IAOe?IIAEUeIA AEAAeAI?ss IAOE OE?A?IE
?INOEOOO I?IAEAI IAOA??AEICIAANOAA
?i. ?.I.O?aioeaae/a
OIIEEA OAIA?A AANEE?AIA
OAeE: 539.2: 543.42: 620.19: 621.762.
?*-NIAEO?INEII?ss AeAOAEOIEO NOAI?A,
IAAAAeAIEO IAOAI?*IITH OA OA?I?*IITH
IA?IAEITH I?E?IE?ENOAE?*IEO NENOAI
01. 04. 07 O?ceea oaa?aeiai o?ea
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe
EE?A – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? i?iaeai iaoa??aeiciaanoaa IAI Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: ae. o.-i. i., n.i.n. Eaeac?e Ieeiea
Aaa?eeiae/,
?II IAIO, i?ia?aeiee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: /e.-ei?. IAIO, ae. o.-i. i. Aeei/oe Iaey
Aeaaeae?aia,
?II IAIO, caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eo
ae. o.-i. i., n.i.n. A?a/ei
Eaii?ae A?eai?iae/,
?inoeooo o?i?? iiaa?oi?,
i?ia?aeiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
I?ia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y: ?inoeooo o?ceee IAI Oe?a?ie, a?aeae?e
oioiaeoeaiino?
i. Ee?a
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 31 aa?aciy 1999 ?. i _14 aiae.
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee Ae 26.207.01 a ?inoeooo? i?iaeai
iaoa??aeiciaanoaa IAI Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: Ee?a, aoe.
E?aeeaeai?anueeiai, 3.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue a a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo i?iaeai
iaoa??aeiciaanoaa IAI Oe?a?ie.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 27_ _ethoiai_ 1999?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Iaaea?ii TH.A.
Anooi
O?ce/i? aeanoeaino? i?e?ie?enoae?/ieo nenoai aeeeeeathoue cia/iee
iaoeiaee oa i?eeeaaeiee ?ioa?an. A?aenooi?noue oi?o?eiaaieo iaoiae?a ?o
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeeeea? iano?eio iaiao?aei?noue ?icaeoeo iaoiaeieia??
?o aeine?aeaeaiiy aeey c’ynoaaiiy ye i?e?iaee noi?iiaaieo aeanoeainoae,
oae ? caeiiii??iinoae ?o iiaeeo?eoaaiiy ??cieie ciai?oi?ie ia?iaeaie.
Aeaia ?iaioa i?ena’y/aia oaeiio aeine?aeaeaiith iaoiaeii
?*-niaeo?ineii?? ?yaeo ??ciiiai?oieo aeen- ia?nieo c?ace?a, i?aeaeaieo
iaea?eueo aeei?enoiaoaaiei iaoai?/i?e oa oa?i?/i?e ia?iaeai.
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy
I?iaeaie o?ceee aeenia?nieo nenoai i?eaa?oathoue oaaao, iia`ycaio c ?o
i?aeoe/iei canoinoaaiiyi a ??cieo aaeocyo iaoee ? oaoi?ee. Io?eiaiiy
oaeeo nenoai c caaeaieie o?ceei-o?i?/ieie aeanoeainoyie i?aeoe/ii
iaiiaeeeaa aac ?icoi?iiy noo? i?ioean?a, ye? i?io?eathoue a no?oeoo??
iie?e?enoae?a i?e ciai?oi?o aieeaao. Caeaaei?noue o?ceei-o?i?/ieo
aeanoeainoae aeenia?nieo ii?ioe?a a?ae oiia io?eiaiiy noaaeoue ia?aae
aeine?aeieeii caaaeaiiy ?icoi?iiy i?e?iaee oaoiieia?/ieo aniaeo?a ?
ianooiiiai aeei?enoaiiy anoaiiaeaieo caeiiii??iinoae a i?aeoe/ieo
oe?eyo. Oaea ni?anoaaeaiiy aeaco? ia oa, ui i?e?iaea aeoeaiino?
aeenia?nieo ii?ioe?a iaoiiaeaia iayai?noth a ieo niaoeeo?/ieo aeaoaeoieo
noai?a. Oiio a aeiaaiio oaoiieia?/iiio eaioethao: neioac aeo?aeieo
eiiiiiaio?a i?eaiooaaiiy ?iai/eo nenoai neioac iaoa??aeo – cia/iee
?ioa?an aeeeeeathoue iniaeeaino? aaiethoe?? ?aaeueii? aeaoaeoii?
no?oeoo?e ?iai/i? aeenia?nii? nenoaie.
Oaeei /eiii, aaaeeea? oaoi?/i? oa o?ceei-o?i?/i? i?iaeaie aeoeaiino?
ii?ioe?a o?ainoi?iothoueny o Iineaaeothuaa acioe?iaaiea oaeeo ii?ioeia
inouanoaeyaony /a?ac neie ieo?eaea ia iiaa?oiinoe cia/i? o?ce/i? caaea/?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeenia?nieo nenoai ? ?ic?iaee iaoiaeieia?? ?o
aeaoaeoineii??.
A caaaeueiiio ieai? iaea?eueoee ?ioa?an i?aaenoaaey? ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i
oiieo aeaoaeoio no?oeoo?o (OAeN) aeenia?nieo nenoai, yea aeeth/a? a naaa
aeai? ia o?eueee i?i oi?io ? ?ici??e /anoie, i?i aaaaoi/enaeuei? oeie ?
eiioeaio?aoe?? aeaoaeo?a a aeenia?nieo nenoaiao, aea ? i?i ?o i?inoi?iao
eieae?caoe?th (a ?aieao /anoeiie, aa?aaaoo ? o. ae.). Aaeeea
aaaaoi/enaeuei?noue aeaoaeoieo noai?a ? a?aenooi?noue oi?o?eiaaieo
o?ceei-o?i?/ieo iaoiae?a ?o ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? coiiaeth?: a) aeei?enoaiiy
aeniei/ooeeaeo aei iaea?eueo oeiiaeo aeaoaeoieo noai?a o?ce/ieo iaoiae?a
aeine?aeaeaiue; a) ?ic?iaea iaoiaee/ieo i?aeoiae?a ?o ?aeaioeo?eaoe??,
aeine?aeaeaiiy ? anoaiiaeaiiy i?noeue ?o eieae?caoe??; a) ?ic?iaeo
iiaeaeueieo oyaeaiue i?i caeiiii??iino? oi?ioaaiiy ? aaiethoe??
aeaoaeoii? no?oeoo?e a aeenia?nieo na?aaeiaeuao i?e ciai?oi?o aieeaao,
ye? iiaee a ooi/ithaaoenue aeey eiie?aoiiai iaoa??aeo oa aeaeo aieeao.
A oe?e ?iaio? iniiaiei iaoiaeii aeine?aeaeaiue aoei aea?aii iaoiae
?io?a/a?aiii? niaeo?ineii?? (?*N), a a ?ie? aeiiii?aeieo
aeei?enoiaeaoaaeenue: AI?, ?OA, ?NA, aeaeo?iiia i?ina?/oth/a oa
neaioth/a i?e?ineii?y, aeenia?n?eiee aiae?c oa ?io.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie
?iaioo aeeaiaii ca athaeaeaoieie oaiaoeeaie ?II IAIO, i?enay/aiei
?ic?iaoe? iiaeo ea?ai?/ieo iaoa??ae?a, neioaco i?e?ie?enoae?/ieo
ii?ioe?a (oaie 1.6.2.8.-93-96, 1.6.2.2.-97-99 ) oa ca i?iaeoii I?iiaoee
4.4/409.
Iaoa oa caaea/? ?iaioe
Iniiaiith iaoith aeaiii? ?iaioe ? aeei?enoaiiy iniaeeainoae iaoiaeo ?*N
aeey aea/aiiy no?oeoo?i-oaci-aeaoaeoiooai?thaaiiy o aeenia?nieo nenoaiao
(ia i?eeeaae?: ZnO, Al2O3, Si, SiO2, SiC, Si3N4, BN, A4N, TiO2,
nee?eao?a eaeueoe?th, aeei, oeae?a oa ?o noi?o?a, ui i?aeaeaaaeenue
iaoai?/i?e (?ioaineaia oa o?eaaea iiae??aiaiiy, ae?iaeaiiy a ??aeeiio
acio? oa ?io.) oa oa?i?/i?e (a?aeiaeaiiy, neioac, ni?ae-i??ie?c,
ni?eaiiy oa ?io.) ia?iaeai. Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe o niieo/aii? c aeaieie
aeiiii?aeieo iaoiae?a aea/aiiy canoinoaaoe aeey ?ic?iaee iiaeaeae OAeN
aeine?aeaeoaaieo nenoai oa anoaiiaeaiiy caeiiii??iinoae ?o aaiethoe??.
O a?aeiia?aeiino? c iinoaaeaiith iaoith ae??ooaaeenue ianooii? caaea/?:
1. Aeine?aeaeoaaeanue aaiethoe?y i?e?ino?oeoo?e aeacaieo aeua nenoai
i?e iaoai?/ieo oa oa?i?/ieo ia?iaeao. Anoaiiaethaaeenue oeie,
eiioeaio?aoe?y, i?noey eieae?caoe??, a oaeiae i?e?iaea ooai?aiiy
aeaoaeoieo noai?a i?e oaeeo aieeaao.
2. ?c canoinoaaiiyi oai??? na?aaei?o ae?aeaeo?e/ieo eiinoaio (ONAeE)
aiae?coaaeenue ii?oieia?/i? aniaeoe oi?ioaaiiy aeenia?nieo nenoai i?e
??ciiiai?oieo ia?iaeao.
3. Aea/aeanue ?ieue aeaoaeoii? no?oeoo?e aeenia?nieo nenoai o i?ioeanao
ianiia?a- iino oa ?icaeaaeenue o?ceei-o?i?/i? i?eioeeie eiino?othaaiiy
iaoa??ae?a ia ?o iniia?.
4. Oi?ioaaeenue oyaeaiiy i?i oiieo aeaoaeoio no?oeoo?o ye ie?aieo
/anoeiie, oae ? aeenia?nii? nenoaie a oe?eiio.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia
1. Aeyaeaii aoaeoe iie?ii?o?caoe?? i?e iaoai?/i?e ia?iaoe? (II)
-Al2O3. Cai?iiiiiaaia noaia ?ice?eooy iiaa?oiaai? i?e?io??ueie, ui
noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny -Al2O3 -Al2O3 oaciaei ia?aoiaeii.
2. Anoaiiaeaii i?iyaeaiiy ?icoyaoth/eo iai?oaeaiue a iiaa?oiaa?e
iaieiioe? SiO2 ia /anoeieao ea?a?aeo e?aii?th, io?eioaaieo a ?aaeoe??
ea?aioa?i?/iiai a?aeiiaeaiiy. Iieacaii, ui ?o i?e/eiith ?
iai?aeiaa?aioiee oa?aeoa? e?enoae?/iiai ca’yceo i?ae ?ao?oeaie.
3. ?c canoinoaaiiyi ONAeE anoaiiaeaii i?io?eaiiy iine?aeiaii?
ia?aaoaeiae i?e?ie?enoae?/iiai ZnO, i?aeaeaiiai o?eaae?e II: aeo?aei?
aieeiiiae?ai? /anoee – eaac???aiiini? /anoee – /anoeiai oaenoo?iaai?
aa?aaaoe ia iniia? IE?. ?icaeioo? iaoai?cie i?ioean?a, ye?
a?aeaoaathoueny i?e oeueiio.
4. Iieacaii ooai?aiiy iiaa?oiaaeo Si-N eiiieaen?a i?e iiae??aiaii?
e?aii?th a ??aeeiio acio?. C`yniaaii iiaeaeue OAeN io?eiaieo /anoie oa
onoaiiaeaia ?? ?ieue a i?io?eaii? naiiaeoeaiaaiiai iaoai?cio ?o
iine?aeoth/iai aciooaaiiy.
5. C aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo ?*N ? aeiiiaithth/eo eiai iaoiae?a ?ic?iaeai?
iiaeae? OAeN /anoie ii?ioe?a ZnO, Al2O3, Si, SiO2, SiC, Si3N4,BN, A4N,
TiO2, nee?eao?a eaeueoe?th, aeei, oeae?a oa ?o noi?o?a a i?ioeanao
??ciiai a?aeo neioaco oa aeenia?aoaaiiy. I?aaenoaaeai? aaiethoe?ei?
iaoai?cie ?o oi?ioaaiiy.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a
Io?eiai? aeai? uiaei OAeN aeine?aeaeoaaieo nenoai (ZnO, Al2O3, Si, SiO2,
SiC, Si3N4, BN, A4N, TiO2, nee?eao?a eaeueoe?th, aeei, oeae?a oa ?o
noi?o?a), ye? ?ice?eaathoue i?e?iaeo aeoeaiino? ii?ioe?a, aeicaieythoue
canoinoaaoe ?o aeey ?ica`yceo ?yaeo oaoiieia?/ieo caaaeaiue, ui
noinothoueny no?oeoo?i- oa oaciooai?aiiy i?e ??cieo aeaeao neioaco ye
nai?o ii?ioe?a, oae ? iaoa??ae?a ia ?o iniia?.
Iniaenoee aianie aeena?oaioa:
1.Oiieea O.A. iiai?noth aeeiiaea aenia?eiaioaeueia aeine?aeaeaiiy
iaoiaeii ?*-niaeo?ineii?? aaiethoe?? OAeN ii?ioe?a ZnO, Al2O3, Si, SiO2,
SiC, Si3N4,BN, A4N, TiO2, nee?eao?a eaeueoe?th, aeei, oeae?a oa ?o
noi?o?a, i?aeaeaieo iaoai?/iei oa oa?i?/iei ia?iaeai.
2. A iinoaiiaoe? caaea/?, ?ic?iaoe? eiiieaenii? iaoiaeeee i?iaaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiue, a iioi/iiio iaaiai?aii? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue
?acii c aeena?oaioii i?eeiaee o/anoue ae. o.-i. i. Eaeac?e I.A
oa ae. o. i. Aeaniaa I.A.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe
Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeenue ? iaaiai?thaaeenue ia
Ananithci?e eiioa?aioe?? “Ieo?eaeu e iaoa?eaeu ia eo iniiaa”, (?eaa,
1991a.), Aa?iiaenueeiio eiia?an? c ea?ai?ee (?oae?y, 1995a.),
I?aeia?iaeieo eiioa?aioe?yo: “Iiaaeoea i?ioeannu e iaoa?eaeu a
ii?ioeiaie iaoaeeo?aee” (Ee?a, 1997 ?.); “TEOTES” (THaineaa?y, 1997);
“Sintering’ 98” (THaineaa?y, 1998). .
Ioae?eaoe?? ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??
Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 15 noaoae.
No?oeoo?a oa ia`?i ?iaioe
Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa caaaeueiei ia`?iii 177 noi??iie neeaaea?oueny c
aaaaeaiiy, /ioe?ueio ?icae?e?a ? caeeth/aiiy, 54 iaethie?a, 10
oaaeeoeue, a?ae?ia?ao?? c 184 iaeiaioaaiue.
Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe??
A aaaaeaii? iaa?oioiaaii aea?? i?iaeaie, ?? aeooaeuei?noue,
noi?ioeueiaaii iaoo ?iaioe ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy oa i?aaenoaaeai?
iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ye? aeiinyoueny ia caoeno.
A ia?oiio ?icae?e? c?iaeaii e?oa?aoo?iee iaeyae uiaei iiaeeeainoae
iaoiaeo ?*N, ina?oeaii ?yae ieoaiue iia`ycaieo c iioe/ieie aeanoeainoyie
aeenia?nieo na?aaeiaeu ?, cie?aia, iaeeo /anoie (d? ??Ooo K - iiaeoeue
anaa?/iiai noeneo /anoie (aoaeaoeth EN = 5.45 1011Ia; E - iiaeoeue THiaa
(ESiOwmetafile8? ??Ioe?iea aaee/eie iai?oaeaiue ? ia?aiao?o , yeee
aecia/a?oueny oa?aeoa?ii ca`yceo i?ae /anoeith ? oiiaaie io?eiaiiy
aeacaea ia iai?aeiaa?aioiee oa?aeoa? aca?iica`yceo i?ae ?ao?oeaie /anoie
aoaeaoeth ? iao?eoe? SiO2.
II noi?o? 1 iaoiiaeth? ?icaeoie oa?i?/ieo i?ioean?a. A ?*-niaeo?ao oea
i?iyaey?oueny a caoaeaii? nioa iiaeeiaiiy i?e ca?eueoaii? /ano
iiae??aiaiiy, ui aea?aaeaioia i?io?eaiith i?ioean?a e?enoae?caoe??. I?e
ianooii?e OI noi?o?, yea iiia?aaeiuei i?aeaeaia ei?ioei/aniaiio
iiae??aiaiith - ia?ai?ooaaiith, niinoa??aa?oueny ?icoe?aiiy nioa
iiaeeiaiiy, a?aeiia?aeath/eo Si-O-S? ca`yceai ? ?o cnoa, yeee
oa?aeoa?eco? iiyao iaoai?/ieo iai?oa a nenoai? SiO2-C. Io?eiai?
?acoeueoaoe iieacaee, ui II a?aeiia?aeii? o?eaaeino? ?ioaineo?eo?
i?ioean ea?a?aeiooai?aiiy, ci?uo? eiai ii/aoie a a?eueo iecueeo iaeanoue
oaiia?aoo? ii??aiyii c aeo?aeiith noi?ooth.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao aeo?aeiiai noaio eiiiiiaio?a ia ea?aioa?i?/ia
a?aeiiaeaiiy aeyaeei eiai aieea ia ii/aoie ea?a?aeiooai?aiiy (aeea.
oaae. 2). Iaeieae/a oaiia?aoo?a ii/aoeo ea?a?aeiooai?aiiy a?aei?/aia
aeey noi?o? (1) (O1700 E), iio?i aeey (2) (O1800 E), a naia aeniea -
aeey (3) (O2000 E).
Oaaeeoey 2
Ioe?iea i?e?iiaiaeii?iaeiino? /anoie -SiN ca aeaieie ?*N
NeeaaeOea?aeaeiooa
Edn?.,
iei a,
ii*anoioa ?*-iiaeeiaiiy,
ni-11(LO)2(OO)
aeni.2(OI) ?ic?. =
1 - 2H2SiO3+
naoa?. 17000,5-50,439492584084485Aa?in.+
naoa?. 18000,1-10,440190082582975Aa?in.+
naaea 20001-100,4386950850850100
Aeey ii?ioe?a ea?a?aeo e?aii?th, io?eiaieo c ??cieo noi?oae, aeyaeaii,
ui oi?ia nioae Si-N ca`yce?a a?ae??ciy?oueny. ?? aiae?c, i?iaaaeaiee a
?aieao ONAeE, i?aeoaa?aeea ?nioaaiiy aoaeaoeaaiai yae?a a ea?a?aeieo
/anoeao. ?ici?? eiai ci?ith?oueny ne?aeoth/ei /eiii. A /anoeao SiN, ye?
io?eiaii c noi?o? aa?inee-naoa?ica, i?enooi? naia iaea yae?i, a /anoeao,
ye? io?eiaie c noi?o? e?aii??ai? eeneioe ? naoa?ice - na?aaei? yae?i, a
c aeey aa?ineeo ? naaee - naia aaeeea.
Ii??aiyiiy ?ic?aooieiaeo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo /anoio iiaeeiaiiy a
caeaaeiino? a?ae ci?ie ia?aiao??a ?ao?oee SiN aeaei caaeia?eueia
ni?aiaaeaiiy (aeea. oaae. 2).
A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyiooi ?acoeueoaoe ?*N aeine?aeaeaiue
ooai?thaaieo oaciaeo i?iaeoeo?a a i?ioeanao aciooaaiiy ( noi?o? SiO2-C
? A2I3-N), II oa OI nenoai SiO2-CaI, A4N-O?I2 a ?aieao oaoiieia?/ieo
?ic??c?a.
?*-oaciaee aiae?c i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy ii?ioe?a i?o?eaeiooai?aiiy
aeeth/a? a naaa eaioetha ia?aooai?aiue: SiI2 aeaoaeoiee ca eeniai SiI2
ienei?o?eae e?aii?th aii?oiee Si3N4 e?enoae?/iee Si3N4.
Ooai?aiiy ienei?o?eae?a e?aii?th noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny iiyaith nioa
iiaeeiaiiy a iaeano? /anoio 850-1080 ni-1. Aaaaeaiiy ??ciiiai?oieo
aeii?oie (NH4OH, NH4Cl, CH3COOH) ia noaae?? i?eaiooaaiiy noi?oae Si-N
?ioaineo?eo? i?ioean aciooaaiiy. Ci?ia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oeeo oac
caeaaeeoue a?ae iiia?aaeiuei? iecueeioaiia?aoo?ii? ia?iaee ?
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy eiiiiiaio?a N/SiI2. Ii nai?e aeaoaeoi?e aoaeia? /anoeia
i?o?eaeieo /anoie ai?ua? aoaeaoeaaa yae?i, a ?io? aeyaeythoueny
aac’yae?iaeie.
Oa?aeoa? i?o?eaeiooai?aiiy a nenoai? B2O3-C-N caeaaeeoue a?ae aeaoaeoii?
no?oeoo?e ieneaeo ai?o ? iniaeeainoae oa?iiaeano?oeoe??
aenieiiieaeoey?ieo niieoe, ye? ? iinoa/aeueieeaie aenieiaeenia?niiai
aoaeaoeth. Aaaaeaiiy ia noaae?? i?eaiooaaiiy noi?oae ai?ia eeneioa -
naoa?ica ai?aea, oei?enoiai aiii?th, eiioeaio?iaaii? ioeoiai? eeneioe
i?eaiaeeoue aei oi?ioaaiiy ??ciiiai?oieo ii aeaoaeoiino? i?ii?aeieo oac
(B2O3 B6O B4C) ? aei oaiia?aoo?iiai cnoao ii/aoeo i?o?eaeiooai?aiiy.
Aeiaaaee e?o?th (LiCl, LiOH, LiCO3) i?eaiaeyoue aei aaeueioaaiiy
?aaeoe?eii? caeaoiino? aoaeaoeth. Ca aeaieie ?*-niaeo?ineii?? i?e OI
oaeeo noi?oae ooai?ththoueny ai?aoe e?o?th neeaaeo 18-20% iie. Li2I.
Naia oi?ioaaiiy ai?ao?a e?o?th ia?aoeiaeaea? a?aeiiaeaiith A2I3 ?
ea?a?aeiooai?aiith i?e iecueeeo oaiia?aoo?ao. I?ney ?iceeaaeo ai?ao?a
(Oia? 1473E) ?ioaineo?eothoueny i?ioeane a?aeiiaeaiiy, a iio?i ?
i?o?eaeiooai?aiiy.
Oaciooai?aiiy a nenoai? SiO2-CaI, yea i?aeaeaia iiae??aiaiith a aiaeiiio
na?aaeiaeu?, iaoiiaeaii oi?ioaaiiyi niaoeeo?/ii? iiaa?oiaai? aeaoaeoii?
no?oeoo?e /anoie SiO2, a naia, iiaa?oiaaeo i?e?io??uei, caiiaiaieo
aii?o?ciaaiith oacith - aaeai e?aii?aai? eeneioe. Oe? ciie ? oeaio?aie
ca?iaeaeaiiy a?ae?inee?eao?a eaeueoe?th ? aeaea?aeii i?e?iiai?oaeaiue.
Ooai?aiiy a?ae?inee?eao?a ??ciiai neeaaeo iaoiiaeaii eieaeueieie
eiioeaio?aoe?eieie ni?aa?aeiioaiiyie SiO2/CaI. ?o iiyaa i?eaiaeeoue aei
?oeioaaiiy ia?aeiieo /anoie SiO2 ia a?eueo ae??ai? c aeaniith nenoaiith
i?e?io??uei.
Iiae??aiaiiy aiaaoieiiiiiaioii? nenoaie ia iniia? SiO2-CaI
(Iiaoaenueeiai oeaeo) noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny ca?eueoaiiyi aeenia?niino? eeoa
aei a?aeiia?aeiiai /ano ( 600 nae.). Oeueiio i?ioeano a?aeiia?aea? ??no
?ioaineaiino? nioa iiaeeiaiiy Si -O - Si ca`yce?a ? ?o caoaeaiiy. I?e
a?eueo o?eaaeiio iiae??aiaii? niinoa??aa?oueny cai?ioiy ea?oeia, yea
a?aeiia?aea? i?ioeano aa?aaoaaiiy /anoie. ?icoe?aiiy nioae i?e 1000
ni-1 ? iiyaa iea/a, a iioei nioae i?e 1440 ni-1 a ?*-niaeo?ao aeaco?
ia oi?ioaaiiy iiaa?oiaaiai a?ae?inee?eaoo. A?aei?/aii, ui iaa?oue
ei?ioei/ania iiae??aiaiiy oeaeo a aiae? noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny iiyaith nioae
a?ae?inee?eao?a, a a?aeiia?aeii, ca`ycoth/eo aeanoeainoae a oae?e
nenoai?.
Aiae?c iaoiaeii ?*N no?oeoo?ii-oaciaeo ia?aooai?aiue a noi?oao aeeia -
Iiaoaenueeee oeae, ye? i?aeaeaii OI a ae?aiacii? 1200 -1600 E, iieacaa,
ui iniiaieie oacaie ?: -eaa?oe, e?enoiaae?o, aaaeaiaa?a?o, aii?oeo,
ioe?o. Ci?no aeaieo oac aecia/a?oueny ?aaeeiaie OI ? neeaaeii noi?oae.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui ?niothoue a?aeiia?aei? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oeaeo oa aeeie,
ye? caaacia/othoue ni?eyoeeae oiiae ooai?aiiy oa e?enoae?caoe?? oace
aii?oeoo. Oe? ?acoeueoaoe ciaoiaeyoueny a iiai?e a?aeiia?aeiino? c
aeaieie ?OA.
?*-niaeo?e oa?iiia?iaeaieo noi?oae SiC-oeae yaeythoue noia?iiceoe?th
niaeo??a aa- aeaiaa?a?oo oa ea?a?aeo e?aii?th. Iiyaa nioae iiaeeiaiiy
i?e 1080 ni-1, yea a?aeiineoueny aei aaaeaiaa?a?oo, aeaco? ia
oi?ioaaiiy eaioethaiaeo no?oeoo?, a nioae i?e 1200 ni-1- ia ooai- ?aiiy
no??/eiaeo no?oeoo?. Oaeeie ? aieanoii?oia? eaioethae oeio (Si6O17),
aeey yeeo eooe Si-I-Si i?noeiaeo ca`yce?a iaaeeaea?oueny aei 180. I?e
ca?eueoaii? Oia?. ? /ano aeo?eiee c?ace?a ?ioaineai?noue nioa, ye?
a?aeiia?aeathoue eaioethaiaei ? no??/eiaei no?oeoo?ai, ?inoa. Iaeiae
oaea i?ney Oia? 1373 E a iniiaiiio niinoa??aa?oueny oa?aeoa?iee aeey
aaaeaiaa?a?oo niaeo? iiaeeiaiiy.
Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeicaieythoue c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui a i?ioean? OI
a?aeaoaa?oueny ieeneaiiy /anoie ea?a?aeo e?aii?th ? ia ?o iiaa?oi?
oi?io?oueny aaaeaiaa?a?o.
?*-aiae?c oaci- oa aeaoaeoiooai?aiiy a nenoai? A4N-O?I2 iieacaa, ui
aeo?aei? ii?io-ee ea?a?aeo ai?o, e??i oa?aeoa?ieo nioa A-N ca`yce?a (
705, 1090, 1550ni-1) iathoue nioae, ye? oa?aeoa?i? aeey A-I ca`yce?a. OI
a aaeooi? oaeiai A4N noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny cnoaii nioa A-N ca`yc- e?a a
aeiaaioaeeueiao iaeanoue /anoio. Oea aeaco? ia ciaioaiiy ai?noo
aoaeaoeth a ea?a?ae? ai?o a iiaa?oiaaeo oa?ao. C caeaaeiino? = f (N)
ai?no aoaeaoeth a oaeeo oa?ao neeaaea? 2-6%.
Aeo?aei? ii?ioee O?I2 i?aaenoaaeai? oacith ?ooeeo. Iiyaa nioa a iaeano?
1380-1680 ni-1 ? 900-1100 ni-1 a oa?iiia?iaeaieo c?aceao a?aeiia?aea?
??ciei iiaa?oiaaei noaiai aaeni?aiaaiiai I2, a a ae?aiacii? 400-600 ni-1
- aeaco? ia iayai?noue O?I ? O?2I3. Oea oa?aeoa?eco? i?ioean
a?aeiiaeaiiy O?I2. A noi?oao A4N-O?I2 c ?inoii Oia?. a?aeaoaathoueny
ci?ie, ye? iia`ycai? c ieenethaaeueii-a?aeiiaethaaeueiei i?ioeanii. Ia
iiaa?oi? ea?a?aeieo /anoie ?aea iaeiie/aiiy ai?o, ia iiaa?oi? /anoie
?ooeeo - O?I2-o, oiaoi noai?ththoueny ia?aaeoiiae aeey iiaeaeueoi?
aeoea?caoe?? ?aaeoe?? i?aeoacii? aca?iiae??.
Caaaeuei? aeniiaee
1. Iieacaii, ui aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy oiiei? aeaoaeoii? no?oeoo?e
i?e?ie?enoaee/ieo nenoai, i?aeaeaieo ??ciiiai?oiei ia?iaeai iiaeeeaa
aeei?enoaiiy iaoiaeo ?*-niaeo?ineii?? ?acii c aeiiiaithth/aie eiai
iaoiaeaie.
2. C aeei?enoaiiyi oai??? na?aaei?o ae?aeaeo?e/ieo eiinoaio ?icaeiaii
noaio aaieth- oe?? oiiei? aeaoaeoii? no?oeoo?e ii?ioe?a ieneaeo oeeieo,
ye? i?aeaeai? II oa io?eiai? iaoiaeii aeaooiioieiaiai ni?ae-i??ie?co.
Anoaiiaeaii i?io?eaiiy i?e II iine?aeiaii? ia?aaoaeiae nenoaie:
aeo?aei? /anoee eaac???aiiini? /anoeiai oaenoo?e?iaai? aa?aaaoe ia
iniia? IE?. ?icaeiaii iaoai?cie i?inoi?iai-oaciai-no?oeoo?ieo
i?ioean?a, ye? a?aeaoaathoueny.
3. I?e ?ioaineai?e II iie?e?enoae?/iiai -Al2O3 aeyaeaii yaeua
iie?ii?o?cio, yea a?aeaoaa?oueny i?e ia?aaoaeia? ?ao?oee ei?oiaeo, ?
noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny ci?iith eii?aeeiaoe?? /anoee ?ii?a iaoaeo c
ieoaaae?e/ii? a oao?aaae?e/io. Cai?iiiiiaaii noaio ?ice?eooy iiaa?oiaai?
i?e?io??ueie, yea noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny -Al2O3 -Al2O3 oaciaei
ia?aoiaeii.
4. Iieacaii, ooai?aiiy iiaa?oiaaeo Si-N eiiieaen?a i?e iiae??aiaii?
e?aii?th a ??aeeiio acio?, c’yniaaia iiaeaeue OAeN oaeeo /anoie oa ??
?ieue a i?io?eaii? naiiaeoeaiaaiiai iaoai?cio iine?aeoth/iai ?o
aciooaaiiy.
5. I?e neioac? ea?a?aeo e?aii?th c noi?oae SiO2-C aeyaeaii iiyao
?icoyaoth/eo iai?oaeaiue a iiaa?oiaa?e iaieiioe? SiO2 ? anoaiiaeaii, ui
i?e/eiith ?o ? iai?aeiaa?aioiee oa?aeoa? aca?iica`yceo i?ae ?ao?oeaie.
6. C aeei?enoaiiyi ?acoeueoao?a ?*N aeine?aeaeaiue nenoai: ZnO, Al2O3,
Si, SiO2, SiC, Si3N4, BN, A4N, TiO2, nee?eao?a eaeueoe?th, aeei, oeae?a
oa ?o noi?oae ?ac?iaeaii iiaeae? OAeN /anoie a i?ioeanao neioaco
(ea?aioa?i?/ia a?aeiiaeaiiy, ieaciio?i?/iee neioac, ni?ae-i??ie?c,
oa?iiia?iaa ia?iaea) ? ??cieo aeae?a II. I?aaenoaaeaii aaiethoe?ei?
iaoai?cie ia?aaoaeiae iacaaieo nenoai.
7. I?eaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe ?*N aeine?aeaeaiue a ?aieao oaoiieia?/ieo
?ic??c?a ia?a?aoi-aaieo nenoai iieaco?, ui aeaiee iaoiae aeicaiey?
niinoa??aaoe ca ii/aoeiaeie aoaiaie ?ic?eao noa?eo ? oi?ioaaiiy iiaeo
ca’yce?a, ca?iaeaeaiiy nii/aoeo iaeioii?yaeeiaaieo (?aioaaiiaii?oieo)
oac, a iio?i ? ?o e?enoae?caoe??, aeyaeyoe ia`?ii? oa iiaa?oiaa? aniaeoe
aca?iiae?? oa oaciooai?aiiy. Ci?ia ?ioaineaiino?, oe?eie, oi?ie,
iieiaeaiiy nioa iiaee-iaiiy aeicaiey? io?eiaoe aaaeeeao ?ioi?iaoe?th
uiaei aieeao ??cieo oaoiieia?/ieo i?eeii?a ye ia ci?io oaciaiai neeaaeo,
oae ? ia aeaoaeoio no?oeoo?o /anoie ? iaoa??ae?a ia ?o iniia?.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? a ?iaioao:
1. Aeaniaa I.A., Eaeacae I.A., Oiieea O.A. e ae?. Ia?aciaaiea ea?aeaea
e?aiiey a ?aaeoeee ea?aioa?ie/aneiai ainnoaiiaeaiey e?aiiacaia. //
Ii?ioeiaay iaoaeeo?aey. - 1989. - ? 9. - N. 57-62.
2. Eaeacae I.A., Ieiaeia A.I., Oiieea O.A. e ae?. Aeaoi?iaoeeiiiua
yooaeou a i?ioeanna neioaca ii?ioeia ea?aeaea e?aiiey. // Ii?ioeiaay
iaoaeeo?aey. - 1991. - ? 6. - N. 69-73.
3. Aa?oieoeeay O.N., Aeaniaa I.A., Oiieea OA. e ae?. ?ieue no?oeoo?iiai
oii?yaei/aiey enoiaeiuo eiiiiiaioia a ia?aciaaiee ieo?eaea ai?a.
//Ii?ioeiaay iaoaeeo?aey. - 1991. - ? 6. - N. 54-61.
4. Vlasova M.V., Zadiraka Yu.V., Tomila T.V. et ell. Peculiarities of
formation of calcium hydro- silicates used in agueous emulsion coatings.
//Silic. Industr. - 1992. - ? 9-10. - ?. 141-148.
5. Aeaniaa I.A., Eaeacae I.A., Oiieea O.A. e ae?. Aeeyiea enoiaeiiai
ninoiyiey eiiiiiaioia neioaca a ?aaeoeee ea?aioa?ie/aneiai
ainnoaiiaeaiey ia no?oeoo?o /anoeoe ea?aeaea e?ai-iey: 1nenoaia
ay?inee-naoa?ica. // Ii?ioeiaay iaoaeeo?aey. - 1993. - ? 4. - N. 64-73.
6. Aeaniaa I.A., Eaeacae I.A., Oiieea O.A. e ae?. Aeeyiea enoiaeiiai
ninoiyiey eiiiiiaioia neioaca a ?aaeoeee ea?aioa?ie/aneiai
ainnoaiiaeaiey ia no?oeoo?o /anoeoe ea?aeaea e?aiiy: 2 nenoaia
ay?inee-naaea. // Ii?ioeiaay iaoaeeo?aey. - 1993. - ? 7. - N. 54-61.
7. Aa?oieoeeay O.N., Aeaniaa I.A., Eaeacae I.A., Oiieea O.A. e ae?.
Naienoaa ii?ioeia e?aiiey, iieo/aiiuo eciaeue/aieai a aeeaeeii acioa.
//Iai?aai. iaoa?. . - 1993. - O. 29, ? 7. - N. 894-897.
8. Aa?oieoeeay O.N., Aeaniaa I.A., Oiieea OA. e ae?. Ia?aciaaiea
aunieiaeenia?niiai ieo?eaea ai?a i?e ea?aioa?ie/aneii ainnoaiiaeaiee a
i?enoonoaee niaaeeiaiee eeoey. //Ii?ioeiaay iaoaeeo?aey. - 1993. - ? 1.
- N. 64-73.
9. Eakazey N.G., Tomila T.V. The occurence of polymorphism during
mechanical treatment of pojycrystal -Al2O3. //Sci. of Sintering. - 1994.
- V. 26, ? 3. - ?. 293-298.
10. Bartnitskaya T.S., Vlasova M.V., Tomila T.V. et ell. The role of
silicon-particle defect structure during lov-temperature nitriding. //J.
Mater. Sci. - 1994. - V. 29. - P. 1701-1706.
11. Aeaniaa I.A., Eaeacee I.A., Oiieea O.A. e ae?. ?ieue iaoaie/aneie
ia?aaioee nenoaiu SiO2-C a aeoeaaoeee i?ioeanna ea?aeaeiia?aciaaiey.
//Ii?ioeiaay iaoaeeo?aey. - 1994. - ? 11-12. - N. 43-50.
12. Vlasova M.V., Bartnitskaja T.S., Tomila T.V. et ell. Mechanism of
Si3N4 nucleation during carbothermal reduction of silica. //J. Mater.
Sci. - 1995. - V. 30. - P. 5263-5271.
13. Vlasova M.V., Kilimnik A.A., Tomila T.V. et. ell. Properties of
ceramics on base of mixtures “clay-slag of ferro-nickel process”.
//Ceram.Acta. - 1997. - P. 128-133.
14. Vlasova M.V., Kilimnik A.A., Tomila T.V. et. ell. Acid-resistant
ceramics formation on the base SiC and metalurgical slag. //Europ.
Ceram. Sci. Conf. - Italy. - 1996. - P. 265.
15. Aeaniaa I.A., Eaeacae I.A., Oiieea O.A. e ae?. No?oeoo?a ii?ioeia
e?aiiey iinea ieaciioeie/aneie ia?aaioee. //Iai?aai. iaoa?. - 1997. -
O. 33, ? 5. - N. 519-523.
Oiieea O.A. ?*-niaeo?ineii?y aeaoaeoieo noai?a, iaaaaeaieo iaoai?/iith
oa oa?i?/iith ia?iaeaie i?e?ie?enoae?/ieo nenoai. - ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 01.04.07 - O?ceea oaa?aeiai
o?ea. ?inoeooo i?iaeai iaoa??aeiciaanoaa IAI Oe?a?ie, Ee?a, 1999.
Iaoiaeii ?*-niaeo?ineii?? aoei aeeiiaii aeine?aeaeaiiy aaiethoe?? OAeN
aeenia?nieo i?e?ie?enoaee/ieo nenoai ia i?eeeaae?: ZnO, Al2O3, Si, SiO2,
SiC, Si3N4, BN, B4C, TiO2, nee?eao?a eaeueoe?th, aeei, oeae?a oa ?o
noi?o?a, ui i?aeaeaaaeenue iaoai?/i?e oa oa?i?/i?e ia?iaeai. ?c
canoinoaaiiyi ONAeE aiae?coaaeenue ii?oieia?/i? aniaeoe oi?ioaaiiy
aeenia?nieo nenoai i?e ??ciiiai?oieo ia?iaeao oa ?icaeaaeenue iaoai?cie
i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny. Aeyaeaii aoaeoe iie?ii?o?caoe?? i?e II
oa cai?iiiiiaaii noaio ?ice?eooy iiaa?oiaai? i?e?io??ueie, ui
noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny -Al2O3 -Al2O3 oaciaei ia?aoiaeii. Anoaiiaeaii oa
c’yniaaii i?e?iaeo i?iyaeaiiy ?icoyaoth/eo iai?oaeaiue a iiaa?oiaa?e
iaieiioe? SiO2 ia /anoeieao ea?a?aeo e?aii?th. Iieacaii ooai?aiiy
iiaa?oiaaeo Si-N eiiieaen?a i?e iiae??aiaii? e?aii?th a ??aeeiio acio?.
C`yniaaii iiaeaeue OAeN io?eiaieo /anoie oa onoaiiaeaia ?? ?ieue a
i?io?eaii? naiiaeoeaiaaiiai iaoai?cio ?o iine?aeoth/iai aciooaaiiy.
Aea/aii ?ieue aeo?aeii? aeaoaeoii? no?oeoo?e aeenia?nieo nenoai a
i?ioeanao ?o ia?aaoaeiae i?e ciai?oi?o aieeaao.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: ?*-niaeo?ineii?y, i?e?ie?enoae?/i? nenoaie, oiiea
aeaoaeoia no?oeoo?a (OAeN), oai??y na?aaei?o ae?aeaeo?e/ieo eiinoaio
(ONAeE).
Oiieea O.A. EE-niaeo?ineiiey aeaoaeoiuo ninoiyiee, iaaaaeaiiuo
iaoaie/aneie e oa?ie/aneie ia?aaioeie iee?ie?enoaeee/aneeo nenoai. -
?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
oeceei-iaoaiaoe/aneeo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 01.04.07 - Oeceea
oaa?aeiai oaea. Einoeooo i?iaeai iaoa?eaeiaaaeaiey IAI Oe?aeiu, Eeaa,
1999.
A ?aaioa naeaeai eeoa?aoo?iue iaci? ii aiciiaeiinoyi iaoiaea EEN,
inaauai ?yae aii?inia, naycaiiuo n iioe/aneeie naienoaaie
iee?ie?enoaeee/aneeo n?aae e, a /anoiinoe, iaeuo /anoeoe (d
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