Iieoaanueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao
?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea
NEAOUe AeIEO?I AeIEO?IAE*
OAeE 721.011:628.928:69.024.92
EIIIEAENIEE IAOIAe AE??OAIIss
CAI?OIIAI INA?OEAIIss AOAeEIE?A
05.23.01 -” Aoae?aaeuei? eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa nii?oaee”
A A O I ? A O A ? A O
aeena?oaoe??
ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Iieoaaa – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iieoaanueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao?
?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Iiaeeao Ieaenaiae? Ieeiiiae/,
Iieoaanueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee
oi?aa?neoao ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e a?o?oaeoo?e
aoae?aaeue oa i?noiaoaeoaaiiy.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Oiieoey Eaii?ae Ieeieaeiae/,
Noinueeee aea?aeaaiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
aoae?aaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e;
eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Ae?eiai Ieoaeei Oaaaeueiae/,
Iaeanueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e,
aeioeaio eaoaae?e a?o?oaeoo?ieo eiino?oeoe?e.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oi?aa?neoao
aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe
Oe?a?ie, eaoaae?a a?o?oaeoo?ieo eiino?oeoe?e,
i. Ee?a.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 02 ” eenoiiaaea 1999 ?., i 1300 aiaeei?,
ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 44.052.02 a Iieoaanueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea ca
aae?anith:
314601, i. Iieoaaa, Ia?oio?aaiaaee i?iniaeo, 24.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Iieoaanueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea ca
aae?anith:
314601, i. Iieoaaa, Ia?oio?aaiaaee i?iniaeo, 24.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 30 ” aa?aniy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Naiei I.A.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Iino?eii c?inoath/ee aeao?oeeo oa aa?o?noue
aia?a?? a on?o oaoi?/ii ?icaeiooeo e?a?iao na?oo, a oaeiae o iao?e
aea?aeaa?, iinoaaeee ia ii?yaeie aeaiiee ieoaiiy i?i aa?aaeeeaa e
aeiiiiia aeei?enoaiiy iaeeaii – aia?aaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a. Caaaeaiiy
aeiiii?? an?o aeae?a aia?aaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a iiaiith i??? noino?oueny ?
oaei? aaaeeeai? aaeoc?, ye aoae?aieoeoai.
Cia/iee aeeaae o caaaeueiee ?aca?a aeiiii?? aia?ai?ano?n?a iiaea aooe
aeinyaiooee o ?acoeueoao? ?ic?iaeaiiy e oi?iaaaeaeaiiy a i?aeoeeo
a?o/eciyiiai aoae?aieoeoaa ?aoe?iiaeueieo ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueieo ?
eiino?oeoeaieo ae??oaiue ae?iaie/eo oa a?iiaaenueeeo aoaeeie?a.
?aoe?iiaeueia ia’?iii-ieaioaaeueia oa eiino?oeoeaia ae??oaiiy aoaeeieo
o?nii iia’ycaia c oaeineiiaeaieie na?oeii?ici?eie iai?iaeaeoaaeueieie
eiino?oeoe?yie oa aoaeoeaieie nenoaiaie i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy.
Iaaeiioe?iea ?ie? i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy a na?e /an aoea iaei??th c
i?e/ei ianiaiai aoae?aieoeoaa aace?ooa?ieo ? aaca?eiiieo aoaeeie?a, ye?
a?aecia/aeenue iacaaeia?eueiei aioo??oi?i na?aaeiaeuai oa i?aeaeuaieie
aeo?aoaie aia?a?? ia ooo/ia ina?oeaiiy e aaioeeyoe?th ae?iaie/eo
aoaeeie?a.
O oie aea /an o a?eueoino? no/anieo ae?iaie/eo aoaeeie?a, iniaeeai
oai, aea iiaeii? caaacia/oaaoenue iioeiaeuei? oiiae aeey aeeiiaiiy
oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a ? c?o/iino? aeey i?aoethth/eo, iaei??th c
aaaeeeaeo caaea/ iinoa? aea?? ?aoe?iiaeueieo nenoai i?e?iaeiiai
ina?oeaiiy. ?nioth/? ii?iaoeai? na?oeioaoi?/i? aeieoiaioe, ye?
aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e i?iaeooaaii? nenoai aa?oiueiai i?e?iaeiiai
ina?oeaiiy, ia iia’ycai? aca?iii i?ae niaith ? iaaeinoaoiuei
a?aoiaothoue aeiiae aei aeai?o i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy. A ?acoeueoao?
oeueiai /anoeia na?oeii?i??c?a iiaea aooe ?icoaoiaaia a iaaoaeoeaieo
i?noeyo iai?iae?, ui a e?ioeaaiio ?acoeueoao? i?eaiaeeoue aei cia/ieo
iaoa??aeueieo oa aia?aaoe/ieo aeo?ao.
Oiio ia no/aniiio aoai?, eiee cia/ia oaaaa i?eae?ey?oueny aeiiiiiiio
aeei?enoaiith oaieiai? oa aeaeo?e/ii? aia?a??, a?aenooi?noue iaoiae?a
ae??oaiiy oe??? caaea/? oneeaaeith? i?iaeooaaiiy ?aoe?iiaeueiiai
cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy, i?ecaiaeeoue a aaaaoueio aeiaaeeao aei aeai?o
aeaeaei ia iioeiaeueiiai cia/aiiy ieiu? na?oeiaeo i?i??c?a, ui a naith
/a?ao cieaeo? aoaeoeai?noue nenoai i?e?iaeiiai cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy.
I?aaeeueiee aea?? ieiu? na?oeiaeo i?i??c?a aea? ciiao ?noioii ciaioeoe
i?eaaaeai? aeo?aoe ia aa?oi? ina?oeaiiy oa iia’ycai? c iei ?iaeaia?i?
nenoaie, a oaeiae iie?ioeoe aenieoaoaoe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee aoaeeie?a.
O ca’yceo c oeei aeooaeueiei ? aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiaeeee i?iaeooaaiiy
cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy o ae?iaie/eo ? a?iiaaenueeeo aoaeeieao c
o?aooaaiiyi na?oeioaoi?/ieo aeiia oa eiino?oeoeaieo ae??oaiue.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie
Oaia iaoeiai? ?iaioe aoiaeeoue a iaoeiao i?ia?aio eaoaae?e c aeiiii??
oaieioe e aia?a?? a i?iaeooaaii? oa aoae?aieoeoa?, yea aeoiaeeoue ?c
caaaeueiiaea?aeaaii? i?ia?aie aeiiii?? aia?ai?ano?n?a o ia?iaeiiio
ainiiaea?noa? Oe?a?ie ? ia? aaeeea cia/aiiy aeey noai?aiiy oiia
caaacia/aiiy ii?iaeueiiai aenieoaoaoe?eiiai ?aaeeio aoaeeie?a oa
caa?aaeaiiy caei?ia’y ethaeae.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa ?iaioe iieyaa? a noai?aii?
iaoiaeo iioeiaeueiiai i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy aeey ae?iaie/eo
oa a?iiaaenueeeo aoaeeie?a.
I?e i?iaaaeaii? oai?aoe/ii-aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue aoee
iinoaaeai? ianooii? eiie?aoi? caaea/?:
– aenia?eiaioaeueii aeine?aeeoe oa?aeoa? ?iciiae?eo ia oiiai?e ?iai/?e
iiaa?oi? (O?I) i?yii? neeaaeiai? eiao?oe??ioa i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy
(EII) i?e iioeiaeueiiio i?iaeooaaii? cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy aoaeeie?a;
-?ic?iaeoe iaoiae ?ic?aooieo EII a aoaeeieao a?ae cai?oiiai e?ooa?y
e?oaei? oi?ie;
– oai?aoe/ii anoaiiaeoe caeiiii??iino? ?iciiae?eo ina?oeaiiy ia oiiai?e
?iai/?e iiaa?oi? a?ae cai?oieo e?ooa??a iaea?eueo iioe?aieo oi?i;
– aecia/eoe iioeiaeuei? eiino?oeoeai? ia?aiao?e cai?oieo e?ooa??a,
aeoiaey/e ?c oiia ?o aoaeoeaiiai aeei?enoaiiy, iniaeeainoae
oaoiieia?/iiai i?ioeano oa a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiino?oeoeaiiai ae??oaiiy
aoaeeieo;
– ?ic?iaeoe ia iniia? oai?aoe/ieo e aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
a?aoiaiae?oe/iee ? aiae?oe/iee iaoiaee i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai
ina?oeaiiy, ye? aeaaaee a ciiao aoaeoeaii ?icoaoiaoaaoe na?oeia? i?i??ce
o iie?eoo? caeaaeii a?ae aeiia oaoiieia?/iiai i?ioeano oa
a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiino?oeoeaiiai ae??oaiiy aoaeeieo;
– ?ic?ia?eoe i?iiiceoe?? oa i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aei iioeiaeueiiai
i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy aoaeeie?a.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a
?ic?iaeaii iaoiae ?ic?aooieo EII a?ae cai?oiiai e?ooa?y e?oaei? oi?ie.
Oai?aoe/ii aeine?aeaeaii ?iciiae?e ina?oeaiiy ia ai?eciioaeuei?e O?I a
iniiai?e na?oeioaoi?/i?e cii? a?ae nenoaie cai?oieo e?ooa??a ??cieo oi?i
? eiino?oeoe?e, aea aieea i?yii? neeaaeiai? EII oeeo e?ooa??a ia
?ic?aooieia? oi/ee oe??? ciie iaeneiaeueiee.
Aenia?eiaioaeueii aeine?aeaeaii oa?aeoa? ?iciiae?eo ina?oeaiiy ia
ai?eciioaeuei?e O?I a iniiai?e na?oeioaoi?/i?e cii? oa ciiao, ui
iaaeothoue aai iaea?eueo iaaeeaeai? aei aieiaeo iai?iaeaeoaaeueieo
eiino?oeoe?e aoaeeieo.
Cai?iiiiiaaii aiae?oe/iee iaoiae i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy
ae?iaie/eo oa a?iiaaenueeeo aoaeeie?a ?c aeei?enoaiiyi IAII.
Oaeineiiaeaii iiia?aaei?e ?ic?aooiie i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy
aoaeeieo oeyoii ?ic?iaeaiiy a?aoiaiae?oe/iiai (?iaeaia?iiai) iaoiaeo
i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a
Cai?iiiiiaai? aiae?oe/iee oa a?aoiaiae?oe/iee iaoiaee i?iaeooaaiiy
aeiiiiiaeooue i?iaeooaaeueieeo c iaioeie cao?aoaie /ano ia iniia?
?nioth/i? iiiaieeaoo?e cai?oieo e?ooa??a caeaaeii a?ae
ooieoe?iiaeueii-oaoiieia?/ieo, a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiino?oeoeaieo, aeiiii?/ieo
? ee?iaoe/ieo oaeoi??a cai?iaeooaaoe ?aoe?iiaeueia cai?oia ina?oeaiiy
ae?iaie/eo oa a?iiaaenueeeo aoaeeie?a.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a i?aaenoaaeaii ?acoeueoaoaie:
– aenia?eiaioaeueii-oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?iciiae?eo ina?oeaiiy
a?ae nenoaie cai?oieo e?ooa??a iaea?eueo iioe?aieo oi?i ? eiino?oeoe?e;
– iaoiaeeeith ?ic?aooieo EII a?ae cai?oiiai e?ooa?y e?oaei? oi?ie;
-aiae?oe/iith oa a?aoiaiae?oe/iith iaoiaeeeith i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai
ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe
aeiiia?aeaeeny ia iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo Iieoaanueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea (1990, 1993,1998 ?.).
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii i’youe noaoae o
ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue , o?i? oac aeiiia?aeae ia eiioa?aioe?yo,
iaeia noaooy aeaiiiiaaia.
Ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, i’youeio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae ?c 102 iaeiaioaaiue ?
aeiaeaoe?a. ?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia 238 noi??ieao, c yeeo 123
noi??iie iniiaiiai oaenoo, 55 noi??iie
aeiaeaoe?a, ?ethno?iaaia 75 ?enoieaie oa 11 oaaeeoeyie.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaia aeooaeuei?noue, iaoeiaa iiaecia oa i?aeoe/ia
oe?ii?noue ?iaioe, iiaeaia ?? caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? a?aecia/aii ?ieue cai?oiiai i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy a
caaacia/aii? aoaeoeaiiai na?oeiaiai i?e?iee?iaoo aoaeeie?a, aeai ei?ioeo
oa?aeoa?enoeeo ?nioth/eo nenoai aa?oiueiai i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy
aoaeeie?a oa eiino?oeoeaieo ae??oaiue e?ooa??a caeaaeii a?ae ?o
i?ecia/aiiy e aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy, i?aaaeaii aiae?c aeine?aeaeaiue
c ieoaiue aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? aoae?aaeue ?c cai?oiei ina?oeaiiyi
i?ei?uaiue, a?aeia?aaeaii aieea a?o?oaeoo?ii-ieaioaaeueiiai oa
eiino?oeoeaiiai ae??oaiiy aoaeeieo ? eiai nenoaie ina?oeaiiy ia ??aaiue
i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy a i?ei?uaii?, iaa?oioiaaii iaoo e noi?ioeueiaaii
iniiai? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? ?ica’ycothoueny a aeena?oaoe??.
O ?iaioao I. I. Aon?aa oa I. I. E??a?aa, A. I. Ae?icaeiaa e
O.?.Ni??iiai? i?eaaaeai? oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/i? ii??aiyiiy aoaeeie?a c
e?ooa?yie ? aac ieo, a ?acoeueoao? yeeo onoaiiaeaii, ui iaea?eueo
aoaeoeaiei ca oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieie iieacieeaie ? aoaeeiee ?c cai?oieie
e?ooa?yie.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? iiaeaia iaa?oiooaaiiy noaio e ?icaeoeo iaoiae?a
i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy aoaeeie?a ? i?iaaaeaii aiae?c oa aea??
iaea?eueo i?eeiyoiiai aeey ?ic?aooie?a ia AII iaoiaeo ?ic?aooieo
eiao?oe??ioa i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy (EII) a?ae i?yiieooiiai e ie?aii
e?oaeiai e?ooa?y.
I?aeoeea i?iaeooaaiiy i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy a iao /an aeei?enoiao?
?ic?aooieia? iaoiaee oaeei /eiii, uia ia ii/aoeia?e noaae?? i?iaeooaaiiy
iiaeia aoei a aeeiiaoe ?ic?aooiie ni?iuaiei iaoiaeii, a ia?aa??io
/anoeio – a?eueo oi/iei. Ni?iuaiei iaoiaeii ae??oo?oueny caaea/a
iiia?aaeiueiai ciaoiaeaeaiiy iaiao?aeii? caaaeueii? ieiu? na?oeiaeo
i?i??c?a i?e caaeaiiio ii?iaoeaiiio cia/aii? EII. Ia ae?oa?e noaae??
i?iaeooaaiiy caaaeueia ieiua e?ooa??a ia?aoai?th?oueny a nenoaio
i?i??c?a ? ia?aa??iei ?ic?aooieii aecia/athoueny oaeoe/i? cia/aiiy EII c
o?aooaaiiyi ?ici???a oa ?icoaooaaiiy na?oeiaeo i?i??c?a o iie?eoo?
aoaeeieo e ii??aiyiiy eiai c ii?iaoeaiei cia/aiiyi. Aeecueea
a?aeiia?aei?noue ?ic?aooieiaeo oa ii?iaoeaieo cia/aiue EII – iieaciee
aeinoaoiueiai ??aiy i?iaeooaaiiy.
Aeine?aeaeaiiyi ?c ?ic?iaeaiiy e ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a i?aeoeeo iaoiae?a
i?iaeooaaiiy aa?oiueiai i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy aoaeeie?a oa iaoiae?a
?ic?aooieo EII a?ae e?ooa??a ??cieo oi?i ? eiino?oeoe?e i?enayoeee nai?
?iaioe TH.I. Aeaenaiae?ia, E.A. Aaoo??i, N.A. Aaey?a, Ae.
Aa?ianeo, A.A. Aaeiaa?a, I.I. Aa?ooi, I.O. Ae?eiai, Ae.Ae.
Ai?ae?oea, I.I. Aon?a, I.I. Aeaieethe, A.I.Ae?icaeia, A. Aia, ?.I.
A??aaioeaa, A.A. Caioeia, I.I. E????a, A.A. I?oeia, A.I. Ni?ie?i, O.?.
Ni??iiaa e ?io?.
On? ?nioth/? iaoiaee i?iaeooaaiiy ? ?ic?aooieo EII caeaa?eueoiai
iiae?eythoueny ia aiae?oe/i?, a?aoiaiae?oe/i? oa a?ao?/i?. Aiae?oe/i? e
a?ao?/i? iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo EII a?oioothoueny ii?aaaaeii ia aeaio
iniiaieo caeiiao na?oeioaoi?ee: caeii? i?iaeoe?? o?eaniiai eooa oa
caeii? iiae?aiino?. A iniiao aiae?oe/ieo ?ic?aooie?a iieeaaeaia oi?ioea
A?ia?a aai O?aa?, ca aeiiiiiaith yei? a eiaeiiio eiie?aoiiio aeiaaeeo
aeeiio?oueny ?ic?aooiie EII.
Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a ii??aiyiiy ia eiie?aoieo i?eeeaaeao iaoiae?a
?ic?aooieo EII aeiiii?a aecia/eoe iaea?eueo oi/iee ? i?eeiyoiee aeey
?ic?aooie?a ia AII iaoiae ?ic?aooieo EII: a?ae i?yiieooiiai a ieai?
cai?oiiai e?ooa?y – ca iaoiaeeeith, ui cai?iiiiiaaia Ae.Aa?ianeo oa
A.Aia; a?ae e?oaeiai a ieai? cai?oiiai e?ooa?y – ca iaoiaeeeith, yea
?ic?iaeaia aaoi?ii aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe.
O?ao?e ?icae?e i?enay/aii ?ic?iaeaiith aiae?oe/iiai iaoiaeo
i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue ca aeiiiiiaith AII oa
aiae?co ?ic?aooie?a iioeiaeueiiai e?ieo oa?aeoa?ieo oi?i cai?oieo
e?ooa??a o ieai?: e?oaeiai ? i?yiieooiiai. Nii/aoeo aaoi?ii aoee
i?iaaaeai? oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy ?iciiae?eo i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy
ia ai?eciioaeuei?e oiiai?e ?iai/?e iiaa?oi? (O?I) a?ae iaeiiai e?ooa?y
oa nenoaie e?ooa??a, a iio?i ia iniia? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue
?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo aiae?oe/iiai iaoiaeo i?iaeooaaiiy ca aeiiiiiaith
AII ?c o?aooaaiiyi aenioe i?ei?uaiiy, aenioe ai?oo e?ooa?y ?
iaiao?aeiiai na?aaeiueiai cia/aiiy (en?) EII ia O?I. Cia/aiiy EII a?ae
cai?oiiai e?ooa?y a aeia?euei?e ?ic?aooieia?e oi/oe? I, yea iaeaaeeoue
?ic?aooieia?e e?i?? oiiaiiai ?iai/iai ia?a??co ia O?I, aecia/a?oueny ca
oi?ioeith
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Cyr?????-?????!?E????????? r2- eiao?oe?aio, yeee
a?aoiao? i?aeaeuaiiy EII i?e aa?oiueiio
ina?oeaii? caaaeyee na?oeia?, ui a?aeaeaa?oueny a?ae iiaa?oiiue
i?ei?uaiiy;
EC – eiao?oe?aio caiano;
q – eiao?oe?aio, yeee o?aoiao? ia??aiii??i?noue ?iciiae?eo
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IEI iaaa ? aecia/a?oueny ca oi?ioeith
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Symbol?????-?????????!?=????????u??????1/4????”System?
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Eiaeia ?ic?aooieiaa oi/ea I ii a?aeiioaiith aei i?iaeoe?? i?yiieooiiai
na?oeii?i??co ia ai?eciioaeueio O?I iiaea i?eeiaoe /ioe?e iniiai?
iieiaeaiiy (aeea. ?en. 1). Na?oeiaee i?i??c ?icaeaa?oueny ia iaio?
i?yiieooieee oae, uia oi/ea I aoea ia iaae? aai iica an?ia oeeie
iaeaiueeeie i?yiieooieeaie. Oiae? ieiua i?iaeoe?? wmetafile8?
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Y1=YM+B; Y2=YM -B; X1=XI+A; X2=XI -A; H1=H+h . (5)
?ic?aooieia? cia/aiiy YM , XI caeaaeaoue a?ae i?noey ciaoiaeaeaiiy
oi/ee I a?aeiinii i?yiieooiiai na?oeiaiai i?i??co, a cia/aiiy A, A, h
? I ? a?aeiia?aeii ?ici??aie iieiaeie oe?eie ? aeiaaeeie, aenioe
na?oeii?i??co e aenioe i?ei?uaiiy a?ae O?I aei ieco na?oeii?i??co (aeea.
?en. 2).
Aaiiao?e/iee EII a?ae e?ooa?y e?oaei? oi?ie c aa?oeeaeueiei ai?oii
(wmetafile8? ??AE????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????A ???&?
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Cyr??????-?????!?h?????????c???u@th??????1/4?????Symbol?
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New Roman
Cyr??????-??????????!?0????????u??????1/4????"System??
??-????????????CFue????P?FO‡oeAe?t) aecia/a?oueny ca oi?ioeith
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Cyr?X????-?????????!?o???????? ‹???u@th??????1/4?????
Symbol?????-?????????!?=???????? ???u@th??????1/4??I
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Cyr?X????-?????????!?sin???????? ????!?,????????Ue9
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Cyr?1/4???-?????????!?2????????oa???u@th??????1/4??I?
?Times New Roman
Cyr?X????-?????????!?2????????u??????1/4????"System??
??-???????????aea wmetafile8? ??p????????????
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yyyyyyyyyyy - eoo, yeee ooai?ththoue e?i??, ui i?iaaaeai? c oi/ee I aei
a?aieoeue na?oeii?i??co ii aa?oeeaeueiiio ia?a??co.
?en. 2. ?icoaooaaiiy ?ic?aooieiai? oi/ee I a?aeiinii na?oeii?i??co a ?Y
aeiaaeeo OI >A ? YM >B
Cia/aiiy aaiiao?e/iiai EII a?ae e?ooa?y e?oaei? oi?ie c aa?oeeaeueiei
ai?oii h a?aeiia?aeii aei caeiio iiae?aiino? aecia/a?oueny ?c
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
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Cyr??????-?????????!?I????????hS???!?O?????????ss
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Cyr?????-?????????!?,????????u??????1/4????”System??
??-??????????? P?nC6AuF` ex???e (7)
aea Fa – aeoeaia ieiua na?oeii?i??co;
F – ieiua e?oaeiai na?oeii?i??co ?c aa?oeeaeueieie ai?oaie;
wmetafile8? ???????????????
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??-????????????yyyyyc Aeoeaia ieiua na?oeii?i??co (Fa) aoaea
neeaaeaoeny c aeaio e?oaiaeo naaiaio?a ?c ?aae?onaie R oa R1 , ye?
?icae?eai? caaaeueiith oi?aeith KN . Caeaaeii a?ae a?aenoai? oi/ee I ii
a?aeiioaiith aei i?iaeoe?? aaiiao?e/iiai oeaio?a na?oeii?i??co ia
ai?eciioaeuei?e O?I iiaeia aeae?eeoe aeaa aeiaaeee (aeea. ?en. 3), eiee
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Cyr?3/4d???-?????????!?;????????u??????1/4????"System?
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Cyr?????-?????????!?,????????u??????1/4????"System??
??-????????????????????????????????????????? (8)
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Cyr?????-?????????!?(???????? ~
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?????????????????????????? - i?iaeoe?y aeo?aeiiai ioai?o na?oeii?i??co
?aae?onii R ia ??aaiue ieiueie ao?aeiiai ioai?o;
m - aaee/eia ci?uaiiy aaiiao?e/ieo oeaio??a ao?aeiiai oa
aeo?aeiiai ioai??a (aeea. ?en. 3)
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(9)
aea XI - a?aenoaiue a?ae aaiiao?e/iiai oeaio?a e?ooa?y aei oi/ee I;
h - aenioa ai?oo e?ooa?y ; I - a?aenoaiue a?ae O?I aei ieco e?ooa?y.
Aeoeaia ieiua na?oeii?i??co aeey iacaaieo aeiaaee?a aecia/a?oueny ca
oi?ioeaie:
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I?e OI>R aeoeaia ieiua na?oeii?i??co aecia/a?oueny caeaaeii a?ae
cia/aiiy m ca oi?ioeaie (10) ? (11), a aaiiao?e/iee EII ?c
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy (7)
wmetafile8? ??[???????????
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Cyr?A???-?????????!?I????????o???!?O?????????a??
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Cyr??????-?????????!?F????????oF???!?F???????? ?
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Cyr??????-?????????!?.????????u??????1/4????”System??
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I?e OI >R eoo wmetafile8? ??p????????????
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yyyyyyyyyyy ?ic?aoiao?oueny ca oi?ioeith:
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?MathType??????u????????????-?????,ss???,(???,???
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? i???!?=????????o^???!?-???????? ????!?-????????
†???!?+????????o? aeei?enoiao?oueny i?e ia/eneaii?
wmetafile8? ??›????????????
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?MathType??P?????????u@th??????1/4????Symbol?????-?????!
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Cyr?????-??????????!?O????????u??????1/4????”System??
??-????????????yyyaxyyyyaoyyyyA?yyyyA?xyyyyA?x?yyy o oi?ioe?
(6).
?en. 3. Aecia/aiiy aeoeaii? ieiu? e?oaeiai a ieai? na?oeii?i??co
Ca aeiiiiiaith aiae?oe/ieo ?ic?aooie?a aaiiao?e/iiai EII aeine?aeaeaii
?iciiae?e ina?oeaiiy ii o?ueio ?ic?aooieiaeo e?i?yo ia?aoeio oiiaieo
aa?oeeaeueieo ia?a??c?a ?c ai?eciioaeueiith O?I caeaaeii a?ae e?ieo
e?ooa??a, aenioe i?ei?uaiiy ? ieiu? e?ooa?y. Iaeiaio ina?oeaia ii
a?aeiioaiith aei ?ic?aooieiaeo e?i?e, ye? i?ioiaeyoue ii i?iaeoe?yo
aaiiao?e/ieo oeaio??a e?ooa??a ia O?I, ? ?ic?aooieiaa e?i?y, ui
i?ioiaeeoue i?ae e?ooa?yie ? c’?aeio? iaea?eueo a?aeaeaeai? a?ae
aaiiao?e/ieo oeaio??a e?ooa??a ?ic?aooieia? oi/ee. Oeth e?i?th i?e
i?iaeooaaii? e ia?aa??ieo ?ic?aooieao i?eeia?ii ca iniiaio ?ic?aooieiao.
Aiae?oe/iee iaoiae i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue
aeeiio?ii ca aeiiiiiaith AII o oae?e iine?aeiaiino?: ia?oee aoai, yeee
aeeiio? i?iaeooaaeueiee, neeaaea?oueny c i?aeaioiaee aeo?aeii?
?ioi?iaoe?? oa aaaaeaiiy aeaieo a AII; ae?oaee aoai, ui aeeiio?oueny ia
AII a aaoiiaoeciaaiiio ?aaeei?, aeeth/a? ?ic?aooiie iioeiaeueiiai e?ieo
e e?eueeino? e?ooa??a. O ?acoeueoao? ia/eneaiue iaea?aeo?ii a?ao?e
caeaaeiino? i?ae iioeiaeueiei e?ieii (O) e?ooa??a aecia/aii?
eiino?oeoe?? oa aenioith i?ei?uaiiy i?ae ??aiai O?I ? iecii e?ooa??a (I)
(aeea. ?en. 4).
?en. 4. A?ao?e caeaaeiino? i?ae iioeiaeueiei e?ieii e?ooa??a ?aae?onii
R=1i oa aenioith i?ae ??aiai O?I ? iecii e?ooa??a
- h=0,5i; - h=0,3i;
- h=0,7 i.
Caaaeueio e?euee?noue e?ooa??a (N), ui iaiao?aeia aeey ina?oeaiiy
i?ei?uaiiy, aecia/a?ii ca oi?ioeith
wmetafile8? ??"???????????
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Cyr?A???-??????????!?I????????Py???!?O?I???????? H
???!?E????????a*???u@th??????1/4?????Symbol?????-??????
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Cyr??????-??????????!?/????????u??????1/4????"System??
??-????????????????????????????????????????, (16)
aea AI - caaaeueia ieiua ai?eciioaeueii? O?I a i?ei?uaii?;
wmetafile8? ???????????????
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Cyr??????-?????!?A????????P5???uAth??????1/4??I??Times
New Roman Cyr?w ???-??????????!?O?I????????
????!?E????????u??????1/4????"System????-???????????
?yyythueyyyyythueyyyyythueyyyyyyoyyyy- aeoeaia ieiua ai?eciioaeueii?
O?I, yeo ina?oeth? iaeei e?ooa? ?c nenoaie ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiiy.
I?e neiao?e/iiio ?ici?uaii? e?oaeeo aai eaaae?aoieo o ieai? e?ooa??a
aeoeaia ieiua O?I, yeo ina?oeth? e?ooa?, aecia/a?oueny ?c
ni?aa?aeiioaiiiy
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?yyythueyyyyythueyyyyythueyyyyyyoyyyy= O2, (17)
a i?e neiao?e/iiio ?ici?uaii? i?yiieooieo o ieai? e?ooa??a wmetafile8?
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?yyythueyyyyythueyyyyythueyyyyyyoyyyy aecia/a?oueny ca oi?ioeith
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????!?E????????u??????1/4????"System????-???????????
?yyythueyyyyythueyyyyythueyyyyyyoyyyy=OY OX , (18)
aea OY ,OX - a?aeiia?aeii e?ie e?ooa??a o iiia?a/iiio oa iicaeiaaeiueiio
iai?yieo O?I.
Oai?aoe/i? ?ic?aooiee iioeiaeueiiai e?ieo e?ooa??a c o?aooaaiiyi aenioe
i?ei?uaiiy, aenioe oa ?ici???a e?ooa??a caeaaeii a?ae iio??aiiai
na?aaeiueiai cia/aiiy EII ? i?i?iaeuei?e ia??aiii??iino? ina?oeaiiy
aeaee ciiao io?eiaoe iioeiaeuei? cia/aiiy ieiu e?ooa??a, i?e yeeo
a?aeiioaiiy noia?ii? ieiu? na?oeiaeo i?iei e?ooa??a aei ieiu? i?aeeiae
i?ei?uaiiy (AN.O/AI) i?i?iaeuei?. ?acoeueoaoe aiae?co oai?aoe/ieo
?ic?aooie?a iaaiaeyoueny a oaae. 2.
Cia/aiiy iioeiaeueiiai e?ieo e?ooa??a caeaaeii a?ae ?ici???a e?ooa?y
aeey i?ei?uaiiy aoaeeieo, a yeiio i?iaeoo?oueny i?e?iaeia ina?oeaiiy,
aecia/a?oueny ca oi?ioeith
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Cyr??????-????!?O????????aeI
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Cyr?‡,???-?????????!?N????????Eoe???!?O????????E3?
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aea A - ieiua e?ooa?y.
Caeaaei?noue i?ae e?ieii wmetafile8? ??w????????????
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Cyr?Y???-??????????!?a????????a‚???!?a????????aO
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Cyr??N???-??????????!?0????????Pu???!?1????????P
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Cyr?Y???-??????????!?,????????u??????1/4????"System??
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aea a0 , a1, a2, a3 - eiao?oe??ioe i?e aaaaoi/eaiia?, aecia/athoueny ca
oaae. 1 caeaaeii a?ae aenioe ai?oo e?ooa?y.
Oaaeeoey 1
ana0a1 a2a3h,i0,30,321,90,770,50,321,8
1,450,570,70,341,61,00,28
Oaaeeoey 2
Iioeiaeuei? ieiu? e?ooa?y A, i2 ? a?aeiioaiiy noia?ii? ieiu? na?oeiaeo
i?iei e?ooa??a Ano aei ieiu? i?aeeiae i?ei?uaiiy Ai , caeaaeii a?ae
na?aaeiueiai cia/aiiiy EII (en?), aenioe i?ei?uaiiy Ii oa aenioe i?ieie
h aei 0,7 i i?e iiaea?eiiio caneeaii? e eiao?oe??io? r2 =1,1 .
2
Aenioa i?ei?uaiiy aei ieco na?oeiai? i?ieie, i an?, h,
Ii =3,3i Ii=6,0i Ii =10,0i Ii =18,0i % iAno/Ai,
% A,
i2Ano/Ai,
% A,
i2Ano/Ai
% A,
i2Ano/Ai,
% A,
i20,7 8,51,5-4,5 5,52,5-9,0 4,05,0-16,0 3,0 10,0-30,0 10,5
7,00,5-4,5 4,52,5-7,0 3,53,5-12,0 3,0 4,5-30,00,3 5,00,5-2,5 4,0
0,5-8,0 3,02,0-11,0 2,5 4,0-30,0 0,7 15,52,5-9,0 12,04,0-24,0
9,09,0-30,0 8,0 14,0-30,0 30,5 13,02,0-7,0 10,03,0-19,0 8,08,0-24,0
7,0 12,5-30,00,3 10,01,5-4,0 8,03,0-9,0 6,57,0-14,0 6,5 6,0-30,00,7
21,03,5-10,5 15,5 8,0-18,0 13,014,0-30,0 12,0 18,0-30,0 50,5
18,03,0-7,0 14,55,0-19,5 12,09,0-30,0 11,0 14,0-30,00,3 14,52,0-5,0
12,0 4,0-14,0 10,08,0-26,0 10,0 8,0-30,00,7 33,0 6,0-16,5 26,01,0-30,0
23,019,0-30,0 23,0 19,0-30,0 100,5 29,0 4,5-12,5 23,012,5-18,0
21,018,0-30,0 21,0 18,0-30,0 0,3 25,02,5-11,0 21,07,0-18,0
19,013,0-30,0 19,0 13,0-30,0
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? aeeeaaeaii aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy
oa?aeoa?o ?iciiae?eo i?e?iaeiiai na?oea ia ai?eciioaeuei?e O?I, ye?
i?iaaaeaii ia iiaeae? i?ei?uaiiy, oa ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioo ? ?o
c?noaaeaiiy c oai?aoe/ieie ?ic?aooieaie ca ae?th/eie ii?iaoeaieie
aeieoiaioaie.
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeenue i?ae a?aee?eoei oia?iei
iaaii ia iiaeae? ae?iaie/iai aoaeeieo ?ici??ii o ieai? 51o51i, yea aoea
aeeiiaia a ianooaa? 1:20 aea?aaiaieieienoi? ieeoe, aioo??oi? iiaa?oi?
yei? aoee iioa?aiaai? /i?iith iaoiaith oa?aith.
O iie?eoo? iiaeae? aoei i?i??caii 36 ioai??a ?ici??ii 20o20ni, ia ye?
iaeeaaeaeenue iiaeae? o?ueio oei?a e?ooa??a : eaaae?aoiee, ?ici??ii
2,7o2,7i, e?oaeee, ?aae?onii 1,5i (ieiua na?oeii?i??c?a Se=7,29i2) oa
eaaae?aoiee ?c iioeeei ai?oii (eoo iaoeeo 60i) c ?ici??aie aa?oiueiai
ia?a??co 2,41o2,41i (Sa=5,76i2 ) ? ieaeiueiai - 2,99o2,99i (Si=8,94i2).
E?ie e?ooa??a noaiiaea 8,5i; aenioa ai?oo an?o e?ooa??a - 0,5i, a aenioa
aoaeeieo (a?ae i?aeeiae aei ieco e?ooa??a) - 15,7i.
Aei??e EII i?iaiaeeeeny a ?ic?aooieiaeo oi/eao ii ia?a??cao ?-?, ui
i?ioiaeea ii i?iaeoe?yo aaiiao?e/ieo oeaio??a e?ooa??a ia ai?eciioaeueio
O?I, oa ??-??, yeee i?ioiaeea i?ae e?ooa?yie ? c’?aeioaaa iaea?eueo
a?aeaeaeai? a?ae aaiiao?e/ieo oeaio??a e?ooa??a ?ic?aooieia? oi/ee ia
O?I, o na?oeioaoi?/ieo ciiao A, ui iaea?eueo ina?oeaia e?ooa?yie, AE,
yea iaaeo? ?c aieiaei iai?iaeaeaiiyi, A ? A, eio?? iaea?eueo iaaeeaeai?
aei no?iiai? iai?iaeaeoaaeueii? eiino?oeoe?? i?ei?uaiiy. ??aaiue O?I
ci?ithaaany a?ae 6 aei 15i c ?ioa?aaeii 3i. O eiaei?e na?oeioaoi?/i?e
cii? aoee aecia/ai? na?aaei? cia/aiiy EII oa eiao?oe??ioe
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy na?aaei?o cia/aiue EII i?ae na?oeioaoi?/iith ciiith A ?
ciiaie A,A, AE.
Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a aenia?eiaioo iieacaa, ui aeey an?o aa??aio?a
e?ooa??a ina?oeaiiy o i?ei?uaii? aenioith I=9, 12,15i a ia?a??c? ?-?
aeua, i?ae o ia?a??c? ??-??, ? o?eueee i?e I=6i ina?oeaiiy
na?oeioaoi?/ii? ciie A a ia?a??c? ??-?? aeua, i?ae o ia?a??c? ?-?.
I?i?iaeueiee eiao?oe??io ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae na?aaei?ie cia/aiiyie EII
cii AE ? A noaiiaeoue: aeey eaaae?aoiiai e?ooa?y c aa?oeeaeueiei ai?oii
- 0,73; aeey e?oaeiai e?ooa?y c aa?oeeaeueiiei ai?oii - 0,5; aeey
eaaae?aoiiai c iioeeei ai?oii - 0,52.
C?noaaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ?ic?aooieo e aenia?eiaioo aeey eiaeiiai ?c
aa??aio?a aeine?aeaeaiiy i?e ??cieo cia/aiiyo aenioe a?ae ieco e?ooa??a
aei ai?eciioaeueii? O?I iieacaee, ui aenia?eiaioaeuei? cia/aiiy EII
aeey eiaeii? iiaeae? e?ooa?y aoee aei 10%, a a ie?aieo aeiaaeeao aei 15
% aeu? a?ae a?aeiia?aeieo cia/aiue, ye? iaea?aeai? ?ic?aooieiaei
niiniaii ca aeiiiiiaith a?ao?e?a Aeaieethea (NIeI ??-04-79) oa
a?aoiaiae?oe/iiai iaoiaeo E????aa-Ni?ie?ia, aeeeaaeaiiai o iin?aieeo aei
?nioth/eo ii?i i?iaeooaaiiy ina?oeaiiy. Iaeneiaeuei? ?ica?aeiino? i?ae
aenia?eiaioaeueieie ? ?ic?aooieiaeie cia/aiiyie EII ? i?eeiyoieie aeey
?iaeaia?ieo ?ic?aooie?a o aaeoc? aoae?aaeueii? na?oeioaoi?ee.
O i’yoiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyaeathoueny ieoaiiy eiino?oeoeaiiai ae??oaiiy
cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy aoaeeieo ca aeiiiiiaith a?aoiaiae?oe/iiai iaoiaeo,
i?eaiaeyoueny i?eeeaaee eiino?oeoeaieo ?ic?aooie?a, aeai? aeiiii?/ii?
ioe?iee iaoiaeeee i?iaeooaaiiy oa ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aei i?iaeooaaiiy
cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy aoaeeieo.
I?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy aoae?aaeue ca aeiiiiiaith
a?aoiaiae?oe/iiai iaoiaeo aeeiio?oueny a oae?e iine?aeiaiino?:
a) ia?oee aoai – aecia/aiiy ii?iaoeaiiai cia/aiiy EII ca ?ic?yaeii
ci?iaeo ?ia?o, aea?? oi?ie ? ?ici???a cai?oiiai na?oeii?i??co oa
na?oeii?iioneath/iai iaoa??aeo;
a) ae?oaee aoai – aeeiiaiiy iiia?aaeiueiai ?ic?aooieo cai?oiiai
ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue ( aea?? cia/aiiy ANO/AI ca oaae.2 caeaaeii a?ae
aenioe aoaeeieo, aenioe ai?oo e?ooa?y ? na?aaeiueiai cia/aiiy EII;
?ic?aooiie e?ieo e?ooa?y ca oi?ioeith (19), e?eueeino? e?ooa??a ca
oi?ioeaie (17), (18), (16)); ooi/iaiiy e?ieo e?ooa?y ca aeiiiiiaith
eiao?oe??ioa wmetafile8? ??p????????????
???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ???&?
?MathType??P?????????u@th??????1/4????Symbol?????-?????!
?b????????u??????1/4????"System????-??????????????????
????????????????????????, yeee o?aoiao? aieea caaaeueiiai eiao?oe??ioa
na?oeii?iioneaiiy wmetafile8? ??›????????????
???????????yyy????.????1????????????? a???&?
?MathType??P?????
????u@th??????1/4????Symbol?????-?????!?t????????????
uAth??????1/4??I??Times New Roman
Cyr????-??????????!?0????????u??????1/4????"System??
??-????????????yyyaoyyyyyaoyyyyya?yyyyyya?yyyyyyA?yyyyy ia
cia/aiiy e?ieo e?ooa?y ? aecia/a?oueny ca oi?ioeith (20); ?ici?uaiiy
e?ooa??a o iie?eoo? aoae?ae?;
a) o?ao?e aoai – aeeiiaiiy ia?aa??ieo ?ic?aooie?a i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy
a ?ic?aooieiaeo oi/eao, ui iaea?eueo a?aeaeaeai? a?ae aaiiao?e/ieo
oeaio??a e?ooa??a ? iaeaaeaoue ?ic?aooieia?e e?i?? O?I i?ei?uaiiy;
a) /aoaa?oee aoai – aianaiiy ei?aeoea?a aei i?iaeoo eiino?oeoeaiiai
ae??oaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiiy aoae?ae? oa iiaoi?iee
ia?aa??iee ?ic?aooiie ina?oeaiiy (i?e iaiao?aeiino?), c?noaaeaiiy aeaio
aa??aio?a eiino?oeoeaiiai ae??oaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy.
A?aoiaiae?oe/iee iaoiae i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy, yeee
?ic?iaeaii, aeaa iiaeeea?noue nooo?ai ciaioeoe ii??aiyii c ?nioth/eie
iaoiaeaie ieiuo na?oeiaeo i?i??c?a. Oae, i?e an?=3% ciaioaiiy caaaeueii?
ieiu? noaiiaeoue caeaaeii a?ae aenioe ai?oo e?ooa?y ? aenioe i?ei?uaiiy
1-3%, i?e an?=5% - 2-6%.
?acoeueoaoe oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ii? ioe?iee iieacaee, ui aoae?ae? ?c
cai?oiei ina?oeaiiyi ii??aiyii c aace?ooa?ieie ? a?eueo aeiiii?/ieie.
Ca ?aooiie aeei?enoaiiy i?e?iaeiiai na?oea caaacia/o?oueny cieaeaiiy
i?eaaaeaieo aeo?ao ia ina?oeaiiy aei 40% ? aia?aiaeo?ao aei 50%.
A aeiaeaoeao iaaaaeai? aeai?eoi ? i?ia?aia aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueiiai
e?ieo e?ooa??a ca aeiiiiiaith AII, a?ao?ee aiae?co oai?aoe/ieo oa
ania?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue, oioici?iee iiaeae?, i?eeeaae
aia?aaoe/ii? ioe?iee aa??aio?a eiino?oeoeaiiai ae??oaiiy cai?oiiai
ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue, a oaeiae aeia?aeee i?i ai?iaaaeaeaiiy.
AENIIAEE
Iniiai? aeniiaee, ui io?eiai? ia iniia? aiae?co oa ocaaaeueiaiiy
?acoeueoao?a i?iaaaeaieo oai?aoe/ii-aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue,
ye? aoee ni?yiiaai? ia ?ica’ycaiiy caaaeaiue, ui noaaeeeny a ?iaio?,
caiaeyoueny aei oaeiai:
1. ?ic?iaeaii aiae?oe/iee iaoiae ?ic?aooieo aaiiao?e/iiai eiao?oe??ioa
i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy (EII) a?ae cai?oiiai e?ooa?y e?oaei? oi?ie.
2. Io?eiaii ca ?acoeueoaoaie oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?c aeei?enoaiiyi
aiae?oe/ieo ?ic?aooie?a aaiiao?e/iiai EII caeiiii??iino? ?iciiae?eo
ina?oeaiiy ia ai?eciioaeuei?e O?I a?ae nenoaie cai?oieo e?ooa??a
caeaaeii a?ae aenioe i?ei?uaiiy, ?ici???a oa e?ieo e?ooa??a. Iaeiaio
ina?oeaiith ?ic?aooieiaith e?i??th oiiaiiai ia?a??co c O?I, ui
i?eeia?oueny i?e ia?aa??ieo ?ic?aooieao ca iniiaio, ? e?i?y, yea
i?ioiaeeoue i?ae e?ooa?yie ? c’?aeio? iaea?eueo a?aeaeaeai? a?ae
aaiiao?e/ieo oeaio??a e?ooa??a ?ic?aooieia? oi/ee.
3. Ia iniia? cai?iiiiiaaieo aiae?oe/ieo iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo EII a?ae
i?yiieooiiai oa e?oaeiai e?ooa??a ?ic?iaeaia i?ia?aia ?ic?aooieo
iioeiaeueiiai e?ieo e?ooa??a ca aeiiiiiaith AII.
4. Anoaiiaeai? iaae? iioeiaeueii? ieiu? na?oeiaiai i?i??co ?c aenioith
ai?oo aei 0,7i, ui caaacia/o? i?i?iaeueia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy noia?ii? ieiu?
na?oeiaeo i?iei aei ieiu? i?aeeiae caeaaeii a?ae aenioe i?ei?uaiiy i?e
iio??aiiio cia/aii? EII.
5. Ca aeiiiiiaith aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue ia iiaeae?
iaea?aeaii eiao?oe??ioe ni?aa?aeiioaiue EII i?ae iniiaiith iaea?eueo
ina?oeaiith ae?eyieith O?I oa ae?eyieaie, ui iaaeeaeai? aei aieiaeo
iai?iaeaeoaaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e, a oaeiae aeine?aeaeaii oa?aeoa?
?iciiae?eo ina?oeaiiy ia O?I caeaaeii a?ae oi?ie ? eiino?oeoe?? ai?oo
e?ooa?y.
6. ?ic?iaeaii a?aoiaiae?oe/iee iaoiae i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy
i?ei?uaiue, yeee ii??aiyii c ?nioth/eie, aaeineiiieaaea iiia?aaei?e aoai
oa ciaioea o?oaeii?noe?noue ia?aa??iiai aoaio i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai
ina?oeaiiy.
7. Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ? oai?aoe/iith iniiaith aeey
i?iaeooaaiiy aoaeoeaieo nenoai cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue oa
?ic?iaeaiiy ii?iaoeaieo aeieoiaio?a aeey i?iaeooaaiiy i?e?iaeiiai
ina?oeaiiy aoaeeie?a.
NIENIE IIOAE?EIAAIEO I?AOeUe CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??
1. Neaoue Ae.Ae. I?iaeooaaiiy i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue
cai?oieie e?ooa?yie e?oaei? oi?ie // Eiioiaeueia ainiiaea?noai i?no.
?anioae?eainueeee i?aea?aeii/ee iaoeiai-oaoi?/iee ca??iee, aeione 15. –
E.: Oaoi?ea. - 1998.- N.127-131.
2. Iiaeeao I.I., Neaoue Ae.Ae. Iiaee iaoiae ?ic?aooieo EII a aoaeeieao
?c cai?oieie e?ooa?yie e?oaei? oi?ie // Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue
(aaeocaaa iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy, aoae?aieoeoai) / Iieo. aea?ae. oaoi. oi-o
?i. TH??y Eiiae?aothea, aei. 2.- Iieoaaa: IAeOO ?i. TH??y
Eiiae?aothea.-1998.- N.73-79.
3. Neaoue Ae.Ae., Ian?e I.I., Ian?e I.Ae. Aiae?c iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo EII
a i?ei?uaiiyo ?c cai?oiei ina?oeaiiyi // Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue
(aaeocaaa iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy, aoae?aieoeoai) / Iieo. aea?ae. oaoi. oi-o
?i. TH??y Eiiae?aothea, aei. 3. – Iieoaaa: IAeOO ?i. TH??y
Eiiae?aothea.-1998.- N. 182-187.
4. Neaoue Ae.Ae. Aeei?enoaiiy ?nioth/eo iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo EII i?e
i?iaeooaaii? cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue e?ooa?yie i?yiieooii? oi?ie
ca aeiiiiiaith IAII // ?ano?niaeiiiii? iaoa??aee, eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae?
oa nii?oaee. Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue, aei. 2. - ??aia: ??aiainueeee
aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao. - 1999. - N. 157-162.
5. Neaoue Ae.Ae., Ian?e I.I., Ian?e I.Ae. Aia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea iaea?eueo
aoaeoeaii? eiino?oeoe?? ai?oo cai?oiiai e?ooa?y e?oaei? oi?ie //
Noaeacae?ciaaoiii? eiino?oeoe??: aeine?aeaeaiiy, i?iaeooaaiiy,
aoae?aieoeoai, aenieoaoaoe?y. Ca??iee iaoeiaeo noaoae. - E?eaee ??a:
E?eai??cueeee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao. - 1998. - N. 163-168.
6. Iiaeeao A.I., Neaoue Ae.Ae. E ii?aaeaeaieth eiee/anoaa caieoiuo
oiia?ae e?oaeie oi?iu // Aeaeeia?aoe/aneee oeacaoaeue aeaiiie?iaaiiuo
?oeiienae. - I.,1988. - ?12.- 11n. Aeai ai AIEEEN Ainno?iy NNN?
6.05.1988a., ? 8654.
7. Neaoue Ae.Ae. Aiciiaeiue iaoiae ?an/aoa i?yiioaieueiuo caieoiuo
oiia?ae // Oacenu aeieeaaeia 42-ie iao/iie eiioa?aioeee. – Iieoaaa:
Iieo. ENE. – 1990. – N. 77.
8. Neaoue Ae.Ae. Iaaeinoaoee i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai iaoiaea ?an/aoa
ieiuaaeae naaoiauo i?i?iia // Oacenu aeieeaaeia 45-ie iao/iie
eiioa?aioeee. – Iieoaaa: Iieo. ENE. – 1993. – N. 87.
9. Neaoue Ae.Ae. Iiaeeeaee iaoiae i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy
i?iieneiaeo aoaeeie?a. // Oace aeiiia?aeae 50-i? iaoeiai? eiioa?aioe??.
– Iieoaaa: Iieo. AeOO ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea. – 1998. – N. 34.
AIIOAOe??
Neaoue Ae.Ae. Eiiieaeniee iaoiae ae??oaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy
aoaeeie?a.- ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.23.01 - aoae?aaeuei? eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa
nii?oaee. -Iieoaanueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? TH??y
Eiiae?aothea, Iieoaaa, 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ieoaiith ae??oaiiy i?e?iaeiiai cai?oiiai
ina?oeaiiy ae?iaie/eo ? a?iiaaenueeeo aoaeeie?a c o?aooaaiiyi
ooieoe?iiaeueii-oaoiieia?/ieo oa a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiino?oeoeaieo aeiia.
?ic?iaeaii aiae?oe/iee iaoiae ?ic?aooieo eiao?oe??ioa i?e?iaeiiai
ina?oeaiiy a?ae cai?oiiai e?ooa?y e?oaei? oi?ie. I?iaaaeaii oai?aoe/i? e
aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy ia ianooaaii aeeiiai?e iiaeae? aoaeeieo
c iaoith aeine?aeeoe ?iciiae?e na?oea ia ai?eciioaeuei?e oiiai?e ?iai/?e
iiaa?oi? a?ae nenoaie cai?oieo e?ooa??a. Aenia?eiaioaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeee aecia/eoe eiao?oe??ioe ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
na?aaei?o cia/aiue eiao?oe??ioa i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue ii
oa?aeoa?ieo na?oeioaoi?/ieo ciiao. ?ic?iaeaii aiae?oe/iee ( ca
aeiiiiiaith AII) oa a?aoiaiae?oe/iee iaoiaee i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai
ina?oeaiiy i?ei?uaiue, ui aeathoue ciiao i?iaeooaaoe iioeiaeuei? ca
ieiuath caneeaiiy e i?i?iaeuei? ca aia?aaoe/ieie aeo?aoaie nenoaie
cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ai?iaaaeaeai? a
i?iaeooaaiiy cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy aoaeeie?a o Iieoaanueeiio AeI?
“I?nueeaoaei?iaeo”. Ia iniia? aiae?co noaio cai?oiiai ina?oeaiiy
Iieoaanueeiai caaiaeo ooo/ieo aeiac?a oa aeiaciiai ?ino?oiaioo
?ic?iaeai? ? ai?iaaaeaeai? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii eiai aaeineiiaeaiith.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: cai?oia ina?oeaiiy, eiao?oe??io i?e?iaeiiai ina?oeaiiy,
iaoiae i?iaeooaaiiy, aiae?oe/iee iaoiae, a?ao?/iee iaoiae, iiaeaeue,
cai?oiee e?ooa?, aia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea.
Neaoue Ae.Ae. Eiiieaeniue iaoiae ?aoaiey caieoiiai inaauaiey caeaiee. -
?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.23.01 - no?ieoaeueiua eiino?oeoeee, caeaiey e
nii?oaeaiey.- Iieoaaneee ainoaea?noaaiiue oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie
TH?ey Eiiae?aothea, Iieoaaa, 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia oniaa?oainoaiaaieth iaoiaeeee i?iaeoe?iaaiey
caieoiiai inaauaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo e a?aaeaeaineeo caeaiee n o/aoii
eo ooieoeeiiaeueii-oaoiieiae/aneeo, iauaiii-ieaie?iai/iuo e
eiino?oeoeaiuo ?aoaiee.
A ia?aii ?acaeaea ioia/aia ?ieue caieoiiai anoanoaaiiiai inaauaiey a
iaania/aiee yooaeoeaiiai naaoiaiai iee?ieeeiaoa caeaiee, aeaia e?aoeay
oa?aeoa?enoeea nouanoaothueo nenoai aa?oiaai anoanoaaiiiai inaauaiey
caeaiee e eiino?oeoeaiuo ?aoaiee oiia?ae a caaeneiinoe io eo iacia/aiey
e yooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey, i?iaaaeai aiaeec enneaaeiaaiee ii
aii?inai yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe caeaiee n caieoiui inaauaieai
iiiauaiee, ioia?aaeaii aeeyiea a?oeoaeoo?ii-ieaie?iai/iiai e
eiino?oeoeaiiai ?aoaiey caeaiey e aai nenoaiu inaauaiey ia o?iaaiue
anoanoaaiiiai inaauaiey a iiiauaiee, iainiiaaia oeaeue e noi?ioee?iaaiu
caaea/e enneaaeiaaiey.
Ai aoi?ii ?acaeaea eceiaeaiu iainiiaaiey ninoiyiey e ?acaeoey iaoiaeia
i?iaeoe?iaaiey caieoiiai inaauaiey caeaiee, i?iaaaeai aiaeec e naeaeai
auai? iaeaieaa i?eaieaiiai aeey ?an/aoia ia YAI iaoiaea ?an/aoa
eiyooeoeeaioa anoanoaaiiiai inaauaiey (EAI) : io i?yiioaieueiiai a ieaia
caieoiiai oiia?y - ii iaoiaeeea Ae. Aa?ianeo e A.Yia; io e?oaeiai a
ieaia caieoiiai oiia?y - ii iaoiaeeea aaoi?a aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaiou.
O?aoee ?acaeae iinayuai ?ac?aaioea aiaeeoe/aneiai iaoiaea
i?iaeoe?iaaiey caieoiiai inaauaiey iiiauaiee n iiiiuueth YAI, aiaeeco
?an/aoia iioeiaeueiiai oaaa oa?aeoa?iuo oi?i caieoiuo oiia?ae a ieaia:
e?oaeiai e i?yiioaieueiiai.?an/ao iioeiaeueiiai oaaa oiia?ae n iiiiuueth
YAI aaeny i?yiui iaoiaeii ?an/aoa n niiinoaaeaieai ?an/aoiuo e o?aaoaiuo
cia/aiee EAI e ia?aaiiia?iinoe inaauaiey ii ?an/aoiui eeieyi ia?ana/aiey
oneiaiiai aa?oeeaeueiiai ?ac?aca n ai?eciioaeueiie oneiaiie ?aai/ae
ieineinoueth (O?I).
?an/ao EAI a ?an/aoiuo oi/eao aaeny ii oi?ioeai (1), (2), (3) e (14).
I?iaeoeey aeaeeiiai /a?ac naaoii?iai o/anoea iaainaiaea wmetafile8?
??§???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
????????????&?
?MathType??@?????ey???u@th??????1/4??I??Times New Roman
Cyr??N???-?????!?(?????????1???!?)?????????e????u@th?
?????1/4????Symbol?????-??????????!?s????????u??????1/4
????"System????-????????????yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ii?aaeaeyeanue
ii oi?ioeai Oeaae, eioi?ua auee auaaaeaiu aeey eaaeaeiai neo/ay
?aciauaiey ?an/aoiie oi/ee I ioiineoaeueii i?yiioaieueiiai naaoii?iaia
(ni. ?en. 1 e oi?ioeo (4)). ?an/ao aaiiao?e/aneiai EAI io e?oaeiai a
ieaia oiia?y aaeny ii oi?ioeai (6), (8) - (13), (15). A ?acoeueoaoa
?an/aoia auee iieo/aiu iioeiaeueiua cia/aiey oaaa oiia?ae a caaeneiinoe
io ?acia?ia oiia?y, auniou iiiauaiey e o?aaoaiiai n?aaeiaai cia/aiey
EAI. ?acoeueoaou aiaeeca oai?aoe/aneeo ?an/aoia i?eaaaeaiu a oaae. 2.
A /aoaa?oii ?acaeaea i?eaaaeaiu yenia?eiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey
oa?aeoa?a ?ani?aaeaeaiey anoanoaaiiiai naaoa ia ai?eciioaeueiie O?I,
?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee e eo niiinoaaeaiea n oai?aoe/aneeie ?an/aoaie
ii nouanoaothuei ii?iaoeaiui aeieoiaioai. Yenia?eiaio aue i?iaaaeai ia
ianooaaii ecaioiaeaiiie iiaeaee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai caeaiey.
Yenia?eiaio iicaieee auaeaeeoue oa?aeoa?iua naaoioaoie/aneea ciiu a
caaeneiinoe io eioaineaiinoe inaauaiey eo anoanoaaiiui naaoii.
Ii?aaeaeaiu n?aaeiea cia/aiey EAI ii eaaeaeie naaoioaoie/aneie ciia e
eiyooeoeeaiou niioiioaiey yoeo cia/aiee iaaeaeo aeaaiie naaoioaoie/aneie
ciiie, eioi?oth inaauaao iaeneiaeueiia eiee/anoai oiia?ae, e
naaoioaoie/aneeie ciiaie, eioi?ua a?aie/ao e i?eaeeaeaiu e aieiaui
ia?aaeaeathuei eiino?oeoeeyi. Iieo/aiiua eiyooeoeeaiou niioiioaiee EAI
iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu aeey ii?aaeaeaiey n?aaeieo cia/aiee EAI aeey
ae?oaeo naaoioaoie/aneeo cii i?e oneiaee, /oi ecaanoii aai n?aaeiaa
cia/aiea aeey iniiaiie. Iaeneiaeueiia ?anoiaeaeaiea iaaeaeo
yenia?eiaioaeueiuie e ?an/aoiuie cia/aieyie EAI ia i?aauoaei 15%, /oi
yaeyaony i?eaieaiui aeey eiaeaia?iuo ?an/aoia a iaeanoe no?ieoaeueiie
naaoioaoieee.
A iyoii ?acaeaea ?anniao?eaathony aii?inu eiino?oeoeaiiai ?aoaiey
caieoiiai inaauaiey caeaiey n iiiiuueth a?aoiaiaeeoe/aneiai iaoiaea,
i?eaiaeyony i?eia?u eiino?oeoeaiuo ?an/aoia, aeaiiua yeiiiie/aneie
ioeaiee iaoiaeeee i?iaeoe?iaaiey e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii i?iaeoe?iaaieth
caieoiiai inaauaiey caeaiey.
I?iaeoe?iaaiea caieoiiai inaauaiey caeaiey ii a?aoiaiaeeoe/aneiio
iaoiaeo auiieiyaony n eniieueciaaieai aeaiiuo oaae. 2 ii oi?ioeai (19),
(20), (16) - (18).
?ac?aaioaiiue a?aoiaiaeeoe/aneee iaoiae i?iaeoe?iaaiey caieoiiai
inaauaiey iiiauaiee aea?o aiciiaeiinoue, a n?aaiaiee n nouanoaothueie
iaoiaeaie, oiaiueoeoue ieiuaaeue naaoiauo i?i?iia. I?e an? = 3%
oiaiueoaiea iauae ieiuaaee ninoaaeyao a caaeneiinoe io auniou ai?oa
oiia?y e auniou iiiauaiey 1-3%, i?e an? = 5% -- 2-6%.
Onoaiiaeaiu a?aieoeu iioeiaeueiie ieiuaaee naaoiaiai i?i?ia n aunioie
ai?oa aei 0,7i, eioi?ay iaania/eaaao ieieiaeueiia niioiioaiea noia?iie
ieiuaaee naaoii?iaiia e ieiuaaee iiea a caaeneiinoe io auniou iiiauaiey
i?e o?aaoaiii cia/aiee EAI.
?ac?aaioaiiua aiaeeoe/aneee e a?aoiaiaeeoe/aneee iaoiaeu i?iaeoe?iaaiey
caieoiiai inaauaiey iiiauaiee iicaieytho i?iaeoe?iaaoue iioeiaeueiua ii
ieiuaaee inoaeeaiey e ieieiaeueiua ii yia?aiiioa?yi nenoaiu caieoiiai
inaauaiey caeaiee.
?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee aiaae?aiu a i?iaeoe?iaaiea caieoiiai
inaauaiey caeaiee a Iieoaaneii AIE “Ai?no?iei?iaeo”. Ia iniiaaiee
aiaeeca ninoiyiey caieoiiai inaauaiey Iieoaaneiai caaiaea eneonnoaaiiuo
aeiacia e aeiaciiai eino?oiaioa ?ac?aaioaiu e aiaae?aiu ?aeiiaiaeaoeee
ii aai oniaa?oainoaiaaieth.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: caieoiia inaauaiea, eiyooeoeeaio anoanoaaiiiai
inaauaiey, iaoiae i?iaeoe?iaaiey, aiaeeoe/aneee iaoiae,
a?aoiaiaeeoe/aneee iaoiae, iiaeaeue, caieoiue oiia?ue, yia?aaoe/aneay
ioeaiea.
Scutt D.D. Compllex Method for Solution of Zenithal Lighting in
Buildings. Manuscript.
Dissertation for degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences, speciality
05.23.01 - Building Constructions, Buildings and Struktures. Poltava
Technical Ju. Kondratyuk - State Univesity, Poltava, 1999.
The Dissertation is dedicated to the problem of solution the natural
zenithal lighting in industrial and civil buildings with regard for
functionaly - technological and architectural - constructive demands.
The analytical calculation method of the natural lighting factor for the
zenithal round - form light has been worked out. The theoretical and
experimental research on scale - made building model with aim to
investigate the light distribution characteristics on a horizontal
conditional working surface from the system of zenithal lights has been
carried out. Experimental investigations permitted to determine the
correlation factors of the mean values of the natural lighting factor in
buildings by vertue of typical lighting technology zones. The
analytical, - by means of Computer, - and the grapho - analytical
methods of designing the zenithal lighting of premises have been
elaborated to permit designing of the optimum zenithal lighting systems,
as to glazed space, and the minimum ones, as to energy expenditures.
The results of the investigations are applied for designing the
zenithal lighting of buildings in Poltava’s GPI “Gorstroyproyekt”. From
analysis of condition the zenithal lighting at the plant of artificial
diamands and diamand tools in Poltava the recjmmendations on its
improvement have been elaborated and appilied.
__________________
(I?aeien aaoi?a)
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