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1
I?i?noa?noai ioi?iie caei?ia’y Oe?a?ie
Ee?anueea iaaee/ia aeaaeai?y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
?i.I.E.Ooieea
Iaey?nueea Iaoae?y Aanee?aia
OAeE 616.832-004.2-056.7-07:616.15-07
EE?I?EI-A?IO?I?*I? OA AAIAOE*I? ANIAEOE
?ICN?ssIIAI NEEA?ICO O CII? EIAI AENIEIAI ?ECEEO
14.01.15 – ia?aia? oai?iae
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? ia?aiaeo oai?ia c eo?nii iao?aaeeoe?eii?
iaaeeoeeie Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.Aeaieea
Aaeeoeueeiai oa ?inoeooo? niaaeeiai? iaoieia?? i.Eueaiaa
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, Nei/?e Iaaei
A?eai?iae/, Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaee/iee oi?aa?neoao ?i.Aeaieea
Aaeeoeueeiai IIC Oe?a?ie, eaoaae?a ia?aiaeo oai?ia c eo?nii
iao?aaeeoe?eii? iaaeeoeeie, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, Naiinthe ?aai
Caoa?iae/, Ee?anueea iaaee/ia aeaaeai?y i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
?i.I.E.Ooieea IIC Oe?a?ie, eaoaae?a o?c?ioa?ai?? ? eo?i?oieia??,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, Aa?anei/oe ?iiai Aeieo?iae/,
?aaii-O?aie?anueea iaaee/ia aeaaeai?y IIC Oe?a?ie, eaoaae?a ia?aiaeo
oai?ia, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:Oe?a?inueeee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo ee?i?/ii?
oa aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaa?ieia?? oa ineo?ao??? I?i?noa?noaa ioi?iie
caei?ia’y Oe?a?ie, i.Oa?e?a, a?aeae?e iaoieia?? aaaaoaoeaii? ia?aiai?
nenoaie
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 24 “ ethoiai 1999 ?ieo i 11 aiae. ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.613.01. i?e Ee?anuee?e
iaaee/i?e aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i.I.E.Ooieea IIC Oe?a?ie
(254112, i.Ee?a, aoe. Aei?iaiaeeoeueea, 9, aoae.3).
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Ee?anueei? iaaee/ii?
aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i.I.E.Ooieea IIC Oe?a?ie (254112,
i.Ee?a, aoe. Aei?iaiaeeoeueea, 9).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 23 “ n?/iy 1999 ?ieo.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,
aeioeaio
?iiaiaiei I.?.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Aiae?c ??cieo noi??i i?iaeaie ?N, cie?aia
a?io?i?/ieo oa aaiaoe/ieo eiai aniaeo?a i?iaeiaaeo? caeeoaoeny
aeooaeueiei caaaeaiiyi. Oea iiynith?oueny oaeith a??ciith i?e/eiith, ye
iaaieiia c?inoaiiy e?eueeino? oai?eo ia ieaiao?, iniaeeai a aeiiii?/ii
?icaeiaieo e?a?iao i?ai?/ii? i?aeoe?, a oaeiae ? a Oe?a?i?.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? i?iaiaeeeeny i?ioyaii inoaiiueiai noie?ooy
na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui ? nueiaiaei? aeaeae? a?ae ae??oaiiy ieoaiiy ye
ao?ieia??, oae ? iaoiaaiaco ?N, a oaeiae i?e/eie ? iniiai? iaoai?cie
i?ioeano aeai??e?i?caoe??. Noia?a/eeaeie caeeoathoueny ? ??ci? i?aeoiaee
oa niiniae aei oa?ai?? oe??? aaaeei? iaaeoae (I.?.Aeiieoeueeee, 1965;
A.I.Caaae?oei, 1982; I.A.Oiiaeea??ai ? ni?aaao., 1983; I.I.Aecthaa,
A.I.O?ieia, I.I.Ia?anaae?i, 1993, 1995; I.I.ss?io, A.A.Ianthe, 1993;
I.A.Nei/?e, 1993; A.A.Caiaaeithe, 1994; N.I.A?ie/oe, 1995; ?.?.Aon?a ?
ni?aaao., 1984, 1997; ?.N.Cicoey ? ni?aaao., 1995; E.?.Nieieiaa, 1997,
1998). Anoaiiaeaii, ui caoai?thaai?noue ?N ia? iaaiee ca’ycie c
aaia?ao?/ieie, aoi?/ieie oa aaiaoe/ieie oaeoi?aie (A.I.Aea?a,
A.I.Aneaiia, 1983; D. Mc. Alpine, 1985; *a?euec I.Iica?, 1993, 1995).
Iniaeeai iaaeinoaoiuei aea/ai? ieoaiiy aaiaoe/ieo oaeoi??a ?eceeo ?N.
Aea/aiiy aaiaoe/iiai oaeoi?o o ?icaeoeo aeai??e?i?coth/iai i?ioeano ia
aeaei ciiae ca?aooaaoe ?N aei niaaeeiaeo caoai?thaaiue, iaeiae
iayai?noue ie?aieo aioeaai?a nenoaie a?noinoi?niino? ethaeeie aieeaa? ia
noeeuei?noue aei oai?iae oa ia oa?aeoa? ia?aa?ao iaoieia?/iiai i?ioeano
(J.Palffy at ol, 1986; *a?euec I.Iica?, 1993; E.?.Nieieiaa, 1997, 1998).
A?aeiii, ui ?N iae/ano?oa aeyaey?oueny o n?i’yo, eio?? iathoue
aeae?eueeio oai?eo na?aae ?iaee/?a I-ai ? ??aeoa II-ai nooiaiy
?iaeeiiino?, ui na?ae/eoue i?i niaaeeiao noeeuei?noue aei caoai?thaaiiy
(E.Kinnunen, 1988; J.F.Kurtzke, 1980). Iaeiae, caoai?thaaiiy aeieea? ia
o an?o /eai?a n?i’?, a eeoa, o oeo. eio?? iathoue oa?aeoa?i? aeey aeaii?
n?i’? oaiioei?/i? iniaeeaino?.
?N – o?ii?/ia, iaaieiii i?ia?anoth/a caoai?thaaiiy ia?aiai? nenoaie,
yea i?eaiaeeoue aei oaeaeei? ?iaae?aeecaoe?? iaea?eueo i?aoeacaeaoiiai
eiioeiaaioo oai?eo o a?oe? 20-40 ?ie?a (I.A.Iaiueeianueeee, 1960;
Ae.A.Ia?eia, 1964; I.I.C?i/aiei, 1970; I.A.Oiiaeea??ai, ?.I.Caaae?oei,
I.I.Iaanueea, 1987; W.Mc.Donald, 1986).
Iaaeinoaoi? aea/aiiy ee?i?ee caoai?thaaiiy aeeeoo? aeeoo?ao
iaiao?aei?noue iiooeo iiaeo ae?aaiinoe/ieo oano?a, ye? iathoue cia/aiiy
ia o?eueee aeey aea/aiiy aeai??e?i?coth/i? iaoieia??, aea ? aeey
i?iaiicoaaiiy ?? ia?aa?ao ? e?ioeaaiai iane?aeeo (V.E.Andorson, 1976;
H.Zink, 1976). Aeyaeaiiy oaeoi??a ?eceeo oai?iae oa i?e/ei aeieeiaiiy
iaoieia?/iiai i?ioeano, ye? eaaeaoue a ?? iniia?, aeeeeeathoue ia
o?eueee iaoeiaee, aea ? nioe?aeueiee ?ioa?an.
Iaoa ?iaioa ia?aaeaa/a? eiiieaenia aea/aiiy ie?aieo ieoaiue
ae?aaiinoeee, ui a?oioo?oueny ia ee?i?/ieo, a?io?i?/ieo oa aaiaoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiiyo, a oaeiae ieoaiiy ei?aeoe?? oa?ai?? ?N. Ae??oaiiy
iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue iaiao?aeia ia o?eueee aeey aeyaeaiiy
aeai??e?i?coth/iai i?ioeano, aea ? aeey i?iaiicoaaiiy eiai ia?aa?ao.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeiioaaeany o ?one?
oaiaoeee iaoeiai? i?ia?aie eaoaae?e iaa?ieia?? c eo?nii iao?aaeeoe?eii?
iaaeeoeeie Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.Aeaieea
Aaeeoeueeiai c oaiaoeee “Ai?aeai?ieia?/i?, aaiaoe/i?, ?ioiieia?/i?,
iae?io?c?ieia?/i? oa a?io?i?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoai?ci?a ?icaeoeo
iiiaeeiiiai neea?ico o cii? aenieiai ?eceeo caoai?thaaiiy oa eiai
iaaeeeaiaioicii? ei?aeoe??” (oeo? ?I 26.00.0001.97, ? aea?ae?a?no?aoe??
0198 V000875).
Iaoa oa caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy.
1. Aea/eoe nenoaio a?noinoi?niino? ethaeeie o oai?eo ?N a cii? aenieiai
?eceeo caoai?thaaiiy.
2. Aeine?aeeoe iniaeeaino? iaoaaie?cio ioeea?iiaeo eeneio o oai?eo ?N,
a oaeiae aeoeai?noue ioeeaac i?e oe?e iaoieia??.
3. Ni?anoaaeoe aca?iica’ycie i?ae aeoeai?noth i?ioean?a iaoaaie?cio
ioeea?iiaeo eeneio oa ioeeaac ? nooiaiai ia?aa?ao aeai??e?i?coth/iai
i?ioeano.
4. I?iaanoe aeeoa?aioe?eii-ae?aaiinoe/i? ia?aeae? i?ae ai?noii
ioeea?iiaeo eeneio oa aeoeai?noth ioeeaac o oai?eo ?N, a oaeiae i?e
aaii?aa?/iiio, ?oai?/iiio ?inoeueoao, a?aoii?aeeoao, iooeeiao, ui ia
ii/aoeo naiai ?icaeoeo /anoi ae?aaiinoothoueny ye ?N.
5. Ia i?aenoaa? io?eiaieo aeaieo aecia/eoe aeinoia??i? e?eoa???
ae?aaiinoeee, ioe?iee oyaeeino? ia?aa?ao, i?iaiico oa iaa?oiooaaiiy
oa?aiaaoe/ieo caoiae?a i?e oe?e aaaee?e iaaeoc?.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
1. Aia?oa i?iaaaeaii aea/aiiy aioeaai?a a?noinoi?niino? oai?eo ?N a
cao?aeiiio ?aa?ii? Oe?a?ie, ye? aeaui ?icoiaeyoueny c a?aeiieie
e?oa?aoo?ieie aeaieie. E??i oiai, oa?aeoa? aioeaai?a a?noinoi?niino?
oai?eo ?N iiaea neoaeeoe ye oanoii aeey ae?aaiinoeee, oae ? e?eoa???i
ioe?iee iniaeeainoae ia?aa?ao aeai??e?i?coth/iai i?ioeano.
2. Aia?oa i?iaaaeaii eiiieaenia aea/aiiy ??aiy ioeea?iiaeo eeneio oa
aeoeaiino? ioeeaac o caeaaeiino? a?ae oi?ie, oyaeeino? ia?aa?ao,
o?eaaeino? caoai?thaaiiy oa ?o aeeiai?ee a ia??iae caaino?aiiy.
3. Aia?oa cai?iiiiiaaii aeey iio?aa ye ae?aaiinoeee ?N, oae ? eiai
?iciaaeoaaiiy a?ae ?ioeo a?oi oai?eo, eiiieaenia aea/aiiy oa?aeoa?o
eieeaaiue ai?noo ioeea?iiaeo eeneio ? aeoeaiino? ioeeaac.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Anoaiiaeaii, ui o oai?eo
?N o cii? eiai aenieiai ?eceeo /ano?oa cono??/aany aioeaai A35, yeee
aeacoaaa ia noeeuei?noue aei aeai??e?i?coth/iai i?ioeano, oiae? ye ia
oa?aeoa? eiai ia?aa?ao aeacoaaee aioeaaie eieono A – A26 oa A28.
Cie?aia, iayai?noue aioeaaio A26 ni?aiaaeaea c
?aoeeaeeaoth/i-?ai?ooth/ei ia?aa?aii caoai?thaaiiy, a A28 –
ia?aeiii-i?ia?anoth/ei.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy ai?noo IE ? aeoeaiino? ioeeaac e?ia? iiaeia aeei?enoaoe
ye aeiaeaoeia? e?eoa??? aeey ae?aaiinoeee ?N, a oaeiae aeey
?iciaaeoaaiiy eiai c ?ioeie oai?iaaie (a?aoii?aeeoaie, ?inoeueoaie oa
iooeeiaie). Aeyaeai? ci?ie ai?noo IE oa aeoeaiino? ioeeaac i?e aeacaieo
iaoieia?/ieo i?ioeanao ? ??cieie, ui aeicaiey? i?iaiicoaaoe ia?aa?a
i?ioeano, o?eaae?noue ?ai?n?? oa caaino?aiiy ? nooi?iue oyaeeino?.
Ioi?ieaii ?ioi?iaoe?ei? eenoe ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe:
“Aaiaoe/i? aniaeoe ?icn?yiiai neea?ico a cii? eiai aenieiai ?eceeo” ca
?48-98 oa “A?io?i?/i? aniaeoe ?icn?yiiai neea?ico a cii? eiai aenieiai
?eceeo” ca ?49-98 a Oe?a?inueeiio oeaio?? iaoeiai? iaaee/ii? ?ioi?iaoe??
oa iaoaioii-e?oeaic?eii? ?iaioe.
Ai?iaaaeaeothoueny a i?aeoeeo Aieeinueei? iaeanii? ee?i?/ii? e?ea?i?
(aeoe ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 23.02.98?.), o iaa?ieia?/ia a?aeae?eaiiy
A?iieoeueei? iaeanii? e?ea?i? ?i.I.?.THuaiea (aeoe ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae
17.02.98?.), i?aeoe/io ae?yeuei?noue ?aaii-O?aie?anueei? iaeanii?
e?ea?i? (aeoe ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 14.02.98?.), Aeiiaoeueeee
?aaa?e?oaoe?eiee oeaio? (aeoe ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 27.02.98?.) oa a
i?aeoeeo 10-i? i?nueei? iaa?ieia?/ii? e?ea?i? i.Caii??aeaey (aeoe
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 18.02.98?.).
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa ? iniaenoith
i?aoeath aaoi?a. Aeena?oaioii naiino?eii i?iaiae?ciaaia e?oa?aoo?a c
i?iaeaie ai?aeai?ieia??, iaoiaaiaco, ?iciianthaeaeaiiy oa ei?aeoe??
?iceaae?a o oai?eo ?N. Cae?eniaii aaaaoinoi?iii? ee?i?ei-aaiaoe/ia oa
ee?i?ei-a?io?i?/ia ianoaaeaiiy 224 oai?iai, ?c ieo 156 oai?eo ?N, 27 – c
?inoeueoaie, 22 – a?aoii?aeeoaie oa 19 – iooeeiaie. I?iaaaeai?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea i?iaiaeeeany aaoi?ii naiino?eii.
Aiae?c oa ?ioa?i?aoaoe?y iaoa??aeo, aeeeaaeaiiai a aeena?oaoe??,
iaeaaeeoue aaoi?o.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
aeiiia?aeaeeny ia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo Euea?anueeiai
e?ea?nueeiai oiaa?enoaa iaa?ieia?a, ineo?ao??a oa ia?eieia?a a 1996,
1997 ??., ia Ia?oiio Iaoe?iiaeueiiio eiia?an? iaa?ieia?a, ineo?ao??a oa
ia?eieia?a oe?a?ie (Oa?e?a, o?aaaiue 1997), ia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e
eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/ai?e 100-??//th A?iieoeueei? iaeanii?
ineoi-iaa?ieia?/ii? e?ea?i? ?i.I.?.THuaiea 11-13 aa?aniy 1997 ?ieo, ia
III Oe?a?inueei-Aaaa?nueeiio neiiic?oi? a i.O?oneaaaoeue 2-4 aeiaoiy
1997 ?ieo, ia ni?eueiiio can?aeaii? eaoaae?e iaa?ieia?? c eo?nii
iao?aaeeoe?eii? iaaeeoeeie ? iaa?ieia?? c eo?nii iae?io??o?a?? EAeIO
(Euea?a, 1997), ia Anaoe?a?inuee?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe??:
“Iia? iiaeyaee ia i?iaeaie ai?aeai?ieia??, ao?iiaoiaaiaco, ae?aaiinoeee
? e?eoaaiiy ?icn?yiiai neea?ico oa iiaeeeaino? eiai ?aaa?e?oaoe??”,
21-22 o?aaiy 1998 ?ieo, Euea?a.
Aeena?oaoe?eio ?iaioo ?icaeyiaii ? ?aeiiaiaeiaaii aei caoenoo ia
ni?euei?e i?aeeaoaae?aeuei?e eiioa?aioe?? iaa?ieia?? c eo?nii
iae?io??o?a?? oaeoeueoaoo i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, eaoaae?e oa?ai??,
ineo?ao??? oa ?inoeoooo niaaeeiai? iaoieia?? i.Eueaiaa.
Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? o 8
ae?oeiaaieo i?aoeyo, a yeeo ?ice?eoee ci?no ?iaioe, c ieo 6 i?aoeue –
naiino?eieo, 2 – c? ni?aaaoi?aie; 6 i?aoeue – aeo?iaeuei? noaoo?, 1 –
noaooy a iaoeiaiio ca??ieeo oa 1 – a iaoa??aeao i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??.
Ianya oa no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 169
noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo ? neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, aiae?oe/iiai
iaeyaeo e?oa?aoo?e, ?icae?e?a c aeeeaaeaiiyi iaoa??ae?a ? iaoiae?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?acoeueoao?a aeanieo aeine?aeaeaiue, ei?aeoe?? oa?ai??
?N, aeniiae?a, i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e. ?iaioa ?ethno?iaaia 18
oaaeeoeyie, 5 iaethieaie. A?ae?ia?ao?/iee nienie aeeth/a? 373 ?iaioe, c
ieo 263 a?o/eciyieo i?aoeue, 110 ca?oa?aeieo aeaea?ae.
Iaoa??aee oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iniiaith ?iaioe noaa aeina?ae
niinoa?aaeaiiy ca 224 oai?ei, ?c ieo 156 oai?eo ?N ( /. 54; ae. 102),
a?e aei 20 ?ie?a – 14 in?a, c ieo: /. 4, ae. 10; iniiaia e?euee?noue
oai?eo i?aaenoaaeaia a?eiaith eaoaai???th 20-39 ?ie?a – 100, c ieo /.
34, ae. 66; noa?oeo ca 50 ?ie?a – a?aeiia?aeii 8 oa 2. Oae c iaoith
?iciaaeoaaiiy ?N a?ae ?ioeo a?oi caoai?thaaiue iaie i?iaiaeeeiny
aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?eo c ?inoeueoaie, a?aoii?aeeoaie oa iooeeiaie. Oai?eo
c ?inoeueoaie aoei 27 in?a (/. 10 oa ae. 17) na?aae yeeo ia?aaaaeaee
iniae i?ney 50 ?ie?a, c ieo aaii?aa?/iei ?inoeueoii – 12 (/. 4 oa ae.
8), ?oai?/iei ?inoeueoii – 15 (/. 6 oa ae. 9), iooeeiaie – 19 (/. 9 oa
ae. 10) o a?oe? a?ae 30 aei 60 ?ie?a, oai?eo a?aoii?aeeoaie – 22 (/. 10
oa ae. 12) a?eii a?ae 25 aei 60 ?ie?a. Eiio?ieai aoee 20 i?aeoe/ii
caei?iaeo in?a.
Aeaoaeueiee ee?i?/iee aiae?c aeine?aeaeoaaieo iaie oai?eo ?N iieacaa,
ui o no?oeoo?? caoai?thaaiiy ia?aaaaeaee ae?iee iaae /ieia?eaie o
a?aeiioaii? 1.8 aei 1.0. sse na?aae /ieia?e?a, oae ? na?aae ae?iie
iniiaia iana oai?eo i?aaenoaaeaia a?eiaeie eaoaai??yie a iaaeao 20-40
?ie?a, nie?ath/enue ia aiaoiii-oii?/iee i?eioeei eeaneo?eaoe?? ??cieo
oi?i ?N ? a?aoiaoth/e iniaeeaino? cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie iaie
aeae?eyeeny i’youe oi?i ?N: iici/eiaa, iici/eiai-ni?iaeueia,
oea?aa?aeueia, aeeth/ath/e iioe/io, ni?iaeueia oa ia?eoa??eia. Oai?eo
ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue i?eiaaeaea ia iici/eiai-ni?iaeueio oi?io (100
oa.), oea?aa?aeueio (20 oa.), ni?iaeueio (18 oa.), iaioa – iici/eiao (10
oa.) oa ia?eoa??eio (8 oa.) oi?ie. Ca ia??iae aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?aaaaeaee
oai?? c o?eaae?noth 1-5 ?ie?a (48 oa.) oa a?eueoa 10 ?ie?a (64 oa.),
oi/a ? /anoea aeyaeaieo oai?eo c aeai??e?i?coth/ei i?ioeanii aei 1-ai
?ieo oaeiae aeineoue cia/ia (16 oa.). Ana oea na?ae/eoue i?i c?inoaiiy
aeaiiai caoai?thaaiiy na?aae i?aaenoaaiee?a ye ae?ii/i?, oae ? /ieia?/i?
noao?, iieiaeiai i?aoeacaeaoiiai a?eo, ui i/aaeaeii, e??i aieeao
aaia?ao?/ieo, aoi?/ieo ? aaiaoe/ieo oaeoi??a, o cia/i?e i???
iiynith?oueny oyaeeei aeieia?/iei iaaaioaaeaiiyi aeiae?eey.
I?e ianoaaeaii? oai?eo i?iaiaeeeiny:
· caaaeueiiee?i?/ia oa aeaoaeueia iaa?ieia?/ia ianoaaeaiiy, ?c
caeo/aiiyi iaoiae?a ia?aee?i?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ci?iaiai aiae?caoi?a
(aino?ioa ci?o, i/ia aeii), ?ioiieia?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy ee?oeiiiai oa
aoii?aeueiiai ?ioi?oaoo.
· ?ioiiaaiaoe/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy e?ioioeeo?a ia?eoa??eii? e?ia?, yea
a?oioo?oueny ia aeei?enoaii? i?e?ioaoi?ee ca iaoiaeii I.Oa?anae? (1968).
I?eioeei iaoiaeo iieyaa? o aeaioaoaiiiio aieea? ia e?ioioeeoe
ia?eoa??eii? e?ia? nii/aoeo ?ioiiith ne?iaaoeith, ui i?noeoue aioeo?ea
a?aeiii? niaoeeo?/iino?, a iio?i eiiieaiaioio (ne?iaaoee e?ia? e?ieeea,
aai noi?o ne?iaaoee e?ieeea ? ethaeeie). *anoioa aioeaaio
?ic?aoiao?oueny ye i?ioeaioia (aeieueiaa) ni?aa?aeiioaiiy.
· Ai?no ioeea?iiaeo eeneio (AeIE oa ?IE) a ia?eoa??ei?e e?ia? aecia/aee
niaeo?ioioiiao?e/iei iaoiaeii ?.A.Oeaiaaa ? A.A.Ia?eiaa (1960).
?ic?aooiee i?iaiaeeee ca oi?ioeaie cai?iiiiiaaieie aaoi?aie, e?euee?noue
ioeea?iiaeo eeneio aecia/aeany a ia/e.
· Aeoeai?noue ioeeaac ne?iaaoee e?ia? aecia/aee iiaeeo?eiaaieie
niaeo?ioioiiao?e/ieie i?e?iiaoiaeaie A.I.Eiiiaoey ? A.I.Eaaeoeueeiai
(1973) aeey ?IEac, I.?.Naiieaethea oa ?i. (1976) aeey AeIEac.
· Aeai?, io?eiai? ia iniia? i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue, ca cacia/aieie
aeua iaoiaeeeaie, ia?iaeyeenue iaoiaeii aa??aoe?eii? noaoenoeee (Eae?i
A.O., 1973; Aea?ea/ I.I. oa ?i., 1977). I?e oeueiio, aeey eiaeiiai c
aeine?aeaeoaaieo iieaciee?a ia/enethaaee ?o na?aaei? a?eoiaoe/i?
cia/aiiy oa a?aeiia?aei? ?i noaiaea?oi? iioeaee
(Ipicscalex1000100090000038500000002001000000000000500000009020000000004
00000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e0118000500000031020100000005
0000000b0200000000050000000c02a00180010e00000026060f001200ffffffff000008
000000c0fff0ff400190010b00000026060f000c004d6174685479706500002000100000
00fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d0100
0009000000320a60013c0001000000b100f6000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff010000
00000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc04
0000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000022253797374656d00cc040000002d
0101000400000000000000m), na?aaei? eaaae?aoe/i? a?aeoeeaiiy
(picscalex10001000900000385000000020010000000000005000000090200000000040
0000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e01180005000000310201000000050
000000b0200000000050000000c02800180010e00000026060f001200ffffffff0000080
00000c0ff30004001b0010b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065000030001000000
0fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01000
009000000320a200133000100000073000e010a00000026060f000a00ffffffff0100000
0000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040
000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000022253797374656d00cc040000002d0
101000400000000000000), aeinoia??i?noue ??cieoe? (?) i?ae na?aaei?ie
cia/aiiyie ca eiao?oe??ioii Nouethaeaioa (t). Aeey oeueiai aoea noai?aia
eiiithoa?ia aaca aeaieo ? ?ic?iaeaiee eiiieaen i?ia?ai aeey i?iaaaeaiiy
ia?iaee noaoenoe/ieo aeaieo.
?ACOEUeOAOE AeINE?AeAEAIUe OA ?O IAAIAI?AIIss
?ioiiaaiaoe/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea oai?eo ?N. I?iaaaeaiei iaie
aeine?aeaeaiiyi aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui o oai?eo c ?N /ano?oa cono??/aany
aioeaai A35, oiae? ye aioeaai A40 oa A17 ia i?iyaeeeny o iaoeo oai?eo.
*anoioa aioeaai?a A26 oa A28 aoea cia/ii aeuith a ie?aieo a?oiao oai?eo
o caeaaeiino? a?ae ia?aa?ao iaoieia?/iiai i?ioeano. Oae, cie?aia,
aioeaai A26 niinoa??aaany c a?aeiinii aeia?iye?niei ia?aa?aii oai?iae
(?aoeeaeeaoth/i-?ai?ooth/iio), a aioeaai A28 – i?e
ia?aeiii-i?ia?anoth/iio ia?aa?ao; aioeaai A35 aeacoaaa ia noeeuei?noue
aei aeai??e?i?coth/i? iaoieia??, yeith ? ?icn?yiee neea?ic. C
iaaaaeaiiai aeieeaa?, ui io?eiai? iaie aeai? a?ae??ciythoueny a?ae
e?oa?aoo?ieo (A2, A3 oa A7). Ia iaoo aeoieo oae? a?aei?iiino? oa?aeoa?i?
aeey ianaeaiiy cao?aeiiai ?aa?iio Oe?a?ie. Ia ?acoeueoaoe aieeaathoue, a
ia?oo /a?ao, ee?i?/ia aa?eo?eiaai?noue aeiaaee?a ?N na?aae ianoaaeaieo
oai?eo; a ii-ae?oaa, iao aea?? iie?aany ia “iiey?i?” aeiaaeee, eeane/io
ee?i?/io ea?oeio ia?aa?ao iaoieia?/iiai i?ioeano, ui aoei
i?aeoaa?aeaeaii ia’?eoeaieie aeine?aeaeaiiyie. I?eeiath/e aei oaaae
oa?aeoa? ia?aa?ao ?N o aeine?aeaeoaaieo iaie oai?eo aeyaeeeny aioeaaie
eieon?a A26, A28, A35. A oiio ?acoeueoaoe iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
iieacaee, ui ?icaeoie ?N ciaoiaeeoueny o aaiaoe/iiio ca’yceo c iaaieie
eieonaie aieiaii? nenoaie a?noinoi?niino? (Iica?, 1987, 1993).
Noeeuei?noue aei ?N aecia/a?oueny iaai?ii aai?a o caeaaeiino? a?ae
aoi?/ieo iniaeeainoae, oiaoi ?N ? ioeueoeaaiiei caoai?thaaiiyi eieon?a,
ye? iathoue ??cia cia/aiiy a ??cieo aoi?/ieo a?oiao. I?iya aaiaoe/ii?
noeeueiino? aei ?N caeaaeeoue a?ae ae?? ciai?oi?o oaeoi??a. (Iica?,
1993, Aon?a, 1997).
Ioeea?iiaee iaoaaie?ci i?e ?N. sse na?ae/eoue iaa?ieia?/ia i?aeoeea,
ai?no IE o e?ia? i?e iaoieia?/ieo noaiao OeIN ??ciee, a oiio aeieea?
iio?aaa aeei?enoaoe eiai c ae?aaiinoe/iith iaoith. Oea?aa?aeuei?
a?aoii?aeeoe ia??aeei iiieeeiai ae?aaiinoothoue ia o?eueee ye ?N, aea ?
ye ?inoeueoe (aaii?aa?/iee /e ?oai?/iee), oae ? iooeeie, ui na?ae/eoue
i?i aeooaeuei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy aeeoa?aioe?eii? ae?aaiinoeee. sse
aeyaeeiny, oea?aa?aeuei? a?aoii?aeeoe noi?iaiaeaeothoueny cia/iei
aeinoia??iei i?aeaeuaiiyi o e?ia? ??aiy AeIE o 3,8 ?ace (p
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