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Залізничний транспорт України в умовах утвердження адміністративно-командних методів управління народним господарством (кінець 20-х – 30-ті рр.): Авто

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AeI?I?IIAO?IANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO

AIIAeA?*OE TH??E IAAEIAE*

OAeE 947. 084. 6(477): 385

CAE?CIE*IEE O?AINII?O OE?A?IE

A OIIAAO OOAA?AeAEAIIss AAeI?I?NO?AOEAII-EIIAIAeIEO IAOIAe?A OI?AAE?IIss
IA?IAeIEI AINIIAeA?NOAII

(e?iaoeue 20-o — 30-o? ??.)

07.00.01—?noi??y Oe?a?ie

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa ?noi?e/ieo iaoe

Aei?i?iiao?ianuee — 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia o a?aeae?e? ?aa?iiaeueieo i?iaeai ?noi??? Oe?a?ie

?inoeoooo ?noi??? Oe?a?ie IAI Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Neey?aiei ?aaai Ieoaeeiae/,

i?ia?aeiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee

?inoeoooo ?noi??? Oe?a?ie IAI Oe?a?ie.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? ?noi?e/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Aoo Ieaenaiae?
Ieeeoiae/ (i?ioani? eaoaae?e oe?a?inueei? ?noi??? oa aoiiiie?oeee
Aeiiaoeueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo);

eaiaeeaeao ?noi?e/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Ie?ii/oe A’y/aneaa Aeieo?iae/
(aeioeaio eaoaae?e ?in?enueei? ?noi??? Aei?i?iiao?ianueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo).

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Ee?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao
?i. O.A. Oaa/aiea, eaoaae?a iia?oiuei? ?noi??? Oe?a?ie.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 28 ea?oiy 1999 ?ieo i 13.00 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 08.051.14 a Aei?i?iiao?ianueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 320625, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee,
i?. Aaaa??ia, 72, aoae. 307.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Aei?i?iiao?ianueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 320050, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee,
aoe. Eacaeiaa, 8.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 27 aa?aciy 1999 ?ieo.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,

eaiaeeaeao ?noi?e/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio                         E.N. Ooo?e4

1

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA AeINE?AeAEAIIss

Iaa?ae’?iiith /anoeiith aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo Oe?a?ie a OO no. aoa ?
caeeoa?oueny cae?cie/iee o?ainii?o. Iaa?no?ae? Oe?a?ie — oea o?nii
iia’ycaiee nai?ie eaioethaeeaie aaee/aciee eiiaa?? aeiaaeeiith a oeny/?
e?eiiao??a. Aiie caaacia/othoue ia?aaacaiiy ethaeae, i?eueeii?a oii
iaoa??aeueieo oe?iiinoae, aeeth/athoue a naaa neeaaeiee ae?iaie/ee
eiiieaen, iaiao?aei? iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/i? caniae — eie?th, noaioe?ei?
nii?oaee, ?ooiiee neeaae, caniae ca’yceo oiui. ?iaioa cae?cie/iiai
o?ainii?oo o?nii iia’ycaia ?c oe?eei ?yaeii aaeocae ia?iaeiiai
ainiiaea?noaa — iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiyi, iaoaeo?a??th, aoaeaaeaeiaooeii,
aea?aaiia?iaiith i?iieneia?noth oiui. Cae?cie/iee o?ainii?o — oea
aeanyoee oeny/ cae?cie/iee?a — i?iaeooaaeueieee, aoae?aaeueieee,
iaoeiaoe?, ?iaeaia?e ? oaoi?ee, aenieieaae?o?eiaai? iaoei?noe ?
?ia?oieee.

Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. ?noi?e/ia iaoea, caciaaoe ca ?aaeyinueei?
aeiae iaaaoeaieo aieea?a iie?oeee oa ?aeaieia??, ath?ie?aoe/ieo iaoiae?a
ea??aieoeoaa, aeiaiaoecio ? iaeiiiaoaioiiai ao?o/aiiy, ia aeaeue, ia
ciiaea aeeaiei ? i?aaaeeai aena?oeeoe ia o?eueee iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo, a e ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa a oe?eiio oa
aeieth ?ia?oie/iai eeano cie?aia. Oi/a ca ?aaeyinueei? aeiae ae?iaie/a ?
?ia?oie/a oaiaoeea ca?aeii c aeiaiaoii ?aeaieia?? i?i i?ia?aeio ?ieue
aeiiii?/ieo ia?aoai?aiue oa ?oo?eio neeo ?ia?oie/iai eeano a
nioe?ae?noe/iiio aoae?aieoeoa? aoea aeineoue “iiaeiith” e aeooaeueiith.
O ca’yceo c oeei ?nio? iaaaeueia iio?aaa iaoia?aaeaeaiiai aiae?co ?
iiaiai iiaeyaeo ia ?noi?e/iee ?icaeoie oa noaiiaeua ye cae?cie/iiai
o?ainii?oo, oae ? eiai i?aoe?aiee?a — cae?cie/iee?a.

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie iaoiiaeaia ? o?iioaeueiei ia?ainieneaiiyi ieioeiai
ia ii/. 90-o ??., eiee ?iciaeany ?aeeia oi?o?eiaaia ?aaeyinueea
?noi??ia?ao?y a?o/eciyii? ?noi???, aeeth/ath/e ? 20-30-o? ?iee OO no. O
eiioaeno? iiaiai, ae?enii iaoeiaiai aa/aiiy oe?a?inueei? ?noi??? /an?a
noae?i?cio ia?ainieneth?oueny e ?noi?e/ia aeiey ?ia?oie/iai eeano, eiai
iaa?ae’?iii? neeaaeiai? — cae?cie/iee?a. Iaoia?aaeaeaia
“?iaaioa?ecaoe?y” oaea iaienaiiai ? c?iaeaiiai aeiiiiiaea ia eeoa
aeyaeoe iaioth/? eieenue aeiaiaoe/i? noaie, noa?aioeie o aena?oeaii?
?noi??? o?ainii?oo, a e c?icoi?oe, ui iani?aaae? a?aeaoaaeiny ?c eiai
i?aoe?aieeaie, yeee oeyo ?i aeiaaeiny i?ieoe, aecia/eoe ia?niaeoeae
iiaeaeueoeo aeine?aeaeaiue a oeueiio iai?yieo. Oei a?eueoa, ui ia
no/aniiio aoai? iii?oia iaaia “ioieiaeaeaiiy” ?ioa?ano aei oae caaii?
“ae?iaie/i-?ia?oie/i? oaiaoeee”, ui iiaeia ioe?ieoe ye nai???aeio
?aaeoe?th ?noi?ee?a ia ?? iie?oe/ii-?aeaieia?/ia iaa’ycoaaiiy a
?aaeyinuee? /ane.

Aoiaeaeaiiy Oe?a?ie a oeea?e?ciaaiee na?o iio?aao? ae??oaiiy oe?ei?
iecee aaaeeeaeo ieoaiue. Iaeia c ieo — iiaeaeue aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo,
ca?aeii c yeith ne?ae ?icaoaeiaoaaoe aea?aeaao, cae?enithaaoe aeiiii?/i?
oa nioe?aeuei? ?aoi?ie, aiooaaoe a?oio aeey iiaiaaaaeaiue,
o?ainoi?ioaaoe ina?oo, iaoeo, aeoiaaiiy. Aeine?aeaeaiiy ?noi??? ?icaeoeo
??cieo aaeocae ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa, a oiio /ene? cae?cie/iiai
o?ainii?oo, ca /an?a iaioaaiiy aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeieo iaoiae?a
oi?aae?iiy aeicaieyoue iaoiio noni?euenoao a?eueo ona?aeiieaii iae?aoe
?io?, aoaeoeai?o? iiaeae? aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei. Ianaiia?aae, o?aaa
/?oei ona?aeiieoe, yeo niaaeueio ia?ii, inieneeoe iiae?? o i?aaaeeaiio
eiioaeno? aeecueeeo ? aeaeaeeo aiio.

Aeooaeuei?noue aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? oaeiae a iaiao?aeiino?
i?ney aaaaoi??/iiai a?aeeo/aiiy ia?iaeo a?ae nai?? ?noi??? neacaoe
aeia?a neiai i?i an?o iiaa?iaieo ?c caaoooy, caaee/eoe eiaeai e?ie aei
naiaiaee, a?aeiiaeoe iai’youe i?i aaciaaeiii ?ai?aniaaieo a /ane
noae?iueie cae?cie/iee?a. Iie?oe/i? ?ai?an??, ye a?aeiii, oi?eioeeny
an?o aac aeiyoeo nioe?aeueieo aa?noa, i?ioan?eieo oa iaoe?iiaeueieo
a?oi. I?e/iio, a ai?oeaio?? oeeo iiae?e oe?eeii caeiiii??ii iieieeeny
i?aoe?aieee iaei??? ?c no?aoaa?/ieo ainiiaea?nueeeo
aaeocae — cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo.

Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ae?yeuei?noue aeueo aea?aeaaieo oa ia?o?eieo
i?aai?a aeaaee N?N? oa O?N?, aaeocaaeo ia?eiiao?a, a?iiaaenueeeo
i?aai?caoe?e, i?aai?a i?noeaaiai naiia?yaeoaaiiy uiaei ?aae?caoe?? ia
i?aeoeoe? a?eueoiaeoeueei? iiaeae? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei a
e?a?i?, oi?ioaaiiy a i?e aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeieo iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy
ia?iaeiei ainiiaea?noaii oa noaiiaeaiiy oioae?oa?iiai ?aaeeio.

I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?aii iaoeiaee aiae?c ?noi?e/ieo i?ioean?a oa
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo yaeu, iia’ycaieo c ae?yeuei?noth oa ?icaeoeii
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo Oe?a?ie a ia??iae ooaa?aeaeaiiy
aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeii? nenoaie ea??aieoeoaa aeiiii?eith N?N?.

O?iiieia?/i? iaae? iiaeaii? aei caoenoo ?iaioe aecia/athoueny e?ioeai
20-o — 30-ie ??., eiee ia oe? ooaa?aeaeaiiy a e?a?i? oioae?oa?ii?
?aeaieia?? a?aeaoaaeany a?aeiiaa a?ae e?aa?aeueieo i?aeoiae?a aei
oi?aae?iiy aeiiii?/ieie i?ioeanaie c aeaiaioaie ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei ?
iinooiiaiai ooaa?aeaeaiiy aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeieo oa
aee?aeoeaii-aiethioa?enonueeeo iaoiae?a ea??aieoeoaa ye ia?iaeiei
ainiiaea?noaii a oe?eiio, oae ? cae?cie/iei o?ainii?oii cie?aia.

Oa?eoi??aeuei? ?aiee aeena?oaoe?? ioiieththoue Oe?a?io a iaaeao
eieeoiueiai N?N? ia??iaeo 20-30-o ??. A oeae /an iio?aae
ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nueeiai eiiieaeno ON?? ianeoaiaoaaei /ioe?e cae?cie/i?
iaa?no?ae?: I?aaeaiii-Cao?aeia, I?aaeaiia, Eaoa?eieinueea oa
Aeiiaoeueea. A ae?. iie. 30-o ?ie?a i?ney /enaeueieo no?oeoo?ieo ci?i oa
?ai?aai?caoe?e e?euee?noue cae?cieoeue ia Oe?a?i? ca?eueoeeanue.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?y
iaienaia a ?one? caoaa?aeaeaiiai ?inoeoooii ?noi??? Oe?a?ie IAI Oe?a?ie
ieaio: “?aa?iiaeuei? aniaeoe ?noi??? Oe?a?ie”. Neeaaeiaa eiai
/anoeia — oaia, ui iia’ycaia c ?aaa?e?oaoe??th aea?oa iie?oe/ieo
?ai?an?e ia Oe?a?i?. Aiia aeieeaa? c aea?aeaaii? i?ia?aie i?aeaioiaee
iaoeiai-aeieoiaioaeueii? na??? eiea “?aaa?e?oiaai? ?noi???th”,
aecia/aii? iinoaiiaaie I?aceae?? Aa?oiaii? ?aaee (?2256-O?? a?ae 6
ea?oiy 1992 ?.) oa Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie (?530 a?ae 19 aa?aniy 1992
?.).

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy: I?e iaienaii? ?iaioe ia?aae iaie noiyea
iaoa: aeyaeoe iaa?aeii? oa iaeia?aeii? a?o?ai? ? aeieoiaioaeuei?
iaoa??aee; /a?ac ?o aaaaeaiiy o iaoeiaee ia?a ?ice?eoe ? iieacaoe
ni?aaaei?e noai nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo ia iaa?no?aeyo ON?? o
ia??iae oi?ioaaiiy aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeii? nenoaie, a?aeiiaeoe
?noi?e/io ni?aaaaeeea?noue uiaei ?ai?aniaaieo i?aoe?aiee?a cae?cie/iiai
o?ainii?oo.

O i?ioean? ?aae?caoe?? iaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aaoi?ii iinoaaeai? oae?
iniiai? caaaeaiiy:

– aeine?aeeoe iane?aeee aieeao iicaaeiiii?/ieo iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy
cae?cieoeyie Oe?a?ie ia ?o iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie oa c?inoaiiy
i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe?;

– ?ice?eoe o aeine?aeaeoaaiiio ia??iae? oi?ie ? iaoiaee ?ica’ycaiiy
i?iaeaie eaae??a ia cae?cieoeyo;

– aecia/eoe iane?aeee iie?oe/iiai oa?i?o aeey nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai
?icaeoeo iaa?no?aeae Oe?a?ie;

– iieacaoe eiie?aoi? aeoe?? i?ioanoo oaoi?/ii? ?ioae?aaioe??, ?ia?oiee?a
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo ia iineeaiiy ia ieo iie?oe/iiai oa aeiiii?/iiai
oeneo, iacaaeia?eueia iaoa??aeueia, iiaooiaa ? i?iaeiaieue/a
caaacia/aiiy.

Aeey ae??oaiiy iaoe ? caaea/ aoea ?ic?iaeaia no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??, ui
a eiioaeno? iaoeiaiai iiooeo ?ice?eaa? oa aeiiiaith? ua ia aea/ai? aai
na?aeiii ia?ae?o/ai? ?aaeyinueeith ?noi??ia?ao??th iiiaioe a ?iaio?
cae?cieoeue Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?? iieyaa?, ia?o ca
ana, o oaiaoeoe? aeine?aeaeaiiy, yea aei oeueiai /ano ia aoea ia’?eoii
niaoe?aeueiiai aea/aiiy ? aena?oeaiiy naia a eiioaeno? noaiiaeaiiy
aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeieo iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy ia?iaeiei
ainiiaea?noaii.

?aaeueiee aianie aeena?oaioa o aeine?aeaeoaaio i?iaeaio aecia/a?oueny
oei, ui aia?oa a oe?a?inuee?e ?noi??ia?ao?? iei aeyaeai? ? aaaaeai? o
iaoeiaee ia?a aeieoiaioaeuei? iaoa??aee, ui aeathoue iiaeeea?noue:

– c’ynoaaoe aeoiee oa iniiai? aoaie noaiiaeaiiy
aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeieo iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy cae?cie/iei o?ainii?oii;

– anaa?/ii i?iaiae?coaaoe oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/i? iieacieee ?iaioe
oe?a?inueeeo cae?cieoeue o aeine?aeaeoaaiee ia??iae;

– ii-iiaiio ioe?ieoe noaoaiianueei-e?eaiiin?anueeee ?oo ia o?ainii?o?;

– aecia/eoe i?e/eie ? iane?aeee iecueeiai ??aiy nioe?aeueiiai
caaacia/aiiy i?aoe?aiee?a o?ainii?oo, cao?eiie c aeieaoith ca?ieaoe,
iiaaiiai iaoa??aeueiiai ? i?iaeiaieue/iai caaacia/aiiy, a a aeayeeo
?ieao — ianiaeo aeiaaee?a aieiaeo oiui;

– iienaoe no?aeeiaee ?oo ia oe?a?inueeeo iaa?no?aeyo a e?i.
20-o – ia?o?e iieiaei? 30-o ??.;

– ?ice?eoe iaoai?ci oa iane?aeee eaae?iaeo /enoie ? ia?ai?uaiue ca
iie?oe/ieie iiaeyaeaie, nioe?aeueiei oa iaoe?iiaeueiei iioiaeaeaiiyi;

– aeine?aeeoe ?ica’ycai? aeuei iie?oe/iei ea??aieoeoaii e?a?ie ianiaee
oa?i? oa ?ai?an?? uiaei cae?cie/iee?a a 20—30-o ??.

?acii c oei, a aeena?oaoe?? ?yae iieiaeaiue oa aeniiae?a ?aaeyinueei?
?noi??ia?ao?? uiaei nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo cae?cie/iiai
o?ainii?oo io?eiaa eia?/ia i?iaeiaaeaiiy. Cie?aia aeeaoa aena?oeaii
i?iaeaie aini?ic?aooieo oa eai?oaeiaeeaaeaiue, ?icoe?aiiy ?nioth/i? ia
oie /an cae?cie/ii? ia?aae?, aoae?aieoeoai iiaeo eie?e, ?ai?aai?caoe??
noaie oi?aae?iiy o?ainii?oii oa ooai?aiiy iiaeo cae?cieoeue oiui.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a aecia/a?oueny oei, ui ?o
iaoa??aee iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? aeey i?aeaioiaee ooiaeaiaioaeueieo
i?aoeue ?c nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? ?noi??? Oe?a?ie, ?ic?iaee ii?iaoeaieo
? niaoe?aeueieo eo?n?a o aeueo oa na?aaei?o iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao, ui
aeioneathoue niaoe?ae?no?a cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo, ?aae?caoe??
aea?aeaaii? i?ia?aie ii oa?/iaiith iai’yo? iaoeo ni?aa?o/eciee?a, ye?
noaee aea?oaaie ?ai?an?e a ia??iae noae?inueeiai aaiioeeaeo.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy aeena?oaoe?? iieyaa? a oiio, ui aiia aeicaiey?
iiaeeaeoe caaaeueio eiioeaioe?th ?noi??? Oe?a?ie e?i. 20—30-o ??.,
c’ynoaaoe iniiai? /eiieee, ui ni?eyee noaiiaeaiith a e?a?i?
aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeieo iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy ia?iaeiei
ainiiaea?noaii.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?? cae?enithaaeany caeiaoaa/ai o
aeiiia?aeyo ? iia?aeiieaiiyo ia VII (*a?eane, 1996), VIII (Oa?e?a, 1997)
Anaoe?a?inueeeo eiioa?aioe?yo c ?noi?e/iiai e?a?ciaanoaa, iaoeiaeo
eiioa?aioe?yo E??iaia?aaenueeeo iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?i. A. Aeiie/aiea, ?inoeoooo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy
(1996, 1997, 1998), iaoeiaeo nai?ia?ao a?aeae?eo ?aa?iiaeueieo i?iaeai
?noi??? Oe?a?ie ?inoeoooo ?noi??? Oe?a?ie IAI Oe?a?ie.

No?oeoo?a ?iaioe i?aeii?yaeeiaaia iao? oa iniiaiei caaaeaiiyi
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui a eiioaeno? iaoeiaiai iiooeo ?ice?eaa? ua ia aea/ai?
aai na?aeiii ia?ae?o/ai? iiiaioe a ?iaio? cae?cieoeue Oe?a?ie.
Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, /ioe?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a,
nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae ? e?oa?aoo?e. Ianya ?oeiieno — 189
noi??iie. Aeena?oaoe?y i?noeoue 11 oaaeeoeue. Nienie aeei?enoaieo
aeaea?ae ? e?oa?aoo?e neeaaea?oueny c 357 iaeiaioaaiue.

INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??

O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aaaeeea?noue oa aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie, aecia/aii
iaoo ? eiie?aoi? caaaeaiiy iaoeiai? ?iaioe, ?? o?iiieia?/i? iaae?,
c’yniaaii i?aaeiao ? ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ice?eoi iaoeiao iiaecio oa
i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaoeiai? ?ic?iaee aeaii? oaie, iiaeaii ?ioi?iaoe?th
i?i ?? ai?iaaoe?th.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Iaeyae aeaea?ae oa e?oa?aoo?e” ioa?aeoa?eciaaii
iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeine?aeaeaiiy, i?iaiae?ciaaii eiai aeaea?aeueio
aaco oa noai iaoeiai? ?ic?iaee oaie.

Iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao aeena?oaoe?? noaiiaeyoue i?eioeeie ?noi?ecio,
ia’?eoeaiino? e iaoeiaino?. I?ae /an aea/aiiy i?iaeaie iaie aeei?enoaii
nenoaiiee eiiieaeniee i?aeo?ae o canoinoaaii? ??cieo iaoiae?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aaaeeeaei oeyoii ?o ?ica’ycaiiy noaei canoinoaaiiy
oe?eiai ?yaeo ?noi?e/ieo iaoiae?a:

1. Neio?iiiee iaoiae aeicaieea iaeii/anii ?icaeyaeaoe iiae?? ? oaeoe, ui
iaee i?noea ia cae?cieoeyo Oe?a?ie, aeae?eeoe ye caaaeueia, oae ?
ie?aia, iniaeeaa a yaeuao iie?oe/iiai oa nioe?aeueiiai aeeooy
cae?cie/iee?a.

2. O?iiieia?/iee iaoiae aeei?enoiaoaaany i?e ?icaeyae? iiae?e ? yaeu o
?o ?icaeoeia?, /ania?e iine?aeiaiino?, o ?on? ? ci?iao.

3. Ae?ao?iiiee iaoiae aeaa iiaeeea?noue aeie?aieoe ?noioi? ci?ie,
aecia/eoe e?eoa??? ia??iaeecaoe?? ye ie?aieo iiae?e, oae ? oe?eeo yaeu
?noi?e/iiai oaeoi?o nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? neooaoe?? ia cae?cie/iiio
o?ainii?o?.

4. I?ae /an ?ao?iniaeoeaiiai aiae?co ye?nieo ci?i ia cae?cieoeyo, ye?
aeoiaeeee ca o?iiieia?/i? iaae? aeine?aeaeaiiy, canoiniaoaaany
ii??aiyeueii-?noi?e/iee iaoiae.

5. Iaoiae aeooae?caoe?? aeicaieea aeyaeoe iaai? caeiiii??iino? i?ioeano,
ocaaaeueieoe aeniiaee ? ?ic?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? iiaeaeueoiai
aeei?enoaiiy iniiaieo iieiaeaiue aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy i?e
aea/aii? iaeaaaeeea?oeo i?iaeai ?noi??? Oe?a?ie OO no.

Canoinoaaiiy caaaeueiiiaoeiaeo, i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?ieo iaoiae?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy, cie?aia no?oeoo?ii-nenoaiiiai iaoiaeo, a?aee?eei
iiaeeea?noue iaeii/anii ?icaeyaeaoe cae?cie/iee o?ainii?o c eiai
iaea?eueo oa?aeoa?ieie ?enaie, c iaeiiai aieo, ye ?aeeia oe?ea, a c
?ioiai, — ye /anoeio ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa e?a?ie. Noaoenoe/iee
iaoiae aeicaieea i?aaenoaaeoe e?euee?ni? aeai? aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a
ae?yeueiino? cae?cieoeue Oe?a?ie, nioe?aeueieo c?ooaiue o ?o eaae?iaiio
neeaae? o aeaeyae? ??cieo oaaeeoeue, na?aaei?o aaee/ei oiui. I?e
aena?oeaii? iano?i?a cae?cie/iee?a, ?oiuei? ?aaeoe?? ia ae??
oeaio?aeueieo oa i?noeaaeo i?aai?a aeaaee, iie?oe/io oa aeiiii?/io
neooaoe?th aeei?enoiaoaaany iaoiae ?noi?eei-nioe?ieia?/iiai aiae?co.

Ca?aeii c iaoith ? iniiaieie caaaeaiiyie aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui ia?aaeaa/athoue aiae?c aeaea?ae oa e?oa?aoo?e,
aaaeeeaiai cia/aiiy iaaoei aeei?enoaiiy eiioaeno-aiae?co, c aeiiiiiaith
yeiai cae?eniaia nenoaiaoecaoe?y ioae?eaoe?e, a a
iiaeaeueoiio — iiaeeaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai, ui aoee iacaai?
?ioaa?aeueieie a ?iaioao iaoeiaoe?a.

Aeaea?aeueio iniiao aeena?oaoe?? noaiiaeyoue iaeia?aeii? aeieoiaioe oa
iaoa??aee aeuiai iie?oe/iiai ea??aieoeoaa, aeueo i?aai?a aea?aeaaii?
aeaaee oa oi?aae?iiy N?N? ? O?N?, i?noeaaeo ia?o?eieo, ?aaeyinueeeo,
i?aaiioi?iiieo i?aai?a, a?iiaaenueeeo i?aai?caoe?e. Anueiai a i?ioean?
?iaioe aeena?oaioii ii?aoeueiaaii 23 oiiaee 8 oeaio?aeueieo, i?noeaaeo,
a?aeii/eo a?o?a?a Oe?a?ie oa ?in?enueei? Oaaea?aoe??. O Oeaio?aeueiiio
aea?aeaaiiio a?o?a? a?iiaaenueeeo ia’?aeiaiue Oe?a?ie (eieeoi?e a?o?a
OeE Eiiia?o?? Oe?a?ie) aeei?enoai? ca?oe ea??aiee?a cae?cieoeue,
ia?eiiao?a, niaoeneoaea aei OeE AEI(a), OeE EI(a)O, ??oaiiy iaeaeuiai
iie?oe/iiai i?aaio ?anioae?ee, ye? aaciina?aaeiuei noinoaaeeny ?iaioe
oe?a?inueeeo iaa?no?aeae oiui.

O aeena?oaoe?? oaeiae ciaeoee a?aeia?aaeaiiy aeieoiaioaeuei? iaoa??aee,
ui ciaoiaeyoueny ia caa??aaii? a Oeaio?aeueiiio aea?aeaaiiio a?o?a?
aeueo i?aai?a aeaaee oa oi?aae?iiy Oe?a?ie. Aacia?a/io oe?ii?noue
noaiiaeyoue ia o?eueee oiiaee aeueo i?aai?a aeaaee, a e aaeocaaeo
ia?eiiao?a, i?ioan?eieo ni?eie oiui. ?icoe?eoe oyaeaiiy i?i o? i?ioeane,
ui a?aeaoaaeeny aaciina?aaeiuei ia i?noeyo, aeaee ciiao aea?aeaai?
a?o?ae ?yaeo iaeanoae Oe?a?ie. Noaaeaiiy aeaaeieo no?oeoo?,
i?aaiioi?iiieo i?aai?a aei i?aoe?aiee?a cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo a oaeiae
iaoai?ci iie?oe/ieo ?ai?an?e a ae?? a?aeia?aceee aeieoiaioaeuei? oiiaee
Aea?aeaaiiai a?o?ao Neoaeae aaciaee Oe?a?ie oa a?o?ao oi?aae?iiy
i?i?noa?noaa aioo??oi?o ni?aa Oe?a?ie ii Oa?e?anuee?e iaeano?.

I?e iaienaii? ?iaioe aeena?oaio c iaaiith ia?anoi?iaith aeei?enoiaoaaa
iioae?eiaai? ca /an?a ?nioaaiiy ?aaeyinueeiai Nithco aeieoiaioaeuei?
iaoa??aee aeaaeieo no?oeoo? N?N? oa O?N?, noaoenoe/i? atheaoai? oa
ca??ieee, i?iiiae oa aenooie iie?oe/ieo ? aea?aeaaieo ea??aiee?a e?a?ie,
aacaoe ? aeo?iaee. Aeaea?aea aeaii? a?oie aeieoiaio?a aeyaeeeny
iaea?eueo ca?aeaieia?ciaaieie oa noa’?eoeaieie ? i?noyoue, c iaeiiai
aieo, /eiaei i?ee?aoaii?, iai?aaaeeai? oa eiii?eyoeaii? ?ioi?iaoe??, c
?ioiai, — ia iniia? ciaeaeaieo a?o?aieo aeaea?ae aeicaieythoue i?iaanoe
e?eoe/iee ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c ? aeyaeoe ni?aaaei?e noai ?a/ae ia
o?ainii?o?, /?oe?oa c?icoi?oe aeine?aeaeoaai? iiae??, caio?eoenue a
aoiinoa?o noni?euenoaa 20-30-o ?ie?a.

?noi?e/ia e?oa?aoo?a eeoa /anoeiai a?aeia?aceea aeine?aeaeoaaiee
eiiieaen i?iaeai. ?aaeyinueea ?noi??ia?ao?y aeei?enoiaoaaea ieioea
Oe?a?ie aeey ?aeaieia?/iiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy iie?oe/iiai eo?no ?aaeeio,
i???iooaaeany ia aena?oeaiiy o?oaeiaeo oa aeiiii?/ieo “caa?oaiue” a
ia??iae ia?oeo i’yoe??/ie ? na?aeiii, aiane?aeie iie?oe/ii?
eii’thieoo?e, iaieiaea iaaaoeai? i?ioeane, ui a?aeaoaaeenue a oeae
ia??iae.

Iaei??th ?c ia?oeo ni?ia inyaiooe ?noi?e/iee ?icaeoie ?aaeyinueeiai
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo a N?N? noaea a?oioiaia eieaeoeaia iiiia?ao?y
Aieueoniia E., Ei?i??aa A., Oeeuei?eiaa I. “?icaeoie cae?cieoeue N?N?”)
Aieueonii E., Ei?iaaa A., Oeeueieeia I. ?acaeoea aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai
o?ainii?oa NNN?. – I.: O?ainaeaeaei?ecaeao, 1939. – 180 n.). ?acii c
oei, aaoi?e i?ae aieeaii noae?inueeiai “Ei?ioeiai eo?no AEI(a)” iniiaio
i?iaeio ca iaaaea/? aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo cae?cieoeue iieeaaeathoue ia
“ai?ia?a” ? “oe?aeiee?a”, ui caoiieee aaaeeea? ae?eyiee o?ainii?oiiai
ainiiaea?noaa. Aeaui ?icoe?eei eiei i?iaeai, ui iinoaee ia?aae
cae?cie/iei o?ainii?oii, ?noi?eei-aeiiii?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy Iaii?ea
A.A.) Iaii?ei A. I/a?ee ?acaeoey aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa NNN?. –
I.: Ain. O?ainaeaeaei?ecaeao, 1954. – 285 n.). Iiiia?ao?y, iaienaia ia
ii/aoeo o?ouianueei? a?aeeeae, ia aeaeue, ia iicaaaeaia noa?eo
?aoeeaeea?a a aiae?c? ?icaeoeo cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo ye neeaaeiai?
ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa N?N?. Ieoaiiy aieeao ia?o?eieo no?oeoo? ia
?iaioo iaa?no?aeae Oe?a?ie, ?icaoaeiao eie?eii? ia?aae?, ?aoi?ioaaiiy
oi?aae?inueeeo noai o?ainii?oo i?aei?iaeiny a ia?enao ?noi??? iaeanieo
ia?o?eieo i?aai?caoe?e) I/a?ee enoi?ee Aeiai?iiao?ianeie iaeanoiie
ia?oeeiie i?aaiecaoeee / ?aae. eiee. E.A.Aaneeueaa (ioa. ?aae.),
A.O.Aaoa?eia, A.E.A?ucaaeiaa, E.E.Ai?iiae e ae?. -Aeiai?iiao?iane:
I?ii?iue, 1979.-N.260-379; I/a?ee enoi?ee Aeiiaoeeie iaeanoiie ia?oeeiie
i?aaiecaoeee / A.I.A?oia (ae. ?aae.) e ae?.-Aeiiaoee: Aeiiaan, 1978. –
N. 273-354; I/a?ee enoi?ee Eeaaneie ai?iaeneie e iaeanoiie ia?oeeiuo
i?aaiecaoeee / ?aae. eiee. O.A.Aeaaae (ioa. ?aae.), TH.A.Aaaei,
A.A.Aa?aiooaei, A.A.Ai?iaeei e ae?. – E.: Iieeoecaeao Oe?aeiu, 1981. –
N. 299-374; I/a?ee enoi?ee Oa?ueeianeie iaeanoiie ia?oeeiie i?aaiecaoeee
/ Aao. I.A.Aanueeia; ?aae. eie.: A.A.Eaaoei. – O.: I?aii?, 1980. -N.
281-367.).

Aaaeeea? noaoenoe/i? aeai? uiaei aeiiii?/iiai oa nioe?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo
iaa?no?aeae e?a?ie c?a?ai? a naieoiii?e “?noi??? nioe?ae?noe/ii?
aeiiii?ee N?N?”) Enoi?ey nioeeaeenoe/aneie yeiiiieee NNN?: A 7-ie o. /
?aae. Eieeaaey: ae-? yeii. iaoe E.A. Aeaaeeia e ae?.; AI NNN?, Ei-o
yeiiiieee. – I.: Iaoea, 1977. – O.3. – 535 n.; Enoi?ey nioeeaeenoe/aneie
yeiiiieee NNN?: A 7-ie o. / ?aae. Eieeaaey: ae-? yeii. iaoe E.A.
Aeaaeeia e ae?.; AI NNN?, Ei-o yeiiiieee. – I.: Iaoea, 1978. – O.4. –
519 n. ). Aeineoue iiaa?oiai, iaieiath/e “aino?? eooe”, ?icaeyaeathoue
?noi??th ie?aieo oe?a?inueeeo cae?cieoeue iaoeiai-iiioey?i? i?aoe?)
Anaaaea a iooe. THai-Caiaaeiay iaaeno?aeue iaeaioia naiaai 100-eaoey. –
E.: Ciaiea, 1969. – 61 n.; Aonaa I.E. Noaeueiua iooe Aeiiaanna: Ec
enoi?ee Aeiiaoeeie i?aeaia Eaieia ae.ae. – Aeiiaoee: Aeiiaann, 1970. –
336 n.; Eyneianeee A.A. Noieaoiyy. [Ia Iaeannei-Eeoei?aneie ae.ae.]. –
Iaeanna: Iaye, 1996. – 183 n.; Neaiooei N. E?aoeay enoi?ey
no?ieoaeuenoaa ?acaeoey Noaeeineie ae.ae. 1884-1948 aa. –
Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1949. – 196 n.; THaeiay aeaeaciay aei?iaa. THaeiie
100-eao (1869-1969). – Oa?ueeia: I?aii?, 1969. – 180 n.). A ieo
i?noyoueny a?aeiiino? i?i oa?eoi??aeueii-ae?iaie/o ?ai?aai?caoe?th
iaa?no?aeae, ?o oaoi?/ia ia?aica?i?iiy, ?icaeoie ciaaaiiy oa
noaoaiianueei-e?eaiiin?anueeiai ?ooo. A?aeeeaeath/e ?aeaieia?/i?
iaoa?oaaiiy, a oeeo eieaao iiaeia a?aeiaeoe /eiaei i?aaaeeaeo
na?ae/aiue, ui aeicaieythoue c?icoi?oe neeaaei? ? noia?a/eea? i?ioeane
ia cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o? a aeine?aeaeoaaiee ia??iae.

?noi?eee oe?a?inueei? ae?anii?e a aeine?aeaeaii? ?icaeoeo cae?cie/iiai
o?ainii?oo ianaiia?aae iaiaaaeeny aecia/eoe ?ieue ? i?noea cae?cie/ieo
ia?aaacaiue ia Oe?a?i? a ?iciiae?e? caaaeueiinithcieo oiaa?i- oa
ianaaee?iiioie?a) Eoa?eiae/ A. Aaia?ao?y o?ainii?oo (Oe?a?ie). Aaia?ao?y
Oe?a?ie e noi?aeieo caiaeue.- E?.-E., 1943. – 89 n.). Ia eieii?aeueiiio
oa?aeoa?? ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa O?N?, i?aeii?yaeeiaaiino? ?ioa?an?a
?icaeoeo cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo caaaeueiinithciei, ae?ae
iacaaeia?eueiiio ?icoe?aii? eie?eii? ia?aae? ii??aiyii ?c
caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeeie iieacieeaie iaaieioo? e Aioeeeeiiaae?y
oe?a?iiciaanoaa) Aeei?inueeee ?., Eoa?eiae/ A. Cae?cie/iee o?ainii?o //
Aioeeeeiiaae?y oe?a?iiciaanoaa. – E., 1995. – O.3. – N.1098-1100.).

Ca inoaii? 10 ?ie?a a Oe?a?i? c’yaeany ?yae iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue, ye?
o eiioaeno? iiaiai iaoeiaiai aa/aiiy /an?a noae?i?cio ia?ainieneththoue
aeieth ?ia?oie/iai eeano, aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo ?aaeyinueeiai ia?iaeiiai
ainiiaea?noaa. Cie?aia, a ?noi?e/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo
N.A. Eoeue/eoeueeiai) Eoeue/eoeueeee N.A. ON?? a aeiao iiai? aeiiii?/ii?
iie?oeee (1921-1928 ??.): Ni?iaa iiaoaeiae eiioeaio. canaae ?aae.
?noi??? / IAI Oe?a?ie, ?i-o ?no. Oe?a?ie. – E., 1995. – 201 n.),
E.I. Iiaioaoueea) Iiaioaoueei E.I. Iaoe?iiaeueiee aniaeo aeieo?eie
“nioe?ae?noe/i? ?aeiino?oeoe??” (Ni?iaa ?noi?eei-oai?aoe/iiai
ia?ainieneaiiy) / IAI Oe?a?ie, ?i-o ?no. Oe?a?ie. – E., 1997. -110n.)
aoea cae?eniaia ni?iaa i?iaiae?coaaoe eiioeaiooaeuei? canaaee
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo Oe?a?ie a 20-o ??.

A aeena?oaoe?yo Iiaaea A.I.) Iiaae A.I. AEaeaciiaei?iaeieee
THai-Caiaaeiie iaaeno?aee a aiaeu nioeeaeenoe/aneie ?aeiino?oeoeee
ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa. 1926-1937: Aeen… eaiae. eno. iaoe: 07.00.02.
-E., 1987. – 182 n.), Caoa?/aiea I.A.) Caoa?/aiei I.A.
AEaeaciiaei?iaeieee ONN? ia caaa?oathuai yoaia nioeeaeenoe/aneie
?aeiino?oeoeee ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa (1933-1937 aa.): Aeen… eaiae. eno.
iaoe: 07.00.02. -Aeiiaoee, 1988. -245 n. ) c?iaeai? ia?o? ni?iae
aena?oeeoe i?iaeaie ? o?oaeiiu?, ye? noi?iaiaeaeoaaee ?iaioo
oe?a?inueeeo cae?cieoeue a 20—30-o ??. ?acii c oei, aiane?aeie
a?aenooiino? a?aee?eoiai aeinooio aei aeayeeo a?o?aieo oiiae?a,
cacia/ai? aeena?oaoe?ei? i?aoe? iiaeia aaaaeaoe eeoa ia?oith ni?iaith a
?ic?iaoe? aeine?aeaeoaaiiai eiea i?iaeai.

I?iaeaie eaae?iai? iie?oeee a oiiaao noaiiaeaiiy
aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeieo iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy ?icaeyaea? o nai?e
iiiia?ao?? TH.?.Oaiiaae “Oe?a?ia 20-50-o ?ie?a: noi??iee iaiaienaii?
?noi???”) Oaiiaae TH.?. Oe?a?ia 20-50-o ?ie?a: noi??iee iaiaienaii?
?noi??? / AI Oe?a?ie, ?i-o iaoe. a?aeiinei ? iie?oieia??. – E.: Iaoeiaa
aeoiea, 1993. – 349 n.). A?i ? oaeiae aaoi?ii aaeaei aeienaiiai
iie?oe/iiai ii?o?aoo iaeiiai c iaea?eueo aei?noieeo ea??aiee?a a ?noi???
Oe?a?ie a oe?eiio ? cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo cie?aia, — E.Eaaaiiae/a )
Oaiiaae TH.?. Eaca? Eaaaiiae/. – E.: Ciaiiy, 1994. – 40 n.).

Ie?ai? ieoaiiy eaae??a ia cae?cieoeyo Oe?a?ie ?icaeyaeathoueny a
aeena?oaoe?eieo i?aoeyo. Een?eue TH.?., aiae?coth/e ae?yeuei?noue
ia?iaeiiai eii?na??aoo ?ia?oie/i-naeyinueei? ?iniaeoe??, i?aei?ia?
i?iaeaio /enoie ia i?aei?e?inoaao, i?ioa ?icaeyaea? ?o eeoa ye can?a
ai?ioueae c ath?ie?aoecaoe??th aea?aeaaiiai aia?aoo) Een?eue TH.?.
?ia?oie/i-naeyinueea ?iniaeoe?y oa ath?ie?aoecaoe?y aea?aeaia?aoo:
I?aenoiee oa o?iee ae?yeueiino? (20-30-o? ??.): Aeen… eaiae. ?no. iaoe:
07.00.02. – Oa?e?a, 1994.- 209 n. ). Aeena?oaoe?y Eoaea?a N.I., ii?ooo?
aaaeeea? ieoaiiy i?aeaioiaee eaae??a aeey i?iieneiaino? ? o?ainii?oo
Oe?a?ie a 1921-1941 ??.) Eoaea? N.I. I?iaeaiu iiaeaioiaee ?aai/eo
eaae?ia aeey i?iiuoeaiiinoe e o?ainii?oa Oe?aeiu a 1921-1941 aa. (ia
iaoa?eaeao ia?oeeiuo e iauanoaaiiuo aeaeaeaiee e iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee):
Aeen… eaiae. eno. iaoe: 07.00.01. – Aeiiaoee, 1994.- 210 n.) Iaeiae,
caaeeaethth/enue o aena?oeaiiy caaaeueieo ieoaiue, aeena?oaio c
iaa?aeiieo i?e/ei caeeoa? ca iaaeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaio i?aeaioiaee
oao?aoe?a aeey o?ainii?oo, oi/a, noaey/e c iacae ?iaioe, aiia iaea aooe
i?aaeiaoii ii?aoethaaiiy.

Inoaii?i /anii i?iaeaia iie?oe/ieo ?ai?an?e ana a?eueoa i?eaa?oa? oaaao
ye oe?a?inueeeo, oae ? ca?oa?aeieo aeine?aeiee?a, ye? iinooiiai
aaiaeyoue o iaoeiaee ia?a iia? aeieoiaioaeuei? iaoa??aee,
iiioey?ecothoue a ?noi??? Oe?a?ie caaoo? ?iaia. Ua a
na?aaeei? 60-o ?ie?a aia?eeaiaoeue oe?a?inueeiai iioiaeaeaiiy A.Einothe
cae?eniea ni?iao nenoaiaoecoaaoe iaoa??aee ? oaeoe aeiae noae?i?cio,
aeine?aeeoe oai??th ? i?aeoeeo a?eueoiaecio ia Oe?a?i?, aeaoe ?i
iie?oe/iee aiae?c) Einothe A.I. Noae?i?ci a Oe?a?i?: (Aaiaca ?
iane?aeee): Aeine?aeaeaiiy ? niinoa?aaeaiiy no/anieea. – E.: Niieineei,
1995. – 508 n.). Ia iao iiaeyae, aaaea oeueiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o
a?aenooiino? oe?iei? iae?o?e aeinoia??ii? aeaea?aeueii? aace.

Iaei??th c ia?oeo a oe?a?inuee?e ?noi??ia?ao?? i?aoeue, i?enay/ai?e
iie?oe/iei ?ai?an?yi na?aae ?ioae?aaioe??, a oiio /ene? e oaoi?/ii?,
noaea iiiia?ao?y A.I.Aeaieeaiea, A.A.Eanueyiiaa oa
N.A.Eoeue/eoeueeiai) Noae?i?ci ia Oe?a?i?: 20-30-o? ?iee /
A.I.Aeaieeaiei, A.A.Eanueyiia, N.A.Eoeue/eoeueeee. – E.: Eea?aeue, 1991.
– 342 n.), a ye?e oe?iei aeei?enoai? iaoa??aee a?o?aieo oiiae?a aeuiai
iie?oe/iiai ea??aieoeoaa, iaaiaeeoueny noaoenoeea, yea o?eaaeee /an
ia?aaoaaea ia niaoe?aeueiiio caa??aaii?. A eiec? “AEa?oae ?ai?an?e”
aeieeaaeii aiae?co?oueny th?eaee/ia aaca, ia iniia? yei?
cae?enithaaeenue ?ai?an?? a?iiaaeyi na?aae ie?aieo nioe?aeueieo ?
i?ioan?eieo a?oi) AEa?oau ?ai?annee / TH.N.Oaioo/aiei, A.I.Ie?iiaiei,
A.E.I?enoaeei. – E.: TH?eioi?i, 1993. – 275 n.). ?yae ?iai ?ai?aniaaieo
cae?cie/iee?a a?aeooeaea ? iiaa?ioea ?noi??? C.A.Eeoieiaiaa) Eeoieiaiaa
C.A. Noae?inueeee oioae?oa?iee ?aaeei oa iie?oe/i? ?ai?an?? e?ioey 30-o
?ie?a a Oe?a?i? (ia?aaaaeii ia iaoa??aeao Aeiiaano). – Aeiiaoeuee: Aeii.
AeO, 1996. – 144 n.). Oa?aeoa?iith ?enith ?? i?aoe? ? ni?iaa iieacaoe
?ai?an?? ia cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o? a eiioaeno? ianiaeo ea?aeueieo
iia?aoe?e o oaooa?nueeiio Aeiiaan?.

A?o/eciyia ?noi?e/ia iaoea 90-o i?aaia i?iaiae?coaaoe i?e/eie, o?ae ?
iane?aeee ?ai?an?e ia ie?aieo cae?cieoeyo. ?.I.Neey?aiei, ?icaeyaeath/e
neooaoe?th ia I?aaeaiii-Cao?aei?e iaa?no?ae?, ia iaiaaeo?oueny ia?ae?eii
a?ia?ao?/ieo a?aeiiinoae i?i ?ai?aniaaieo, a e iaiaaa?oueny c’ynoaaoe
nooue ?noi?e/ieo i?ioean?a.) Neey?aiei ?.I. Caeiaeieeaie noaee
cae?cie/ieee // C a?o?a?a AO*E-AeIO-IEAAe-EAA.- 1994.- ?1.- N.171-181.).
Oaia iie?oe/ieo ?ai?an?e na?aae cae?cie/iee?a ciaeoea a?aeia?aaeaiiy a
i?aoeyo, i?enay/aieo ?noi??? ?ioeo iaa?no?aeae) Aei?iaa e ethaee / Aao.
eie.: A.I. Eanueyiaiei (?oe) e ae?. – Iaeanna: Iaye, 1991.- 270 n.;
?aaei Ae.I. Iocae THaeiie aeaeaciie aei?iae. – Oa?ueeia: I?aii?, 1990. –
40 n. ). Ia aeaeue, a?eueo?noue aaoi??a iaiaaeo?oueny a?ia?ao?yie
ea??aiiai neeaaeo cae?cieoeue, caeeoath/e iica oaaaith aeieth ?yaeiaeo
i?aoe?aiee?a.

Aiae?coth/e iioae?eiaai? i?aoe?, iaiao?aeii a?aecia/eoe, ui,
iacaaaeath/e ia iayai?noue /eiaei? e?eueeino? ioae?eaoe?e c
aeine?aeaeoaaii? oaie, a oe?a?inuee?e ?noi??ia?ao?? a?aenooi?
niaoe?aeuei? ocaaaeueithth/? ?iaioe, i?enay/ai? i?iaeaiai
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueeeo cae?cieoeue a ia??iae
noaiiaeaiiy aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeieo iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy ia?iaeiei
ainiiaea?noaii, eaae?ia?e iie?oeoe? oa iie?oe/iei ?ai?an?yi na?aae
cae?cie/iee?a. Inoaii?, ia iaoo aeoieo, ne?ae ?icaeyaeaoe a eiioaeno?
ianiaeo iacaeiiieo ia?ane?aeoaaiue oaoi?/ii? ?ioae?aaioe??, e?aueo
i?aaenoaaiee?a ?ia?oie/iai eeano.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Caaino?aiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? neooaoe?? ia
cae?cieoeyo Oe?a?ie oa iiooe oeyo?a aeoiaeo c e?ece” i?iaiae?ciaaii
?icaeoie cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo Oe?a?ie a e?i. 20-30-o ??., yeee
oa?aeoa?ecoaaany ia?iaiaioiei caaino?aiiyi nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii?
neooaoe??, iaae?iiyi o?oaeiai? aeenoeeie?ie oa ae?iaie/eo iieaciee?a,
c?inoaiiyi ieeiiino? ?iai/i? neee oa e?eueeino? aaa??e ? eaoano?io,
iiiaioaie aeaci?aai?caoe?? cae?cie/iiai ainiiaea?noaa oa iaaei?aaaeaieie
aeo?aoaie iaoa??aeueieo ? ethaenueeeo ?ano?n?a.

Cacia/aii, ui a 30-o ??. cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?oo oae ? ia aaeaeiny
?aae?coaaoe aiethioa?enonuee? ieaie aeuiai iie?oe/iiai ea??aieoeoaa
e?a?ie. Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? i?ioeane, ui a?aeaoaaeenue ia
cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o?, aoee o?nii iia’ycai? ?c noaiiaeaiiyi o e?a?i?
oioae?oa?ii? ?aeaieia?? ye a noni?eueiiio aeeoo?, oae ? a oi?aae?ii?
ia?iaeiei ainiiaea?noaii. Ia ci?io IAIo ?c eiai e?aa?aeueieie
i?aeoiaeaie aei oi?aae?iiy aeiiii?/ieie i?ioeanaie, aeaiaioaie ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei a e?i. 20-o ??. a e?a?i? ooaa?aeaeothoueny
aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaei?, aee?aeoeaii-aiethioa?enonuee? oa
iicaaeiiii?/i? iaoiaee ea??aieoeoaa ia?iaeiei ainiiaea?noaii. Iiaa?iaiiy
ia i?aeoeoe? ia ii/. 30-o ??. aei caaie?oo?ei? iie?oeee “ai?iiiai
eiioi?cio”, ui aacoaaeany ia a?aeie?aii? oiaa?ii-a?ioiaeo a?aeiinei,
aieiio aaei?i?no?oaaii? oa i?eion?, noaei aecia/aeueiei a aeiiii?/i?e
iie?oeoe? N?N? ia aeiaa? ?iee.

Iacia/i? eai?oaeiaeeaaeaiiy, a a aeaye? ?iee ? i?yia aeeo/aiiy oa
ia?a?iciiae?e i?eaooeo cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo ia ei?enoue ?ioeo aaeocae
ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa, i?ecaaee aei iaaecae/aeii? ciioaiino? iniiaieo
oiiae?a cae?cieoeue Oe?a?ie. Oaioe/i? ni?iae aeuiai aea?aeaaiiai oa
iie?oe/iiai ea??aieoeoaa e?a?ie ai?iaaaeeoe aeaiaioe aini?ic?aooieo,
i?aeaeueoe i?iaeoeoeai?noue i?aoe? oeyoii iaoa??aeueiiai noeioethaaiiy
cae?cie/iee?a cae?i/oaaeenue ooaa?aeaeaiiyi ua a?eueoi? oeaio?ae?caoe??
a oi?aae?ii? o?ainii?oii, iaiaaeaiiyi ?i?oe?aoeae ye i?inoeo
i?aoe?aiee?a, oae ? ea??aiee?a aaeoc?.

O na?oe? oeueiai eiinoaoo?oueny, ui cacia/ai? i?ioeane ?acii ?c
iecueeith ca?ia?oiith ieaoith, iacaaeia?eueieie iaoa??aeueiei oa
i?iaeiaieue/ei caaacia/aiiyi i?ecaiaeeee aei iaae?iiy o?oaeiai?
aeenoeeie?ie, ieeiiino? ?iai/i? neee, noeo?eieo no?aee?a. Iniaeeai
neeaaeiith neooaoe?y ia cae?cieoeyo Oe?a?ie aeaeaeany ia ii/aoeo
30-o ??. Aeeni?iii?oe?y, iciaee yei? iai?oeeenue ua a na?aaeei?
20-o ??., i?ae oaiiaie ?icaeoeo o?ainii?oo ? aaeocyie, ye? caaacia/oaaee
eiai oaoi?/ia ia?aica?i?iiy oa ei?enooaaeeny eiai iineoaaie, aeinyaea
e?eoe/ieo iaae. Aeeiiaiiy ??/ieo ieai?a ia?aaacaiue ia ia?aaeuoaaei
50-60 %.

E?ecia? yaeua ia ii/aoeo 30-o ??. iineeeee iino?ei? cao?eiee ?c
aeieaoith ca?ia?oii? ieaoe, a?aeaeeeny ia iinoa/aii? cae?cie/iee?a
i?iaeiaieuenoaii. Caaaeaiee eiiieaen i?iaeai i?eca?a aei ?icai?oaiiy
noeo?eiiai no?aeeiaiai ?ooo i?aoe?aiee?a cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo
Oe?a?ie. Neooaoe?y ?c i?iaeiaieue/ei caaacia/aiiyi iniaeeai caaino?eeany
no?aoiiai 1933 ?., eiee ia aaaaoueio cae?cie/ieo aoceao oa noaioe?yo
?a?no?oaaeeny iania? aeiaaeee aieiaeii? nia?o?.

Ooaaeai? a na?aaeei? 30-o ??. aeuei iie?oe/iei ea??aieoeoaii e?a?ie
??oaiiy uiaei ca?eueoaiiy eai?oaeiaeeaaeaiue a o?ainii?o, i?iaaaeaiiy
oa?eoii? ?aoi?ie, ?ai?aai?caoe?? ath?ie?aoe/iiai oi?aae?inueeiai aia?aoo
aeicaieeee aeaui noaa?e?coaaoe ?iaioo cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo oa
iie?aueoe nioe?aeueia caaacia/aiiy eiai i?aoe?aiee?a. I?ioa, aeeiiaoe
ieaiia? caaaeaiiy aoae?aieoeoaa iiaeo eie?e, ?icoe?aiiy ?nioth/i?
cae?cie/ii? ia?aae?, aaioaaeieo ? ianaaee?nueeeo ia?aaacaiue oae ? ia
aaeaeiny.

Aiae?c a?o?aieo aeaea?ae na?ae/eoue, ui o.ca. “aaeeeee no?eaie” o
aaaee?e i?iieneiaino? a ?iee ?iaeono??ae?caoe?? i?eca?a eeoa aei aaeeei?
aeaci?aai?caoe?? oa iaaecae/aeiiai oneeaaeiaiiy aeiiii?/ii? neooaoe?? ia
o?eueee ia cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o?, aea e o ia?iaeiiio ainiiaea?noa? a
oe?eiio.

Aacia?a/ii, ? ?icaeoie cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo, ? ia?iaeiiai
ainiiaea?noaa e?a?ie ia iiaeia ?icaeyaeaoe eeoa o aeaeyae? i?yii? e?i??,
caaaeaee e?ooi ni?yiiaaii? aeiieco. Ana aoei ia oeueiio neeaaeiiio ?
noia?a/eeaiio oeyoo: ? aaaeei caeieai? aa?’??e, ? iiooaei? ?eaee
aia?aae, ? a?oa? iiieeee oa i?i?aooiee, ? oiia?eueiaiiy oaii?a. I?ioa
iiooe aeoiaeo c e?ece iaeaea ia aeoiaeea ca ?aiee aaei?i?no?oaaiiy,
aee?aeoeaieo iaeac?a, ii?aeueiiai oa o?ce/iiai caeyeoaaiiy ?ia?oiee?a.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? “Iaaaoeai? oaiaeaioe?? a eaae?ia?e iie?oeoe? oa ?o
aieea ia ii?aeueii-ineoieia?/io aoiinoa?o o ae?iaie/eo eieaeoeaao”
aeine?aeaeaii iaoiaee ? caniae ae??oaiiy eaae?iaeo ieoaiue ia
cae?cieoeyo Oe?a?ie. Aiae?c eaae?iai? iie?oeee o oe?e aaeoc? coiiaea
aeie?aieaiiy o?ueio ?? neeaaeiaeo:

?. E?iaoeue 20-o ??. Iicia/aiee ai?ioueaith ?c aac?ia?ooyi, iineeaiiyi
eaae?iaeo /enoie ca nioe?aeueieie, iaoe?iiaeueieie, ?ae?a?eieie
iciaeaie, cieaeaiiyi ina?oiueiai ??aiy oa ae?eiai? eaae?o?eaoe??
ea??aiiai neeaaeo, ii/aoeii aeieuaiiy noa?eo niaoe?ae?no?a.

??. Ii/aoie 30-o ??. Oa?aeoa?eco?oueny noia?a/eeaeie ? iaiaeiicia/ieie
i?ioeanaie. C iaeiiai aieo, ea??aieoeoai aaeoccth iaiaaa?oueny cae??ieoe
ae?iaie/? oa ?iaeaia?i? eaae?e, ca?eueoeoe ?o e?euee?niee oa ye?niee
neeaae, i?aeaeueoe ina?oi?e ??aaiue oi?aae?ioe?a, ai?iaaaeeoe
ia?niiaeueio a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue. C ?ioiai — i?aeoeea eaae?iaeo /enoie
iaaoaa? ua a?eueoeo ?iciao?a. ?i?oe?aoeaa a ?o i?iaaaeaii? iinooiiai
ia?aoiaeeoue a?ae IE ?N? aei i?aai?a IEAN.

???. Na?aaeeia — e?iaoeue 30-o ??. Aecia/a?oueny caaino?aiiyi
ii?aeueii-ineoieia?/iiai noaio a o?oaeiaeo eieaeoeaao, ooaa?aeaeaiiyi a
na?aaeiaeu? oi?aae?inueeeo eaae??a iani?eeaino?, ianeaiino?, iaiaaaiiy
ooeeeoeny a?ae i?eeiyooy naiino?eieo ??oaiue. Ca?eueiaiiy c ?iaioe, a
ia?aaaaei?e a?eueoino?, noaei oaeoe/ii icia/aoe ianooiiee a?aoo aai
aeaii?oaoe?th ca iaae? Oe?a?ie.

Aiae?c aeieoiaioaeueieo iaoa??ae?a, iia’ycaieo ?c ?aae?caoe??th
eaae?iai? iie?oeee ia oe?a?inueeeo cae?cieoeyo, aeicaiey? aeae?eeoe oae?
iniiai? iiiaioe:

– eaae?iaa iie?oeea nie?aeany ia aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaei? iaoiaee, ye?
iieyaaee o iineeaii? eiio?ieth c aieo aeaaeieo no?oeoo?, i?aai?a AeIO,
a?iiaaenueeeo i?aai?caoe?e oiui. Aiie caiaeeeeny, aieiaiei /eiii, aei
iaiaa?oioiaaieo ca?eueiaiue, ia?iaiaioieo ia?ai?uaiue, /enoie,
noi?iaiaeaeoaaeeny ianiaaieie ?aeaieia?/ieie eaiiai?yie;

– ia?ai?uaiiy, /enoee, ?io? aaei?i?no?aoeai? caoiaee iicaaaeyee o?oaeia?
eieaeoeae cae?cie/iee?a, ye i?aaeei, iaea?eueo eaae?o?eiaaieo oao?aoe?a
c /enea noa?i? oaoi?/ii? ?ioae?aaioe??. Oea iaaaoeaii a?aeaeaaeiny ia
ina?oiueiio ??ai? eiiaiaeiiai oa ae?iaie/iai yae?a cae?cie/iiai
o?ainii?oo, ni?eyei a?aeoieo i?ia?aeieo niaoe?ae?no?a a ?io? aaeoc?
ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa;

– ni?iaa aaeaoeny aei i?eioniaiai iiaa?iaiiy eieeoi?o i?aoe?aiee?a
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo ia iiia?aaei? i?noea ?iaioe ni?e/eieea ua
a?eueoa iaae?iiy o?oaeiai? ? ae?iaie/i? aeenoeeie?ie;

– o i?ecia/aii? ia iinaaee ia ia?aaei?e ieai aeoiaeeee ia i?ioan?ei? oa
ae?eia? yeino?, a iie?oe/ia oa ?aeaieia?/ia caaiaaaeiaai?noue, “/enoioa”
nioe?aeueiiai iioiaeaeaiiy oa aeoeaia aoa?noe/ia iiceoe?y;

– iaiaaaiiy ia ii/aoeo 30-o ??. anoaiiaeoe ?aeeiiia/aeuei?noue ia
cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o? aoee caaaeai? iai?aaoeue ??ciiiai?oieie
ia?aa??eaie, iino?eiei ao?o/aiiyi o ainiiaea?nueeee iaoai?ci ia?o?eieo
eii?oao?a ??cieo ??ai?a;

– eaae?ia? ia?anoaiiaee, /enoee ia eeoa ia iie?ioeee ?iaioo cae?cie/iiai
o?ainii?oo, a e iaaaoeaiei /eiii aieeioee ia ae?iaie/? iieacieee
oe?a?inueeeo cae?cieoeue;

– iaei??th c iaea?eueo aaiaaieo noi??iie o /enoeao aaeoc? aoa ??
a?aeaa?oi oia?i?noe/iee oa?aeoa?. I?aenoaaith aeey ca?eueiaiiy iiaea
neoaoaaoe, ie??i anueiai ?ioiai, ? iaoe?iiaeueia i?eiaeaaei?noue;

– i?iaaaeaiiy iie?oeee, iaoiiaeaii? aeyaeaiiyi “eeaniaeo,
nioe?aeueii-/oaeeo aeaiaio?a”, aeeeeeaei iai?oaeaiiy a o?oaeiaeo
eieaeoeaao, noai?thaaei aoiinoa?o iaaeia??e, i?aeic??eino?,
iaaiaaiaiino? a caao?aoiueiio aei?;

– ye aeiaaea iiaeaeueoa i?aeoeea, ??ciiai ?iaeo /enoee noaee
nai???aeiith i?aaeoa/ath ianiaeo ?ai?an?e na?aae cae?cie/iee?a a 30-o
??.

A?aoo?, aeena?oaio aeiaiaeeoue, ui iai?ee?ioe? 30-o ??. a eaae?ia?e
iie?oeoe? ?aaeyinueei? aea?aeaae aoa c?iaeaiee oaeee aeniiaie: yeui
aaei?i?no?aoeai? caoiaee ia aeathoue iaeaaeiiai aoaeoo, ?o o?aaa
iineeeoe. A 1938-1940 ??. ?IE N?N?, OeE AEI(a) oa Aa?oiaia ?aaea N?N?
ooaaeththoue ?yae ??oaiue, ye? ua a?eueoa iineethaaee noa??
aaei?i?no?aoeaii-iaeacia? iaoiaee ?aaoethaaiiy o?oaeiai? aeenoeeie?ie oa
i?aeaeuaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe?, cie?aia, noiniaii aaei?i?no?aoeaiiai
oa e?ei?iaeueiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa uiaei ii?ooiee?a aeenoeeie?ie.
A?aeaoaa?oueny inoaoi/ia “cae??ia/aiiy” ?ia?oiee?a ia iiia?aaeiueiio
i?noe? ?iaioe. A a 1940 ?. ?c ia?aoiaeii ia ainueieaiaeeiiee ?iai/ee
aeaiue oa naieaeaiiee ?iai/ee oeaeaeaiue ? ca?eueoaiiyi ?iai/iai /ano
eiaeiiai o?oae?aieea ia 33 aiaeeie uii?nyoey aoee acaaae? e?ea?aeiaai?
o.ca. “caaithaaiiy ?aaiethoe??”.

O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? “?ai?an?? na?aae cae?cie/iee?a: i?e/eie ?
iane?aeee” aeine?aeaeaii ? aeiaaaeaii, ui iniaeeaino? ?iaioe
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo a 30-o ??., iaaeeaeaiiy oiia eiai
ooieoe?iioaaiiy aei a?enueeiai? i?aai?caoe??, iino?eia iaaeeiiaiiy
ieai?a aaioaaeieo oa ianaaee?nueeeo ia?aaacaiue, ca?eueoaiiy aaa??e oa
eaoano?io, iaoiiaethaaee iino?eio “oaaao” aei iueiai c aieo ea?aeueieo
i?aai?a ?aaeyinueei? aea?aeaae. A aeena?oaoe?? cacia/a?oueny, ui
eaae?ia? ao?aoe na?aae cae?cie/iee?a iin?aeathoue /?eueia i?noea a
noiiiio ia?oe?ieic? aea?oa noae?inueeeo ?ai?an?e ? oe?eeii aienothoueny
a caaaeueiee eiioaeno neooaoe??, ui neeaeany a e?a?i?. I?eueeiie ethaeae
i?ieoee e??cue iau? “Noe?eee ? Oa?eaaee”. Ianiaee oa?i? ioiiea on? aac
aeiyoeo i?ioa?ee ianaeaiiy, iaoe?iiaeuei? oa i?ioan?ei? a?oie.

Aiae?c a?o?aieo aeieoiaio?a aeuiai iie?oe/iiai ea??aieoeoaa e?a?ie oa
niaoeneoaea na?ae/eoue, ui ea?aeuei? caoiaee aea?aeaae i?ioe
o?oae?aiee?a cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo caii/aoeiaothoueny iae?aco ae ii
anoaiiaeaii? a?eueoiaeoeueei? aeeeoaoo?e. A 20-o ??. a?no?y ea?aeueii?
iaoeie aoei iai?aaeaia a iniiaiiio ia ?iaeaia??a noa?i? aaia?aoe??.
Noiiia?aeii? i?ioeane iaae oaooa?yie, “I?iiia?o??th” caeo/eee a naith
i?a?oo ? i?aoe?aiee?a cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo.

Ia ii/aoeo 30-o ??. oaaaa niaoeneoaea aoea caa?iaia ia “aee?eooy”
eiio??aaiethoe?eieo a?oi, ye? i?ae-oi neeaaeaeeny c
eo?eoeuenueei-iaiiainueeeo aeaiaio?a. Oeny/? cae?cie/iee?a, ui iaee
ca’ycie ?c n?euenueeei ainiiaea?noaii, aoee “caeo/ai?” i?aaiaie AeIO aei
eiio??aaiethoe?eieo iianoainueeeo i?aai?caoe?e.

A ae?oa?e iieiaei? 30-o ??., a ia??iae “aaeeeiai oa?i?o”, eiee
?aaeyinueea noni?euenoai aoei o?aaeaia ianiaei ineoicii iiooeo
“oe?aeiee?a-eiio??aaiethoe?iia??a”. Ia cae?cieoeyo Oe?a?ie neeaie IEAN
iaeia ca iaeiith “aee?eaathoueny” ??ciiiai?oi? iaoe?iiae?noe/i?,
oieaoinuee?, o?ioeuee?nonuee? oa ?i. i?aai?caoe??. A oeae ia??iae
cieuo?oueny i?aeoe/ii aanue ea??aiee neeaae cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo.

Aeaoaeueiee ?icaeyae iane?aee?a iie?oe/ieo ?ai?an?e na?aae cae?cie/iee?a
aeicaieea aaoi?o c?icoi?oe ?o /?oeo eia?eo oa i?e/eie.

Ii-ia?oa, ?ai?an?? a?ae?a?aee cia/io ?ieue a ooaa?aeaeaii?
ainiiaea?nueeiai iaoai?cio, caniiaaiiai ia eiiaiaeieo, aaei?i?no?aoeaieo
oa oeaio?ae?nonueeeo iaoiaeao oi?aae?iiy.

Ii-ae?oaa, aiie noaee iniiaith i?ioeano iinooiiaiai ia?aaaaeaiiy
?aaeyinueeiai noni?euenoaa ia oioae?oa?i?, iiii?aeaieia?/i? ?aeee, yeee
aee?enoae?coaaany /a?ac iiiiiie?caoe?th aeaaee, i?aeii?yaeeoaaiiy
?ioa?an?a iniaenoino? aano?aeoiei aea?aeaaiei ?ioa?anai; /a?ac
iaeiiia?o?ei?noue, a cia/eoue — c?iuaiiy ia?o?eiiai ? aea?aeaaiiai
aia?aoo; /a?ac aei?noeee eiio?ieue ia?oaia?aoo iaae ?ioi?iaoe??th,
aeooiaiei aeeooyi ethaeeie oiui.

Ii-o?ao?, iiae?ai? ae?? noaa?aeaeoaaee aaniethoio aeaaeo aeeeoaoi?a,
ciaoeiaeaeoaaee iioaioe?eieo eiieo?aio?a, ooai?thaaee ?ethc?th
iaiia??oeiino?, ian?ainueei? i?e?a/aiino?, eoeueoiaino? iniae.

Ii-/aoaa?oa, aeoea?coaaee ethaenueeee oaeoi?, i?aeo?eioaaee iieoi’y
iaeaea ?ae?a?eii? a??e a e?aua iaeaooi?, ui aeiiiiaaaei i?ino?e ethaeei?
no?eei ia?aiineoe uiaeaii? o?oaeiiu? aeeooy, noeioethaaei ianiaee
o?oaeiaee aiooc?aci. ?ai?an?? noaee i?inoei ? c?icoi?eei iiyniaiiyi
i?e/ei aaa??e ia ae?iaieoeoa?, ianoa/? oiaa??a iianyeaeaiiiai iiieoo,
o?oaeiiu?a c i?iaeiaieue/ei caaacia/aiiyi… Nii/aoeo a onueiio aeiieie
aoee “eo?eoe?” oa “ao?aeoaci? niaoe?ae?noe”; iio?i — i?aaenoaaieee
aenieoaoaoi?nueeeo eean?a, ui “i?ia?aeeny” ia a?aeiia?aeaeuei? iinaaee;
aeae? — /eneaii? iaoe?iiaeuei? a?oie, “caaa?aiaai?” ?iicaiieie
?ica?aeeaie; iainoaiie — eiioi?noe, i?eoeeueieee ?aeae O?ioeueeiai.

Ianiaee oa?i?, aeeiiaaoe i?n?th anoaiiaeaiiy oaa?aei? aeenoeeie?ie,
ae?iaeaoe a aaaaoueio ethaeae ?aanueeo na?aeii?noue, iii?aa/eaoe
caaaeueiiethaenueeo ii?aeue, oae ? ia ci?a ae??oeoe caaaeaiiy uiaei
iie?auaiiy ae?iaie/eo iieaciee?a, ca?eueoaiiy i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe?
oiui. Iaaiaee, cieuaiiy ea??aieoeoaa cae?cieoeue, a?aooe iaea?eueo
eaae?o?eiaaieo oa aeina?ae/aieo niaoe?ae?no?a ? ?ia?oiee?a, aoiinoa?a
no?aoo, iaaiaaiaiino? oa i?aeic?e i?eaaee aei iineaaeaiiy ?iaeaia?ii?
neoaeae, ?icoeooaaiiy o?oaeiai? ? oaoiieia?/ii? aeenoeeie?ie, o?ii?/iiai
iaaeeiiaiiy ieai?a aaioaaeieo oa ianaaee?nueeeo ia?aaacaiue.

Ca na?ae/aiiyi aeieoiaio?a, eeoa a 1939 ?. nioaa aaeeeiai oa?i?o
iinooieeany aeaye?e iie?oe/i?e a?aeeec?, yea, ia aeaeue, ia icia/aea
iiaii? a?aeiiae a?ae aioeeiinoeoooe?eiiai ia?ane?aeoaaiiy aeaniiai
ia?iaeo. Caoaia i?aeoeea uiaei ae??oaiiy o?oaeiiu?a o ia?iaeiiio
ainiiaea?noa? e?a?ie oa ia cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o? cie?aia ca ?aooiie
iiooeo ??ciiiai?oieo ai?ia?a, oieaoi?a oa aeeaa?naio?a i?iaeiaaeoaaea
?nioaaoe ? a ianooii? ?iee.

O aeniiaeao aeena?oaoe?? c?iaeaii ocaaaeueiaiiy c aieiaieo i?iaeai
aeine?aeaeaiiy.

O i?ioean? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eo?no ?iaeono??ae?caoe?? ooai?eeeny cia/i?
aeeni?iii?oe?? a ?icaeoeo ??cieo aaeocae ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa.
Iacaaeia?eueia iinoa/aiiy i?iieneia?noth e?a?ie iaeaaeiaiiy,
aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a oa caianieo /anoei, iecueea ye?noue ?aiiioo
?ooiiiai neeaaeo, aaceaae o ia?o?ooecaoe?? ii?cae?a oa oaioe/ia
ieaioaaiiy, ciainiaeaia ?caea noaee aeiaeaoeiaeie /eiieeaie, ui
eaoae?coaaee ia ii/. 30-o ??. e?eco aaioaaeieo ? ianaaee?nueeeo
ia?aaacaiue cae?cieoeyie Oe?a?ie. Iaiaaaiiy aea?aeaaiiai e aaeocaaiai
ea??aieoeoaa e?a?ie oeyoii aee?aeoeaieo iaeac?a, aei?noeiai
aaei?i?no?oaaiiy, ooaa?aeaeaiiy ua a?eueoi? oeaio?ae?caoe?? a oi?aae?ii?
aieeiooe ia iieacieee ?iaioe cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo i?ecaaei aei ua
a?eueoi? aeaci?aai?caoe?? cae?cie/ieo ia?aaacaiue.

A aeine?aeaeoaaiee ia??iae iaaecae/aeii caaino?eeiny ? nioe?aeueia
noaiiaeua i?aoe?aiee?a cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo, ui e iaoiiaeei iaae?iiy
i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoe? oa o?oaeiai? aeenoeeie?ie, c?inoaiiy ieeiiino?
?iai/i? neee oa e?eueeino? aaa??e ? eaoano?io. Eeoa a na?aaeei? 30-o ??.
ea??aieoeoao aaeoc? aaeaeiny iaaiith i??ith noaa?e?coaaoe ?iaioo
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo oa nioe?aeueia caaacia/aiiy eiai i?aoe?aiee?a.

Aaei?i?no?aoeai? ao?o/aiiy o ae??oaiiy eaae?iai? iie?oeee, naaa?euei?
aeeo/aiiy oa /enoee iaeiaaaoeai?oei /eiii aieeioee ia noai
cae?cie/iee?a, a?aeaeeeny ia ?o caaaeueiiio oaoiaiio ??ai?, i?ecaaee aei
aaaaoueio ae?iaie/eo eiioe?eo?a. Aeineoue iioe?aieie caniaaie aieeao ia
oaoi?/io ?ioae?aaioe?th, ?ia?oieoeoai noaee iie?oe/i? ?ai?an??,
noaa?eeiaai? noaeia? i?ioeane, ui noi?iaiaeaeoaaee i?aeoe/ii anth
?noi??th Oe?a?ie ia??iaeo ?aaeyinueei? aeaaee. Ia i’yoe oe?a?inueeeo
cae?cieoeyo ca oeae ei?ioeee ia??iae aaiioeeaeo i?aaiai IEAN aaeaeiny
caeioaaoeoe a eiio??aaiethoe?ei?e ae?yeueiino? ? canoaeeoe aei AII
aeaa’yoiaaeoeyoue ia/aeueiee?a oeeo iaa?no?aeae. Oeny/? a?aeaeaieo
?aaeeiia?, i? a /iio iaaeiieo ethaeae aoei i?eianaii ia aea?oiaiee
caaie?oo?e?e ?aea?.

INIIAI? IIEIAEAIIss AeENA?OAOe?EIIAI AeINE?AeAEAIIss

AEEEAAeAII A IOAE?EAOe?ssO:

1. Aeaye? ieoaiiy aaiaceno oioae?oa?ii? ?aeaieia?? // ?noi??y Oe?a?ie.
Iaeia?aeii? ?iaia, iiae??, oaeoe (ca??iee noaoae). – Ee?a: ?inoeooo
?noi??? Oe?a?ie IAI Oe?a?ie, Aieiaia ?aaeaeoe?eia eieaa?y
iaoeiai-aeieoiaioaeueii? na??? eiea “?aaa?e?oiaai? ?noi???th”. – E.,
1996. – N. 402-408.

2. Ea?aeuei? iia?aoe?? ia oe?a?inueeeo cae?cieoeyo a ia?o?e iieiaei?
30-o ??. // C a?o?a?a AO*E-AIO-IEAAe-EAA. – E., 1997. – ?1-2. – N.
119-127.

3. Eaae?ia? ao?aoe oe?a?inueeeo cae?cieoeue a oiae? ianiaeo iia?aoe?e
AeIO-IEAN ON?? “Ii i/euaiith i?eei?aeiiii? nioae” // ?noi??y Oe?a?ie.
Iaeia?aeii? ?iaia, iiae??, oaeoe (Ca??iee noaoae). Aeione 2. – E.:
??aeiee e?ae, 1997. – N. 239-246.

4. Ea?aeuei? iia?aoe?? i?aai?a IEAN Oe?a?ie ii aeeo/aiith
“o?ioeuee?nonueei-c?iia’?anueeeo aeaiaio?a” ia cae?cie/iiio o?ainii?o?
// ?noi??y Oe?a?ie. Iaeia?aeii? ?iaia, iiae??, oaeoe (Ca??iee noaoae).
Aeione 3. – E.:??aeiee e?ae, 1998. – N. 125-136.

5. Iai’yoee ?noi??? oaoi?ee ye ia’?eoe oo?ecio (ia iaoa??aeao iai’yoie
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo) // Oo?enoe/ii-e?a?ciaa/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. O
aeaio /anoeiao. – E.: EI-O?aeaeeia, 1998. – *.??. – N. 101-105.

6. Ai?ioueaa c “oea?eiaii-naeoaionueeeie aeaiaioaie” ia oe?a?inueeeo
cae?cieoeyo a 20-30-o ??. // O?enoeyinoai ? eoeueoo?a: ?noi??y,
o?aaeeoe??, no/ani?noue. Ca. iaoe. i?aoeue. – Iieoaaa, 1998. – N. 13-16.

AIIOAOe?ss

Aiiaea?/oe TH.I. Cae?cie/iee o?ainii?o Oe?a?ie a oiiaao ooaa?aeaeaiiy
aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeieo iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy ia?iaeiei ainiiaea?noaii
(e?i. 20-o — 30-o? ??.). — ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa ?noi?e/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 07.00.01 — ?noi??y Oe?a?ie. — Aei?i?iiao?ianueeee
aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao, Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ieoaiiyi eiiieaeniiai aea/aiiy ?noi???
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo a ia??iae oi?ioaaiiy ia Oe?a?i?
aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeii? aeiiii?ee. A aeena?oaoe?? ia iniia?
e?eoe/iiai aiae?co ?noi?e/ii? e?oa?aoo?e, aaaaeaiiy a iaoeiaee ia?a
i?ea?iaeueieo aeaea?ae aena?oeththoueny o?e aca?iiiia’ycai? neeaaeia?
ia?aii? oaie: caaino?aiiy nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? neooaoe?? ia
cae?cieoeyo Oe?a?ie oa iiooe oeyo?a aeoiaeo c e?ece; iaaaoeai?
oaiaeaioe?? a eaae?ia?e iie?oeoe? oa ?o aieea ia ii?aeueii-ineoieia?/io
aoiinoa?o o ae?iaie/eo eieaeoeaao; i?e/eie ? iane?aeee iie?oe/ieo
?ai?an?e na?aae i?aoe?aiee?a cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo. Cai?iiiiiaai? o
aeena?oaoe?? ?acoeueoaoe ? aeniiaee iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? aeey
i?aeaioiaee ooiaeaiaioaeueieo i?aoeue ?c nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii? ?noi???
Oe?a?ie, ?ic?iaee ii?iaoeaieo ? niaoe?aeueieo eo?n?a o aeueo oa
na?aaei?o iaa/aeueieo caeeaaeao, ui aeioneathoue niaoe?ae?no?a
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo, ?aae?caoe?? aea?aeaaii? i?ia?aie ii oa?/iaiith
iai’yo? iaoeo ni?aa?o/eciee?a, aea?oa noae?inueeiai aaiioeeaeo.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeia nenoaia, cae?cieoe?,
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iee, e?eca, eaae?iaa iie?oeea, ?ai?an??.

SUMMARY

Y. P. Bondarchuk. Ukraine’s Railway Transport under the Conditions of
Statement of Administrative — Commanding Methods of Facilities governing
National Economy (end of the 20-ies — 30-ies). — Manuscript.

Dissertation for a Candidate’s Degree in History, Specialisation
07.00.01 — History of Ukraine. — Dniepropetrovsk State University,
Dniepropetrovsk, 1999.

The dissertation deals with an integrated study of history of railway
transport in the period of formation of Ukraine’s administrative –
commanding economy. Based on a critical analysis of historical
literature, scientifically compiled of original sources, the
dissertation throws light on the three interrelated constituents of the
theme under investigation: aggravation of socio-economic situation on
Ukraine’s railways and search of overcoming the crisis; negative
tendencies in the cadre policy and their impact on the moral and
psychological atmosphere in production collectives; causes and
consequences of political repression’s on railway transport workers. The
results of this investigation and the conclusions obtained in the
dissertation may be used in preparation of fundamental works on
Ukraine’s socio-economic history, in elaboration of curriculum and
optional courses for higher-educational and secondary technical schools
training railway transport specialists, and also in realising the state
programme of perpetuating the memory of our compatriots who became
victims in the period of Stalinist genocide.

Key words: administrative-commanding system, railways, socio-economic,
crisis, cadre policy, repression.

AIIIOAOeEss

Aiiaea?/oe TH. I. AEaeaciiaei?iaeiue o?ainii?o Oe?aeiu a oneiaeyo
ooaa?aeaeaiey aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiuo iaoiaeia oi?aaeaiey ia?iaeiui
oicyenoaii (eii. 20-o – 30-oua
aa.). — ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/?iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa enoi?e/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 07.00.01. — Enoi?ey Oe?aeiu. — Aeiai?iiao?ianeee
ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao, Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai eiiieaeniiai eco/aiey enoi?ee
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa a ia?eiae oi?ie?iaaiey ia Oe?aeia
aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiie yeiiiieee. Ia iniiaa e?eoe/aneiai aiaeeca
enoi?e/aneie eeoa?aoo?u, aaaaeaiey a iao/iue iai?io i?eaeiaeueiuo
enoi/ieeia a aeenna?oaoeee inaauathony o?e acaeiinaycaiiua ninoaaiua
eca?aiiie oaiu: iaino?aiea nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeee ia
aeaeaciuo aei?iaao Oe?aeiu e iiene iooae auoiaea ec e?ecena; iaaaoeaiua
oaiaeaioeee a eaae?iaie iieeoeea e eo aeeyiea ia
ii?aeueii-ineoieiae/aneoth aoiinoa?o a i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo eieeaeoeaao;
i?e/eiu e iineaaenoaey iieeoe/aneeo ?ai?annee n?aaee ?aaioieeia
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa.

Aneaaenoaea ioeaie e i?in/aoia ?oeiaiaenoaa ainoaea?noaa a i?ioeanna
aiaae?aiey eo?na ia eiaeono?eaeecaoeeth ia?aciaaeenue cia/eoaeueiua
aeeni?iii?oeee a ?acaeoee ?acee/iuo iaeanoae ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa.
Iuooeiuie noaee e?eceniua yaeaiey e ia oe?aeineeo aeaeaciuo aei?iaao.
Iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiia niaaaeaiea i?iiuoeaiiinoueth no?aiu
iai?oaeiaaiey, no?ieoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia, ieceia ea/anoai ?aiiioa
iiaeaeaeiiai ninoaaa, ieioay ia?o?ooecaoeey aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo ninoaaia,
oaioe/aneia ieaie?iaaiea, e iaacee/aiiay acaea — an? yoi nua?aei ?ieue
aeiiieieoaeueiuo oaeoi?ia, eioi?ua iaoneiaeee a ia/. 30-o aa. e?ecen
a?ociauo e iannaaee?neeo ia?aaicie aeaeaciuie aei?iaaie Oe?aeiu.

Iiiuoee ainoaea?noaaiiiai e io?aneaaiai ?oeiaiaenoaa no?aiu iiaeeyoue
iooai aee?aeoeaiuo i?eeacia, ae?noeiai aaeieieno?e?iaaiey, ooaa?aeaeaiey
aua aieueoae oeaio?aeecaoeee a oi?aaeaiee ia iieacaoaee ?aaiou
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa i?eaaei e aua aieueoae aeaci?aaiecaoeee
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo ia?aaicie. A ia/aea 30-o aa. auiieiaiea
ainoaea?noaaiiuo ieaiia aeaeaciuie aei?iaaie Oe?aeiu ia i?aauoaei 60%.

A enneaaeoaiue ia?eiae /?acau/aeii iaino?eeinue e nioeeaeueiia
iieiaeaiea ?aaioieeia aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa, eioi?ia
i?aaeii?aaeaeeei iaaeaiea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea e o?oaeiaie
aeenoeeieeiu, aic?anoaiea oaeo/anoe ?aai/ae neeu, eiee/anoaa aaa?ee e
eaoano?io, aicieeiiaaiea noeoeeiiai caaanoiai/iiai aeaeaeaiey. E?aeia
iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiui auei niaaaeaiea ?aaioieeia o?ainii?oa i?iaeoeoaie
ieoaiey. Aneaaenoaea ieceeo ii?i ioionea i?iaeiaieuenoaey, iinoiyiiuo
caaea?aeae aai auaea/e a ia/. 30-o aa. aeinoaoi/ii /anouie noaiiayony
neo/ae aieiaea n?aaee aeaeaciiaei?iaeieeia. Caaieaaaiea ia aacaaeeiaue
io?e, nia?oiinoue n?aaee ?aaioieeia eae iaeuo, oae e aieueoeo
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo oceia e noaioeee, /eaiia eo naiae i?eia?aoatho
oa?aeoa? ianniaiai yaeaiey a 1932-1933 aa.

Eeoue a na?aaeeia 30-o aa. ?oeiaiaenoao no?aiu oaeaeinue a ii?aaeae?iiie
ia?a noaaeeece?iaaoue ?aaioo aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa e
nioeeaeueiia iaania/aiea aai ?aaioieeia. Oai ia iaiaa, auiieieoue
ia?aaeueiua ieaiiaua caaea/e ii no?ieoaeuenoao iiauo iooae, ?anoe?aieth
nouanoaothuae aeaeaciiaei?iaeiie naoe, a?ociauo e iannaaee?neeo
ia?aaicie oae e ia oaeaeinue.

Aaeieieno?aoeaiia aiaoaoaeuenoai a ?aoaiea eaae?iaie iieeoeee,
iaiainiiaaiiua oaieueiaiey e /enoee ii iioeaai nioeeaeueiiai,
iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey, iieeoe/aneeo e ?aeeaeiciuo acaeyaeia
?aaioieeia oe?aeineeo aeaeaciuo aei?ia a eii. 20-30-o aa.
iaaaoeaii iiaeeyei ia eo ninoiyiea, io?aceeinue ia iauai
i?ioanneiiaeueiii o?iaia aeaeaciiaei?iaeieeia, i?eaaei e iiiai/eneaiiui
i?iecaiaenoaaiiui eiioeeeoai.

Eaae?iaua /enoee, oaieueiaiey, ia?anoaiiaee auee aeaeaei ia
aaeeinoaaiiuie a a?naiaea ?oeiaiaenoaa no?aiu niiniaaie, eioi?ua
i?eiaiyeenue aeey iiaeaaeaiey ee/iinoe, i?aa?auaiey a? a aacioeaciue
iaoaieci oioaeeoa?iie nenoaiu. Aeinoaoi/ii ?ani?ino?aiaiiuie niiniaaie
aeeyiey ia oaoie/aneoth eioaeeeaaioeeth, ?aai/ee eeann noaee
iieeoe/aneea ?ai?annee, noaa?eeiaaiiua noaeaaiua i?ioeannu, eioi?ua
nii?iaiaeaeaee i?aeoe/anee anth enoi?eth Oe?aeiu ia?eiaea niaaoneie
aeanoe.

Iiiaieaoiaa aaniiuaaeiia i?aneaaeiaaiea aeaeaciiaei?iaeieeia ia/aeinue n
oie/oiaeaiey niaoeeaeenoia n aei?aaiethoeeiiiuie aeeieiiaie, auoiaeoeaa
ec “nioeeaeueii-/oaeeo” eeannia, a caaa?oeeinue ?ani?aaie iaae
?oeiaiaeeoaeyie io?anee, eioi?ua eiaee a naieo ea?iaiao ia?oeeiue aeeao.
Aiaeec a?oeaiuo aeieoiaioia aeieacuaaao, /oi ai aoi?ie iieiaeia 30-o
aiaeia auei oie/oiaeaii ?oeiaiaenoai anao aeaeaciuo aei?ia Oe?aeiu. A
iacia/aiea ia aeieaeiinoue aee?aeoi?a aeaeaciie aei?iae auei
naeaeaoaeuenoaii oiai, /oi yoiai ?oeiaiaeeoaey aeaeao nia?oiue i?eaiai?.

Ia iyoe oe?aeineeo aeaeaciuo aei?iaao ca yoio ei?ioeee ia?eiae
aaiioeeaea i?aaiaie IEAAe oaeaeinue i?aaeuyaeoue iaaeiaiea a
eiio??aaiethoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe e inoaeeoue e AII aeaayoiaaeoeaoue
ia/aeueieeia yoeo iaaeno?aeae. Ouny/e aa?iuo ?aaeeio, ie a /?i
iaaeiiaiuo ethaeae auei i?eianaii a aea?oao iaaie?ioeaoaeny eaeae.

I?aaeeiaeaiiua a aeenna?oaoeee ?acoeueoaou e auaiaeu iiaoo auoue
eniieueciaaiu aeey iiaeaioiaee ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo ?aaio ii
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie enoi?ee Oe?aeiu, aeey ?ac?aaioee ii?iaoeaiuo e
niaoeeaeueiuo eo?nia a aunoeo e n?aaeieo o/aaiuo caaaaeaieyo, eioi?ua
auioneatho niaoeeaeenoia aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa, aeey
?aaeecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiie i?ia?aiiu ii oaaeiaa/eaaieth iaiyoe iaoeo
niioa/anoaaiieeia, noaaoeo aea?oaaie a ia?eiae noaeeineiai aaiioeeaea.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiay nenoaia, aeaeaciua aei?iae,
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneee, e?ecen, eaae?iaay iieeoeea, ?ai?annee.

Eiii’thoa?ia aa?noea Aieoa?a N.A.

Caeaii aei iaai?o 24.02.99. I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 20.03.99. Oi?iao
60o90/16. Iai?? ae?oea?nueeee. Aa?i?oo?a Times New Roman. Oiia. ae?oe.
a?e. 1,5. Oe?aae 120 i?ei. Caiiaeaiiy ?378/99.

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