?INOEOOO I*IEO OAI?IA ? OEAIEIII? OA?AI??
?I. A.I.O?EAOIAA
IO?AAAE
AEaiia Aieiaeeie??aia
OAeE 617.7-007.681-089.85
AOAEOEAI?NOUe IIA?AOe?? NAEOI?AEUeII? CAAeIUeI?
NEEA?AEOII?? OA AeEOA?AIOe?EIAAIEE I?AeO?Ae
AeI E?EOAAIIss OA?I?IAEUeIEO AEAOEII
14.01.18 – I/i? oai?iae
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
Iaeana – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaee/iiio oi?aa?neoao? IIC
Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: eaiaeeaeao iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Coaa??a
Noai?neaa Oaaei?iae/, Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaee/iee oi?aa?neoao,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e ioi?eiiea?eiaieia?? c iooaeueiieia??th
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Eaoeioeaaa
Ethaeieea Oa?aio??aia, ?inoeooo i/ieo oai?ia ? oeaieiii? oa?ai?? ?i.
A.I.O?eaoiaa, aieiaiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee a?aeae?eaiiy aeaoeiie oa
iooaeueiiaiaeie?eiieia??
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Eiiae?aoaiei TH??e Ieeieaeiae/,
Ee?anueea iaaee/ia aeaaeai?y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i. I.E.Ooieea,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e i/ieo oai?ia
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Aei?i?iiao?ianueea aea?aeaaia iaaee/ia aeaaeai?y,
eaoaae?a i/ieo oai?ia, IIC Oe?a?ie, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “.22..” aeiaoiy.. 1999 ?. i 14 . aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 41.556.01 a ?inoeooo?
i/ieo oai?ia ? oeaieiii? oa?ai?? ?i. A.I. O?eaoiaa ca aae?anith: 270061,
Iaeana-61, O?aioeocueeee aoeueaa?, 49/51.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo i/ieo
oai?ia ? oeaieiii? oa?ai?? ?i. A.I.O?eaoiaa (270061, Iaeana-61,
O?aioeocueeee aoeueaa?, 49/51).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “21..” aa?aniy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe,
i?ioani?
Iiiiia?/oe A.N.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. I?ioyaii inoaii?o o?eaeoeyoe ?ie?a a onueiio na?o?
/anoioa ne?iioe a?ae aeaoeiie oo?eio?oueny ia ??ai? 14-16% a?ae
caaaeueii? e?eueeino? ne?ieo (Ianoa?ia A.I.,1995, Oa?oeeueoaei E.E.,
1996). Ca i?iaiicii Quigley H.A., 1998, o 2000 ?. a na?o? aoaea
i?eaeecii 72,8 iei oai?eo ia aeaoeiio, na?aae ieo c aeainoi?iiiueith
ne?iioith — 6,7 iei /ieia?e. A Oe?a?i? ca inoaii? ?iee niinoa??aa?oueny
??no oai?eo c i?ci?ie noaae?yie aeaoeiie. Ca?aeii c aeaieie
Io?eiaiea ?.A., 1998, a 50,0% aeiaaee?a aioeaeaoeiiaoici? iia?aoe??
aeeiiothoueny o iaoe??io?a c o?ao?th-/aoaa?oith noaae??th caoai?thaaiiy.
Oaeei /eiii, iaaeeei-nioe?aeueia ?aaa?e?oaoe?y oai?eo c aeaoeiiaie
i?ci?o noaae?e ? aeooaeueiith i?iaeaiith no/anii? ioi?iie caei?ia’y.
I?e oa?i?iaeuei?e noaae?? aeaoeiie a?oa? aeaaaia?aoeai? ci?ie o an?o
no?oeoo?ao ne?iiai aieyuiai iea, eiia?iiaaia o?aaeaiiy oeyo?a a?aeoieo
aioo??oiueii/ii? ??aeeie, aenieee ??aaiue iooaeueiioiiono, ui ia
cieaea?oueny iaaeeeaiaioaie, iacaeaaeii a?ae ii/aoeiaiai iaoiaaiaco
caoai?thaaiiy (Aeaenaaa A.I., Ieaiaa?ia I.I., Eaaaiia E.A., 1986)
coiiaeththoue iaaoaeoeai?noue eiina?aaoeaiiai e?eoaaiiy, ?icaeiaiiy
iia?aoe?eieo oneeaaeiaiue oa iaaenie? a?aeaeaeai? ?acoeueoaoe
o??o?a?/ieo ao?o/aiue. O iaea?eueo oyaeeeo aeiaaeeao oa?i?iaeueieo
aeaoeii aioeeaaoe?y noa? iia?aoe??th aeai?o (Naeueieeiaa E.Ae.,
Na?naiaaaaa ?.I., Oonoa?ia TH.A., 1985, Aaeaa?aeeia E.I., 1996). O
ca’yceo c oeei iniaeeai? aaaeeeaino? iaaoaa? aea?? aoaeoeaiiai
i?aaiicaa??aath/iai iaoiaeo e?eoaaiiy oaeeo oai?eo.
?nio? aaaaoi iaoiae?a e?eoaaiiy oa?i?iaeueieo aeaoeii. Caaaeueiiaeciaii,
ui eiina?aaoeai? iaoiaee ia iathoue aoaeoo ? iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai?
eeoa o eiiieaen? c ?aaeeeaeueieie o??o?a?/ieie (Oe?ii?aea I.?. oa ?io.,
1997).
Iia?aoeai? ao?o/aiiy ia oe?e?a?ieo ia?aao oa noaeeiao oaoi?/ii neeaaei?
oa i?eaiaeyoue aei ?icaeoeo a?ic?? ? ae?acee ?iaiai? iaieiiee oa
aioeeaaoe?? o 7,1-26,0% aeiaaee?a (A?ioaaneee O.E., Oeoeei I.A., 1955,
A?oeiae/ E.A., 1960). Iia?aoe?y eieaeueii? oeeeeiaeano?oeoe?? oeyoii
e??i- ? ae?aoa?iiae?yiiy ia oe?e?a?ia o?ei ? iaeio?aaiaoe/iith, iaeiae
no?eeee a?iioaiceaiee aoaeo i?ney ia? a?aei?/a?oueny eeoa o 26,0-30,0%
oai?eo (Meyer J.H., Soriano J.M., Janknecht P., Funk J., 1994), a o
50,0% niinoa??aa?oueny a?aeiiaeaiiy aieth oa i?ia?anoaaiiy aeeno?io?/ieo
ci?i ia?aaeiueiai a?ae??ceo i/iiai yaeoea, ui i?eaiaeeoue aei
aioeeaaoe?? o 10,3-15,3% i?iiia?iaaieo (Auethiiaa Ae.I., 1972).
Iaea?eueo aenieee a?iioaiceaiee ? aiaeueaaoe/iee aoaeo (46,0-62,0%)
io?eiaii i?ney aeei?enoaiiy eaca?ii? eiaaoeyoe?? /anoeie oe?e?a?iiai
o?ea (Aieeia A.A., Ea/aiia A.A., 1993, Shields M.B., Shields S.E.,
1994).
Na?aae o??o?a?/ieo iaoiae?a e?eoaaiiy oai?eo ia oa?i?iaeueio aeaoeiio
ia?aaaaeathoue ao?o/aiiy ia oeyoao a?aeoieo aioo??oiueii/ii? ??aeeie.
O?nooe?coth/? iia?aoe??, ye? aacothoueny ia neiono?aaaeoeaeoii??,
caaacia/othoue ii?iae?caoe?th aioo??oiueii/iiai oeneo o 60,0-94,0%
oai?eo, aea ?oi? aeeiiaiiy noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny aaii?aa?/ieie
oneeaaeiaiiyie o 7,0-36,0% (Oe?ii?aea I.?. oa ?io., 1997, Peng S.X.,
Zhon W.B., 1994). A ?acoeueoao? iia?aoe?e c aeei?enoaiiyi
aenieaioiae?aioaaiiy no?eea eiiiainaoe?y aioo??oiueii/iiai oeneo
niinoa??aa?oueny o 34,0-83,0% oai?eo (Mastropasqua L et al., 1996, Mills
R.P. et al., 1996). Iaeiae o a?aeaeaeai? oa?i?ie aecia/a?oueny ae?aaeaia
?oaoethaaiiy o cii? ao?o/aiiy c cae?eooyi ioai?o ae?aiaaeo, ui iio?aao?
?aiia?aoe?e o 25,0% aeiaaee?a (Thomann U., Schipper J., 1990).
Aeoeaaoe?y oaaineea?aeueiiai oeyoo a?aeoieo aeinyaa?oueny iia?aoe?yie
oeeeeiae?ae?co Aaeia, ??eaeioeeeei?ao?aeoe??, iiiaeeiieie caaei?ie
neea?aeoii?yie. O a?aeaeaeai? oa?i?ie ii?iae?caoe?y aioo??oiueii/iiai
oeneo a?aecia/aia o 72,0-85,0% oai?eo ia oa?i?iaeueio aeaoeiio (Einuo
I.A., 1989,1990).
Oe?iea aeciaiiy o inoaii?e /an io?eiaee iaoiaee oeeeei?acaeoe?? c
/anoe/iith a?o?aeoii??th (Aaoiaiia TH.A., 1985, Ia?ao?ooei A.A., 1989,
Na?aeaiei I.I., 1989, Smiddly W.E., 1994). Iaeiae aeeiiaiiy oeeo
iia?aoe?e o ?yae? aeiaaee?a noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny aaii?aa?/ieie
oneeaaeiaiiyie (Na?ia A.A., 1986), a o a?aeaeaeai? oa?i?ie no?eea
eiiiainaoe?y iooaeueiioiiono ? eoi??oaaiiy aieth niinoa??aa?oueny o
45,0-76,0% i?iiia?iaaieo (Ianoa?ia A.I., 1986, Aaoiaiia TH.A., 1987,
Iiaae E.I., 1997).
Oaeei /eiii, ?nioth/? iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy oai?eo ia oa?i?iaeueio aeaoeiio
ia ae??oothoue o iiai?e i??? i?iaeaie caa?aaeaiiy ne?iiai i/iiai yaeoea
c? no?eeith ii?iae?caoe??th aioo??oiueii/iiai oeneo ? a?aenooi?noue
?aoeeaeea?a aieth. Iiooe iioeiaeueiiai iaoiaeo e?eoaaiiy oe??? eaoaai???
oai?eo ? aecia/ea iaoo ? caaea/? iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeaia ?iaioa ?
/anoeiith iaoeiai-aeine?aeieoeueei? oaie eaoaae?e ioi?eiiea?eiaieia?? c
iooaeueiieia??th Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
“Aea/aiiy iniaeeainoae ee?i?ee ? e?eoaaiiy oneeaaeiaieo oi?i oaa?o?a”
(1994-1999 ?.?.) (? aea?ae. ?a?no?aoe?? 01950023465).
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy: i?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? o??o?a?/iiai e?eoaaiiy oai?eo ia oa?i?iaeueio aeaoeiio
oeyoii canoinoaaiiy iiai? iia?aoe?? — naeoi?aeueii? caaeiuei?
neea?aeoii?? oa ?ic?iaee aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiiai i?aeoiaeo aei e?eoaaiiy
oa?i?iaeueieo aeaoeii o caeaaeiino? a?ae ?oi?o ee?i?/ieo iniaeeainoae.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe iaiao?aeii ae??oeoe ianooii? caaea/?:
1. ?ic?iaeoe oaoi?eo iiai? aioeaeaoeiiaoicii? iia?aoe?? — naeoi?aeueii?
caaeiuei? neea?aeoii??.
2. Aea/eoe a aenia?eiaio? iaoai?ci a?iioaiceaii? ae?? iia?aoe?e caaei?o
neea?aeoii?e (iiiaeeiieo oa naeoi?aeueii?).
3. I?iaanoe aiae?c ee?i?/iiai aoaeoo iia?aoe?? naeoi?aeueii? caaeiuei?
neea?aeoii?? o ii??aiyii? c iiiaeeiieie caaei?ie neea?aeoii?yie o oai?eo
ia oa?i?iaeueio aeaoeiio.
4. ?ic?iaeoe iieacieee aeey iia?aoe?? aeai?o i?e o??o?a?/iiio e?eoaaii?
oai?eo ia oa?i?iaeueio aeaoeiio o caeaaeiino? a?ae ee?i?/ieo i?iya
caoai?thaaiiy.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. ?ic?iaeaia iiaa
aioeaeaoeiiaoicia iia?aoe?y — naeoi?aeueia caaeiy neea?aeoii?y (iaoaio
Oe?a?ie ? 23802 a?ae 16.06.98 ?.) oa iieacieee aei ?? canoinoaaiiy.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui a?iioaiceaiee aoaeo iia?aoe?e caaei?o neea?aeoii?e
(iiiaeeiieo oa naeoi?aeueii?) coiiaeaiee aeoeaaoe??th oaaineea?aeueiiai
oeyoo a?aeoieo oa i?eai?/aiiyi i?iaeoeoe?? eaia?ii? aieiae aiane?aeie
?icaeiaiiy ao?io?? oe?e?a?ieo a?ae?inoe?a o cii? iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy.
Iieacaii, ui caaaeyee a?aei?oiei iniaeeainoyi oaoi?ee iia?aoe??
naeoi?aeueii? caaeiuei? neea?aeoii?? (ae?aioaaiiy noi?aoi??i?aeaeueiiai
i?inoi?o oa iaiaaeaiith ciie o?aiaiaoe?e neea?e 1/4 ieiu? oe?e?a?iiai
o?ea) cieaeaia /anoioa oyaeeeo ?io?aiia?aoe?eieo aaii?aa?/ieo ?
i?neyiia?aoe?eieo (oeeee?o, noaao?io?y i/iiai yaeoea) oneeaaeiaiue.
Iaa?oioiaaia aeioe?euei?noue aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiiai i?aeoiaeo aei aeai?o
aeaeo iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy (ia ae?aiaaeieo ? iicaae?aiaaeieo oeyoao
a?aeoieo), a?aoiaoth/e iniaeeaino? ee?i?ee oa?i?iaeueii? noaae??
aeaoeii.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. ?ic?iaeaia iia?aoe?y
naeoi?aeueii? caaeiuei? neea?aeoii?? ? iaeio?aaiaoe/iith, oaoi?/ii
i?inoith, i?enooiiith aei oe?ieiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a iooaeueiieia?/io
i?aeoeeo, ui aeicaieeoue nooo?ai i?aeaeueoe aoaeoeai?noue
iaaeeei-nioe?aeueii? ?aaa?e?oaoe?? oai?eo ia aieth/o oa?i?iaeueio
aeaoeiio.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui iia?aoe?y naeoi?aeueii? caaeiuei? neea?aeoii??
caaacia/o? cieaeaiiy /anoioe ?io?aiia?aoe?eieo aaii?aa?/ieo oneeaaeiaiue
aei 4,4% ? ?icaeiaiiy noaao?io?? i/iiai yaeoea o a?aeaeaeai? oa?i?ie —
aei 3,03%.
Aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiee i?aeo?ae aei aeai?o aeaeo iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy ?
canoinoaaiiy iia?aoe?? naeoi?aeueii? caaeiuei? neea?aeoii?? o oai?eo ia
oa?i?iaeueio aeaoeiio aeicaieeoue caaacia/eoe a?iioaiceaiee aoaeo o
66,7-78,6% aeiaaeeao, aiaeueaaoe/iee — o 78,6-86,7% ?
i?aaiicaa??aath/ee — o 93,3-96,8% oai?eo.
Iiao iia?aoe?th naeoi?aeueii? caaeiuei? neea?aeoii?? ai?iaaaeaeaii o
i?aeoeeo i/ieo a?aeae?eaiue Oa?e?anueei? iaeanii? ee?i?/ii? e?ea?i?,
aei?iaeiuei? e?ea?i? no. Oa?e?a, oeaio?aeueii? ?aeiiii? e?ea?i? i.
E?aniia?aae.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Ee?i?ei-ae?aaiinoe/i? ianoaaeaiiy ?
e?eoaaiiy oai?eo ia oa?i?iaeuei? aeaoeiie i?iaaaeai? ia aac? i/iiai
a?aeae?eaiiy Oa?e?anueei? iaeanii? ee?i?/ii? e?ea?i?. ?aeay ?iaioe
iaeaaeeoue iaoeiaiio ea??aieeia? eaiae. iaae. iaoe, i?ioani?o Coaa??ao
N.O.. Naiino?eii caeiaoaa/ai aeeiiaii 40 iia?aoe?e (88%) oai?ei iniiaii?
a?oie ? 105 iia?aoe?e (53%) oai?ei eiio?ieueii? a?oie. Aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaaaeai? naiino?eii ia aac? a?aeae?eo
aenia?eiaioaeueii-ee?i?/ii? iaaeeoeeie Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo. Ii?oieia?/ia aea/aiiy aenia?eiaioaeueiiai
iaoa??aeo i?iaaaeaii ni?eueii c ni?a?ia?oieeaie iaoieiai-aiaoii?/iiai
a?aeae?eaiiy Oa?e?anueei? iaeanii? ee?i?/ii? e?ea?i?. Naiino?eii
?ic?iaeaia oaoi?ea iiai? iia?aoe?? — naeoi?aeueii? caaeiuei?
neea?aeoii??, i?iaaaeaia ioe?iea iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a ianoaaeaiiy,
noaoenoe/iee aiae?c ? oi?ioethaaiiy aeniiae?a ii aeena?oaoe??.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
aeieeaaeaeeny ia II iaoe?iiaeueiiio eiia?an? aa?iioieia?a ? aa??ao??a
Oe?a?ie (i. Ee?a, 1994 ?.), tha?eaei?e eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/ai?e
125-??//th eaoaae?e iooaeueiieia?? Ee?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo (i. Ee?a, 1995), neiiic?oi? “Eeeieea, aeeaaiinoeea e
ea/aiea eciaiaiee i?aaia c?aiey i?e naoa?iii aeeaaaoa” (i. Oa?e?a,
1995), IX c’?cae? iooaeueiieia?a Oe?a?ie (i. Iaeana, 1996),
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/ai?e 90-??//th e?ea?i? ?i.
E. E. A??oiaia (i. Oa?e?a, 1998), can?aeaiiyo Oa?e?anueeiai iaeaniiai
oiaa?enoaa iooaeueiieia?a (1994, 1995, 1996, 1998 ?.?.).
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 12 ae?oeiaaieo ?ia?o, c
ieo 4 noaoo? a oaoiaeo iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao ? iaeia — a oaoiaiio ca??ieeo
iaoeiaeo i?aoeue, iaoaio ia aeiao?ae, 6 ?ia?o — a iaoa??aeao ? oacao
c’?cae?a ? eiioa?aioe?e.
Ianya ? no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y iaienaia ?in?enueeith
iiaith, aeeeaaeaia ia 132 noi??ieao eiii’thoa?iiai oaenoo. Neeaaea?oueny
?c anooio, 4 ?icae?e?a, caeeth/aiiy, aeniiae?a ? nieneo aeei?enoaieo
e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae. ?ethno?iaaia 22 oaaeeoeyie ? 10 iaethieaie, ye?
caeiathoue 18 noi??iie. Nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae i?noeoue 241
iaeiaioaaiiy ? ?ici?uo?oueny ia 22 noi??ieao.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee i?iaaaeai? ia 12 e?ieeeao (24 iea)
ii?iaee oeioeea iaeiiai a?eo (12-14 i?nyoe?a) oa aaae (3,5-4,0 ea).
Ee?i?/ia niinoa?aaeaiiy ca noaiii i/ae oaa?ei i?ioyaii aenia?eiaioo
neeaaeaeiny c iaeyaeo i?e aieiaiio ina?oeaii?, a?ii?e?ineii?? oa
eiio?ieth ??aiy aioo??oiueii/iiai oeneo. 10 e?ieeeai (20 i/ae) aoea
aeeiiaia iia?aoe?y naeoi?aeueia caaeiy neea?aeoii?y, aeaa e?ieeee aoee
eiio?ieueiith a?oiith. Niinoa?aaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeinue aaciina?aaeiuei
ia?aae iia?aoe??th, uiaeaiii i?ioyaii ia?oiai oeaeiy i?ney iia?aoe??,
iio?i aea?/? ? iaeei ?ac ia oeaeaeaiue i?ioyaii o?ueio i?nyoe?a.
Oaa?eie aeaiaeeeeny c aenia?eiaioo /a?ac 1, 2, 3 i?nyoe? i?ney ao?o/aiiy
oeyoii aaaaeaiiy o aooio aaio 10,0 ie iia?o?y i?ae o?iiaioaeiaei
ia?eicii (0,05 a ia 1 ea aaae). Aioeeaaoe?th i?iiia?iaaieo i/ae
aeeiioaaee c?aco i?ney caaith oaa?ei. Aeaeaeai? i/? o?enoaaee 10%
?ic/eiii oi?iae?io, caeeaaee o ia?ao?i, aeaioiaeai? ia?eae?iiaeuei?
c??ce oiaueiith 5 iei oa?aoaaee aaiaoienee?i-aiceiii oa ii Aai-A?ciio,
i?e?ineiioaaee.
Ee?i?/iee noai i/ae e?ieee?a /a?ac 1-10 ae?a i?ney iia?aoe?? aoa
caaeia?eueiei. O an?o oaa?ei niinoa??aaeany iii??ia ?i’?eoe?y i/iiai
yaeoea, ianoici?noue eii’thieoeae o cii? iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy. ?ia?aea
caeeoaeany i?ici?ith, ia?aaeiy eaia?a caa??aaea cae/aeio aeeaeio,
?aoeaen c i/iiai aeia aoa ?iaeaaei.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy noaio aioo??oiueii/iiai oeneo e?ieee?a ia?aae ? i?ney
iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy aecia/eei, ui o ia?o? 10 ae?a i?ney iia?aoe??
niinoa??aaeiny iinooiiaa i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy iooaeueiioiiono c 18,17(2,69
ii ?o. no. aei 21,75(1,75 ii ?o. no. *a?ac iaeei i?nyoeue i?ney
iia?aoe?? ? aei cae?i/aiiy oa?i?io aenia?eiaioo niinoa??aaeiny iinooiiaa
cieaeaiiy ??aiy iooaeueiioiiono oae, ui /a?ac o?e i?nyoe? i?ney
ao?o/aiiy aioo??oiueii/iee oene aoa ieae/a aeo?aeiiai (17,18(0,83 ii ?o.
no.).
Aeey aea/aiiy aieeao iia?aoe?? caaei?o neea?aeoii?e ia oeyoe a?aeoieo
aioo??oiueii/ii? ??aeeie i/ae e?ie?a aoee i?iaaaeai? ii?oieia?/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy ae?aiaaeii? ciie, oe?e?a?iiai o?ea ? neea?e a cii?
iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy o ??ci? oa?i?ie i?ney iia?aoe??.
*a?ac 1 i?nyoeue i?ney iia?aoe?? a cii? i?iaaaeaieo neea?aeoii?e
aecia/aeiny ooai?aiiy e?ioi-a?no?ioeeoa?iiai ?io?eueo?aoo c iayai?noth
iiaiooai?aieo noaeei ? aeaci???ioiaaiei ?icoaooaaiiyi eieaaaiiaeo
aieieii. Niinoa??aaeiny caoaeaiiy eooa ia?aaeiuei? eaia?e, nei?i/aiiy
a?aa?iii? ca’ycee oa ei?iaioaaaeueieo o?aaaeoe. Oiioaiia? i?inoi?e aoee
a?aee?eo?, noaeeie oe?e?a?iiai o?ea ? ?aeaeoaeee ?icoe?ai?, iiaiie?iai?.
*a?ac 2 i?nyoe? i?ney iia?aoe?? a cii? iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy
aecia/aeiny oi?ioaaiiy ?oaoeaaiai aiaieua c n?oeith iiaiooai?aieo
noaeei. Eoo ia?aaeiuei? eaia?e ? oiioaiia? i?inoi?e aoee oe?ie?.
Niinoa??aaeiny noiioaiiy ei?iaioaaaeueii? /anoeie o?aaaeoey?iiai
aia?aoo.
*a?ac 3 i?nyoe? i?ney iia?aoe?? caaei?o neea?aeoii?e a?aei?/aeiny
oi?ioaaiiy ?oaoeaai? niieo/ii? oeaieie c aiaa?eciaoe/ii ?icoe?aieie
iiaiooai?aieie noaeeiaie o cii? o?aiaiaoe?? neea?e, noiioaiiy ?
neea?icoaaiiy a?aa?iii? ca’ycee ? ei?iaioaaaeueii? o?aaaeoee, iioe?aiiy
oiioaiiaeo i?inoi??a, neea?icoaaiiy ? ao?io?y oe?e?a?ieo a?ae?inoe?a o
cii? iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy.
Oaeei /eiii, iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
aeicaieythoue aeneiaeoe caeeth/aiiy a?aeiinii iaoai?cio a?iioaiceaii?
ae?? iia?aoe?? caaei?o neea?aeoii?e. Ii-ia?oa, aeoeaaoe?y
oaaineea?aeueiiai oeyoo a?aeoieo aioo??oiueii/ii? ??aeeie a?aeaoaa?oueny
aiane?aeie oi?ioaaiiy n?oee iiaiooai?aieo aiaa?eciaoe/ii ?icoe?aieo
noaeei o ?oaoeaa?e oeaiei?, ui cai?uo? neea?aeueiee aeaoaeo i?ney
o?aiaiaoe??. Ii?yae c oeei niinoa??aa?oueny ?icoe?aiiy eooa ia?aaeiuei?
eaia?e ? oiioaiiaeo i?inoi??a. Ii-ae?oaa, a?aeiia?aeii iaoei
niinoa?aaeaiiyi, aeeiiaiiy iiiaeeiieo neea?aeoii?e o i?iaeoe??
oe?e?a?iiai o?ea i?eaiaeeoue aei ?icaeiaiiy ao?io?? oe?e?a?ieo
a?ae?inoe?a o cii? iia?aoeaiiai ao?o/aiiy, ui noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny
ciaioaiiyi i?iaeoeoe?? eaia?ii? aieiae ? aioo??oiueii/iiai oeneo /a?ac
o?e i?nyoe? i?ney iia?aoe??. Oea coiiaeaii eieaeueieie o?io?/ieie
ii?ooaiiyie aiane?aeie ia?aoeiaiiy a?oie oe?e?a?ieo ia?a?a o
noi?aoi??i?aeaeueiiio i?inoi?? o cii? o?aiaiaoe?? neea?e. Io?eiai? aeai?
na?ae/aoue i?i iiaea?eio a?iioaiceaio ae?th caaei?o neea?aeoii?e: ca
?aooiie aeoeaaoe?? oaaineea?aeueiiai oeyoo a?aeoieo ? i?eai?/aiiy
i?iaeoeoe?? eaia?ii? aieiae.
Ee?i?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy ? o??o?a?/ia e?eoaaiiy aoei i?iaaaeaii o 233
oai?eo (233 iea) c oa?i?iaeueiith noaae??th ia?aeiii? (137 oai?eo) ?
aoi?eiieo (96 oai?eo) aeaoeii. Na?aae oai?eo c aoi?eiieie aeaoeiiaie
ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue aoee iaoe??ioe c iaiaaneoey?iith aeaoeiiith
(57,3%), ?io? aeaee yaeyee niaith iaaaeee? a?oie — a?ae 5,2 aei 12,5%.
Na?aae ianoaaeaieo /ieia?e?a aoei 143 (61,37%), ae?iie — 90 (38,63%),
ia?aaaaeaee iaoe??ioe iioeeiai a?eo — a?ae 60 aei 80 ?ie?a (71,7%).
A?eueo?noue oai?eo no?aaeaeaee caaaeueiiniiaoe/ieie caoai?thaaiiyie:
a?ia?oii?/ia oai?iaa (44,2%), ?oai?/ia oai?iaa na?oey (39,9%), oeoe?iaee
ae?aaao 1 ? 2 oeio (17,2%). ?ai?oa ia e?eoaaeeny o iooaeueiieiaa 48,1%
oai?eo, aeei?enoiaoaaee ?inoeeyoe?? aioeaeaoeiiaoicieo e?aiaeue — 36,5%,
aoee i?iiia?iaai? — 15,4% oai?eo.
On?i oai?ei aoee i?iaaaeai? oae? ianoaaeaiiy: a?ciiao??y, ia??iao??y,
a?ii?e?ineii?y, aii?ineii?y, oiiiiao??y, oiiia?ao?y, ae?aoaiineii?y,
oeueo?acaoeiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy.
O ia?aaaaeii? a?eueoino? iaoe??io?a aoea i?aeoe/ia ne?iioa. ??ce? aie?
a?aei?/aee 179 oai?eo (76,82%), na?aae ieo 87 oai?eo (63,50%) ia
ia?aeiio aeaoeiio, 92 (95,83%) — ia aoi?eii?.
Iniaeeaa oaaaa caa?oaeany ia noai ia?aaeiueiai a?aeae?eo i/iiai yaeoea:
nooi?iue ? oa?aeoa? ae?aco aeaaaia?aoeaieo ci?i ?iaiai? iaieiiee (iaa?ye
ai?oae?th, no?iie, aoeueicia ea?aoiiao?y, ae?acea, no??/eiiiae?aia
iiiooi?iiy), iayai?noue ? nooi?iue iaiaaneoey?ecaoe?? ?aeaeoaeii?
iaieiiee, oa?aeoa? iaoieia?/ieo ci?i ??eaeiei?iaaeueiiai eooa
(i?ao?aaaeoey?ia aeieaaea, iaiaaneoey?ia iaia?aia).
Aeo?aeia ee?i?/ia ea?oeia oa?i?iaeueii? noaae?? aeaoeiie iaea ni?euei?
i?iyae iacaeaaeii a?ae ia?a?niiai iaoai?cio ?aoaioe?? aiaeyii? aieiae.
Aea i?e aoi?eiieo aeaoeiiao ee?i?/iee noai aoa a?eueo oyaeeei o
ii??aiyii? c ia?aeiiith. Oae, aeaaaia?aoeai? ci?ie ?ia?aee
niinoa??aaeeny a?aeiia?aeii o 85,42% ? 62,04% oai?eo, i?e /iio iaa?ye
ai?oae?th ? no?iie — 17,71% ? 8,76%, aoeueicia ea?aoiiao?y — 8,33% ?
5,84%. ae?acea — 2,08% ? 1,45%. Iaiaaneoey?ecaoe?y ?aeaeoaeee oaeiae
/ano?oa a?aei?/aeany o iaoe??io?a c aoi?eiieie oa?i?iaeueieie aeaoeiiaie
— 67,71% (o ii??aiyii? i?e ia?aeii?e — 25,55%).
sse?nia aii?ineii?/ia ianoaaeaiiy aoei iiaeeeaa eeoa o 85 oai?eo
(34,48%), na?aae ieo 64 oai?eo ia ia?aeiio aeaoeiio. A?aee?eoee eoo
ia?aaeiuei? eaia?e aoei a?aei?/aii o 73,44%, cae?eoee — o 26,56%,
aii?in?iao?? — 14,06%, n?oeo iiaiooai?aieo noaeei — o 15,63% oai?eo.
Aeo?aeiee ??aaiue aioo??oiueii/iiai oeneo o an?o oai?eo aoa aenieei:
43,8(5,7 ii ?o. no. i?e aoi?eiieo aeaoeiiao ? 42,5(2,0 ii ?o. no. — i?e
ia?aeii?e, ? Oaaeeoey 3
A?aeaeaeai? ?acoeueoaoe iia?aoe?? NOAO o oai?eo ia oa?i?iaeueio aeaoeiio
Ee?i?/ia a?oia
oai?eo Onueiai
oai?eo Ii?iae?caoe?y
iooaeueiioiiono Eoi??oaaiiy aieth Caa?aaeaiiy i/iiai yaeoea
Ia?oa 28 21 23 28
100% 75,00% 82,14% 100%
Ae?oaa 14 3 3 12
100% 21,43%* 21,43%* 85,71%*
Onueiai 42 24 26 40
100% 57,14% 61,90% 95,24%
* — ??aaiue cia/ouino? ??cieoeue i?ae iieacieeaie ??cieo a?oi ? AIIIOAOeEss
Io?aaae AE.A. Yooaeoeaiinoue iia?aoeee naeoi?aeueiie caaeiae
neea?yeoiiee e aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiue iiaeoiae e ea/aieth oa?ieiaeueiuo
aeaoeii.- ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeeoeeineeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 14.01.18 - aeaciua aieacie. - Einoeooo aeaciuo
aieaciae e oeaiaaie oa?aiee ei. A.I. Oeeaoiaa AII Oe?aeiu, Iaeanna,
1999.
A aeenna?oaoeee eco/aiu ?acoeueoaou oe?o?ae/aneiai ea/aiey aieueiuo n
oa?ieiaeueiie noaaeeae ia?ae/iie e aoi?e/iuo aeaoeii.
Eeeie/aneee aiaeec 233 aieueiuo n oa?ieiaeueiuie aeaoeiiaie iicaieee
onoaiiaeoue iauea i?iyaeaiey caaieaaaiey, iacaaeneii io ia?aiia/aeueiiai
iaoaiecia ?aoaioeee aiaeyienoie aeaae: neaiioa, aieaaie neiae?ii,
aunieee o?iaaiue iooaeueiioiiona, aeaaaia?aoeaiua eciaiaiey ?iaiaie
iaiei/ee (ioae yieoaeey, no?iiu, aoeeaciay ea?aoiiaoey, ycaa,
iiiooiaiea), iaiaaneoey?ecaoeey ?aaeoaeiie iaiei/ee 1-3 noaaeee,
iaoieiae/aneea eciaiaiey ae?aiaaeiie nenoaiu (i?ao?aaaeoey?iay aeieaaea,
iaiaaneoey?iay iaia?aia). Onoaiiaeaii aieaa oyaeaeia eeeie/aneia oa/aiea
aoi?e/iuo oa?ieiaeueiuo aeaoeii a n?aaiaiee n ia?ae/iuie.
A ?acoeueoaoa yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee aeieacaii, /oi iaoaieci
aeiioaiceaiiai aeaenoaey iia?aoeee caaeieo neea?yeoiiee (iiiaeanoaaiiuo
e naeoi?aeueiie) iaoneiaeai ia oieueei aeoeaaoeeae oaaineea?aeueiiai
iooe iooiea ca n/ao oi?ie?iaaiey naoe iiaiia?aciaaiiuo ninoaeia a ciia
iia?aoeaiiai aiaoaoaeuenoaa e ?anoe?aiey oaea ia?aaeiae eaia?u, ii
oaeaea e oaiaoaieai i?iaeoeoeee aiaeyienoie aeaae a ?acoeueoaoa ?acaeoey
ao?ioee oeeeea?iuo io?inoeia a ciia aiaoaoaeuenoaa.
?ac?aaioaia oaoieea iiaie iia?aoeee — naeoi?aeueiie caaeiae
neea?yeoiiee, ioee/eoaeueiuie iniaaiiinoyie eioi?ie yaeythony auiieiaiea
o?aiaiaoeee neea?u a oaoiaoiii ii?yaeea a i?aaeaeao 1/4 ieiuaaee
oeeeea?iiai oaea n i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui ae?aie?iaaieai
noi?aoi?eieaeaeueiiai i?ino?ainoaa.
Iieacaii, /oi aeaaiaea?y ioee/eoaeueiui iniaaiiinoyi oaoieee iia?aoeee
NCNY iieo/aii nieaeaiea /anoiou eio?aiia?aoeeiiiuo aaii??aae/aneeo
ineiaeiaiee aei 4,44% e ?acaeoea noaao?ioee iia?e?iaaiiiai aeaca aei
3,03%.
Onoaiiaeaii, /oi iia?aoeey NOYO o aieueiuo n oa?ieiaeueiie noaaeeae
ia?ae/iie e aoi?e/iuo aeaoeii i?e ioiineoaeueii aeaaeeii eeeie/aneii
oa/aiee (ionoonoaee eciaiaiee ia?aaeiaai io?acea aeaciiai yaeiea e
iaiaaneoey?ecaoeee ?aaeoaeiie iaiei/ee, ioe?uoii oaea ia?aaeiae eaia?u)
iicaieeea aeinoeaiooue noieeee aeiioaiceaiue yooaeo a 75,0%,
aiaeueaaoe/aneee — a 82,14%, i?aaiinio?aiiue — a 100% neo/aaa. I?e
iaee/ee iaiaaneoey?ecaoeee ?aaeoaeee 1-2 noaaeee i?iaaaeaiea iia?aoeee
ia ae?aiaaeiuo iooyo iaoeaeaniia?acii, /oi iauyniyaony ?acaeoeai
eio?aiia?aoeeiiiuo aaii??aae/aneeo ineiaeiaiee o 60,53% aieueiuo (a o./.
yenioeueneaiie aaii??aaee — o 10,53%), ?oaoeaaaieai iia?aoeeiiiie
oenooeu e i?ia?anne?iaaieai iaiaaneoey?ecaoeee. Noieeay ii?iaeecaoeey
aioo?eaeaciiai aeaaeaiey e eoie?iaaiea aieae ioia/aii o 21,43%,
yioeeaaoeey i?iecaaaeaia o 14,29% aieueiuo.
I?e a?oauo aeaaaia?aoeaiuo eciaiaieyo ?iaiaie iaiei/ee, iaeanoe eeiaa,
iaiaaneoey?ecaoeee 1-3 noaaeee, cae?uoii oaea ia?aaeiae eaia?u
oeaeaniia?acii i?iaaaeaiea iia?aoeaiuo aiaoaoaeuenoa ia aiaae?aiaaeiuo
iooyo (caaeiea neea?yeoiiee). Iia?aoeey naeoi?aeueiie caaeiae
neea?yeoiiee iaania/eaaao aeiioaiceaiue e aiaeueaaoe/aneee yooaeo o
72,73% n nio?aiaieai aeaciiai yaeiea o 96,96% aieueiuo a n?iee
iaaethaeaiey aei 30 ianyoeaa iinea aiaoaoaeuenoaa.
Aeieacaia oeaeaniia?aciinoue aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiiai iiaeoiaea e auai?o
aeaea iia?aoeaiiai aiaoaoaeuenoaa a caaeneiinoe io eeeie/aneeo
iniaaiiinoae oa?ieiaeueiie noaaeee ia?ae/iie e aoi?e/iuo aeaoeii.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: oa?ieiaeueiay aeaoeiia, caaeiea neea?yeoiiee,
oaaineea?aeueiue iooue iooiea, oaiaoaiea i?iaeoeoeee eaia?iie aeaae.
ANNOTATION
Muravey Zh. V. Effectiveness of the sectoral posterior sclerectomy and
differentiated approach to the treatment of absolute glaucoma. —
Manuscript.
Thesis for a candidate’s degree by speciality 14.01.18. — eye diseases.
— The Filatov Institute of Eye Disease and Tissue Therapy of AMS of
Ukraine, Odessa, 1999.
The results of the surgical treatment of patients with absolute glaucoma
was studied in ours investigations. New surgical treatment — sectoral
posterior sclerectomy — was proposed. The experimental investigation has
shown that the hypotensive action of posterior sclerectomy (plural and
sectoral) is conditioned by activation of the uveoscleral outflow of the
aqueous humor and the reducing aqueous production. It has shown that the
sectoral posterior sclerectomy decreases the number of operative
complication and improves the effectiveness of treatment in distant
time. The clinical investigation and results of the surgical treatment
of 233 patients with absolute primary and secondary glaucoma have
demonstrated that the operation of choice (on the conventional system or
secondary pathways) has to depend on the initial clinical peculiarity of
the disease.
Key words: absolute glaucoma, posterior sclerectomy, uveoscleral
outflow, reducing aqueous production.
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