.

Економічне регулювання розвитку сфери туристичних послуг: Автореф. дис… канд. екон. наук / А.Б. Гайдук, Держ. ун-т ‘Львів. політехніка’. — Л., 1999.

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I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE

AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO “EUeA?ANUeEA IIE?OAOI?EA”

OAeE 338.26:796.51

AAEAeOE AIIA AIAAeAI?AIA

AEIIII?*IA ?AAOETHAAIIss ?ICAEOEO

NOA?E OO?ENOE*IEO IINEOA

Niaoe?aeuei?noue : 08.02.03 – i?aai?caoe?y oi?aae?iiy, ieaioaaiiy ?
?aaoethaaiiy aeiiii?eith

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Euea?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? aeiiii?ee i?aei?e?inoaa ? iaiaaeaeiaioo
Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea” I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe
Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

IAO?IAE* EINEO
IEOAEEIAE*,

Aea?aeaaiee
oi?aa?neoao “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”,

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
aeiiii?ee i?aei?e?inoaa ?

iaiaaeaeiaioo.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

?AAeIEEIAIEI AAEA??E EE?EEIAE*,

*a?i?aaoeueeee
aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao

?i. TH??y
Oaaeueeiae/a,

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e aeiiii?ee
i?aei?e?inoaa;

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

EOCEE NOAIAI IAO?IAE*,

Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao

?i. ?aaia O?aiea,

aeioeaio eaoaae?e aeiiii?/ii? ? nioe?aeueii?

aaia?ao??

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – ?inoeooo i?iaeai ?eieo oa aeiiii?ei-

aeieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie

(i. Iaeana), a?aeae?e aeiiii?/iiai ?aaoethaaiiy

i?e?iaeiei?enooaaiiy

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “7” aeiaoiy 1999 ?. i 15 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 35.052.03 o Aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao?
“Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea” ca aae?anith: 290646, i. Euea?a-13, aoe.
Noaiaia Aaiaea?e, 12, IV ei?ion, aoae. 406.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea” ca aae?anith: 290646, i.
Euea?a-13, aoe. I?ioani?nueea, 1.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “4” aa?aniy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
IAUAIEI ?.I.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy. Inoaii?ie ?ieaie a Oe?a?i?, yea
aieiae?? cia/iei oo?enoe/iei iioaioe?aeii, niinoa??aa?oueny i?aeaeuaiee
?ioa?an a/aieo oa niaoe?ae?no?a aei i?iaeai ?icaeoeo oo?ecio ye
aeniei?aioaaaeueii? aaeoc? aeiiii?ee oa aaaeeeaiai caniao eoeueoo?iiai
?icaeoeo a?iiaaeyi. Iiceoeaii, ui aei oeueiai ieoaiiy c?inoa? oaaaa c
aieo aea?aeaaieo oa i?noeaaeo i?aai?a aeaaee. Na?ae/aiiyi oeueiai ?
i?eeiyoee Aa?oiaiith ?aaeith Oe?a?ie Caeii “I?i oo?eci”, caoaa?aeaeaia
Eaa?iaoii I?i?no??a I?ia?aia ?icaeoeo oo?ecio a Oe?a?i? aei 2005 ?ieo.

Ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo oo?ecio a Oe?a?i? aecia/aoeiooueny ae??th oe?ieiai
niaeo?a i?e?iaeieo, ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo, nioe?aeueieo, aeiiii?/ieo,
iie?oe/ieo /eiiee?a, ye? iathoue /?oei ie?aneaio ?aa?iiaeueio
niaoeeo?eo. E??i oiai, iniaeea?noue nueiaiaei?oiuei? neooaoe?? iieyaa? a
oiio, ui oi?ioaaiiy aeniei?icaeiooi? iaoe?iiaeueii? ?iaeono??? oo?ecio
oa ?? ?ioaa?aoe?y o na?oiaee ?eiie oo?enoe/ieo iineoa iia’ycai? c
iaiao?aei?noth ae??oaiiy aino?eo nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo i?iaeai a
ia??iae o?ainoi?iaoe?? noni?eueii-aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei.

O eiioaeno? neacaiiai oo?eci nueiaiaei? ?icaeyaea?oueny ye iaoe?iiaeueia
yaeua noa?e ?aae?caoe?? i?aa ? iio?aa ethaeeie, ye noa?a oaoiieia??
?aae?caoe?? iio?aa ? iiieoo a ?eieiaeo oiiaao, ye iniaeeaee naeoi?
no/anii? iaoe?iiaeueii? ? ?aa?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee, ye iaa?ae’?iia
neeaaeiaa nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? iie?oeee aea?aeaae ? ?aa?ii?a. Oaeee
i?aeo?ae aei oo?enoe/ii? noa?e aeiaaa? anaa?/ieo oa ooiaeaiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ??ciiiai?oieo aniaeo?a ?? ?icaeoeo. Aaaiiee aianie o
oai??th aeine?aeaeaiiy oa?eoi??aeueieo ?ae?aaoe?eieo nenoai,
iaoiaeieia?th ioe?iee oo?enoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo oa aecia/aiiy
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? eiai aeei?enoaiiy, oi?ioaaiiy oa
?aae?caoe?? oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee c?iaeee a?aeii? oe?a?inuee? a/ai?
Aaeaiaiei I.I., Aaa?ia I.A., Aaeaoeueeee I.O., Aaaeai?/aa E.O., Aain??oe
N.A., A?ei?a E.N., Aeie?oi?e I.?., ?aaeieeiaiei A.E., AEoiainueeee
ss.?., AEeaeoeueeee I.A., AEoe I.A., ?aiaoaiei I.A., E?aaoe?a A.N.,
E?a/eei I.I., Iaaeaoe?anueea I.TH., ?oaeaiei A.I., Oaae?e I.?., a oaeiae
?iicaii? iaoeiaoe? Eania? E., E??iiaiaei?o E., Iiaoianueeee A.,
O?a?? A., Oethiae ?. oa ?i.

Aiaeii/an aeeiai?/iee i?ioean noni?eueieo ia?aoai?aiue a Oe?a?i? oa
?aoi?ioaaiiy aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei aeooae?coaaee i?iaeaio aeai?o
iioeiaeueieo oeyo?a ?icaeoeo iaoe?iiaeueiiai oa ?aa?iiaeueiiai
oo?enoe/iiai ainiiaea?noaa. Oea coiiaeth? ia eeoa iio?aao a oai?aoe/iiio
inieneaii? noo? oa ci?noo noa?e oo?enoe/ieo iineoa, a e noaaeoue ia
ii?yaeie aeaiiee ieoaiiy ?ic?iaeaiiy iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei oi?ioaaiiy aoaeoeaiiai ?eieiaiai iaoai?cio
aeiiii?/iiai ?aaoethaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo oe??? noa?e, cie?aia ia
?aa?iiaeueiiio ??ai?.

Naia oaeee niin?a aeoea?caoe?? aeei?enoaiiy iiooaeiiai oo?enoe/iiai
iioaioe?aeo ? nueiaiaei? iaea?eueo ?aaeueiei, a?aoiaoth/e ae?ae
iaiaaeai? iiaeeeaino? aea?aeaae o o?iainiaiio caaacia/aii? ?icaeoeo
oo?enoe/ii? noa?e. Iaiao?aei?noue iiooeo ?aoe?iiaeueieo oeyo?a
noeioethaaiiy oo?enoe/ieo i?ioean?a aeeeoo?oueny oaeiae ia?niaeoeaith
io?eiaiiy a?ae/ooii? aeiiii?/ii? aeaiaee a?ae oo?enoe/ii? ?iaeono???,
yea iiaea noaoe aaaiiei caniaii icaei?iaeaiiy an??? iaoe?iiaeueii?
aeiiii?ee.

Ioaea, iaoeiaa ? i?aeoe/ia aeooaeuei?noue cacia/aieo i?iaeai coiiaeee
aea?? oaie aeena?oaoe??, aecia/eee ia’?eo ? i?aaeiao, iaoo oa iniiai?
caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeinue o ?aieao iaoeiaiai iai?yio eaoaae?e
aeiiii?ee i?aei?e?inoaa ? iaiaaeaeiaioo Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
“Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”: “?aoi?ioaaiiy i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/iiai
iaoai?cio ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa ? i?aai?caoe?e o a?aeiia?aeiino? aei
?eieiaeo a?aeiinei”, caoaa?aeaeaiiai iaoeiai-oaoi?/iith ?aaeith
Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea” (i?ioieie ? 10 a?ae
04.10.1994 ?.), oa I?ia?aie Iaoeiai? ?aaee IAI Oe?a?ie “?ic?iaea
iaoeiaeo iniia noaeiai ?icaeoeo a Oe?a?i?”. Aeena?oaoe?eia
aeine?aeaeaiiy a?aeiia?aea? iaoeiaiio iai?yio Eii?aeeiaoe?eiiai ieaio ?
68 “Aeiiii?/i? i?iaeaie ?icaoaeiae aea?aeaaiino? Oe?a?ie: aaaeae? oa
noeioee ?icaeoeo ainiiaea?/eo nenoai”, caoaa?aeaeaiiai iaeacii
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie a?ae 13 ethoiai 1997 ?ieo ? 37.

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa aeena?oaoe?? – ?ic?iaeaiiy iaoeiaeo
canaae aeeiai?/iiai ?icaeoeo oa aeiiii?/iiai ?aaoethaaiiy noa?e
oo?enoe/ieo iineoa ? ia-a?oiooaaiiy iaoiae?a i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ??
ooieoe?iioaaiiy a ?eieiaeo oiiaao.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe iaiao?aeii aoei ae??oeoe oae? caaea/?:

· ?ice?eoe oa aena?oeeoe nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iee ci?no iiiyooy “oo?eci”,
aecia/eoe eiai ooieoe?? oa no?oeoo?o;

· aeyaeoe iniaeeaino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy aaeoc? oo?ecio ye nenoaie oa
oaeoi?e aieeao ia ?? ?icaeoie;

· iieacaoe niaoeeo?eo ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa oa
aecia/eoe ia?aiao?e aieeao iniiaieo oaeoi??a ia eiai oi?ioaaiiy;

· i?iaanoe aiae?c i?e?iaeii-?ano?nieo ia?aaeoiia ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii?
noa?e ?c a?aooaaiiyi ?aa?iiaeueii? niaoeeo?ee, aeaoe ioe?ieo
oo?enoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo aeey aeai?o i??i?eoaoieo iai?yi?a eiai
?aoe?iiaeueiiai inai?iiy;

· aeaoe ioe?ieo no/aniiai noaio ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa, aeyaeoe
oaiaeaioe?? oa i?iaeaie eiai ?icaeoeo;

· c’ynoaaoe i?noea oo?ecio a no?aoaa?? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo
?aa?iio oa noi?ioaaoe i?eioeeie ?aae?caoe?? aaeaioiaaii? aei ?aaeueieo
oiia oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee;

· aecia/eoe no?aoaa?/i? iai?yie oa iaoiaee oi?ioaaiiy ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo
iineoa;

· ?ic?iaeoe iaoeia? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy aeiiii?/ieo
iaoiae?a ?aaoethaaiiy ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? noa?e.

Ia’?eoii aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? noa?a oo?enoe/ieo iineoa oa
?? ?io?ano?oeoo?a, a i?aaeiaoii – i?ioean aeiiii?/iiai ?aaoethaaiiy
?icaeoeo noa?e oo?enoe/ieo iineoa oa ?? ?io?ano?oeoo?e.

Oai?aoe/iith ? iaoiaeieia?/iith aacith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ?
ooiaeaiaioaeuei? iieiaeaiiy oai??? ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee, iaoeia? i?aoe?
a?o/eciyieo oa ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo, o yeeo aena?oeaii iaoiaeieia?/i?
canaaee aeine?aeaeaiiy ?ae?aaoe?eieo nenoai, ioe?iee
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy oo?enoe/iiai
iioaioe?aeo, iaoiae?a oi?ioaaiiy ?aa?iiaeueii? iie?oeee ?icaeoeo
oo?ecio, no?oeoo?e ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa oa oi?aae?iiy oo?enoe/ieie
i?ioeanaie, i?iaiae?ciaaii oa ocaaaeueiaii ca?oa?aeiee aeina?ae ?icaeoeo
oo?ecio.

O ?iaio? aeei?enoaii caeiiiaeaa/? oa ii?iaoeai? aeieoiaioe, ui
aaciina?aaeiuei noinothoueny ia’?eoa aeine?aeaeaiiy, cie?aia Caeiie
Oe?a?ie, Oeace I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie, Iinoaiiae Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a, aeoe
i?aeia?iaeieo i?aai?caoe?e.

O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy canoiniaoaaeenue iaoiaee aiae?co, neioaco,
ii??aiyiiy, ocaaaeueiaiiy, nenoaiiiai i?aeoiaeo, a oaeiae noaoenoe/iee,
aaeueiee, ii?iaoeaiee oa ea?oia?ao?/iee iaoiaee.

?ioi?iaoe?eiith aacith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aoee iaoa??aee
Euea?anueeiai iaeaniiai oi?aae?iiy noaoenoeee, aeai? oi?aae?iue oa
a?aeae?e?a Euea?anueei? iaeaea?aeaaei?i?no?aoe??, ?ioi?iaoe?y
Aea?aeeii?oaoo Oe?a?ie ii oo?ecio oa eiai Aaia?aeueiiai aaaionoaa o
Euea?anuee?e iaeano?, e?oa?aoo?i? aeaea?aea, ii?iaoeai? iieacieee.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Iniiaiei iaoeiaei ?acoeueoaoii
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ? eiiieaen oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/ieo iieiaeaiue uiaei
oi?ioaaiiy iie?oeee aeeiai?/iiai ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? noa?e oa ??
aaeaioaoe?? aei ?eieiaeo oiia. Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o oaeiio:

· aeaii aeeaiea oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ci?noo
oo?enoe/ieo i?ioean?a ye niaoeeo?/iiai aeaeo aeiiii?/ii? ae?yeueiino?,
ui aeeiio? noni?eueii iaiao?aei? ooieoe?? a nenoai? oa?eoi??aeueiiai
iiae?eo i?aoe?;

· aecia/aii ia?aiao?e aieeao noeoiiino? oaeoi??a ia oi?ioaaiiy oa
?icaeoie ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa, ?ic?iaeaii ?o eeaneo?eaoe?th c
o?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?ee ae?e ia oo?enoe/i? i?ioeane;

· i?iaaaeaii ioe?ieo oo?enoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo Euea?anueei? iaeano? ia
iniia? ?ic?iaeaii? iaoiaeeee aaeueii? ioe?iee oo?enoe/ii? ao?aeoeaiino?
oa?eoi???, ui aaco?oueny ia a?aooaaii? ye?nieo oa e?euee?nieo
oa?aeoa?enoee oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a;

· iaa?oioiaaia eiioeaioe?y ?aa?iiaeueii? iie?oeee ?icaeoeo oo?ecio, yea
aaco?oueny ia i?eioeeiao nioe?ae?caoe??, aeieia?caoe?? oa
?ioi?iaoecaoe?? noa?e oo?enoe/ieo iineoa;

· ?ic?iaeaii noaio oi?ioaaiiy oo?enoe/ii? ?eieiai? ?io?ano?oeoo?e,
iniiaieie neeaaeiaeie yei? aenooiathoue ?inoeoooe?eia, ?ioi?iaoe?eia oa
?aaeaiaiooth/a i?aenenoaie;

· iaa?oioiaaii iai?yie aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio aeiiii?/iiai
?aaoethaaiiy ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? noa?e, ye? ia?aaeaa/athoue
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a i?aeoeeo oo?enoe/iiai ainiiaea?thaaiiy ?aioieo
ieaoaae?a oa noai?aiiy ni?eyoeeaiai ?aaeeio ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?
a oe?e aaeoc?.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? o oaeiio: ?ic?iaeaia
iaoiaeeea aaeueii? ioe?iee oo?enoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo, iaa?oioiaai?
i?eioeeie oi?io-aaiiy ?aa?iiaeueii? oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee, ?ic?iaeai?
iniiai? iai?yie ia?niae-oeaiiai ?icaeoeo oo?ecio oa iaoiaee eiai
aeiiii?/iiai noeioethaaiiy iiaeooue ciaeoe canoinoaaiiy o i?aeoeoe?
oi?aae?iiy oo?enoe/iith noa?ith ia ??cieo ??aiyo.

?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aaoi?a
aeei?enoai? Aaia?aeueiei aaaionoaii ii oo?ecio o Euea?anuee?e iaeano?,
Cao?aeiioe?a?inueeith Oo?enoe/iith Anioe?aoe??th, Euea?anueeith
i?nueeith ?aaeith oa CAO ii oo?ecio oa aeneo?n?yo “Euea?aoo?eno” i?e
i?aai?caoe?? ? ieaioaaii? ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? ?iaeono??? o Euea?anuee?e
iaeano?.

Ie?ai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? oa i?iiiceoe?? aaoi?a aeei?enoai? i?e
?ic?iaoe? i?aei?ia?aie “?icaeoie ?ae?aaoe?eii? ?iaeono???” Aea?aeaaii?
i?ia?aie nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo Ea?iaonueeiai ?aa?iio
(Iinoaiiaa Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a a?ae 24 o?aaiy 1993 ?ieo ? 368),
I?ia?aie ?icaeoeo oo?ecio o Euea?anuee?e iaeano? aei 2005 ?ieo
(?icii?yaeaeaiiy aieiae Euea?anueei? iaeanii? aea?aeaaii?
aaei?i?no?aoe?? a?ae 7 eenoiiaaea 1997 ?ieo ? 1188), a oaeiae
I?ia?aie aea?aeaaii? i?aeo?eiee eiiieaeniiai ?icaeoeo i?noa Eueaiaa ia
1998-2002 ?iee (Iinoaiiaa Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie a?ae 7 aa?aniy 1998
?ieo ? 1406).

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeei?enoiaothoueny o iaa/aeueieo eo?nao
“Ieaioaaiiy ae?yeueiino? onoaiia iaae?iaie/i? noa?e”, “Ia?eaoeia
iineoa”, “Aeiiii?ea iaae?iaie/i? noa?e” i?e i?aeaioiaoe? oao?aoe?a ca
iai?yiii “Iaiaaeaeiaio” o Aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? “Euea?anueea
iie?oaoi?ea”.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. On? iaoeia? ?acoeueoaoe, aeeeaaeai? a
aeena?oaoe??, io?eiai? aaoi?ii iniaenoi. C iaoeiaeo i?aoeue,
iioae?eiaaieo o ni?aaaoi?noa?, a ?iaio? aeei?enoai? eeoa o? ?aea? oa
iieiaeaiiy, ui ? ?acoeueoaoii iniaenoi? ?iaioe caeiaoaa/a. Eiie?aoiee
aianie caeiaoaa/a a oe? i?aoe? aeacaiee a aaoi?aoa?ao? a ia?ae?eo
iniiaieo ioae?eaoe?e ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
oa ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue aeiiia?aeaeenue aaoi?ii ia
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo, aea io?eiaee noaaeueio ioe?ieo,
cie?aia ia I?aeia?iaeieo iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo
“Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? i?iaeaie aeaeaaie/i-iie?a?ao?/iiai eiiieaeno
(AIE) oa eiai ?io?ano?oeoo?e” (i. Euea?a, 21-22 aa?aciy 1996 ?ieo),
“Ea?iaonueeee ?aa?ii ? i?iaeaie noaeiai ?icaeoeo” (i. ?ao?a, 13-15
aeiaoiy 1998 ?ieo), iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Oai??y ? i?aeoeea
aea?aeaaioai?aiiy a Oe?a?i?: ?noi??y oa no/ani?noue” (i. Euea?a, 7
o?aaiy 1999 ?ieo), a oaeiae ia iaoeiaeo nai?ia?ao oa iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo
eiioa?aioe?yo Aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”.

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iioae?eiaaii
9 iaoeiaeo i?aoeue (iaoeia? noaoo?, oace aeiiia?aeae) caaaeueiei
ianyaii 2,8 ae?oe.a?e., c ieo iniaenoi aaoi?o iaeaaeeoue 2,7
ae?oe.a?e.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c
anooio, o?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (143
iiceoe??), ia? 15 aeiaeaoe?a. Ianya aeena?oaoe?? – 158 noi?.
ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo, i?i?ethno?iaaii o 28 oaaeeoeyo, 6 ?enoieao.

INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe?EII? ?IAIOE

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Oai?aoeei-i?eeeaaei? canaaee ooieoe?iioaaiiy noa?e
oo?enoe/ieo iineoa” aena?oeth?oueny nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iee ci?no
iiiyooy “oo?eci”, aecia/athoueny iniaeeaino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy oo?ecio ye
nenoaie oa oaeoi?e aieeao ia ?? ?icaeoie, aeine?aeaeo?oueny niaoeeo?ea
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa.

O aeena?oaoe?? iieacaii, ui oo?eci ye noni?eueia yaeua a inoaii?
aeanyoee?ooy ia?aoai?th?oueny a iaeio c iaea?eueo aeniei?aioaaaeueieo
aaeocae aeiiii?ee aaaaoueio e?a?i na?oo. Ca aeaieie Anana?oiuei?
oo?enoe/ii? i?aai?caoe?? e?euee?noue oo?eno?a ui?ieo ca?eueoo?oueny a
na?aaeiueiio ia 30 iei. /ieia?e. Oae, o 1996 ?ioe? aoei ca?a?no?iaaii
592 iei. i?eaooo?a oo?eno?a. Ca i?iaiicaie oey oeeo?a c?inoa o 2010
?ioe? aei 900 iei. Ca ia??iae c 1986 ii 1996 ?iee ianyae aeioiae?a a?ae
oo?ecio a na?o? c?inee c 142 aei 423 ie?ae. aeiea??a NOA, oiaoi iaeaea
ao?e/?.

A Oe?a?i?, yea aieiae?? iiooaeiei oo?enoe/iei iioaioe?aeii, oo?eci ua ia
caeiya aaeaeaaoiiai i?noey a no?oeoo?? ainiiaea?nueeiai eiiieaeno,
iacia/iith ? eiai aeiiii?/ia a?aeaea/a. I?e/eie oaeiai noaiiaeua o?aaa
ooeaoe ia o?eueee a ieiuei? i?aeoe/ieo ae?e, a e o iaaeinoaoiueiio
oai?aoe/iiio inieneaii? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? noo? oo?ecio.

O aeena?oaoe?? c?iaeaii aeniiaie i?i oa, ui nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iee
ci?no oo?ecio iaiao?aeii ?icaeyaeaoe e??cue i?ecio aaaaoia?aiiino?
aeeiioaaieo iei ooieoe?e o noni?eueiiio aeeoo?, na?aae yeeo iaea?eueo
aaaeeeaeie ?: iaaeeei-a?ieia?/ia, nioe?aeueia, aeiiii?/ia (ooieoe?y
ieao?aeiiai aaeaino, ae??aithaaiiy, caeiyoino?, aeioiaeo, ae?iaie/a),
?ioaa?aoe?eia, eoeueoo?ii-i?ciaaaeueia, aeieia?/ia, i?aeia?iaeia,
iie?oe/ia. Ia?ae?/ai? ooieoe?? iaaeathoue niaoeeo?/ieo ?en oo?ecio,
yeee, aei oiai ae, ca ianooaaii ? oa?aeoa?ii aieeao ia noni?euei?
i?ioeane ia ia? aiaeia?a na?aae ?ioeo aaeocae aeiiii?ee.

E??i oiai, aeiaaaeaii, ui oo?eci ye noa?a ae?yeueiino? iaae?eaiee on?ia
iciaeaie aaeoc? iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee: iaeii??aei?noth oaoiieia??
ae?iaieoeoaa iineoa, noi?iiaaiith nenoaiith aaei?i?no?aoeaiiai
oi?aae?iiy, iaeii??aeiith ca oe?eueiaei i?ecia/aiiyi i?iaeoeoe??th. Oea
aea? i?aenoaae noaa?aeaeoaaoe i?i ia’?eoeaio iaiao?aei?noue ae?iaeaiiy
/?oei? no?aoaa?? ia?niaeoeaiiai ?icaeoeo oe??? aaeoc? ye ia
iaoe?iiaeueiiio, oae ? ?aa?iiaeueiiio ??aiyo, ?? ?eieiai?
o?ainoi?iaoe??.

I?eioeeiiaee i?aeo?ae aaoi?a a aeine?aeaeaii? oo?ecio iieyaa? a oiio, ui
oo?enoe/ia aaeocue ?icaeyaea?oueny ye ainiiaea?nueea nenoaia. Nenoaiiee
i?aeo?ae aei aiae?co aeiiii?ee oo?ecio ii/aa canoiniaoaaoenue ii??aiyii
iaaeaaii ? aeiaaa? cia/iiai ?icoe?aiiy oa iiaeeaeaiiy. O aeena?oaoe??
oo?enoe/ia nenoaia ?icaeyaea?oueny o aeaeyae? aeaio neeaaeiaeo: noa’?eoa
oo?ecio oa ia’?eoa oo?ecio, ye? ? aeaiaioaie aeaii? nenoaie, a oaeiae,
aiaeii/an, ?? noanenoaiaie, ine?eueee iathoue neeaaeio aioo??oith
i?aai?caoe?th ? aeeiiothoue nai? niaoeeo?/i? ooieoe??. Noa’?eo oo?ecio –
oea ethaeeia, oo?eno, c eiai iioeaaie aei iiaei?iaeae, iio?aaaie,
aeioiaeaie, nioe?aeueiei noaiii oiui. Ia’?eo oo?ecio – oea oa
i?aai?ciaaia ?aei?noue aeaiaio?a, caoiae?a, i?ioean?a, ?acoeueoaoii yei?
? eiiieaen iineoa, caeaoieo caaeiaieueieoe iio?aae niiaeeaa/a. Oaeei
/eiii, iiaeia noi?ioethaaoe oe?eueiao ooieoe?th oo?enoe/ii? nenoaie, yea
iieyaa? o ae?iaeaii? eiiieaeno oo?enoe/ieo iineoa c iaoith caaeiaieaiiy
iio?aa niiaeeaa/?a i?e ?aoe?iiaeueiiio aeei?enoaii? oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a
oa?eoi??e oa iaeii/ani?e aeiiii?/ii-nioe?aeuei?e aeaiae? aeey
noni?euenoaa. Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui a ?iaio? ooieoe?iioaaiiy oo?enoe/ii?
nenoaie ?icaeyaea?oueny o aca?iiiia’ycai?e ?aeiino? ?c oe?e?niei
iaoai?ciii ooieoe?iioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee. Oea aea? i?aenoaae
noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui oo?eci i?ia?anoaaoeia neio?iiii c aeiiii?/iith ?
nioe?aeueiith noaa?e?caoe??th noni?euenoaa ? iaaiaee. ?acii c oei
a?aoiaaii, ui oo?enoe/ia nenoaia ?ioaa?iaaia o nenoaie aeuiai ii?yaeeo,
oae? ye nioe?aeueia, iie?oe/ia, aeieia?/ia oa oaoiieia?/ia na?aaeiaeua.
Oea na?ae/eoue i?i iiaio aca?iiiia’ycai?noue oo?enoe/ii? nenoaie c
aaaaoueia i?ioeanaie noni?eueiiai aeeooy. Oae, aieea ciai?oiueiai
na?aaeiaeua i?iyaey?oueny o ?yae? oaeoi??a, a naia: aeiiii?/ieo,
aeieia?/ieo, nioe?aeueieo, iie?oe/ieo oa aeaiia?ao?/ieo.

O ?iaio? ?ice?eo? iniaeeaino? aaeoc? oo?ecio, ye? coiiaeai?
niaoeeo?eith ae?iaethaaii? iath i?iaeoeoe?? (iineoa): niiaeeaaiiy
oo?enoe/ieo iineoa eieae?ciaaia aei i?noeue ?o ae?iaieoeoaa, ?ioeie
neiaaie, oo?enoe/i? iineoae ia iiaeooue aooe o?ainii?oiaai? a ?aeii
niiaeeaaiiy. ? ae?oaa: o noa?? oo?ecio iaiiaeeeaa noai?aiiy
no?aoaa?/iiai caiano oo?enoe/ieo iineoa aai aeaioiaeaiiy ?o ia neeaae.
Cacia/ai? iniaeeaino? iaaeathoue iaaii? nai???aeiino? ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo
iineoa.

?eiie oo?enoe/ieo iineoa oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iiieoii oa i?iiiceoe??th ?
?icaeyaea?oueny iaie ye noa?a ae?iaieoeoaa oa ?aae?caoe?? oo?enoe/iiai
i?iaeoeoo. O aeena?oaoe?? i?iaaaeaii aiae?c aieeao ??ciiiai?oieo
oaeoi??a ia oi?ioaaiiy iiieoo ia oo?enoe/i? iineoae. Na?aae oaeeo
oaeoi??a aecia/aeueieie aenooiathoue: a?ioia? aeioiaee ianaeaiiy, oe?ie
ia oo?enoe/i? iineoae, aeaiia?ao?/ia neooaoe?y, ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ?iai/iai
? ia?iai/iai /ano, ina?oi?e ??aaiue ianaeaiiy, naciii?noue,
iaoeiai-oaoi?/iee i?ia?an, o?aai?caoe?y, aeieia?/ia neooaoe?y, iie?oe/ia
noaa?euei?noue, ??aaiue cei/eiiino?. O ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co
aeyaeaii iaai? caeiiii??iino? aca?iica’yceo i?ae a?ioiaeie aeioiaeaie
ianaeaiiy oa iiieoii ia oo?enoe/i? iineoae, anoaiiaeaii oaiaeaioe?? oa
ia?aiao?e aieeao ?ioeo oaeoi??a ia oi?ioaaiiy oo?enoe/iiai ?eieo.

Ia i?aenoaa? e?eoe/iiai aiae?co ?nioth/eo i?aeoiae?a aei aea/aiiy
no?oeoo?e oo?enoe/iiai iiieoo a ?iaio? cai?iiiiiaaia noaia naaiaiooaaiiy
oo?enoe/iiai ?eieo ca?aeii c eeaneo?eaoe?eieie e?eoa??yie, a naia:
aaia?ao?/iei, nioe?i-aeaiia?ao?/iei oa ineoieiai-iiaaae?ieiaei.

Cia/io oaaao a aeena?oaoe?? i?eae?eaii aeyaeaiith iniaeeainoae
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ??cieo a?oi i?aei?e?inoa ia oo?enoe/iiio ?eieo Oe?a?ie,
cie?aia cania?a ?ici?uaiiy oo?eno?a oa oo?iia?aoi??a ? i?iaiae?ciaaii ?o
aianie o noai?aiiy eiiieaeniiai oo?enoe/iiai i?iaeoeoo.

Ine?eueee ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa a?oioo?oueny ia
aaeain? iiieoo ? i?iiiceoe??, a ?iaio? ?icaeyaeathoueny oaeiae oaeoi?e,
ye? aecia/athoue iiaeeeaino? caaeiaieaiiy oo?enoe/iiai iiieoo. Na?aae
oaeeo oaeoi??a aieiaieie aenooiathoue: iayai?noue oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a,
iaeaaeiee ??aaiue caaaeueii? ?io?ano?oeoo?e, i?aai?caoe?y oi?aae?iiy
oo?enoe/iei i?ioeanii, caeiiiaeaa/a i?aeo?eiea oo?ecio c aieo aea?aeaae.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Ia?aaeoiiae oa oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo noa?e
oo?enoe/ieo iineoa” i?iaaaeaii aiae?c i?e?iaeii-?ano?nieo oaeoi??a
?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? noa?e c a?aooaaiiyi ?aa?iiaeueii? niaoeeo?ee,
?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo aaeueii? ioe?iee oo?enoe/ii? ao?aeoeaiino?
oa?eoi???, ia ?? iniia? aeaii ioe?ieo oo?enoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo
Euea?anueei? iaeano?, i?iaiae?ciaaii no/aniee noai oi?ioaaiiy oa
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa iaeano?.

C iaoith aecia/aiiy iaea?eueo ia?niaeoeaieo oa?eoi??e i??i?eoaoiiai
?icaeoeo oo?ecio aeena?oaioii aoea cae?eniaia aaeueia ioe?iea i?e?iaeieo
oa ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a Euea?anueei? iaeano? a
?ic??c? aaei?i?no?aoeaieo ?aeii?a. Ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaieo o aeena?oaoe??
ioe?ii/ieo e?eoa???a oa aaeueieo oeae ioe?ithaaeenue ye?ni? oa
e?euee?ni? ia?aiao?e aeaio a?oi ?ano?n?a: i?e?iaeieo (aaeueiaieia?/ieo,
e?niaeo, aiaeieo ?ano?n?a, i?e?iaeii-caiia?aeieo ia’?eo?a) oa
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo (a?o?oaeoo?ieo, a?oaieia?/ieo, ?noi?e/ieo iai’yoie,
iai’yoie ienoaoeoaa, ioca?a) oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a.

Ca?aeii c ?ic?iaeaiith aaoi?ii iaoiaeeeith i?iiiio?oueny ioe?ithaaoe
?ano?ne ca 100-aaeueiith oeaeith ii eiaei?e c a?oi. A?aeiia?aeii aei
cia/eiino? iaaiiai aeaeo ?ano?n?a ciaoiaeyoue ?iciiae?e aae?a aeey ieo o
iaaeao eiaeii? c a?oi. Iaeneiaeueia e?euee?noue aae?a ca iaaiei aeaeii
?ano?no i?enaith?oueny ?aeiio, yeee, c o?aooaaiiyi on?o ioe?ieiaeo
e?eoa???a, ? e?aea?ii ca oeei aeaeii ?ano?no, ? iaoiaeii i?iii?oe??
aecia/a?oueny, a?aeiia?aeii, aae aeey on?o ?ioeo ?aeii?a c
ieae/eie iieacieeaie. Aaeueio ioe?ieo oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a o ?ic??c?
aaei?i?no?aoeaieo ?aeii?a i?iiiio?oueny cae?enithaaoe ca oi?ioeith:

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aea
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0101000300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010200 – noia?ia
aaeueia ioe?iea oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a iaaii? a?oie aeey
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0000000000000000000000ffffff00000000e?euee?noue aeae?a ?ano?n?a;

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0000000000 iaeneiaeueia e?euee?noue aae?a, ui iiaea aooe i?enai?ia
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000000000000000000000076000053000000796d62-io aeaeo ?ano?no a?aeiia?aeii
aei aaeueii? oeaee;
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00 /eneiaa cia/aiiy ioe?iee
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0000000000000000000000000000ffffff00000000-ai ?ano?no a
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0004000000f00101000300000000000000000000000000a72900ffffff00797374.

Oaeei niiniaii ioe?iththoueny ca 100-aaeueiith oeaeith ie?aii a?oia
i?e?iaeieo oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a oa a?oia ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo
oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a, a iio?i ?acoeueoaoe aaeueii? ioe?iee eiaeii? c
a?oi ?ano?n?a i?aenoiiaothoueny. Ioe?ieia? e?eoa??? aeey eiaeiiai aeaeo
?ano?no a iaaeao iaaii? a?oie oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a aeae?athoueny
a?aeiia?aeii aei niaoeeo?ee oeeo ?ano?n?a.

Ca?aeii c i?iaaaeaiith ioe?ieith iaea?eueoee oo?enoe/iee iioaioe?ae ia?
Ae?iaiaeoeueeee ?aeii. Ia iniia? io?eiaieo aaeueieo ioe?iie i?iaaaeaii
a?oioaaiiy ?aeii?a ca aaee/eiith oo?enoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo (oaae. 1).

Oaaeeoey 1

A?oioaaiiy ?aeiiia ia iniiai noia?ii? aaeueii? ioeiiee

i?e?iaeieo oa inoi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a

A?oie?aeiie1 a?oia (iiiaae 100 aae?a)Ae?iaiaeoeueeee, No?eenueeee??
a?oia (81 – 100 aae?a)Aonueeee, Nieaeuenueeee, AEeaea/?anueeee??? a?oia
(61 – 80 aae?a)AEiae?anueeee, ssai??anueeee, Noa?inaia??nueeee,
Neie?anueeee, Ia?aieoeyinueeee, Ionoiieo?anueeee, Ieeiea?anueeee,
Ciei/?anueeee?V a?oia (41 – 60 aae?a)Naia??nueeee, A?iae?anueeee,
?aaeao?anueeee, Oo?e?anueeee, Ai?iaeioeueeee, Eai’yiei-AocueeeeV a?oia
(21 – 40 aae?a)Iinoenueeee

Aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y yeino? oa ei?eniino? oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a aecia/a? aaco
aeey ooai?aiiy aeeoa?aioe?aeueii? ?aioe, iaei??? c oi?i
oo?enoe/ii? ?aioe. Ine?eueee

nooi?iue i?eaaaeeaino? oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a ??ciee, oi oea coiiaeth?
iaiao?aei?noue iinoaiiaee ieoaiiy ? i?i eaaeano?iao ioe?ieo oeeo
?ano?n?a. ?ic?iaeaia a aeena?oaoe?? iaoiaeeea aaeueii? ioe?iee iiaea
noaoe aaaeeeaith neeaaeiaith oaei? ioe?iee oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a.

O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaaaeaii aeaoaeueiee aiae?c no/aniiai noaio
?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? ?iaeono??? o Euea?anuee?e iaeano?. Oae, anaa?/ia
oa?aeoa?enoeea i?e?iaeieo oa ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?ieo oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a
aeicaiey? eiinoaooaaoe, ui Euea?aueia aieiae?? cia/iei oo?enoe/iei
iioaioe?aeii, yeee nueiaiaei? aeei?enoiao?oueny iaaeinoaoiuei.
Iacaaaeath/e ia iaai? aeiiii?/i? o?oaeiiu?, e?euee?noue noa’?eo?a
oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? o Euea?anuee?e iaeano? i?iaeiaaeoaaea c?inoaoe.
Oea a?aeaoaaeinue, iniiaiei /eiii, ca ?aooiie ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino?
oo?iia?aoi??a, 90% yeeo i???ioothoueny ia ae?ciee oo?eci. O caaaeuei?e
e?eueeino? noa’?eo?a oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? o 1997 ?ioe? /anoea
oo?iia?aoi??a noaiiaeea 71,6%, a a caaaeueiiio ianyc? ?aae?caoe??
oo?enoe/ieo iineoa – 28,6%. Aeey ii??aiyiiy cacia/eii, ui ia 1%
e?eueeino? i?aei?e?inoa ?ici?uaiiy i?eiaaea? 2,25% caaaeueiiai ianyao
?aae?caoe?? oo?enoe/ieo iineoa, oiae? ye aeey oo?iia?aoi??a oeae
iieaciee noaiiaeoue 0,42%, ui na?ae/eoue i?i ?o iecueeo
i?aei?e?iieoeueeo aeoeai?noue.

Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a ae?yeueiino? oo?enoe/ieo i?aai?caoe?e iieaco?, ui o
1997 ?ioe? 62,63% ianyao ?aae?caoe?? oo?enoe/ieo iineoa i?eiaaeaei ia
aioaeueia ainiiaea?noai. Na?aaei?e ??aaiue caaaioaaeaiino? aioae?a
noaiiaea a?ae 9% aei 20%. Oea i?ecaaei aei oiai, ui 50% on?o aioae?a o
1997 ?ioe? aoee caeoeiaeie. Aeey i?eaooeiaeo aioaeueieo i?aei?e?inoa
??aaiue ?aioaaaeueiino? noaiiaea a?ae 10,04% (CAO aioaeue “Euea?a”) aei
158,77% (“A?aiae-Aioaeue”).

O 1997 ?ioe? a oo?enoe/i?e noa?? aoei caeiyoi 1250 /ieia?e, ui
noaiiaeoue iaioa 1% na?aaeiuei??/ii? /enaeueiino? caeiyoeo a ia?iaeiiio
ainiiaea?noa? Euea?anueei? iaeano?.

sseui aiai?eoe i?i ooieoe?iioaaiiy oo?enoe/ii? ?iaeono??? o
Euea?anuee?e iaeano? caaaeii, oi o 1997 ?ioe? eiaeia o?aoy i?aai?caoe?y
c iaaeaiiy oo?enoe/ieo iineoa aoea caeoeiaith. O caaaeueiiio ianyc?
aaeiaiai i?iaeoeoo o Euea?anuee?e iaeano? aeioiaee a?ae oo?enoe/ii?
aaeoc? noaiiaeee eeoa 0,37%, a a ianyc? ?aae?caoe?? ieaoieo iineoa –
2,25%. O caaaeueiiio aenii?o? iineoa /anoea oo?ecio o 1997 ?ioe?
noaiiaeea 1,54%. Iaaaaeai? aeai? na?ae/aoue i?i iacia/iee aianie
oo?enoe/ii? aaeoc? a aeiiii?eo iaeano?.

Iacaaaeath/e ia caaaeai? iaaaoeai? oaiaeaioe?? a oo?eci?, ianya aaeiaeo
iaaeoiaeaeaiue a?ae oe??? aaeoc? a 1997 ?ioe? c??n ii??aiyii c 1995
?ieii o 2,62 ?aca, a ianya aaethoieo iaaeoiaeaeaiue – o 2,52 ?aca.
Ioaea, i?e c?inoaii? ianyao oo?enoe/ieo iineoa aoaeoeai?noue oo?enoe/ii?
aaeoc? a iaeano? a ?nioth/eo aeiiii?/ieo oiiaao caeeoa?oueny iecueeith.

Ca ia??iae 1995 – 1997 ?ie?a ?eiie ae?ciiai oo?ecio ca /enaeuei?noth
oo?eno?a cia/ii aeia?aaeaeoaaa ?eiie ?iicaiiiai, i?aeoe/ii iaaeaea
aeoeai?noue i?aei?e?inoa ia ?eieo aioo??oiueiai oo?ecio o ca’yceo c
iecueeith ieaoini?iiiaei?noth a?iiaaeyi oa aenieeie oe?iaie ia iineoae.
Oae, ia 66,7% cieceeanue /enaeuei?noue i?eeiyoeo a iaeano? a?o/eciyieo
oo?eno?a. Ia?aeiieeaei aeieacii iaiao?aeiino? i???ioaoe?? ia ?iicaiiee
oa aioo??oi?e oo?eci ? aeua ?o aoaeoeai?noue ii??aiyii c i?aeia?iaeiei.
Oae, /enaeuei?noue i?eeiyoeo ?iicaiieo oo?eno?a o 4,6 ?aca iaioa a?ae
/enaeueiino? a?aei?aaeaieo ca ei?aeii oe?a?inueeeo iiaei?iaeoth/eo. I?e
oeueiio ianya iineoa, iaaeaieo ?iicaiiei oo?enoai, o 2,7 ?aca
ia?aaeuoaaa aiaeia?/iee iieaciee aeey iiaei?iaeoth/eo ca ei?aeii
oe?a?inueeeo oo?eno?a. Iacaaaeath/e ia oea, aeiiii?/i? oiiae ni?eythoue
i???ioaoe?? oo?enoe/iiai i?aei?e?iieoeoaa ia ae?ciee oo?eci.

Na?aae e?a?i, c yeeo ia?aaaaeii i?eaoaaee oo?enoe o Euea?anueeo
iaeanoue o 1995-1997 ?ieao, aoee ?in?y (27,1%), Iieueua (11,4%), NOA
(10,6%), I?ia//eia (9,1%). A aaniethoiiio a?aeiioaii? cia/ii ciaioeany
iio?e oo?eno?a ?c NOA, e?a?i NIAe (e??i ?in??). Iniiaieie e?a?iaie, ye?
i?eeiaee oo?eno?a c iaeano?, ? o?aaeeoe?eii Iieueua, *ao?y, Neiaa//eia,
Aieaa??y, Oo?a//eia.

Caaaeii, ye na?ae/eoue aiae?c, ii?yae c ?nioaaiiyi neeaaeieo i?iaeai,
iai?oeeenue iaai? iiceoeai? oaiaeaioe?? a ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/iiai ?eieo
Euea?aueie, noaa?e?coaaeenue no?oeoo?a oa iai?yie oo?enoe/ieo iioie?a.
Oi/a, ia oii? cia/iiai oo?enoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo aeinyaiooee ??aaiue
aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? oo?ecio a iaeano? ne?ae aaaaeaoe iecueeei. O
ca’yceo c oeei aeooaeueiith caeeoa?oueny i?iaeaia iiooeo cia/ii
ae??a?oeo cania?a aeoea?caoe?? oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee oa iaoai?ci?a
aeiiii?/iiai ni?eyiiy ?icaeoeo oo?ecio.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “Iaoiaee aeiiii?/iiai ?aaoethaaiiy ?icaeoeo noa?e
oo?enoe/ieo iineoa” iaa?oioiaai? i?aeoiaee aei oi?ioaaiiy ?aa?iiaeueii?
iie?oeee ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? noa?e, noai?aiiy oo?enoe/ii? ?eieiai?
?io?ano?oeoo?e, a oaeiae cai?iiiiiaai? iaoiaee aeiiii?/iiai
noeioethaaiiy ?icaeoeo noa?e oo?enoe/ieo iineoa.

I?enei?aia oi?ioaaiiy oeea?e?ciaaii? noa?e oo?enoe/ieo iineoa ? iaeiei
c eeth/iaeo caaaeaiue oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee, i?ae yeith ne?ae ?icoi?oe
nenoaio iai???a ? ae?e, ni?yiiaaieo ia noai?aiiy iaiao?aeieo oiia aeey
ae?iaieoeoaa oo?enoe/ieo iineoa oa caaacia/aiiy ?o ?aae?caoe?? ca
aeiiiiiaith cania?a ? iaoiae?a, aaeaioiaaieo aei eiie?aoii?
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? neooaoe??.

Aiae?coth/e ca?oa?aeiee oa a?o/eciyiee aeina?ae ?aae?caoe??
ainiiaea?nueei? iie?oeee a noa?? oo?ecio, aaoi? ae?eoia aeniiaeo, ui a
Oe?a?i? oo?enoe/ia iie?oeea ciaoiaeeoueny a noaae?? oi?ioaaiiy, a ??
?aae?caoe?y, ianaiia?aae, caeaaeeoue a?ae aeiiii?/ieo /eiiee?a. Ca oaeeo
oiia aeo?ae ?c neooaoe?? aaa/a?oueny a aeoea?caoe?? oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee
ia ?aa?iiaeueiiio ??ai?, iiooeo iao?aaeeoe?eieo aeaea?ae o?iainoaaiiy
oo?enoe/ii? noa?e oa ai?iaaaeaeaii? iaoiae?a aeiiii?/iiai noeioethaaiiy
?? ?icaeoeo.

O ?iaio? noi?ioeueiaaii i?eioeeie oi?ioaaiiy oa ?aae?caoe??
?aa?iiaeueii? oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee, na?aae yeeo iniiaieie ? oae?:

– i?eioeei a?aeiia?aeiino?, ui a?aeia?aaea? a?aeiia?aei?noue
?aa?iiaeueii? oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee aea?aeaai?e oo?enoe/i?e iie?oeoe?;

– i?eioeei ocaiaeaeaiino? c ?aa?iiaeueiith iie?oeeith caaaeii;

– i?eioeei ???a?o?/iino?, aea eiaeia eaiea oi?aae?inueei? aa?oeeae?
oo?enoe/ii? aaeoc? iiaeiia /?oei aeeiioaaoe nai? ooieoe?? a oi?aae?ii?.
C iaeyaeo ia oea, iniaeeao ?ieue iio??aii a?aeaanoe ?aa?iiaeueiei oa
i?noeaaei i?aaiai oi?aae?iiy;

– i?eioeei ?aoe?iiaeueiiai ii?aeiaiiy aeiiii?/iiai oa nioe?aeueiiai
e?eoa???a o oo?enoe/i?e iie?oeoe?, ui caaacia/eoue, ii?yae c
aeiiii?/iith aeaiaeith, iaeii/anii ? o?iainiao i?aeo?eieo aeey
?aae?caoe?? nioe?aeueieo caaaeaiue;

– i?eioeei eiiieaeniino? ?ethno?o? ?icaeoie oo?enoe/ii? aaeoc? o
eiiieaen? c ?ioeie, ui caaacia/othoue oo?enoe/io noa?o ? aecia/athoue
nioe?aeueii-?io?ano?oeoo?iee noai ?aa?iio;

– i?eioeei ia’?eoeaiino? a?aeia?aaea? a?aeiia?aei?noue oaii?a ?
ianooaa?a oo?enoe/iiai inai?iiy oa?eoi??? ia’?eoeaiei iiaeeeainoyi
o?iainiai-?ano?niiai caaacia/aiiy i?iaeo?a ? i?ia?ai;

– i?eioeei neio?ii?caoe?? icia/a?, ui oaeaee?noue ?aae?caoe??
oo?enoe/ieo i?ia?ai oa ?i?oe?aoea ia? a?aeiia?aeaoe oaiiai
cae?enithaaieo aeiiii?/ieo ?aoi?i;

– i?eioeei caaacia/aiiy aioo??oiuei? oa ciai?oiuei? eiiaa?oiaaiino?
oo?enoe/ieo iineoa i???ioo?oueny ia a?ae?iaeaeaiiy ye aioo??oiueiai, oae
? ciai?oiueiai oo?ecio.

C?iaeaii aeniiaie i?i oa, ui i?e oi?ioaaii? oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee
aaaeeeaei ? ia o?eueee ieoaiiy caaacia/aiiy i?aeaaeocaaeo i?iii?oe?e a
ainiiaea?nueeiio eiiieaen? ?aa?iio, a e ocaiaeaeaiiy oaii?a ? ianooaa?a
?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? ?iaeono??? c i?ioeanaie aeiiii?/ieo ia?aoai?aiue a
aea?aeaa?.

O aeena?oaoe?? cai?iiiiiaaia eiioeaioe?y ia?niaeoeaiiai ?icaeoeo
oo?ecio, yea aaco?oueny ia i?eioeeiao nioe?ae?caoe??, aeieia?caoe?? oa
?ioi?iaoecaoe?? oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?. ?ic?iaeai? no?aoaa?/i? iai?yie
?? ?aae?caoe?? iieacai? ia ?en. 1.

Iaaeaiiy oo?enoe/iei i?ioeanai nioe?aeueii i???ioiaaiiai oa?aeoa?o ?
aaaaoi-a?aiiith i?iaeaiith, yea aeoiaeeoue aeaeaei ca ?aiee
o?aaeeoe?eiiai ?icoi?iiy nioe?aeue-ii? aoaeoeaiino? oo?ecio. Ine?eueee
aecia/aeueiei oaeoi?ii oe?iei? aeinooiiino? oo?enoe/ieo iineoa ? oe?ie,
oi, a?aoiaoth/e aeioiaee iniiaii? iane aeeoae?a Oe?a?ie, iiaeia
noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui i?iaeaia nioe?ae?caoe?? oo?ecio iiaeiia ae??ooaaoenue
ca ?aooiie oi?ioaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo aioo??oiueiai ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa.

’’

Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui nioe?ae?caoe?y oo?ecio ia? a?aeaoaaoeny ia o?eueee a
iai?yi? caeo/aiiy aei oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? oe?ieeo aa?noa
ianaeaiiy, a e /a?ac noai?aiiy iaiao?aeieo oiia aeey i?aai?caoe??
ei?ioeio?eaaeiai a?aeii/eieo. O eiioaeno? nioe?ae?caoe?? oa ia?oia?noaa
ne?ae ?icaeyaeaoe iiaeaeueoo i???ioaoe?th oo?ecio ia iaoe?iiaeuei?
oe?iiino?, ui ni?eyoeia eiinie?aeaoe?? oa aeooiaiiio a?ae?iaeaeaiith
oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo.

Ae?oaei aaaeeeaei iai?yiii ?icaeoeo oo?ecio ? eiai aeieia?caoe?y.
Aeoo-aeuei?noue oeueiai ieoaiiy iiynith?oueny ia eeoa iaiao?aei?noth
caa?aaeaiiy i?e?iaeiiai na?aaeiaeua a i?ioean? oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?,
a e no??ieei c?inoaiiyi iiioey?iino? iiaiai aeaeo oo?ecio –
aeieia?/iiai. Ca aeaieie Anana?oiuei? oo?enoe/ii? i?aai?caoe??, ia
aeieia?/iee oo?eci i?eiaaea? 7% – 10% on?o aeioiae?a a?ae oo?ecio o
na?o?.

Ieoaiiy aeieia?caoe?? o?aaa ?icaeyaeaoe a o?ueio aniaeoao.

Ii-ia?oa, ?icaeoie aeania aeieia?/iiai oo?ecio, ui iia’ycaiee c
a?aea?aeoaaiiyi “aeeei?” i?e?iaee, aecioe/ieo i?e?iaeieo eaiaeoaoo?a oa
ia’?eo?a.

Ii-ae?oaa, i?i?i?caoe?y aieeao oo?enoe/ieo ia’?eo?a ia noai aeiae?eey:
i?eie-iaiiy neeaeaiiy caa?oaeiaieo noie?a o aiaeieie, e?ea?aeaoe?y
iiaooiaeo a?aeoiae?a oiui.

Ii-o?ao?, ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aeieia?/ii /enoeo oaoiieia?e ia an?o noaae?yo
iaaeaiiy oo?enoe/ieo iineoa, aeio?eiaiiy ii?i ?ae?aaoe?eiiai
iaaaioaaeaiiy ia i?e?iaei? eaiaeoaooe.

O ?iaio? noi?ioeueiaai? iniiai? caaaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoecaoe?? ?eieo
oo?enoe/ieo iineoa, aei yeeo iaeaaeaoue: iiioey?ecaoe?y
oo?enoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo ?aa?iio /a?ac caniae ianiai? ?ioi?iaoe??,
ia?aaeo Internet, aeaeaiiy aenieiye?nieo aoeeao?a, ioo?aiee?a, ea?o
oiui; iaeaaiaeaeaiiy iiooaeii? ?aeeaie a noa?? oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?;
i?iaaaeaiiy ia?eaoeiaiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue aeeiai?ee ? oaiaeaioe?e
oo?enoe/ieo i?ioean?a, aea/aiiy ? i?iaiicoaaiiy iiieoo ia oo?enoe/i?
iineoae, aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aeia?iaeiiai oo?enoe/iiai ?eieo;
iaeaaiaeaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai ca’yceo i?ae noa’?eoaie oo?enoe/ii?
ae?yeueiino? /a?ac ai?iaaaeaeaiiy no/anieo eiii’thoa?ieo oaoiieia?e.

O aeena?oaoe?? c?iaeaii aeniiaie i?i oa, ui iaei??th c eeth/iaeo i?iaeai
?icaeoeo oo?ecio ? oi?ioaaiiy ?inoeooo?a ?eieiai? ?io?ano?oeoo?e a oe?e
noa??. I?ae oo?enoe/iith ?eieiaith ?io?ano?oeoo?ith (O??N) ie ?icoi??ii
noeoii?noue aeaiaio?a, ye? caaacia/othoue ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa aca?iiae?th
noa’?eo?a oo?enoe/ii? noa?e ? ?aaoeththoue ?oo iaoa??aeueieo,
o?iainiaeo, ?ioi?iaoe?eieo iioie?a i?ae ieie ? ciai?oi?i na?aaeiaeuai.
O??N iiaeaia o aeaeyae? o?ueio iniiaieo neeaaeiaeo: ?inoeoooe?eii?,
?ioi?iaoe?eii?, ?aaeaiaiooth/i? (?en. 2).

?inoeoooe?eio iniiao O??N oi?iothoue ?inoeoooe caaaeueiiai oa
niaoe?aeueiiai i?ecia/aiiy, ye? caaacia/othoue ooieoe?iioaaiiy an?o
noa’?eo?a oo?enoe/iiai i?ioeano ? ?oo iaoa??aeueieo, o?iainiaeo oa
?ioi?iaoe?eieo iioie?a.

Ae?oaith neeaaeiaith O??N ?: ?ioi?iaoe?y oa no?oeoo?e, ui caaacia/othoue
?? iioiee. ?ioi?iaoe?eia neeaaeiaa ? aaaeeeaei aeaiaioii O??N, ine?eueee
caaacia/o? ca’ycie ye i?ae i?aenenoaiaie oo?enoe/ii?
nenoaie, oae ? aacia?a?aiee aca?iiee iai?i ?ioi?iaoe??th i?ae iath oa
ciai?oi?i na?aaeiaeuai. Aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai
caaacia/aiiy iiynith?oueny ia o?eueee iaiao?aei?noth iino?eiiai
?aaaoaaiiy ia a?aeiia?aei? neaiaee oa i?eeiyooy aaeaeaaoieo
oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue, a e oei, ui ?ioi?iaoe?y ia?aoai?th?oueny a
niaoeeo?/iee oo?enoe/iee ?ano?n.

O?aoy neeaaeiaa O??N – ?aaeaiaiooth/a. Aiia a?oioo?oueny ia
caeiiiaeaa/eo oa ii?iaoeaieo aeoao, ye? ?aaoeththoue a?aeiineie i?ae
noa’?eoaie oo?enoe/iiai i?ioeano oa ?aaeaiaioothoue ?o ae?yeuei?noue.

Ia iniaeeao oaaao caneoaiao? aiae?c neooaoe?? ?c niaoe?ae?ciaaieie
?inoeoooe?yie a O??N, ye? a aeaiee /an ? neaai ?icaeiaieie. Oae, ia
oo?enoe/iiio ?eieo iaeaea a?aenooi? ?aeeaii? oo?enoe/i? i?aei?e?inoaa,
i?aei?e?inoaa c o?iainoaaiiy oo?enoe/ieo iiaei?iaeae,
niaoe?ae?ciaai? oo?enoe/i? ia?eaoeiaia? neoaeae. ?o ooieoe??
aeeiiothoue /anoeiai nai? oo?enoe/i? i?aei?e?inoaa, a /anoeiai no?oeoo?e
caaaeueii? ?inoeoooe?iiaeueii? neeaaeiai? O??N.

O ?iaio? aaaeeeaa i?noea a?aeaaaeaii i?iaeai? cai?iaaaeaeaiiy aoaeoeaieo
iaoai?ci?a aeiiii?/iiai noeioethaaiiy ?icaeoeo oo?ecio. Iiaa eaea,
ianaiia?aae, i?i iaiao?aei?noue oaeineiiaeaiiy i?aaee oa ii?i
aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei o oo?enoe/i?e noa??. O oeueiio iai?yi? eeth/iaeie
? o?e aniaeoe: a) o?iainoaaiiy oo?ecio; a) iiaeaoeiaa iie?oeea a
oe?e noa??; a) aca?iia?aeiineie i?ae i?aaiaie aeaaee oa noa’?eoaie
oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?.

C?iaeaii aeniiaie, ui ae??oaiith caaaeaieo i?iaeai ni?eyei ae
cai?iaaae-aeaiiy a i?aeoeeo iaoai?cio aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei,
iiaoaeiaaiiai ia i?eioeeiao oo-?enoe/ii? ?aioe. Aeaea?aeii iioiaeaeaiiy
oo?enoe/ii? ?aioe ? a?eueo ni?eyoeea? i?e-?iaei? oa aeiiii?/i? oiiae
ainiiaea?thaaiiy oo?enoe/ieo ia’?eo?a, ye? aenieoaoothoue e?euee?nii
iaiaaeai? oo?enoe/i? ?ano?ne – i?e?iaei?, ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?i?,
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?. A ye?niiio aniaeo? oe? ?ano?ne
aeeoa?aioe?eiaai?, aeaye? c ieo oi?eaeuei?. I?iiiceoe?y ? iiieo ia ieo
oi?iothoue ?aaeueio ?eieiao oe?io oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a. Ioaea, noai?ai?
a i?ioean? aeei?enoaiiy oeeo ?ano?n?a oo?enoe/i? iineoae iathoue an?
iciaee oiaa?o. O ?eieiaeo oiiaao naia e?euee?nia iaiaaeai?noue oa ye?nia
aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a ia’?eoeaii coiiaeththoue
a?aei?iiino? a ?acoeueoaoao ainiiaea?nueeiai aeei?enoaiiy oeeo ?ano?n?a.
Iaoa??aeueiei i?iyaii oeeo a?aei?iiinoae ? aeiaeaoeiaee i?eaooie
(iaaei?eaooie), ui ? aa?o?niith iniiaith oo?enoe/ii? ?aioe.

O ca’yceo c oeei o ?iaio? iaa?oioiaaia aeioe?euei?noue cai?iaaaeaeaiiy
iaoai?cio ?aioieo ieaoaae?a o i?aeoeeo oo?enoe/iiai ainiiaea?thaaiiy,
yeee i?iiiio?oueny iiaoaeoaaoe ia oaeeo aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaeo canaaeao:

1. I?iaiaeeoueny aeaoaeueiee aiae?c ae?th/i? nenoaie iiiaeaoeoaaiiy
an?o ia’?eo?a oa aeae?a oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? oa aeiiii?/ieo
?acoeueoao?a ooieoe?iioaaiiy oo?enoe/ieo ia’?eo?a. E?ioeaaei
?acoeueoaoii an??? aiae?oe/ii? ?iaioe iathoue noaoe eiie?aoi?
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei aii?yaeeoaaiiy nenoaie i?noeaaeo iiaeaoe?a oa
cai??a, iaa?oiooaaiiy aaee/eie ?aioieo ieaoaae?a.

2. Cae?enith?oueny ?iaaioa?ecaoe?y an?o oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a iaeano? oa
?o aeaniee?a, a oaeiae an?o noa’?eo?a oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?. Eia?/iei
i?iaeiaaeaiiyi oeeo ?ia?o ia? noaoe noai?aiiy oo?enoe/iiai eaaeano?o.

3. I?ae aea?aeaaieie oa i?noeaaeie i?aaiaie aeaaee – aeanieeaie
oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a oa noa’?eoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy – ei?enooaa/aie
iiaeii? oeeaaeaoeny oaiaee i?i ?iciaaeoaaiiy i?aa aeaniino? a i?ioean?
aeei?enoaiiy oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a. O oeeo oaiaeao /?oei iaoiiaeththoueny
i?aaa iaio noi??i, aecia/athoueny oi?ie ?aioieo ieaoaae?a, ianyae oa
oa?i?ie ?o nieaoe.

4. I?ioyaii iaeaeeae/iai ia??iaeo iaea?eueo aeioe?eueii oo?enoe/io
?aioo noyaoaaoe c aaeiai? ae?o/ee, oiaoi a?ae ianyao ?aae?caoe??
oo?enoe/ieo iineoa.

5. Aeioe?eueii anoaiiaeoe ?aeeio aeey an?o noa’?eo?a oo?enoe/iiai
ainiiaea?thaaiiy noaaeo ?aioieo ieaoaae?a. Ia iao iiaeyae, aiia iiaeiia
aooe iaaaeeeith ? noaiiaeoe, iai?eeeaae, 8% a?ae ianyao ?aae?caoe??
oo?enoe/ieo iineoa. Ciaioaiiy noaaee aoaea eiiiainiaaii ca?eueoaiiyi
e?eueeino? ?aaeueieo ieaoiee?a, a oiio iiaeia aiaaiaii i?iaiicoaaoe
c?inoaiiy ianya?a o?iainiaeo iaaeoiaeaeaiue.

6. Aeei?enoaiiy oo?enoe/ii? ?aioe iiaeiii iaoe aeiyoeiai oe?eueiaee
oa?aeoa?, oiaoi an? eiooe iiaeii? eoe ia ?icaeoie oo?ecio.

7. Aeioe?eueii anoaiiaeoe oae? i?iii?oe?? oo?enoe/ii? ?aioe: iieiaeio
noie 8-i?ioeaioii? noaaee oo?enoe/ia i?aai?caoe?y ia?a?aoiao? o
i?noeaaee athaeaeao, ae?oao iieiaeio caeeoa? a nai?io ?icii?yaeaeaii?
aeey naii?icaeoeo. Oo?enoe/ia ?aioa, yeui aiia ni?yiiao?oueny ia
?iaanooaaiiy oo?enoe/ii? noa?e, ia iiaeiia i?aeeyaaoe iiiaeaoeoaaiith.

8. Eiooe a?ae ?aioieo ieaoaae?a, ui iaae?eoee a i?noeaaee athaeaeao,
iiaeii? ni?yiiaoaaoenue ia ?aae?caoe?th caoiae?a I?ia?aie ?icaeoeo
oo?ecio o Euea?anuee?e iaeano? aei 2005 ?ieo.

Ia i?eeeaae? aioaeueiiai ainiiaea?noaa i. Eueaiaa aoei i?ae?aoiaaii, ui
a?ae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy 8%-? noaaee oo?enoe/ii? ?aioe o 1997 ?ioe? o
i?noeaaee athaeaeao aeey oe?eueiaiai ?icaeoeo oo?ecio iaae?eoei a 283,4
oen. a?i., oaeo naio noio io?eiaee a aioaeuei? i?aei?e?inoaa aeey
naii?icaeoeo. Ciaioaiiy ?aaeueieo iaaeoiaeaeaiue a?ae oeeo i?aei?e?inoa
o i?noeaaee athaeaeao ia 37% ?noioii ia a?ae?a’?oueny ia iiaeeeaino?
athaeaeaoo uiaei o?iainoaaiiy oo?enoe/ii? aaeoc?, ine?eueee aoaea
eiiiainiaaii iiyaith ?aaeueieo eioo?a ia ?icaeoie oo?ecio o
i?aei?e?inoa. A eiooe i?noeaaiai athaeaeaoo aeo?a/aoeiooueny eeoa ca
oe?eueiaei i?ecia/aiiyi.

Ioaea, aeei?enoaiiy oo?enoe/ii? ?aioe a nenoai? aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei
iiaea noaoe aaaiiei ?ino?oiaioii caaacia/aiiy naiio?iainoaaiiy oa
naii?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? noa?e a oiiaao aeao?oeeoo eioo?a.
Cai?iiiiiaaiee iaoai?ci aeiiii?/iiai noeioethaaiiy ?icaeoeo oo?ecio a
iaeano? ni?eyoeia aeoea?caoe?? oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?, ?acoeueoaoe
yei? aeaaeooue a?ae/ooiee ia eeoa aeiiii?/iee, a e nioe?aeueiee oa
aeieia?/iee aoaeo.

AENIIAEE

I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaee ciiao c?iaeoe ?yae oai?aoe/ieo
ocaaaeueiaiue, ii?aoethaaoe iaoeiai iaa?oioiaai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??,
cie?aia:

1. No/aniee noai ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? ?iaeono??? a Oe?a?i? ia
a?aeiia?aea? iayaiiio iioaioe?aeo oo?enoe/ieo ?ano?n?a, iecueeith ? ??
aeiiii?/ia aoaeoeai?noue. Iaei??th c iniiaieo i?e/ei oaeiai noaiiaeua ?
iaaeinoaoi?e ??aaiue oai?aoe/iiai inieneaiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii?
noo? oo?ecio ye noni?eueiiai yaeua oa eiai aeiiii?/ii? cia/eiino? ye
i?eaooeiai? aaeoc?. Ooieoe?iioaaiiy oo?ecio ye niaoeeo?/ii? aaeoc?
iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee aaco?oueny ia ae?iaieoeoa? oa niiaeeaaii?
oo?enoe/iiai i?iaeoeoo, ui aea? ciiao c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i ia’?eoeaia
?nioaaiiy ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa.

2. Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui /a?ac iaai? ianoaaeie, ia?aaeon?i
aeiiii?/iiai oa?aeoa?o, aeoea?caoe?y oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee a iaeaeeae/?
?iee ? iaei?aaeueiith. Oiio iaea?eueo i?eeiyoiei nueiaiaei? ? eo?n ia
?aa?iiae?caoe?th i?ioean?a noeioethaaiiy ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? noa?e, aea
i?ia?aeia ?ieue iiaeiia iaeaaeaoe i?noeaaei, iaeaniei i?aaiai aeaaee oa
?aa?iiaeueiei i?aaiai Aea?aeaaiiai eii?oaoo Oe?a?ie ii oo?ecio.

3. Ia?niaeoeaieie iai?yiaie ?icaeoeo oo?ecio ne?ae aaaaeaoe eiai
nioe?ae?caoe?th, aeieia?caoe?th oa ?ioi?iaoecaoe?th. I?e oeueiio
iie?oeea oi?ioaaiiy ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa ia? a?aeiia?aeaoe e?eoa??yi
aeiiii?/ii? ?acoeueoaoeaiino?, nioe?aeueii? aoaeoeaiino? oa aeieia?/ii?
aaciaee. O ?? ?aae?caoe?? aeoeaio o/anoue iiaeii? acyoe ye
Aea?aeeiioo?ecio Oe?a?ie, i?noeaa? i?aaie aea?aeaaii? aeeiiaa/i? aeaaee
a aaeoc? oo?ecio, oae ? noa’?eoe oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?, i?ioni?eee,
a?iiaaenuee? ia’?aeiaiiy.

4. Aei /enea i??i?eoaoieo caaaeaiue oo?enoe/ii? iie?oeee iaeaaeeoue
oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai? ?io?ano?oeoo?e o noa?? oo?ecio. Oea ia?aaeaa/a?
iaiao?aei?noue noai?aiiy a?aeiia?aeieo ?inoeooo?a ?eieiaiai
?aaoethaaiiy, caaacia/aiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy oo?enoe/ieo
i?ioean?a, ?icaeoeo caeiiiaeaa/i-ii?iaoeaii? aace oo?ecio. O oeueiio
i?ioean? aaaeeeao ?ieue iiaeii? a?ae?a?aaaoe i?aaie caeiiiaeaa/i? ?
aeeiiaa/i? aeaaee Oe?a?ie, noa’?eoe oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?.

5. I??i?eoaoiei caaaeaiiyi ?icaeoeo oo?ecio ? cai?iaaaeaeaiiy
aoaeoeaieo iaoiae?a aeiiii?/iiai noeioethaaiiy, iiaoaeiaaieo ia
i?eioeeiao oo?enoe/ii? ?aioe. Cai?iiiiiaaia noaia ?iciiae?eo oa
aeei?enoaiiy oeeo ieaoaae?a ni?yiiaaia ia

caaacia/aiiy naiio?iainoaaiiy oa naii?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? noa?e.

Ia i?aenoaa? ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ?aeiiaiaeo?ii
a?aooaaoe oae? i?iiiceoe??:

– Aea?aeaaiiio eii?oaoo Oe?a?ie ii oo?ecio – eiioeaioe?th ia?niaeoeaiiai
?icaeoeo oo?ecio, yea aaco?oueny ia i?eioeeiao nioe?ae?caoe??,
aeieia?caoe?? oa ?ioi?iaoecaoe?? oo?enoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?.

– I?i?noa?noao aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie – iaoai?ci ?aioieo ieaoaae?a o
i?aeoeoe? oo?enoe/iiai ainiiaea?thaaiiy oa iaoai?ci noeioethaaiiy
caeo/aiiy ?iaanoeoe?e o ?icaeoie oo?enoe/ii? noa?e.

– Euea?anuee?e iaeani?e aea?aeaai?e aaei?i?no?aoe?? – ?acoeueoaoe
ioe?iee oo?enoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo ?aeii?a Euea?anueei? iaeano? aeey
aecia/aiiy ia?niaeoeaieo iai?yi?a ?icaeoeo oo?ecio.

– I?i?noa?noao ina?oe Oe?a?ie – oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/i? iieiaeaiiy uiaei
oi?ioaaiiy O??N i?e i?aeaioiaoe? oao?aoe?a ca niaoe?ae?caoe?yie
“Iaiaaeaeiaio o oo?eci?”, “Iaiaaeaeiaio o iaae?iaie/?e noa??”.

NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO I?AOeUe CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??

1. Aaeaeoe A.A. Aeo?aoe ia oo?eci a no?oeoo?? n?iaeieo athaeaeao?a
ianaeaiiy I?ia//eie// ?aa?iiaeueia aeiiii?ea. – 1997. – ? 1. – N.
103-105.

2. Aaeaeoe A.A. Oi?ioaaiiy oo?enoe/ii? ?eieiai? ?io?ano?oeoo?e ye oaeoi?
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy ?eieo oo?enoe/ieo iineoa//
?aa?iiaeueia aeiiii?ea. – 1999. – ? 2. – N. 172-177.

3. Aaeaeoe A.A. Oo?eci ye nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ia eaoaai??y//
Iaiaaeaeiaio oa i?aei?e?iieoeoai a Oe?a?i?: aoaie noaiiaeaiiy ? i?iaeaie
?icaeoeo: Ca.iaoe.-i?eee.i?. – Euea?a: Aeae-ai AeO “Euea?anueea
iie?oaoi?ea”. – 1997. – ? 319. – N.76-82.

4. Aaeaeoe A.A. Iniaeeaino? iiieoo ia oo?enoe/i? iineoae o aea/aii?
oo?enoe/ii? aeoeaiino?// I?iaeaie aeiiii?ee oa oi?aae?iiy: Ca.iaoe.i?. –
Euea?a: Aeae-ai AeO “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”. – 1998. – ? 331. –
N.25-30.

5. Aaeaeoe A.A. Ia?eaoeia o oo?eci?// I?iaeaie aeiiii?ee oa oi?aae?iiy:
Ca.iaoe.i?. – Euea?a: Aeae-ai AeO “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”. – 1998. – ?
345. – N.91-96.

6. Aaeaeoe A.A. Iniiai? iai?yie ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/iiai ?eieo a
Ea?iaonueeiio ?aa?ii?// Iaiaaeaeiaio oa i?aei?e?iieoeoai a Oe?a?i?:
Aoaie noaiiaeaiiy ? i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo: Ca.iaoe.i?. – Euea?a: Aeae-ai AeO
“Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”.– 1999. – ? 368. – N.27-32.

7. Aaeaeoe A.A. Oo?enoe/i? iineoae ? aeo?aoe ia ?o io?eiaiiy a
?icaeiaieo e?a?iao Caoiaeo// Iaiaaeaeiaio oa i?aei?e?iieoeoai a Oe?a?i?:
aoaie noaiiaeaiiy ? i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo: Ca.iaoe.-i?eee.i?. – Euea?a: AeO
“Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”. – 1996. – N.80-81.

8. Iao?iae/ E.I., Aaeaeoe A.A. Ia?eaoeia oo?ecio// Aeiiia?ae? ?
iia?aeiieaiiy i?aeia?.iaoe.-i?aeo.eiio. “Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? i?iaeaie
aeaeaaie/i-iie?a?a-o?/iiai eiiieaeno (AIE) oa eiai ?io?ano?oeoo?e”. –
Euea?a: Aa?oa. – 1996. – N.6-8. [Iniaenoi aaoi?ii iaa?oioiaaia
iaiao?aei?noue noai?aiiy no?aoaa?? ia?eaoeiaiai? ae?yeueiino? o ?aieao
?ic?iaethaaieo ?aa?iiaeueieo i?ia?ai ?icaeoeo oo?ecio].

9. Aaeaeoe A.A. Aioaeueiee a?cian Euea?anueei? iaeano? oa iniaeeaino?
eiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy// Iaoa??aee i?aeia?.iaoe.-i?ae.eiio. “Ea?iaonueeee
?aa?ii ? i?iaeaie

noaeiai ?icaeoeo”. – ?ao?a, 1998. – N. 200-204.

AIIOAOe?ss

Aaeaeoe A.A. Aeiiii?/ia ?aaoethaaiiy ?icaeoeo noa?e oo?enoe/ieo iineoa.
– ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.02.03 – i?aai?caoe?y oi?aae?iiy, ieaioaaiiy
? ?aaoethaaiiy aeiiii?eith. – Aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao “Euea?anueea
iie?oaoi?ea”, Euea?a, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ?ic?iaeaiith eiiieaeno oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/ieo
iieiaeaiue uiaei oi?ioaaiiy iie?oeee aeeiai?/iiai ?icaeoeo oa
aeiiii?/iiai ?aaoethaaiiy noa?e oo?enoe/ieo iineoa ? iaa?oiooaaiith
iaoiae?a i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?? ooieoe?iioaaiiy a ?eieiaeo oiiaao.
O ?iaio? ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo aaeueii? ioe?iee oo?enoe/iiai iioaioe?aeo
oa?eoi??e, iaa?oioiaaii eiioeaiooaeueio iiaeaeue ?aa?iiaeueii? iie?oeee
?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? noa?e, cai?iiiiiaaii noaio oi?ioaaiiy oo?enoe/ii?
?eieiai? ?io?ano?oeoo?e oa iaa?oioiaaii iai?yie aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio
aeiiii?/iiai ?aaoethaaiiy ?icaeoeo oo?enoe/ii? noa?e, yeee ia?aaeaa/a?
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a i?aeoeeo oo?enoe/iiai ainiiaea?thaaiiy ?aioieo
ieaoaae?a.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: noa?a oo?enoe/ieo iineoa, aeiiii?/ia ?aaoethaaiiy,
oo?enoe/ia ?eieiaa ?io?ano?oeoo?a, oo?enoe/ia ?aioa, oo?enoe/iee
iioaioe?ae.

ABSTRACT

Hayduk A.B. Economic Regulation of Developing a Sphere of Tourist
Services. – Manuscript.

Thesis for a candidate’s degree by speciality 08.02.03 – organization
of management, planning and regulation of economics. – Lviv Polytechnic
State University, Lviv, 1999.

The dissertation is devoted to developing a complex of theoretical
methodical propositions concerning the formation of a policy of the
dynamic development and economic regulation of a sphere of tourist
services, substantiating methods of raising the effectiveness of its
functioning under market conditions. In the work the methods of a point
evaluation of a territory tourist potential have been worked out, the
concept model of the tourist regional sphere development policy has been
validated, the scheme of forming a tourist market infrastructure has
been suggested, the directions of improving the mechanism of economic
regulation of the tourist sphere development to foresee the introduction
of rent payments into the practice of tourist management have been
corroborated.

Key words: sphere of tourist services, economic regulation, tourist
market infrastructure, tourist rent, tourist potential.

AIIIOAOeEss

Aaeaeoe A.A. Yeiiiie/aneia ?aaoee?iaaiea ?acaeoey noa?u oo?enoe/aneeo
oneoa. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.02.03 – i?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey, ieaie?iaaiey
e ?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieeie. – Ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao “Eueaeanueea
iieeoaoieea”, Eueaia, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia ?ac?aaioea eiiieaena oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/aneeo
iieiaeaiee ii oi?ie?iaaieth iieeoeee aeeiaie/iiai ?acaeoey e
yeiiiie/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey noa?u oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa e iainiiaaieth
iaoiaeia iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe aa ooieoeeiie?iaaiey a ?uii/iuo
oneiaeyo. A ia?aii ?acaeaea “Oai?aoeei-i?eeeaaeiua iniiau
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey noa?u oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa” ?anniio?aii
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneia niaea?aeaiea iiiyoey “oo?eci”, ii?aaeaeythony
iniaaiiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oo?ecia eae nenoaiu e oaeoi?u aeeyiey ia
aa ?acaeoea, enneaaeoaony niaoeeoeea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ?uiea
oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa.

A aeenna?oaoeee naeaeai auaiae i oii, /oi nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneia
niaea?aeaiea oo?ecia neaaeoao ?anniao?eaaoue neaicue i?ecio
iiiaia?aiiinoe eniieiyaiuo ei ooieoeee, n?aaee eioi?uo iaeaieaa aaaeiuie
yaeythony: iaaeeei-aeieiae/aneay, nioeeaeueiay, yeiiiie/aneay,
eioaa?aoeeiiiay, eoeueoo?ii-iiciaaaoaeueiay, yeieiae/aneay,
iaaeaeoia?iaeiay, iieeoe/aneay. E?iia yoiai, aeieacaii, /oi oo?eci eae
noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe eiaao ana i?eciaee io?anee ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa.
Yoi aeaao iniiaaiey ooaa?aeaeaoue i?i iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?ac?aaioee /aoeie
no?aoaaee ia?niaeoeaiiai ?acaeoey yoie io?anee eae ia iaoeeiiaeueiii,
oae e ?aaeiiaeueiii o?iaiyo, aa ?uii/iie o?ainoi?iaoeee.

I?eioeeieaeueiue iiaeoiae aaoi?a e enneaaeiaaieth oo?ecia ninoieo a
oii, /oi oo?enoe/aneay io?aneue ?anniao?eaaaony eae oicyenoaaiiay
nenoaia. Oeaeaaay ooieoeey nenoaiu ninoieo a ?ac?aaioea eiiieaena
oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa n oeaeueth oaeiaeaoai?aiey iio?aaiinoae iio?aaeoaeae
i?e ?aoeeiiaeueiii eniieueciaaiee oo?enoe/aneeo ?ano?nia oa??eoi?ee e
iaeiia?aiaiiiai iieo/aiey yeiiiieei-nioeeaeueiie auaiaeu aeey iauanoaa.

Ia iniiaa e?eoe/aneiai aiaeeca nouanoaothueo iiaeoiaeia e eco/aieth
no?oeoo?u oo?enoe/aneiai ni?ina a ?aaioa i?aaeeiaeaia noaia naaiaioaoeee
oo?enoe/aneiai ?uiea niaeanii eeanneoeeaoeeiiiui e?eoa?eyi:
aaia?aoe/aneiio, nioeei-aeaiia?aoe/aneiio e ineoieiai-iiaaaeai/aneiio.
Iineieueeo ooieoeeiie?i-aaiea ?uiea oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa aace?oaony ia
aaeaina ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey, a ?aaioa ?anniao?eaathony oaeoi?u,
eioi?ua ii?aaeaeytho aiciiaeiinoue oaeiaeaoai?aiey oo?enoe/aneiai
ni?ina. N?aaee ieo: iaee/ea oo?enoe/aneeo ?ano?nia, o?iaaiue iauae
eio?ano?oeoo?u, i?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey oo?enoe/aneei i?ioeannii,
caeiiiaeaoaeueiay iiaeaea?aeea oo?ecia ni noi?iiu ainoaea?noaa.

Ai aoi?ii ?acaeaea “I?aaeiinueee e oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey noa?u
oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa” i?iaaaeai aiaeec i?e?iaeii-?ano?niuo oaeoi?ia
?acaeoey oo?enoe/aneie noa?u n o/aoii ?aaeiiaeueiie niaoeeoeee,
?ac?aaioaia iaoiaeeea aaeeueiie ioeaiee oo?enoe/aneie ao?aeoeaiinoe
oa??eoi?ee, ia aa iniiaa aeaia ioeaiea oo?enoe/aneiai iioaioeeaea
Eueaianeie iaeanoe, i?iaiaeece?iaaii nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea oi?ie?iaaiey
e ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ?uiea oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa a iaeanoe.

N oeaeueth ii?aaeaeaiey iaeaieaa ia?niaeoeaiuo oa??eoi?ee i?ei?eoaoiiai
?acaeoey oo?ecia aeenna?oaioii auea aeaia aaeeueiay ioeaiea i?e?iaeiuo e
enoi?eei-eoeueoo?iuo ?ano?nia Eueaianeie iaeanoe a ?ac?aca
aaeieieno?aoeaiuo ?aeiiia. Ia iniiaa ?ac?aaioaiiuo a aeenna?oaoeee
ioeaii/iuo e?eoa?eaa e aaeeueiuo oeae ioeaieaaeenue ea/anoaaiiua e
eiee/anoaaiiua ia?aiao?u oo?enoe/aneeo ?ano?nia. Ananoi?iiiee aiaeec
nia?aiaiiiai ninoiyiey ?acaeoey oo?enoe/aneie eiaeono?ee Eueaianeie
iaeanoe aeae iniiaaiea naeaeaoue auaiae i oii, /oi i?e iinoiyiiii ?inoa
iauaia oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa yooaeoeaiinoue oo?enoe/aneie io?anee a
naaiaeiyoieo yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaeyo inoaaony ieceie.

A o?aoueai ?acaeaea “Iaoiaeu yeiiiie/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey ?acaeoey noa?u
oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa” iainiiaaiu iiaeoiaeu e oi?ie?iaaieth ?aaeiiaeueiie
iieeoeee ?acaeoey oo?enoe/aneie noa?u, nicaeaieth oo?enoe/aneie ?uii/iie
eio?ano?oeoo?u, a oaeaea i?aaeeiaeaiu iaoiaeu yeiiiie/aneiai
noeioee?iaaiey ?acaeoey noa?u oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa. A ?aaioa
noi?ioee?iaaiu i?eioeeiu oi?ie?iaaiey e ?aaeecaoeee ?aaeiiaeueiie
oo?enoe/aneie iieeoeee, i?aaeeiaeaia eiioeaioeey ia?niaeoeaiiai ?acaeoey
oo?ecia, eioi?ay aace?oaony ia i?eioeeiao nioeeaeecaoeee, yeieiaecaoeee
e eioi?iaoecaoeee. Naeaeai auaiae i oii, /oi iaeiie ec eeth/aauo i?iaeai
?acaeoey oo?ecia yaeyaony oi?ie?iaaiea einoeoooia ?uii/iie
eio?ano?oeoo?u (O?EN), iiae eioi?ie iiae?acoiaaatho niaieoiiinoue
yeaiaioia, iaania/eaathueo ooieoeeiie?iaaiea e acaeiiaeaenoaea noauaeoia
oo?enoe/aneie noa?u e ?aaoee?othueo aeaeaeaiea iaoa?eaeueiuo,
oeiainiauo, eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iioieia iaaeaeo ieie e aiaoiae n?aaeie.
No?oeoo?a O?EN i?aaenoaaeaia a aeaea o?ao iniiaiuo ninoaaeythueo:
einoeoooeeiiaeueiie, eioi?iaoeeiiiie e ?aaeaiaioe?othuae. Aaaeiia ianoi
a ?aaioa ioaaaeaii i?iaeaia aiaae?aiey yooaeoeaiuo iaoaieciia
yeiiiie/aneiai noeioee?iaaiey ?acaeoey oo?ecia. A yoii iai?aaeaiee
eeth/aauie yaeythony o?e iiiaioa: a) oeiaine?iaaiea oo?ecia; a)
iaeiaiaay iieeoeea a yoie noa?a; a) acaeiiioiioaiey iaaeaeo i?aaiaie
aeanoe e noauaeoaie oo?enoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe. ?aoaieth auoaoeacaiiuo
i?iaeai niaeaenoaiaaei au aiaae?aiea a i?aeoeeo oicyenoaiaaiey iaoaiecia
yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaiee, iino?iaiiiai ia i?eioeeiao oo?enoe/aneie ?aiou.

?ac?aaioaiiay iaoiaeeea aaeeueiie ioeaiee oo?enoe/aneiai iioaioeeaea,
iainiiaaiiua a ?aaioa i?eioeeiu oi?ie?iaaiey ?aaeiiaeueiie oo?enoe/aneie
iieeoeee, ?ac?aaioaiiua iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey ia?niaeoeaiiai ?acaeoey
oo?ecia e iaoiaeu aai yeiiiie/aneiai noeioee?iaaiey iiaoo iaeoe
i?eiaiaiea a i?aeoeea oi?aaeaiey oo?enoe/aneie noa?ie ia ?aciuo o?iaiyo.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: noa?a oo?enoe/aneeo oneoa, yeiiiie/aneia
?aaoee?iaaiea, oo?enoe/aneay ?uii/iay eio?ano?oeoo?a, oo?enoe/aneay
?aioa, oo?enoe/aneee iioaioeeae.

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