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Iaoe?iiaeueia Aeaaeai?y iaoe Oe?a?ie

?inoeooo iie?oe/ieo ? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue

Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno

OAeE 323.1

Iaooiee Ieeiea ?aaiiae/

Aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue

a eiioaeno? oi?ioaaiiy oe?a?inueei? iaoe??

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 23.00.05 –

aoiiiie?oieia?y oa aoiiaea?aeaaiciaanoai

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a iie?oe/ieo iaoe

Ee?a-1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? iie?oieia?? o?einionueeiai oaeoeueoaoo
Ee?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio: aeieoi? o?einionueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?,
/eai-ei?aniiiaeaio IAI Oe?a?ie,

Aoaa?nueeee Eaii?ae Aaneeueiae/

i?i?aeoi?, aee?aeoi? ?inoeoooo i?aeia?iaeieo a?aeiinei, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?ith o?einio?? aoiai?oa?ieo oaeoeueoao?a Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? o?einionueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?,

aeaaeai?e AII Oe?a?ie

E?aiaiue Aaneeue A?eai?iae/,

Aa?oiaia ?aaea Oe?a?ie, ia?iaeiee aeaiooao Oe?a?ie

aeieoi? iie?oe/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Aa?ca? ?aai Ieoaeeiae/

Oe?a?inueea Aeaaeai?y aea?aeaaiiai oi?aae?iiy i?e I?aceaeaioia? Oe?a?ie,
?aaeiee ?aeoi?a

aeieoi? iie?oe/ieo iaoe

A?a/a?ee Ieoaeei Ieeieaeiae/

?inoeooo ?noi??? Oe?a?ie IAI Oe?a?ie, i?ia?aeiee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee

I?ia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y: ?inoeooo ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa, oieueeei?enoeee oa
aoiieia?? ?i.I.O.?eeuenueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 22 ” /a?aiy 1999 ?. i 14-00 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae.26.181.01 a ?inoeooo? iie?oe/ieo ?
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith:

252011, i.Ee?a-11, aoe.Eooociaa, 8, e.202.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo iie?oe/ieo
? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ” 20 ” o?aaiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

eaiaeeaeao ?noi?e/ieo iaoe TH.A. Eaaaiaoeue

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Iaoe?iiaeueiee ?aianain, ui ioiiea e?a?ie ?a?iie ua
a O?O no., eeoa ii/anoe oi?eioany Oe?a?ie. Ni?e/eiyeiny oea ia o?eueee
a?aeiieie ?noi?e/ieie ianoaaeiaie, a e aeaiaoe?iiae?caoi?nueeith
iie?oeeith uiaei oe?a?ioe?a c aieo i?aaeoae?a non?aei?o aea?aeaa, ye?
aieiaea?thaaee ia ?? oa?aiao.

I?iaieioaiiy iacaeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie iieeaei ii/aoie iaoe?iiaeueiiio
a?ae?iaeaeaiith, a a?aeoae ? iaae? ci?ie oaiaeaioe?? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
aeeoa?aioe?aoe??, aoi?/ii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii? aea?aeaioeo?eaoe?? ia?iae?a
ia aoiiiaoe?iiaeueio ?ioaa?aoe?th, a?aeiiaeaiiy ? caeeaeaiiy aoi?/ieo ?
iaoe?iiaeueieo ?aeaioeoao?a (/eiiee?a) ? oi?ioaaiiy ia ?o iniia?
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? (oioiaeiino?), yea ?icaeyaea?oueny
aaoi?ii ye ia?ao?aeiee nooi?iue ia oeyoo aee?enoae?caoe?? niaoeeo?/ii
iaoe?iiaeueieo ?en, caaaeii, i?ioeano iaoe?ioai?aiiy.

O oeueiio eiioaeno? iiiyooy “aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue” yaey?
niaith noeoii?noue aca?iiiia`ycaieo ? aca?iiiaoiiaeaieo aoi?/ieo ?
iaoe?iiaeueieo ?aeaioeo?eaoe?eieo /eiiee?a ye?, c iaeiiai aieo, ?
i?aenoaaith aeey a?aeianaiiy ie?aii? iniae /e a?oie ethaeae aei iaaii?
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiino?, a, c ?ioiai, ?o a?aeie?aieaiiy a?ae ?iiaoi?/ieo
aai ae ?iiiaoe?iiaeueieo ni?eueiinoae. I?e oeueiio caoaaaeeii, ui
i?ioean aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oa?aeoa?iee ye aeey ia?iae?a
c aea?aeaaieie oae ? aacaea?aeaaieie o?aaeeoe?yie, c o??th eeoa
??cieoeath, ui inoaii?i cia/ii neeaaei?oa noi?ioaaoe aeania
iaoe?iiaeuei? eiiiiiaioe ?aeaioe/iino?, i?ae caa?aaoe noaeeie, aaaaoi a
/iio iaci?iieie, aoi?/i? ?aeaioeoaoe. Iicaye ia?ao?ae a?ae
aacaea?aeaaiiai aei aea?aeaaiiai noaio, a a?ae iueiai aei ooaa?aeaeaiiy
canaae a?iiaaenueeino? – oae? iniiai? aoaie aaiethoe??
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? aeey ia?iae?a, ye? a neeo ??cieo
ianoaaei aoee iicaaaeai?, aai ae ia iaee nai?? aea?aeaaiino?. A ?one?
naia oe??? o?aaeeoe?? ? ia?aaoaa? i?ioean iaoe?ioai?aiiy a Oe?a?i?.

Oaiiiai aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? i?eoaiaiiee aoaeue-yeiio
iaoe?ioai?/iio i?ioeano, oi/a oaiie ? no?iee eiai ?icai?oaiiy, ye
caaaeii ? eiinie?aeaoe?? iaoe?? iaiaeiaeia? ? caeaaeaoue a?ae c??eino?
aoii- ? iaoe?iiaeueieo ?aeaioeo?eaoe?eieo /eiiee?a, a yeeo a?i i?io?ea?.
Ca oaeeo oiia aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioeo?eaoe?y yaey? niaith i?ioean
aec??aaiiy iaoe?iiaeueieo yeinoae aoiino ? nenoaie iaoe?iiaeueieo
?aeaioeoao?a.

Niaoeeo?/ii a?aeaoaa?oueny aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioeo?eaoe?y, ye ?
caaaeii iaoe?ioai?/ee i?ioean a Oe?a?i?. Ia oaiiao ? no?ieao
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? oe?a?ioe?a iaaaoeaii iicia/athoueny
aaaaoia?eiaa ?o caeaaei?noue a?ae non?aei?o aea?aeaa,
aeaiaoe?iiae?caoe?y aoi?/ieo oe?a?ioe?a, ?aa?iiaeuei? aeiiii?/i?,
nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/i?, iiai? ? ?io? a?aei?iiino?. Ia?aai?aiiy oeeo ?
aeayeeo ?ioeo iaaaoeaieo yaeu i?ioeano aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oe?a?ioe?a iio?aao? niaoe?aeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue, yeeo
iiee ui nueiaiaei? iaia?. Uii?aaaea, aiie ?, aea a ieo aeine?aeaeo?oueny
ia aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia, a aoi?/ia ? iaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/iino?, ye?
?icaeyaeathoueny ye ?acoeueoao i?ioeano ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? a?aeiia?aeii
aoi?/ieo ? iaoe?iiaeueieo /eiiee?a.

Nooi?noue ? aieiaia i?ecia/aiiy aoi?/ii? ?aeaioe/iino?, aeinoaoiuei
aena?oeth?oueny o iecoe? i?aoeue ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo. Oe?a?inuee?
aoiiiie?oieiae I.Iaeai?iaea Iaeai?iaea A.I. Oai?ey yoiiiieeoeee a
caiaaeiii iauanoaiaaaeaiee: no?oeoo?a e i?eioeeiu enneaaeiaaiey. – E.,
Iaoeiaa aeoiea, 1993. – 228 n., I.Ea?ooiia Ea?ooiia I.A. Cao?aei?
aoiiiaoe?iiaeuei? oa aoiiiie?oe/i? eiioeaioe??:
oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/iee aiae?c (?oeiien aeena?oaoe??). – E., 1996. –
382 n. aei /enea caaaeueiiaeciaieo aaoi?eoao?a ?? aeine?aeaeaiiy a
cao?aeiiio noni?euenoaiciaanoa?, cie?aia, aeeth/athoue: A.Aecaena,
Aeae.A?ino?iiaa, I.A?ana, O.Aeaeiea, I.Aai aeai Aa?aa, A.Aaeeia?a,
E.Aieio, O.Eiii?a, Ae.Eiooea, Aeae.?aeooea, Ae.?ioo?eueaea,
O.Naoii-Oioniia, O.Ooaeaeiaia, A.Oeeca oa ?i. Ia iniia? aiae?co cia/ii?
e?eueeino? ?o iaoeiaeo ioae?eaoe?e ? a?aeiia?aeii aei aeyaeaieo
oaiaeaioe?e, I.Iaeai?iaea ? I.Ea?ooiia aeae?eythoue ?yae i?aeoiae?a
aecia/aiiy aoi?/ii? ?aeaioe/iino?. Iaeei c ieo (ca I.Iaeai?iaeith –
“noa?ee”) ?icaeyaea? aoi?/io ?aeaioe/i?noue aieiaiith a nenoai? ?ioeo
?aeaioe/iinoae. A?aeoae, ye o ieioeiio oae ? nueiaiaei? i?e ?ic?iaoe? ?
i?iaaaeaii? aea?aeaaii? iie?oeee o?yaeiaoe? cao?aeieo e?a?i nie?athoueny
ia?aaaaeii ia aoi?/io eiioeaioe?th, yea ? “ae??oaeueiith”, “eeth/iaith”
a aeiaa?e iecoe? aoi?/ieo nooae?e. ?ioee i?aeo?ae a?oioo?oueny ia oac?
i?i oa, ui aoi?/ia ?aeaioe/i?noue ? eeoa iaei??th c aaaaoueio, ui
i?eoaiaii? ethaeei? ? icia/a? ia ui ?ioa, ye ii/oooy iaeaaeiino? aei
iaoe?iiaeueii? a?oie.

I?ia?aeiee oao?aaoeue c ieoaiue aeieeiaiiy ? ?icaeoeo no/anieo iaoe?e,
aiae?enueeee a/aiee A.Ni?o aaaaea?, ui aoi?/ia ?aeaioe/i?noue ? iaeiei
?c ??ciiaeae?a eieaeoeaii? ?aeaioe/iino?, iicaye iaoe?iiaeueia
?aeaioe/i?noue a oe?e nenoai? iin?aea? iniaeeaa i?noea ine?eueee
“…i?eaeanith? aeaiaioe ?ioeo aeae?a eieaeoeaii? ?aeaioe/iino? ? ??
i?eiee ia iiaeia caanoe aei ?aeeiiai aeaiaioa” Ni?o A. Iaoe?iiaeueia
?aeaioe/i?noue. – E., Iniiae, 1996. – N.23..

Oe?ieee niaeo? i?aeoiae?a uiaei aecia/aiiy i?noey ? ?ie? aoi?/ii? ?
iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? a iaoe?i- ? aea?aeaaioai?/iio i?ioeanao
i?eoaiaiiee ? aeine?aeieeai aea?aeaa o.c. aeecueeiai ca?oa?aeaey. Iaei?
?c ieo i?e aeine?aeaeaii? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo i?iaeai aeoiaeyoue ?c oiai,
ui ?aeaioe/i?noue ye noni?eueiee oaiiiai ? iniaeeaith, iaci?iiith, a
oiio iaaenioe?aeueiith noanoaioe??th, yea eaaeeoue iica
aeine?aeieoeueeeie iaaeaie.

?io? ae, i?e aeine?aeaeaii? ?aeaioe/iino? ?icoe?ythoue iaae? aoi?/ii?
?aeaioe/iino? aeeth/ath/e a ia? ? iaoe?iiaeueio. Oeae i?aeo?ae ?
iaeiioe?ai?oei ia o?eueee a ca?oa?aei?e, aea ? o a?o/eciyi?e
aoiiiie?oieia?/i?e iaooe?. O?ao?, iaoe?iiaeueio ?aeaioe/i?noue
?icaeyaeathoue eeoa neeaaeiaith /anoeiith nenoaie iniaeni?noieo
?aeaioe/iinoae. *aoaa?o?, aeoiaeyoue ?c oiai, ui i?ae aoi?/iith ?
iaoe?iiaeueiith ?aeaioe/i?noth a?aenooi?e aoaeue-ye?e ca`ycie, a oiio
iaoe?iiaeueio ?aeaioe/i?noue i?iiiiothoue ?icaeyaeaoe iica ca`yceii c
aoi?/iei iioiaeaeaiiyi. I`yo? aaaaeathoue, ui aoi?/ia ?aeaioe/i?noue ?
?acoeueoao aca?iica`yceo ? aca?iiae?? ia?aaaaeii ia`?eoeaieo /eiiee?a
(ni?eueiino? iioiaeaeaiiy, ?noi?e/ii? aeie?, eoeueoo?e oiui)
naii?aeaioeo?eaoe?? ethaeeie, iaoe?iiaeueia ae ?aeaioe/i?noue yaey?
niaith noeoii?noue ia`?eoeaieo ? noa`?eoeaieo ?aeaioeoao?a, oiaoi aiia ?
i?iaeoeoii nioe?ae?caoe?? ? iie?oecaoe?? aoi?/iino?. Naia oeae i?aeo?ae
iiae?ey?oueny aaoi?ii ine?eueee a iueiio o?enothoueny ia o?eueee iayai?
a?aei?iiino? i?ae aoi?/iith ? iaoe?iiaeueiith ?aeaioe/iinoyie, a e
noai?ththoueny aeiaeaoeia? iiaeeeaino? aeine?aeaeaiiy ye eiaeiiai ie?aii
acyoiai noni?eueiiai oaiiiaio ?aeaioe/iino?, oae ? ?o ia?ao?aeiiai
??ciiaeaeo – aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?. O aeena?oaoe?? c?iaeaii
aiae?c oeeo ? aeayeeo ?ioeo eiioeaiooaeueieo i?aeoiae?a ca?oa?aeieo
a/aieo, aecia/aii ?o aaoi?nueea aa/aiiy.

Aiae?c oe?a?inueei? aoiiiie?oieia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e na?ae/eoue i?i ana ua
iaaeinoaoi? aea/aiiy i?iaeai aoi?/ii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?
oe?a?ioe?a, ye? aei oiai ae a ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae iaoe?i- ?
aea?aeaaioai?aiiy ua ? iioa?aiaai? a aoiiiaoe?iiaeuei? eieuei?e.

I?ioa inoaii?i /anii a?o/eciyi? a/ai? ?.Aa?ca?, I.A?a/a?ee, ss.A?eoeae,
A.Eieiae?e, ?.E?an?ia, E.Iaai?ia, ?.Iieuaiei, TH.?eia?aiei, E.Oeey?,
I.Ooeueaa aeine?aeaeaiith oaiiiaio aoi?/ii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioe/iino?, a eiioaeno? aea/aiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo ? aoiiiie?oe/ieo
i?iaeai i?eae?eythoue aaaaoi oaaae. A i?aoeyo oeeo ? aeayeeo ?ioeo
a?o/eciyieo iaoeiaoe?a, cie?aia ia?ainieneaii o?aaeeoe?ei? oyaeaiiy
uiaei oeoia/aiiy iecee iiiyoue aoiiiie?oieia?/ii? iaoee, aecia/aiiy
i?noey ? ?ie? aoi?/iiai, iaoe?iiaeueiiai ? aea?aeaaioai?/iai a
iie?oe/ieo i?ioeanao. Oai?aoe/i? aeniiaee ? cai?iiiiiaai? ?aea? a/aieo
noaee iaae?eiei i???ioe?ii ? aeyaeeenue aeineoue ei?enieie a i?ioean?
aeine?aeaeaiiy oaiiiaio aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?.

O iaea?eueo eiioeaio?iaai?e oi?i? ?acoeueoaoe oeeo aeine?aeaeaiue
i?noyoueny a iaoeiaeo noaooyo, iioae?eiaaieo a “Iae?e aioeeeeiiaae??
aoiiaea?aeaaiciaanoaa” Iaea aioeeeeiiaae?y
aoiiaea?aeaaiciaanoaa.//A?aei. ?aae., ea?.aao. eieaeoeao TH.?.?eia?aiei.
– E., Aaiaca, Aeia??a, 1996. – 942 n. ? aioeeeeiiaae?? “I?a?aoe?ei?
i?ioeane a no/aniiio na?o?: na?oiaee, ?aa?iiaeueiee oa iaoe?iiaeueiee
aei??e (iiiyo?eiee aia?ao, eiioeaiooaeuei? i?aeoiaee, oai??y oa
i?aeoeea)” I?a?aoe?ei? i?ioeane o no/aniiio na?o?: na?oiaee,
?aa?iiaeueiee oa iaoe?iiaeueiee aei??e. (Iiiyo?eiee aia?ao,
eiioeaiooaeuei? i?aeoiaee, oai??y oa i?aeoeea): Aioeeeeiiaae?y //Ca
?aae. TH.?.?eia?aiea. – E.: Aeia??a, 1998. – 912 n.. A?aeiia?aeaeueiee
?aaeaeoi? ? ea??aiee aaoi?nueeeo eieaeoea?a oeeo oi?eaeueieo ye ca
no?oeoo?ith, oae ? ca ci?noii aeaeaiue, TH.?eia?aiei oe?eeii neooii
aaaaea?, ui naia aoi?/ia ?aeaioeo?eaoe?y noeioeth? i?ioean
iaoe?iiaeueii? naiiaecia/aiino? ethaeeie, ?? noaa?ai?caoe?th, yea
aiaeii/an noeioeth? naiiaecia/aiiy an??? iaoe??. ?eia?aiei TH.?. Aoiin ?
iniaa //Iaea aioeeeeiiaae?y aoiiaea?aeaaiciaanoaa… – N.70.

Aoiinioe?ieia I.Ooeueaa aeoiaeeoue ?c oiai, ui a nenoai? a?aeiinei iniae
? aoiino i?iaeaia aoi?/ii? naii?aeaioeo?eaoe?? ? iaei??th c
oeaio?aeueieo a aoiiiie?oe/i?e iaooe?, a oiio aeoeaioo? oaaao ia
aeine?aeaeaii? aoi?/ii? naii?aeaioeo?eaoe?? iniaenoino?, oiaoi aea/aii?
i?ioeano ci?ie aoi?/iino? iniae ? oi?ioaaiiy ?? naiina?aeiiino? Ooeueaa
I.A. Yoie/aneay naiieaeaioeoeeaoeey ee/iinoe. – E., 1996. – 200 n..

A/aia a aaeoc? aoii?noi??? E.Iaai?ia aaaaea? ca iaiao?aeia a?eueoa oaaae
i?eae?eyoe aea/aiith iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?, ui aea? iiaeeea?noue
ciyoe ia?aoeiaee ia oeyoo eiinie?aeaoe?? oe?a?inueei? iaoe??.
?ica`ycaiiy oe??? i?iaeaie ciaoiaeeoueny a ?one? aeine?aeaeaiiy
aoi?/iiai ? iaoe?iiaeueiiai aei???a ?aeaioe/iino?, ia?oee ?c yeeo
aea/aiee iaoeith a?eueo iiaii, iaio c`yniaaiei, ?c-ca iaaecia/aiino? ?
?icieoino? iiiyooy “iaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue”, iiee ui caeeoa?oueny
ae?oaee (iaoe?iiaeueiee) aei?? ?aeaioe/iino?. Iaai?ia E. Iaoe?iiaeueia
?aeaioe/i?noue: oe?a?inueeee oaiiiai a ?noi?e/i?e ?ao?iniaeoea? //
?icaoaeiaa aea?aeaae, 1997, ?7-8. – N.47.

A?aeoae, ne?ae aeinoieii iioe?ioaaoe oe?a?inueeeo aoiiiie?oieia?a
E.Oeey?a, ?.Iieuaiei, ?.E?an?ii?, ye? inoaii?i /anii c?iaeee aaaiiee
aianie a aeine?aeaeaiiy nooiino? iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?,
c`ynoaaiiy ?? neeaaeiaeo (?aeaioeoao?a), aecia/aiiy i?noey ? ?ie? a
oe?a?inueeiio iaoe?ioai?aii?.

Ia iao iiaeyae, iayai? aeine?aeaeaiiy a?o/eciyieo aoiiiie?oieia?a
noai?eee aeia?ee “?i?aeae” aeey iaoia?aaeaeaiiai ni?eeiyooy iiiyoue
“aoi?/ia” ? “iaoe?iiaeueia” ?aeaioe/i?noue, oa?i?io ae
“aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue” iaeaaeeoue naaa ua noaa?aeeoe,
aeiaanoe nai? “i?aai ia aeeooy”. Aaoi? aeoiaeeoue ?c oiai, ui ia
ia?ao?aeiiio aoai? iaoe?inoaiiaeaiiy a yeiio iei? ? ia?aaoaa?
oe?a?inueea noni?euenoai, aea eeoa o?aoeia ianaeaiiy iaeiicia/ii
?aeaioeo?eo? naaa c oe?a?inueeith iie?oe/iith iaoe??th, a aea? o?aoeie
ua ia naiiaecia/eeeny, aaeeaaiiy i??ai?aeaeueiiai iiiyooy
“aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue” ? oe?eeii aei?aaaeaiei.

Iane?eueee oey i?iaeaia nueiaiaei? ? aaaeeeaith aeey Oe?a?ie na?ae/aoue,
cie?aia, o? o?eaae? ? aino?? aeeneon??, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a Aa?oiai?e
?aae? i?e i?eeiyoo? caeii?a, eio?? oi/ ae iia?aeii oi?eathoueny
onoaeaieo, ? ia caaaeaee, iaoeiai-aeinoia??ieo iinooeao?a uiaei
aecia/aiiy aoi?/ii? /e iaoe?iiaeueii? i?eiaeaaeiino?, oiaoi i?aaa
a?iiaaeyieia ia naii?aeaioeo?eaoe?th. Oey i?iaeaia iaea?eueo yne?aai
i?iyaeeany a ia??iae i?eeiyooy Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie, cie?aia, i?e
i?eeiyoo? ?? i?aaiaoee, eiee aecia/aany iin?e aea?aeaaiiai noaa?ai?oaoo
– “oe?a?inueeee ia?iae” /e “ia?iae Oe?a?ie”, “oe?a?inueea iaoe?y” /e
“oe?a?inueeee ia?iae”. A Eiinoeoooe??, ye a?aeiii, cae??ieaii
eiii?ii?niee a???aio ca?aeii yeiai i?aai ia naiiaecia/aiiy
cae?enith?oueny “oe?a?inueeith iaoe??th, an?i Oe?a?inueeei ia?iaeii”.
Eiinoeoooe?y Oe?a?ie. – E. – 1996. – N.3.

Ioaea, i?iaeaia aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? ? aeooaeueiith ia eeoa
a oai?aoe/iiio, a e o iie?oe/iiio nain?, yeee coiiaeaiee, ianaiia?aae,
iaaaeaeaaoiei ??aiai ?aeiino? oe?a?ioe?a a ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae
iaoe?inoaiiaeaiiy, i?iaeaiaie ?o iaoe?iiaeueii? eiinie?aeaoe??.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? i?iaeeeoiaaia oaeiae
iaiao?aei?noth ?ica`ycaiiy iayaieo noia?a/iinoae aioo??iaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeiino?, ci?oeiaiiy noaa?eueiino? ? i?aeaoi?/ii? ceaaiaee a Oe?a?i?. Ia
aeoieo aaoi?a oae? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaee a iiaeeea?noue oieeiooe
aaaaoueio iaii?icoi?iue a eiioaeno? ?ic?iaee aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee
oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae, ?? i?aeoe/ii? ?aae?caoe??. Ca oaeeo oiia
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/iinoue aenooia? aaaeeeaith iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iith
i?iaeaiith aoiiiie?oieia?/ii? iaoee.

A iniiao oaeeo aeine?aeaeaiue ia? aooe iieeaaeaiee iaaiee noai ia?iaeo,
?, ianaiia?aae, aoi?/ieo oe?a?ioe?a, ui neeaaeathoue a?eueo?noue
ianaeaiiy aea?aeaae. Ia? aooe a?aeiiaeaia ia iiaiio, no/aniiio ??ai?
ii?ooaia a ieioeiio ?noi?e/ia ni?aaaaeeea?noue, yea ia?aaeaa/aea a ye
a?ae?iaeaeaiiy i?e?iaeiiai noaio aoi?/ieo oe?a?ioe?a, oae ? aoi?/ieo, o
oiio /ene? ? ?in?enueei?, iaioei a Oe?a?i?. Inoaiiy, iaa?oue i?ney
?iciaaeo ?aaeyinueeiai Nithco, oi/ ? ia caciaea a Oe?a?i? i?yei?
aeene?ei?iaoe??, ana ae ia?ao?ae ?? o noaoon iaioeie o ?yae? aeiaaee?a
aeey aoi?/ieo ?in?yi aeyaeany aie?niei. Oea i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue, cie?aia,
aeai? “Nioe?n – Aaeaia”, ca?aeii yeeo o 1996 ?ioe? /anoea i?eoeeueiee?a
?a?ioaa?aoe?? na?aae ?in?yi aeinyaea 60,5%. ?a?ioaa?aoe?ei? iano?i?
iniaeeai ae?acii aeyaeeeny a E?eio, aea eo?n ia ia`?aeiaiiy ?anioae?e
NIAe a ?aeeio aea?aeaao i?aeo?eioaaee 69,6% ?aniiiaeaio?a. E?aiaiue
A.A., Aacethaea Ae.I., Aiiaea?aiei A.Ae. oa ?i. Nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ia
neooaoe?y a Oe?a?i?: iinooi i`yoe ?ie?a. (Iaoe?iiaeueiee ?i-o
no?aoaa?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue. Na??y “No?aoaa?y iie?oeee ? iie?oe/iee
aiae?c” – Aei.2). – E., 1996, – N.91-92.

Iaaaaeai? aeai?, c iaeiiai aieo na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui a ie?aieo ?aa?iiao
Oe?a?ie “?aaeyinueea ?aeaioe/i?noue” iiee ui caeeoa?oueny iiioey?iith
aeey ?? a?iiaaeyi, a, c ?ioiai, oe? aeai? i???ioothoue aeine?aeiee?a
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo ? aoiiaea?aeaaiciaa/eo i?iaeai ? iie?oee?a o nai?e
oai?aoe/ii-i?aeoe/i?e ae?yeueiino? a?aoiaoaaoe ??ai? iaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioe/iino? oe?a?inueeiai nioe?oio. Ca oaeeo oiia cia/ei?noue
iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaii? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? aea?aeaaii? iie?oeee, a ye?e ae
a?aoiaoaaeenue ?ioa?ane an?o iaoeaioe?a Oe?a?ie, c?inoa?. Ine?eueee,
o?eueee oaea iie?oeea iiaea caaacia/eoe noaa?aii?noue, iacaeaaei?noue,
aeaiie?aoeci, nioe?aeuei?noue aea?aeaae, ?? iaoe?iiaeueio aaciaeo, a
iaoe?y iiaea noaoe nenoaiiith ni?eueiioith, ui ? iaea?eueo iaae?eiei
ooiaeaiaioii ?? ?nioaaiiy.

Ioaea, iaiao?aei?noue c`ynoaaiiy nooiino? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioe/iino?, ?? neeaaeiaeo iciae ? aeooaeueiei caaaeaiiyi
aoiiiie?oieia?/ii? iaoee. I?e oeueiio caoaaaeeii, ui aeooaeuei?noue oaie
iaoiiaeth?oueny ye “eaai?aoi?ieie”, nooi oai?/eie i?iaeaiaie aea/aiiy
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?, oae ? “aeeaei” iioieii
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai aoooy, iaoe?iiaeueii? naiii?aai?caoe?? oe?a?inoaa,
eiai aeooiaiei naiiooaa?aeaeaiiyi, yea iiaea a?aeaooeny eeoa o oa?aaoa??
?ooo ethaenoaa ye nenoaie iaoe?iiaeueieo aeaiaio?a. C`ynoaaiiy i?iaeaie
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? a?aee?eaa? iia? iiaeeeaino?, c iaeiiai
aieo, – aeeaoa ona?aeiieoe i?e?iaeiee i?ioean naii?icaeoeo oe?a?inoaa,
a?eueo /?oei aecia/eoe eiai i?noea ? ?ieue a nenoai? ?icaeiaieo iaoe?e
na?oo, a, c ?ioiai, – ii/aoe i?aeoe/ii a?ae?iaeaeoaaoe aoi?/io ?
iaoe?iiaeueio na?aeiiinoue – iaeaaaeeea?oo oiiao aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioeo?eaoe?? aoaeue-yei? ethaeeie ? ?? iaoe?iiaeueii? eiinie?aeaoe??.

Aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue no?oeoo?ii neeaaeiee oaiiiai, a yeiio
o?nii ia?aieaoai? ? aca?iiae?thoue ye aoi?/i?, iaoe?iiaeuei? oae ?
aea?aeaaioai?/? /eiieee, aeine?aeaeaiiy yeeo caiaoiaeeoueny a noa??
aoiiiie?oieia?? ? aoiiaea?aeaaiciaanoaa.

Iaea?eueo iii?oiee aieea ia aecia/aiiy oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo
i?aeoiae?a ia?aiiai aaoi?ii aeine?aeaeaiiy ni?aaeee i?aoe? oe?a?inueeeo
a/aieo ? ieneeoae?a iiia?aaei?o iieie?iue. Oea, ianaiia?aae, i?aoe?
A.Aioiiiae/a, TH.Aa/einueeiai, I.Ai/eianueeiai, A.Aeiie/aiea,
I.A?ooaanueeiai, N.Aei?no?yinueeiai, I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, I.Einoiia?iaa,
A.Eeieinueeiai, I.I?oiianueeiai, I.Iioaai?, E.?aaaoa, N.?oaeieoeueeiai,
A.Noa?inieuenueeiai, I.Noe?ai?nueeiai, ?.O?aiea, O.Oaa/aiea.

Eiaeiee c ieo, a?aeiia?aeii c iai?yieaie iaoeiai? ? oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino?, c?iaea na?e aianie a ?ic?iaeo oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo
canaae i?ioeano iaoe?ioai?aiiy, aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/aeueieo /eiiee?a
aoi?/ii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? – ni?eueiino? iioiaeaeaiiy,
i?noey ? ?ie? ?noi?e/ii? oa?eoi???, iiae, iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aea?,
aea?aeaaiino?, i?ioeano naiiaecia/aiiy, aoi?/ii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii?
na?aeiiino?, ina?oe, ni?eueii? ?noi?e/ii? iai`yo?, ethaia? aei ??aeiiai
e?ath oiui.

I?e aeine?aeaeaii? i?iaeaie iaaecae/aeii ei?eniei aoei iciaeiieaiiy
aaoi?a c i?aoeyie no/anieo oe?a?inueeeo a/aieo, o oiio /ene? e
ae?anii?e, iaoeia? ?ioa?ane yeeo iia`ycai? c aea/aiiyi
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo ? aoiiiie?oe/ieo i?iaeai, i?ioean?a aoi?/ii? ?
iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?. Oea, ianaiia?aae, i?aoe? ?.A?eeinueeiai
(NOA), ?.Ae/ea, I.A?ae/aanueeiai, I.Ao?ae?y, ss.Aeaoeaae/a, A.?aoooa,
I.Caaoaeei, A.?aaieoeia, A.?aiaoiaa, A.Eiyaeeinueeiai (NOA), O.Eocuei
(Aaeeeia?eoai?y), A.E?niaiai, A.Ia?eony (NOA), I.Iioeey (NOA), A.Iaoeea,
I.Iaeueae, I.Iai/oea, A.Iiiiaa, I.Iio?/iiai (NOA), A.Iiooeueieoeueeiai,
A.Na?aec?inueeiai, A.Niie?y, A.Nieaeaoaiea, I.Noaoaeueiiai (Eaiaaea),
A.O?iueinueeiai, TH.Oaiiaaea, ?.Oii?ethea (NOA) oa ?yaeo ?i.

Aaaaoi oe?eaaeo ?aeae, ui oi?eathoueny ie?aieo aniaeo?a ?icaeoeo
i?ioan?eii?, eeaniai?, aoi?/ii?, iaoe?iiaeueii? oa ?ioeo ?aeaioeo?eaoe?e
iniae aeyaeaii aaoi?ii o ioae?eaoe?yo: I.Aaae?ii?, TH.Aaaecuei,
A.Ai?enaiei, N.Aiaeaie/a, N.A?aaianueeiai, E.Aoaa?nueeiai, O.Aoi/aea
(NOA), ?.Aecthae, I.AEoeeinueeiai, A.Eai?inueeiai (NOA), O.Eaiaea,
A.Eanueyiiaa, A.Ee?e/aiea, I.Eiiiiaiea, A.E?aiaiy, N.Eoeue/eoeueeiai,
?.Eo?ana, A.Eo/a?a, TH.Eaaaioey, I.Ia?ooianueei?, O.Iaaea?aey, A.I?noii,
I.Ie?iiaiea, I.Ieoaeue/aiea, I.Iieeyea, A.Iai?aoaeueeanee,
A.Iiiiia?ueiaa, I.Iiiiae/a, A.?aaeaea, I.?oaeaeaae/a, O.?oaee/a,
I.Noaieei, A.Oaaaea, A.Oeiea?oea ? aeayeeo ?ioeo.

Cia/iee ?ioa?an a ieai? aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?aii? aaoi?ii i?iaeaie
noaiiaeee i?aoe? (iiiia?ao??, a?ioo?e, noaoo?) ca?oa?aeieo aaoi??a –
o?einio?a, iie?oieia?a, ?noi?ee?a, aoiieia?a, aoiinioe?ieia?a,
aoiia?ao?a oa ?ioeo, oai?aoe/i? oa aii??e/i? ?aea? yeeo aoee
i?iaiae?ciaai? aaoi?ii a eiioaeno? oi?ioaaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioe/iino? ? i?ioeano iaoe?iiaeueii? eiinie?aeaoe?? oe?a?ioe?a.

Caaaeaiiy, ui aoee aecia/ai? aeena?oaioii, coiiaeee aeei?enoaiiy
oe?ieiai eiea iae??ciiiai?oi?oeo oai?aoeei-i?eeeaaeieo aeaea?ae ?
a?aeiiinoae, iaeiie/aieo aoiai?oa?ieie, i?e?iaeie/eie ? oae caaieie
ci?oaieie iaoeaie, noaoenoe/ieo aeaieo i?i aeeiai?eo aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
no?oeoo?e oe?a?inueeiai noni?euenoaa, io?oe?eieo, o oiio /ene? e
i?eeiyoeie i?aeia?iaeieie i?aai?caoe?yie aeieoiaio?a ? iaoa??ae?a, ui
?aaoeththoue aioo??- ? i?aeiaoe?iiaeuei? a?aeiineie.

O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy, aaoi? aeei?enoiaoaaa ie?ai? a?aeiiino?,
noaoenoe/i? aeai?, ui iioae?eiaai? a aeieoiaioao oeaio?aeueieo i?aai?a
aeaaee, a oaeiae aeia?aeeiao e?oa?aoo?o, ui aeeoea ae?oeii a Oe?a?i?
inoaii?i /anii

Ia aeoieo aaoi?a, iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie iaoeiaeo oyaeaiue i?i aoiin ?
iaoe?th, aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie ?o ?aeaioe/iino? iathoue oa?aeoa?
naii?icaeoeo oai???, yea ? i?e?iaeiei noaiii ethaenueeiai i?ciaiiy.
Neeaaei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy oaeiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? na?ae/aiiyi iaaii?
“iaae?noi?e/iino?” aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai, eiai a?/iiai, a?inioe?aeueiiai
?nioaaiiy.

Aea oey “a?/i?noue” iino?eii aoi?aa?oueny o ?noi?e/io iioi/i?noue,
iio?aao? aaeaeaaoii? ?aaeoe?? ethaenueeiai ?icoio ?, ianaiia?aae, iaoee
? iie?oeee, aieiaieie caaaeaiiyie yeeo ? aii?yaeeoaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueiiai,
i?eaaaeaiiy eiai o noai ii?iaeueiiai caaaeueiioeea?e?caoe?eiiai yaeua,
ciyooy c iueiai ??cieo iaoa?oaaiue c oei, uia i?aaenoaaeoe
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ye aeya aaiaoe/iiai ?nioaaiiy ethaenoaa ? iaiaaaoeny a
oaeiio eiioaeno? ?ica`ycoaaoe aoi?/i? ? iaoe?iiaeuei? i?iaeaie, ?
ianaiia?aae, aieiaio c ieo – i?iaeaio aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?
oe?a?inoaa.

Ca`ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Ia?aiee aaoi?ii
iai?yi aeine?aeaeaiiy iia`ycaiee c ?ic?iaeith aea?aeaaieo
iaoeiai-aeine?aeieoeueeeo i?iaeo?a: “Eioeaiooaeuei? canaaee
iaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie (1993-1995)”, “Aoiiiaoe?iiaeuei?
i?ioeane a no/ani?e Oe?a?i?” – (I?i?noa?noaa Oe?a?ie o ni?aaao iaoee ?
oaoiieia?e – iaoeiaee iai?yi ?7. Iaoeia? i?iaeaie ?icaoaeiae
aea?aeaaiino? Oe?a?ie); ?noi??y aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo i?ioean?a a Oe?a?i?,
Aoiinioe?aeuei? i?iaeaie eiinoeoothaaiiy no/anii? oe?a?inueei? iaoe??.
?noi?eei-iie?oieia?/iee aniaeo (Iaoeiai-aeia?oii? ?aaee I?i?noa?noaa
ina?oe Oe?a?ie); iaoeiaeo ieai?a: ?inoeoooo iie?oe/ieo ?
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie; ?inoeoooo ?noi??? IAI
Oe?a?ie; ?inoeoooo o?einio?? IAI Oe?a?ie; ?inoeoooo ienoaoeoaiciaanoaa ?
oieueeei?enoeee oa aoiieia?? ?i. I.O.?eeuenueeiai IAI Oe?a?ie; ?inoeoooo
aea?aeaae ? i?aaa IAI Oe?a?ie ?i. A.I.Ei?aoeueeiai; ?inoeoooo
oe?a?iiciaanoaa oa eaoaae?e iie?oieia?? Ee?anueeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.

Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. A?aeiia?aeii aei no/aniiai ??aiy
aoiiiie?oieia?/iiai ciaiiy ? iayaieo aioo?? – ? i?aeaea?aeaaieo i?iaeai
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai ?icaeoeo aecia/eoe aoiiiaoe?iiaeueio ?aeaioe/i?noue
– oaiiiai i?ioeano aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? eiinie?aeaoe??, ?ice?eoe eiai
no?oeoo?o ? ci?no, iieacaoe i?noea ? ?ieue a i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy
oe?a?inueei? iaoe??.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeeeeaea iaiao?aei?noue aeeiiaiiy ?yaeo caaaeaiue:

· i?iaanoe ?ao?iniaeoeaiee aiae?c aoii- ? iaoe?iaaiaoe/ii? oac
nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe?? ethaeeie ? ia oe?e iniia? aecia/eoe
iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?, ye? iathoue
aooe ia o?eueee iaaiith oai?aoe/iith aaeaeaaoi?noth oe??? ?ao?iniaeoe??,
a, ianaiia?aae, iaae?eiei ?ino?oiaioa???i aeey i?ciaiiy
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai ye yaeua nioe?aeueii? aaiethoe??;

· ie?aneeoe iaae? aoi?/ii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iinoae ? ia ?o
iniia? noi?ioethaaoe no/ani? ia?aiao?e aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?,
ye i?aai?/ii? neeaaeiai? i?ioeano iaoe?ioai?aiiy;

· aecia/eoe iniaeeaino? aioiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oe?a?ioe?a ia
oeyoo aei ?o iaoe?iiaeueiiai naiiaecia/aiiy ? naiiooaa?aeaeaiiy, c oei,
uia aeiaeoe o? aecia/aeuei? /eiieee, ye? ?ooathoue oe?a?inueeo
ni?euei?noue aei aeui?, naia iaoe?iiaeueii? yeino?;

· noi?ioethaaoe iniiai? oai?aoe/i? i?iaeaie aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oe?a?ioe?a a oiiaao aea?aeaaii? iacaeaaeiino? ?
aecia/eoe iaea?eueo iioeiaeuei? oeyoe ?o ?ica`ycaiiy, iaaeiiouaiiy aoii-
? i?aeiaoe?iiaeueieo eiioe?eo?a a oe?a?inueeiio noni?euenoa?;

· iaa?oiooaaoe iaiao?aei?noue aeei?enoaiiy iaoe?ieia?/iiai ciaiiy i?e
?ic?iaoe? ? ?aae?caoe?? iaoeiai? eiioeaioe?? iaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee
aea?aeaae, yea ia? caaacia/eoe aioo??- ? i?aeiaoe?iiaeueio ceaaiaeo a
Oe?a?i?.

Iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeathoue caaaeueiio?einionuee?
iaoiaee: ii?aeiaiiy caaaeueiiai, iniaeeaiai ? iaeeie/iiai.

A iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy iieeaaeaiee aoiiiie?oieia?/iee iaoiae, yeee, ia
aeoieo aaoi?a, ? iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiei i?e c`ynoaaii? nooiino?
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo i?iaeai ? cie?aia aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? a
eiioaeno? oi?ioaaiiy oe?a?inueei? iaoe??, i?noey ? ?ie? aea?aeaae a
oeueiio i?ioean?.

O aeine?aeaeaii? aeei?enoaii ae?aeaeoe/iee i?aeo?ae, yeee aeaa
iiaeeea?noue canoinoaaoe i?e aeine?aeaeaii? aoiino ? iaoe?? aaiethoe?eio
oai??th, aeeaoa c`ynoaaoe aca?iica`ycie a?ieia?/iiai ? nioe?aeueiiai,
iaoe?iiaeueiiai ? ?ioa?iaoe?iiaeueiiai oiui.

O ieai? ae??oaiiy iinoaaeaieo aaoi?ii caaaeaiue aoaeoeaieie aeyaeeenue
oaeiae ?noi??ieia?/iee, nenoaiiee, nioe?ieia?/iee,
no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueiee, ii??aiyeueii-aiae?oe/iee,
nioe?aeueii-aeaiia?ao?/iee ? aeaye? ?io? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Cie?aia, ?noi??ieia?/iee iaoiae (?.Aa?ca?) aeaa iiaeeea?noue ia o?eueee
i?iaanoe ?ao?iniaeoeaiee aiae?c i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy aoi?/ii? ?
iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? oe?a?ioe?a, aea ? ca?aeii c aoiiiie?oe/iith
?aaeuei?noth nei?aaoaaoe iaoo aeine?aeaeaiiy, ooi/ieoe ?yae onoaeaieo
oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue ? aeniiae?a.

A iaoiaeieia?th aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiaeeoue oai?aoe/ii inieneaiee na?oiaee
aoiiiie?oieia?/iee aeina?ae, eiai eeane/ia /anoeia, yea i???ioo?
aeine?aeieea ia aea?? iaaii? iaoeiai? ?ioi?iaoe?? aeey aea/aiiy oaeeo
neeaaeieo yaeu, ye aoiin ? iaoe?y, aecia/aiiy iniiaieo /eiiee?a ?o
?aeaioeo?eaoe??.

Oai?aoe/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy noaee iaaeaaiiy oe?a?inueeeo
a/aieo, ye? ? aaciaeie aeey ?icoi?iiy no/anieo aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo
i?ioean?a, cie?aia i?iaeaie aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? oe?a?inoaa.

Ia`?eoii aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia
?aeaioe/i?noue – ae??oaeueiee /eiiee aecia/aiiy nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii?
iaeaaeiino? ethaeeie, ?? aaiethoe?eieo canaae ? oaeoi??a ?icaeoeo a
ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae iaoe?inoaiiaeaiiy.

I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? i?noea ? ?ieue aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioe/iino? a i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy oe?a?inueei? iaoe??.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a iieyaa? o
noai?aii? eiioeaioe?? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?, ui aeicaieeei
noi?ioethaaoe oae? oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy ? iaoeia? aeniiaee, ui
aeiinyoueny ia caoeno:

· aecia/aii ci?no ? oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee iiiyooy
“aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue”, eiai no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueio
?ieue a aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo i?ioeanao, cie?aia a nenoai? naiii?aai?caoe??
oe?a?inoaa;

· i?iaaaeaii ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c aecia/aeueieo ?en aoiino ? iaoe?? ? ia
oe?e iniia? aeiaaaeaii, ui oe? noni?euei? oaiiiaie ia oioiaei?: eiaeiee
?c ieo ?ai?acaioo? iaaiee nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eiee oei homo, yeee
oi?io?oueny a?aeiia?aeii a aoiiaaiaoe/io ? iaoe?iaaiaoe/io oace
noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo, ye? yaeythoue niaith aea? aca?iiiia`ycai? noi?iie
?icaeoeo ethaeeie, ?? a?inioe?aeueii? nooiino?;

· ia iniia? aiae?co iayaieo o na?oia?e aoiiiie?oe/i?e iaooe? oai??e
cai?iiiiiaaii aaoi?nueea aa/aiiy eiioeaioe??, ca?aeii c yeith iniiao
oi?ioaaiiy iaoe?? noaiiaeyoue a?iiaaenuee? (noni?euei?) aca?ieie.
Iaa?oioiaaii, ui iaoe?y nueiaiaei? ? iniiaiith oi?iith
iaoe?iiaeueii-aea?aeaaii? naiii?aai?caoe?? ethaenoaa, i?e/iio iniaa,
?iaeea?aeoaeuei?noue a oae?e i?aai?caoe?? ia ao?a/a? naiai ae??oaeueiiai
aieeao ia noni?eueiee ?icaeoie;

· i?iaeiaaeaii oai?aoe/iee iiooe oeyo?a “aoae?aieoeoaa” iaoe?ieia?? –
iaoee i?i aeeooy iaoe?e. Oaea iaoea iieeeeaia noaoe oai?aoe/iith
iniiaith ?ic?iaee iaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee, aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a
iaoe?ioai?aiiy, cie?aia, aecia/aiiy i?noey ? ?ie? iniiaiiieiaeieo
/eiiee?a aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? a eiioaeno? aoi?/ii? ?
iie?oe/ii? eiioeaioe?e oi?ioaaiiy oe?a?inueei? iaoe??;

· cai?iiiiiaaii aaoi?nueea aa/aiiy i?aai?ee aoi?/iiai ? iaoe?iiaeueiiai
o no/aniiio iaoe?iiaeueiiio aeeoo?, ia iniia? yeiai ?icaeyaeathoueny
eiai oi?ia ? ci?no. Naia c iiceoe?e aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?
iaoe?iiaeueia i?aaenoaaey?oueny ye oa nioe?aeueia yaeua, yea noai?th?
aoaeoeaio aeanio oi?io, ye iaaio aaeaeaaoi?noue, cie?aia, eoeueoo?io ?
oiio oaa?aeaeaiiy a?eueoiaecio “i?i iaoe?iiaeueio ca oi?iith ?
nioe?ae?noe/io ca ci?noii eoeueoo?o” ? oeaiei, ine?eueee eoeueoo?a ? ca
oi?iith, ? ca ci?noii ia? aooe aoi?/iith aai iaoe?iiaeueiith;

· aeiaaaeaii, ui iaoe?iiae?ci ye na?oiaeyaeia yaeua ia? ieaiaoa?iee
oa?aeoa?. O iueiio i?enooi? ia eeoa aeooiai?, a e iaoa??aeuei? canaaee,
iaaiee ia`?eoeaiee a?oio. Aea ye ?aeaieia?/ia aeieo?eia iaoe?iiae?ci
oeoia/eoueny ? aeei?enoiao?oueny ??cieie iie?oe/ieie neeaie iaiaeiaeiai,
o a?aeiia?aeiino? c iaaieie iie?oe/ieie ?ioa?anaie, ui iaaaoeaii aieeaa?
ia ?nioaaiiy eiai ye noni?eueiiai yaeua. Oiio aaoi? aaaaea?, ui
iaaaoeaiee ?i?aeae iaoe?iiae?cio a Oe?a?i? iia`ycaiee c o?aa?/iith
?noi???th ?icaeoeo ?? ia?iaeo i?ioyaii aaaaoueio noie?oue;

· iieacaii oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/io cia/ei?noue eiioeaioe??
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? a i?ioean? eiinie?aeaoe?? oe?a?inueei?
iaoe?? ca oiia ?icaoaeiae ?? aea?aeaaiino?. A?aoiaioiaaii aeniiaie i?i
oa, ui oey eiioeaioe?y ia eeoa a nenoai? iie?oe/ieo iaoe, a e ye iaoeiaa
caaacia/aiiy iie?oe/ieo ??oaiue ia? aeoiaeeoe c iaiao?aeiino? i?yiiai
iie?oe/iiai ?aaoethaaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo i?ioean?a c a?aooaaiiyi
?ioa?an?a aoi?/ieo oe?a?ioe?a ? niaoeeo?/ieo iio?aa an?o iaoeaioe?a
Oe?a?ie a caaaeueiiio eiioaeno? iiaoaeiae noaa?aiii? iacaeaaeii?,
aeaiie?aoe/ii?, nioe?aeueii? ? i?aaiai? aea?aeaae ia ??ai? no/anii?
na?oiai? oeea?e?caoe??;

· aeyaeaii, ui aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue a eiaeiiio aeaiiio /an?
? iaaiiio i?inoi?? aenooia? ye ooiaeaiaioaeueia iniiaa i?ioeano
iaoe?ioai?aiiy, ye naiai ?iaeo noaea, iacaeaaeia aaee/eia, yea
aaciina?aaeiuei ia ci?ith?oueny c? ci?iith iiae?e, ioaea aaaaoi a /iio
?icai?oa?oueny iacaeaaeii a?ae aie? ? aaaeaiiy ethaeeie ? oa?aeoa?o
iiae?e, oi/a aieea inoaii?o ia oeae i?ioean ? oeueiai i?ioeano ia iiae??
iiaea aooe iaa?oue ae??oaeueiei, ye oea aoei ? niinoa??aa?oueny
nueiaiaei? a Oe?a?i?;

· i?iaaaeaii ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c oai?aoe/ieo i?aeoiae?a ca?oa?aeieo ?
a?o/eciyieo a/aieo uiaei aecia/aiiy ieie aoi?/ii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioe/iino? ? c?iaeaii aeniiaie i?i oa, ui a iniiaiiio aiie
(i?aeoiaee) ni?aiaaeathoue, a oea, a naith /a?ao, i?aeoaa?aeaeo? ia eeoa
caaaeuei?noue i?ioeano aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai aca?iii?iieeiaiiy, a e ??aiy
i?ea?iaeueiino? ? caaaeueiicia/ouino? iaoe?iiaeueieo iniaeeainoae.
I?aeoe/ii oea icia/a?, ui na?o iaoe?e, ui caaoueny na?oiaei
ni?aoiaa?enoaii, iiaea ni?eeiyoe (“ionoeoe aei naaa”) eeoa ni?aaaei?e
i?ea?iaeueiee aeoa?? (/eoae – Oe?a?io, /e aoaeue-yeo ?ioo
iaoe?iiaeueii-aea?aeaaio i?aai?caoe?th), yeee iaeneiaeueii iiaeeeai
oiniaeth? ?aaeueia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeaiaioo ? nenoaie, /anoeie ?
oe?eiai;

· c?iaeaii ni?iao i?aai?/iiai ii?aeiaiiy aoi?/iiai ? iaoe?iiaeueiiai
oaiiiai?a ?aeaioe/iino? a eiioaeno? oeo i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny
nueiaiaei? a Oe?a?i? ? ia oe?e iniia? iaa?oioiaaii aeniiaie, ui ia
aeeaey/enue ia ia?ao?aeiee ?? noai (a?ae oioae?oa?ecio /a?ac
aaoi?eoa?eci aei aeaiie?ao??) oe?a?inueeiai noni?euenoaa, iaaeinoaoi?e
??aaiue c??eino? /eiiee?a aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?, i?ioean
iaoe?ioai?aiiy ? naiiooaa?aeaeaiiy oe?a?inoaa ye iaoe?? o no/aniiio,
?aaeueiiio na?o?, ana ae i?iaeiaaeo?oueny;

· aeiaaaeaii, ui aoaeue-yea iaoe?y, cie?aia, oe?a?inueea, ia iiaea aeeoe
ia ?noi?e/ii aeinyaiooo a?aei?oeo ?icaeoeo aaeeeeo iaoe?e aac iayaiino?
a i?e iaiao?aeiiai ?ioaa?aoeaiiai ??aiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioe/iino?. Oe?a?inoai nueiaiaei? oae? oiiae ia? ? eeoa /an ci?i,
?aoi?iaoe?? ? iie?oe/iee aioaaii?ci iin??a ??cieo nioe?aeueieo ?aeaae?a
oa ?ioa?an?a caaaaea? eiio ii??aiyii oaeaeei ciyoe iaaeinoaoi?noue
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? ye i?iaeaio, ye oiiao eiinie?aeaoe??
iaoe??;

· cai?iiiiiaaii iiaa aa/aiiy ci?noo iecee oe?iei aaeeaaieo o a?o/eciyi?e
iaooe? iiiyoue iaoe?ieia?/iiai ciaiiy: “?icea?o ? ceeooy iaoe?e”,
“iaoe?iiaeueia ca oi?iith ? nioe?ae?noe/ia ca ci?noii eoeueoo?a”,
“iaoe?iiaeuei? a?aeiineie”, “iaoe?iiaeueia ieoaiiy”, “ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueiiai oa ?ioa?iaoe?iiaeueiiai”, “i?aai iaoe?e ia
naiiaecia/aiiy”, “?ioa?iaoe?iiae?ci”, “einiiiie?oeci” ? aeayeeo ?ioeo.

Oai?aoe/ia oa i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a
oiio, ui aiii ni?eyoeia i?eaa?iaiith oaaae iaoeiaoe?a, an?o oeo, ooi
oe?eaaeoueny aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiith i?iaeaiaoeeith aei aea/aiiy
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?, ?ic?iaee ?? oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo
canaae, aecia/aiiy iaea?eueo iioeiaeueieo oeyo?a uiaei ao?eaiiy a
i?aeoeeo noni?eueiiai aeeooy aeiia aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai aoooy.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e ?ic?iaoe?
eiioeaiooaeueieo canaae iaoe?ieia?? ye iaoee, oae ? iaa/aeueii?
aeenoeeie?ie.

O iaooe? aeei?enoaiiy noai?aieo eiioeaiooaeueieo canaae no/aniiai
aa/aiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo i?ioean?a a oe?a?inoa? ? aaaaeaiiy ?o a
nenoaio iie?oe/ieo iaoe aeanoue iiaeeea?noue oe?iei ?icai?iooe iaoeia?
aeine?aeaeaiiy ia eeoa aeania a iaaeao iaoe?ieia??, a e ?ioeie
i?e?iaeie/eie ? noni?eueieie iaoeaie, aea ciaoiaeyoueny iniaeeai aaeee?
?aca?ae aeey ?ice?eooy a?inioe?aeueieo ci?i ia oeyoo
nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe?? ethaeeie.

Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy ia? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ye aeey iaoee, oae
? aeey i?aai?caoe?? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? oe?a?inoaa ia oeo aaiaoe/ieo ?
nioe?aeueieo canaaeao, ye? aeeoee nueiaiaei? ia iaaiee ??aaiue ?icaeoeo.
A?aooaaiiy oaeiai ??aiy a iie?oeoe? aeanoue ciiao ?ica`ycaoe i?iaeaio
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? a iaoe?ioai?/iio i?ioean?, ui ?
iaei??th c iaeaieiai?oeo canaae aeoiaeo oe?a?inoaa ia
caaaeueiioeea?e?caoe?eiee oeyo ?icaeoeo.

A iie?oe/i?e aaeoc? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai?
i?e ?ic?iaoe? caaaeueii? eiioeaioe?? iaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie,
iie?oe/ieo ? i?aaiaeo aeieoiaio?a aea?aeaae, i?ia?ai iie?oe/ieo ia?o?e
oiui.

Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe iiaeooue neeanoe eiioeaiooaeueia i?aea?oioy aeey
iie?oe/ii? ? i?aaiai? i?aeoeee ia oeyoo iiooe?a ?aeiaiiy oe?a?ioe?a,
iniiao yeiai ia? neeanoe aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue.

Iaoa??aee aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue iaoe i?aeoe/ia canoinoaaiiy a
no/aniiio iaoe?i- ? aea?aeaaioai?/iio i?ioean? a Oe?a?i?, ia`?aeiaii?
coneeue ia oeyoo iiaeieaiiy e?eciaeo yaeu a aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo
i?ioeanao, a?aeaa?iaii? i?aeiaoe?iiaeueieo eiioe?eo?a.

Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?? iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e iaienaii?
niaoe?aeueieo ?icae?e?a o i?ae?o/ieeao, iaoeiai-iaa/aeueieo iin?aieeao
?c noni?euenoaiciaa/eo aeenoeeie?i, a yeeo ?icaeyaeathoueny ie?ai?
aniaeoe aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? i?iaeaiaoeee.

?ic?iaeai? aeena?oaioii aeniiaee ? ocaaaeueiaiiy noai?ththoue oai?aoe/i?
i?aeaaeeie aeey aaaaeaiiy o aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao, ianaiia?aae
aoiai?oa?iiai i?io?eth, eo?no “Iaoe?ieia?y” ? o oeueiio eiioaeno?
oai?aoe/i? caeiaooee oe?a?inueeeo iaoe?ieia?a iiaee a ?icaeyaeaoeny ?o
iine?aeiaieeaie ye caaaeueii-oai?aoe/iee ? iaoiaeieia?/iee a?oio, ia
yeiio a aacoaaeanue any nenoaia iaoe?ieia?/iiai ciaiiy.

Aeena?oaoe?eia aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaea ciaeoe nai? canoinoaaiiy ? a
iaaeaaia?/i?e ae?yeueiino? ia an?o ??aiyo ina?oiuei? i?aai?caoe??
Oe?a?ie, c?icoi?ei, c a?aooaaiiyi iniaeeainoae eiaeiiai c oeeo ??ai?a.
Ioaea, cae?eniaia aeine?aeaeaiiy ia? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/io cia/ei?noue aeey
aeei?enoaiiy ye a iaoeia?e, oae ? a iie?oe/i?e ? ina?oi?e ?iaio?.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee aeei?enoai? aaoi?ii o iiiia?ao?? oa 4 eieaeoeaieo
i?aoeyo ? 2 ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo a?ioo?ao, 21 noaoo?, a ?ioeo iaoeiaeo
ioae?eaoe?yo, caaaeueiei ianyaii iiiaae 30 ae?oeiaaieo a?eoo?a.

Ie?ai? iaoeia? i?iaeaie aeena?oaoe?? aoee aena?oeai? aaoi?ii ia 15
i?aeia?iaeieo, anaoe?a?inueeeo (?anioae?eainueeeo), ?aa?iiaeueieo
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo, nai?ia?ao ? can?aeaiiyo “e?oaeiai
noieo”: “Oe?a?inueea ?aeaeia niaaeueia o aeeeaaeaii? aoiai?oa?ieo iaoe”
(Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1992); “Iie?oe/ia aeoiea a Oe?a?i?: ieioea ?
no/ani?noue” (Ee?a, 1993); “Oe?a?inueea iie?oieia?y: i?iaeaie ?
ia?niaeoeae ?? noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo” (Ee?a, 1994); “?aa?iiaeueia
iie?oeea Oe?a?ie: eiioeaiooaeuei? canaaee, ?noi??y, ia?niaeoeae” (Ee?a,
1994); “Oe?a?iiciaanoai: oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/i? oa i?aai?caoe?ei?
i?iaeaie” (Ee?a, 1994); “I?iaeaie niai?iino? Oe?a?ie a OO noie?oo?”
(Ee?a, 1994); “120 ?ie?a c aeiy ia?iaeaeaiiy aeaaeai?ea
N.E.?oaeieoeueeiai” (Ee?a, 1997), “Aeaeaoia a?oa oe?a?inueei? ?noi???
(aei 80-oe ??//y Aeoo Ceoee 22 n?/iy 1919?)” ? ?yae? ?ioeo. Aeaye?
iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe aaoi? aeiiia?aeaa ia ui??/ieo “Aeiyo iaoee”
o?einionueeiai oaeoeueoaoo, iaoiaeieia?/ieo nai?ia?ao eaoaae?e
iie?oieia?? Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.

Ie?ai? iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy ? aeniiaee aoee ai?iaiaai? a aaoi?nueeeo
niaoeeo?nao: “Iaoe?ieia?y ? iie?oeea”, “I?iaeaie iaoe?iiaeueiiai
?icaeoeo ? iie?oeea”, “Aoiiiaoe?iiaeuei? i?ioeane a Oe?a?i? ? iie?oeea”,
ui aeeeaaeaeenue nooaeaioai oi?aa?neoaoo (1992-1995 ??.), neooa/ai
?inoeoooo i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? aeeeaaea/?a noni?eueieo iaoe i?e
Ee?anueeiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea (1992-1994 ??.) oa
?inoeoooo i?aeaeuaiiy eaae?o?eaoe?? ea??aieo eaae??a ina?oe (1996-1997
??.), a oaeiae o aenooiao ia oe?a?inueeiio ?aae?i a i?ia?ai? “Iie?oe/ia
nooae?y”.

Iniiai? ?aea?, aeniiaee, ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, aeeeaaeai? a iiiia?ao?? “Aoiin
? iaoe?y: i?iaeaie ?aeaioe/iino?” aoee noaaeai? A/aiith ?aaeith
o?einionueeiai oaeoeueoaoo Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana
Oaa/aiea.

Aeena?oaoe?y aoea iaaiai?aia ? ?aeiiaiaeiaaia aei caoenoo ia eaoaae??
iie?oieia?? o?einionueeiai oaeoeueoaoo Iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.

Aeinoia??i?noue iaea?aeaieo aaoi?ii oai?aoe/ieo aeniiae?a
i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny ioe?ieith oao?aoe?a c i?iaeai aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai
?icaeoeo.

No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe?? aecia/aia iinoaaeaiith iaoith, caaaeaiiyie ?
oa?aeoa?ii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, oanoe ?icae?e?a,
aeniiae?a, nieneo e?oa?aoo?e. Ianya oaenoo aeena?oaoe?? – 380 noi?.,
nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e i?noeoue 450 iaeiaioaaiue.

INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??

O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe??,
aecia/a?oueny ia`?eo ? i?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy, nooi?iue eiai ?ic?iaee ?
iaoeiaa iiaecia, oi?ioeththoueny iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia
caoeno, iaoa oa caaaeaiiy, iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae oa oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/ia
cia/ei?noue ?iaioe, a?aeiiino? i?i ai?iaaoe?th ?? ?acoeueoao?a oiui.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Noaiiaeaiiy ethaeeie a iaoe?ioai?/iio aniaeo?”
i?iaiaeeoueny ?ao?iniaeoeaiee aiae?c oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo
i?aeoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy nooiino? ethaeeie a eiioaeno? aecia/aiiy
iniiaieo oei?a nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? ?? aaiethoe?? (ieai`y, ??ae,
ia?iaei?noue, iaoe?y). I?eeiyoi?oei aeey oaeiai aiae?co, ia iiaeyae
aaoi?a, ? aaiethoe?eiee iaoiae, yeee aeoiaeea c ?aea? ?aeeiiiiae?aiiai
?icaeoeo ethaenoaa ia canaaeao i?e?iaeii? aaiethoe??. O oeueiio
eiioaeno? oeae iaoiae iaaea? a?eueo?, ii??aiyii c ?ioeie (o aeaiiio
aeiaaeeo c e?aaoe?ii?nonueeei ? ia?eneonueei-eai?inueeei), iiaeeeaino?
aeey aea/aiiy i?ioeano iaoe?iiae?caoe?? ethaeeie, aecia/aiiy ??aiy
a?inioe?aeueiino? a?aeiia?aeii aei ?? nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe??.

O aeena?oaoe?? ?ice?eaa?oueny ci?no aaiethoe?eiiai iaoiaeo, a yeiio
aa?iii?eii ii?aeiai? iaeaaaeeea?o? neeaaeia? aeaiaioe ia`?eoeaii?
ae?aeaeoeee – iaiao?aei?noue ? aeiaaeeia?noue, iinooiia?noue ?
ia?a?ai?noue, oi?ia ? ooieoe?y oiui. I?ciaiiy oeeo aeaiaio?a aaaaoi
aaaeeoue aeey aeyaeaiiy aca?iica`yceo i?e?iaee oa noni?eueieo yaeu,
caaaeii aeey aecia/aiiy ia?niaeoea ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo.

Ethaeeia ?icaeyaea?oueny aaoi?ii ye oe?e?nia a?inioe?aeueia yaeua, a
yeiio o?eno?oueny iayai?noue ye o?eanieo, oae ? aeooiaieo canaae,
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy yeeo iino?eii ci?ith?oueny, ye aeaeici?ith?oueny e naia
ethaeeia. Iaaea, ui o?eno? oae? aeaeici?ie, – oea iiyaa a?aeiia?aeiiai
oeio nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe?? ethaeeie – ieaiai, ?iae?a,
ia?iaeiinoae (aoiin?a) ? iaoe?e, nooi?iue ?o iie?oecaoe??.

Iae?aeue?oi?oa no/aniee na?o iiae?eaiee ca aoi?/iith ? iaoe?iiaeueiith
iciaeaie. I?e/iio iaoe?iiaeueia iciaea o oeueiio eiioaeno? iinooiiai
aenoaa?oueny ia ia?aaei?e ieai, a oiio ia aeiaaeeiai, ui naia
iaoe?iiaeueia ethaeeia, aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee yei? o?aaeeoe?eii
aaeeaathoue iiiyooy “iaoe?y”, aecia/a? iniiaiee ci?no no/anii? aiioe, ??
iaoe?ioeaio?e/i?noue. I?e /iio aaoi? ia aaniethoeco?, ye oea iiaea
aeaeaoeny, ia ia?oee iiaeyae, ?aeath iaoe?? ? aiioo, yeo aiia
?ai?acaioo?. Ine?eueee aaoi? na?aeiiee oiai, ui ia ?aeay iaoe?? aecia/a?
ci?no iaoe?ioeaio?e/ii? aiioe, a ethaeeia, yea ia`?eoeaii ?
iaoe?iiaeueiith, oiaoi iaeaaeeoue aei yeiainue iaaiiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai
nioe?oio, a ye?e naiii?aai?ciao?oueny ethaenoai a oiae? aeanii?
aaiethoe??. Ooaa?aeaeaiiy oaei? aiioe, ye na?ae/eoue no/aniee
noni?eueiee ?icaeoie, i?ioiaeeoue ia aaci?iaeaiii, a ia??aeei
noia?a/iino? i?ae aoi?/iei ? iaoe?iiaeueiei anooiathoue o eiioe?eo,
a?aeaa?iooe yeee iiaeia eeoa ia oeyoo “ciyooy” i?e/ei, ui aeeeeeaee eiai
iiyao.

I?iaaaeaiee a i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy aiae?c i?e/ei aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo
eiioe?eo?a iieaco?, ui ?o aeieeiaiiy iia`ycaia c aeaiia e?aei?ie
i?aeoiaeaie: c iaeiiai aieo – ?aii?oaaiiyi aaaeeeaino?
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo /eiiee?a, a c ?ioiai – ?o aaniethoecaoe??.
Iiey?i?noue icia/aieo i?aeoiae?a aaoi? iia`yco? c aaaaoianiaeoi?noth ?
aaaaoiaa??aioi?noth i?iaeai aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?,
a?aenooi?noth iaeaaeii? oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ii? aace ?o ?ica`ycaiiy.
Aeno?aeiei ioieoii ?ic?iaee oaeeo canaae, ia aeoieo aaoi?a, iiaei a
noaoe ae?iaeaiiy caaaeueiii?eeiyoieo i?aeoiae?a uiaei aecia/aiiy
nooiino? iniiaiiieiaeieo iiiyoue aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai ciaiiy, yeeie ?
“aoiin” ? “iaoe?y”. O oeueiio eiioaeno? ?noi??ieia?/iee iaoiae
aeine?aeaeaiiy, iiaea noaoe iaoiaeieia?/iith canaaeith ae?iaeaiiy
ni?eueieo i?aeoiae?a, ii?icoi?iiy iaoeiaoe?a ??cieo aaeocae ciaiue –
?noi?ee?a, aoiieia?a, o?einio?a, iie?oieia?a oa ?i.

Aiae?c noaiiaeaiiy ethaeeie a iaoe?ioai?/iio aniaeo? iieaco?, ui: a)
?noi?e/ii ethaeeia ?icaeaa?oueny ca caeiiaie i?aai?/ii? aaiethoe??,
a?aeiia?aeii aei aeeaa?aaioeaiiai caeiio noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo; a)
a?ieia?/ia aaiethoe?y i?aethaeeie ? ethaeeie ia`?eoeaii noai?eea iniiao
aeey oi?ioaaiiy nioe?aeueieo oi?i i?aai?caoe?? ethaenueeiai aoooy; a) ia
iaaiiio aoai? aaiethoe?? ethaeeie c`yaeythoueny i?eoaiaii? eeoa i?e?iae?
ethaeeie nioe?aeuei? oi?ie i?aai?caoe?? ni?aaeeooy – ieai?ii?, ?iaeia?,
aoi?/i? ? iaoe?iiaeuei?; a) ?icaeoie nioe?aeueieo a?aeiinei, iniiao yeeo
noaiiaeyoue iie?oe/i? a?aeiineie, iii?oii aieeaa? ia ci?io a?ieia?/ii?
aaiethoe?? ethaeeie; ae) c /ano aeieeiaiiy nioe?aeueieo oi?i
i?aai?caoe?? ethaenueeiai aeeooy ethaeeia ia?anoaea aooe nooi
a?ieia?/iith ?noioith. C oeueiai ia??iaeo aca?iiae?y a?ieia?/iiai ?
nioe?aeueiiai a ethaeei? iiaeeaeth?oueny. Iai/iei oeueiio
i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi ? i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy aoiino – iaeiiai c iniiaieo oei?a
nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe?? ethaeeie.

Ae?oaee ?icae?e “Aoiin – ??ciiaeae i?e?iaeii? ?noi?e/ii?
naiii?aai?caoe?? ethaenoaa ? ia?aaeoiiaa oi?ioaaiiy iaoe??” i?enay/aiee
aiae?co eiioeaiooaeueieo i?aeoiae?a aecia/aiiy ci?noo iiiyooy “aoiin”,
c`ynoaaiiy oa?i?iieia?/ieo ithain?a, eio?? c`yaeythoueny i?e eiai
aaeeaaii? a iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo.

Iaiao?aei?noue oaeiai aiae?co i?iaeeeoiaaia c iaeiiai aieo
iaiao?aei?noth ?ica`ycaiiy oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/ieo i?iaeai, iia`ycaieo c
i?ioeanii aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oe?a?ioe?a ca oiia
ooaa?aeaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? aea?aeaaiino?, a c ?ioiai – iio?aaith
a?eueo /?oei? oa?i?iieia?/ii? aecia/aiino? iiiyooy “aoiin”. Inoaii?, ye
a?aeiii, ua e nueiaiaei? aeei?enoiao?oueny aac iaeaaeii? a oaeeo
aeiaaeeao a?aoiaioaoe??, oiaoi aeia?eueii a e?eueeio cia/aiiyo.

O aeine?aeaeaii? i?iaaaeaii aiae?c eiioeaiooaeueieo i?aeoiae?a aei
aecia/aiiy aoiino E.Aoi?eueiaa, TH.A?iieay, N.A?oothiiaa, A.Naoeaaeiaa,
N.Oiea??aa, A.Eiceiaa, I.*aaiena?iaa, E.*enoiaa, I.Aeaeoioniaa
A.O?oeiaa, E.Oaaoeiai? oa ?i. Oaeee aiae?c iieacaa, ui ?o iiaeyaee uiaei
aecia/aiiy aoiino, eiai i?noey ? ?ie? iaiaeiaeia?, ia??aeei noia?a/eea?.

Ca ?aaeyinueei? aeiae oae? i?aeoiaee aecia/aeeny eeaniaeie canaaeaie.
Oiio an? a?aeii? oao?aoe? a aoiiiaoe?iiaeuei?e aaeoc? aoee ciooai?
ei?enooaaoeny naia oeei i?aeoiaeii, o??ciiiai?oithth/e eiai eeoa ie?ai?
aniaeoe.

Cae?eniaiee aeena?oaioii ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c iiaeyae?a o/aieo
?aaeyinueei? aeiae iieaco?, ui ia aeeaey/enue ia iayai? a?aei?iiino?,
oe? iiaeyaee eiioeaiooaeueii aeecuee?, a c aeayeeo iiceoe?e, cie?aia
uiaei o?iiieia?/ieo iaae aoiino (a?ae ieaiai aei iaoe?e) aiie oioiaei?.

C ?iciaaeii ?aaeyinueeiai Nithco ? noai?aiiyi iaoe?iiaeueieo aea?aeaa
iaoeiaa aeoiea c?iaeea cia/iee e?ie aia?aae a inieneaii? oaeiai oaiiiaia
ye aoiin ? aecia/aii? eiai i?noey na?aae ?ioeo oei?a
nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe?? ethaeeie. Cie?aia, ?in?enuee? a/ai?
TH.Ai?iaeae, A.Ioaeo?a, I.Iaia?aeaoa?e? aaaaeathoue, ui aoiin ? iaoe?y –
oaiiiaie i?eioeeiiai ??ci?. I?e oeueiio caoaaaeeii, ui a oe?a?inueeee
iaooe? oaeee i?aeo?ae ia ? iiaei. ?. O?aiei, I. Ai/eianueeee, A.
Noa?inieuenueeee ? ?o iine?aeiaieee ea?oaaeenue naia oe??th
iaoiaeieia?/iith canaaeith. A.Noa?inieueeee, cie?aia, aaaaeaa, ui aoiin
– oea noeo?eii noai?aia ni?eea, oi?ioaaiiy ae iaoe?? iiaeeeaa eeoa ca
oiia na?aeiiiai ia`?aeiaiiy ethaeae. I.Ai/eianueeee aeae?eea aea?
iniiai? oace o ?icaeoeo ethaeeie: aoii- ? iaoe?iaaiaoe/io, aoiin a?i
ii??aithaaa c “aonaieoeath”, yea /a?ac noni?euei? ia?ai?ie noa?
“iioeeai” – iaoe??th.

Oiio caaaeueiith iaoiaeieia?/iith i?aenoaaith aeey c`ynoaaiiy i?aai?/ieo
canaae aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?, ia iiaeyae aaoi?a, ia? iaoeiai
aeinoia??ia oa?aeoa?enoeea, c iaeiiai aieo, aaiethoe?eii? ?aeiino?
aoiino ? iaoe??, a, c ?ioiai, ?o iaoioiaeiino?. Eiioeaiooaeuei? canaaee
oaeiai i?aeoiaeo aoee caeeaaeai? ua ieneeoaeyie aioe/iino?, ie?ai? ?c
yeeo ae??ciyee c-iii?ae ?ioeo neeaaeiaeo noni?eueiiai aeeooy aoi?/io ?
iaoe?iiaeueio noa?e.

I?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi oeueiio ? ? o? a?aei?iiino?, aieea yeeo ia i?ioean
?aeaioeo?eaoe?? eiaeiiai oeio nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe?? ?
aecia/aeueiei. O aeine?aeaeaii?, cie?aia, aeiaiaeaii, ui aoi?/ia ia
oeyoo aei iaoe?iiaeueiiai aaiethoe?iio? a?ae aeiiii?/ii? noeo?? aei
aeiiii?/ii? ?aeiino? a iaaeao iaoe?iiaeueieo aea?aeaa; a?ae
o?aaeeoe?eii-iiaooiai? eoeueoo?e aei ni?eueii?, a?iiaaeyinueei?
eoeueoo?e; a?ae aoi?/ii? aei iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino?.

Ia iniia? i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co aaoi? aecia/ea aoiin ye iaeei ?c oei?a
nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe?? ethaeeie, a iniia? oi?ioaaiiy yeiai
eaaeeoue i?e?iaeia iio?aaa ethaeae aei ia`?aeiaiiy c iaoith
naiicaa?aaeaiiy ? naii?aeaioeo?eaoe??. Aoiin ?ai?acaioo? aoi?/ia
ethaeeia, ??aaiue iie?oe/iino? yei? aecia/a?oueny oiiaaie ?? ?nioaaiiy ?
iiaeeeainoyie naiioaeineiiaeaiiy.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “Iaoe?y ye iniiaa no/anii? no?oeoo?e ethaenoaa”
ocaaaeueiththoueny aeinyaiaiiy a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo iaoeiaoe?a a
oea?ei? aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoe?? ye noni?eueiiai oaiiiaio, e?eoa???a ??
?aeaioe/iino?.

Aeena?oaio aeoiaeeoue c oiai, ui iaoe?y o ii??aiyii? c aoiinii ? cia/ii
neeaaei?oei ? iiooaei?oei nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eiei ooai?aiiyi.
I?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi oeueiai ? ? oa, ui iaoea iiee ui iaia?
caaaeueiii?eeiyoiai aecia/aiiy iaoe??, a?aenooiy ? ni?eueia oi/ea ci?o
uiaei ?? iioiaeaeaiiy. Oi/a o ca?oa?aei?e aoiiiie?oieia??, oaea ? iaai?
iiceoeai? caeiaooee, cie?aia, ooaa?aeeeany aeao?i?oe?y iaoe?? ye aaeeei?
ni?eueiino? ethaeae “…eio?a /a?ac iia? ia`?eoeai? e noa`?eoeai?
ia?aaeoiiae i?eiaeii? ia aeayeeo oa?eoi??yo ?ioaa?oaaeany a iaeii??aeia
noni?euenoai, ui ona?aeiieth? iayai?noue oe??? iniaeeai? ni?eueiino?, ?
eiio i?eoaiaiia aaaeaiiy aeeoe o ni?euei?e aea?aeaai?e no?oeoo??”.
?eia?aiei TH.?. Aea?aeaaa ? iaoe?y (neooaoe?y a Oe?a?i?) //Iaea
aioeeeeiiaae?y aoiiaea?aeaaiciaanoaa… – N.458.

? ana ae, ia?aeaeueii c oe??th aeao?i?oe??th, ye a ca?oa?aei?e, oae ?
a?o/eciyi?e iaooe?, ni?a?niothoue e ?io?. Aaoi? i?iaiae?coaaa ci?no
?yaeo oai??e iioiaeaeaiiy iaoe?e – aoii?noe/ii? (O.Iiioane`?,
O.Aieueoa?, N.Iai/?i?, E.Ieoaeeianueeee, N. ?oaeieoeueeee oa ?io?),
ineoieia?/ii? (A.?aiai, I.Aaoa?, A.Aoiaeo, A. Eaiaa?a, O.Eann?ae?,
I.Eoe?o, A.Aioiiiae/, A.Noa?inieuenueeee, A.Eo/aanueeee,
N.Aei?no?yinueeee oa ?io?), eoeueoo?ieia?/ii? (E.?aiia?, I.Iioaaiy,
?.O?aiei), ?noi?eei-aeiiii?/ii? (ia?enenonueei-eai?nueei?)
(E.Eaoonueeee, E.Ia?en, O.Aiaaeuen, A.Eai?i, E.Noae?i oa ?io?). Aiae?c
oeeo eiioeaioe?e iieaco?, ui iiyaa eiaeii? c ieo iia`ycaia c iaaieie
oiiaaie noni?eueiiai aeeooy, a ?o ci?no a oe?eiio ia`?eoeaii
a?aeia?aaeaa ??aaiue ?icaeoeo oiai/anii? iaoee.

Aeua icia/aia ioe?iea iiaiith i??ith i?eeeaaea?oueny ? aei aoiieia?/ii?
oai???, yea iaaoea iaea?eueoiai iioe?aiiy ? ia? aaaaoi/enaeueieo
i?eoeeueiee?a – A.Ni?o, ?.Oii?ethe, Aeae.?ioo?eueae, TH.A?iieae,
I.Ai/eianueeee, A.Eeieinueeee, E.?aaao oa ?io?.

O aeena?oaoe?? c?iaeaii aiae?c aoiieia?/ii? eiioeaioe?? iioiaeaeaiiy
iaoe??, ?? iniiaieo ??ciiaeae?a. Iieacaii, ui ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue ye
ca?oa?aeieo oae ? a?o/eciyieo aeine?aeiee?a aeaoaeiaothoue aoiieia?/io
oai??th ia aoi?/iino?, a oaeiae aeaiaioao noa?aeoa?eciaaieo aeua oai??e.
I?aaaea, iiiyooy “aoi?/i?noue” ?icaeyaea?oueny aeine?aeieeaie
iaiaeiaeiai – cao?aeii?a?iiaenuee? o/ai? aaaaeathoue oea iiiyooy
ia?aaaaeii iie?oe/iith eaoaai???th, no?aeii?a?iiaenuee? – iia`ycothoue
eiai c e?iaiei iioiaeaeaiiyi aai aeeaaeathoue eoeueoo?iee ci?no. Iaeiae
an? aoiieia?noe ?aeei? a oiio, ui iniiai? ?ioaa?oth/? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?ei?
aeaiaioe i?ioeano iaoe?ioai?aiiy, oae? ye aoi?/ia na?aeii?noue,
eoeueoo?a, iiaa ? ni?euei? – aoi?/i?.

Iaea?eueo yne?aaei i?aaenoaaieeii aoiieia?/ii? oai??? ia no/aniiio aoai?
a ca?oa?aeiiio noni?euenoaiciaanoa? aaaaea?oueny A.Ni?o. A aeena?oaoe??
c?iaeaii aiae?c aeaio iiaeaeae i?ioeano iaoe?ioai?aiiy – cao?aeii? oa
no?aeii?, ye? cai?iiiioaaa a/aiee. Ia`?aeioaaeueiei eaioethaii iaio oeeo
iiaeaeae ca A.Ni?oii ? “aoi?/ia yae?i”, iaaeiei yeiai ? eiinie?aeo?oueny
iaoe?y. O A.Ni?oa cao?aeii- ? no?aeii?a?iiaenueea iiaeae? ia
i?ioenoaaeythoueny, a neioacothoueny ? oea aea? i?aenoaae aaaaeaoe eiai
ooiaeaoi?ii ??ciiaeaeo aoiieia?/ii? oai???.

Oi/a oe?a?inueeith iaoeith oey eiioeaioe?y (ca A.Ni?oii
no?aeii?a?iiaenueeiai oeio) ii/aea ?ic?iaeyoeny ua a 30-o? ?iee OO no.
A.Noa?inieuenueeee, cie?aia, i?e aecia/aii? iaoe?? aeoeaioo? oaaao ia
ae??oaeuei?e ?ie? aoi?/ieo /eiiee?a, iciae ?iaeea?aeoaeueiino?
“???aoe?iiaeueii?” noeo?eii? aie?, yea aaco?oueny ia ?inoeieoao
“ae?oaiai nooiaiy”, oiaoi noa`?eoeaiiio /eiieeo. Ia`?eoeai? iciaee
iaoe?? (oa?eoi??y, iiaa, o?aaeeoe??, cae/a? ? o.i.)
i?aeii?yaeeiaothoueny noa`?eoeaiei /eiieeai, ye? iieeeeai? ni?eyoe
aeoai?eoeny iaoe?iiaeuei?e na?aeiiino?. I.Ai/eianueeee oaeiae ?icaeyaea?
iaoe?iiaeueio na?aeii?noue, ye iniiao iaoe??, i?aeaaeeiith noaiiaeaiiy
aea?aeaae. I?e/iio a i?ioean? iaoe?ioai?aiiy a?i aeae?ey? aeaa aoaie:
ia??iae aoiiaaiace (aeey ?a?iiaenueeeo iaoe?e V???-OV? no.) ?
iaoe?iaaiace (ii/eiath/e c OV? no. aoi?/ia ona?aeiieaiiy ae?inoa? aei
aenoiaiiy iie?oe/ii? ?aea? ? ?icii/eia?oueny ia??iae iaoe?iaaiace).
I.Ai/eianueeee aaaaeaa, ui i?ioean iaoe?ioai?aiiy iiaea a?aeaoaaoeny ye
“cieco” – ia i?aai?/i?e iniia?, oae ? “cai?e” – ia iie?oe/i?e iniia?, c
aeiiiiiaith aea?aeaae.

Niaoeeo?/iee ??ciiaeae aoiieia?/ii? eiioeaioe??, aea oaea (ca
eeaneo?eaoe??th A.Ni?oa) cao?aeii?a?iiaenueei? iiaeae? cai?iiiioaaa
A.Eeieinueeee, yeee aaaaeaa, ui iaea?eueo i?eeiyoiei oeyoii oi?ioaaiiy
oe?a?inueei? iaoe?? ? “oa?eoi??aeueiee iao??ioeci”, oiaoi nie?aea?i?noue
on?o iino?eieo iaoeaioe?a, aeey yeeo oe?a?inueea caiey noaea ni?eueiith
aaouee?aueiith. Iaeiae a?oio oaei? nie?aea?iino? noaiiaeyoue ia
iaoai?/i?, a a?eueoith i??ith i?aai?/i?, i?e?iaei?, aaiethoe?ei?
ca`ycee. Oiio eiioeaioe?y A.Eeieinueeiai ? a?eueo aeaiie?aoe/iith, i?ae
o?, ui i?iiiiothoueny ? nueiaiaei? ie?aieie cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeie
o/aieie.

I?eoeeueieeii aoiieia?/ii? oai???, oi/ ? c iaaiei canoa?aaeaiiyi, ne?ae
aaaaeaoe E.?aaaoa. Oi/a, a?i ia iiae?eya ?yaeo onoaeaieo a
cao?aeii?a?iiaenuee?e iaooe? i?aeoiae?a, cie?aia, oaa?aeaeaiiy i?i oa,
ui i?ae aea?aeaaa caaaeaee oai?eoue iaoe?th. Ia aeoieo E.?aaaoa
aea?aeaaa ? iaoe?y iia`ycai? i?ae niaith oae, ye iia`ycaia oi?ia c?
ci?noii iaoe?y oea ia?aaeon?i eoeueoo?ii-aoi?/ia ni?eueiioa, ui
ci?aai?coaaeany oaeiae iie?oe/ii.

Aaoi?o aeaea?oueny eiino?oeoeaiei i?aeo?ae aeayeeo cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeo
o/aieo (?.A?eeuei, O.Eiii?, O.Naoii-Oionii, Ae.?iaa?onii,
Aeae.?ioo?eueae oa ?ioeo), eio??, aeine?aeaeoth/e i?ioean
iaoe?ioai?aiiy, ae?eoee aeniiaeo, ui a?i iiaea ?icai?oaoeny aeaiia
oeyoaie: “iie?oecaoe??th aoi?/iino?” (iaoe?y – aea?aeaaa) ?
“aoi?caoe??th iie?oeee” (aea?aeaaa – iaoe?y). I?e/iio aeiaeiee ?c oeeo
iai?yie?a cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeie a/aieie ia aaniethoeco?oueny, oae ye,
ia ?o aeoieo, aeiaeai c ieo ia a?aeia?aaea? ye i?ioeano iaoe?i-, oae ?
aea?aeaaioai?aiiy.

Oea ? i?aeoaa?aeaeo? aeina?ae, iaeiie/aiee cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeie
e?a?iaie. ?iia??ii, ui ia aoaea aeeeth/aiiyi oeueiio ? ?icai?oaiiy
i?ioeano iaoe?i- ? aea?aeaaioai?aiiy a Oe?a?i?. C oeueiai i?eaiaeo
oe?eeii neooiei aeaea?oueny caoaaaeaiiy I.Iaeai?iaee i?i oa, ui oa?i?i
“iaoe?y-aea?aeaaa” canoiniao?oueny aei iaoe?e, eio?? aeiiiaeeny
aea?aeaaiiai ioi?ieaiiy iacaeaaeii a?ae oiai, /e iaoe?y ooai?eea
aea?aeaao oeyoii “iie?oecaoe?? aoi?/iino?”, /e aea?aeaaa ooai?eea
iaoe?th oeyoii “aoiecaoe?? iie?oeee”. “Iaoe?y-aea?aeaaa” ia? iaaio
aiaeia?th c oa?i?iii “aea?aeaaa-iaoe?y”. Iaeai?iaea I. Iaoe?y –
aea?aeaaa //Iaea aioeeeeiiaae?y aoiiaea?aeaaiciaanoaa… – N.567.

I?e?iaeiuei, ui na?aae cao?aeieo oai?aoee?a ? e ?io? iiaeyaee ia ci?no
“iaoe??-aea?aeaae”. Cie?aia, aia?eeainueeee o/aiee Aeae.E?ioe aaaaea?,
ui ia iniia? aoi?/iino? aaaeei noai?eoe aea?aeaao, ?? iiaeia iiaoaeoaaoe
ia ni?eueiino? aeiiii?/iiai aeeooy ia iaai?e oa?eoi???. sse aa/eii,
noaaeaiiy aei ci?noo aoi?/iino?, oae ye ? aei eiioeaioe??
“iaoe?y-aea?aeaaa” a cao?aei?e iaooe? i?iaeiaaeo? caeeoaoeny ana ae
iaaecia/aiei.

Ua a?eueo o??ciiiai?oiaiei o oeueiio eiioaeno? aeaea?oueny aaoi?o niaeo?
i?aeoiae?a i?eoeeueiee?a aoiieia?/ii? oai??? a ?aaeyinuee? /ane.
Cie?aia, TH.A?iieae, a?oiooth/enue ia aoi?/ieo canaaeao, cai?iiiioaaa
?ic??ciyoe aeaa ??ciiaeaee ni?eueiinoae “aoiinioe?aeueiee i?aai?ci”
(ANI) ? “aoiiiie?oe/iee i?aai?ci” (AII), eio?? ?icaeyaeathoueny ye
neiii?ie iiiyooy “iaoe?y”.

C i?iaieioaiiyi aea?aeaaii? iacaeaaeiino? i?aeoiaee aaaaoueio
a?o/eciyieo a/aieo aaiethoe?iioaaee a a?e cao?aeiiai ?icoi?iiy
aoiieia?/ii? oai???. A oe?eiio iiceoeaii ioe?ithth/e aoiieia?/io
eiioeaioe?th, aaoi? ana ae aaaaea?, ui aiia ia iicaaaeaia ? ie?aieo
iaaeie?e?a, oiio ui a i?e a?aenooi? e?eoa???, ye? a ie?anethaaee
a?aei?iiino? aoiino ? iaoe??, aiia ia iiynith?, a ye?e oi?i? ?nio?
iaoe?y aei ooai?aiiy aeanii? aea?aeaae oiui.

Aieiaia oaaaa oe?a?inueeeo aeine?aeiee?a nueiaiaei? cina?aaeaeo?oueny ia
?ic?iaoe? eiioeaioe?? “aea?aeaaa-iaoe?y” (aoi?caoe?y iie?oeee), ca?aeii
c yeith iaoe?y ? eaoaai???th iie?oe/iith. A?aeiii, ui eaoaai??y
“iie?oe/ia iaoe?y” aoea aaaaeaia a iaoeiaee ia?a cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeie
o/aieie. Naia ae ?aeay i?i oa, ui iiiyooy iaoe?y ? iie?oe/iith
eaoaai???th iia`yco?oueny c ?iaiaie A.A?ioe?y ? Aeae.A?ei. Ia?oo ni?iao
oai?aoe/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy oe??? ?aea? c?iaea a?aeiiee iieuenueeee
o/aiee-nioe?ieia E.Aoiieiae/. Ii/eiath/e c na?aaeeie O?O no. oa?i?i
“iaoe?y” aiaei- oa o?aieiiiai? neiaieee noaee aaeeaaoe ia?aaaaeii ia
icia/aiiy ni?eueiinoae ethaeae ca iaeaaeiino? aei o??? /e ?ioi?
aea?aeaae. Aeania a?aeoiae? o/ai? ? iaiaaathoueny aeaoe aecia/aiiy
iaoe?? ye iie?oe/ii? ni?eueiioe.

O aeine?aeaeaii? i?iaaaeaii aiae?c i?aeoiae?a aei aecia/aiiy iiiyooy
“iie?oe/ia iaoe?y” a?aeiieo cao?aeieo o/aieo E.Aeie/a,
O.I?oaae-?-Aanaoa, Aeae.Notha?oa I?eey, I.Aaaa?a, ui aeaei iiaeeea?noue
aeena?oaioo aeeaoa c?icoi?oe nooi?noue ? oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/io
cia/ei?noue, ae?iaeoe aaoi?nueea aa/aiiy uiaei ia?niaeoea ?? ao?eaiiy ia
oea?ei? no/aniiai oe?a?inueeiai aoooy.

No?ieao?noue eiioeaioe?e ? iiaeyae?a ia aecia/aiiy iaoe?? – na?ae/aiiy
neeaaeiino? oeueiai nioe?aeueiiai oaiiiaio, oei?caoe?y yeiai ? iaei??th
c iaeneeaaei?oeo i?iaeai no/anii? iaoee ? iie?oeee. Oai?aoe/ia
inieneaiiy oeueiai nioe?aeueiiai oaiiiaio i?iaeeeoiaaii naiith
?noi?e/iith ?aaeuei?noth, yea iaea ? i?iaeiaaeo? iaaeaaaoe nooo?aiai
aieeao ia aeeooy ia?iae?a.

O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? “Aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia naii?aeaioeo?eaoe?y oe?a?ioe?a
a ?noi?e/iiio eiioaeno?” i?iaaaeaii oai?aoeei-aii??e/iee aiae?c i?ioeano
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe??, iniaeeainoae ? i?iaeai eiai
?icai?oaiiy ca oiia caeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie a?ae non?aei?o aea?aeaa.
Aecia/ath/e aoaie aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oe?a?ioe?a a
?noi?e/i?e ?ao?iniaeoea?, aaoi? aeoiaeeoue ?c oiai, ui o?iiieia?/i?
iaae? oeueiai i?ioeano ni?aiaaeathoue c ia??iaeaie ?icai?oaiiy aoii- ?
iaoe?iaaiaoe/ii? oac ?icaeoeo, oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy yeeo cae?eniaii
a/aieie I.A?ae/aanueeei, ?.Eenye-?oaeieoeueeei, ss.Aeaoeaae/ai,
I.Iaeai?iaeith, E.Oeey?ii, ?.Iieuaiei oa aeayeeie ?ioeie. I?e /iio
iaaaoeai?, a ia??aeei ? ae?ae o?aa?/i? iane?aeee aaaaoia?eiai?
eieii?aeueii? caeaaeiino? oe?a?ioe?a ? nueiaiaei? aaeueiothoue ?o
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueio ?aeaioeo?eaoe?th, iaoe?i- ? aea?aeaaioai?/o
eiinie?aeaoe?th.

I?ae eooii ci?o aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie i?iaiaeeoueny ?ao?iniaeoeaiee
aiae?c ie?aieo, iaea?eueo aecia/aeueieo iiae?e ? oaeo?a c ?noi???
oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo, c`yniaothoueny aeeaeii? i?e/eie ?o ia?ae?coth/iai
aieeao ia i?ioean aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oe?a?ioe?a.
Iieacaii, ui aea?aeaae-iiiaaiethaa/?, aeeth/eaoe o noa?o naiai
i?aeii?yaeeoaaiiy oe?a?inuee? caie?, i?iaiaeeee, ye i?aaeei, a?aee?eoi
ai?iaeo, aioeoe?a?inueeo, aioeiaoe?iiaeueio iie?oeeo, ieueee iaeiaio?
i?iyae iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino?, eoeueoo?e oiui. Eiinoaoo?oueny, ui
aianie eiaeii? ?c oeeo aea?aeaa a i?ioean aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
aea?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oe?a?ioe?a iiee ui aea/aiee iaaeinoaoiuei.

Iaai? oyaeaiiy i?i ci?no ? oa?aeoa? oaei? iie?oeee aea? aiae?c
ae?yeueiino? i?aaeoae?a Oe?a?ie ia??iaeo “oe?a?i?caoe??” o 20-30-o? ??.,
“a?aeeeae” a 60-o? ??. ? ia?aaoaeiae ? aeaniino? o 80-o? ??. Oaea
iie?oeea, cae/aeii ae, ia caeeoaeanue iica oaaaith iaea?eueo na?aeiieo
i?aaenoaaiee?a oe?a?inueei? iaoe?iiaeueii? ae?oe.

O aeena?oaoe?? aena?oeth?oueny oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/i? ni?iae
iaoe?iiae-eiioi?no?a (A.Oao?ay, I.Oaeeueiaiai, I.Ne?eiieea),
ai?ioueaeno?a (I.Ooinueeiai, A.Aeaeeoiiai, I.Oeiea?y), oeai?no?a
(I.Oea/aiea, A.Ae?aaiie?aoeueeiai, TH.Iaco?aiea oa ?i.), iiaa?iooe
oe?a?ioeyi iaeaaei? a?ae i?e?iaee ?i i?aaa, cie?aia, i?aaa ia
iaoe?iiaeueia naiiaecia/aiiy, ei?enooaaiiy ??aeiith iiaith, noai?aiiy
iaoe?iiaeueiiai ia?o?eiiai ? aea?aeaaiiai aia?aoo oiui.

A Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? ?ieue ioi?iioey aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?
oe?a?ioe?a acya ia naaa naiino?eieoeueeee ?oo, yeee ciaeoia nai?
no?oeoo?ia ioi?ieaiiy o noai?aii? I?aai?caoe?? Oe?a?inueeeo
Iaoe?iiae?no?a (IOI). A iniiao ?? noai?aiiy aoea iieeaaeaia ?aeay
iaoe?iiaeueiiai aecaieaiiy, yea caiaeii ia?a?inea a ?aeaieia?th
iaoe?iiae?cio.

C iaoith ?aae?caoe?? oe??? ?aea? cao?aeiioe?a?inuee?
a?iiaaenueei-iie?oe/i? ae?y/? ? a/ai? aeei?enoiaoaaee iae??ciiiai?oi?o?
caniae (i?aai?ciaoaaee iania? aeoe?? i?ioanoo, noai?thaaee
a?iiaaenueei-iie?oe/i? ?ooe, iie?oe/i? ia?o??, i?ina?oieoeuee?,
oea?eiai?, a?enueeia? oa ?io? oiaa?enoaa), ye? iieeeeai? aoee caa?aaoe
?aeaioeo?eaoe?ei? iniaeeaino? oe?a?ioe?a, caiia?aoe ?oioi?caoe??,
iiiey/aiith ? o.i.

Iacaaaeath/e ia a?aeii? oaeoe/i?, a ?iiae? e no?aoaa?/i? ?ica?aeiino?,
ui iaee i?noea i?ae e?aea?aie IOI ? iaa?oue iiae?e ?oiuei? i?aai?caoe??
ia IOI(A) ? IOI(I), an?o ?o ia`?aeioaaea ?aeay ?aeiino? oe?a?inueeiai
ia?iaeo ? ai?ioueae ca iiaoaeiao iacaeaaeii? aea?aeaae. Aacoiiaii, ui a
ae?yeueiino? IOI, ye ? o noai?ai?e iath a ?iee Ae?oai? na?oiai? a?eie
Oe?a?inueei? Iianoainueei? A?i?? (OIA) iaee i?noea “o?iueia? noi??iee”
(A.Eo/a?), ye?, iaeiae, ia caoueia?ththoue a oe?eiio ye naio aecaieueio
?aeath, oae ? ia ia?ae?aneththoue ?acoeueoaoe ae?oai?
iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueii? ?aaiethoe?? oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo ia??iaeo
1942-1955 ??. a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i?.

O aeena?oaoe?? i?iaaaeaiee aiae?c ci?noo iniiaiiieiaeieo
iaoe?iiae?noe/ieo aeieo?ei – iaoe?ie?aoe/ii? (I.Noe?ai?nueeee) ?
iaoe?inioe?aeueii? (ss.Noaoeueei), aieea oeeo aeieo?ei ia ?ic?iaeo
oai?aoe/ieo canaae ? i?aeoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? a?aeiia?aeii IOI(I) ?
IOI(A).

Aiae?c oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? iaoe?iiae?noe/ieo i?aai?caoe?e
a Cao?aei?e Oe?a?i? iieaco?, ui eiaeia ?c ieo ae?yea a?aeiia?aeii aei
nai?o ?aeaieia?/ieo aeieo?ei, iaeiae iaci?iiith aeey an?o caeeoaeany ?o
aieiaia iaoa – iiaoaeiaa iacaeaaeii? naiino?eii? aea?aeaae ye iniiae
iaoe?ioai?aiiy, iiaeeaeaiiy i?ioeano aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe??.

O?aa?/ii iicia/eeeny ia i?ioean? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe??
oe?a?ioe?a No?aeii? Oe?a?ie aaeeeiaea?aeaaieoeueea iie?oeea “ceeooy
iaoe?e”, yea c naiiai ii/aoeo i?iaiaeeeany i?ae aaneii “ia?aiiaeii?
oiaee ?aaeyinueei? aeaaee”, ianiaeo ?ai?an?e, aeaii?oaoe?e ?
aieiaeiii?o, a iio?i aeei?enoaiiy iae??ciiiai?oi?oeo cania?a iicaaaeaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueii? a?aeiino?, caaaeii ieuaiiy anueiai
iaoe?iiaeueii-niaoeeo?/iiai.

Naia oaea iie?oeea ? noaea aieiaiith i?e/eiith ?icai?oaiiy
aeeneaeaionueeiai ?ooo a 60-80 ??. Oea aoa ia??iae aeaaeae? c?inoath/iai
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai, iie?oe/iiai ? iniaeeai ?aeaieia?/iiai oeneo
oioae?oa?ii? nenoaie ia ia?in?enuee? ia?iaee, yeeo oaeoe/ii aoei
iicaaaeaii nai?o iaa?ae`?iieo i?aa, cie?aia, ?icaeoeo iiae, eoeueoo?e,
?noi???, cae/a?a, o?aaeeoe?e ? o.i. – aecia/aeueieo /eiiee?a
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe??.

Aaaeeea?noue ? iaiao?aei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy aiae?co aeeneaeaionueeiai ?ooo
a Oe?a?i? iaoiiaeaia ua e oei, ui nai oeae ?oo iieeaa ii/aoie iiaiio
aoaio iaoe?ioai?aiiy, noaa iiaooi?i ?iioeuenii aeey iiaeeaeaiiy
i?ioean?a aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe??.

O eiioaeno? aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie a aeena?oaoe?? aena?oeth?oueny
oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/ia ae?yeuei?noue o/aniee?a aeeneaeaionueeiai ?ooo –
?.Aecthae, I.A?eai?aiea, E.Einoaiei, ?.Naa?nothea, TH.Aaaecuei,
E.Eoe`yiaiea, ?.Na?oee/iiai, A.*i?iiaiea, A.Noona, I.No?ieaoi? ? ?yaeo
?ioeo.

Aeena?oaio aaaaea?, ui iaeiei ?c aieiaieo caaaeaiue aeeneaeaionueeiai
?ooo aoei i?iaoaeaeaiiy oe?a?inueei? iaoe?iiaeueii? ae?oe aeey aeeiiaiiy
i?e?iaeii? nai?? ooieoe?? – oi?ioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino? – ye
iniiae aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oe?a?ioe?a.

Noai?aiiy ia ?oaaae? 80-o ?ie?a ??ciiai ?iaeo a?iiaaenueei-iie?oe/ieo
ia`?aeiaiue Oe?a?ie noaei yne?aaei na?ae/aiiyi iiaeeaeaiiy i?ioeano
iie?oecaoe?? ?? a?iiaaeyi, ?o iano?eiiiai aaaeaiiy caeiaooe
iacaeaaei?noue ? caoaeoaaoe aea?aeaao.

Aeeneaeaionueeee ?oo a Oe?a?i? noaa aeyaii ia`?eoeaiiai
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai naii?icaeoeo. Na?ae/aiiyi iani?eeiyooy iaa`ycaieo
ooo/ieo oi?i iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeiino? o aeaeyae? “?aaeyinueeiai ia?iaeo”.
Oiio aaoi? ioe?ith? aeeneaeaionueeee ?oo ia eeoa ye iie?oe/ia, a e ye
i?e?iaeia yaeua, ye ia`?eoeaiee aeya, ui iieeeeaiee aoa iaaeaoe iiaee
?iioeuen aeey iiaeeaeaiiy i?ioean?a aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe??.

O i`yoiio ?icae?e? “Aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia naii?aeaioeo?eaoe?y – iaiao?aeia
oiiaa eiinie?aeaoe?? oe?a?inueei? iaoe??” aena?oeththoueny i?iaeaie
oi?ioaaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? a oiiaao aea?aeaaii?
iacaeaaeiino?, ?o aieea ia i?ioean iaoe?ioai?aiiy.

?icai?oaiiy oeueiai i?ioeano cana?ae/o?, ui ca nai?i iniiaiei ci?noii
a?i ia ? aeania iaoe?iiaeueiei, a ia?aaaaeii aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiei. Oe??th
ianoaaeiith e coiiaeaii aaeeaaiiy neiainiieo/aiue “aoiiiaoe?iiaeuei?
i?ioeane”, “aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia iie?oeea”, “aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia
?aeaioe/i?noue” oiui. Oiio a oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/iiio nain?
aeioe?euei?noue aaeeaaiiy iiae?aieo neiainiieo/aiue aaoi? ?icaeyaea? ye
oaeoe/iee can?a a eiioaeno? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? ia oeyoo
iaoe?iiaeueii? eiinie?aeaoe?? a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie o ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae
iaoe?i- ? aea?aeaaioai?aiiy.

O no?aoaa?/iiio ieai? iiiyooy “aoiiiaoe?iiaeuei?noue” aaoi? ?aaeeoue
aaeeaaoe aeeoa?aioe?eiaaii, ine?eueee o aaaaoiiaoe?iiaeueieo aea?aeaaao
(?iia??yo) aiii iiaea neoaoaaoe iineeaiith anei?eyoe?? aoi?/ieo ?
aoiia?ao?/ieo a?oi, a a aea?aeaaao c aaaaoiiaoe?iiaeueiei neeaaeii
ianaeaiiy iiaea noaoe aaeueiii iaoe?iiaeueii? e?enoae?caoe??, niiioeaoe
aei naia?aoecio oa ?ioeo oi?i iaoe?iiaeueii? aeac?ioaa?aoe??.

Caeiaoooy aea?aeaaii? iacaeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie aeaei iiaooi?e ?iioeuen
aeaii aca?iiiia`ycaiei i?ioeanai: c iaeiiai aieo – iaoe?iiae?caoe??
oe?a?inueeiai aoiino e aoi?/ieo ? aoiia?ao?/ieo a?oi, a c ?ioiai –
iiaeeaeaiith ?oiuei? aoi?/ii? aeeoa?aioe?aoe??, caa?iaiiy aei aeaniiai
aoi?/iiai iioiaeaeaiiy oiui.

Iaeaeaa oe? i?ioeane ? nooue iiceoeai?. Iaeiae, ye na?ae/eoue ?noi?e/iee
aeina?ae, ia aoai? ?o ?icai?oaiiy iaieio/? ia`?eoeai? o?oaeiiu?. Inoaii?
– iaeaaaeeea?oa i?iaeaia, yeo iieeeeai? ni?eueii c iaoeiaoeyie
?ica`ycoaaoe iie?oeee, a ioaea nai?/anii “ci?iaoe” noia?a/iino?, ui
c`yaeythoueny ia oeyoo aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? iniae.

Na?aae eiiieaeno i?iaeai aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? iaei??th ?c
iaeneeaaei?oeo ? aeeaiea aeaaoi?caoe?y ? aeaiaoe?iiae?caoe?y oe?a?ioe?a,
aoi?/ieo ? aoiia?ao?/ieo a?oi, ui iaoeathoue ia oa?ai? Oe?a?ie. Oni?oia
?ica`ycaiiy oeueiai iaaecaaaeaiiy aaoi? iia`yco? c ae??oaiiyi aeaio
aca?iicoiiaeaieo ? aca?iiiia`ycaieo i?iaeai, c iaeiiai aieo,
iaiao?aei?noue aeeth/aiiy i?e?iaeii? aia?a?? aoi?/ieo oe?a?ioe?a o
i?ioean naiicaa?aaeaiiy ? naii?icaeoeo, ?aaoi?caoe?th
o?aaeeoe?eii-iiaooiaeo eoeueoo? aoi?/ieo ? aoiia?ao?/ieo a?oi, ?o ?ica?e
? ia oe?e iniia? aeeth/aiiy inoaii?o a iaoe?ioai?/ee i?ioean, a c ?ioiai
– aea?eueiaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino? a?ae
iie?oeei-?aeaieia?/ii? caoi?aiino?, ui caeeoeeany c ?aaeyinueeeo /an?a,
iicaaaeaiiy eiiieaeno iaioiaa?oino?, aeenoaioe?iioaaiiy o iaaeao
caei?iaiai aeocaeo a?ae no?aeieo ? cao?aeieo aieea?a, ae?iaeaiiy
?ioi?oaoo aei aeniain?ii?nonueei? iie?oeee aiiaeaiiy ia?iae?a, coieiaiiy
i?ioeano ?o aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? aea?aeaioeo?eaoe??.

Cia/ii iiaeeaeth? aea?aeaioeo?eaoe?ei? i?ioeane iie?aoi?/ia no?oeoo?a
oe?a?inueeiai noni?euenoaa, ia??aiii??ia ?ici?uaiiy ??cieo
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiinoae ia oa?eoi??? Oe?a?ie.

Iaaaoeaiee aieea ia aoiiiaoe?iiaeueio ?aeaioeo?eaoe?th oe?a?ioe?a ?
nueiaiaei? i?iaeiaaeothoue ni?aaeyoe ?aa?iiaeuei? a?aei?iiino? aoi?/ii?
?noi???, iai?e?iaeiee, iaeiae iayaii ?nioth/ee iiae?e oe?a?ioe?a ia
“no?aeiye?a” ? “cao?aeiye?a”, a?aei?iiino? o ??ai? ?o iaoe?iiaeueii?
na?aeiiino?, iiai? i?iaeaie, i?aeeiioan?ei? iaii?icoi?iiy, iniaeeai
na?aae i?aaineaaieo oea?eia, caeeoai? o niaaeie ??ci? oi?ie enaiioia??,
cie?aia o?, ui ni?yiiaai? i?ioe anueiai oe?a?inueeiai – iiae,
o?aaeeoe?e, eoeueoo?e oiui.

O aeena?oaoe?? i?iaiae?ciaaii oe? oa aeaye? ?io? iniaeeaino?
iaoe?ioai?aiiy a Oe?a?i? oa ?o aieea ia aoiiiaoe?iiaeueio
?aeaioeo?eaoe?th oe?a?ioe?a. Oaeee aiae?c aeaa iiaeeea?noue c?iaeoe
aeniiaie, ui i?iya oeiiai? aeey a?eueoino? e?a?i na?oo iiaeae?
“iaoe?iiaeueia a?eueo?noue – iaoe?iiaeueia iaio?noue” a Oe?a?i? aoaea
iaoe nai? iniaeeaino?. Oeae aeniiaie a aeena?oaoe?? i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny
aiae?cii aeeiai?ee ci?i iaoe?iiaeueii? no?oeoo?e oe?a?inueeiai
noni?euenoaa (na?aae aoi?/ieo oe?a?ioe?a, e?einueeeo oaoa?, ?in?enueei?,
?a?aenueei?, a?ei?onueei?, iieuenueei? oa ?ioeo iaoe?iiaeueieo iaioei).

Aaoi? aeoiaeeoue c oiai, ui aaoiooioiii? iaoeaioe?-oe?a?ioe? ye
oeooeueiee aoiin nueiaiaei? ye ? a iaaeeaeai?e ia?niaeoea? aoaea
?icaeaaoeny naia /a?ac naiiooaa?aeaeaiiy, ye nenoaia /a?ac aeani?
aeaiaioe, nie?ath/enue ia aeani? aeaea?aea ?icaeoeo. Oiio, /ei aeuee
iaoa??aeueiee ? aeooiaiee noai oeooeueii? iaoe?? ? /ei a?eueoa
aeniei?icaeiaieo iaoe?iiaeueieo iaioei, oei aeuee ??aaiue ?icaeoeo
oe?a?inueei? iaoe??. Iaoe?iiaeuei? iaioeie a oeueiio aca?iica`yceo
aenooiathoue ye aeaea?aei ?icaeoeo a aeaiaioiiio noai? ia?aaaaeii o
eoeueoo?i?e noa??, ine?eueee ?io? aiee ?oiueiai aeeooy ciaoiaeyoueny o
noeoiiiio aeiiii?/iiio, iie?oe/iiio ? nioe?aeueiiio i?iaeoeo?, yeee
noai?th?oueny an?ia iaoeaioeyie e?a?ie. Ca oaeeo oiia iaoe?iiaeueia ia?
oa?aeoa? caaaeueiino?, yea a?aeoai?th? ?ioaa?aoeaio nooi?noue ethaenoaa.

O oeueiio ca`yceo aaoi? ?icaeyaea? aoiiiaoe?iiaeuei?noue ye ia?ao?aeiee
oei nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe?? ethaeeie, yeee ia? nai?
niaoeeo?/i? ii a?aeiioaiith aei ?ioeo a?inioe?aeueieo ni?eueiio
oa?aeoa?enoeee, coiiaeai? ?aei?noth i?noey i?iaeeaaiiy, niiniao aeeooy,
ci?noo aeooiaii? eoeueoo?e oiui. Nai aea aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiee i?ioean
?icoi??oueny aaoi?ii ia ye iaoai?/ia, “/enoa” ii?aeiaiiy aoi?/ieo ?
iaoe?iiaeueieo ?aeaioeo?eaoe?eieo /eiiee?a, a ye aa?iii?eiee,
?noi?e/ii-iaoiiaeaiee i?ioean yeee ?icai?oa?oueny ca?aeii c
caaaeueiinioe?ieia?/ieie caeiiaie noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo. Ca oaeeo oiia
aoi?/ia aenooia? ye iaia`yceiaee eiiiiiaio iaoe?iiaeueiiai, oiio
aoaeue-yea eiai ?oeiaoe?y aaaea aei aeaeici?ie ye oi?ie oae ? ci?noo, ye
naiiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai, oae ? ooai?aieo ia eiai iniia?
nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eieo oei?a.

I?e oeueiio ne?ae iaoe ia oaac?, ui i?ioean aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioeo?eaoe?? ia? aeaa aeyae – aioo??oi?e ? ciai?oi?e. Aioo??oi?e aeya
– oea ioioiaeiaiiy ie?aiith ethaeeiith naaa c iaaiei aoi?/iei /e
iaoe?iiaeueiei ooai?aiiyi ii “naiia?ae/oooth”, ii “naiiii/oooth”,
neeaaeo ieneaiiy, ?aaeueiiai niiniao aeeooy, aeooiaiiai na?oo oiui.
Ciai?oi?e aeya – oea aaea naia i?eiaeaaei?noue aei iaaii?
a?inioe?aeueii? /e nioe?aeueii-?noi?e/ii? ni?eueiino?, yea aecia/a?oueny
oiiaaie aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie.

O aeena?oaoe?? i?iaaaeaii aiae?c ie?aieo noaoae Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie,
?yaeo iinoaiia Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie, a yeeo noaaeoueny aeiiaa aei
i?aai?a aea?aeaaii? aeaaee i?iaanoe eiiieaen caoiae?a ii noai?aiith
iaeaaeieo oiia ii ai?iaaaeaeaiith oe?a?inueei? iiae, iaaeaiiy
iiaeeeainoae ?icaeoeo iia iaoe?iiaeueieo iaioei, a?aeiiaeaiiy i?aa
aeaii?oiaaieo ia?iae?a, i?iaaaeaiiy aeayeeo ?ioeo caoiae?a, ni?yiiaaieo
ia iiaeeaeaiiy i?ioeano aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? oe?a?ioe?a.
Ao?eaiiy a i?aeoeeo noni?eueiiai aeeooy aee?aeoeaieo aeiia i?aai?a
aea?aeaaii? aeaaee i?yii iia`ycaia c ?ic?iaeith ? i?iaaaeaiiyi
iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaii? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee – oai?aoe/ii? iniiae
i?ioeano iaoe?ioai?aiiy. Oaea iie?oeea, ia aeoieo aaoi?a, iiaeiia
a?oiooaaoeny ia oiio, ui a Oe?a?i? i?ioean iaoe?ioai?aiiy a?aeaoaa?oueny
aeaiia oeyoaie – /a?ac “iie?oecaoe?th aoi?/iino?” ? “aoi?caoe?th
iie?oeee”. I?e/iio aeiaeai ?c oeeo oeyo?a ia iiaea i?ioenoaaeyoeny
?ioiio, aiie iathoue ?icai?oaoeny ia?aeaeueii. Naia oey iniaeea?noue ?
aecia/aeueiith a i?ioean? iaoe?ioai?aiiy a Oe?a?i?, ?? o?aaa a?aoiaoaaoe
oe?a?inueeei iie?oeeai i?e ?ic?iaoe? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee.

Ea?oth/enue oaeei i?aeoiaeii, aaaaea? aaoi?, iiaeia yeiaeiiai?oa
a?aoiaoaaoe ?ioa?ane aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo ni?eueiio, ui iaoeathoue a
Oe?a?i?, ni?eyoe caa?aaeaiith ? ?icaeoeo ?o ?aeaioe/iino? a?aeiia?aeii
aei aeiia i?aeia?iaeieo noaiaea?o?a, aecia/aieo ?yaeii i?aaiaeo aeo?a
Aaia?aeueii? Anaiaea? III, ?aaee ?a?iie, a oaeiae i?eeiyoeo iaoith
aea?aeaaith ia ?o aeeiiaiiy Aeaeea?aoe?? i?aa iaoe?iiaeueiinoae Oe?a?ie
(1991 ?.), Caeiio Oe?a?ie “I?i iaoe?iiaeuei? iaioeie” (1992 ?.) oa ?ioeo
iie?oeei-i?aaiaeo aeieoiaio?a.

I?iaaaeai? ca ?iee iacaeaaeiino? i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaia? caoiaee a
aea?aeaa?, ia iiaeyae aaoi?a, noai?ththoue aeia?? ia?niaeoeae aeey
ao?eaiiy a i?aeoeeo noni?eueiiai aeeooy iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaii?
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee. O aeena?oaoe?? i?iaaaeaii aiae?c iniiaieo
iai?yie?a oe??? iie?oeee ? iaoai?ci?a ?? cae?enaiiy. C?iaeaii aeniiaie
i?i oa, ui aeinyaiaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? oe?a?ioe?a ?
iaiao?aeiith oiiaith ?o eiinie?aeaoe??, oi?ioaaiiy no/anii?,
aenieii?aai?ciaaii? iaoe??. Naia aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue ?
oiiaith i?aeiaoe?iiaeueii? ceaaiaee ? ie?o a aea?aeaa?.

O oinoiio ?icae?e? “Oai?aoe/i? i?iaeaie aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?
a nenoai? iaoe?ieia?/iiai ciaiiy” ocaaaeueiaii no/aniee aei?iaie ?yaeo
a?o/eciyieo iaoeiaoe?a o oea?ei? aea/aiiy oe?a?inueei? iaoe??,
eiioeaiooaeueiiai aecia/aiiy ?? nooiino?.

I?iaaaeaiee aeena?oaioii aiae?c oaeiai aei?iaeo cana?ae/o?, ui i?e
?ic?iaoe? eiioeaioe?e “iie?oe/ii?” ? “aoi?/ii?” iaoe?? a?o/eciyi?
iaoeiaoe? oe?iei aeei?enoiaothoue oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee
aecia/aiiy iaoe??, ye? ae?iaeai? cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeie o/aieie. Iaeiae,
aeiaeia ?c oeeo eiioeaioe?e a Oe?a?i? iiee ui ia ? caaaeueiii?eeiyoiith,
oi/a a?eueo?noue oe?a?inueeeo aeine?aeiee?a noeeythoueny aei aeoiee, ui
ia?niaeoeai?oith ana ae ? eiioeaioe?y iie?oe/ii? iaoe??. Ie?ai? ae
aeine?aeieee aaaaeathoue, ui i?aeoe/ia ao?eaiiy iaio oeeo eiioeaioe?e ?
iacae?eniaiiei ? i?iiiiothoue nei?enoaoeny neioaoe/iith eiioeaioe??th,
oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy yei?, ye a?aeiii, iaeaaeeoue A.Ni?oo. Oae ia
aeoieo N.A?aaianueeiai, naia neioaoe/ia eiioeaioe?y iiaea a aa?iii?eii
ii?aeioaaoe iie?oe/i?, aoi?/i?, aeiiii?/i? /eiieee, ui iieeaaeai? a
iniiao iie?oe/ii? ? aoi?/ii? eiioeaioe?e iaoe??.

O oe?eiio aaoi? iiae?ey? eiino?oeoeai?noue neioaoe/ii? eiioeaioe??, oae
ye aaaaea?, ui aiia iaaea? aeiaeaoeia? iiaeeeaino? aeeaoiai ?icoi?iiy
nooiino? iaoe??, iniaeeainoae ? oeyo?a ?? oi?ioaaiiy. ? ia oe?e iniia?
aeena?oaio cai?iiiioaaa aecia/aoe iaoe?th a eiioaeno? a?iiaaenueeeo
aca?iei, ye? aeeth/athoue ye iie?oe/i?, oae ? iaiie?oe/i? a?aeiineie, ui
yaeythoue niaith ooiaeaiaio noai?aiiy ??ciiai ?iaeo
a?iiaaenueei-iie?oe/ieo i?aai?caoe?e ? ni?eueiinoae, o oiio /ene? e
iaea?eueo ianiaeo o no/aniiio na?o?, yeeie ? iaoe??.

O a?aeiia?aeiino? c iinoaaeaiith iaoith aaoi? i?iaeiaaeea oai?aoe/iee
iiooe oeyo?a “aoae?aieoeoaa” iaoe?ieia?/ii? iaoee, noai?aiiy yei?
aeanoue iiaeeea?noue a?oioiai?oiai aea/aiiy i?iaeai aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioe/iino? ethaeeie.

Noai?aiiy aoaeue-yei? iaoee – o?eaaeee i?ioean. A?i ?icii/eia?oueny c
iaeiie/aiiy ciaiue iaaiiai ia`?eoa. Iaoe?y ye ia`?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
aeinoaoi?i ? aeineoue i?ea?iaeueiei yaeuai, ciaiiy, ye? aoaeooue
iaea?aeai? i?e aeine?aeaeaii? oeueiai ia`?eoo, iathoue aaaeeeaa
oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy. O aeena?oaoe?? c?iaeaii aiae?c
oa?aeoa?enoeee, yea a?aeaeaa? i?aoaic?ei?noue iaoe?ieia?? ia noaoon
ie?aii? iaoee.

Ia oeyoo noai?aiiy iaoe?ieia?/ii? iaoee iaiao?aeii ?icoe?eoe ?
no?oeoo?ecoaaoe ?? oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee, ae/eaieoe
a?aeiia?aeiee ?ino?oiaioa??e, yeee aeicaieeoue aoaeoeai?oa ?ica`ycoaaoe
“a?/i?” ieoaiiy iaoe?iiaeueiiai aeeooy, iniaeeai a iie?oe/i?e noa??.

O aeena?oaoe?? aecia/a?oueny aoaeoeai?noue ? ae??a?noue ae?aeaeoe/iiai
iaoiaeo ? oeo ?ino?oiaioaeueieo ?noei, yeeie iaiao?aeii ea?oaaoeny i?e
aea/aii? iaoe?iiaeueiiai (nooi?noue ? yaeua, iaiao?aei?noue ?
aeiaaeeia?noue, iiaeeea?noue, ae?eni?noue ? a??ia?aei?noue, ci?noo ?
oi?ie oiui).

O eiioaeno? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe??,
c`ynoaaiiy ?o i?noey ? ?ie? o iaoe?ioai?/iio i?ioean? aeena?oaio
iaa?oioiao? iia? i?aeoiaee aecia/aiiy ci?noo ?yaeo o?aaeeoe?eii
aaeeaaieo ? nueiaiaei? a?o/eciyiith iaoeith iiiyoue: “?icea?o ?
caeeaeaiiy iaoe?e”, “iaoe?iiaeueia ca oi?iith ? nioe?ae?noe/ia ca
ci?noii eoeueoo?a”, “iaoe?iiaeuei? a?aeiineie”, “iaoe?iiaeueia ieoaiiy”,
“ni?aa?aeiioaiiy iaoe?iiaeueiiai oa ?ioa?iaoe?iiaeueiiai”, “aioo??oi?e
iaoe?iiaeueiee noaa?ai?oao”, “nooi?noue ? iaae? noaa?ai?oaoo
iaoe?iiaeueieo iaioei”, “eoeueoo?ii-iaoe?iiaeueia aaoiiii?y”, “i?aai
iaoe?e ia naiiaecia/aiiy”, “aoiioeaio?eci”, “iaoe?iiae?ci”,
“?ioa?iaoe?iiae?ci”, “einiiiie?oeci” ? aeayeeo ?ioeo.

I?e aecia/aii? ci?noo iiiyooy “i?aai iaoe?e ia naiiaecia/aiiy” aaoi?,
cie?aia, aeoeaioo? oaaao ia oa, ui oey eaoaai??y iaoe?ieia?/iiai ciaiiy
nueiaiaei? oeoia/eoueny aeeeth/ii ye ?aeeiiiiaeeeaee iie?oe/iee can?a
aeey iaoe?iiaeueiiai naiinoaa?aeaeaiiy. Iaeiae, yeui iaeaooi? ?nioaaiiy
ethaenoaa ?icaeyaeaoe ye a?eueia aacaea?aeaaia ni?a?ia?oieoeoai iaoe?e,
oi c iaoiaeieia?/iiai aieo i?iaeaio naiiaecia/aiiy iaoe?e ne?ae
?icaeyaeaoe o aca?iica`yceo ? aca?iiae?? aaaaoueio oaeoi??a, ye?
i?noeoue oaea oi?ioea: /ei aeuee iaoa??aeueiee ? aeooiaiee iioaioe?ae
iaoe?e, ?aaeueiee ??aaiue ?o ?icaeoeo ? /ei a?eueoa ia ieaiao? iiaooi?o
iaoe?e, oei iaioa ethaenoai aoaea aeiaaaoe iie?oe/ieo cania?a
naiii?aai?caoe??, a oiio /ene? e aea?aeaaieo, ye? ia nueiaiaei? ?
aecia/aeueieie.

Ia iiaeyae aaoi?a, iiiyooy “?ioa?iaoe?iiae?ci” ia iiaeia aeei?enoiaoaaoe
iica iaoe?iiaeueiei ci?noii, ye oea ?iaeeiny ca ?aaeyinueeeo /an?a, eiee
?ioa?iaoe?iiae?ci aoei ia?aoai?aii a einiiiie?oe/ia yaeua. Oi/a e
iaiie?oeciaaiee einiiiie?oeci oaae iiaea iaoe iaoe?iiaeueia ei??iiy. Ca
oaeeo oiia a?i aenooia? ia ye caia?a/aiiy iaoe?iiaeueiiai, a eiai
i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy, ye aeaea?aei caaaeueiiethaenueeiai.

Iaaeinoaoiuei iaa?oioiaaieie c iaoiaeieia?/iiai aieo, ia aeoieo aaoi?a,
iiee ui caeeoathoueny ieoaiiy i?i caaacia/aiiy ??aieo i?aa iaoe?e ?
iaoe?iiaeueieo iaioei ? ?ica`ycaiiy noia?a/iinoae, ui aeieeathoue ia
oeueiio oeyoo, i?i iiaia ? iine?aeiaia ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a aeeooy
eiinoeoooe?eiiai i?eioeeio ??aiii?aaiino? a?iiaaeyi, iacaeaaeii a?ae
iaoe?iiaeueii? i?eiaeaaeiino?.

Ca?aeii c Eiinoeoooe??th – oe?a?inueea iiaa ? aea?aeaaiith, ioaea an? ??
iaoeaioe? iiaeii? ?? aea/aoe ? ciaoe, a oie aea /an, eiee oe?a?ioe? ia
ciaia`ycai? ciaoe iiae iaoe?iiaeueieo iaioei. Iaoe?iiaeueia, a aeaiiio
?ac? -oe?a?inueea, iaae?a? aecia/aeueiiai oa?aeoa?o e ciyoe oaeo
“ia??ai?noue” i?aeoe/ii iaiiaeeeai. Oea na?oiaee noai iiae?aieo
a?aeiinei ? ciyoe ?o iiaeia eeoa iaciyoyi, niia?aeoaaiiyi eiaeiith
iaoe?iiaeueiith iaioeiith aeaio eoeueoo?: eoeueoo?e oeooeueii? iaoe?? ?
aeanii? iaoe?iiaeueii? eoeueoo?e a iaaeao iaoe?iiaeueii-eoeueoo?ii?
aaoiiii??.

Cae/aeii, ui an? oe? iieacieee anei?eyoe?eiino? iiaeeaeththoue
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueio ?aeaioeo?eaoe?th, ye?, iaeiae, ia iaieioea aeiaeia
aaaaoiiaoe?iiaeueia aea?aeaaa. Ia caia?a/o? oeth oaco ? iayai?noue
iaoe?iiaeueii-eoeueoo?ii? aaoiiii??, ine?eueee aiia oaeiae ia caaacia/o?
iiaii? ??aiii?aaiino? eiaei?e iaoe?? oa aoiia?ao?/i?e a?oi? a on?o ?ioeo
noa?ao non?ieueiiai aeeooy. ? oea ia aeiaaeeiai, aaeaea oaei? iiaii?
?aaeueii? ??aiii?aaiino? iaia?, oi/i?oa ?nio? eeoa a iaeiiio aei??? –
??aiino? aeey a?eueoino?.

Ioaea, aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?icia?ooy, e?eoa??? eiai ?aeaioeo?eaoe??
iathoue nai? ??ai? ?icaeoeo. A?ioeai eiaeiiai ?c ieo ? noai?aiiy oiai /e
?ioiai oeio nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe?? ethaeeie. Nueiaiaei? oaeee
oei ?ai?acaioo? iaoe?y, yea ? iniiaith nenoaiiiai ?nioaaiiy ethaenoaa,
aieiaiei aeaea?aeii eiai naiiaeeaeaiiy.

A Oe?a?i? i?ioean iaoe?ioai?aiiy a?aeaoaa?oueny aeaiia oeyoaie:
iie?oe/iei ? aoi?/iei. Oaea aeaiaei??i?noue coiiaeaia ?noi???th ?icaeoeo
oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino? ? iaoe??. Oiio ? aeaea?aea noaiiaeaiiy
iie?oe/ii? ? aoi?/ii? iaoe?e iaiaeiaeia?: o ia?oi? –
nioe?aeueii-?noi?e/i?, o ae?oai? – a?inioe?aeuei?. Oaea ?ic??ciaiiy
aeaea?ae iaiao?aeia aeey i?aaeeueiiai aecia/aiiy ??ai?a
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? no/aniiai oe?a?inoaa.

O caaaeueiioeea?e?caoe?eiiio iioioe? iaoe?y ia? na?e, a?aeiinii
aaoiiiiiee oeyo ? nai???aei? “oaiie” ?icaeoeo. Iniaeea?noue eiai iieyaa?
a oiio, ui iaoe?y ? iaoe?iiaeueia ?niothoue caeaa?eueoiai ye ia`?eoeai?
yaeua, ye? iathoue na?e ?ioaa?aoeaiee iioaioe?ae. Oiio aeey aecia/aiiy
iaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee iaaii? aea?aeaae iio??aiee ?o aiae?c ?
?ic?aooiie o a?aeiia?aeiino? c “iiaei /anii”, ui ia aeaeue, a?eueoa
aoiaeeoue a oaeoe/iee, a ia no?aoaa?/iee iaoai?ci ?? ?ic?iaee ? iaa?oue
?aae?caoe??, i?i ui na?ae/aoue eiioe?eoe ia iaoe?iiaeueiiio a?oio? a
ie?aieo ?aa?iiao na?oo. Iaoe?ieia?y o oeueiio eiioaeno? iaaoaa?
oa?aeoa?o iaoiaeieia?? ?ic?iaee ? i?eeiyooy ??oaiue o iaoe?iiaeuei?e
noa??, nai???aeiei ?ioaeaeooaeueiei aa?aioii aaceiioe?eoiino?
i?aeiaoe?iiaeueieo a?aeiinei o no/aniiio na?o?.

O aeniiaeao ocaaaeueiaii iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co i?noey
? ?ie? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? a eiioaeno? oi?ioaaiiy
oe?a?inueei? iaoe??. Iaa?oioiao?oueny oaca, ui aeine?aeaeaiiy ci?noo
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? ? iaeiei ?c iaeaaaeeea?oeo caaaeaiue
aoiiiie?oieia?/ii? iaoee.

Aeiaaaeaii, ui oi?ioaaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? – neeaaeiee
i?ioean, yeee ? ?acoeueoaoii ye iniaenoi?nii? oae ? eieaeoeaii?
naii?aeaioeo?eaoe?? ethaeeie. O iueiio o?nii ia?aieaoai? ?
aca?iiae?thoue ye aoi?/i?, oae ? iaoe?iiaeuei? /eiieee, ye? i?eoaiaii?
iaoeaioeyi oe?a?inueei? caie? iacaeaaeii a?ae ?o aoi?/iiai iioiaeaeaiiy.

O i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? aoaeoeaieie
aeyaeeeny iaoiaee: ae?aeaeoe/iee, aoiiiie?oieia?/iee, ?noi??ieia?/iee,
nenoaiiee, ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co ? aeaye? ?io?. Naia ia ?o iniia? ?
cae?eniaii aiae?c ?nioth/eo ?ioa?i?aoaoe?e aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiino ?
iaoe??, ?o iniiaieo /eiiee?a aoi?/ii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?,
i?iaeai aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? ? eiinie?aeaoe?? oe?a?inueei?
iaoe?? a oiiaao ?? o?ainoi?iaoe?? a?ae oioae?oa?ecio /a?ac aaoi?eoa?eci
aei aeaiie?ao??.

I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c aeaa i?aenoaae noi?ioethaaoe ?yae aaaeeeaeo
oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/ieo aeniiae?a, a yeeo cie?aia aeiaaaeaii, ui:

· i?iaieioaiiy iacaeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie iaaeaei iiaooi?e ?iioeuen
i?ioeanai aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? ?? a?iiaaeyi, ?o
iaoe?iiaeueiiio naiiaecia/aiith;

· ethaeeia a i?ioean? nioe?ioeea?e?caoe?eii? aaiethoe?? i?ieoea oae?
noaae?? – ieaiaia, ?iaee, ia?iaeiino? ? iaoe??. Iiyaa eiaeiiai ?c oeeo
oei?a aaiethoe?? ethaeeie coiiaeaia ye nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieie, oae ?
iie?oe/ieie oiiaaie ?o noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo;

· aoiin ? iaoe?y – ye noni?euei? yaeua aeecuee?, aea ia oioiaei?.
Cia/ii neeaaei?oith ca nai?th aioo??oiueith no?oeoo?ith ? iaoe?y,
aecia/aiiy ci?noo yei? ? nueiaiaei? caeeoa?oueny iaiaeiicia/iei;

· a?aei?iiino? o iiaeyaeao ia oeoia/aiiy iiiyoue “aoiin” ? “iaoe?y”
aecia/athoue ? iaiaeeiaeia?noue i?aeoiae?a i?e aeine?aeaeaii?
?aeaioe/iinoae (aoi?/ii?, iaoe?iiaeueii?, aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?). Iicaye
inoaii? iaeii/anii ? ? na?ae/aiiyi ooaa?aeaeaiiy aeaiie?aoe/ieo canaae,
oa?aeoa?iith ?enith yeeo aenooia? ieth?ae?ci aeoiie, ui neeaany inoaii?i
/anii o a?o/eciyi?e aoiiiie?oieia?/i?e iaooe?;

· aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue ooaa?aeaeo?oueny a i?ioean? ?icaeoeo
aoiino ? iaoe??, i?e/iio oeae ?icaeoie ia? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? ?
aeooiai? i?aeaaeeie, aeine?aeaeaiiy yeeo ? iaeiei ?c aaaeeeaeo caaaeaiue
aoiiiie?oieia?/ii? iaoee;

· oi?eaeuei?noue ? aiaeii/an a?aea oe?a?inueei? iaoe?iaaiace iieyaa? o
oiio, ui aiia ii?aeio? a nia? aeina?ae oi?ioaaiiy “noa?eo” ? “iiaeo”
iaoe?e, ui ?iaeoue oe?a?inueeee iaoe?iaaiac iaaecae/aeii neeaaeiei
i?ioeanii. Oaeee aeniiaie a?oioo?oueny ia iniaeeainoyo ?noi?e/iiai
?icaeoeo aoi?/ieo oe?a?ioe?a, ?oiueiai no/aniiai noaoono a nenoai?
iie?aoi?/iiai oe?a?inueeiai nioe?oio;

· i??i?eoaoieie iai?yieaie i?e ?ic?iaoe? ? i?iaaaeaii?
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae ? “ciyooy”
noia?a/iinoae i?ae aoi?/iei ? iaoe?iiaeueiei, iai?ioenoaaeaiiy aoi?/ii?
? iie?oe/ii? eiioeaioe?e iaoe??, aca?iica`ceo ? aca?iiae?? aoi?/ieo ?
iaoe?iiaeueieo ca nai?th noooth aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo /eiiee?a, ca?aeii c
eiioeaioe??th yea ia?aaeaa/aea ia neioaoe/ia (o cia/aii? ooo/ia)
ii?aeiaiiy aoi?/ii? ? iie?oe/ii? eiioeaioe?e iaoe??, no?aeii- ?
cao?aeii?a?iiaenueei? iiaeaeae iaoe?? (ca A.Ni?oii), a i?aai?/io,
i?e?iaeii-?noi?e/io ?aei?noue, iniiao yei? neeaaeathoue a?iiaaenuee?
aca?ieie – eiiieaen iie?oe/ieo ? ia iie?oe/ieo ca`yce?a ? a?aeiinei;

· i?iaiae?ciaai? a aeena?oaoe?? eiioeaioe?? iioiaeaeaiiy iaoe??
i?noyoue a nia? eiino?oeoeai? aeaiaioe, ye? a?eueoith /e iaioith i??ith
i?iaeiaaeothoue naaa a ianooiieo eiioeaioe?yo. Ia ? aeeeth/aiiyi ?c
oeueiai i?aaeea ? eiioeaioe?y iioiaeaeaiiy iaoe??, iniiao yei?
neeaaeathoue a?iiaaenuee? aca?ieie. I?e /iio aaoi? ia i?aoaiaeo? ia
?aeeiii?aaeeuei?noue noi?ioeueiaaii? eiioeaioe??, ine?eueee na?aeiiee
oiai, ui a oiiaao e?ece, c iaeiiai aieo, a, c ?ioiai, aoi?/iiai
?aianaino, a?aeaeaaaoe i??i?eoao aoaeue-ye?e ?c eiioeaioe?e iaoe?? aoei
a iaoeiai iaaeinoia??ii. Oei a?eueoa, ui oaea nueiaiaei? aoi?/ia ?
iniaeeai iie?oe/ia eiioeaioe?y iaoe?? o aaaaoueio e?a?iao, o oiio /ene?
? a Oe?a?i?, noaee caaaeueiiaeciaieie. Iacaia?a/oth/e i/aaeaeiiai, ana
ae, c o?aooaaiiyi aaiiie?oe/iiai noaiiaeua oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae,
iniaeeainoae aoi?/iiai ?icaeoeo, iaioae?oaoo oe?a?ioe?a oiui, aaoi?
aaa/a? ui oeae i?ioean a Oe?a?i? ia aoaea oaeei i?yiie?i?eiei (aoi?/iei
/e iie?oe/iei) ye oea ia?aaeaa/athoue ie?ai? aeine?aeieee. Aacnoii?aii,
ui oeae i?ioean aoaea aaaaoi a /iio noiaeei ?c cao?aeii-?a?iiaenueeith
iiaeaeeth iaoe?ioai?aiiy, iaeiae a?i aoaea iaoe ? a?aei?iiino?
iia`ycai?, ianaiia?aae, c iaiao?aei?noth iaeaaiaeaeaiiy a?eueo oe?ieeo
a?iiaaenueeeo ca`yce?a ? aca?iia?aeiinei i?ae ??cieie aoi?/ieie
ni?eueiinoyie, ui neeaaeathoue iei? oe?a?inueeee nioe?oi;

· a eiiieaen? noia?a/iinoae aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai ?icaeoeo aoaeue-yei?
iie?aoi?/ii? aea?aeaae, o oiio /ene? ? Oe?a?ie, i?iaeaia
aee?enoae?caoe?? ? aa?iii?caoe? aoi?/ieo ? iaoe?iiaeueieo ?aeaioeoao?a ?
oi?ioaaiiy ia ?o iniia? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? ? iaei??th ?c
eeth/iaeo a iaoe?ioai?/iio i?ioean?. O oeueiio eiioaeno?
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue ?icaeyaea?oueny aaoi?ii ye aeaea?aei
ci?oeiaiiy aea?aeaaiino?, ye oaeoi? ia eeoa iaoe?iiaeueiiai, a e
aea?aeaaiiai noaa?ai?oaoo;

· iaei?eeiyoi?oee oeyo ooaa?aeaeaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? –
aaiethoe?eiee. Oe??th iaoiaeieia?/iith canaaeith ea?o?oueny ia?aaaaeia
a?eueo?noue ye ca?oa?aeieo, oae ? a?o/eciyieo a/aieo, aeine?aeaeoth/e
aoi?/io ? iaoe?iiaeueio ?aeaioe/iino?. Nie?aea?ii? oi/ee ci?o
aeiaea?aeo?oueny ? aaoi?, aea/ath/e aoiiiaoe?iiaeueio ?aeaioeo?eaoe?th
oe?a?ioe?a;

· aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioeo?eaoe?y ethaeeie ? i?ioean, yeee yaey?
niaith oi?io ?ooo iaoe?iiaeueiiai ? aaciina?aaeiuei ia iia`ycaia c
eeaniaeie canaaeaie ?nioaaiiy iaoe??;

· a i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? i?aai?/ia
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy caaaeueiiethaenueeiai, iaoe?iiaeueiiai oa
?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai ? iaoeiai aeinoia??iei;

· nioe?aeuei? nenoaie, a yeeo a?aeaoaa?oueny aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia
?aeaioeo?eaoe?y, iathoue ae??oaeueia cia/aiiy, ine?eueee aiie iiaeooue
aai noai?thaaoe iaiao?aei? iiaeeeaino? aai iaiaaeoaaoe ? iaa?oue
niioai?thaaoe i?ioean ?? ?icai?oaiiy;

· aoaeue-ye? ni?iae ia?aoai?eoe i?ioean aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioeo?eaoe?? o naiioe?eue, iica caaaeueiiethaenueeeie,
aeaiie?aoe/ieie, nioe?aeueieie ? aeooiaieie oe?iiinoyie, oiaoi
ia?aoai?eoe eiai ia cia?yaeaey ianeeueieoeueeiai naiiooaa?aeaeaiiy, oei
a?eueo ye aeniain?ii?nonueei? ca?i?, niiniao iaioaaiiy oiui ?
aioeiaoe?iiaeueiei yaeuai, yea, c?aooith, ?oeio? a oaeee niin?a
aeei?enoaiee aai i?aai?ciaaiee i?ioean ooaa?aeaeaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioe/iino?;

· nooi?iue ?ic?iaee i?iaeaie aoi?/ii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? o
a?o/eciyi?e iaooe?, ia aeeaey/enue ia iayai?noue aaeeeiai ianeao
aoiiiie?oieia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e, iiee ui caeeoa?oueny iaaeinoaoi?i. O
oeueiio eiioaeno? iniaeeai? oaaae c aieo oe?a?inueeeo aoiiiie?oieia?a
iio?aao? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino? ye ia?ao?aeiiai
oeio ia oeyoo ooaa?aeaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?, caaaeii
i?ioeano iaoe?ioai?aiiy;

· i?ioean iiaeeaeaiiy aoiiiaoe?iiaeueiiai ?icaeoeo a Oe?a?i? nueiaiaei?
iio?aao? iiaeaeueoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii?
?aeaioe/iino? a yeiio aoei a ia?aaeaa/aii i?iaaaeaiiy nioe?ieia?/ieo
iieooaaiue a?iiaaeyi uiaei ?oiuei? aoi?/ii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii?
i?eiaeaaeiino? ? ?ic?iaee ia oe?e iniia? oai??? iiaeaethaaiiy ?
i?iaiicoaaiiy iaoe?ioai?aiiy a Oe?a?i?;

· aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue a ia?ao?aeieo oiiaao
iaoe?inoaiiaeaiiy, iineeaiiy i?ioeano iaoe?iiaeueiiai naiiooaa?aeaeaiiy
?ai?oa caeaaeieo ia?iae?a, ia? eiino?oeoeaiee ci?no. Ia a?aei?io a?ae
iaaeaai?o ?noi?e/ieo /an?a, oeae i?ioean caeaa?eueoiai a?aeaoaa?oueny a
oe?eiio o oeea?e?ciaaieo oi?iao, oi/a ? e a?aeaa?oa neeiaa i?ioenoiyiiy,
yea iiaeiia ci?iaoe na?oiaa ni?eueiioa, ianaiia?aae, /a?ac I?aai?caoe?th
Ia`?aeiaieo Iaoe?e.

Oe? ? aeaye? ?io? aeniiaee c?iaeai? a aeena?oaoe?? iiaeooue
iineoaoaaoeny a iiaeaeueoiio aaeineiiaeaii? eiioeaiooaeueieo canaae
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? iie?oeee iacaeaaeii? oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae, ie?ai?
?c ieo ciaeaeooue canoinoaaiiy i?e aenia?oieo ioe?ieao ??ciiai ?iaeo
aoiiiie?oe/ieo neooaoe?e, ?ica`ycaiiy aioo??- ? i?aeiaoe?iiaeueieo
eiioe?eo?a.

Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iaaeathoue
aeiaeaoeia? iiaeeeaino?: a?eueo iiaeeaeaiiai a?aooaaiiy iaeiie/aiiai
ca?oa?aeiith ? a?o/eciyiith iaoeith aeina?aeo iaoe?iaoae?aieoeoaa;
?ic?iaee ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiaeo i?aeoiae?a ?ica`ycaiiy
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo i?iaeai cie?aia a ?yae? ?aa?ii?a Noiaeo ? I?aaeiy
Oe?a?ie, o oiio /ene? ? E?eio.

?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue noaoe iaaiith
aeaea?aeueiith aacith aeey iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo iaoe?ieia?? –
oai?aoe/ii? iniiae aoiiiie?oieia?/ii? iaoee.

NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO I?AOeUe CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??

Iiiia?ao?y:

1.Iaooiee I.?. Aoiin ? iaoe?y: i?iaeaie ?aeaioe/iino? – E.: Oe?a?inueeee
Oeaio? aeooiaii? eoeueoo?e, 1998. – 204 n.

?aoeaic??: Eo/a? A. Aoiin ? iaoe?y: i?iaeaie ?aeaioe/iino? //Ina?oa, –
1998. – ?64-65. 21-28 aeiaoiy. – N.3; Aii/a? A.I. A iiooeao
?aeaioe/iino? aoiino ? iaoe?? //Ina?oa, 1999. – ?26-27, 12-19 o?aaiy. –
N.5; Iaeaia?/oe A.I. Aeoiea a/aiiai. Aoiin ? iaoe?y: i?iaeaie ?o
?aeaioe/iino? //Ina?oa Oe?a?ie, 1999, ?18(142), 5 o?aaiy. – N.6.

Eieaeoeai? iiiia?ao??, a?ioo?e:

2. Iaooiee I.?. Iaoe?? ? iaoe?iiaeuei? a?aeiineie a iie?oe/iiio aeeoo?
noni?euenoaa //Iie?oieia?y. Ca ?aae. Aac?iaeiiai N.O. – E., IIE AI,
1992. – N. 69-76.

3. Iaooiee I.?. Iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? noni?eueii-iie?oe/ii?
aeoiee a i?aeai?iiee ia??iae //Oe?a?inueea iie?oieia?y: aeoiee ?
aaiethoe?y (ea?. aao. eie. Ee?eethe O.I.). – E.: Aa?oa, 1995. –
n.206-256.

4. Iaooiee I.?. Nioe?aeueii-aoi?/i? ni?eueiino? a nenoai? iie?oe/ieo
a?aeiinei //Iniiae iie?oieia?? (ea?. aao. eie. Ee?eethe O.I.). – E.:,
Eea?aeue, 1995. – n.111-125.

5. Iaooiee I.?., Iaeai?iaea I.I. Aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia iie?oeea //Iniiae
iie?oieia??. Ca ?aae. Ee?eethea O.I. – E.: Aeae-ai Caei?ia`y, – 1999. –
N. 184-192.

6. Iaooiee I.?. Aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue – oaiiiai
naiiaecia/aiiy oe?a?ioe?a. E.: ?AOe “Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao”. – 1999. –
40 n.

7. Iaooiee I.?. Iaoe?iiaeueia naiiooaa?aeaeaiiy oe?a?ioe?a: ?noi?e/iee
ia/a?e. – E.: “A?ae?ioaea oe?a?ioey”. – 1999. – 56 n.

Noaoo? a iaoeiaeo aeaeaiiyo:

8. Iaooiee I.?. I?iaeaie aaaaoiiaoe?iiaeueiino? a oai??? ? i?aeoeoe?
//Ieoaiiy nioe?aeueii-iie?oe/ieo iaoe. I?aea?aeii/ee iaoeiaee ca??iee.
Aei.?83. – E.:Eea?aeue,1992.-N.9-12.

9. Iaooiee I.?. Iaoe?iiaeuei? a?aeiineie ? iie?oeea //Iie?oieia?/iee
a?niee. – E.: IIE AI, 1993. – *.3. – n.188-194.

10. Iaooiee I.?. Iaoe?iiaeueia ?aeay a i?ioean? naiiaecia/aiiy iaoe??
//I?iaeaia niai?iino? Oe?a?ie a OO no: Ca.iaoe.i?. – E., 1994. –
n.186-191.

11. Iaooiee I.?. Aei ieoaiiy aaiace oe?a?inueeiai iaoe?iiae?cio //Noai,
i?iaeaie, ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo oe?a?iiciaanoaa. – E., 1994. – n.56-59.

12. Iaooiee I.?. Iaoe?ieia?y a nenoai? iie?oe/ieo iaoe //Iie?oieia?/iee
a?niee. – E., 1994. – Aei.2. – n.274-280.

13. Iaooiee I.?. Aeaiie?ao?y a i?ioean? noaiiaeaiiy oe?a?inueei? iaoe??
//Oe?a?iiciaanoai a ?icaoaeia? aea?aeaae: a 3-o eieaao. – E., 1994. –
Ei.1. – n.126-130.

14. Iaeai?iaea I.I., Iaooiee I.?. Iaoe?iiaeueia iie?oeea a oiiaao
?icaoaeiae oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae (aiae?oe/iee iaeyae) //Iie?oieia?/iee
a?niee. – E.: Eea?aeue, 1995. – Aei. 5. – n.68-93.

15. Eo/a? A., Iaooiee I. Iaoe?iiaeueia ieoaiiy ?aaeyinueei? aeiae. Aei
aiae?co ? i?aenoie?a //A?/a. – 1995. – ?6. – n.130-141.

16. Iaooiee I.?. I?oiianueeee I. Naiino?eia Oe?a?ia //Iie?oieia?/iee
iaeyae: ?ao. ca. – E.: Aeaaeaii?an, 1995. – Aei.2. – n.84-86.

17. Iaooiee I.?. Noe?ai?nueeee I. Iaoe?ie?ao?y //Iie?oieia?/iee iaeyae:
?ao. ca. – E.: Aeaaeaii?an, 1995. – Aei.2. – n.87-109.

18. Iaooiee I.?. Iaoe?ie?ao?y: iiooee iaoeiaiai aecia/aiiy
//?aa?iiaeueia iie?oeea Oe?a?ie: eiioeaiooaeuei? canaaee, ?noi??y,
ia?niaeoeae: Ca. iaoe. i?. – E., 1995. – n.79-86.

19. Iaooiee I.?. Noe?ai?nueeee I. //Oe?a?inueea iie?oieia?y: aeoiee ?
aaiethoe?y. – E.: Aa?oa, 1995. – N.317-319.

20. Iaooiee I.?. ?aaao E. //Oe?a?inueea iie?oieia?y: aeoiee ?
aaiethoe?y. – E.: Aa?oa, 1995. – N.314-316.

21. Iaooiee I.?. Eeia TH. //Oe?a?inueea iie?oieia?y: aeoiee ?
aaiethoe?y. – E.: Aa?oa, 1995. – n.302-304.

22. ?aaeaei A.A., Iaooiee I.?., Iaeai?iaea I.I. Aoiiiaoe?iiaeuei?
i?ioeane a no/ani?e Oe?a?i?: aeina?ae, i?iaeaie, ia?niaeoeae. – E.:
Aeae-ai OAAeO, 1996. – 116 n.

23. Eo/a? A., Iaooiee I. Aea?aeaaioai?/? iiaeyaee I. Noe?ai?nueeiai
//?icaoaeiaa aea?aeaae. – 1998. – ? 5-6. – n.101-107.

24. Iaooiee I. Iaoe?iiae?ci: i?iaeaie iaoeiaiai
aecia/aiiy//Oai?en-E.,1998.-N.34-35.

25. Iaooiee I.?. Iaoe?iiaeueia ?aeay a eiioaeno? iiaoaeiae
a?iiaaeyinueeiai noni?euenoaa //A?niee. O?einio?y. Iie?oieia?y. Aei.?27.
– E., 1998. – ?AOe “Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao”. – N.50-53.

26. Iaooiee I.?. Oai??y iaoe?? o iaoeia?e niaaeuei? N.?oaeieoeueeiai
//Aecaieueiee oeyo. Noni?eueii-iie?oe/iee, iaoeiaee ? e?oa?aoo?iee
i?ny/iee. Ei. 6 (603), 1998. – Aeae. “Oe?a?inueea ?ioi?iaoe?eia
neoaeaa”. Eiiaeii – Ee?a, – N.707-711.

27. Iaooiee I.?. Iaoe?ieia?y a nenoai? iaoe i?i iaoe?th //A?niee.
O?einio?y. Iie?oieia?y. Aei. ?29. – E. – 1999. – ?AOe “Ee?anueeee
oi?aa?neoao”. – N.72-74.

28. Iaooiee I.?. Aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue: eiioeaiooaeueiee
aniaeo. //A?niee. O?einio?y. Iie?oieia?y. Aei. ?30. – E. – 1999. – ?AOe
“Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao”. – N.53-56.

Iaooiee I.?. Aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue a eiioaeno? oi?ioaaiiy
oe?a?inueei? iaoe?? (?oeiien).

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a iie?oe/ieo iaoe ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth 23.00.05 – aoiiiie?oieia?y ? aoiiaea?aeaaiciaanoai –
?inoeooo iie?oe/ieo ? aoiiiaoe?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie,
Ee?a, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia aeine?aeaeaiith oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/ieo i?iaeai
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? ethaeeie ia oeyoo aei ??
iaoe?iiaeueiiai naiiooaa?aeaeaiiy. C`yniaaii ci?no ? no?oeoo?o
aoiiiaoe?iiaeueii? ?aeaioe/iino?, aecia/aii ?? i?noea ? ?ieue o no/anieo
aoiiiie?oe/ieo i?ioeanao Oe?a?ie. Aeiaaaeaii, ui aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia
?aeaioe/i?noue – iaiao?aeia oiiaa iiaeeaeaiiy i?ioeano iaoe?ioai?aiiy,
i?aeiaoe?iiaeueii? ceaaiaee ? aaciaee ia?iae?a.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aoiiiaoe?iiaeuei?noue, aoiiiaoe?iiaeueia ?aeaioe/i?noue,
aoiin, iaoe?y, aoiiaaiaca, iaoe?iaaiaca, iaoe?iiae?caoe?y, iie?oecaoe?y
aoi?/iino?, aoi?caoe?y iie?oeee, iie?oe/ia iaoe?y, iaoe?ieia?y.

Obushney M.I. Etnoidentity as a Context of Formation Ukrainian Nation
(Manuscript).

The theses for doctor’s degree on Political Sciences 23.00.05 –
Etnopolitology & etnoderszavoznavstvo. The Institute of political and
etnonational investigations, NAS, Ukraine, Kyiv, 1999.

The thesis is devoted to researching the theoretical and practical
problems of human being etnonational identification on the way of to its
national selfdetermination. The content and structure of etnonational
identification are defined and determinated its place and role in the
modern etnopolitical processes in Ukraine. It is proved that
etnonational identity is the necessary condition for deapening the
process of national formation, international consent and people’s
security.

Key words: etnonationality, etnonational identity, etnos, nation,
etnogenesis, natiogenesis, nationalization, politization of etnolity,
etnization of policy, political nation, nationology.

Iaooiue I.E. Yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiay eaeaioe/iinoue a eiioaenoa oi?ie?iaaiey
oe?aeineie iaoeee (?oeiienue).

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie aeieoi?a iieeoe/aneeo iaoe ii
niaoeeaeueiinoe 23.00.05 – yoiiiieeoieiaey e yoiiainoaea?noaiaaaeaiea –
Einoeooo iieeoieiae/aneeo e yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee IAI
Oe?aeiu, Eeaa, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia enneaaeiaaieth oai?aoeei-i?aeoe/aneeo i?iaeai
yioiiaoeeiiaeueiie eaeaioeoeeaoeee /aeiaaea ia iooe e aai
iaoeeiiaeueiiio naiiooaa?aeaeaieth. Auyniaii niaea?aeaiea e no?oeoo?o
yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiie eaeaioe/iinoe, ii?aaeaeaii a? ianoi e ?ieue a
nia?aiaiiuo yoiiiieeoe/aneeo i?ioeannao Oe?aeiu. Aeieacaii, /oi
aoiiiaoeeiiaeueiay eaeaioe/iinoue – iaiaoiaeeiia oneiaea oaeoaeaiey
i?ioeana oi?ie?iaaiey iaoeee, iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiiai niaeaney e
aaciianiinoe ia?iaeia.

Aeaii oai?aoe/aneia iainiiaaiea oiai, /oi yoiin e iaoeey eae
iauanoaaiiua yaeaiey iiiyoey aeeceea, ii ia oiaeaeanoaaiiua. Eaaeaeia ec
ieo i?aaenoaaeyao ii?aaeaeaiiue nioeeioeeaeeecaoeeiiiue oei /aeiaaea,
eioi?ue oi?ie?oaony niioaaonoaaiii a yoii- e iaoeeiaaiaoe/aneoth noaaeee
iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey. A n?aaiaiee n yoiinii iaoeey – yaeaiea aieaa
neiaeiia, aianoa n oai e iaeiia?aiaiii iaiaa eiina?aaoeaiia, o.a.
iiaeaeathuaany iinoiyiiui eciaiaieyi e i?aaeaea anaai a ia?eiae
o?ainoi?iaoeee aa eaeaioeoeeaoeeiiiuo /a?o. Anoanoaaiii, /oi aeeiaieea
i?ioeana oi?ie?iaaiey iaoeee ia eneeth/aao, a, iai?ioea, i?aaeiieaaaao
i?aaie/aneia, yaiethoeeiiiia aa ?acaeoea niioaaonoaaiii n
iauanioeeieiae/aneeie caeiiaie iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey a /anoiinoe caeiia
niaiyaiinoe, aa?iiie/anee ni/aoathuaai a naaa aeieiae/aneea e
nioeeaeueiua ia/aea nouiinoe /aeiaaea.

Iaeiie ec ioee/eoaeueiuo iniaaiinoae yoiiaaiaoe/aneie io
iaoeeiaaiaoe/aneie noaaeee – iaiaeeiaeiaue o?iaaiue niciaiey homo
sapiens.

Iniiao yoie/aneiai niciaiey ninoaaeytho i?aaenoaaeaiey ia iauiinoe
i?ienoiaeaeaiey, (iaiaycaoaeueii e?iaiiai) e ia yoie aaca
naiieaeaioeoeeaoeey /aeiaaea n ii?aaeaeaiiie yoie/aneie iauiinoueth.

Iniiao aea iaoeeiiaeueiiai niciaiey ninoaaeyao iniuneaiiay
naiieaeaioeoeeaoeey /aeiaaea n ii?aaeaeaiiie iauiinoueth ethaeae eae ca
yoie/aneeie oae e nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneeie e?eoa?eyie eee ca eo
niaieoiiinoueth.

Iiiaieaoiyy eieiieaeueiay caaeneiinoue Oe?aeiu io ae?oaeo ainoaea?noa
o?aae/anee io?aceeanue ia i?ioeana yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiie eaeaioeoeeaoeee.
I?e yoii, eae naeaeaoaeuenoaoao iiuo ?acaa?ouaaiey yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiie
eaeaioeoeeaoeee a ia?eiae iacaaeneiiai ?acaeoey Oe?aeiu, yoie/aneea
oe?aeioeu noieeioeenue ia yoii iooe n aua aieueoeie o?oaeiinoyie, /ai
eiiyoie/aneea iaiueoeinoaa, eioi?ui oe?aeineia ainoaea?noai nicaeaei
iaiaoiaeeiua oneiaey aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey eo yoie/aneeo iio?aaiinoae.

N?aaee o?oaeiinoae, eioi?ua iaaaoeaii io?aaeathoueny ia oaeoaeaiee
yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiie naiieaeaioeoeeaoeee oe?aeioeaa, aaoi? auaeaeyao:
ooa?y /oanoaa iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeinoieinoaa o cia/eoaeueiie /anoe
yoie/aneeo oe?aeioeaa; ieceee o?iaaiue iaoeeiiaeueiiai niciaiey o
cia/eoaeueiie /anoe iaoeeiiaeueiie yeeou, iiey?ecaoeey aa acaeyaeia
ioiineoaeueii iieeoe/aneie e aeiiiie/aneie i?eaioaoeee aeaeueiaeoaai
?acaeoey Oe?aeiu e iaeioi?ua ae?oaea.

Aiaeec eiathueony o?oaeiinoae yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiiai ?acaeoey a Oe?aeia
iicaieee aaoi?o naeaeaoue oai?aoe/anee aaaeiue auaiae i oii, /oi
oeie/ioth aeey aieueoeinoaa ainoaea?noa ie?a iiaeaeue “iaoeeiiaeueiia
aieueoeinoai – iaoeeiiaeueiia iaioainoai” a i?ioeana yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiie
eaeaioeoeeaoeee oe?aeioeaa neaaeoao i?eiaiyoue oai?/anee, aeoeaioe?oy
iniaia aieiaiea ia cia/eiinoe ia yoie/aneeo eee iaoeeiiaeueiuo /a?o, a
iauanoaaiiuo acaeiiioiioaieyo, iniiao eioi?uo aeieaeiu ninoaaeyoue ia
eiee/anoaaiiua iieacaoaee (iaoeeiiaeueiia aieueoeinoai), a o?iaaiue
eoeueoo?u e oeeaeeeciaaiinoe (ea/anoaaiiua iieacaoaee), o/ao iiuoa
oi?ie?iaaiey “noa?uo” e “iiauo” iaoeee.

Oa?aeoaiie /a?oie i?ioeana oi?ie?iaaiey oe?aeineie iaoeee naaiaeiy
yaeyaony aeaiia?iinoue, o.a. iaee/ea a iai “aeaio iaoeee – yoie/aneie e
iieeoe/aneie”. I?e yoii eaaeaeay ec ieo eiaao naie enoi/ieee noaiiaeaiey
e ?acaeoey, iaeiae a i?ioeana naiae yaiethoeee iie iinoaiaiii
niaaeeiythony a aaeeiue ?o/aae iaoeeinoaiiaeaiey. Oneiaey aeaiia?iinoe
o?aaotho io oe?aeineeo o/aiuo e iieeoeeia aeeoa?aioee?iaaiiai iiaeoiaea
i?e ii?aaeaeaiee o?iaiae yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiie eaeaioe/iinoe yoie/aneeo e
eiiyoie/aneeo aeeoaeae Oe?aeiu.

Ana yoi aeaeaao yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiue eaeaioeoeeaoeeiiiue i?ioean a Oe?aeia
/a?acau/aeii neiaeiui, aianoa n oai iieaciui e iio/eoaeueiui,
neaaeiaaoaeueii o?aaothuei e naaa i?enoaeueiiai aieiaiey enneaaeiaaoaeae
yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiie e yoiiiieeoe/aneie i?iaeaiaoeee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiinoue, yoiiiaoeeiiaeueiay
eaeaioe/iinoue, yoiin, iaoeey, yoiiaaiacen, iaoeeiaaiacen,
iaoeeiiaeecaoeey, iieeoecaoeey yoie/iinoe, yoiecaoeey iieeoeee,
iieeoe/aneay iaoeey, iaoeeieiaey.

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