooo/ieo (ee?iea?) eiiaeiia?ao?a. Aeey ia/eneaiue
aeei?enoaii aaco aca?iii ocaiaeaeaieo oa?iiaeeiai?/ieo aeaieo
?iaeea?aeoaeueieo ?a/iaei. ??aiyiiy (1) aeey aeine?aeaeaieo iaoa??ae?a
aeey 1 iiey ee?iea?a ia? aeaeyae:
3,0206(aaiiye) + 0,0699(a??nueea ii?iaea) + 0,3494(i?nie) + 0,1021(I2)
=1(eeeiea?) + 0,1221(I2I, aac) + 3,0968(NI2,aac)
(2)
Oa?iiaeeiai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee ee?iea?a oa ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a aeey 1
ea ee?iea?a, ui iaea?aeai? aiane?aeie ?ic?aooie?a, iiaeaii a oaaeeoe? 2.
Oaaeeoey 2
Oa?iiaeeiai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee ee?iea?a oa ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a
Iacaawmetafile8? ??>???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@a???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy ??o?????&?
?MathType???????u@th?????? Oaieiaeo?aoe ?aaeoe?? (2) ia/eneaii ca
??aiyiiyi:
wmetafile8? ??D???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@@5???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy?5??o?????&?
?MathType???????u@th?????? Ca noaiith ia/eneaiue, yeo aeeeaaeaii a
aeena?oaoe??, iaea?aeaii oaiia?aoo?i? caeaaeiino? aeey ?aaaaio?a:
wmetafile8? ??????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
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e?ioeaaiai i?iaeoeoo:
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``3???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy 3???????&??MathType?? Iaea?aeaia
ca aeiiiiiaith (3) oa (4) aioaeuei?eia ae?aa?aia ee?iea?iooai?aiiy aeey
aeine?aeaeaii? ne?iaeiii? noi?o? iiaeaia ia ?en. 3.
wmetafile8? ??o???????????????????????????????
????????????D1/4???
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/?!/?—?n?—?n?!o?$n?!n?$o?$???ue??yyy??????-?
???u??????????”????-????????????-?????-????$?TH!TH
o?
o?$TH$TH!???-????-????????????ue??????????-?
???u??????????”????-????%???TH???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%?o?eTHe???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%?o?ITHI???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%?o?—?TH—????-????-????-?
???u??????????”????- ????%?o?°TH°???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%?TH›?TH!???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%??—??!???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%?n—?n!???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%?,—?,!???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%?c—?c%???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%?¦—?¦!???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%?`—?`%???-????-????-?
???u??????????”????-????%?—?!???-????-????u1/2y
?????1/4???I?”Arial
Cyr?I????-????u??????1/4???I”System?I???-????-????u??
???????????I???Courier New?I????-?????????u1/2y
?????1/4???I?”Arial Cyr?IB???-????
???????.????????2?????-14000?%?%?&?%?
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???-?????????u1/2y ?????1/4???I?”Arial
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?????1/4???I?”Arial Cyr?IB???-???? ???????.????????2i
????-16000?%?%?&?%?
???-?????????u1/2y ?????1/4???I?”Arial
Cyr?I????-????-????-????-?????????u1/2y
?????1/4???I?”Arial Cyr?IB???-???? ???????.????????2
????-17000?%?%?&?%?
???-?????????u1/2y ?????1/4???I?”Arial
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Roman
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C?????-?????????????????-?????-????$?Y^Y]Hy
Mai???-????-????????????-?????-?
???$?E†Y^aiI‘???-????-????????????-?????-?
???$?›¤??E†I‘?en. 3. Aioaeuei?eia ae?aa?aia i?ioeano
eeeiea?iooai?aiiy
Ca aeiiiiiaith ae?aa?aie aecia/aii aia?aaoe/io aa?o?noue ??cieo noaae?e
ee?iea?iooai?aiiy - c?inoaiiy aioaeuei?eii? noi?o? i?e iaa??aaii?;
oaieiaee aoaeo ?aaeoe??; ciaioaiiy aioaeuei?? ee?iea?a oa aac?a
aiane?aeie ioieiaeaeaiiy, caaaeuei? aeo?aoe ia cae?eniaiiy ?aaeoe??.
Noaiaea?oiee oaieiaee aoaeo ?aaeoe?? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy - aaee/eia, ui
aa?aoueny aei oaaae a oaieioaoi?/ieo ?ic?aooieao oeaiaioii?
i?iieneiaino?, /eneaiii aei??aith? i?aeeiao? i?ae oi/eaie 4 oa 1
ae?aa?aie Q4-1 = 1647,2 eAeae/ea ee?iea?a, a caaaeuei? aeo?aoe ia
?aaeoe?th Q3-1 = 3964,4 eAeae/ea ee?iea?a. Oe? aaee/eie ?
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie eiie?aoieo ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a, ?o i?ia?aeueiiai
neeaaeo. Aiie iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? aeey e?euee?niiai aecia/aiiy
?aaeoe?eii? cae?aiino? ne?iaeie. Oaeei /eiii iiaeia i?aeaeueoe
a??ia?aei?noue oaieioaoi?/ieo ia/eneaiue, ye? ia a?aoiaothoue
i?ia?aeueiee neeaae ne?iaeie. Ca aeiiiiiaith AII oae? ia/eneaiiy iiaeia
aeeiioaaoe iia?aoeaii a oiiaao ae?iaieoeoaa.
aeniiaee
1. Aeine?aeaeai? iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo ee?iea?iooai?aiiy i?e
aeiaethaaii? oeaiaioii? ne?iaeiii? noi?o? iao?aaeeoe?eiiai o?i?/iiai
neeaaeo oa cae?eniai? oa?iiaeeiai?/i? ?ic?aooiee aeey aecia/aiiy
oaieiaeo aoaeo?a ? e?euee?nii? oa?aeoa?enoeee ?aaeoe?eii? cae?aiino?
ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a.
2. Ca aeiiiiiaith eiiieaenieo o?ceei-o?i?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue aecia/aii
ye?niee oa e?euee?niee i?ia?aeueiee neeaae aaiiyea (Limestone) ?
aethiinee?eaoii? a??nueei? ii?iaee (Rock V.) c Eaiainueei? ?anioae?ee.
3. ?ic?iaeai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? ?aoe?iiaeueiiai oaciaiai aiae?co
i?ia?aeueiiai neeaaeo aeine?aeaeaieo ne?iaeiieo iaoa??ae?a. Oe? iiaeae?
iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? aeey iia?aoeaiiai eiio?ieth yeino? iaoa??ae?a
a eaai?aoi??yo oa ia ae?iaieoeoa?.
4. Aeine?aeaeaii o?ceei-o?i?/i? iniaeeaino? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy i?e
aeiaethaaii? ne?iaeiii? noi?o? ? ?icaeiai? oyae i?i iiceoeaiee aieea
iecueeioaiia?aoo?ieo aaoaeoee iieaaiooaiieo i?ia?ae?a, iaaiaoeoa oa
?eueiai?oa ia ?aaeoe?eio cae?ai?noue ne?iaeiieo oeaiaioieo noi?oae.
Aeyaeaii, ui oa?i?/ia aeenioe?aoe?y aaiiyea a i?enooiino? iieueiaeo
oiao?a noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny ooa?aiiyi iiaea?eieo nieae oa oac, iiae?aieo
aei nio?eoo.
5. Cae?eniai? o?ceei-o?i?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeey aecia/aiiy aieeao
aeaiieneaeo oeoaia ia neeaae oa no?oeoo?o aieiaieo ee?iea?ieo oac.
Aia?oa aeyaeaii, ui aiane?aeie cai?uaiiy Ti+4Si4+ a ee?iea?ieo
i?oin?e?eaoao c ?o neeaaeo aeeo/a?oueny SiO2. I?e oeueiio niinoa??aaeany
oaiaeaioe?y oaciaeo ia?aoai?aiue aei iiaeeo?eaoe?e c a?eueo neiao?e/iith
e?enoae?/iith a?aoeith: ia?ao?ae c o?eee?iii? aei ?iiaiaae?e/ii?
iiaeeo?eaoe?? 3NaISiO2 oa ia?aoai?aiiy /anoeie 2NaISiO2 2NaISiO2.
6. Aia?oa aeyaeaii, ui aca?iiae?y TiO2 c 3NaIAl2O3 noi?iaiaeaeothoueny
cai?uaiiyi Ti+4Al3+ ia eeoa a oao?aaae?e/ieo no?oeoo?ieo eiiieaenao c
eeniai, a oaeiae a ieoaaae?e/ieo eiiieaenao. Inoaii? iiaeeeai, yeui
aoiie oeoaia caiiaiththoue ii?iaeia/? e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee
o?eeaeueoe??aiai aethi?iaoo.
7. Aia?oa aeyaeaii, ui ?aaeoe?y aeaiieneaeo oeoaia c 4NaIAl2O3Fe2O3
i?ecaiaeeoue aei ooai?aiiy aeaio oac. Neeaae iaei??? aeecueeee aei
2,86Nai.0,43TiO2.Fe2I3, a ?ioi? - aei 8NaI3Al2O3Fe2O3. Oeae aoaeo
i?aeoaa?aeaeaii i?e oaciaiio aiae?c? i?iieneiaiai ee?iea?o.
8. Aeiaaaeaii, ui ae?y aeii?oee oeoaia ia oaciaee neeaae ee?iea?o
ae?aaeaia o ciaioaii? e?eueeino? oace ae?oo oa aethiioa??o?a i?e
c?inoaii? e?eueeino? aethi?iao?a oa aae?oo.Cai?iiiiiaaii oi?ioeo EI
ee?iea?a, yea a?aoiao? aieea aeii?oee oeoaia ia ee?iea?iooai?aiiy.
9. Ia canaaeao aeaieo i?i e?euee?niee i?ia?aeueiee neeaae ne?iaeiieo
iaoa??ae?a oa ?ioi?iaoe?? i?i oaciaee neeaae ee?iea?a ?ic?aoiaai?
noao?iiao??/i? eiao?oe??ioe ?aaeoe?? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy. Aecia/aii
oa?iiaeeiai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee ?aaaaio?a, ia/eneai? oaiia?aoo?i?
caeaaeiino? aioaeuei?? oeeo ?a/iaei a ?ioa?aae? 25 - 14500 N.
10. Iiaoaeiaaia aioaeuei?eia ae?aa?aia ?aaeoe?? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy,
aecia/ai? oaieiaeo?aoe ia neioac ee?iea?a oa noaiaea?oiee oaieiaee aoaeo
?aaeoe??. Anoaiiaeaii, ui a?i aei??aith? 1647,2 eAeae ia 1 ea ee?iea?a,
ui nooo?ai ieae/a, i?ae 1758 eAeae/ea ee?iea?a, a?aeiiee aeey
aaiiyii-aeeiiaeo o?aaeeoe?eieo ne?iaeiieo noi?oae
11. ?icaeiooi oyao i?i oa, ui aioaeuei?ei? ae?aa?aie aeathoue ciiao
aecia/aoe noaiaea?oiee oaieiaee aoaeo ee?iea?iooai?aiiy, yeee caeaaeeoue
eeoa a?ae o?i?/iiai ? i?ia?aeueiiai neeaaeo ?aaaaio?a ? ia caeaaeeoue
a?ae oiia aenia?eiaioo. Iieacaii, ui oey oa?aeoa?enoeea a?aeia?aaea?
?aaeoe?eio cae?ai?noue ne?iaeiii? noi?o? aei ee?iea?iooai?aiiy, iiaea
aooe aecia/aia iia?aoeaii, ca aeiiiiiaith AII, oa aeei?enoaia aeey
iioei?caoe?? neeaaeo ne?iaeiieo noi?oae ca iciaeith aia?aicaa?aaeaiiy
i?ioeano ?? aeiaethaaiiy.
?aae?caoe?y oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiue aieeao aeii?oie TiO2 ia aoaeiao ? neeaae aieiaieo
ee?iea?ieo oac aeei?enoai? i?e noai?aii? iiai? noaie ?ic?aooieo
iiaeoeueieo ia?aiao??a ne?iaeiii? noi?o? ia E?eai??cueeiio
oeaiaioii-a??ie/iio eiia?iao?, i?e canoinoaaiiy ei?aaoth/eo aeiaeaoe?a
(oeae?a oa iiiaeo, /a?aiiiai oeaio, oiui) c i?aeaeuaiei ai?noii
aeaiieneaeo oeoaia.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? a?aeia?aaeai? a oaeeo ?iaioao:
1. Uaoeeia O.TH., Aaaei Aoiaae, Eeoaeiaiei E.A. Enneaaeiaaiea aeeyiey
i?eiane OiO2 ia no?iaiea ieia?aeia ii?oeaiaeoeaiaioiiai eeeiea?a //:
?ani. iaaeaaae. iao/i.-oaoi. na. “Eiiioiaeueiia oicyenoai ai?iaeia”. -
E.: Oaoiiea, 1997. - Aui. 11. - N. 69-75.
2. Aaaei Aoiaae, Uaoeeia O.TH. ?aoeeiiaeueiue aiaeec ieia?aeueiiai
ninoaaa ai?iie ii?iaeu // Aanoiee Oa?uee. ain. iieeoaoi. oi-oa. -
Oa?ueeia: OAIO, 1998. - Aui. 16. - N. 34-38.
3. Aaaei Aoiaae, Uaoeeia O.TH. Enneaaeiaaiea aeeyiey aeeieneaea oeoaia
ia no?iaiea aethiioa??eoa 4NaIAl2O3Fe2O3 // Aanoiee Oa?uee. ain.
iieeoaoi. oi-oa. - Oa?ueeia: OAIO, 1998. - Aui. 16. - N. 38-41.
4. Aoiaae Oaiaae Aee Aaaei, Oaei A.E., Uaoeeia O.TH. Ii?aaeaeaiea
oai?aoe/aneiai oaieiaiai yooaeoa ?aaeoeee eeeiea?iia?aciaaiey // Aanoiee
Oa?uee. ain. iieeoaoi. oi-oa. - Oa?ueeia: OAIO, 1998. - Aui. 18. - N.
67-72. 6.
5. Aoiaae Oaiaae Aee Aaaei. Iniaaiiinoe oi?ie?iaaiey eeeiea?a i?e
iaaeeaa ecaanoeiai-iieaaioiaoiie nu?ueaaie niane // Aanoiee Oa?uee. ain.
iieeoaoi. oi-oa. - Oa?ueeia: OAIO, 1998. - Aui. 21. - N. 74-77.
6. Uaoeeia O.TH., Aaaei Aoiaae, Eeoaeiaiei E.A. Iniaaiiinoe
oeceei-oeie/aneeo i?ioeannia i?e eeeiea?iia?aciaaiee a aeaooeiiiiiaioiie
nu?ueaaie niane neiaeiiai ieia?aeueiiai ninoaaa // I Iaaeaeoia?iaeiia
(IX Ananithciia) Niaauaiea ii oeiee e oaoiieiaee oeaiaioia. Oacenu
aeieeaaeia. - I.: ?OOO ei. Ae.E. Iaiaeaeaaaa, 1996. - N. 36-37.
7. Uaoeeia O.TH. Aaaei Aoiaae Aeeyiea i?eiane aeeieneaea oeoaia ia
onoie/eainoue aethiioa??eoiuo oaa?aeuo ?anoai?ia // Oacenu e aeiee. XXIX
iao/ii - oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee i?aiiaeaaaoaeae, anie?aioia e
nio?oaei. OAAAO. - Oa?ueeia: 1998. - N.64.
8. Oaei A.E., Uaoeeia O.TH., Aaaei Aoiaae ?aoeeiiaeueiue oaciaue ninoaa
iaaiaoe/aneie ai?iie ii?iaeu // Oacenu e aeiee. XXIX iao/ii -
oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee i?aiiaeaaaoaeae, anie?aioia e nio?oaei. OAAAO.
- Oa?ueeia: 1998.- N.64-65.
Aoiaae O. A. Aaaei. Aeine?aeaeaiiy ee?iea?iooai?aiiy i?e aeiaethaaii?
aaiiyii-iieaaioiaoieo ne?iaeiieo noi?oae.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.17.11 - oaoiieia?y ooaiieaaeeo iaiaoae?/ieo
iaoa??ae?a. Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee o?i?ei-oaoiieia?/iee oi?aa?neoao.
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1999.
Caoeua?oueny 8 iaoeiaeo i?aoeue, ui i?noyoue ?acoeueoaoe
aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ee?iea?iooai?aiiy i?e
aeiaethaaii? oeaiaioii? ne?iaeiii? noi?o? aaiiyea c a??nueeith
ii?iaeith, yea neeaaea?oueny c iieueiaeo oiao?a, i??ienai?a, iaaiaoeoo
oa ?eueiai?oo.
?icaeioo? oyae i?i aieea aeii?oee aeaiieneaeo oeoaia ia neeaae oa
aoaeiao aieiaieo ee?iea?ieo oac. Ca iaea?aeaieie ?acoeueoaoaie oi?ioeo
EI ee?iea?a, ui a?aoia?? aieea aeaiieneaea oeoaia ia ee?iea?iooai?aiiy.
?ic?iaeai? iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aiae?co aaiiyea oa
a??nueei? ii?iaee c o?aooaaiiyi i?enooiino? a ?o neeaae? iaaiaoeoo oa
?eueiai?oo.
Iiaoaeiaaia aioaeuei?eia ae?aa?aia ?aaeoe?? ee?iea?iooai?aiiy aeey
aeine?aeaeaieo iaoa??ae?a, caaaeath/e ia ?o e?euee?niee i?ia?aeueiee
neeaae. Aecia/ai? oai?aoe/i? oaieiaeo?aoe ia aieiai? noaae?? i?ioeano,
noaiaea?oiee oaieiaee aoaeo, yeee iiaea aooe iacaeaaeiith e?euee?niith
oa?aeoa?enoeeith ?aaeoe?eii? cae?aiino? ne?iaeie.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: ee?iea?iooai?aiiy, ?aoe?iiaeueiee aiae?c, ne?iaei?
iaoa??aee, aeaiieneae oeoaia, aieiai? ee?iea?i? oace, ee?iea?,
oa?iiaeeiai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee ee?iea?a oa ne?iaeiii? noi?o?,
oaiia?aoo?i? caeaaeiino? aioaeuei??, aioaeuei?eia ae?aa?aia ?aaeoe??,
noaiaea?oiee oaieiaee aoaeo ee?iea?iooai?aiiy, ?aaeoe?eia cae?ai?noue.
Akhmed Kh. A. Abdo. Research of clinker formation at the firing of raw
limestone and feldspar mixtures.
The thesis for higher degree of Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) on
speciality 05.17.11 - chemistry and technology of refractory nonmetallic
materials. Ukrain of Chemistry technology. Dnepropetrovck, 1999.
Eight scientific works with the results of physical and chemical
experimental and theoretical studies, the enthalpy analysis, the special
features of clinker formation in a raw mix included the feldspar
minerals, pyroxens magnetite and ilmenite are maintained.
The changes of the composition and structure of the main clinker phases
to the intersections under high temperatures are presented the
information offering a correction to the formula of the saturation index
of the raw mix taking into account the titaniumdioxide is added.
The mathematical model of the routine rational analysis of the rocks
close in composition to the considered ones is developed.
The enthalpy diagram of the clinker formation reaction involving the
materials in question is plotted.
The heat expermined of the basic reaction stages are determined
theoretically as well as the standard heat effect which can be used in
practice, as the characteristic of the reactivity of the raw materials.
Key words: clinker formation reaction, raw mix, clinker, limestone,
rock, rational analysis, titanium dioxide, thermodynamic characteristics
of the reaction, enthalpy diagram, standard heat effect of the clinker
formation, reactivity.
Aoiaae O. A. Aaaei. Enneaaeiaaiey eeeiea?iia?aciaaiey i?e iaaeeaa
ecaanoeiai-iieaaioiaoiuo nu?ueaauo nianae.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.17.11 - oaoiieiaey ooaiieaaeeo iaiaoaeee/aneeo
iaoa?eaeia. Oe?aeineee Ainoaea?noaaiiue oeieei-oaoiieiae/aneee
oieaa?neoao. Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1999.
Caueuaaony 8 iao/iuo ?aaio, niaea?aeaueo ?acoeueoaou
yenia?e-iaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee eeeiea?iia?aciaaiey i?e iaaeeaa
nu?ueaaie niane iao?aaeeoeeiiiiai ieia?aeueiiai ninoaaa e oai?aoe/aneeo
enneaaeiaaiee yoeo iauaeoia n i?eiaiaieai iaoiaeia oeie/aneie
oa?iiaeeiaieee.
Eco/aiu nu?ueaaua iaoa?eaeu iaaiaoe/aneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey Eaiaineie
?anioaeeee - ecaanoiye, ai?iay ii?iaea, nu?ueaaay ioea, i?iau eeeiea?a.
Oeaeue enneaaeiaaiey - iieo/aiea eiee/anoaaiiuo oa?aeoa?enoee ?aaeoeee
eeeiea?iia?aciaaiey, eioi?ua ii?aaeaeythony oeieei - ieia?aeiae/aneei
ninoaaii nu?ueaauo iaoa?eaeia.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaee auiieiaiu:
· ea/anoaaiiua e eiee/anoaaiiua aiaeecu oeie/aneiai e ieia?aeueiiai
ninoaaa ecaanoiyea, ai?iie ii?iaeu a oaeaea eeeiea?a, iieo/aiiiai i?e
?aciuo oneiaeyo iaaeeaa;
· enneaaeiaaiea aeeyiey i?eiane aeeieneaea oeoaia ia no?iaiea
eeeiea?iuo oac e eiee/anoaaiiia niioiioaiea oac a eeeiea?a;
· oa?iiaeeiaie/aneea ?an/aou oa?aeoa?enoee nu?ueaauo iaoa?eaeia e
eeeiea?a a oaeaea oaiia?aoo?iuo caaeneiinoae oaeaeueiie oaieiaieinoe e
yioaeueiee;
· iieo/aiea yioaeueieeiie aeeaa?aiiu eeeiea?iia?aciaaiey n
ii?aaeaeaieai ec iaa eiee/anoaaiiuo oaoiieiae/aneeo oa?aeoa?enoee,
ii?aaeaeyaiuo oeieei - ieia?aeueiie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoueth nu?ueaauo
iaoa?eaeia. A ?aaioa eniieueciaai eiiieaen oeceei-oeie/aneeo iaoiaeia
enneaaeiaaiee (?aioaaiioaciaue aiaeec, EE niaeo?ineiiey,
aea?eaaoia?aoey), iaoiaeeee eiee/anoaaiiiai oaciaiai aiaeeca. I?e
ia?aaioea yenia?eiaioaeueiuo ?acoeueoaoia e oa?iiaeeiaie/aneeo ?an/aoao
eniieueciaaia au/eneeoaeueiay oaoieea.
Oa?iiaeeiaie/aneea ?an/aou aace?iaaeenue ia eioi?iaoeee i eiee/anoaaiiii
ieia?aeueiii ninoaaa o/anoieeia ?aaeoeee. Iiyoiio aeey enneaaeiaaiiuo
iaoa?eaeia ?ac?aaioaiu iaoaiaoe/aneea iiaeaee iia?aoeaiiai
?aoeeiiaeueiiai aiaeeca ecaanoiyea e ai?iie ii?iaeu. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi a
ninoaa ai?iie ii?iaeu aoiaeyo iieaaua oiaou (aieaa 50% iannu), ie?ienaiu
(aeeiineae e eeeiiyinoaoeo), iaeuai?neeo, iaaiaoeo, eeueiaieo e ae?oaea
ieia?aeu. Aeai?eoiu o/eouaatho iniaaiiinoe niaeaniaaiey oeie/aneiai e
ieia?aeueiiai ninoaaa ieia?aeia, niaea?aeaueo caeeniia aeaeaci.
A ninoaa ai?iie ii?iaeu aoiaeeo aieaa 3,5%, a a eeeiea? - aieaa 0,8%
aeeieneaea oeoaia. Yoi ii?aaeaeeei auiieiaiea iiaeaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee
aeeyiey i?eiane oeoaia ia ninoaa eeeiea?iuo oac e eeeiea?a. ?acoeueoaou
yoeo enneaaeiaaiee iicaieeee ooi/ieoue eiee/anoaaiiue oaciaue ninoaa
eeeiea?a. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi i?eianue oeoaia, eiioeaio?e?oynue, a
iniiaiii, a aethiioa??eoao, aoiaeeo a ninoaa oaa?aeiai ?anoai?a,
aeeceiai e C2.86T0.43F, auoaniyy aethieiee. Neaaenoaeai yoiai yaeyaony
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea niioiioaiey eeeiea?iuo oac ii n?aaiaieth n
?an/aoiuie. Yoio yooaeo i?iyaeyaony oai neeueiaa, /ai ieaea aeeiicaiiue
iiaeoeue nu?ueaaie niane. Ia iniiaaiee ?acoeueoaoia yoiai aeiea
enneaaeiaaiee i?aaeeiaeaia ooi/iaiiay oi?ioea EI, o/eouaathuay aeeyiea
i?eiane oeoaia ia oaciaue ninoaa eeeiea?a.
Iieo/aiu oa?iiaeeiaie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee o/anoieeia ?aaeoeee
eeeiea?iia?aciaaiey eae eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo aauanoa - ecaanoiyea, ai?iie
ii?iaeu, ianea, a oaeaea eeeiea?a e aaciia?aciuo i?iaeoeoia ?aaeoeee.
?ann/eoaiu oaiia?aoo?iua caaeneiinoe yoeo oa?aeoa?enoee. Ec
yioaeueieeiie aeeaa?aiiu ?aaeoeee eeeiea?iia?aciaaiey ii?aaeaeai
noaiaea?oiue oaieiaie yooaeo 1647,2 eAeae / ea i?e iaueo oaieicao?aoao
3964,4 eAeae / ea eeeiea?a.
Auiieiaiiay ?aaioa ooi/iyao eiee/anoaaiiua oaoiieiae/aneea
oa?aeoa?enoeee ?aaeoeee eeeiea?iia?aciaaiey
Eeth/aaua neiaa: eeeiea?iia?aciaaiea, ?aoeeiiaeueiue aiaeec, nu?ueaaua
iaoa?eaeu, ?aaeoeeiiiay niiniaiinoue, aeeieneae oeoaia, eeeiea?iua oacu,
eiyooeoeeaio ianuuaiey, oa?iiaeeiaie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee nu?ueaaie
niane e eeeiea?a, oaiia?aoo?iua caaeneiinoe yioaeueiee, yioaeueieeiay
aeeaa?aiia ?aaeoeee, noaiaea?oiue oaieiaie yooaeo eeeiea?iia?aciaaiey.
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