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Ефективність стартстопного методу синхронізації та фазування в системах передавання на базі БЧК: Автореф. дис… канд. техн. наук / Хенді Амджад Юсеф,

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AeA?AEAAIEE EII?OAO CA’ssCEO OA ?IOI?IAOECAOe?? OE?A?IE

OE?A?INUeEA AeA?AEAAIA AEAAeAI?ss CA’ssCEO ?i. I.N. IIIIAA

Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno

Oaiae? Aiaeaeaae THnao

(Ei?aeai?y)

OAeE 621.391; 621.396;

621.382(024)

AOAEOEAI?NOUe NOA?ONOIIIIAI IAOIAeO

NEIO?II?CAOe?? OA OACOAAIIss

A NENOAIAO IA?AAeAAAIIss IA AAC? A*E

05.12.13 – I?eno?i? ?aae?ioaoi?ee oa cania?a oaeaeiioi?eaoe?e

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Iaeana 1999

?iaioo aeeiiaii a Oe?a?inuee?e aea?aeaai?e aeaaeai?? ca’yceo ?i. I.N.
Iiiiaa.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – caneoaeaiee i?aoe?aiee ia?iaeii? ina?oe Oe?a?ie,

aeaaeai?e i?aeia?iaeii? aeaaeai?? ?ioi?iaoecaoe??,

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Caoa?/aiei I.A.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe,

Naa/aiei TH.A.

i?ioani? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai

oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo Oe?a?ie (EI?)

Iaeeioeia I.I.

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Oe?a?inuee? aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? ca’yceo ?i. I.N. Iiiiaa

Aaaeo/a i?aei?e?inoai – Iaeanueeee aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee
oi?aa?neoao.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 17 ” /a?aiy 1999 ?. i 14-00 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee E 41.816.02 Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai??
ca’yceo ?i. I.N. Iiiiaa ca aae?anith: 270021, i. Iaeana-21, aoe.
Eocia/ia, 1.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? aeaaeai??.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii “ 15 ” o?aaiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee, e.o.i.,

aeioeaio A.O. Oii?ia

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie ? noai ieoaiiy.

No/ani? nenoaie ia?aaeaaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny aenieeie
aeiiaaie aei i?aaeeueiino? ia?aaeaaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? oa
eiia??i?nii-/aniaeo oa?aeoa?enoee aeinoaaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? niiaeeaa/aa?.
Caaacia/aiiy cacia/aieo aeiia ia?ic?eaii iia’ycaii c ?ica’ycaiiyi
i?iaeaie neio?ii?caoe?? ia?aaeaaaeueieo oa i?eeiaeueieo i?eno?i?a
oi?ioaaiiy e ia?iaee neaiae?a. Oea iiynith?oueny oei, ui ii?ooaiiy
neio?ii?caoe?? noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny iiyaith o iine?aeiaiino? aeaiaio?a ia
aoiae? aeaeiaeoaaeueiiai i?eno?ith niaoeeo?/ieo iiieeie – iiieeie
neio?ii?caoe??, ui aiie i?ecaiaeyoue aei ??ceiai cieaeaiiy i?aaeeueiino?
ia?aaeaaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? oa eiia??iino? ?? aeinoaaee niiaeeaa/aa?.
Iniaeeai yne?aai oea ae?aaeaii i?e ia?aaeaaaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? eaiaeaie
ca’yceo c aenieei ??aiai caaaae, ui ? oa?aeoa?iei aeey ieciaeo eaiie
aaoiiaoeciaaieo nenoai ea?oaaiiy (ANE). Na?aae ?nioth/eo oei?a eaiae?a
ca’yceo aeey aeei?enoaiiy a ieciaeo eaieao ANE ia?aaaaa iaaea?oueny
aeae?eaiei oa eiiooiaaiei oaeaoiiiei ? oaeaa?aoiei eaiaeai.

Ie??i oiai, a oiiaao ianiaiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ANE iaei??th c iniiaieo
aeiia ? ciaioaiiy aa?oino? an?o ?? neeaaeiaeo /anoei. Neacaia iaeeaaea?
aeiaeaoeia? iaiaaeaiiy ia neeaaei?noue ?aae?caoe?? nenoaie ia?aaeaaaiiy
acaaae? e i?eno?i?a neio?ii?caoe?? cie?aia, ui cia/ii oneeaaeith?
?ica’ycaiiy caaea/? uiaei a?aeiaeaeaiiy aoaeoeaieo iaoiae?a i?aeaeuaiiy
a??ia?aeiino? ia?aaeaaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? ca iayaiino? aaeeoeaieo iiieeie c
o?aooaaiiyi iiieeie neio?ii?caoe??.

Iniaeea?noth aia?aoo?e ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo (AIAe), ui aiia i?aoeth? a
ieciaeo eaieao ANE, ? a?aeiinii iaaenie? oaeaeeino? ia?aaeaaaiiy e
aeiiae aei i?aaeeueiino? ia?aaeaaaiiy ca a?aeiinii i?inoi? ?aae?caoe??
i?eno?i?a. C iaea?eueo i?inoeie i?ee?ioeaaeie i?eno?iyie
aaaaeaiiy–aeaaaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? iai?i i?iaaaeeoueny aneio?iiiei –
noa?onoiiiei iaoiaeii. Iaea?eueo iiaia aeei?enoaiiy ia?aaaa noa?onoiiieo
nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy i?e iaeii/aniiio i?aeaeuaii? ?oiuei?
caaaaeino?eeino? aeanoue ciiao ?icoe?eoe eiei aaiiaio?a, ye?
ianeoaiaothoueny AIAe aeaiiai oeio.

O ca’yceo c aeuacacia/aiei, aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao neio?ii?caoe?? ia
i?aaeeuei?noue ia?aaeaaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? e aecia/aiiy niinia?a eiai
ciaioaiiy i?e ia?aaeaaaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? a ieciaeo eaieao ANE ?
aeooaeueiith caaea/ath ? ia? aaeeea i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy, ine?eueee a?ae
niinia?a ?ica’ycaiiy oe??? caaea/? ?noioii caeaaeaoue i?eioeeie
iiaoaeiae nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy e aoaeoeai?noue aeei?enoaiiy eaiae?a
ca’yceo.

Caaea/ath i?eno?ith neio?ii?caoe?? ? anoaiiaeaiiy a?aeiia?aeiino? iii?ae
o?eniaaieie ca i?noeaiieiaeaiiyi a eiaeia?e eiia?iaoe?? cia/oueie
iiiaioaie ia ia?aaeaaaii? oa i?eeiaii?. Aeey anoaiiaeaiiy neio?ii?caoe??
iaiao?aeii iaoe ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i oaco ia?aaeaaaieo eiia?iaoe?e. Oeth
?ioi?iaoe?th iiaeia caeiaoaaoe ye ?c niaoe?aeueieo neaiae?a, ui ianooue
?ioi?iaoe?th eeoa i?i oaco, oae ? c iaaeeeoeiai? /anoeie eiaeiai?
eiia?iaoe??, ui aiia aaiaeeoueny aeey ei?aeoe?? iiieeie.

Ieoaiiyi neio?ii?caoe?? nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy i?enay/aii i?aoe? ye
a?o/eciyieo, oae ? ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo. I?ioeane ia?aaeaaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe??
noa?onoiiieie nenoaiaie aeaaii i?eaa?oathoue oaaao aeine?aeiee?a. O
i?aoeyo I.A. Cae?aa?a, I.I. Eioiaa, A.?. Na?aeaanueeiai, I.A.
Caoa?/aiea, E.I. A?oneeianueeiai, A.I. ?iaeueyiiaa, A.?.
Ei?aeiaianueeiai, ?.I. Aia?aoiaa, TH.N. Naaeoeueeiai, A.A.
I?io?ianueeiai oa ?ioeo a/aieo a?aeaeoi ??ci? aniaeoe ieoaiue
aeine?aeaeaiiy e ?ic?iaee aeai?eoi?a ?iaioe noa?onoiiieo i?eeiaeueieo
i?eno?i?a.

O ca’yceo c oe?ieei ai?iaaaeaeaiiyi i?e?ii?ioeani??a oa i?e?iAII
c’yaeeanue iiaeeea?noue ?aae?caoe?? a noa?onoiiieo nenoaiao neeaaeieo ?
iioeiaeueieo aeai?eoi?a ia?iaee aeene?aoieo neaiae?a. O i?aoeyo A.I.
Oa?aioue?aa, A.I. Cae?aa?a, I.I. A?eiiaa, N.?. Naoa?/oea, A.A.
Ieeeoeueeiai, ?.A. A?caooe?ia, TH.A. Ia?oeiiaa, A.A. Iaea,
N.A. *aeoea?aa, A.A. Oaeeiaia oa ?ioeo a/aieo aeine?aeaeoaaeenue niiniae
iiaoaeiae i?eno?i?a ?a?no?aoe?? oa neio?ii?caoe?? c aeei?enoaiiyi
?aoe?iiaeueieo aeai?eoi?a i?eeiaiiy. Iaeiae o cacia/aieo ?iaioao
a?aeaeoi eeoa ie?ai? e iiiaeeiie? ieoaiiy iiaoaeiae noa?onoiiieo nenoai
ia?aaeaaaiiy ? ia aeinoaoiueith i??ith ?ica’ycoaaeanue caaea/a
iioei?caoe?? i?eeiaeueieo i?eno?i?a.

Ieoaiiyi aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy naiineio?ii?coth/eo aeanoeainoae
iaaeeeoeiaeo ?ic?yaeii-oeeo?iaeo eiae?a i?enay/aii ieceo i?aoeue A.I.
Aeaenaiae?iaa, I.A. Caoa?/aiea, A.N. Aeaeoiaia, O.Ae. Cae?aniyinueeiai,
N.E. Eayoi, ?.I. Ia?oeiiaa, ?.O. Oiie/a oa ?i. Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui
iiooe iioeiaeueieo aeai?eoi?a iaeaaeeoue aei /enea iaea?eueo aeooaeueieo
caaea/ ?ica’ycaiiy caaaeueii? i?iaeaie i?aeaeuaiiy caaaaeino?eeino? i?e
ia?aaeaaaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? a eaiaeao ca’yceo ?c caaaaeaie.

ssaey? ?ioa?an aeine?aeaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino? noa?onoiiiiai iaoiaeo
neio?ii?caoe?? oa oacoaaiiy a nenoaiao ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo i?e
aeei?enoaii? aaaaoiiiceoe?eieo /aniaeo eiae?a (A*E), a oaeiae ?ic?iaea
aeai?eoi?a i?aeaeuaiiy caaaaeino?eeino? noa?onoiiiiai iaoiaeo
ia?aaeaaaiiy a nenoaiao ca’yceo.

Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa i?enay/aia aeooaeuei?e i?iaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy
neio?ii?caoe?? oa oacoaaiiy a nenoaiao ia?aaeaaaiiy ia aac?
aaaaoiiiceoe?eieo /aniaeo eiae?a.

Iaoa ?iaioe ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Iaoith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino?
noa?onoiiiiai iaoiaeo neio?ii?caoe?? oa oacoaaiiy a nenoaiao
ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo c? cai?ioi?i ca’yceii i?e aeei?enoaii?
aaaaoiiiceoe?eieo /aniaeo eiae?a oa neaiae?a, ?ic?iaea iaoiae?a ?
aeai?eoi?a i?aeaeuaiiy caaaaeino?eeino? no/anieo noa?onoiiieo nenoai
ia?aaeaaaiiy, aecia/aiiy eiia??i?nii-/aniaeo ? noaoenoe/ieo
oa?aeoa?enoee nenoai aeey eaiae?a ?c cina?aaeaeaieie caaaaeaie o /an?.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ?ica’ycaii
oae? caaea/?:

– i?iaaaeaii aiae?c ?nioth/eo iaoiae?a oa i?eno?i?a neio?ii?caoe?? oa
oacoaaiiy a no/anieo nenoaiao ca’yceo;

– i?iaaaeaii aiae?c aeeiai?ee ?iaioe nenoai iiaeaiaioii? oa a?oiiai?
neio?ii?caoe?? aeey ??cieo eean?a caaaae;

– i?iaaaeaii aiae?c niinia?a ciaioaiiy iiieeie oacoaaiiy aeey
noa?onoiiieo nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy aeene?aoii? ?ioi?iaoe??;

– i?iaaaeaii ioe?ithaaiiy nooiaiy aieeao i?eno?i?a neio?ii?caoe?? ia
ye?noue ia?aaeaaaiiy neaiae?a;

– i?iaaaeaii noaoenoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy iioieo iiieeie ? niioai?aiue
?aaeueieo eaiae?a ca’yceo;

– cai?iiiiiaaii aeai?eoie ooieoe?thaaiiy nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy c A*E ia
?ioa?aae? noa?onoiiiiai oeeeeo;

– i?iaaaeaii ioe?ithaaiiy ao?ao i?aaeeueiino? oa oaeaeeino? aoiaeaeaiiy
a neio?ii?ci aeey noa?onoiiieo nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy ia aac? A*E;

– cai?iiiiiaaii aeai?eoie ooieoe?thaaiiy noa?onoiiieo nenoai
ia?aaeaaaiiy aeey aia?aoii? oa i?ia?aiii? ?aae?caoe??.

Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiue. I?e ?ica’ycaii? iinoaaeaii? caaea/? a
aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? aeei?enoaii: iaoiaee iaoaiaoe/ii? noaoenoeee,
oai??y eiia??iinoae oa aeiaaeeiaeo i?ioean?a, oai??y iiiaeei, aeaiaioe
oai??? caaaaeino?eeiai eiaeoaaiiy, oai??y aaaaoiiiceoe?eieo /aniaeo
eiae?a, a oaeiae iaoiaee aiae?co ? iiaeaethaaiiy ia AII.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe. O aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ae?noaii oae? iia?
?acoeueoaoe:

– iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiai?ee ?iaioe nenoai
neio?ii?caoe?? oa oacoaaiiy aeey ??cieo eean?a caaaae;

– iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe noaoenoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue iioieo iiieeie oa
niioai?aiue ?aaeueieo eaiae?a ca’yceo;

– cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaeeeo aeai?o ia?aiao??a A*E i?e aeei?enoaii? a
noa?onoiii?e nenoai? ia?aaeaaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? c? cai?ioiei ca’yceii;

– cai?iiiiiaaii aiae?oe/i? ae?ace aeey ioe?ithaaiiy eiia??iino?
iiieeeiaiai i?eeiaiiy aeaiaio?a eiaeiai? eiino?oeoe?? A*E;

– cai?iiiiiaaii aeai?eoie oacoaaiiy noa?onoiiieo nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy i?e
ia??aiii??ieo neaiaeueieo eiino?oeoe?yo A*E;

– i?iaaaeaii ioe?ithaaiiy ?iaioe i?eno?i?a neio?ii?caoe?? nenoai
ia?aaeaaaiiy ia aac? A*E ? ?ic?aooiie i?aaeeueiino? oa oaeaeeino?
aoiaeaeaiiy a neio?ii?ci;

– iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aei?iaoaaiue noa?onoiiieo nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy
aeaieo i?e ?iaio? ii ?aaeueieo eiiooiaaieo oaeaoiiieo eaiaeao oa o?aeoao
ION;

– ?ic?iaeaii aeai?eoie iiaeaethaaiiy noa?onoiiieo nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy ia
aac? A*E i?e aia?aoi?e oa i?ia?aii?e ?aae?caoe?? i?ioieie?a iai?io
eaiaeueiiai ??aiy.

I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe. Cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaeeeo e ae?noaii
aiae?oe/i? ae?ace uiaei ?ic?aooieo eiia??i?nieo oa /aniaeo ia?aiao??a
i?eno?i?a neio?ii?caoe?? oa oacoaaiiy nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo.
Nenoaiaoeciaaii noaoenoe/iee iaoa??ae uiaei aeine?aeaeaiiy iioieo
iiieeie oa niioai?aiue ?aaeueiiai eaiaeo ca’yceo. Cai?iiiiiaaii
aeai?eoie iiaeaethaaiiy neaiae?a A*E a noa?onoiiieo nenoaiao
ia?aaeaaaiiy. ?ic?iaeai? aeai?eoie nenoai ia aac? A*N aeiaaaeaii aei
i?aeoe/ii? i?ia?aiii? ?aae?caoe??.

?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeathoue ciiao i?aeaeueoe
aoaeoeai?noue noa?onoiiiiai iaoiaeo neio?ii?caoe?? oa oacoaaiiy a
nenoaiao ia?aaeaaaiiy ca ?aooiie eiia?iiaaiiai iaoiaeo caoenoo a?ae
iiieeie ia iniia? A*N.

?aae?caoe?y ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe. Caeiaoo? a ?iaio? ?acoeueoaoe
aeei?enoaii i?e aeeiiaii? ia eaoaae?? aeieoiaioaeueiiai aeaeo?ica’yceo
Oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? ca’yceo ?i. I.N. Iiiiaa iaoeiai?
oaie: “I?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy eaiae?a ? nenoai ca’yceo”.

A??ia?aei?noue caeiaooeo ?acoeueoao?a a ?iaio? i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny
?acoeueoaoaie noaoenoe/ieo aei??thaaiue oa aei?iaoaaiue nenoai
ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo ia ?aaeueieo eiiooiaaieo eaiaeao i?nueei? oaeaoiiii?
ia?aae?.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiai? oai?aoe/i? oa i?aeoe/i? ?acoeueoaoe
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ?icaeyiooi e iaaiai?aii ia iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo
OAeAC ?i. I.N. Iiiiaa oa nai?ia?ao eaoaae?e aeieoiaioaeueiiai
aeaeo?ica’yceo.

Ioae?eaoe??. C oaie aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iioae?eiaaii /ioe?e iaoeiaeo
i?aoe?.

Ianya ? no?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio,
/ioe?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a oa nieneo e?oa?aoo?e. ?iaioa i?noeoue 218
noi??iie oaenoo, 59 ?enoie?a, 9 noi??iie a?ae?ia?ao?? (99
iaeiaioaaiue), aeiaeaoie ia 26 noi??ieao.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno:

– Aiae?c iaoiae?a oa i?eno?i?a neio?ii?caoe?? oa oacoaaiiy o
noa?onoiiieo nenoaiao ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo.

– Aiae?c iaoiae?a i?aeaeuaiiy oi/iino? oacoaaiiy ? niinia?a ciaioaiiy
iiieeie oacoaaiiy o noa?onoiiieo nenoaiao.

– Aeai?eoie oa aiae?oe/i? ae?ace aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy
aaaaoiiiceoe?eieo /aniaeo eiae?a o noa?onoiiieo nenoaiao.

– Aiae?oe/i? ae?ace aeey ?ic?aooieo ia?aiao??a neaiaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e
A*N c o?aooaaiiyi ia?aiao??a ?aaeueieo eaiae?a ca’yceo.

– Aeai?eoie ooieoe?thaaiiy noa?onoiiieo nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo i?e
aia?aoi?e ? i?ia?aii?e ?aae?caoe?? i?ioieie?a iai?io.

Ci?no ?iaioe

O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiue, ui
i?iaaaeyoueny, ?ice?eaa?oueny noai ieoaiiy, oi?ioeth?oueny iaoa
aeine?aeaeaiue, iaa?oioiao?oueny aeioe?euei?noue aeei?enoaiiy
aaaaoiiiceoe?eieo /aniaeo neaiae?a a nenoaiao ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo,
iaaiaeyoueny ei?ioeee ci?no aeena?oaoe??, iniiai? iaoeia? oa i?aeoe/i?
?acoeueoaoe.

A ia?oiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyaeathoueny caaaeuei? ieoaiiy neio?ii?caoe??, ye
iiaeaiaioii?, oae ? a?oiiai?, a oaeiae niiniae oi?ioaaiiy iii?ieo
neaiae?a neio?ii?caoe?? oa ye?ni? iieacieee aeey ??cieo nenoai
ia?aaeaaaiiy.

I?iaaaeeoueny aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao iiieeee neio?ii?caoe?? ia ye?noue
?iaioe nenoaie. ?icaeyaea?oueny nenoaia neio?ii?caoe?? ia m eaiae?a ?
aecia/a?oueny eiia??i?noue aeyaeaiiy neio?iaeaiaioa “iaeeieoe?” ca
oiiae, ui iiieeea ?ici?ciaaaiiy neiaie?a aei??aith? 0,01.

O caaaeueiiio aeiaaeeo eiia??i?noue iiieeeiaiai aecia/aiiy oace
neio?ineaiaeo iiaea aooe aecia/aia ye

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320abd019012010000005d0015000000fb0280fe00000000000090010000000004020010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,

aea m – /enei eaiae?a nenoaie; na – /enei oeeee?a, ui aiae?cothoueny.

Ca caaeaieo oiia i?eeiaiiy eiia??i?noue aeyaeaiiy i?eeiaiiy “iaeeieoe?”
a k-io eaiae? Pk = 0,99, a iaaeyaeaiiy – qk = 0,01; eiia??i?noue
aeyaeaiiy a i-io eaiae? Pi = 0,5 ? a?aeiia?aeii qi = 0,5 (ca oiiae
??aiieiia??iiai iiyaeaiiy “1” oa “0” ia i iiceoe?yo).

Iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooieo caeaaeiino? eiia??iino? iiieeee a?ae
/enea oeeee?a na aeey eiaeiaiai neiaa a 10 neiaie?a (m = 10).
Eiia??i?noue iiieeee oacoaaiiy ?iii o iaae?a? cia/aiiy a?ae 310-2 (i?e
na = 10) aei 3,210-7 (i?e na = 30).

Iieacaii, ui iaoiae aecia/aiiy neioaciiai noaio nenoaie ca iciaeith
“ia?iino?” ca ??aieo oiia i?eeiaiiy iinooia?oueny o a?aeiioaii?
eiia??iino? iiieeee ca iaoiaeii neio?ii?caoe?? ca niaoe?aeueiei
neiaieii. I?e neio?ii?caoe?? ca “ia?i?noth” iio??aai i?eaeecii aaea?/?
a?eueoee ?ioa?aae ona?aaeiaiiy (?iii o = 410-6 i?e na = 50). Ioaea,
iie?ioaiiy caaaaeicaoeuaiino? aeinyaa?oueny oeyoii iineeaiiy
naeaeooth/i? iciaee neio?iaeaiaioa, ? oea iiaeeeai eeoa a ?ac?, eiee
aeaiaioe, ui aiie caaacia/othoue neio?iiciaeo, iathoue aeineoue neeaaeio
no?oeoo?o, yea cae?i/o? aaeeeee ianya ?ioi?iaoe??.

I?eaiaeeoueny ioe?ithaaiiy aieeao iiieeee neio?ii?caoe?? ia ye?noue
ia?aaeaaaiiy ?ioi?iaoe??. Caeiaooi aiae?oe/i? ae?ace iiieeeiaiai
aecia/aiiy oace neaiaeueii? eiino?oeoe??. ?ic?aooiee aeeiiothoueny aeey
i?yiieooiiai, aecaiiiiiae?aiiai oa o?eeooiiai ?iioeuen?a.

C i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue c?iaeaii aeniiaie, ui a oeeo?iaeo nenoaiao
ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo c aaeeeei ??aiai caaaae, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoueny
aaeeeeie cia/aiiyie eiia??iino? iiieeeiaiai i?eeiaiiy (?iii 10-2),
iiieeee neio?ii?caoe?? ia ni?aaeythoue ?noioiiai aieeao ia ye?noue
ia?aaeaaaiiy. Aieea iiieeie neio?ii?caoe?? ia aaee/eio ?iii ??cei
c?inoa? a eaiaeao (iniaeeai iaeiiooiaaieo), ?ic?aoiaaieo ia iaeee
??aaiue caaaae (iniaeeai ca neaiae?a i?yiieooii? oi?ie).

?icaeyaeathoueny niiniae neio?ii?caoe?? a noa?onoiiieo nenoaiao
ia?aaeaaaiiy. I?aaenoaaeaii aeai?eoi ?iaioe noa?onoiiiiai i?eeia/a ?c
caoenoii a?ae oeaiiai noa?oo, ui aea? ciiao cieceoe eiia??i?noue iiieeee
oacoaaiiy. Iaaiaeyoueny aeine?aeaeaiiy aeai?eoio oacoaaiiy a
noa?onoiiieo nenoaiao ia?aaeaaaiiy. Caeiaooi ae?ace c aecia/aiiy
?iciiae?eo eiia??iino? oacoaaiiy ca iiia?ii oeeeeo e iiaoaeiaaii
caeaaeiino? /ano aoiaeaeaiiy a oaco noa?onoiiii? nenoaie a?ae o?eaaeino?
oeeeeo.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyaeathoueny iniaeeaino? oacoaaiiy nenoai
ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo i?e aeei?enoaii? aaaaoiiiceoe?eieo /aniaeo neaiae?a
oa eiae?a.

Iaoiae oi?ioaaiiy neaiae?a A*E a?oioo?oueny ia iaeeaaeaii? i?eioeeio
aaaaoiiiceoe?eiino? ia /aniaa iieiaeaiiy cia/oueo iiiaio?a iiaeoeyoe??
(CII) aeaiaio?a eiaeiai? eiia?iaoe?? c? caa?aaeaiiyi i?i?iaeueii
i?eionoeiiai ?ioa?aaeo iii?ae ieie n 0. Nooue aeaiiai iaoiaeo iieyaa? a
oiio, ui ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i ia?aaeaaaiee neiaie caeeaaeaia ia o aeaeyae?
neaiaeo ia iaeeie/iiio aeaiaio? 0, a a i?noe? ia?aaoaaiiy caaeaii?
e?eueeino? CII ia ?ioa?aae? /ano O0 = m, S = 0, aea m – aeaiaioi?noue
?ic?yaeii-oeeo?iaiai eiaeo; – o?eaae?noue aeaiaioa A*E; S – /enei
aeaiaio?a ia ?ioa?aae? 0.

Aeey iiaoaeiae eiaeiaeo eiino?oeoe?e A*E iio??aia iayai?noue caoenieo
cii, ca ye? iiaeooue neoaoaaoe aeaiaioe noa?o oa noii ia ii/aoeo ?
iai?ee?ioe? noa?onoiiiiai oeeeeo. Aecia/aii /enei ?aae?caoe?e Np
eiaeiaeo ne?a, ye aeey i?inoiai, oae ? aeey iaaeeeoeiaiai A*E.

Iiaeaii caeaaeiino? o?eaaeino? neaiaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e ca caaeaii?
iiooaeiino? eiaeiai? iiiaeeie oa ia?aiao?a S.

I?iioneia caeaoi?noue Nm aeey eaiaeo i?e aeei?enoaii? A*E

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000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500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,

aea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 aecia/a? ao?aoe a eaiae? ca ?aooiie
iaaecia/aiino? i?e i?eeiaii? A*E; ?i?aa – eiia??i?noue i?aaeeueiiai
i?eeiaiiy neaiaeueii? eiino?oeoe?? A*E.

Caeiaooi caeaaeiino? i?iioneii? caeaoiino? eaiae?a c ??ciei ??aiai
oeoeooaoe?eieo ooi?a ye ooieoe?y S.

I?iaaaeaii ii??aiyeueia ioe?ithaaiiy ?ic?yaeii-oeeo?iaeo oa
aaaaoiiiceoe?eieo /aniaeo eiae?a aeey eaiae?a c ??ciei ??aiai caaaae.

Aeey i?inoiai A*E c o?ueiia CII ia ?ioa?aae? oeeeeo O0 = 6,50
eiia??i?noue caieoo aeey nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo c ACC noaiiaeoue
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,

a aeey eiaeo ?c neiae?iiiei aeyaeaiiyi iiieeie

picscalex1000100090000030e0200000300170000000000050000000902000000000400
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00000b0200000000050000000c020005e0171200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000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,

aea ?ia iii = ?2(1)?(2) – eiia??i?noue iaaeyaeaiiy iiieeee aeaio CII ia
iaeia cia/aiiy oa iaeiiai CII ia aeaa ; O(o) – ?ioaa?ae eiia??iinoae.

Iieacaii, ui aeey eaiaeo c aaonniaith caaaaeith canoinoaaiiy A*E ?c
neiae?iiiei aeyaeaiiyi iiieeie ? a?eueo aoaeoeaia, i?ae canoinoaaiiy
?OeE.

I?iaaaeaii ioe?ithaaiiy aieeao i?eno?i?a neio?ii?caoe?? ia ye?noue
ia?aaeaaaiiy a nenoaiao IAe ia aac? A*N. *an i?aeo?eiaiiy neio?ii?caoe??
aecia/a?oueny c o?aooaaiiyi aei?aaeyth/i? caeaoiino?:

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000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500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,

aea F – oe?eia eaiaeo; Ein – eiao?oe??io ianoaa?eueiino? aaia?aoi?a.

?icaeyaea?oueny ieoaiiy canoinoaaiiy ia??aiii??ieo A*N ? iaaiaeyoueny
ia?aiao?e nenoai oacoaaiiy ca iayaiino? ae?iaeaiue neaiaeo. I?iaaaeaii
iioei?caoe?th ie?aieo ia?aiao??a A*N i?e noa?onoiiiiio iaoiae? ei?aeoe??
oa aaonnia?e caaaae?.

I?iioneia caeaoi?noue eaiaeo N c o?aooaaiiyi /enea ?aae?caoe?e aeoaa?oo
A*E ? eiia??iino? i?eeiaiiy neaiaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e aecia/aia ae?acii

picscalex100010009000003e50200000300170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02e003402b1200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb8ffffff002b0000980300000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000c00009000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
0002e60205000000130200020c0510000000fb0270fde300000000009001000000020002
001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01010008000000320a5c024305010000005b001000
0000fb0270fde300000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01
020004000000f001010008000000320a5c02af2a010000005d0015000000fb0280fe0000
000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00009e04000000
2d01010004000000f001020008000000320a6002262a01000000290008000000320a6002
aa25010000002f0008000000320a60020a2201000000280009000000320a60023f1f0300
00006c6f670008000000320a6002431a01000000290008000000320a60020b1501000000
280009000000320a60024012030000006c6f670008000000320a60029211010000002900
08000000320a60025a0c01000000280009000000320a6002f705030000006c6f67000800
0000320a6002a30501000000200015000000fb02e0fe0000000000009001000000000402
001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00009e040000002d01020004000000f0010100
08000000320ac0028f2701000000700015000000fb02e0fe0000000000009001000000cc
0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00cc9e040000002d01010004000000f001
020009000000320ac0025a2303000000efeeec0009000000320ac002fb1c03000000ef6f
ec0009000000320ac002291803000000efeeec0009000000320ac002780f03000000efee
ec0015000000fb02e0fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720
526f6d616e00009e040000002d01020004000000f001010008000000320ac002290a0100
0000700017000000fb0280fe0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e2043797200cc9d040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320a
60028a2901000000310008000000320a60025f1501000000310008000000320a6002ae0c
01000000310017000000fb02e0fe0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d657320
4e657720526f6d616e2043797200cc9d040000002d01020004000000f001010008000000
320ac0023d2101000000320008000000320ac0023e1401000000320008000000320ac002
f50701000000320010000000fb0280fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d62
6f6c0002040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320a6002a028010000002d00
08000000320a60020f1b010000002b0008000000320a60024316010000002d0008000000
320a6002920d010000002d0008000000320a60023a0b010000002b0008000000320a6e01
000301000000440008000000320a6002a801010000003d0015000000fb0280fe00000000
00009001010000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00009e040000002d01
020004000000f001010008000000320a60026a26010000004e0008000000320a6002a022
01000000500008000000320a6002411c01000000500008000000320a60026f1701000000
500008000000320a6002be0e01000000500008000000320a60020409010000004e000800
0000320a8c037203010000006d0008000000320a6e01ea0301000000460008000000320a
60022e000100000043000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb02
1000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d0101000400
0000f001020003000000000000000000000000000000,

a eiia??i?noue iiieeeiaiai i?eeiaiiy neaiaeueii? eiino?oeoe?? ia
?ioa?aae? noa?onoiiiiai oeeeeo Oo aei??aith?
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,

aea ?0 – eiia??i?noue iiieeeiaiai i?eeiaiiy iaeiiai CII c o?aooaaiiyi
ia?aaaae a eaiae?;
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 – na?aaei? /enei CII a eiaeiaiio neia? A*E, a
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.

Aeine?aeaeaii e iiaoaeiaaii caeaaeiino? N = f(S) aeey ??cieo cia/aiue ,
m, i?e a = 2,5 oa a = 3,5; Ein = 10-2.

Caeiaooi iioeiaeuei? cia/aiiy S, ca yeeo cia/aiiy i?iioneii? caeaoiino?
? iaeneiaeueiei. Aiae?c caeiaooeo ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaa,
ui iaea?eueoiai aieeao ia i?iioneio caeaoi?noue ni?aaeythoue oa a ca
o?eniaaieo cia/aiue = 4,66.

O?ao?e ?icae?e i?enay/aii aiae?co noaoenoeee iioieo iiieeie ? iioieo
niioai?aiue ia ?aaeueieo eiiooiaaieo oaeaoiiieo eaiaeao oa o?aeoao ION c
iaoith iioei?caoe?? A*E e ioe?ithaaiith ?oi?o eiia??i?nii-/aniaeo
ia?aiao??a.

C aeei?enoaiiyi ?ic?iaeaii? ia eaoaae?? AeAC iaoiaeeee i?ia?aiiiai
caaacia/aiiy e ia?iaee iioieo iiieeie i?iaaaeaii noaoenoe/i?
aei??thaaiiy ia ?aaeueieo eaiaeao ca’yceo.

?ic?iaeai? i?ia?aie aeathoue ciiao ia iniia? iiaeaiaioiiai aiae?co
iioieo iiieeie i?iaaaeeoe aei/iee iaia?a?aiee aiae?c oa ?ic?aooiie
iniiaieo eiia??i?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee, oaeeo, ye: ?0 – /ano?noue iiieeie
ca aeaiaioaie, /ano?noue iiyae iiieeeiaiai aeiea ?( 1, q) aeiaaeeie q,
?iciiae?e /anoino? iiyae o aeioe? q caaeaii? e?aoiino? iiieeie P(k, q) –
?iciiae?e iaeao?a iiieeie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 oa ?ioa?aae?a
iii?ae iaeaoaie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, a oaeiae eiao?oe??io , ui
oa?aeoa?eco? nooi?iue a?oioaaiiy iiieeie.

Iaaiaeyoueny ?acoeueoaoe noaoenoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue iioieo iiieeie i?e
ia?aaeaaaii? aeene?aoii? ?ioi?iaoe?? eiiooiaaieie oaeaoiiieie
eaiaeaie ca oaeaeeino? ia?aaeaaaiiy

50 – 200 Aiae c aeei?enoaiiyi noaiaea?oieo iiaeai?a na???
V.21, V.23 (IIN-IIAeAI-

EI-1200), ?aeiiaiaeiaaieo IEEOO. Aeathoueny ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei
iioeiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy niaeo?a eiiooiaaieo oaeaoiiieo eaiae?a ?
c?iaeaii aeniiaie i?i oa, ui iniiaiith i?e/eiith iiyae iiieeie ?
ae?iaeaiiy.

Aeey ioe?iee nooiaiy aieeao ae?iaeaiue aeey aeine?aeaeoaaieo eaiae?a
ia?aeaeueii i?iaaaeeeenue noaoenoe/i? aei??thaaiiy ia?aiao??a ae?iaeaiue
i?e ia?aaeaaaii? eaiaeii neaiae?a “iaeeieoe?” ? “ioey” i?e i?aai?caoe??
o?aeoo c ??cieie IIN.

I?iaaaeaii ?ic?aooiee tia? i? – /ano ia?ao?aeiiai i?ioeano e aecia/aii
eiia??iino? iiieeee i?e i?eeiaii? iaeeie/ieo aeaiaio?a aeey
aeine?aeaeoaaieo eaiae?a.

Anoaiiaeaii noaoenoe/io caeaaei?noue iii?ae o?eaae?noth ae?iaeaiue oa
?ioa?aaeaie o?aaeaiiy neaiaeo ?iioeueniith caaaaeith. ?ic?aooiie /ano
o?aaeaiiy caaaaeith aecia/aii ye
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,

aea S0 – niaeo?aeueia aonoeia caaaaee;

f – aoaeoeaia nioaa /anoio o?aeoo.

Ai?iaaaeeaoe eiao?oe??io H = ucaa/uc ? iiaeaaoe uc = 2S0f, 2f = 1/0,
ae?noa?ii

t = 0ln H.

Ae?noaii ae?ac aeey ?ic?aooieo eiao?oe??ioa a?oioaaiiy iiieeie
aeene?aoiiai eaiaeo
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,

aea
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q – aeiaaeeia aeine?aeaeoaaiiai aeiea;

P0 – /ano?noue iiieeie ii aeaiaioao;

nia? – /enei ia?aaeaaaieo aeaiaio?a ca /an O;
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 –
na?aaeiy aeiaaeeia iaeaoa;

?iae = [1–(1–P0)q] – eiia??i?noue iiyae iaeaoa iiieeie.

I?iaaaeaii aeine?aeaeaiiy ci?uaiiy CII aeey aeai?o iioeiaeueieo
ia?aiao??a oa ioe?ithaaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy aaaaoiiiceoe?eiiai
/aniaiai eiaeo. ?a?no?aoe?y CIA i?iaaaeeeanue aeene?aoieie a?aee?eaie
/a?ac 1% i?e i?ia?aii?e ?aae?caoe?? aeai?eoio aei??thaaiue ia IAII. A
aeiaeaoeao iaaiaeyoueny i?ia?aie ia?iaee iioieo iiieeie oa niioai?aiue
ia Ianeae? oa Anaiaea??.

?icaeyiooi niin?a iai?yiiai ioe?ithaaiiy yeino? ia?aaeaaaiiy eiaeiaeo
eiia?iaoe?e A*E i?e eiio?ie? /enea CIA ia ?ioa?aae? noa?onoiiiiai
oeeeeo.

Caeiaooi aiae?oe/i? ae?ace aeey aecia/aiiy eiia??iino? iiyae CIA a
eiio?ieueieo ciiao eiaeiaiai neiaa A*E /a?ac ae?iaeaiiy neaiaeo.
Eiia??i?noue ia?acaieoo ciaeo i?e eiio?ie? /enea CIA aecia/a?oueny
?ioaineai?noth ae?iaeaiue oa ia?aiao?aie eaiaeo ca’yceo ? aeey eaiae?a c
??ciith ?ioaineai?noth caaaae neeaaea? a?ae 710-3 aei 710-2.

A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyaeathoueny ieoaiiy ?ic?iaee aeai?eoi?a ?
niinia?a neio?ii?caoe?? o noa?onoiiieo nenoaiao ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo.
I?iaaaeeoueny aiae?c iecee aeai?eoi?a aeey ciaioaiiy iiieeie oacoaaiiy
aeey noa?onoiiiiai iaoiaeo neio?ii?caoe??.

I?e aeei?enoaii? ia?oiai aeai?eoio any ?ioi?iaoe?y, ui iaaeoiaeeoue c
eaiaeo ca’yceo o aeaeyae? CIA, caieno?oueny a aeie iai’yo? ? ia?aeaeueii
i?aoeththoue noaie aiae?co oaciaeo iciae. Oa c? noai aiae?co, ia aeoiae?
yei? iae/ano?oa aeeiiothoueny oiiae ia?aa??ee noaio oace, ia?aaoaa? o
neioaciiio noai?.

Ae?oaee aeai?eoi a?oioo?oueny ia oi?ioaaii? o?ueio cii oaciai? iciaee
i?e iiaeiaaeaii? oeeeeo ?iaioe i?eeiaeueiiai ?iciiae?ethaa/a. Eiaeiee
noa?oiaee CIA, ui iaaeoiaeeoue c eaiaeo ca’yceo, caiai’yoiao?oueny a
iai’yo?. I?e oeueiio aeie?aieth?oueny ciia i/?eoaaiiy /a?aiaiai CIA.
sseui a /a?aiaiio oeeee? a cii? i/?eoaaiiy noa?oo ia?ao?ae ia iaae?eoia,
oi caioneaiiy i?eeiaeueiiai ?iciiae?ethaa/a i?iaaaeeoueny caienaiei o
iai’yo? noa?oii iiia?aaeiueiai oeeeeo. Aiae?c ci?uaiiy noa?oiaiai
ia?aoiaeo aea? ciiao aeiineoe ??oaiiy i?i i?aeno?ithaaiiy
?iciiae?ethaa/a a oie /e ?ioee a?e.

Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui canoinoaaiiy A*E o noa?onoiiieo nenoaiao IAe c
?ica’ycoaaeueiei cai?ioiei ca’yceii aeicaiey? ae?noaoe aeiaeaoeiao
?ioi?iaoe?th i?i noai oace ca ?aooiie ca’yceo iii?ae i?noeyie
ia?aaoaaiiy CII Aixi = 0 (mod A0). Iiyao aoaeue-yei? eiaeiai?
eiia?iaoe?? A*E, ui ia aoiaeeoue aei neeaaeo aeicaieaieo eiaeiaeo ne?a,
iiaeia ?icaeyaeaoe ye ii/aoeiao oaco ?icoacoaaiiy nenoaie. Cai?iaaaeeaoe
aeiaeaoeiaee aiae?c oace ca ?ioaineai?noth iiyae neaiae?a noe?aiiy ?
eiio?ieth i?noeue iieiaeaiiy cia/oueo iiiaio?a a?aeiiaeaiiy a ciiao
aiae?co, iiaeia c?aae?coaaoe i?inoo noaio neio?ii?caoe?? oa oacoaaiiy
i?e iiciaeiaiio caoeno? ?ioi?iaoe?? a oe?eiio.

Aeei?enoaiiy neaiae?a A*E ?noioii ci?ith? aeiiae aei nenoai
neio?ii?caoe??, ine?eueee iio??aia /anoioa oaeoiaeo neaiae?a iaaaaaoi
aeua ca ia?oo aa?iii?eo neaiae?a ia aeoiae? eaiaeo, ui ca?eueoo? aieea
noaa?eueiino? aaia?aoi?a i?eeiaeueiiai iaeaaeiaiiy ia ye?noue i?eeiaiiy.
Na?aaei? cia/aiiy oaeoiai? /anoioe aeey nenoaie c A*E aecia/a?oueny ye
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,

aea F – nioaa i?iioneaiiy eaiaeo; i – /enei CII ia ?ioa?aae? /ano T0 =
m0, a i?i?iaeueia o?eaae?noue iiaoi?thaaiiai ia?a?eaaiiy, ui aeeeeea?
c?ea neio?ii?caoe?? ca N ia??iae?a aaia?aoi?a,

picscalex100010009000003f60100000300170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02e00460101200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffa1ffffff20100000810400000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000100109000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
60022a040500000013026002850f15000000fb0280fe0000000000009001000000000402
001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00000d040000002d01010008000000320ac002
bb0f010000002c0008000000320aec03f30e01000000290008000000320aec0342060100
0000280015000000fb02e0fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e00000d040000002d01020004000000f001010008000000320a4c045c0c
01000000700015000000fb02e0fe0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d657320
4e657720526f6d616e00cc0d040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320a4c04
080901000000f20015000000fb02e0fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d65
73204e657720526f6d616e00000d040000002d01020004000000f001010008000000320a
e501710a01000000700015000000fb02e0fe0000000000009001000000cc040200105469
6d6573204e657720526f6d616e00cc0d040000002d01010004000000f001020009000000
320a2003ac0003000000efe5f00017000000fb0280fe0000000000009001000000cc0402
001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200cc0d040000002d01020004000000
f001010008000000320aec03570e01000000310008000000320aec03ba06010000003200
08000000320aec03320401000000320010000000fb0280fe000000000000900100000002
0002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320aec03
6d0d010000002d0008000000320aec038c0701000000440008000000320ac002ec020100
00003d0015000000fb0280fe0000000000009001010000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e00000d040000002d01020004000000f001010009000000320aec03b709
030000004453540008000000320aec03760801000000660008000000320aec0316050100
00004e0008000000320a85018c0802000000445408000000320ac0022e00010000007400
0a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02
000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f001020003000000
0000000000000000000000ffffff

aea fo – aeaa?aoe?y /anoioe aaia?aoi?a;

D =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, a O? = (2O0 – ) – ia??iae ?aaoethaaiiy.

Caeiaooee ae?ac tia? aea? ciiao i?iaaaeeoe ?ic?aooiie nenoaie
neio?ii?caoe??, aeoiaey/e c ia?aiao??a neaiaeo A*E oa oa?aeoa?enoee
eaiaeo ca’yceo.

I?iaaaeaii aeine?aeaeaiiy ao?ao i?aaeeueiino? ia?aaeaaaiiy i?e ii?ooaii?
oeeeeiai? neio?ii?caoe??.

Ciath/e ooieoe?th ?iciiae?eo ci?uaiiy m-ai oeeeeo a ciiao aneioaciino?,
iiaeia aecia/eoe ao?aoe i?aaeeueiino? i?e ia?aaeaaaii? aeene?aoieo
neaiae?a
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,

aea P(j/i) – eiia??i?noue iiieeeiaiai i?eeiaiiy j-ai aeaiaioa i?e
ci?uaii? oeeeeo ia aaee/eio i; P(k) – eiia??i?noue caioneo i?eeia/a a
k-e cii? aneioaciino?;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 – eiia??i?noue caioneo i?eeia/a a i-e cii?, ca oiiae eiai
ii/aoeiaiai caioneo a k-e cii?.

I?iaaaeaii ioe?ithaaiiy oaeaeeino? aoiaeaeaiiy a oaco noa?onoiiieo
nenoai.

Caeiaooi ae?ace aeey eiia??iino? ia?aaoaaiiy i?eeia/a a neioaciiio noai?
c?aco i?ney aa?ieiaiiy oa a m-io oeeee? i?ney aa?ieiaiiy i?e
ia?aaeaaaii? aeoaa?oo eiia?iaoe?e A*E c iino?eiei /eneii CII.

?acoeueoaoe aiae?co iieacothoue, ui i?e aeei?enoaii? A*E c i = 3
eiia??i?noue ia?aoiaeo iaei??? aeicaieaii? eiia?iaoe?? a ?ioo noaiiaeoue
2,1410-2. Oea a?aeiia?aea? eiia??iino? ia?aaoaaiiy i?eeia/a a neioaciiio
noai? a (k+1)-io oeeee?
Pk+1(E/picscalex100010009000003a6000000030017000000000005000000090200000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) =
0,9787, a c ?iia??i?noth 0,994 noa?onoiiia nenoaia, ui aeei?enoiao? A*E,
aa?eaea o oaco c ae?oaiai oeeeeo i?ney aa?ieiaiiy, ui aaea?/?-ao?e/?
oaeaeoa ca cae/aei? nenoaie, ui aeei?enoiaothoue eiaee IOA-2 oa EIE-7.

I?e aeei?enoaii? eiaeo IOA-2 na?aaeiy e?euee?noue oeeee?a aeey
a?aeiiaeaiiy oeeeeiai? neio?ii?caoe?? noaiiaeoue a = 3,5 ( = 1,5), a
eiia??i?noue aeoiaeo noa?onoiiiiai i?eeia/a c oace ?aeo = 2,610-4 ca
eiia??iino? iiieeeiaiai i?eeiaiiy aeaiaio?a oa eiaeiaiai ciaeo
a?aeiia?aeii ?0 = 2,510-3 oa ?ee = 810-3.

sse iieacothoue aeine?aeaeaiiy i?eno?i?a oacoaaiiy noa?onoiiieo nenoai,
ui aeei?enoiaothoue A*E c i = 3, eiia??i?noue aeoiaeo i?eeia/a c oace
?aeo=310-5, ui ? ia ii?yaeie aeua, i?ae aeey nenoai, ye?
aeei?enoiaothoue i?ino? eiaee IOA.

?icaeyaeathoueny aeai?eoie ooieoe?thaaiiy noa?onoiiii? nenoaie ia aac?
A*E i?e ou?eueiaii? e ?icae?eaii? aeaea?ae ?ioi?iaoe??.

Cai?iiiiiaaii noa?onoiiio nenoaio IAe c A*E c eiaeiaei ?icae?eaiiyi o
/an? aeaio aeaea?ae ?ioi?iaoe??. Iiaeaii aeai?eoie aeey i?ia?aiii?
?aae?caoe?? ia?aaeaaaeueiiai oa i?eeiaeueiiai i?ioieie?a iai?io
noa?onoiiii? nenoaie.

I?iaaaeyoueny aeine?aeaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino? canoinoaaiiy noa?onoiiiiai
i?ioieieo eaiaeueiiai ??aiy ?NI ? 1745, caoaa?aeaeaiiai I?aeia?iaeiith
i?aai?caoe??th ii noaiaea?oao, i?e aeei?enoaii? ?OeNE oa A*E.

A oaaeeoe? iaaaaeaii iniiai? ia?aiao?e nenoaie c aeieiaei caoenoii aeey
?OeNE (/enaeueiee) oa A*E (ciaiaiiee) i?e ?iaio? eaiaeaie ?c
cina?aaeaeaieie caaaaeaie.
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?aepicscalex100010009000003c60000000300170000000000050000000902000000000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 Ri Ra V?io 15 1,06/1,10
0,93/0,95 23,5/24,5 0,63/0,6 0,55/1,13 15,9/28,0 30 1,09/1,11 0,91/0,94
40,3/41,1 0,74/0,71 0,64/1,32 18,6/34,0 45 1,11/1,06 0,9/0,93 58/55,0
0,77/0,81 0,66/1,47 19,7/38,0

sse iieacothoue i?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy, a eaiaeao ?c cina?aaeaeaieie
caaaaeaie canoinoaaiiy A*E c aei?aaeaiiyi iiieeie i?e caa?aaeaii?
aeai?eoio i?ioieieo iai?io ?NI ? 1745 aea? ciiao ca?eueoeoe aoaeoeaio
oaeaee?noue ia?aaeaaaiiy nenoaie aaea?/?-ao?e/?, a aeey eaiaeo c
aaonniaith caaaaeith aoaeoeaio oaeaee?noue iiaeia ca?eueoeoe a 1,3…1,4
?ace, caaacia/oth/e i?e oeueiio caaeai? aeiiae uiaei i?aaeeueiino?
ia?aaeaaaiiy eiaeiaiai ciaeo eaae?a eaiaeueiiai ??aiy.

O aeniiaeo noi?ioeueiaaii iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?aoa?iaaii? ?iaioe:

1. Iaaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiai?ee ?iaioe nenoai
neio?ii?caoe?? aeey ??cieo eean?a caaaae.

2. Cai?iiiiiaaii aeai?eoie oacoaaiiy noa?onoiiieo nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy
i?e ia??aiii??ieo neaiaeueieo eiino?oeoe?yo A*E.

3. Cai?iiiiiaaii aiae?oe/i? ae?ace aeey ioe?ithaaiiy eiia??iino?
iiieeeiaiai i?eeiaiiy aeaiaio?a eiino?oeoe?? A*E.

4. Cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiaeeeo aeai?o ia?aiao??a A*E i?e aeei?enoaii? a
noa?onoiii?e nenoai? ia?aaeaaaiiy c? cai?ioiei ca’yceii.

5. I?iaaaeaii ioe?ithaaiiy aoaeoeaiino? eiio?ieth yeino? ia?aaeaaaiiy ca
/eneii CIA a eiaeia?e eiia?iaoe??.

6. I?iaaaeaii aiae?c noaoenoeee ?aaeueieo eaiae?a ca’yceo ieciaeo eaiie
ANE ? aeaii ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei iioeiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy niaeo?a
eiiooiaaieo oaeaoiiieo eaiae?a.

7. Caeiaooi aiae?oe/i? ae?ace aeey aecia/aiiy eiia??iino? iiyae CIA o
eiio?ieueieo ciiao eiaeiaiai neiaa A*E.

8. I?iaaaeaii ioe?ithaaiiy ao?ao i?aaeeueiino? oa oaeaeeino? aoiaeaeaiiy
a neio?ii?ci nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy c A*E.

9. Cai?iiiiiaaii aeai?eoie ooieoe?thaaiiy noa?onoiiieo nenoai
ia?aaeaaaiiy i?e aia?aoi?e oa i?ia?aii?e ?aae?caoe?? i?ioieie?a iai?io.

Ca ?acoeueoaoaie i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue iioae?eiaaii oae? ?iaioe:

1. Auaiei A.E., Eaethaeiue A.A., Eiia E.A., Oaiaee Aiaeaeaae THnao.
Ia?aiao?u nenoai ia?aaea/e aeene?aoiie eioi?iaoeee ia aaca
ia?aaiiia?iuo IAN. Aeai. A AIOA Oe?aeiu. 06.05.96. ? 1147.

2. Caoa?/aiei I.A., Ceiaiei A.A., Oaiaee Aiaeaeaae THnao. Ia?aiao?u
nenoaiu neio?iiecaoeee a noa?onoiiiuo nenoaiao ia aaca IAE / Eioi?iaoeea
e naycue: Na. iao/. o?. OAAN ei. A.N. Iiiiaa. – Iaeanna, 1996. – N. 120
– 125.

3. Ei?/eineee A.A., Aaeaea? A.I., Oaiaee Aiaeaeaae THnao. Caaeneiinoue
ae?iaeaiee neaiaeia io nea/eiia?aciiai caieaeaiey o?iaiy / Eioi?iaoeea e
naycue: Na. iao/. o?. OAAN ei. A.N. Iiiiaa. – Iaeanna, 1998. – N. 214 –
216.

4. Ceiaiei A.A., Oeaaa A.I., Oaiaee Aiaeaeaae THnao. Caaeneiinoue
ioeai/iiai i?eaia neaiaeueiie eiino?oeoeee io aaee/eiu a?oiie?iaaiey
ioeaie a nenoaiao n ?IN / Eioi?iaoeea e naycue: Na. iao/. o?. OAAN ei.
A.N. Iiiiaa. – Iaeanna, 1998. – N. 217 – 219.

?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe aeei?enoaii i?e ?ic?iaoe? eaai?aoi?iiai c?acea
nenoaie ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo, a oaeiae o iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean? OAeAC ?i.
I.N. Iiiiaa. An? ?acoeueoaoe, ui aecia/athoue iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe,
aaoi? caeiaoa naiino?eii ? i?ae ea??aieoeoaii iaoeiaiai ea??aieea.

Oaiae? Aiaeaeaae THnao (Ei?aeai?y). Aoaeoeai?noue noa?onoiiiiai iaoiaeo
neio?ii?caoe?? oa oacoaaiiy a nenoaiao ia?aaeaaaiiy ia aac? A*E.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca oaoii 05.12.13 – I?eno?i? ?aae?ioaoi?ee oa cania?a oaeaeiioi?eaoe?e.
Oe?a?inueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y ca’yceo ?i. I.N. Iiiiaa. – Iaeana,
1999.

Aeena?oaoe?eio ?iaioo i?enay/aii aiae?co iaoiae?a i?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy noa?onoiiiiai niiniao neio?ii?caoe?? oa
oacoaaiiy a nenoaiao ia?aaeaaaiiy i?e iiciaeiaiio caoeno? ia aac?
aaaaoiiiceoe?eiiai /aniaiai eiaeo. Aeaii ioe?ieo nooiaiy aieeao
i?eno?i?a neio?ii?caoe?? ia ye?noue ia?aaeaaaiiy neaiae?a ? niinia?a
ciaioaiiy iiieeie oacoaaiiy aeey noa?onoiiieo nenoai. Ae?noaii
aiae?oe/i? ae?ace aeey ioe?ithaaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy
aaaaoiiiceoe?eieo /aniaeo neaiae?a o noa?onoiii?e nenoai? ia?aaeaaaiiy
c? cai?ioiei ca’yceii. Cai?iiiiiaaii aeai?eoie ooieoe?iioaaiiy
noa?onoiiieo nenoai ia?aaeaaaiiy aeey aia?aoii? oa i?ia?aiii?
?aae?caoe?? i?ioieie?a iai?io.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: nenoaia ia?aaeaaaiiy aeaieo, eaiaee, noaoenoeea,
neio?ii?caoe?y, aaaaoiiiceoe?ei? /ania? eiaee, aeai?eoie.

Oaiaee Aiaeaeaae THnao (Ei?aeaiey). Yooaeoeaiinoue noa?onoiiiiai iaoiaea
neio?iiecaoeee e oace?iaaiey a nenoaiao ia?aaea/e ia aaca IAE.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.12.13 – Ono?ienoaa ?aaeeioaoieee e n?aaenoa
oaeaeiiioieeaoeee. Oe?aeineay ainoaea?noaaiiay aeaaeaiey nayce ei. A.N.
Iiiiaa. – Iaeanna, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeeiiiay ?aaioa iinayuaia aiaeeco e enneaaeiaaieth iaoiaeia
iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey noa?onoiiiiai niiniaa
neio?iiecaoeee e oace?iaaiey a nenoaiao ia?aaea/e i?e iicia/iie caueoa
ia aaca iiiaiiiceoeeiiiuo a?aiaiiuo eiaeia e neaiaeia, ?ac?aaioea
iaoiaeia e aeai?eoiia iiauoaiey iiiaoionoie/eainoe noa?onoiiiuo nenoai
ia?aaea/e, ii?aaeaeaieth aa?iyoiinoii-a?aiaiiuo e noaoenoe/aneeo
oa?aeoa?enoee nenoai aeey eaiaeia n nin?aaeioi/aiiuie iiiaoaie ai
a?aiaie. A ?aaioa aeaaony ioeaiea noaiaie aeeyiey ono?ienoa
neio?iiecaoeee ia ea/anoai ia?aaea/e neaiaeia e niiniaia oiaiueoaiey
ioeaie oace?iaaiey aeey noa?onoiiiuo nenoai ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo.
I?eaaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiey aeeiaieee ?aaiou nenoai
neio?iiecaoeee aeey ?acee/iuo eeannia iiiao. I?aaeeiaeaiu aeai?eoiu
oace?iaaiey noa?onoiiiuo nenoai ia?aaea/e i?e ia?aaiiia?iuo neaiaeueiuo
eiino?oeoeeyo iiiaiiiceoeeiiiuo a?aiaiiuo eiaeia. I?aaeeiaeaiu
aiaeeoe/aneea au?aaeaiey aeey ioeaiee aa?iyoiinoe ioeai/iiai i?eaia
yeaiaioia eiaeiauo eiino?oeoeee IAE.

I?aaeeiaeaia iaoiaeeea auai?a iioeiaeueiuo ia?aiao?ia neaiaeia IAE i?e
eniieueciaaiee a noa?onoiiiuo nenoaiao ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo n ia?aoiie
naycueth. I?iecaaaeaia ioeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe eiio?iey ea/anoaa ia?aaea/e
ii /eneo cia/aueo iiiaioia ainnoaiiaeaiey neaiaea a eiaeiaie eiiaeiaoeee
IAE. I?iaaaeai aiaeec noaoenoeee ?aaeueiuo eaiaeia nayce ieciauo
caaiueaa ANO e aeaiu ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii iioeiaeueiiio eniieueciaaieth
niaeo?a eiiiooe?oaiuo oaeaoiiiuo eaiaeia. Iieo/aii aiaeeoe/aneia
au?aaeaiea aeey ?an/aoa noaiaie a?oiie?iaaiey ioeaie aeene?aoiiai
eaiaea. Iieo/aiu aiaeeoe/aneea au?aaeaiey aeey ioeaiee yooaeoeaiinoe
eniieueciaaiey iiiaiiiceoeeiiiuo a?aiaiiuo neaiaeia a noa?onoiiiie
nenoaia ia?aaea/e n ia?aoiie naycueth. I?iecaaaeaia ioeaiea iioa?ue
aa?iinoe e nei?inoe aoiaeaeaiey a neio?iieci noa?onoiiiuo nenoai
ia?aaea/e ia aaca IAE. I?aaeeiaeaiu aeai?eoiu ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
noa?onoiiiuo nenoai ia?aaea/e aeey aiia?aoiie e i?ia?aiiiie ?aaeecaoeee
i?ioieieia iaiaia.

I?aaeeiaeaia noa?onoiiiay nenoaia ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo n IAE e n eiaeiaui
?acaeaeaieai ii a?aiaie aeaoo enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee. I?eaiaeyony
?acoeueoaou eniuoaiee noa?onoiiiuo nenoai ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo i?e ?aaioa
ii ?aaeueiui eiiiooe?oaiui oaeaoiiiui eaiaeai e o?aeoai ai?iaeneie
oaeaoiiiie naoe iauaai iieueciaaiey. I?iaaaeaiiua enneaaeiaaiey
noa?onoiiiie nenoaiu ia eaiaeao n nin?aaeioi/aiiuie iiiaoaie
iieacuaatho, /oi i?eiaiaiea IAE n eni?aaeaieai ioeaie i?e nio?aiaiee
aeai?eoia i?ioieiea iaiaia ENI iicaieyao oaaee/eoue yooaeoeaioth
nei?inoue ia?aaea/e nenoaiu a 2 – 3 ?aca, iaania/eaay i?e yoii caaeaiiua
o?aaiaaiey ii aa?iinoe ia?aaea/e eiaeiaiai ciaea eaae?a eaiaeueiiai
o?iaiy.

?acoeueoaou aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaiou iicaieytho iiauneoue yooaeoeaiinoue
noa?onoiiiiai iaoiaea neio?iiecaoeee e yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey
nouanoaothueo eaiaeia nayce ieciauo caaiueaa ANO i?e iicia/iie caueoa
eioi?iaoeee iiiaiiiceoeeiiiui a?aiaiiui eiaeii.

Iieo/aiiua a ?aaioa ?acoeueoaou eniieueciaaiu i?e auiieiaiee ia eaoaae?a
aeieoiaioaeueiie yeaeo?inayce Oe?aeineie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeaaeaiee
nayce ei. A.N. Iiiiaa iao/iie oaiu: “Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
eniieueciaaiey eaiaeia e nenoai nayce”.

Aeinoiaa?iinoue iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia a ?aaioa iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony
?acoeueoaoaie noaoenoe/aneeo ecia?aiee e eniuoaiee noa?onoiiiuo nenoai
ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo ia ?aaeueiuo eaiaeao.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: nenoaia ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo, eaiaeu, noaoenoeea,
neio?iiecaoeey, iiiaiiiceoeeiiiua a?aiaiiua eiaeu, aeai?eoiu.

Hindi AMDJAD Yousef (Jordan). Efficiency of start-stop method a
synchronization and phasing systems transfer on the basis of MTS.

Thesis being presented for Candidate of Technical Sciences degree,
speciality 05.12.13 – devices of a radiotechnics and components of
telecommunication. The Ukrainian state academy of Communication named
after A.S. Popov. – Odessa, 1999.

The thesis is devoted to the analysis of Methods of increase the
efficiency of using start-stop method a synchronization and phasing in
systems of transfer for want of to character by character guard on basis
of a multipositional time codes. Here is given a degree of influence to
devices of a synchronization on quality of transmission signals and the
methods of diminution errors of phasing for start-stop systems.

Analytical expressions for evaluation the efficiency of using the
multipositional time cods have been obtained, for start-stop system of
transfer with feedback.

The algorithms of operation for start-stop systems of transfer have
offered, for hard ware and Program realization of protocols exchange.

Key words: data transmission systems, channels, statistics,
synchronization, multipositional time codes, algorithms.

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