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Oa?e?anueeee i?aeaia O?oaeiaiai *a?aiiiai I?aii?a aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee
oi?aa?neoao ?iai? A.A. Aeieo/a?aa

IAO?IA Aaaeei Ieeieaeiae/

OAeE 631.16:[ 631.151.2:631.15:633.63

AOAEOEAI?NOUe ?IOAINEO?EAOe?? AE?IAIEOeOAA ? IA?A?IAEE I?IAeOEOe?? A
IE?EIII?IAeOEOIAIIO I?AeEIIIEAEN? AIE

(ia iaoa??aeao Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?)

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 08.07.02 – Aeiiii?ea n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ? AIE

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Oa?e?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiienii

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao?
?i. A.A.Aeieo/a?aa ia eaoaae?? i?aai?caoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa oa aa?ia?ciano.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

IA?OUessIIA A?eoi? Iaaeiae/,

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e i?aai?caoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa oa aa?ia?ciano

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe,i?ioani?,

/eai-ei?aniiiaeaio OAAI

AIA?INIA Aieiaeeie? sseiae/

caa?aeoaa/ Oa?e?anueeiai a?aeae?eo iaoeiai-ae?iaie/eo oi?ioaaiue
?inoeoooo aa?a?ii? aeiiii?ee OAAI

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe,i?ioani?

OO?*AIEI Ieoaeei Ieoaeeiae/

i?ioani? eaoaae?e i?aai?caoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa oa iaiaaeaeiaioo
Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo n?euenueeiai
ainiiaea?noaa

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Iieoaanueeee n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeee ?inoeooo,
eaoaae?a aeiiii?ee, ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei ? ia?eaoeiao

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 3 “ ____3_____1999 ?ieo i 12 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 64.803.01 a Oa?e?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? A.A.Aeieo/a?aa ca
aae?anith:

312131, i.Oa?e?a, i/a “Eiioi?no-1”, o/aiaa i?noa/ei OAeAO, ei?ion 1,
aoae.213.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. A.A.Aeieo/a?aa.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 27 “___1_____1999 ?ieo.

A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee IAEAAeIINUeEEE
A.A.CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. A oiiaao noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee oa
no?oeoo?ii? ia?aaoaeiae AIE iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy iaaoaathoue ieoaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? ?icaeoeo ie?aieo aaeocae ? i?iaeoeoiaeo i?aeeiiieaen?a oa
aecia/aiiy iai?yi?a ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa ? ia?a?iaee i?iaeoeoe??
c o?aooaaiiyi iiieoo ia ?aa?iiaeueieo ? caaaeueiiiaoe?iiaeueiiio ?eieao.
Cie?aia i?iaeaia i?aeaeuaiiy ye?nieo iieaciee?a ooieoe?iioaaiiy
ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno a ?eieiaeo oiiaao ia? aeey Oe?a?ie
no?aoaa?/io aaao, ai naia niiyoiee oa i?iaeoeoe eiai ia?a?iaee ?
nueiaiaei? iaeiei c iaae?eieo aeaea?ae aaethoieo iaaeoiaeaeaiue,
e?euee?noue yeeo a aea?aeaa? aeineoue iaiaaeaia. Aeine?aeaeaiiy ieoaiue
?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa a oeueiio i?aeeiiieaen? aaaeeeaa ua e oiio,
ui caaacia/ai?noue ian?iiyi ie?eieo eoeueoo? ye aaaaoieiiiiiaioiith
ne?iaeiith aecia/a? ?icaeoie aaaaoueio noi?aeieo ae?iaieoeoa oa?/iai?,
eiia?ei?iiai?, o?i?/ii? i?iieneiaino?, ni?ey? oi?ioaaiith oa
ia?a?iciiae?eo o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a.

A inoaii? ?iee ooieoe?iioaaiiy ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno Oe?a?ie
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ??ceei niaaeii aoaeoeaiino? ainiiaea?thaaiiy ye a
iaaeao ie?aieo neeaaeiaeo ?aeeiiai oaoiieia?/iiai oeeeeo (n?euenueea
ainiiaea?noai, caaio?aey, ia?a?iaia i?iieneia?noue, ?aae?caoe?y), oae ?
o ae?iaie/eo ca’yceao i?ae ieie. Oea i?ecaiaeeoue aei ciaioaiiy ianya?a
ae?iaieoeoaa ? ia?a?iaee ie?eii? ne?iaeie, c?inoaiiy aeo?ao ?ano?n?a,
iia??oaiiy ye?nieo iieaciee?a i?iaeoeoe??, aeaoi?iaoe?? no?oeoo?e
aenii?oo ? ye iane?aeie – aei iecueeiai ??aiy caaeiaieaiiy iiieoo
niiaeea/iai ?eieo ia a?o/eciyio ie?eiiaee?iao i?iaeoeoe?th.

C o?aooaaiiyi aaaaoiieaiiaino? i?iaeaie a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee
aeieea? iaiao?aei?noue a ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeieia?/ieo i?eioeei?a ?
i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei ia?aaaaeaiiy aaeoc? ia ia?aaaaeii
?ioaineai? canaaee ?icaeoeo, aecia/aiiy iai?yie?a i?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy iayaiiai ae?iaie/iai iioaioe?aeo
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ? ia?a?iaieo i?aei?e?inoa, oi?ioaaiiy ?eieo
eiieo?aioini?iiiaeii? ie?eiiaee?iai? i?iaeoeoe??. Ana oea ? iaoiiaeei
aea?? ? aeooaeuei?noue oaie oa i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy i?iaaaeaiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Noai aea/aiiy i?iaeaie. Aeine?aeaeaiith aeiiii?/ieo, i?aai?caoe?eieo,
oaoiieia?/ieo, aeieia?/ieo, nioe?aeueieo aniaeo?a ?ioaineo?eaoe??
aa?ii?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa i?enay/aii aaaaoi iaoeiaeo i?aoeue
a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo. Cia/iee aianie a ?ic?iaeo
eiioeaiooaeueieo iieiaeaiue i?iaeaie c?iaeee oe?a?inuee?
aeiiii?noe-aa?a?ieee A.Aia?inia, E.Ai?/ei, I.Ai?uaanueeee,
I.Aoaooeueeee, I.Aaeaeooeueeee, A.Ai?eaaee, E.Aeaeiaei, I.Eiaan,
?.Eoe?iia, A.Ia?oueyiia, Ae.I?aeaa?, A.O?aaia/oe oa ?io? aeine?aeieee.
I?ioa a no/anieo oiiaao /eiaei iieiaeaiue, ?ic?iaeaieo aeiiii?/iith
iaoeith, iio?aaothoue iiaeo i?aeoiae?a c o?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?/ieo
iniaeeainoae ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo. I?e caaaeuei?e ?icaaeainiaaiino?
aeiiii?ee, iaiaaeaiino? i?e?iaeieo ?ano?n?a, c?inoaii? aeo?ao ia
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aeinyaiaiue iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai i?ia?ano, a?aeoieo ?iai/i?
neee a ?io? noa?e ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa cia/ii ci?iththoueny niiniae
eii?aeeiaoe?? ? oi?aae?iiy ae?iaie/eie i?ioeanaie a aaeoc?, a oea
aeiaaa? ?ic?iaee iiaeo eiioeaiooaeueieo iniia ?ioaineo?eaoe??,
?icoe?aiiai aeei?enoaiiy a?ieia?/ieo caeiiii??iinoae oi?ioaaiiy a?iaea?a
ie?eieo eoeueoo? c o?aooaaiiyi aeieia?/ieo iane?aee?a, oaeineiiaeaiiy
?ioaa?aoe?eieo ca’yce?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ? ia?a?iaieo
i?aei?e?inoa oiui.

A no/anieo oiiaao eiaeia aaeocue AIE noai?th? iaaiee oei ?eieo nai??
i?iaeoeoe??, yeee yaey? niaith noeoii?noue iai?iieo iia?aoe?e c
?aaoethaaiiy ainiiaea?nueeeo ca’yce?a ia aeineiiae?e aeiiii?/i?e,
i?aaia?e oa th?eaee/i?e iniia?. Aeine?aeaeaiith oi?ioaaiiy oa ?icaeoeo
?eieo ie?eiiaee?iai? i?iaeoeoe?? ia caaaeueiiiaoe?iiaeueiiio ?
?aa?iiaeueiiio ??aiyo i?enay/ai? iaoeia? i?aoe? A.Aieea, I.Eiaeainueei?,
A. Eaci?, E. I?iai?ii?, I.Oi?oiaeiai, A.Ooiaeea, I.Naaeoea. Aea ua
?niothoue ?noioi? ?ica?aeiino? o i?aeoiaeao aei ae??oaiiy ye
iaoiaeieia?/ieo, oae ? i?aeoe/ieo aniaeo?a noaiiaeaiiy oe??? noa?e
aa?ii?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno. Ana oea aeiaaa? nenoaiiino? a i?aeoiae? aei
aea/aiiy i?iaeaie ? i?aeoaa?aeaeo? aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Oaia
aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiaeeoue aei ieaio iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o c i?iaeaie
“?ic?iaea ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e c i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy
ae?iaie/iai iioaioe?aeo n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ia iniia?
ia?aoai?aiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? oa oi?i ainiiaea?thaaiiy”
(?a?no?aoe?eiee iiia? 0194U023285), yea aeine?aeaeo?oueny a
Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i.A.A.Aeieo/a?aa ia
caiiaeaiiy I?i?noa?noaa aa?ii?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno Oe?a?ie.

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iaa?oiooaaiiy
iai?yi?a i?aeaeuaiiy ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa a iaaeao ie?aieo eaiie
ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? ? ?ic?iaea
iaoai?cio oaeineiiaeaiiy i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei i?ae
aa?a?ieie ? ia?a?iaieie i?aei?e?inoaaie aaeoc?. O a?aeiia?aeiino? aei
iinoaaeaii? iaoe a ?iaio? ae??ooaaeeny oae? oai?aoe/i? ? i?aeoe/i?
caaaeaiiy:

– aea/aiiy oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo, ??ai?a ?ioaineaiino? e aoaeoeaiino?
ae?iaieoeoaa, ia?a?iaee oa niiaeeaaiiy ie?eii? ne?iaeie, aieeao
oaeoi??a, ui ?o iaoiiaeththoue, ia caaaeueiiaea?aeaaiiio oa
?aa?iiaeueiiio ??aiyo;

– iaa?oiooaaiiy oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo i?eioeei?a aeieia?/ii
i???ioiaaii? ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa ie?eii? ne?iaeie a oiiaao
iaiaaeaiiai ?ano?niiai caaacia/aiiy;

– ?ic?iaea eiioeaiooaeueieo iniia ? iaa?oiooaaiiy iai?yi?a caeo/aiiy
iniiaieo oaoiiaaiieo oaeoi??a ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy
niiyoieeo a ??cieo ciiao Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?;

– ii?aoethaaiiy iaoai?cio i?aai?caoe?? nenoai aa?oeeaeueii? ae?iaie/i?
?ioaa?aoe?? ?eieiaiai oeio a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen? ?aa?iio ?
oaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie aeiiii?/ieo ca’yce?a i?ae ae?iaieeaie ne?iaeie oa
ie?eiiaeno?aeoe?eieie caaiaeaie;

– ?ic?iaea ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e c oaeineiiaeaiiy i?aei?e?iieoeueei?
ae?yeueiino? a aaeoc? ia iniia? iiaoaeiae i?iaeoieo noai ia?eaoeiao
i?iaeoeoe??.

I?aaeiao ? ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i?, iaoiaee/i? oa i?eeeaaei? aniaeoe noaiiaeaiiy
aoaeoeaiiai iaoai?cio ainiiaea?thaaiiy a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio
i?aeeiiieaen? Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? a oiiaao ?icaeoeo ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei.
Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiue – n?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? i?aei?e?inoaa–ae?iaieee
ie?eii? ne?iaeie, ye? ?icaeaathoueny ca ??cieo oi?i aeaniino? ?
ainiiaea?thaaiiy, ie?eiiaeno?aeoe?ei? caaiaee, ia?a?iai? i?aei?e?inoaa
ainiiaea?noa.

?ioi?iaoe?eiith aacith aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee aeai?
ia?aeiiiai aooaaeoa?nueeiai iae?eo, ??/i? ca?oe
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ? ia?a?iaieo i?aei?e?inoa, noaoenoe/ia
ca?oi?noue ?aeiiiiai, iaeaniiai, aea?aeaaiiai ??ai?a, niaoe?aeueia
iaoeiaa oa aeia?aeeiaa e?oa?aoo?a.

Iaoiaeieia?y ? iaoiaeeea aeine?aeaeaiue. Oai?aoe/ia oa iaoiaeieia?/ia
iniiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy – ae?aeaeoe/iee iaoiae i?ciaiiy, yeei
?ice?eaa?oueny ae?y aeiiii?/ieo caeii?a, ? nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae aei
aea/aiiy noo? aeiiii?/ieo yaeu ? i?ioean?a. I?e ?ic?iaoe? iniiaieo
iieiaeaiue aeena?oaoe?? aeei?enoiaoaaeeny iaoeia? ?ic?iaee a?o/eciyieo
oa ?iicaiieo a/aieo c i?iaeai ?ioaineo?eaoe?? aa?ii?iieneiaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa ? oi?ioaaiiy ?eie?a i?iaeiaieuenoaa, a oaeiae caeiiiaeaa/?
oa ii?iaoeai? aeoe. A caeaaeiino? a?ae ni?yiiaaiino? ae??ooaaieo
caaaeaiue aeei?enoiaoaaeeny ye o?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee aeiiii?/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue (noaoenoe/ieo a?oioaaiue, ii?iaoeaiee, ?iaeaeniee,
aano?aeoii-eia?/i?e, iiiia?ao?/i?e, ?ic?aooieiai-eiino?oeoeaiee,
ei?aeyoe?eii-?aa?an?eiiai iiaeaethaaiiy), oae ? no/ani?
aeiiii?ei-iaoaiaoe/i? i?eeiie aeei?enoaiiy IAII ? noaiaea?oieo
i?eeeaaeieo iaeao?a i?ia?ai.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiue iieyaa? o ?ic?iaoe?
oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo ieoaiue ? i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei
?ioaineaiiai ?icaeoeo ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa, a oaeiae o
eiiieaeniiio aeine?aeaeaii? aieeao i?e?iaeii-aeieia?/ieo,
i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/ieo ? ia?eaoeiaiaeo oaeoi??a, ye? eiai
oi?iothoue, ia aoaeoeai?noue ainiiaea?thaaiiy a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei
?eieo. Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny oae? iniiai? iieiaeaiiy:

– iniiai? oai?aoe/i?, iaoiaee/i? ? i?aeoe/i? i?aeoiaee aei caaacia/aiiy
aeieia?/ii i???ioiaaii? ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa;

– aeieia?/ii aacia/ia ?ioaineaia oaoiieia?y ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy
niiyoieeo ? i?aai?caoe?eiee iaoai?ci ?? aoaeoeaiiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a
no/anieo oiiaao ainiiaea?thaaiiy;

– ?ic?aoiaai? ia iniia? oaeineiiaeaieo iioei?caoe?eieo iiaeaeae
e?euee?ni? iieacieee ae?? iniiaieo oaoiiaaiieo oaeoi??a ?ioaineo?eaoe??
ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy niiyoieeo aeey eiie?aoieo a?oioiai-ee?iaoe/ieo oiia
ie?aieo cii Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?;

– i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiaiai iaoai?cio
aa?oeeaeueieo ae?iaie/eo ca’yce?a o aaeoc? ? nenoaia aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiiai
?iciiae?eo e?ioeaaeo ?acoeueoao?a ainiiaea?thaaiiy i?ae
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie i?aei?e?inoaaie oa ie?eiiaeno?aeoe?eieie
caaiaeaie;

– aeueoa?iaoeai? noaie ia?eaoeiao ie?eii? ne?iaeie oa i?iaeoeo?a
ia?a?iaee ? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei aeioe?eueiino? ?o aeei?enoaiiy a
eiie?aoieo oiiaao ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy. Iaa?oioiaai? a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? caoiaee i?e ?o
i?aeoe/iiio aeei?enoaii? aeiiiiiaeooue o oi?ioaaii? i?ioecao?aoiiai (ia
iaeeieoeth ae?iaeaii? i?iaeoeoe??) iaoai?cio ainiiaea?thaaiiy a
ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen? AIE Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? ? Oe?a?ie a
oe?eiio, ui ni?eyoeia ca?eueoaiith ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa ? ia?a?iaee
ie?eii? ne?iaeie, cieaeaiith nia?aa?oino? i?iaeoeoe??, i?aeaeuaiith
ye?nieo iieaciee?a ? caiia?aaiith iai?iaeoeoeaieo ao?ao ia an?o noaae?yo
oaoiieia?/iiai oeeeeo.

Ia?ao?ae aei cai?iiiiiaaieo i?eioeei?a aeieia?/ii c??aiiaaaeaiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa niiyoieeo, ye? ia?aaeaa/athoue iaeneiaeueii iiaeeeao cai?io
o?i?ei-oaoiiaaiieo oaeoi??a ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ia a?ieia?/i? (i?aai?/i?) oa
aa?ioaoi?/i?, noai?eoue ?aaeuei? iiaeeeaino? aeey ?icoe?aiiai
a?aeoai?aiiy ?iaeth/ino? a?oio?a ? caa?aaeaiiy caei?ia’y ethaeae.

Aeieia?/ii i???ioiaai? oaoiieia?/i? ??oaiiy ia iio?aaothoue cia/ieo
eai?oaeueieo aeeaaeaiue, aacothoueny ia aaea ?nioth/?e ?ano?ni?e aac?,
aeeth/ath/e ??aaiue i?ioan?eii? i?aeaioiaee i?aoe?aiee?a.

?ic?aoiaai? aaoi?ii iieacieee iaoo?aeueieo, aa?o?nieo oa aia?aaoe/ieo
cao?ao ia ae?iaieoeoai ? ia?a?iaeo niiyoieeo iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai?
ye ii?iaoeai? i?e neeaaeaii? a?cian-ieai?a ia?aeiieo i?ae?icae?e?a o
?ineeiieoeoa? ? i?e i?aai?caoe?? aioo??oiueiainiiaea?nueei? ia?a?iaee, a
oaeineiiaeai? iioei?caoe?ei? iiaeae? i?eaeaoi? aeey aeei?enoaiiy o
noaiaea?oieo i?eeeaaeieo iaeaoao i?ia?aiiiai caaacia/aiiy
aaoiiaoeciaaieo ?iai/eo i?noeue oao?aoe?a.

Cai?iiiiiaai? iaoiaeieia?/i? i?aeoiaee ? iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??
ni?eyoeiooue noai?aiith ia?eaoeiaiai? nenoaie ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa, oi?ioaaiith eiieo?aioicaeaoieo ainiiaea?nueeeo noa’?eo?a
?eieo.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iaoeia? ?acoeueoaoe, ye? iaaiaeyoueny a
aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio?, io?eiai? aaoi?ii iniaenoi. I?iaaaeaii eiiieaenia
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai ?icaeoeo ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno AIE ia
?aa?iiaeueiiio ??ai?, iaa?oioiaaii iai?yie ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa
? ia?a?iaee ie?eii? ne?iaeie i?e cieaeaii? nia?aa?oino? iaeeieoe?
i?iaeoeoe?? ? iie?ioaii? ?? ye?nieo iieaciee?a. Cai?iiiiiaaii
aeueoa?iaoeai? noaie ia?eaoeiao ie?eiiaee?iai? i?iaeoeoe?? ? ?ic?iaeaii
iaoai?ci oaeineiiaeaiiy ?ioaa?aoe?eieo ca’yce?a i?ae ae?iaieeaie
ne?iaeie ? e?oiieie ia?a?iaieie i?aei?e?inoaaie aaeoc?.

Ai?iaaoe?y aeena?oaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeiiia?aeaeeny ?
iaea?aeaee iiceoeaio ioe?ieo ia i?aenoieiaeo iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo
i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo, iaoeiaeo ni?a?ia?oiee?a,
ani??aio?a Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?i.A.A.Aeieo/a?aa a 1996-1998 ??.

Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ciaeoee
a?aeia?aaeaiiy o oanoe iioae?eiaaieo iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo caaaeueiei ianyaii
2.1 oi.-ae?oe.a?e.

Ianya ? no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe. ?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia 151
noi??ioe? eiii’thoa?iiai oaenoo, ?ethno?iaaia 32 oaaeeoeyie oa 13
?enoieaie, i?noeoue 7 aeiaeaoe?a ? nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae a
e?eueeino? 228 iaeiaioaaiue.

No?oeoo?a ?iaioe.

Anooi.

?icae?e 1. ?ioaineo?eaoe?y ae?iaieoeoaa – iniiaa ?icoe?aiiai
a?aeoai?aiiy a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen? AIE. 1.1.No?oeoo?i?
c?ooaiiy o ae?iaieoeoa? ? niiaeeaaii? ie?eiiaee?iai? i?iaeoeoe?? o na?o?
oa a Oe?a?i?. 1.2.Ia’?eoeaia iaiao?aei?noue ?ioaineo?eaoe?? a
ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen? AIE. 1.3.Oai?aoe/i? ? iaoiaeieia?/i?
iniiae ?ioaineaiiai ?icaeoeo aa?ii?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa.

?icae?e 2. Aiae?c ?icaeoeo ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno AIE
Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?. 2.1.Aoaeoeai?noue oa ?ioaineai?noue ae?iaieoeoaa
ian?iiy niiyoieeo. 2.2.?aae?caoe?y ian?iiy niiyoieeo a oiiaao
noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei. 2.3.Aoaeoeai?noue ooieoe?iioaaiiy
ie?eiiia?a?iaieo i?aei?e?inoa.

?icae?e 3. ?ioaineo?eaoe?y ae?iaieoeoaa a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio
i?aeeiiieaen? AIE a oiiaao iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai i?ia?ano ? ?icaeoeo
?eieiaeo a?aeiinei. 3.1.Oaeoi?e ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy
niiyoieeo. 3.1.1.Iiaeeaeaiiy ?aa?iiaeueii? niaoe?ae?caoe??.
3.1.2.Naeaeoe?eii-ian?iieoeuee? aniaeoe. 3.1.3.Aa?ioaoi?/i? caoiaee.
3.2.Oaeineiiaeaiiy i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino?. 3.3.Oi?ioaaiiy
?ioaa?aoe?eieo ia’?aeiaiue ?eieiaiai oeio i?ae
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie ? ia?a?iaieie i?aei?e?inoaaie.

Aeniiaee.

Nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae.

Aeiaeaoee.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? ia??oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue oaie, oi?ioeththoueny caaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aecia/athoueny eiai i?aaeiao, ia’?eoe, iaoiaeieia?/ia
iniiaa oa iaoiaee, a?aeia?aaeathoueny iaoeiaa iiaecia oa i?aeoe/ia
oe?ii?noue aeine?aeaeaiue, ai?iaaoe?y oa ?aae?caoe?y ?o ?acoeueoao?a.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “?ioaineo?eaoe?y ae?iaieoeoaa – iniiaa ?icoe?aiiai
a?aeoai?aiiy a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen? AIE“ ?icaeyaeathoueny
oai?aoe/i? ieoaiiy ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa a aa?ii?iieneiaiio
eiiieaen? acaaae? ? a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen? cie?aia,
iaa?oioiaothoueny eiioeaiooaeuei? iniiae eiai ?icaeoeo oa iaoiaeieia?/i?
i?eioeeie aiae?co e ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? a oiiaao
noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiaiai iaoai?cio ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

I?iaeaia aecia/aiiy aeiiii?/ii? nooiino? ?ioaineo?eaoe?? aa?a?iiai
ae?iaieoeoaa inoaoi/ii ua ia ae??oaia ? iino?eii aeeneooo?oueny a
e?oa?aoo??. Aei iaaeaaiueiai /ano a?eueo?noue a?o/eciyieo
aeiiii?no?a-aa?a?iee?a aoee noeeuei? ?ice?eaaoe iiiyooy ?ioaineaiino?
a?aeiia?aeii aei a/aiiy i?i ?ioaineaiee oa aenoaineaiee oeie
a?aeoai?aiiy, o?aeooth/e ?ioaineo?eaoe?th ye ?icaeoie ae?iaieoeoaa
caeaaeii a?ae ??aiy eiioeaio?aoe?? eai?oaeo ia iaeeieoeth caiaeueii?
ieiu?. I?ioa c iiceoe?e no/aniiai ?icaeoeo n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa
oaea aecia/aiiy ? iaiiaiei. sse ia?aeiiothoue /eneaii? aeai?, a
?icaeiooeo e?a?iao Caoiaeo i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aa?a?iiai
ae?iaieoeoaa ia??aeei a?aeaoaa?oueny i?e a?aeiiniiio cieaeaii? ??aiy
ae?iaie/eo cao?ao. C oeeo iiceoe?e aei?aaaeaii ?icaeyaeaoe
?ioaineai?noue c o?aooaaiiyi ia eeoa ?ici??o aeiaeaoeiaeo iaoa??aeueieo
aeeaaeaiue, a e ?acoeueoao?a ainiiaea?thaaiiy ? ia oe?e iniia?
aeiiaaaoeny caaacia/aiiy aeia?aaeaeath/eo oaii?a c?inoaiiy ianya?a
ae?iaieoeoaa i?iaeoeoe?? c 1 aa caiaeueii? ieiu? c iaeii/aniei
i?aeaeuaiiyi aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy aaainiaaiiai eai?oaeo.

?niothoue ??ci? oeyoe ?ica’ycaiiy i?iaeaie ?ioaineaiiai ?icaeoeo
ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno AIE. A caeaaeiino? a?ae ca’yceo c
i?iaeoeoeaieie neeaie ? ae?iaie/eie a?aeiineiaie ?o iiaeia oiiaii
iiae?eeoe ia iaoeiai-oaoi?/i? ? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?. Iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?
oeyoe iaoiiaeththoueny ?icaeoeii iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai i?ia?ano,
oaeineiiaeaiiyi oaoi?ee ? oaoiieia?e, ?icoe?aiei ai?iaaaeaeaiiyi
?acoeueoao?a ia?aaeiaiai aeina?aeo o ae?iaieoeoai, a
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? – o ae??oaeuei?e i??? iie?auaiiyi i?aai?caoe?? oa
oi?aae?iiy ae?iaieoeoaii ia eiaei?e oaoiieia?/i?e noaae??, a?eueo
aeineiiaeith eii?aeeiaoe??th ae?yeueiino? on?o eaiie aaeoc? a iaaeao
?aeeii? ae?iaie/i? nenoaie. Naia eiiieaeni?noue, eiee an? aniaeoe
ia?aoai?aiue ?icaeyaeathoueny ye iaeia oe?ea ? eiaeia neeaaeiaa aeeiio?
i?eoaiaiio ?e ooieoe?th, iiaeiia iaoiiaethaaoe ii?iaeueia ?aaoeueiaaia
i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai
i?aeeiiieaeno a no/anieo oiiaao.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “ Aiae?c ?icaeoeo ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno
AIE Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?” ?icaeyiooi aeeiai?eo aoaeoeaiino? ae?iaieoeoaa
oa ia?a?iaee ie?eii? ne?iaeie a ?aa?ii? ? c?iaeaii ioe?ieo ??aiy
aeei?enoaiiy iniiaieo oaeoi??a ?ioaineo?eaoe??.

Eiiieaeniee aiae?c iieaciee?a ae?iaieoeoaa ie?eiiaee?iai? i?iaeoeoe?? ca
1966-1997 ??. aeyaea iaaeie?ee oa iaaeei?enoai? ?aca?ae ? cana?ae/ea, ui
ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaee i?aeeiiieaen Oe?a?ie ? Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? aaea
o?eaaeee /an ia?aaoaa? ia aeineoue iecueeiio ??ai? uiaei aoaeoeaiino?
ae?iaieoeoaa ? ia?a?iaee ie?eii? ne?iaeie, noaio iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ii?
aace ie?aieo neeaaeiaeo oaoiieia?/iiai oeeeeo, ?icaeoeo ?io?ano?oeoo?e.

Ca aeaieie oaae.1, o 90- ?ieao ae?iaieoeoai niiyoieeo (iniiaii? ie?eii?
eoeueoo?e a Oe?a?i?) ? niiyoieeiai? ie?? caciaei ?noioieo ci?i: iin?ai?
ieiu? eoeueoo?e cia/ii c?inee, a ?? o?iaeaei?noue oa ianyae ia?a?iaee
ie?eii? ne?iaeie ciaioeeeny, ui na?ae/eoue i?i ia?aaaaeaiiy aenoaineaieo
oaiaeaioe?e o ?icaeoeo ae?iaieoeoaa a aaeoc?. Aein? ia aaeaeiny aeinyaoe
iioeiaeueieo iieaciee?a niiaeeaaiiy ie?? ia aeooo ianaeaiiy (13.4 ea ca
ii?iith).

Nenoaiia aeine?aeaeaiiy oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai
i?aeeiiieaeno na?ae/eoue, ui ia?oiiniiaith eiai iano?eeiai ?icaeoeo ?
caiaiaaeo ? ia aa?iaeieia?/i?, a oaoiieia?/i? e
i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? oaeoi?e, ye? aeyaeeeny iaaeinoaoiuei aio/eeie
aeey i?enoinoaaiiy aei i?ieeaeo oiia ainiiaea?thaaiiy a ?eieiaiio
na?aaeiaeu?. Ca anth ?noi??th naiai ?nioaaiiy ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaee
i?aeeiiieaen oae ? ia noaa ?aeeiith iiooaeiith nenoaiith. Aeiiii?/i?
a?aeiineie a iueiio caeeoathoueny ae?ae iaaeineiiaeeie. Ae?iaieee
ne?iaeie ? ia?a?iai? i?aei?e?inoaa i?aoethaaee ? i?aoeththoue
iiiaeeioe?, ?o iaoa??aeuei? ?ioa?ane ia ia’?aeiothoueny ia e?ioeaaeo
?acoeueoaoao. A oae?e neooaoe?? eiaeia eaiea aaeoc? ooieoe?iio? o nai?e
aeani?e nenoai? aeiiii?/ieo eii?aeeiao, ui a i?aenoieo i?ecaiaeeoue aei
iaocaiaeaeaiino? i?ae ie?aieie noaae?yie ?aeeiiai oaoiieia?/iiai
eaioethaa, aei aeieeiaiiy o ae?iaie/eo ca’yceao ??cieo “noee?a” ? ye
iane?aeie – aei cia/ieo iai?iaeoeoeaieo ao?ao ne?iaeie ? i?iaeoeo?a
ia?a?iaee, iia??oaiiy ?o ye?nieo iieaciee?a oiui. E?euee?ni? ao?aoe
ian?iiy niiyoieeo a Oe?a?i? ia noaae?yo ae?iaieoeoaa, caa??aaiiy ?
o?ainii?ooaaiiy ia?aaeuothoue 27% a?ieia?/iiai o?iaeath, yeee, aei ?a/?,
? oae ? aeiaie? iecueeei.

Oaaeeoey 1

Iieacieee ooieoe?iioaaiiy ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai (ii niiyoieeo)
i?aeeiiieaeno AIE (a na?aaeiueiio ca ??e)

Iieacieee1966-1970??.
1971-1975??.1976-1980??.1981-1985??.1986-1990??.1991-1995??.1996?.1997?.
Iin?aia ieiua1, oen.aa17262

1311716

1371694

1401566

1341574

1341716

1432025

1642001

176Aaeiaee ca??, oen.oe28301

225327119

227224223

187721902

210826027

249721887

224621236

203623084

2339O?iaeaei?noue, oe/aa16.4

17.215.8

16.514.3

13.414.0

15.816.5

18.612.8

15.710.5

12.411.5

13.3Ae?iaieoeoai ie??, oen.oe9973

98010214

8569229

8129063

81910078

8007991

6646860

6437400

770Niiaeeaaiiy ie?? ia aeooo ianaeaiiy, ea7.4

7.68.5

8.810.0

10.310.6

11.011.4

11.89.7

10.28.6

9.18.6

9.2Aeo?ae ie?? i?e ae?iaieoeoa?,%:

i?aniaei iaoiaeii42.242.743.941.640.740.5–aeno?aeoe?eiei
iaoiaeii44.946.247.644.644.844.4–1 o 1991-1997 ??. – c?a?aia ieiua; 2 a
/enaeueieeo – Oe?a?ia, a ciaiaiieeo – Oa?e?anueea iaeanoue.Aeoaea /anoi
caeo/aiiy iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ieo cania?a ?ioaineo?eaoe??
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa cae?enithaaeiny aac
aeinoaoiueiai o?aooaaiiy i?e?iaeii-aeieia?/ieo, a oei a?eueoa
i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/ieo oiia ?aa?ii?a ? ie?aieo i?aei?e?inoa. Ca
ia??iae 1971-1990 ??. a Oa?e?anuee?e iaeano? i?e ca?eueoaii? o 2.2 ?ace
aia?aiica?i?iino? i?aoe? a n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa? ? o 2.4 ?ace
ianya?a aianaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea (ca ae?th/ith ?a/iaeiith)
o?iaeaei?noue niiyoieeo iaeaea ia ci?ieeany ? eeoa o 1985-1990 ??.
c?inea ia 12.0% (oaae.2).

Aieiai? i?e/eie cacia/aieo aeeni?iii?oe?e e?ethoueny o aacnenoaiiino? ?
iaocaiaeaeaiino? caoiae?a, ye? cae?enithaaeeny aac iaeaaeiiai iaoeiaiai
iaa?oiooaaiiy. Ia?aaaaeii o?i?ei-oaoiiaaiiee i?aeo?ae aei
?ioaineo?eaoe?? n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa i?eca?a aei oiai, ui
ae?iaieoeoai eiaeii? aeiaeaoeiai? iaeeieoe? i?iaeoeoe??
noi?iaiaeaeoaaeiny aeia?aaeaeath/ei c?inoaiiyi cao?ao
iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ieo, aia?aaoe/ieo, o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a; oea iaaaoeaii
iicia/eeiny ia nia?aa?oino? i?iaeoeoe??, ?iaeth/ino? a?oio?a,
aeieia?/i?e neooaoe??. sseui a oiiaao oeaio?ae?ciaaii? nenoaie
oi?aae?iiy aa?ii?iieneiaei eiiieaenii i?iya oeeo iaaaoeaieo yaeu ooo/ii
no?eioaaany aaei?i?no?aoeaieie aaaeaeyie, oi i?e anoaiiaeaii? ?eieiaiai
iaoai?cio ainiiaea?thaaiiy a?i iaaoa iniaeeai? aino?ioe.

Oaaeeoey 2

Oaeoi?e ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy niiyoieeo a eieaeoeaieo
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo i?aei?e?inoaao Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? (a
na?aaeiueiio ca ??e)

Iieacieee1971-1975??.1976-1980??.1981-1985??.1986-1990??.1991-1995??.199
6?.1997?.Aia?aicaaacia/ai?noue 1 aa ??ee?,
e.n.2.52.83.64.44.94.54.3Aia?aiica?i?i?noue
i?aoe?,e.n.18.021.929.539.545.240.838.4Aianaii i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea,

ea ae.?./aa43.372.493.3102.161.224.352.0A oiio /ene?: acioieo
16.728.542.740.014.310.223.9oinoi?ieo11.616.718.821.518.114.120.1eae?eie
o15.027.231.840.628.8-8.0*anoea iin?aii? ieiu?, ia yeo aiineeeny
i?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa,%49.792.292.897.661.413.022.1O?iaeaei?noue,
oe/aa16.513.415.818.615.712.413.3Naiai /ano iniiai? oiiaee
ie?eiiia?a?iaieo i?aei?e?inoa Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? noai?thaaeeny aac
iaeaaeiiai iaoeiaiai iaa?oiooaaiiy, ui i?ecaaei aei ?o iaaaaeaiiai
iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy. Iaa?oue o 1989-1990 ??., eiee a iaeano? iaea?aeoaaee
iaeneiaeuei? a?iaea? ian?iiy niiyoieeo, aeei?enoaiiy ae?iaie/eo
iiooaeiinoae ia Aia/ainueeiio ? I?eeieioiyinueeiio ie?eiiaeno?aeoe?eieo
caaiaeao ia ia?aaeuoaaei 75-80%. *a?ac oea ieoii?noue eai?oaeueieo
aeeaaeaiue a ia?a?iaio noa?o ?noioii oiia?eueithaaeany, a ae?iaieoeoai
i?iaeoeoe?? aei?iae/aei, ine?eueee ?? i?e??no ia a?aeiia?aeaa oaiiai
i?e?inoo noai?thaaieo iniiaieo oiiae?a. Ii/eiath/e ?c na?aaeeie 90-o
?ie?a, aiane?aeie nei?i/aiiy ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa niiyoieeo a ?aa?ii?,
neanoaaiiy nenoaie aea?aecaiiaeaiue ? cia/iiai ?icoe?aiiy ?aae?caoe??
ie?eii? ne?iaeie ia aenii?o caaaioaaeai?noue aeacaieo i?aei?e?inoa
noaiiaeoue iaioa iieiaeie ?o caaaeueii? oaoiieia?/ii? ni?iiiaeiino?.

?aa?iiaeueiee ?eiie ie?eiiaee?iai? i?iaeoeoe?? ?noioii aeaoi?io?oueny
iaia?eaoeiaiaith no?oeoo?ith ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno. I?e
caaaeuei?e ??/i?e iiooaeiino? ie?eiiaeno?aeoe?eieo caaiae?a Oa?e?anueei?
iaeano? 96 oen.o ie?? (8.6% caaaeueiiaea?aeaaii? iiooaeiino?) aiie ia
iathoue aeiaeii? oaoiieia?/ii? e?i?? c aeeaieiai i/euaiiy ? oanoaaiiy
i?iaeoeoe?? o c?o/io aeey niiaeeaa/a oa?o, oiio ia ?eiie iaaeoiaeeoue
ia?aaaaeii iecueeiye?niee oiaa? o iaeii?eaeaoieo aeey iueiai i?noeinoyo
– oeenoa?iao, ai/eao, a?aeiiao; aei oiai ae cia/ia /anoeia iai/euaii?
(“ne?i?”) ie?? aeaiceoueny a ?io? ?aa?iie ? iaa?oue ca iaae? Oe?a?ie,
aea i?ney i?iieneiai? aei?iaee oa ?aae?caoe?? e?ioeaaiai i?iaeoeoo ?
in?aea? iniiaia iana noai?aiiai a iaeano? /enoiai i?eaooeo.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “?ioaineo?eaoe?y ae?iaieoeoaa a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio
i?aeeiiieaen? AIE a oiiaao iaoeiai-oaoi?/iiai i?ia?ano ? ?icaeoeo
?eieiaeo a?aeiinei” ?ic?iaeaii eiioeaiooaeuei? iniiae ? eiie?aoi?
i?iiiceoe?? uiaei i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ae?iaieoeoaa, ia?a?iaee ?
?aae?caoe?? ie?eiiaee?iai? i?iaeoeoe??, oaeineiiaeaiiy ae?iaie/eo
ca’yce?a i?ae n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie ? ia?a?iaieie i?aei?e?inoaaie
?aa?iio a iiaeo oiiaao ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

Eiee oe?ie ia ?eieo aeeeoothoueny iiieoii ia i?iaeoeoe?th ? iia’ycai? c
ieaoini?iiiaei?noth ianaeaiiy, ia?aae aaeoccth noi?oue caaaeaiiy –
ae?iaeyoe i?iaeoeoe?th c iaeiaioeie cao?aoaie, onoaaoe iiieeee a
?ici?uaii? oa niaoe?ae?caoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa, no?oeoo?i?e eiia?iaoe??
oaeoi??a cao?ao oiui. A oie aea /an ooieoe?iioaaiiy ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai
i?aeeiiieaeno iiaeiii aacoaaoeny ia canaaeao, ye? a caaacia/oaaee
iaea?aeaiiy a?aeiia?aeiiai i?eaooeo a?ae ae?yeueiino?.

sse?ni? ci?ie a i?iaeoeoeaieo neeao ? ae?iaie/eo a?aeiineiao aenoaathoue
ia ia?oee ieai eiiieaen i?iaeai, iia’ycaieo c oaeineiiaeaiiyi no?oeoo?e
aaeocae AIE, iiaeeaeaiiyi ?aa?iiaeueii? niaoe?ae?caoe?? ? eiioeaio?aoe??
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa. Ia iniia? aiae?co aaaaoi??/ieo
aeaieo i?i aoaeoeai?noue ae?iaieoeoaa niiyoieeo a ??cieo
i?e?iaeii-n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ciiao Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? a
aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? iaa?oioiaothoueny i?iiiceoe?? i?i noai?aiiy cii
aa?aioiaaiiai noaa?eueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ie?eiiai ian?iiy caaaeyee
eiioeaio?aoe?? iin?aieo ieiu eoeueoo?e a iaea?eueo i?eaeaoieo aeey ??
ae?iuoaaiiy a?oioiai-ee?iaoe/ieo oiiaao. Ia i?aeoeoe? oea icia/a?
ia?ao?ae aei i?eioeei?a aa?iaeieia?/iiai oi?ioaaiiy oa?eoi??aeueii?
no?oeoo?e n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo oa?aeue ia iniia? i?eaaaeaiiy
a?ieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae eoeueoo?e o a?aeiia?aei?noue aei ?nioth/eo
aa?iaeieia?/ieo oiia ?aa?ii?a, ui aeicaieeoue aac aeiaeaoeiaeo cao?ao
ca?eueoeoe ianyae ae?iaieoeoaa aenieiye?nii? i?iaeoeoe?? ? i?aeaeueoe
aoaeoeai?noue ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

Ia no/aniiio aoai? iaeiei c iaea?eueo aeiiii?/ii aoaeoeaieo oa
aeieia?/ii aacia/ieo iai?yi?a ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy
niiyoieeo ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy naeaeoe?eii-ian?iieoeueeeo caoiae?a. A
aeena?oaoe?? ia??oioiao?oueny iaiao?aei?noue ?icoe?aii? ni?oici?ie, yea
a noene? oa?i?ie aeicaieeoue ia 10-20% i?aeaeueoe i?iaeoeoeai?noue
iin?a?a eoeueoo?e. I?e oeueiio aeoeaioo?oueny oaaaa ia iaiao?aeiino?
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o ae?iaieoeoai no/anieo aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo ?ioaineaieo
a?a?eae?a naia a?o/eciyiiai iioiaeaeaiiy (cie?aia naeaeoe?? ?inoeoooo
?ineeiieoeoaa ?i.A.ss.TH?’?aa, i.Oa?e?a), ye? ia’?eoeaii ca aaaaoueia
iciaeaie (o?iaeaei?noue, ie?ei?noue, ?ioi?oao aei i?noeaaeo ?an
oe?aeiee?a ? caoaeiee?a oai?ia, cia/ii iaioa aa?o?noue) ? e?aueie ca
?iii?oi? aiaeiae. Iaeii/anii i?iiiio?oueny iaoai?ci oaeineiiaeaiiy
nenoaie i?iieneiaiai ia–n?iieoeoaa a?a?eae?a a iai?yi? noai?aiiy
no/aniiai i?aei?e?inoaa c i?neycae?aeueii? aei?iaee oa aeiaaaeaiiy
ian?ii?aiai iaoa??aeo aei aenieeo niiaeea/eo eiiaeeoe?e.

A oiiaao iaiaaeaiiai ?ano?niiai caaacia/aiiy n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa aeieea? iaaaeueia iaiao?aei?noue ?ic?iaee i?aeoe/ieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei ioe?iee ?acoeueoaoeaiino? canoinoaaiiy oaeiai
caniao ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ?ineeiieoeoaa, ye i?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa. Naia ooo
aeoaea ?aeue?oii aeyaey?oueny ae?y caeii?a niaaeath/i? aeioiaeiino? ?
a?aie/iiai (ia?aeeiaeueiiai) i?e?iuaiiy: iaeneiaeueia aeiiii?/ia
aoaeoeai?noue a?ae aeiaeaoeiaiai aianaiiy aeia?ea ianoa? ?ai?oa ca
iaeneiaeueio oaoiieia?/io aoaeoeai?noue. C o?aooaaiiyi oeeo /eiiee?a a
aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiae?a iaoaiaoe/iiai
iiaeaethaaiiy aecia/athoueny iniiai? ia?aiao?e canoinoaaiiy aeia?ea i?ae
iin?ae niiyoieeo a caeaaeiino? a?ae eiie?aoieo a?oioiai-ee?iaoe/ieo oiia
ae?iuoaaiiy. Ca e?eoa??e iioeiaeueiino? aoei i?eeiyoi iaeneiaeueiee
i?eaooie c 1 aa iin?aii? ieiu? eoeueoo?e i?e ci?i? cao?ao, iia’ycaieo c
aeiaeaoeiaei i?eaeaaiiyi ? aianaiiyi aeia?ea o a?oio. Aacith aeaieo
a?aeiia?aeieo ?ic?aooie?a aoee ?acoeueoaoe iieueiaeo aeine?ae?a c
aeia?eaaie ?inoeoooo a?oioiciaanoaa oa aa?io?i?? OAAI
?i.I.I.Nieieianueeiai ca 1966-1997 ??. o ??cieo
i?e?iaeii-n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ciiao Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?, a oaeiae
iieacieee ae?iaieoeoaa niiyoieeo a 1997 ?.: iin?ai? ieiu?, cao?aoe ia 1
aa, oe?ie ?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoeoe??, caeoi?aaeuei? oe?ie ? aa?o?noue
aianaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea. ?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooie?a iaaaaeai? o oaae.
3.

Oaaeeoey 3

Iioei?ciaai? aeice aeia?ea aeey niiyoieeo a Oa?e?anuee?e iaeano?

I?e?iaeii-n?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? ciieIin?aia ieiua, oen.
aa?ic?aooieiaa o?iaeaei?noue, oe/aaAeice aeia?ea,

ea ae.?./aa?ic?aooieiaa

iana i?eaooeo, oen. a?i.I?eaooie ia 1 aa iin?ao, a?i.NP2O5K2OE?ninoaiiaa
69.822.834.246.751.010815.3154.95Noaiiaa
no?aeia47.624.848.659.549.99550.7200.64Noaiiaa
i?aaeaiia58.125.641.661.446.513729.3236.30A
na?aaeiueiio175.524.441.555.949.534095.3194.28

Canoinoaaiiy aeia?ea a iioeiaeueieo aeicao aeicaieeoue caaacia/eoe ?o
iaeneiaeueio aeiiii?/io aoaeoeai?noue ? noai?eoe ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey
?icoe?aiiai a?aeoai?aiiy ?iaeth/ino? a?oioo.

Cia/i? ?aca?ae i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?ineeiieoeoaa iathoue no/ani?
aa??aioe ?ioaineaieo ?ano?nicaa??aath/eo oaoiieia?e. A aeena?oaoe??
anaa?/ii iaa?oioiao?oueny aeieia?/ii i???ioiaaia oaoiieia?y ae?iaieoeoaa
niiyoieeo, iniiaieie aeaiaioaie yei? ?: ciiaeueia ??oioicaoenia nenoaia
ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, yea aaco?oueny ia i?eioeei? i?i?iaeueii? aeinoaoiino?
a canoinoaaii? oaoiieia?/ieo iia?aoe?e ? aeiionoeiiai ??aiy cai?ie
iniiaiiai iieeoeaaiai ia?ia?oeo ieinei??ciei aai /ecaeueiei;
canoinoaaiiy aa?ioaoi?/ieo cania?a ai?ioueae c ao?’yiaie cai?noue
o?i?/ieo; iioei?caoe?y aeic aeia?ea a caeaaeiino? a?ae eiie?aoieo
a?oioiai-ee?iaoe/ieo oiia ae?iaieoeoaa ? iayaiino? iiaeeaieo ?a/iaei o
a?oio?; ia?ao?ae ia i?aaii-i?ia?aeueio nenoaio oaeia?aiiy. Canoinoaaiiy
i?iiiiiaaii? oaoiieia?? aeicaieeoue aeiaeaoeiai iaea?aeoaaoe 70-75 a?i.
i?eaooeo c 1 aa iin?aii? ieiu? ? ia 3.5-4.0% ciaioeoe aeo?aoe noeoiii?
aia?a??(oaae. 4).

Aiae?c aoaeoeaiino? ae?iaieoeoaa niiyoieeo ii eaoaai??yo ainiiaea?noa
na?ae/eoue, ui iniiaieie ae?iaieeaie oiaa?iiai ian?iiy iiaeii?
caeeoaoeny e?oii? eieaeoeai? n?eueainii?aei?e?inoaa. Aiie iathoue
aeinoaoi?e caiaeueiee iioaioe?ae (ui iniaeeai aaaeeeai aeey niiyoieeo,
yeee aeiaaa? noai?iai aeio?eiaiiy ia??iaee/iino? iiaa?iaiiy ia iaeia ?
oa ae i?noea ae?iuoaaiiy), iiooaeio iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/io aaco,
aenieieaae?o?eiaai? eaae?e, ui aeicaiey? aanoe ae?iaieoeoai c
iaeneiaeueiith aoaeoeai?noth i?e i?i?iaeueieo cao?aoao aeeai? oa
o?a/aaeaii? i?aoe?.

A oiiaao e?aa?ae?caoe?? oi?aiaaeueieo a?aeiinei ? caaino?aiiy
eiieo?aioe?? ia iaio aeooaeueiith, i?ae i?iaeaia ae?iaieoeoaa
i?iaeoeoe??, ? i?iaeaia ?? aea?aeii? ?aae?caoe??. Nueiaiaei?, eiee
aea?aeaaa a?ae?eoea a?ae aeeiiaiiy ?aaoethth/eo ooieoe?e o aaeoc?, i?e
iaeaea iiai?e a?aenooiino? iiaeo ae?eiaeo iaoai?ci?a ?aaeueiiai aieeao
ia ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? n?euenuee? oiaa?iae?iaieee
caeeoathoueny i?aeoe/ii aac i???ioe??a uiaei aea?aeieo eaiae?a
?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoeoe??, ?aaeueieo oe?i ia ia? ? oiio aeoaea /anoi ia
caeaoi? aoaeoeaii ieaioaaoe naith iioi/io ? ia?niaeoeaio ae?yeuei?noue.
Aeiaaeeia?, /anoi aeiooai? eiia?oe?ei? oaiaee ia caaaeaee caaacia/othoue
iaeaaeio i?eaooeia?noue, ui ?iiae? noa? ia ia?aoeiae? ca?eueoaiith
ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa i?iaeoeoe??. C iaeyaeo ia oea aoa i?iaaaeaiee
aiae?c aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? iaea?eueo iioe?aieo eaiae?a
ia?a?iciiae?eo ian?iiy niiyoieeo ? ?ic?iaeai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
aeioe?eueiino? ?o aeei?enoaiiy o iaeaooiueiio.

C o?aooaaiiyi oaiaeaioe?e ?icoe?aiiy ianya?a aioo??oiueiainiiaea?nueei?
ia?a?iaee ian?iiy niiyoieeo ia i?noeyo, aoee aeeiiai? ?ic?aooiee
nia?aa?oino? ae?iaieoeoaa ie?? ia /ioe?ueio iiaeeo?eaoe?yo no/aniiai
ie?eiiia?a?iaiiai iaeaaeiaiiy iaei? iiooaeiino?, a oaeiae c?iaeaii
i?iaiic ia?niaeoea ooieoe?iioaaiiy ie?eieoeue a ?eieiaeo oiiaao
ainiiaea?thaaiiy. Nia?aa?o?noue ia?a?iaee 1 o niiyoieeo ia ia?oeo o?ueio
aeine?aeaeoaaieo iiaeeo?eaoe?yo iaeaaeiaiiy ciaoiaeeoueny ia ??ai? 53-69
a?i., ui a?aeiia?aea? ??aith ia?a?iaieo i?aei?e?inoa Cae?eoiai
aeoe?iia?iiai oiaa?enoaa “Oe?ie?yaee?i?ii” (oaae. 5). ? ana ae
oe?ieiianooaaiee ?icaeoie ie?eieoeue ? oei/aniaei yaeuai, coiiaeaiei
iaiao?aei?noth “aeaeeaaiiy” oiaa?iae?iaiee?a a neeaaeieo oiiaao
ainiiaea?thaaiiy. Iaa?oue no/ani? iiaeeo?eaoe?? ie?eiiia?a?iaiiai
iaeaaeiaiiy iaei? iiooaeiino? ia aeicaieythoue iaea?aeoaaoe ie?th
iaeaaeiiai ??aiy yeino? c aeio?eiaiiyi on?o oaoiieia?/ieo aeiia, ui
noai?th? cia/i? ia?aiiie aeey ?? aea?aeii? ?aae?caoe?? iaa?oue ia
?aa?iiaeueiiio ?eieo.

C iiaeeaeaiiyi aa?oeeaeueieo ?ioaa?aoe?eieo ca’yce?a i?ae
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie ? e?oiieie ia?a?iaieie i?aei?e?inoaaie
ie?eieoe? a?ae?a?aaaoeiooue ?ieue i?aeniaieo ae?iaieoeoa aeey
caaeiaieaiiy aioo??oi?o iio?aa ainiiaea?noa ? ianeoaiaoaaiiy ianaeaiiy.

Na?aae aaaaoueio i?iaeai ?ioaineo?eaoe?? a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio
i?aeeiiieaen? Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? aaaeeeaith ? i?iaeaia noai?aiiy
aeineiiaei? nenoaie aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei i?ae
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie, caaio?aaeueieie, ia?a?iaieie ?
oi?aiaaeueieie i?aei?e?inoaaie. Ia?aaeiaee a?o/eciyiee aeina?ae, a
oaeiae ?icaeoie i?iaeoeoiaeo i?aeeiiieaen?a a ?icaeiaieo e?a?iao na?oo
na?ae/aoue, ui aieiaiith ia?aaeoiiaith ae??oaiiy oe??? i?iaeaie ?
eiiia?aoe?y oa aa?ii?iieneiaa ?ioaa?aoe?y ye ia’?eoeai? i?ioeane
?icaeoeo ae?iaie/eo a?aeiinei, iia’ycai? c iaiao?aei?noth i?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? ainiiaea?thaaiiy ? eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiino? i?iaeoeoe?? ia
?eieo. Oi?ioaaiiy oa oaeineiiaeaiiy ae?iaie/i-aeiiii?/ieo ca’yce?a a
ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen? iiaeii? ni?yiiaoaaoeny ia caaacia/aiiy
ni?aaaaeeeaiai ?iciiae?eo e?ioeaaeo ?acoeueoao?a ae?iaieoeoaa,
nei?i/aiiy iai?iaeoeoeaieo ao?ao ne?iaeie ? iie?ioaiiy ?? yeino? oeyoii
iioei?caoe?? ne?iaeiieo iioie?a, oaeineiiaeaiiy caaio?ae?, i?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? ia?a?iaee, noai?aiiy ia?aae? oi?aiaaeueieo caeeaae?a oiui.

Oaaeeoey 5

I?iaeoia nia?aa?o?noue ia?a?iaee ian?iiy niiyoieeo ia i?aei?e?inoaao
iaei? iiooaeiino? (aac aa?oino? ne?iaeie)

IieacieeeOe?aenii-I?ioeanAE-75/1200O?I-150IOI-1.0Iaoo?aeuei?Aa?o?ni?,

a?i.Iaoo?aeuei?Aa?o?ni?,

a?i.Iaoo?aeuei?Aa?o?ni?,

a?i.Iaoo?aeuei?Aa?o?ni?,

a?i.Cao?aoeI?aoey oa ?? iieaoa,
ethae.-aiae.36409837364098373640983718205960?iaioe oa
iineoae-2644-1932-2634-300A oiio /ene?: aaoio?ainii?o,
o-ei27396319112246867727aeaeo?iaia?a?y,
eAo-aiae2548025481820018202548025482730273Aii?oecaoe?y aoae?ae? oa
iaeaaeiaiiy-1785-2025-1710-776?aiiio aoae?ae? oa
iaeaaeiaiiy-995-1075-970659Iaeeaaei? cao?aoe-1514-1552-1502-887?io?
aeo?aoe-378-388-376-222?acii
cao?ao-17153-16809-17029-8804?acoeueoaoe??/iee ianya ia?a?iaee,
o273-319-246-77-Aeo?ae ie??, %38-37-37-38-Ae?iaeaii ie??,
o104-118-91-29-Nia?aa?o?noue:ia?a?iaee 1 o
ian?iiy-63-53-69-114ae?iaieoeoaa 1 o ie??-165-142-187-304

Noaa?eueia ?iaioa ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno ? noai?aiiy
ni?eyoeeaeo oiia aeey oi?ioaaiiy aoaeoeaieo ?ioaa?aoe?eieo ia’?aeiaiue
?eieiaiai oeio o cia/i?e i??? aoaeooue caeaaeaoe a?ae ia?aoiaeo ia
i?eioeeiiai iia? canaaee anoaiiaeaiiy ae?iaie/eo ca’yce?a i?ae
ae?iaieeaie ne?iaeie ? e?oiieie ie?eiiaeno?aeoe?eieie caaiaeaie ?aa?iio.
C iaoith caoe?eaaeaiiy o/aniee?a ?ioaa?iaaiiai oi?ioaaiiy o iie?ioaii?
ye?nieo iieaciee?a i?iaeoeoe?? (ie?eiino? ian?iiy aeey
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ? iiaiioe aeeo/aiiy ie?? aeey ia?a?iaieo
i?aei?e?inoa) ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo oeaee aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiiai
?iciiae?eo e?ioeaaeo ?acoeueoao?a ae?iaie/i? ae?yeueiino? a caeaaeiino?
a?ae aaee/eie a?aeoeeaiiy oaeoe/ieo iieaciee?a ie?eiino? ian?iiy oa
aeoiaeo ie?? a?ae aaciaeo (oaae.6).

Ii?aoeueiaaii aeaa aa??aioe ?ic?aooieo aeeoa?aioe?eiaaii? oeaee
?iciiae?eo, ye? canoiniaoaaoeiooueny a caeaaeiino? a?ae eiie?aoieo
?aa?iiaeueieo oiia ainiiaea?thaaiiy ? oi?i i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/ieo
ca’yce?a aa?oeeaeueii? ae?iaie/i? ?ioaa?aoe??.

C o?aooaaiiyi caaaeueiina?oiaeo oaiaeaioe?e ia??oioiao?oueny
iaiao?aei?noue ?icoe?aiiy eiea o/aniee?a ?ioaa?aoe?eieo oi?ioaaiue a
ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen?: ii?yae c o?aaeeoe?eieie aaeocaaeie
oaoiieia?/ieie eaieaie nthaee iiaeii? aoiaeeoe o?iainiai-e?aaeeoi?,
caaio?aaeueii-caooia?, iaoeiai-ae?iaie/?, e?ceiaia?, eiinaeoeiaia?,
no?aoia? no?oeoo?e oiui. Iiaeeaethth/e ?ioaa?aoe?ei? i?ioeane a aaeoc?,
iiaeia cia/ii nei?ioeoe iai?iaeoeoeai? ao?aoe i?iaeoeoe?? ia
i?ioiaeaeaiiy /a?ac noa?e ia?ao, o?ainii?o oiui. Noai?ththoueny iayai?
oiiae aeey a?iiey?ecaoe?? ?eieo ie?eiiaee?iai? i?iaeoeoe??, ui
aeyaey?oueny o nei?i/aii?, caaaeaii? aei i?i?ioio aoaeue-yeeo i?ii?aeieo
eaiie (iina?aaeieoeueeeo, na?a?nieo, caooiaeo), ye? nooo?ai
a?aeaeaeythoue ae?iaieea i?iaeoeoe?? a?ae ?? e?ioeaaiai niiaeeaa/a.
A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai ae?iaiee i?eeia? ??oaiiy uiaei ci?ie no?oeoo?e
? ani?oeiaioo i?iaeoeoe??, cae?enithth/e aeey oeueiai aeiaeaoeia?
aeeaaeaiiy ia oaoi?/ia ia?ainiauaiiy oiui. Oaoiieia?/ia ye?noue ne?iaeie
i?e oeueiio iaeneiaeueii i???ioo?oueny ia e?ioeaaee i?iaeoeo. Aei
ia?aaaa ?ioaa?iaaieo ia’?aeiaiue a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen?
ne?ae a?aeianoe oaeiae oa, ui noai?aia oi?ioaaiiy iicaaaey?oueny
nooi?i/anoino? a iiiaeaoeoaaii?, a ?acoeueoao? /iai cieaeo?oueny
nia?aa?o?noue i?iaeoeoe?? ? c?inoa? iana i?eaooeo.

AENIIAEE

Oaaeeoey 6

Oeaea aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiiai ?iciiae?eo e?ioeaaeo ?acoeueoao?a ae?yeueiino?
?ioaa?iaaiiai ia’?aeiaiiy a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen?,%

A?aenioie aeeo/aiiy ie??Iaioa
45.51145.51-46.5046.51-47.5047.51-48.50A?eueoa
48.50An2IiAnIiAnIiAnIiAnIiIaioa
89.180.9019.1081.3618.6481.8118.1982.2317.7782.6417.3689.1-90.080.0020.0
080.4519.5580.8919.1181.3218.6881.7218.2890.1-91.079.1120.8979.5720.4380
.0020.0080.4219.5880.8219.1891.1-92.078.2521.7578.7021.3079.1320.8779.54
20.4679.9320.07A?eueoa
92.077.4022.6077.8422.1678.2721.7378.6821.3279.0720.931 ie?ei?noue
ian?iiy, %; 2 An – ae?iaiee ne?iaeie, Ii – ia?a?iaia i?aei?e?inoai.

1. Ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaee i?aeeiiieaen AIE ia?aaoaa? o e?eciaiio noai?.
Ianoaa?euei?noue aaeiaeo cai??a ie?eii? ne?iaeie i?e ?icoe?aii? iin?aieo
ieiu ? cieaeaii? ??aiy o?iaeaeiino?, ciaioaiiy ianya?a ia?a?iaee,
cao?aoi?noue on?o neeaaeiaeo oaoiieia?/iiai oeeeeo, iacaaeia?eueia
ye?noue i?iaeoeoe??, iaaeineiiaea no?oeoo?a aenii?oo niiioeathoue aei
aaeeooy ?aaeeeaeueieo caoiae?a uiaei i?aeaeuaiiy caaaeueii? aoaeoeaiino?
ooieoe?iioaaiiy aaeoc? ? aeaaaeaiiy ?? neeaaeiaeo ia ??aaiue ?icaeoeo,
yeee a?aeiia?aeaa ae no/aniei ?eieiaei oiiaai ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

2. I?iaeaia i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai
i?aeeiiieaeno ? aaaaoiieaiiaith. Iniiaith oi?ioaaiiy i?ioecao?aoiiai (ia
iaeeieoeth ae?iaeaii? i?iaeoeoe??) eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiiai iaoai?cio
ainiiaea?thaaiiy ?eieiaiai oeio a aaeoc? ? iaoiaeieia?y eiiieaenii?
?ioaineo?eaoe??, yea iaoiiaeth?oueny ye?niei oaeineiiaeaiiyi noeoiiino?
aeiiii?/ieo, i?aai?caoe?eieo, a?ieia?/ieo, aeieia?/ieo, oaoiieia?/ieo,
nioe?aeueieo oa ?ioeo oaeoi??a ae?iaieoeoaa.

3. Ia?oi/a?aiaei caoiaeii ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy niiyoieeo
ia? aooe iiaeeaeaiiy ?aa?iiaeueii? niaoe?ae?caoe?? ia iniia?
eiioeaio?aoe?? iin?aieo ieiu eoeueoo?e a iaea?eueo ni?eyoeeaeo aeey ??
ae?iuoaaiiy oiiaao. Oae? oiiae a Oa?e?anuee?e iaeano? ia’?eoeaii
neeaaeathoueny a ?aeiiao, ?icoaoiaaieo o noaiiaeo (i?aaeaiia, no?aeia,
i?aaeaiii-no?aeia) ? /anoeiai a e?ninoaiia?e (i?ai?/ii-no?aeia) ciiao,
aea iaiao?aeii i?aeaeueoe ieoiio aaao niiyoieeo a no?oeoo?? iin?aieo
ieiu aei 11-12%. Iniiaieie ae?iaieeaie ian?iiy niiyoieeo iiaeii?
caeeoaoeny eieaeoeai? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nuee? i?aei?e?inoaa.

4. Canoinoaaiiy no/aniiai a?o/eciyiiai a?a?eaeiiai ian?ii?aiai iaoa??aeo
niiyoieeo c aenieei nooiaiai i?iieneiai? aei?iaee aeicaiey? aeiaeaoeiai
iaea?aeoaaoe 50-55 a?i. i?eaooeo c 1 aa iin?aii? ieiu?.

5. Iaa?oioiaaii ?aaeueio iiaeeea?noue oa aeiiii?/io aoaeoeai?noue
canoinoaaiiy a no/anieo oiiaao i?aaii-i?ia?aeueii? nenoaie oaeia?aiiy.
I?e ?? ai?iaaaeaeaii? aoaeoeai?noue noeoiii? ae?? i?aai?/ieo ?
i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea i?aeaeuo?oueny ia 15-20%, aeieia?/ia iaaaioaaeaiiy
ia iaaeieeoi? na?aaeiaeua iineaaeth?oueny iaeaea ia o?aoeio, a noeoii?
iaoa??aeuei? aeo?aoe ia i?eaeaaiiy ? aianaiiy aeia?ea ciaioothoueny a
na?aaeiueiio ia 20-22%.

6. Canoinoaaiiy i?iiiiiaaii? ?ioaineaii? aeieia?/ii i???ioiaaii?
oaoiieia?? ae?iaieoeoaa niiyoieeo aeicaieeoue aeiaeaoeiai iaea?aeoaaoe
70-75 a?i. i?eaooeo c 1 aa iin?aii? ieiu? ? nei?ioeoe aeo?aoe noeoiii?
aia?a?? ia 3.5-4.0%.

7. ?ioaineo?eaoe?th ia?a?iaii? eaiee ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno
AIE Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? iaiao?aeii iia’ycoaaoe ia?o ca ana c
i?aeaeuaiiyi aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy ie?eiiaeno?aeoe?eieo caaiae?a
CAO “Oe?ie?yaee?i?ii”. Aaeaiooth/enue aei eii’thieoo?e ?eieo, iaiao?aeii
iia?e?coaaoe ?iaanoeoe?eii-o?iainia? ?ano?ne aeey iniauaiiy
oaoiieia?/ieo nenoai i?aei?e?inoa iaeaaeiaiiyi aeeaieiai i/euaiiy,
?ao?iaoe??, a?ioa?ecaoe?? (aeii?iaeoaaiiy), aea?ethaaiiy, aeaciaei?aoe??
ie??, ?iceeao ?? o c?o/io aeey niiaeeaa/a aeieia?/ii aacia/io oa?o.

8. Aeey aeaaaeaiiy ae?iaie/eo ca’yce?a a ?ioaa?aoe?eieo oi?ioaaiiyo
ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiai i?aeeiiieaeno ia ye?nii iiaee ??aaiue ?icaeoeo
cai?iiiiiaaii i?eioeeiiai iiao nenoaio aca?ii?ic?aooie?a i?ae
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie ? ia?a?iaieie i?aei?e?inoaaie. Aiia
a?oioo?oueny ia noeioethaaii? iie?ioaiiy ye?nieo iieaciee?a i?iaeoeoe??
(ie?eiino? ian?iiy aeey n?eueainiae?iaiee?a ? iiaiioe aeeo/aiiy ie??
aeey ie?eii-aeno?aeoe?eieo caaiae?a) oeyoii aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiiai
?iciiae?eo e?ioeaaeo ?acoeueoao?a ae?iaieoeoaa.

9. Iaiao?aeii aeoea?coaaoe ia?eaoeiaiao ae?yeuei?noue ia an?o noaae?yo
ae?iaie/iai oeeeeo “ae?iaieoeoai ne?iaeie – ia?a?iaea – ?aae?caoe?y
aioiai? i?iaeoeoe??” c iaoith aaeaioaoe?? aei no/anieo aeiia ?eieo –
anoaiiaeaiiy aea?aeieo eaiae?a ?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoeoe?? ia
?aa?iiaeueiiio, iaoe?iiaeueiiio ? i?aeia?iaeiiio ?eieao, iiooe iaae?eieo
aeaea?ae caaacia/aiiy ae?iaie/eo iio?aa iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ieie oa
?iaanoeoe?eieie ?ano?naie.

NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO I?AOeUe

1. Ae?iaieoeoai ? ?aae?caoe?y niiyoieeo a Oa?e?anuee?e iaeano?//
Aeiiii?ea AIE.-1997.-?7.-N.76-78 (0.3 ae?oe.a?e.)

2. No?oeoo?a ae?iaieoeoaa ? niiaeeaaiiy ?ineeiieo ie?e o na?o?//
Aeiiii?ea AIE.-1997.-?11.-N.78-80 (0.3 ae?oe.a?e.)

3. I?i ae?iaieoeoai ie?? niiyoieeo a ENI//Aeiiii?ea AIE.-1998.-
?3.-N.70-72 (0.3 ae?oe.a?e.)

4. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue eiieo?aioiniiniaiiai oaaee/aiey i?iecaiaenoaa
ianeinaiyi iiaenieia/ieea e i?iaeoeoia aai ia?a?aaioee a Oe?aeia //
I?iaeaie ?aoi?ioaaiiy a?aeiinei aeaniino? oa ainiiaea?thaaiiy a
aa?ii?iieneiaiio eiiieaen?: Ca.iaoe.i?./ Oa?e.aea?ae.aa?a?.oi-o. –
Oa?e?a, 1997.-N.247-248 (?in.iia.)(0.2 ae?oe.a?e.)

5. ?ioaineo?eaoe?y ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy niiyoieeo a Oa?e?anuee?e
iaeano?//A?niee OAeAO.-1997.-?1.-N.104-110 (0.5 ae?oe.a?e.)

6. ?ano?oeoo?ecaoe?y ae?iaie/eo nenoai ie?eiiia?a?iaii? i?iieneiaino?
Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?//A?niee OAeAO.–1997.-?1.-N.113-119 (0.5 ae?oe.a?e.)

AIIOAOe??

Iao?ia A.I. Aoaeoeai?noue ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa ? ia?a?iaee
i?iaeoeoe?? a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen? AIE (ia iaoa??aeao
Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?).

Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiienii.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.07.02 – Aeiiii?ea n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ?
AIE. – Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao ?i.A.A.Aeieo/a?aa.
Oa?e?a, 1999.

Aeeeaaeaii iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe eiiieaeniiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?aoe/ieo
iniia oa i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/ieo i?iaeai ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iaieoeoaa
a ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaiio i?aeeiiieaen? AIE Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? a ?eieiaeo
oiiaao ainiiaea?thaaiiy. Iaa?oioiaaii iai?yie oi?ioaaiiy ? aoaeoeaiiai
?icaeoeo i?ioecao?aoiiai (ia iaeeieoeth ae?iaeaii? i?iaeoeoe??)
iaoai?cio ainiiaea?thaaiiy a aaeoc? ca ?aooiie oaeineiiaeaiiy
?aa?iiaeueii? niaoe?ae?caoe?? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa,
?ic?iaee iioei?caoe?eieo iiaeaeae aeei?enoaiiy iniiaieo oaeoi??a
?ioaineo?eaoe?? ae?iuoaaiiy ie?eii? ne?iaeie, ?icaeoeo eiiia?aoe?? oa
aa?ii?iieneiai? ?ioaa?aoe??, ai?iaaaeaeaiiy nenoaie ia?eaoeiao.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: ie?eiii?iaeoeoiaee i?aeeiiieaen, ?ioaineo?eaoe?y,
ye?noue, ?eiie, eiieo?aioini?iiiaei?noue, iioei?caoe?y, ?ioaa?aoe?y,
aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y, aoaeoeai?noue.

Petrov V.M. Efficiency of Intensification of Production and Processing
in Oil Producing Subcomplex of the Agro-Industrial Complex (AIC) (on the
materials of Kharkiv District).

The theses is a manuscript.

The theses is delivered for scientific degree of a Candidate of Economic
sciences, Speciality 08.07.02 – Economy of agriculture and AIC. –
Kharkiv State Agrarian V.V.Dokuchayev University. Kharkiv, 1999.

The main results of the complex investigations of theoretical base as
well as organizational and economic problems of intensification of
production of the food oil producing subcomplex of the AIC in Kharkiv
District under market relations are presented. The directions of
formations and effective development of money saving mechanism of
farming in this field have been based on, what is achieved through
ecomplishment of regional specialization of agricultural production,
working out the optimal models of use of the main intensification
factors of raising oil plant raw materials, developmant of cooperation
and agro-industrial integration, realization of market system.

Key words: food oil producing subcomplex, intensification, production
quality, competitiveness, optimization, integration, effectiveness.

Iao?ia A.I. Yooaeoeaiinoue eioaineoeeaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa e ia?a?aaioee
i?iaeoeoeee a ianeii?iaeoeoiaii iiaeeiiieaena AIE (ia iaoa?eaeao
Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe).

Aeenna?oaoeey yaeyaony ?oeiienueth.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.07.02 – Yeiiiieea naeueneiai oicyenoaa e AIE. –
Oa?ueeianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue aa?a?iue oieaa?neoao ei. A.A.Aeieo/aaaa.
Oa?ueeia, 1999.

Eceiaeaiu iniiaiua ?acoeueoaou eiiieaeniiai enneaaeiaaiey oai?aoe/aneeo
iniia e i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneeo i?iaeai eioaineoeeaoeee
i?iecaiaenoaa a ianeii?iaeoeoiaii iiaeeiiieaena AIE Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe
a ?uii/iuo oneiaeyo oicyenoaiaaiey. Iainiiaaiu iai?aaeaiey oi?ie?iaaiey
e yooaeoeaiiai ?acaeoey i?ioeaicao?aoiiai (ia aaeeieoeo i?iecaaaeaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee) iaoaiecia oicyenoaiaaiey a io?anee ca n/ao
niaa?oainoaiaaiey ?aaeiiaeueiie niaoeeaeecaoeee naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, ?ac?aaioee iioeiecaoeeiiiuo iiaeaeae eniieueciaaiey
iniiaiuo oaeoi?ia eioaineoeeaoeee au?aueaaiey ianee/iiai nu?uey,
?acaeoey eiiia?aoeee e aa?ii?iiuoeaiiie eioaa?aoeee, aiaae?aiey nenoaiu
ia?eaoeiaa.

A ?aaioa aeoeaioe?oaony aieiaiea ia oii, /oi i?iaeaia ii?aaeaeaiey
yeiiiie/aneie nouiinoe eioaineoeeaoeee aa?a?iiai i?iecaiaenoaa aua
ieii/aoaeueii ia ?aoaia e iinoiyiii aeeneooe?oaony a iao/iuo e?oaao.
Aaoi? enoiaeeo ec oiai, /oi aeiieie?iaaaoay aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy
eioa?i?aoaoeey eioaineaiiai ?acaeoey i?iecaiaenoaa n oi/ee c?aiey o/aiey
ia eioaineaiii e yenoaineaiii oeiao aini?iecaiaenoaa (eioaineoeeaoeey
o?aeoiaaeanue a caaeneiinoe io o?iaiy eiioeaio?aoeee eaieoaea a ?an/aoa
ia aaeeieoeo caiaeueiie ieiuaaee) a oneiaeyo nia?aiaiiiai o?iaiy
?acaeoey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee e i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee yaeyaony
iaiieiie. Ii ?aai/ae aeiioaca enneaaeiaaiee, iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ianeii?iaeoeoiaiai iiaeeiiieaena AIE ia?ac?uaii
naycaii n i?iaaaeaieai aa?a?iie ?aoi?iu, niaiie oi?i oicyenoaiaaiey e
caiaeueiuo ioiioaiee ia naea, niaa?oainoaiaaieai caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu,
iaiaoiaeeiinoueth iiauoaiey iauae yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe
oicyenoaiaaiey a aa?a?iie noa?a, a oaeaea n ?anoe?aieai
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo ?aaio ii aeaiiie oaiaoeea. Nouiinoue iao/iie
iiaeciu iniiaiuo ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiey caeeth/aaony a ii?aaeaeaiee
iniiaiuo oai?aoe/aneeo, iaoiaee/aneeo e i?aeoe/aneeo iiaeoiaeia e
noaiiaeaieth e ?acaeoeth yeieiae/anee i?eaioe?iaaiiie eioaineoeeaoeee
ianeii?iaeoeoiaiai i?iecaiaenoaa; ai ananoi?iiiai iainiiaaiee
yeieiae/anee /enoie eioaineaiie oaoiieiaee i?iecaiaenoaa naiyi
iiaenieia/ieea e ?ac?aaioea i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai iaoaiecia aa yooaeoeaiiai
aiaae?aiey; a niaa?oainoaiaaiee iioeiecaoeeiiiuo iiaeaeae e ?an/aoa
eiee/anoaaiiuo iieacaoaeae i?eiaiaiey iniiaiuo oaoiiaaiiuo oaeoi?ia
eioaineoeeaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa iiaenieia/ieea aeey eiie?aoiuo
ii/aaiii-eeeiaoe/aneeo oneiaee ioaeaeueiuo cii Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoe; a
?ac?aaioea i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneeo iniia oi?ie?iaaiey ?uii/iiai
iaoaiecia aa?oeeaeueiuo eioaa?aoeeiiiuo naycae a io?anee e nenoaiu
aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey eiia/iuo ?acoeueoaoia
oicyenoaiaaiey iaaeaeo naeueneioicyenoaaiiuie i?aaei?eyoeyie e
ianeiyeno?aeoeeiiiuie caaiaeaie; a ii?aaeaeaiee aeueoa?iaoeaiuo
aa?eaioia ia?eaoeiaa ianee/iiai nu?uey e i?iaeoeoia aai ia?a?aaioee.

A iineaaeiea aiaeu ooieoeeiie?iaaiea ianeii?iaeoeoiaiai iiaeeiiieaena
AIE oa?aeoa?ecoaony ?aceei niaaeii yooaeoeaiinoe eae a i?aaeaeao
ioaeaeueiuo ninoaaeythueo aaeeiiai oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea (naeueneia
oicyenoai, caaioiaea e o?aiaiea, i?iiuoeaiiay ia?a?aaioea, ?aaeecaoeey),
oae e a i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo naycyo iaaeaeo ieie. Yoi i?eaiaeeo e
oiaiueoaieth iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa e ia?a?aaioee ianee/iiai nu?uey,
oaaee/aieth cao?ao iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia, oooaeoaieth ea/anoaaiiuo
iieacaoaeae i?iaeoeoeee, aeaoi?iaoeee no?oeoo?u yenii?oa e, eae
neaaenoaea, e ieceiio o?iaith oaeiaeaoai?aiey ni?ina iio?aaeoaeueneiai
?uiea ia ioa/anoaaiioth ianeiaee?iaoth i?iaeoeoeeth.

Ia iniiaa nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea e eco/aieth i?iaeaiu ?ac?aaioaiu
eiie?aoiua i?aaeeiaeaiey ii iaania/aieth eioaineaiiai ?acaeoey a
caaiueyo oaoiieiae/aneiai oeeeea “i?iecaiaenoai nu?uey – ia?a?aaioea –
?aaeecaoeey aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee” a oneiaeyo ia?aie/aiiiai ?ano?niiai
iaania/aiey, i?aaeeiaeai iaoaieci niaa?oainoaiaaiey
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneeo naycae iaaeaeo noauaeoaie oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe a io?anee. Aiaae?aiea iniiaiuo iieiaeaiee
aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaiou a i?iecaiaenoai ia o?aaoao aieueoeo aeiaeaiee
n?aaenoa e iniiauaaaony ia nouanoaothuae ?ano?niie aaca, aeeth/ay
o?iaaiue i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaee ?aaioieeia. ?ann/eoaiiua a
aeenna?oaoeee iieacaoaee iaoo?aeueiuo, noieiinoiuo e yia?aaoe/aneeo
cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai e ia?a?aaioeo iiaenieia/ieea iiaoo auoue
eniieueciaaiu eae ii?iaoeaiua i?e ninoaaeaiee aecian-ieaiia ia?ae/iuo
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee a ?anoaieaaiaenoaa e i?e i?aaiecaoeee
aioo?eoicyenoaaiiie ia?a?aaioee, a oniaa?oainoaiaaiiua iioeiecaoeeiiiua
iiaeaee i?eaiaeiu aeey eniieueciaaiey a noaiaea?oiuo i?eeeaaeiuo iaeaoao
i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey A?I niaoeeaeenoia.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: ianeii?iaeoeoiaue iiaeeiiieaen, eioaineoeeaoeey,
ea/anoai, ?uiie, eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue, iioeiecaoeey, eioaa?aoeey,
aeeooa?aioeeaoeey, yooaeoeaiinoue.

A?aeiia?aeaeueiee ca aeione

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe , i?ioani?, Nieiaeia I.O.

I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo26.01.99 Oi?iao 60×84/16 Oi.-ae?oe.a?e. 1.3

Oe?aae 100. Caiiaeaiiy 9

Ae?eueieoey iia?aoeaiiai ae?oeo OAeAO ?i.A.A.Aeieo/a?aa

312131, i.Oa?e?a. i-a “Eiioi?no-1”, o/aiaa i?noa/ei OAeAO

Oaaeeoey 4

Aia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea o?aaeeoe?eii? (? aa??aio) oa aeieia?/ii i???ioiaaii?
(?? aa??aio) oaoiieia?e ae?iaieoeoaa niiyoieeo (a ?ic?aooieo ia 1 aa)

Iieacieee? aa??aio?? aa??aioO?ce/i? iaeeieoe?Aia?ai?ii?noueO?ce/i?
iaeeieoe?Aia?ai?ii?noueIAeaeeeae%IAeaeeeae%Cao?aoeIaoai?cie-1448.5349649
12.34-1476.835633613.10Iaeeaii – ianoeeuei? iaoa??aee,
ea45.482403.157721620.5543.812313.955597620.53 A A oiio /ene?:
aaicei1.1462.0166760.530.6032.696650.29 aeecaeueia
iaeueia44.342341.156054020.0243.232281.354631120.24Aeaeo?iaia?a?y,
eAo-aiae.5.2563.045150.545.2563.045150.56Aeia?eaa,
ea-6940.0166114659.34-7061.5169011262.65 A A oiio /ene?:
i?aai?/i?70002940.070395525.14140005880.0140606552.17
i?ia?aeuei?1254000.095719134.20401181.528404710.48
c ieo: acioi?353038.072619625.9810868.02079307.70
oinoi?i?50630.01510835.3915189.0457611.68

eae?ei?40332.0799122.8415124.5303561.10Aa?a?oeeaee,
ea5456.31089683.90—-Ian?iiy, ea 589.1212920.76589.1212920.79I?yi?
cao?aoe i?aoe?, ethae.-aiae.4.57295.6705572.574.17267.5638362.37?acii
cao?ao-11695.62793343100.0-11271.82692067100.00?acoeueoaoeO?iaeaei?noue,
oe/aa20—20—Ai?no aia?a?? a 1 ea nooi?
?a/iaeie-19.384628.6–19.384628.6-Eiao?oe??io ai?noo nooi? ?a/iaeie a
ian?ii?0.92—0.92—Aia?ai?ii?noue
o?iaeaeiino?-35659.28516624–35659.28516624-Eiao?oe??io aia?aaoe/ii?
aoaeoeaiino?3.05—3.16—Eiao?oe??io aia?ai?iiino?
i?iaeoeoe??0.33—0.31—

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