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CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?ioean
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? ?aaiethoe?? o ii?aeiaii? c? noaiiaeaiiyi ?eieiai?
aeiiii?ee cia/ii ca?eueoeee cia/aiiy ?acoeueoao?a oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? o
?icaeoeo iaoa??aeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? aeeoo? noni?euenoaa. Iniiaia iana
ciaiue, iaeiie/aieo ethaenoaii, aeinooiia aeey iciaeiieaiiy ?
aeei?enoaiiy aoaeue-yeei eiiiaoaioiei o oe?e aaeoc? iniaai. Iaeiae iaaia
/anoeia oaeeo aeinyaiaiue aeiaaea? c a?eueiiai ia?ao, ine?eueee
aeeeth/i? i?aaa ia ieo iaeaaeaoue eiie?aoiei noa’?eoai. Iiaa eaea i?i
aeiaoiaee, ei?eni? iiaeae? oa i?iieneia? c?acee.

Cae/aeii, iayai?noue ioi?iiieo aeieoiaio?a, c iaei??? noi?iie, noeioeth?
iaoeiai-oaoi?/iee i?ia?an, ine?eueee ? aoaeoeaiei caniaii o eiieo?aioi?e
ai?iouea?, aea c ?ioi? – ooo/ii no?eio? eiai, oae ye aeeeth/a?
aacia?aoeiaeia canoinoaaiiy oai?/eo aeinyaiaiue. I?i cia/aiiy
th?eaee/ii? ioi?iie oai?/eo aeinyaiaiue o no/aniiio ae?iaieoeoa? ?
oi?a?ae? ye oaeoi?? eiieo?aioe?? na?ae/eoue /eii?noue a?eueoa 3.5 iei.
iaoaio?a eeoa a 14 i?iieneiai ?icaeiaieo e?a?iao.

Ca?aeii c? no. 27 Caaaeueii? aeaeea?aoe?? i?aa ethaeeie oa no. 41
Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie eiaeia ethaeeia ia? i?aai aieiae?oe, ei?enooaaoeny
? ?icii?yaeaeaoeny ?acoeueoaoaie nai?? ?ioaeaeooaeueii?, oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino?, i?eeiaoe o/anoue o iaoeiaiio i?ia?an? ? ei?enooaaoeny eiai
aeaaaie.

Ioi?iiiee aeieoiaio caaacia/o? eiai aeanieeo iiaeeea?noue ye naiino?eii
aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?acoeueoao oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?, oae ? iaaeaaaoe oaea
i?aai ?ioei iniaai. I?aaiaith oi?iith canoinoaaiiy ia’?eo?a i?iieneiai?
aeaniino? caoe?eaaeaieie iniaaie ? aeaea/a ?i e?oeaic?? ia i?aenoaa?
aeiaiai?o. Ioaea, e?oeaic?y aenooia? iaeiei ?c cania?a ?aae?caoe??
iaoaioieo i?aa.

Iaiao?aei?noue oeeaaeaiiy e?oeaic?eieo aeiaiai??a aeeeeeaia i?aeoe/iith
iio?aaith, ine?eueee iaiiaeeeai iaeii/anii i?iaiaeeoe iaoeia?
aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ?ic?iaee a on?o iaeanoyo oaoi?ee ? oaoiieia??
ae?iaieoeoaa, caa??aath/e i?e oeueiio ia?aaeia? iiceoe??. Ca?oa?aeiee
aeina?ae iieaco?, ui iaea?eueo oaeaeeei ? aoaeoeaiei niiniaii
aeinyaiaiiy no/aniiai ??aiy ?icaeoeo oaoi?ee ? i?eaeaaiiy e?oeaic?? ia
aeei?enoaiiy iiaeo oai?/eo aeinyaiaiue. sseui a?ey aeaio noie?oue iacaae
aaaaeaeiny, ui aeaaiiieo//y iaoe?? caeaaeeoue a?ae aoaeoeaii? aca?iiae??
o?ueio neeaaeiaeo: ?iaioe, eai?oaeo ? i?e?iaeieo ?ano?n?a, oi iaoa
noi??//y aeiaaaeei ua iaeei aeaiaio – ?ioaeaeooaeueio aeani?noue.

Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy coiiaeaia caeiiiaeaa/ei cae??ieaiiyi
iaoaioo ye ?aeeii? oi?ie ioi?iie ?acoeueoao?a oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?,
ia?aoiaeii nenoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy a?ae oioaeueiiai aea?aeaaiiai
?aaoethaaiiy aei ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei, ui i?ecaaei aei ca?eueoaiiy
noa’?eo?a aeei?enoaiiy aeiaoiae?a, ei?enieo iiaeaeae ? i?iieneiaeo
c?ace?a, aeieeiaiiy oeea?eueii-i?aaiaeo a?aeiinei i?ae caoe?eaaeaieie
iniaaie c oeueiai i?eaiaeo.

Cae/aeii, a N?N? ii?yae c aaoi?nueeeie na?aeioeoaaie ae?yee ? iaoaioe.
Aea o ca’yceo c oeaio?ae?ciaaiith aeiiii?eith ? a?aenooi?noth i?aaa
i?eaaoii? aeaniino? ia caniae ae?iaieoeoaa iaoaioiaeanieee aoee
iicaaaeai? iiaeeeaino? ?aae?caoe?? nai?o i?aa. Oiio ia i?aeoeoe?
iaeanoue canoinoaaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o iaeaea caiaeeeany
iai?aaoeue, a ii?ia caeiiiaeaanoaa i?i iiaeeea?noue aeaea/? e?oeaic?e
aoea a a?eueo?e i??? aeaeea?aoeaiith.

I?ney ?icaaeo aaei?i?no?aoeaii-eiiaiaeii? nenoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy ?ieue
aeiaia??ieo a?aeiinei o noa?? oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? cia/ii c?inea. Oae?
ci?ie a aeeoo? ? caeiiiaeaanoa? iaoi? e?a?ie aeiaaathoue iiaiai
inieneaiiy aaaaoueio oeea?eueii-i?aaiaeo i?iaeai, eiiieaeniiai i?aeoiaeo
aei ?o aea/aiiy ? ae??oaiiy. Ia?aaeon?i aeooaeueii aeine?aeeoe
niaoeeo?eo oai?/eo aeinyaiaiue a iaoaioiiio i?aa? ? iiaeeea?noue
iaaeaiiy ia aeiaia??ieo canaaeao i?aa ia ?o canoinoaaiiy.

Aacoiiaii, /eii? ii?iaoeai? aeoe Oe?a?ie o noa?? i?iieneiai? aeaniino?
(Caeii Oe?a?ie «I?i ioi?iio i?aa ia aeiaoiaee ? ei?eni? iiaeae?», Caeii
Oe?a?ie «I?i ioi?iio i?aa ia i?iieneia? c?acee») noaee iiaith a?oith ia
oeyoo noaiiaeaiiy i?aeoeee canoinoaaiiy e?oeaic?eieo aeiaiai??a a
Oe?a?i?, iaeiae ? aiie ia ? aeineiiaeeie. Ia nueiaiaei?oi?e aeaiue
i?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy aeei?enoaiiy ?acoeueoao?a oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?
ae/a?io?oueny ii?iith caeiiiaeaanoaa, yea iaae?ey? iaoaioiaeanieea
i?aaii aeaeaaaoe caoe?eaaeaiei iniaai e?oeaic??. Oea, i?e?iaeii,
coiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue o noa?? oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino?. Aei aaaeeeaeo iaoeiaeo ieoaiue, ye? iio??aii c’ynoaaoe,
a?aeiinyoueny: aiae?c i?aa iaoaioiaeanieea, ?ecee?a, oa?aeoa?ieo aeey
ia’?eo?a i?iieneiai? aeaniino?, aecia/aiiy th?eaee/ii? i?e?iaee ? i?noey
e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o a nenoai? oeea?eueii-i?aaiaeo aeiaiai??a, eiai
ci?noo, iane?aee?a i?eieiaiiy ae?? iaoaioo ia ia’?eo oiui. O ca’yceo c
eiaeeo?eaoe??th oeea?eueiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa Oe?a?ie oe? i?iaeaie
aeoiaeyoue c ?oneo caaaeueiioai?aoe/iiai nii?o ? iaaoaathoue aaaeeeaiai
i?aeoe/iiai cia/aiiy.

Aea?? oaie aeena?oaoe?? aoa coiiaeaiee ia eeoa aaaeeea?noth o no/anieo
oiiaao, aea ? noaiii ?? ?ic?iaeaiino?: a?aenooi?noth aeinoaoiueiai
aena?oeaiiy o a?o/eciyi?e th?eaee/i?e e?oa?aoo?? oaei? i?aaiai? oi?ie
?aae?caoe?? iaoaioieo i?aa ye e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia??. Ia Oe?a?i? aei
oeueiai /ano iaia? iiiia?ao?/ii? ?iaioe, i?enay/aii? anaa?/iiio
aeine?aeaeaiith i?aaia?aeiinei, ye? aeieeathoue i?e aeei?enoaii?
aeiaoiae?a, ei?enieo iiaeaeae ? i?iieneiaeo c?ace?a caoe?eaaeaieie
iniaaie. O iaoeiaeo noaooyo oeueiio ieoaiith oaeiae i?eae?ey?oueny
iaaeinoaoiuei oaaae. Ona aeeeaaeaia aeua na?ae/eoue i?i aacoiiaio
aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiue o noa?? oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? oa i?i
iaiao?aei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy eiiieaeniiai aiae?co e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. ?iaioa aeeiiaia
ca?aeii eiiieaenii? oe?eueiai? i?ia?aie «I?aaia? i?iaeaie cae?eniaiiy
iaeiiaeo oa iniaenoeo iaiaeiiaeo i?aa a oiiaao ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee»
(iiia? aea?aeaaii? ?a?no?aoe?? 0186.0.070867).

I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeathoue noni?euei? a?aeiineie, ye?
aeieeathoue i?e ?aae?caoe?? iaoaioiaeanieeii nai?o i?aa ? aeei?enoaii?
?acoeueoao?a oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? ?ioeie iniaaie.

Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? ia aeiaoiaee, ei?eni?
iiaeae? ? i?iieneia? c?acee ye naiino?eiee oeea?eueii-i?aaiaee aeiaia??,
eiai th?eaee/ia i?e?iaea, ci?no oiui.

Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith iaoeiaiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
eiiieaeniee ? anaa?/iee oai?aoe/iee aiae?c e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o ye
i?aaiai? oi?ie ?aae?caoe?? iaoaioieo i?aa oeyoii aeei?enoaiiy
?acoeueoao?a oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? caoe?eaaeaieie iniaaie ? aianaiiy
eiie?aoieo i?iiiceoe?e ii aaeineiiaeaiith eiai i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy.

Aeey aeinyaiaiiy icia/aii? iaoe aoee iinoaaeai? oae? iniiai? caaaeaiiy:

i?iaiae?coaaoe i?ioean aeieeiaiiy ? ?iciianthaeaeaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai
aeiaiai?o a noa?? i?iieneiai? aeaniino? ? noaiiaeaiiy eiai
caeiiiaeaa/iai ?aaoethaaiiy;

aeaoe i?aaiao oa?aeoa?enoeeo cacia/aiiai aeiaiai?o, aecia/eoe eiai
th?eaee/io i?e?iaeo ? i?noea a nenoai? oeea?eueii-i?aaiaeo aeiaiai??a;

iieacaoe ni?aa?aeiioaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o a iaoaioiiio i?aa? c
aiaeia?/iei aeiaiai?ii a aaoi?nueeiio i?aa? oa aeiaiai?ii i?i ia?aaea/o
iio-oao;

eeaneo?eoaaoe e?oeaic?? ? ?icaeyiooe niaoeeo?eo ie?aieo aeae?a;

aecia/eoe i?aaeiao ? ia’?eo e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o;

anoaiiaeoe eiiieaen i?aa ? iaia’yce?a e?oeaic?a?a ? e?oeaic?aoa;

?icaeyiooe ?eceee ? a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue eiio?aaaio?a ca aeiaiai?ii;

c’ynoaaoe i?aaia? iane?aeee i?eieiaiiy ae?? iaoaioo ia ia’?eo
e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o /e aeciaiiy eiai iaae?eniei;

i?iaiae?coaaoe iiaeeea? aeiaaeee aeino?ieiaiai ?ic??aaiiy aeiaiai?o;

iieacaoe iniaeeaino? e?oeaic?eii? aeiaai?iaee;

aea/eoe ca?oa?aeiee aeina?ae i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai
aeiaiai?o ? iaa?oiooaaoe iiaeeea?noue eiai aeei?enoaiiy.

Iaoiaeieia?/ia ? oai?aoe/ia iniiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao
aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaea? noeoii?noue iaoiae?a iaoeiaiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
E?oeaic?ei? i?aaia?aeiineie ?icaeyioo? o ?iaio? c o?aooaaiiyi i?ioeano
?o aeieeiaiiy, ?icaeoeo ? ?iciianthaeaeaiiy, ui na?ae/eoue i?i
canoinoaaiiy ?noi?e/iiai iaoiaeo. Aiae?c /eiiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa Oe?a?ie
? ?yaeo ca?oa?aeieo e?a?i ? i?aeoeee canoinoaaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai
aeiaiai?o aoa i?iaaaeaiee caaeiiiiiaith nenoaiii-no?oeoo?iiai,
ii??aiyeueiiai, nioe?ieia?/iiai ? noaoenoe/iiai iaoiae?a. Aeei?enoaiiy
eia?ei-th?eaee/iiai iaoiaeo aeicaieeei aeena?oaioo c?iaeoe iaai?
aeniiaee a?aeiia?aeii aei iaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.

Oai?aoe/iith aacith aeey aeniiae?a, c?iaeaieo o aeena?oaoe??, noaee
i?aoe? a?aeiieo o/aieo: c caaaeueieo ieoaiue oai??? oeea?eueiiai i?aaa –
I.?. A?aaeinueeiai, A.A. Aa?aei?eiaa, I.A. Ai?aeiia, I.TH. Eaaaee?ia,
I.I. E?anaa/eeiaa oa ?i.; c i?iaeai o noa?? ?ioaeaeooaeueii? aeaniino?:
*.I. Ac?iiaa, A. Aiae?iuoea, ?.A. Aaceeoaiai, I.I. Aiaoneaanueeiai,
A.I. A?eaeei, A.ss. Aieeiaoeue-?onnao, A.I. Aaa?eeiaa, ?.I.
Aa?/eeiai?, I.E. Ai?iaeenueeiai, ?.?. Aeaoii, A.A. Aeici?oeaaa, A.I.
?aaeieeiiai?, A.?. AEoeiaa, ?.I. Cai?ia, ?.Ae. ?aaiiaa, I.N.
?iooa, I.A. Eeii?ea, A.?. Ia?eooeii?, ?.N. Iooaiaaeoeia, A.?. Iooiiaaea,
A.A. I?aoiaa, I.A. I?aeii?eai?e, I.I. I?aeii?eai?e,
I?eaiei, I.A. ?aeai?iaenueeiai, N.?. ?a?ae/a, A.I. ?ynaioeaaa,
I.I. Na?a??aa, TH.A. Na?a??aa, TH.?. Nayaeinoe, A.I.
*aiaeaaaoeueeiai, I.A. *iaioa, ?.ss. Oaeoaoea, A.O. Oa?oaiaae/a, ?.A.
Oeoee oa ?i. O ?iaio? aeei?enoiaoaaeenue oaeiae i?aoe? o/aieo
?ioeoe?a?i – A. Oooiioa, O?iiooa Aueieueia, I. ?icaiaa?aa, ?. Aiaeaia oa
?i.

Aii??e/iith aacith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iioae?eiaaia ? iaiioae?eiaaia
i?aeoeea oeeaaeaiiy ? aeeiiaiiy e?oeaic?eieo aeiaiai??a o iaoaioiiio
i?aa?.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o oiio, ui o iueiio ia i?aenoaa?
iiaiai i?aeoiaeo aei e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o a iaoaioiiio i?aa?
aea?oueny eiai i?aaiaa oa?aeoa?enoeea ? iaa?oioiao?oueny naiino?ei?noue
o nenoai? aeiaiai??a oeea?eueiiai i?aaa. O ?iaio? iaaoea iiaeaeueoiai
?icaeoeo i?iaeaia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o ? aeiaiai?o
i?i ia?aaea/o iio-oao. Aia?oa eiiieaenii i?iaiae?ciaai? ?eceee, yeeo
iiaeooue caciaoe noi?iie o i?ioean? aeeiiaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o,
oa iane?aeee aeciaiiy iaoaioo iaae?eniei.

I?iaaaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeei aaoi?o noi?ioethaaoe ? iaa?oiooaaoe
ianooii? iieiaeaiiy, ye? aeiinyoueny ia caoeno:

aeiaiai?e a noa?? ?ioaeaeooaeueii? aeaniino? iiae?eythoueny ia aea?
a?oie: aeiaiai?e ia noai?aiiy oa aeiaiai?e ia aeei?enoaiiy ?acoeueoao?a
oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?;

aei a?oie aeiaiai??a ia aeei?enoaiiy oai?/eo aeinyaiaiue a?aeiinyoueny
e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? oa aeiaia?? i?i ia?aaea/o iio-oao;

e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? o oeea?eueiiio i?aa? – oea naiino?eiee aeiaia??iee
oei, ??ciiaeaeaie yeiai ? e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? o iaoaioiiio i?aa? oa
e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? a aaoi?nueeiio i?aa?;

i?aaeiaoii e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o ? e?oeaic?y (aeica?e) ia i?aai
aeei?enoaiiy ?acoeueoaoo oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?. Aeiao?ae, i?iieneiaee
c?acie /e ei?enia iiaeaeue – oea ia’?eo aeiaiai?o;

oa?aeoa?ia iciaea ia’?eoa e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o a iaoaioiiio i?aa? –
iayai?noue ioi?iiiiai aeieoiaioa;

aaoi?nueea oa?aeoa?enoeea aeae?a e?oeaic?e, oiia oa ii?yaeeo ?o
iaaeaiiy;

iiaeaeue oeeaaeaiiy aeiaiai?o i?e iayaiino? cayae iaoaioiaeanieea i?i
iaaeaiiy aoaeue-ye?e inia? aeicaieo ia aeei?enoaiiy aeiaoiaeo, ei?enii?
iiaeae? /e i?iieneiaiai c?acea;

eiino?oeoe?y iaia’yce?a e?oeaic?a?a ii i?aeo?eiaiith iaoaioo a nee?;

aeciaiiy iaoaioo ia ia’?eo e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o iaae?eniei oyaia
iaae?eni?noue aeiaiai?o;

«?ecee aeciaiiy iaoaioo iaae?eniei» iana e?oeaic?ao, yeui ?ioa ia
ia?aaeaa/aii aeiaeaoeiaith oaiaeith;

aeioe?eueii iaaeaoe eiio?aaaioai iiaeeea?noue iaeiinoi?iiiueiai
aeino?ieiaiai i?eieiaiiy e?oeaic?eieo a?aeiinei o aeiaaeeao,
ia?aaeaa/aieo o aeiaiai??;

i?iiiceoe?? noiniaii ii?iaoeaiiai o?aaoethaaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o
oa aaeineiiaeaiiy /eiiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa a noa?? ?ioaeaeooaeueii?
aeaniino?.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aeena?oaoe?y ? naiino?eiith caaa?oaiith
iaoeiaith ?iaioith ii aeine?aeaeaiith ieoaiue e?oeaic?eieo a?aeiinei,
ye? neeaaeathoueny i?e ?aae?caoe?? iaoaioieo i?aa aeanieeii ioi?iiiiai
aeieoiaioa. Noi?ioeueiaai? o i?e iieiaeaiiy ? iaoeia? ?acoeueoaoe
iathoue oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy. Aeniiaee c?iaeai? ia aac?
iniaenoeo aeine?aeaeaiue ? e?eoe/iiai inieneaiiy a?eueoa /ioe?ueionio
iaoeiaeo ? ii?iaoeaieo aeaea?ae, ocaaaeueiaiiy i?aeoeee aeei?enoaiiy
aeiaoiae?a, ei?enieo iiaeaeae oa i?iieneiaeo c?ace?a caoe?eaaeaieie
iniaaie. Aeena?oaio iaaiaeeoue oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy, a oaeiae aea?
i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei iiaeaeueoiai aaeineiiaeaiiy /eiiiai
caeiiiaeaanoaa. Ie?ai? ieoaiiy ii?ooothoueny aia?oa (?ecee aeciaiiy
iaoaioo iaae?eniei), aeaye? ?icaeyaeathoueny ii-iiaiio, aeiaeaoeiai
iaa?oioiaothoueny (i?aaeiao oa ia’?eo e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o, eiai
i?noea a nenoai? aeiaiai??a oeea?eueiiai i?aaa oiui).

Oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui ?? ?acoeueoaoe
aeicaieythoue aecia/eoe i?aeoiaee aei ae??oaiiy iecee i?iaeai i?aaiaiai
?aaoethaaiiy o noa?? oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?. Aeine?aeaeaiiy iai?aaeaia ia
aiae?c oaei? i?aaiai? oi?ie ?aae?caoe?? iaoaioieo i?aa ye e?oeaic?eiee
aeiaia??, iaa?oiooaaiiy eiai naiino?eiino? o nenoai? oeea?eueii-i?aaiaeo
aeiaiai??a ? ia caiiaiaiiy i?ia?e?a a oe?a?inuee?e i?aaia?e iaooe? c
oeueiai ieoaiiy. Aeaye? noi?ioeueiaai? a aeena?oaoe?? iieiaeaiiy iathoue
aeeneon?eiee oa?aeoa? ? iiaeooue noaoe i?aea?oioyi aeey ianooiieo
iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue o oe?e aaeoc?.

I?aeoe/ia aaaeeea?noue aeena?oaoe?? iieyaa? o oiio, ui ?? oai?aoe/i?
aeniiaee ? eiie?aoi? i?iiiceoe?? iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? ye i?e
i?aeaioiaoe? iiaiai Oeea?eueiiai eiaeaeno Oe?a?ie, oae ? i?e
iiaeaeueoiio aeiii?aoethaaii? /eiiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa Oe?a?ie.Iniiai?
iieiaeaiiy ?iaioe iiaeooue ciaeoe canoiniaoaaiiy i?e i?aeaioiaoe?
i?ae?o/iee?a, iaa/aeueieo iin?aiee?a oa iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e aeey
nooaeaio?a th?eaee/ieo, aeiiii?/ieo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a oa iaa/aeueieo
caeeaae?a o noa?? ?ioaeaeooaeueii? aeaniino?, aeey th?eno?a oa iaoaioieo
iia??aieo, a oaeiae i?e aeeeaaeaii? eo?no «Oeea?eueia i?aai Oe?a?ie».

Ai?iaaoe?y oa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iieiaeaiiy
aeena?oaoe?? iaaiai?thaaeeny ia can?aeaiiyo eaoaae?e oeea?eueiiai i?aaa
Iaoe?iiaeueii? th?eaee/ii? aeaaeai?? Oe?a?ie ?iai? ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai.
Nai? iiaeyaee c aeayeeo i?iaeai, ii?ooaieo o aeena?oaoe?eiiio
aeine?aeaeaii?, aaoi? iioae?eoaaa o noaooyo oa aeeeaa ia oaeeo
eiioa?aioe?yo: i?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? «I?aaiaee
caoeno i?iieneiai? aeaniino?» (i. Ee?a, 1998); iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe??
iieiaeeo o/aieo oa ani??aio?a «Noaiiaeaiiy i?aaiai? nenoaie
aeaiie?aoe/ii? Oe?a?ie ? th?eaee/ia iaoea» (i. Oa?e?a, 1998); iaoeia?e
eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo o/aieo oa ani??aio?a, i?enay/ai?e 50-e ??/ieoe?
Caaaeueii? aeaeea?aoe?? i?aa ethaeeie (i. Oa?e?a, 1998); nueiieo
oa?e?anueeeo iie?oieia?/ieo /eoaiiyo «Ethaeeia – iie?oeea – i?aai» (aei
50-??//y i?eeiyooy Caaaeueii? aeaeea?aoe?? i?aa ethaeeie) (i. Oa?e?a,
1998), a oaeiae ia can?aeaii? e?oaeiai noieo ia oaio «Aea?aeaaia
oi?aae?iiy ? i?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy a ?iiiaaoe?ei?e noa??» (i. Oa?e?a,
1998).

?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee aeei?enoai? o iaa/aeueiiio
i?ioean? i?ae /an i?iaaaeaiiy i?aeoe/ieo caiyoue c eo?no oeea?eueiiai
i?aaa.

?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii aaeineiiaeaiith /eiiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa o noa??
i?iieneiai? aeaniino? iai?aaeai? aeey ?icaeyaeo aei Aa?oiaii? ?aaee
Oe?a?ie.

Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy ? aeniiaee aeena?oaoe??
ciaeoee a?aeaeooy o aeaa’yoe iaoeiaeo noaooyo ? o?ueio oacao iaoeiaiai
iia?aeiieaiiy.

No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe?? aecia/aia iaoith oa caaaeaiiyie aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 178 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo. ?iaioa
neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, aeaio ?icae?e?a, ui ii?aeiothoue aeaa’youe
i?ae?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e (452
iaeiaioaaiue) oa aeaio aeiaeaoe?a.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O Anooi? iaa?oioiaothoueny aeooaeuei?noue oa iiaecia ia?aii? oaie,
aecia/athoueny nooi?iue iaoeiai? ?ic?iaeaiino? i?iaeaie, ?? aaaeeea?noue
ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo oeea?eueiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa, aieiai? oe?e?
oa caaaeaiiy ?iaioe, iaaiaeyoueny o caaaeueiiio aeaeyae? iniiai?
?acoeueoaoe, iaea?aeai? o i?ioean? i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui
aeiinyoueny ia caoeno, aena?oeth?oueny oai?aoe/ia oa i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy
aeena?oaoe??.

?icae?e ia?oee «Iiiyooy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o oa eiai aeaee», yeee
neeaaea?oueny c /ioe?ueio i?ae?icae?e?a, i?enay/aii c’ynoaaiith
ia?aaeoiia aeieeiaiiy oa iioe?aiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o, eiai
i?aaia?e oa?aeoa?enoeoe?, aiae?co th?eaee/ii? i?e?iaee, aeae?a oa
aecia/aiith i?noey o nenoai? oeea?eueii-i?aaiaeo aeiaiai??a.

I?ae?icae?e ia?oee «Noaiiaeaiiy i?aeoeee canoinoaaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai
aeiaiai?o» i?enay/aiee aiae?co i?ioeano aeieeiaiiy oa iioe?aiiy
e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o.

I?aee?aneth?oueny, ui i?aaiaa ii?ia i?i iaaeaiiy e?oeaic?e o iaoaioiiio
i?aa? c’yaeeany i?ci?oa iiaeeeaino? io?eiaiiy ioi?iiieo aeieoiaio?a ia
?acoeueoaoe oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?. Iaoiiaeaii oea oei, ui aeiaoiaee,
ei?eni? iiaeae? oa i?iieneia? c?acee iiaeooue i?eiineoe aeiaeaoeiaee
i?eaooie eeoa i?e caa?aaeaii? iiiiiieueiiai i?aaa ia ieo. Oiio aeanieee
oai?/eo aeinyaiaiue caoe?eaaeai? nii/aoeo io?eiaoe aeinoaoi? aa?aio??
?nioaaiiy nai?o aeeeth/ieo i?aa ? eeoa iio?i aeiionoeoe ?o aeo?ae ia
?eiie.

Caa?oa?oueny oaaaa, ui ianiaiio aeei?enoaiith e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o
ia?aaeoaaa aeineoue o?eaaeee aoai nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo ia?aoai?aiue.
Aei i?iieneiaiai ia?aai?ioo iaoaioiaeanieeo c i?aeoe/ii? oi/ee ci?o
?aoe?iiaeuei?oa aoei canoiniaoaaoe iaoeiai-oaoi?/ia aeinyaiaiiy o
aeaniiio ainiiaea?noa? ? ?aae?coaaoe io?eiaio i?iaeoeoe?th ia ?eieo. Ii
i??? noaiiaeaiiy eai?oae?cio, ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o ae?iaieoeoai aeinyaiaiue
iaoee ? ?icaeoeo oaoi?ee noaei aeioe?eueiei aeei?enoiaoaaoe ia?aaaae,
ye? iaaea? ioi?iiiee aeieoiaio, oaeiae o oi?i? aeaea/? ia i?aenoaa?
aeiaiai?o caoe?eaaeaiei iniaai aeicaieo ia canoinoaaiiy ia’?eoo.
Cacia/a?oueny, ui eeoa i?ney ae?oai? na?oiai? a?eie o ca’yceo c
iaoeiai-oaoi?/iith ?aaiethoe??th, c?inoaiiyi ae?iaieoeoaa, ?iciiae?eii
i?aoe? o noa?? iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ? eiino?oeoi?nueeeo ?ia?o cia/ii
aeoea?coaaeany i?aeoeea oeeaaeaiiy i?aeia?iaeieo e?oeaic?eieo
aeiaiai??a. Aiie noaee aeei?enoiaoaaoeny ye iaeei c aoaeoeaieo niinia?a
aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo. O 1965 ?. a NOA aoei noai?aii I?aeia?iaeia
e?oeaic?eia oiaa?enoai, yea ia nueiaiaei?oi?e aeaiue ia’?aeio? 25
iaoe?iiaeueieo oa ?aa?iiaeueieo oiaa?enoa. Oiio a e?oa?aoo?? ia??iae c
na?aaeeie 60-o ?ie?a OO noi??//y i?iiiio?oueny iaceaaoe «cieioei a?eii»
a ?noi??? cacia/aii? oaiaee.

Aeena?oaio i?iaiaeeoue aiae?c ia?aaeoiia aeieeiaiiy oa caeiiiaeaa/iai
?aaoethaaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o a ?in?enuee?e ?iia???.
A?aecia/a?oueny, ui iiaeeea?noue aeanieea i?ea?ea? iaaeaaaoe aeica?e
?ioei iniaai ia canoinoaaiiy ia’?eoo aia?oa aoea ia?aaeaa/aia
Iieiaeaiiyi i?i i?ea?ea? a?ae 20.11.1833 ?.

?iaeoueny aeniiaie, ui c aaaaeaiiyi aaoi?nueeiai na?aeioeoaa, yea eeoa
cana?ae/oaaei i?aai aaoi?noaa ? aa?aiooaaei io?eiaiiy aeiaai?iaee o
aeiaaeeo canoinoaaiiy ia’?eoo i?iieneiai? aeaniino?, iaiao?aei?noue
aeaea/? e?oeaic?? ia aeieeaea. Caaaeyee aea?aeaai?e iie?oeoe? ?
aeiiii?/iiio iieiaeaiith a e?a?i? c 1931 ?. aiii noaei oaeoe/ii ?aeeiei
ioi?iiieiaeieoiaioii (oi/a oi?iaeueii ?nioaaea ? iiaeeea?noue io?eiaiiy
iaoaioo).

Aeena?oaio aeoeaioo? oaaao, ui eeoa c aeaoeaio?ae?caoe??th aeiiii?ee,
cae??ieaiiyi ??aiii?aaiino? on?o oi?i aeaniino?, iaaeaiiyi aeiao?aeieeai
aeeeth/ieo i?aa c’yaeeeny iaiao?aei? ia?aaeoiiae aeey oeeaaeaiiy
e?oeaic?eieo aeiaiai??a.

O ae?oaiio i?ae?icae?e? «Iiiyooy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o» nii/aoeo
?icaeyaea?oueny niaoeeo?ea ?acoeueoao?a oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?.
Aeoeaioo?oueny oaaaa, ui ine?eueee ?aea? ? ciaiiy iaiaoa??aeuei?, oi
eeoa i?e ao?eaii? a ia’?eoeaio oi?io (iai?eeeaae, a oaoi?/io
aeieoiaioaoe?th, e?aneaiiy, neiaa?iee iien) aiie iiaeooue aooe aaaaeai?
a ia?a ye oiaa?. Ia a?aei?io a?ae iaeia, yea i?e aeei?enoaii? iiai?noth
niiaeeaa?oueny, aeiaoiaee, ei?eni? iiaeae? oa i?iieneia? c?acee ia eeoa
ia i?aeeyaathoue aii?oecaoe?? oa cieuaiith, a iaa?oue iiaeooue aooe
aaeineiiaeai?. Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, ine?eueee ?acoeueoaoe oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino? iaaoee oiaa?iiai oa?aeoa?o ca aeiiiiiaith i?aaa, oi on? o?e
i?aaiii/iino? aeanieea iaiiaiththoueny ?ioei ci?noii. Ia’?eoe
i?iieneiai? aeaniino? a neeo i?eoaiaiieo ?i iniaeeainoae iiaeooue
iaeii/anii aeei?enoiaoaaoeny iaiaiaaeaiei eieii in?a aac aeieeiaiiy i?ae
ieie a?aeiinei ni?aaeaniino?.

?iaeoueny aeniiaie, ui iniaeeaino? i?aa ia ?acoeueoaoe oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino? ? iaiaoa??aeueiee oa?aeoa? inoaii?o coiiaeee aeieeiaiiy
iiaiai aeaeo aeiaiai?o – e?oeaic?eiiai, ca aeiiiiiaith yeiai aiie
aoyaothoueny a oiaa?iee ia?a.

I?iiiio?oueny oaea aecia/aiiy aeiaiai?o (iaaiaeeoueny eiino?oeoe?y
iieaoiiai aeiaiai?o): «Ca e?oeaic?eiei aeiaiai?ii iaoaioiaeaniee
(e?oeaic?a?) ciaia’yco?oueny iaaeaoe ?io?e inia? (e?oeaic?aoo) i?aai ia
aeei?enoaiiy ia’?eoo i?iieneiai? aeaniino?, a e?oeaic?ao ciaia’yco?oueny
aeiea/oaaoe aeiaai?iaeo ? aeeiioaaoe ?io? ae??, ia?aaeaa/ai?
aeiaiai?ii».

O o?aoueiio i?ae?icae?e? «TH?eaee/ia i?e?iaea e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o»
aea?oueny eiai i?aaiaa oa?aeoa?enoeea, i?iaiaeeoueny ii??aiyeueiee
aiae?c c a?aeiieie oaiaeaie ? aecia/a?oueny i?noea a nenoai?
oeea?eueii-i?aaiaeo aeiaiai??a.

Aeena?oaio i?eoiaeeoue aei aeniiaeo, ui oi/a e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? ?
?aeeiith i?aaiaith oi?iith canoinoaaiiy ia’?eo?a i?iieneiai? aeaniino?
caoe?eaaeaieie iniaaie c aeicaieo iaoaioiaeanieea, eiio ia aoei
ciaeaeaii i?noey ia eeoa a nenoai? aeiaiai??a /eiiiai OeE Oe?a?ie, aea ?
a iaooe? oeea?eueiiai i?aaa.

Aiae?cothoueny ?nioth/? o e?oa?aoo?? oi/ee ci?o a?aeiinii th?eaee/ii?
i?e?iaee e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o. Aaoi? ia iiaiaeaeo?oueny c ?icaeyaeii
cacia/aii? oaiaee i? ye aeiaiai?o iaeiiaiai iaeio (i?aiaee), i? ye
eoi?ae?-i?iaeaaeo. Cacia/a?oueny, ui noiniaii e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o
iiaeia aoei a aiai?eoe o?aa ui i?i eoi?aeth-i?iaeaaeo e?oeaic??, ia
aaeath/enue aei noo? inoaiiueiai iiiyooy.

I?iaiaeeoueny oaeiae ii??aiyiiy c aeiaiai?ii aei?o/aiiy, eii?n??, i?i
noi?nio ae?yeuei?noue,i?ae?yaeo oa ?i. ?iaeoueny aeniiaie, ui
e?oeaic?eia oaiaea ia? aeaye? noiae? ?ene c a?aeiieie
oeea?eueii-i?aaiaeie aeiaiai?aie. Iaeiae ?o iaaeinoaoiuei aeey
eaae?o?eaoe?? ai? a yeino? iaeiiai c ieo, ai? ye ?o ??ciiaeae.

Aiae?cothoueny ni?iae eiii?ii?niiai ae??oaiiy ieoaiiy i?aaiai? i?e?iaee
e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o. Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, o aeiaaeeo a?aeianaiiy
aeayeeie aeine?aeieeaie (?.A. Aaceeoaei, I.I. Aiaoneaanueeei, I.A.
?aeai?iaenueeei oa ?i.) cacia/aii? oaiaee aei aeiaiai?o iniaeeaiai ?iaeo
(sui generis), ui ao?eth? a nia? oiiae ??ciiiai?oieo aeae?a aeiaiai??a,
iiaa eaea i?i ci?oaio oaiaeo, oiaoi eeoa i?ii?aeio noaae?th, yea
iaiao?aeia, aeiee iiaee aeiaia?? ia aoaea caeiiiaeaa/i a?aaoeueiaaiee ye
naiino?eiee.

?iaeoueny aeniiaie, ui ine?eueee aeine?aeaeoaaia oaiaea ia? aaaaoi
iciae, oa?aeoa?ieo eeoa aeey ia?, oi oea coiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue ??
naiino?eiiai i?aaiaiai ?aaoethaaiiy. Aeeth/aiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o
a nenoaio oaiae oeea?eueiiai i?aaa iiynith?oueny eiai
oeea?eueii-i?aaiaei oa?aeoa?ii (?aaeaiaiooaaiiy iaeiiaeo a?aeiineie i?ae
th?eaee/ii ??aieie noa’?eoaie, aeio?eiaiiy i?eioeeio naiaiaee aeiaiai?o
oiui).

Aeena?oaio i?iaiaeeoue ?iciaaeoaaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o a
iaoaioiiio i?aa? oa aiaeia?/iiai eiio aeiaiai?o a aaoi?nueeiio i?aa? ?
i?eoiaeeoue aei aeniiaeo, ui oea – aeaa aeaee naiino?eiiai oeio
aeiaiai?o oeea?eueiiai i?aaa – e?oeaic?eiiai. Iieaco?oueny
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o a iaoaioiiio i?aa? oa aeiaiai?o
i?i ia?aaea/o iio-oao. Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, aei iiiaioo io?eiaiiy
iaoaioo ia aeiao?ae, ei?enio iiaeaeue /e i?iieneiaee c?acie ? i?ney
i?eieiaiiy iei ae?? iiaa iiaea eoe eeoa i?i aeiaia?? i?i ia?aaea/o
iio-oao.

O /aoaa?oiio i?ae?icae?e? «Aeaee e?oeaic?e oa e?oeaic?eieo aeiaiai??a» c
aeei?enoaiiyi ??ciiiai?oieo e?eoa???a i?iaiaeeoueny eeaneo?eaoe?y
e?oeaic?e, a a?aeiia?aeii ? e?oeaic?eieo aeiaiai??a, eiee iiaa eaea i?i
aeia?ia?euei? e?oeaic??. O caeaaeiino? a?ae i?aaeiaoa e?oeaic??
?ic??ciythoueny e?oeaic?ei? aeiaiai?e ia aeiaoiaee, ei?eni? iiaeae? oa
i?iieneia? c?acee. Ca ianyaii i?aa, ui iaaeathoueny, aeae?eythoueny
iaiaaeai? ? iiai? e?oeaic??. Aei iaiaaeaieo a?aeiinyoueny iaaeeeth/i?
(i?ino?), iaeiiiniaia? ? aeeeth/i? e?oeaic??. Oey a?aei?ii?noue
i?iaiaeeoueny o caeaaeiino? a?ae oiai, a ye?e i??? aeeeth/aia
eiieo?aioe?y e?oeaic?a?a ? o?ao?o in?a c? noa?e ae?yeueiino?
e?oeaic?aoa. O caeaaeiino? a?ae oiai, /e ? e?oeaic?eia oaiaea
naiino?eiith /e aoiaeeoue a ?ioee aeiaia?? a?eueo caaaeueiiai oeio,
?ic??ciythoueny «/eno?» ? «noiooi?» e?oeaic??. Ii oiiaai iaaeaiiy
aeae?eythoueny noae?oeaic??, ia?ao?ani?, cai?ioi? oa oae caai? a?aee?eo?
e?oeaic??.

Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, aeioe?eueii ?icaeyaeaoe ioae?eaoe?th
Aea?aeiaoaioii Oe?a?ie cayae iaoaioiaeanieea i?i iaaeaiiy aoaeue-ye?e
inia? aeicaieo ia aeei?enoaiiy ia’?eoa ia ye e?oeaic?th (o e?oa?aoo??
aiia ae?noaea iacao a?aee?eoi?), a ye nai???aeio ioa?oo. I?aai iiaea/?
eeiiioaiiy i?i a?aeeeeeaiiy cayae ? i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiyi oeueiai. Ine?eueee
aeiaia?? i?i ieaoaae? cai?ith? niaith e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia??,
i?iiiio?oueny iioe?eoe ia iueiai i?aaeei i?i iaiao?aei?noue ?a?no?aoe??.
Caa?oa?oueny oaaaa ia iayai?noue aeayeeo ni?eueieo ?en o i?ioean?
oeeaaeaiiy oaiaee iaoaioiaeanieeii, yeee acya ia naaa ciaia’ycaiiy
iaaeaoe aoaeue-ye?e inia? aeica?e ia aeei?enoaiiy ?acoeueoaoo oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino?, ? ioae?/iiai aeiaiai?o.

?iaeoueny aeniiaie, ui eiino?oeoe?y e?oeaic?eii? oaiaee
aeei?enoiao?oueny eeoa o aeiaaeeo iaaeaiiy aeia?ia?eueii? e?oeaic??. Ui
noino?oueny i?eioniaeo e?oeaic?e, oi i?aenoaaith ?o aeaea/? ? ??oaiiy
eiiiaoaioiiai aea?aeaaiiai i?aaio. ?ic??ciythoueny aeaee i?eioniaeo
e?oeaic?e o caeaaeiino? a?ae iaoe ?o aeaea/?: ia aeiao?ae, ei?enio
iiaeaeue aai i?iieneiaee c?acie, ui ia aeei?enoiao?oueny aai
iaaeinoaoiuei aeei?enoiao?oueny; ia caeaaeiee ia’?eo; o noni?eueieo
?ioa?anao oa ?ioa?anao iaoe?iiaeueii? aaciaee. Ine?eueee o ia?aeeaae? c
eaoeinueeiai neiai «e?oeaic?y» icia/a? naiaiaea, i?aai, aeica?e, oi
i?aee?aneth?oueny ianoi?nia ii?aeiaiiy oa?i?i?a. C iaeiiai aieo, iiaa
eaea i?i aeica?e, a c ?ioiai – iaoaioiaeaniee ia ia? aeai?o, a?i
ciaia’ycaiee aeicaieeoe ?ioei iniaai aeei?enoaiiy ?acoeueoaoo oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino?.

Aeena?oaio i?iiiio? caeiiiaeaa/i cae??ieoe aeaee e?oeaic?e, ui aeanoue
iiaeeea?noue eiio?aaaioai o a?eueo?e i??? aecia/eoeny ? a?aooaaoe nai?
?ioa?ane i?e oeeaaeaii? aeiaiai?o.

O ?icae?e? ae?oaiio «Ci?no e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o», yeee neeaaea?oueny
c i’yoe i?ae?icae?e?a, aiae?cothoueny i?aaeiao oa ia’?eo aeiaiai?o,
i?aaa oa iaia’ycee noi??i, oiiae ?o a?aeiia?aeaeueiino?, ?eceee, yeeo
iiaeooue caciaoe eiio?aaaioe o i?ioean? aeeiiaiiy aeiaiai?o, aeaee
e?oeaic?eii? aeiaai?iaee, i?aenoaae oa iane?aeee i?eieiaiiy
i?aaia?aeiinei.

O ia?oiio i?ae?icae?e? «I?aaeiao oa ia’?eo aeiaiai?o» aeena?oaio ia
i?eeeaae? e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o i?iaiaeeoue ?iciaaeoaaiiy oeeo
iiiyoue. A?aei?/a?oueny, ui o e?oa?aoo?? i?iiiio?oueny ?icaeyaeaoe ye
i?aaeiao cacia/aii? oaiaee iaoaio (A.O. ?ioaa?a), aeeeth/ia i?aai, yea
aeieeaa? c iaoaioo (*.I. Ac?iia, I.A. ?aeai?iaenueeee, ?.ss. Oaeoaoe,
A.A. I?aoia, I.I. Caie?i, E.E. ss?/eia), aeiao?ae (I.A.
Aaceeoaee, I.I. Aiaoneaanueeee, A.?. Iooiiaae, E.I. Iaiaiaaiia,
TH.? Nayaeinoe, A. Oooiio) aai i?aai aeei?enoaiiy ia’?eoo i?iieneiai?
aeaniino?, yea aeieeaa? c aeiaiai?o (I. A???ia, I.E. Ai?iaeenueeee, A.A.
Ae?aaoiia, ?.I. Cai?i). Ia aeoieo aaoi?a, ine?eueee iaoaio ?
ioi?iiiei aeieoiaioii, yeee ia eeoa cae??ieth? ca eiai aieiae?eueoeai
aeeeth/ia i?aai ia ?acoeueoao oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?, a oaeiae cana?ae/o?
aaoi?noai oa eaae?o?eaoe?th i?iiiceoe?? ye aeiaoiaeo, ei?enii? iiaeae?
/e i?iieneiaiai c?acea, a?i ia iiaea aooe i?aaeiaoii cacia/aiiai
aeiaiai?o. I?aee?aneth?oueny, ui aeiaia?? i?i ia?aaea/o i?aaa aeaniino?
ia ?acoeueoao oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? – naiino?eia oeea?eueii-i?aaiaa
oaiaea. Iaaeioe?eueii ?icaeyaeaoe oaeiae ye i?aaeiao e?oeaic?eiiai
aeiaiai?o aeeeth/ia i?aai ia ?acoeueoao oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?, ine?eueee
c iaaeaiiyi aeicaieo iaoaioiaeaniee ia iicaaaey?oueny i?aaa ia ia’?eo.
Cacia/a?oueny, ui i?e onoaiiaeaii?e?oeaic?eieo i?aaia?aeiinei nai ii
nia? aeiao?ae (ei?enia iiaeaeue, i?iieneiaee c?acie) ia ia? oe?iiino?,
oae ye c eiai iienii iiaea iciaeiieoeny aoaeue-yea iniaa. Iaiao?aei?noue
oeeaaeaiiy aeiaiai?o coiiaeaia naia a?aenooi?noth o an?o, ooi ia ia?
aeicaieo iaoaioiaeanieea, i?aaa canoinoaaiiy ia’?eoa i?iieneiai?
aeaniino?.

Aeena?oaio i?aeo?eio? iiceoe?th oeo aeine?aeiee?a, ye? aaaaeathoue
i?aaeiaoii oaiaee i?aai aeei?enoaiiy, iaeiae ?iaeoue ooi/iaiiy, ui
i?aaeiaoii ? naia e?oeaic?y (aeica?e) ia canoinoaaiiy ?acoeueoaoo
oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?. O naith /a?ao aeiao?ae, i?iieneiaee c?acie /e
ei?enia iiaeaeue aenooia? ye ia’?eo aeiaiai?o ? a?aeiia?aeii ye i?aaeiao
e?oeaic??. A?aoiaioo?oueny oi/ea ci?o, ui oa?aeoa?ia iciaea ia’?eoo
e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o – iayai?noue iaoaioo. A?aei?/a?oueny, ui oea –
iaeei c e?eoa???a ?iciaaeoaaiiy cacia/aiiai aeiaiai?o ? aeiaiai?o i?i
ia?aaea/o iio-oao.

I?ae?icae?e ae?oaee «I?aaa oa iaia’ycee noi??i» i?enay/aiee aiae?co
i?aaiaiai iieiaeaiiy eiio?aaaio?a, ?o i?aa oa iaia’yce?a.
I?aee?aneth?oueny, ui e?oeaic?a?ii iiaea aooe eeoa iniaa, yea ia?
aeeeth/i? i?aaa ia ?acoeueoao oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?. O ca’yceo c oeei
?icaeyaea?oueny, ooi iiaea aooe iaoaioiaeanieeii.

Aaoi? caa?oa? oaaao, ui ii?ia caeiiiaeaanoaa, ca?aeii c yeith o
aeiaaeeo, eiee iaoaio ia ia’?eo i?iieneiai? aeaniino? iaeaaeeoue
aeae?eueeii iniaai, eiaeiee aeaniee iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoe aeiao?ae,
ei?enio iiaeaeue aai i?iieneiaee c?acie ca nai?i ?icnoaeii, aea aeiaeai
c ieo ia ia? i?aaa iaaeaaaoe e?oeaic?th aac caiaee ?ioeo aeaniee?a, ia
i?aeoeoe? iiaea ?aaeueii iaiaaeoaaoe i?aaa iaaieo in?a.
I?aee?aneth?oueny, ui i?e iayaiino? ni?aaeaniino? o?ce/ii? oa
th?eaee/ii? iniae, inoaiiy ia? cia/ii a?eueoee iioaioe?ae aeey
canoinoaaiiy oai?/iai aeinyaiaiiy o nai?e ae?yeueiino?, o oie /an ye
o?ce/ia iniaa oaeoe/ii iicaaaeaia i?aaa io?eiaiiy i?eaooe?a a?ae
?aae?caoe?? iaaeaiiai iaoaioii aeeeth/iiai i?aaa. Oiio aiineoueny
i?iiiceoe?y ia?aaeaa/eoe o caeiiiaeaanoa? iiaeeea?noue aeaea/?
iaaeeeth/ii? e?oeaic?? eiaeiei ni?aaeanieeii. Iaeiae ?iaeoueny
i?eiouaiiy, ui, iiaeeeai, aeioe?eueii iaiaaeeoe oaea i?aai oeeaaeaiiyi
eeoa iaeiiai e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o eiaeiei ?c ni?aaeaniee?a, ine?eueee
a i?ioeeaaeiiio aeiaaeeo oe?ii?noue iiiiiie?? iiaea aooe cia/ii
cieaeaia.

Aeena?oaio i?aeo?eio? iiceoe?th i?iaeoo OeE Oe?a?ie noiniaii cae??ieaiiy
ca aeiao?aeieeii i?aaa ia io?eiaiiy ioi?iiiiai aeieoiaioa ia ia’?eo
i?iieneiai? aeaniino?, noai?aiee o ca’yceo c aeeiiaiiyi neoaeaiaeo
iaia’yce?a, iaaeaiiyi o?iainiai? aai ?ioi? iaoa??aeueii? aeiiiiiae
aaoi?o ia iniia? ciaiue, aeina?aeo, ?ioi?iaoe?? ?iaioiaeaaoey oa ?ioiai
?noioiiai ni?eyiiy aeey eiai noai?aiiy ?iaioiaeaaoeai, iaeiae cacia/a?
ui c iaoith caaacia/aiiy ?ioa?an?a inoaiiueiai ne?ae iaaeaoe eiio
aaciieaoio iaaeeeth/io e?oeaic?th ia aanue no?ie /eiiino? iaoaioo.
I?iiiio?oueny cae??ieoe a caeiiiaeaanoa?, ui o aeiaaeeo, yeui
iaoaioiaeanieeii noa? ?iaioiaeaaaoeue, ? a oaiae? i?ae noi?iiaie ia
ia?aaeaa/aii?ioa, aeiao?aeiee ia? i?aai ia io?eiaiiy iaaiiai a?aenioea
aeiaai?iaee a?ae eiaeiiai oeeaaeaiiai ?iaioiaeaaoeai e?oeaic?eiiai
aeiaiai?o ia ia’?eo.

Aaoi? i?eoiaeeoue aei aeniiaeo, ui ine?eueee ca?aeii c /eiiei
caeiiiaeaanoaii ia aaaaea?oueny ii?ooaiiyi i?aa, ye? iaaeathoueny
ioi?iiiei aeieoiaioii, aeei?enoaiiy aeiaoiaeo, ei?enii? iiaeae? /e
i?iieneiaiai c?acea aac eiia?oe?eii? iaoe, oi o aeiaaeeo i?aeoe/ii?
?aae?caoe?? iaaeaiiai ca aeiaiai?ii i?aaa e?oeaic?ao iiaeiai aooe
noa’?eoii i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino?.

Aeena?oaio ia iiaiaeaeo?oueny c aeinoaoiuei iioe?aiith o e?oa?aoo??
aeoieith, ui ca e?oeaic?eiei aeiaiai?ii e?oeaic?a? ciaia’yco?oueny
ia?aaeaoe e?oeaic?aoo i?aai ei?enooaaiiy ?acoeueoaoii oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino?, ine?eueee aeaea/a aeicaieo ia iaia’yceiai oyaia ca niaith
iicaaaeaiiy e?oeaic?a?a i?aaa canoinoaaiiy ia’?eoo.

I?aee?aneth?oueny, ui nii/aoeo a e?oeaic?? aaa/aee eeoa iaaaoeaiee
ci?no, yeee iieyaa? o a?aeiia? iaoaioiaeanieea a?ae i?aaa caai?iie ?
ia?ane?aeoaaiiy e?oeaic?aoa, a ca?ac iai?aiith ? oi/ea ci?o, ui
iaia’ycee e?oeaic?a?a caiaeyoueny aieiaiei /eiii aei caaacia/aiiy
iiceoeaiiai i?aaa aeei?enoaiiy oai?/iai aeinyaiaiiy. O ca’yceo c oeei
aiae?cothoueny iaoaioii-i?aaia? oa oaoi?/i? aa?aio?? e?oeaic?a?a. Aei
ia?oeo, iai?eeeaae, a?aeiineoueny iayai?noue iiaiiaaaeaiue
iaoaioiaeanieea ia aeaea/o aeicaieo aac ii?ooaiiy i?aa ?ioeo in?a.
Noi?iie iiaeooue iaoiiaeoe, ui e?oeaic?a? aa?aioo? iiaeeea?noue
oaoi?/ii? ?aae?caoe?? oa i?eaeaoi?noue ia’?eoo e?oeaic?? aeey icia/aii?
a oaiae? iaoe.

Caa?oa?oueny oaaaa, ui a e?oa?aoo?? ia ?nio? ?aeeii? oi/ee ci?o
a?aeiinii iiaeeeaino? e?oeaic?aoa ia?aaeaoe e?oeaic?th /e aeaeaoe
noae?oeaic?th. Iaei? iaoeiaoe? aiaaiai?, ui oe? ae?? iiaeeea? eeoa c
aeicaieo e?oeaic?a?a ? o aeiaaeeao, ia?aaeaa/aieo a oaiae?, a ?io? – ui
oaea i?aai ? iciaeith aeeeth/ii? ? iiaii? e?oeaic?? ? ia aeiaaa?
aeiaeaoeiaiai a?aaoethaaiiy, yeui aiii i?yii ia caai?iiaii a aeiaiai??.
Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, caiaea iaoaioiaeanieea iaia’yceiaa.
A?aei?/a?oueny, ui ca ianyaii i?aa, ui iaaeathoueny, noae?oeaic?y, ye
i?aaeei, ? iaaeeeth/iith. ?iaeoueny ooi/iaiiy, ui ca aaaeaiiyi noi??i
aiia iiaea aooe ? aeeeth/iith.

Aeena?oaio i?eoiaeeoue aei aeniiaeo, ui aeey ie?aneaiiy iiaiiaaaeaiue
e?oeaic?aoa i?aaii??ii aeei?enoiaoaaoe oa?eoi??th oa no?ie /eiiino?
iaoaioo, e?euee?noue aeaioiaeaieo ae?ia?a, niin?a aai noa?o canoinoaaiiy
aeiaoiaeo, ei?enii? iiaeae? /e i?iieneiaiai c?acea. I?aee?aneth?oueny,
ui oiiae e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o, ye? iaeeaaeathoue ia e?oeaic?aoa
iaiaaeaiiy, ye? ia aeieeaathoue c i?aa, iaaeaieo iaoaioii, ?
iaae?enieie. Oiio ii?ie aioeiiiiiieueiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa ia
iioe?ththoueny eeoa ia o? oiiae oaiaee, ye? coiiaeai? i?e?iaeith
aeeeth/ieo i?aa. Aeoiaey/e c iieiaeaiue /eiiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa, aaoi?
caia?a/o? iiaeeea?noue aeeth/aiiy aei aeiaiai?o iaia’yceo e?oeaic?aoa
oo?eioaaoeny a?ae iiaea/? iiciao i?i aeciaiiy iaoaioo iaae?eniei,
ine?eueee oea ? iaiaaeaiiyi eiai caeiiieo i?aa. Iaeiae aiineoueny
i?iiiceoe?ya?aooaaoe oie oaeo, ui e?oeaic?ao o ca’yceo c i?aeoe/iith
?aae?caoe??th ia’?eoo ia? a?eueo aaaii? a?aoiaioe aeciaiiy ioi?iiiiai
aeieoiaioa iaae?eniei o ii??aiyii? c aoaeue-yeith ?ioith iniaith, oa
cae??ieoe a caeiiiaeaanoa?, ui ca aaaeaiiyi noi??i ia e?oeaic?aoa iiaea
aooe iieeaaeaiee iaia’ycie oo?eioaaoeny a?ae iiaea/? iiciao i?i aeciaiiy
iaoaioo iaae?eniei.

I?eae?ey?oueny oaaaa aiae?co ?nioth/i? a e?oa?aoo?? oi/ee ci?o, ui
ine?eueee aeeeth/iee e?oeaic?ao ia? iiaeeea?noue caoenoo nai?o i?aa
i?ioe ii?ooaiue c? noi?iie aoaeue-yeeo o?ao?o in?a, oi iiaa eaea ia eeoa
i?i ciaia’ycaeueia, a e i?i ?a/iaa i?aai. A?aei?/a?oueny, ui oaeee
a?aoiaio ia a?aeiia?aea? /eiiiio caeiiiaeaanoao Oe?a?ie, oae ye i?aai
iiaea/? iiciao ia? oaeiae ? iaaeeeth/iee e?oeaic?ao. Aei oiai ae, ia
aeoieo aeena?oaioa, iayai?noue aeayeeo aeaiaio?a, oa?aeoa?ieo aeey ?ioeo
i?aaia?aeiinei, ia oyaia ca niaith ia?aoai?aiiy aeiaia??ieo a?aeiinei a
aaniethoi?.

O o?aoueiio i?ae?icae?e? «?ecee oa a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue eiio?aaaio?a»
aiae?cothoueny ?eceee, yeeo iiaeooue caciaoe noi?iie o i?ioean?
aeeiiaiiy aeiaiai?o, oa a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue eiio?aaaio?a o aeiaaeeo
ii?ooaiiy oiia oaiaee.

I?aee?aneth?oueny, ui ?eceee, oa?aeoa?i? aeey oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?,
i?iaeiaaeothoue ?nioaaoe ? i?e iayaiino? aeiaia??ieo a?aeiinei.
Aeena?oaio i?eoiaeeoue aei aeniiaeo, ui a?aeoeiaeoaaiiy caeoe?a i?e
iaaeaii? aeicaieo ia aeei?enoaiiy ?acoeueoaoo oai?/i? ae?yeueiino?
aoaeo?oueny ia ii?aeiaii? aeaio ia/ae – ia oiiaao
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? oa ia oiiaao ?eceeo.

O ?iaio? a?aenoith?oueny oaca i?i aeioe?euei?noue aaaaeaiiy iiiyooy
«?ecee aeciaiiy iaoaioo iaae?eniei». Ca caaaeueiei i?aaeeii, eiai iana
iaoaioiaeaniee. Iaeiae o aeiaaeeo oeeaaeaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o
oeae ?ecee ia?aiineoueny ia e?oeaic?aoa. Oiio i?e aeciaii? iaoaioo
iaae?eniei e?oeaic?a? ia ciaia’ycaiee iiaa?oaoe eiio?aaaioo aeiea/ai?
i?iii?oe?eii ia??iaeo ?nioaaiiy aeiaiai?o ieaoaae?. Iaa?oioiao?oueny
iiaeeea?noue oeeaaeaiiy ii?yae c e?oeaic?eiei aeiaiai?ii aeiaeaoeiai?
oaiaee i?i ?iciiae?e ?eceeo aeciaiiy iaoaioo iaae?eniei.

Aaoi? caa?oa? oaaao, ui i?aenoaae oa oiiae a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? noi?iie
ia?aaeaa/athoue a aeiaiai??. Aeneiaeth?oueny i?eiouaiiy, ui iaeiei ?c
iane?aee?a iaaeinyaiaiiy e?oeaic?aoii aa?aioiaaieo e?oeaic?a?ii
oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a, iiaea aooe eiiiainaoe?y inoaii?i
oiouaii? aeaiaee. O naith /a?ao e?oeaic?ao, iai?eeeaae, iiaea ianoe
a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue o aeiaaeeo ianai?/anii? aeieaoe aeiaai?iaee,
ii?ooaiiy oiia i?i oa?eoi??th oa ia’?i iaaeaieo eiio i?aa oiui.

O i?ae?icae?e? /aoaa?oiio «E?oeaic?eia aeiaai?iaea» i?iaiaeeoueny aiae?c
iiaeeeaeo oi?i ieaoaae?a ca e?oeaic?eiei aeiaiai?ii oa niinia?a ?o
ia/eneaiiy.

A?aecia/a?oueny, ui ineieueee ?ioaeaeooaeuei? aeinyaiaiiy iaaoaathoue
oiaa?ii? oi?ie ca aeiiiiiaith i?aaa, oi oea i?eaea? niaoeeoieo ?o
aa?oinoi. Aaciina?aaeiy oeiiiinoue iaoeiai-oaoii/ieo iaeae
a?ae??ciy?oueny aiae oeiiiinoi ?o iaoa?iaeueieo iini?a, o yeeo aiie
iiaeooue aooe ae?aaeaii. Oeiia ?acoeueoao?a oai?/i? aeiyeueiinoi iineoue
ia?eaoeiaiaee oa?aeoa?, ineieueee caeaaeeoue aiae niiaaiaeiioaiiy iiieoo
i i?iiiceoei?, cia/aiiy aeey niiaeeaa/a, a ia eieueeinoi oaeoe/ii
cao?a/aii? i?aoei aeiaoiaeieeia. Aecia/aiiy ?icii?o eioeaicieii?
aeiaai?iaee – iaeia c iaeaieueo neeaaeieo ieoaiue. Iiynith?oueny oea
oei, ui aeienia eiia?oeieia oeiiiinoue aeiaoiaeia, ei?enieo iiaeaeae oa
i?iieneiaeo c?aceia c’yniao?oueny eeoa o i?ioeani ?o ?aaeicaoei?. Aei
oiai ae, c /anii oeiia ia’?eoo eioeaici? iiaea ciaioeoeny o ca’yceo c
ii?aeueiei noa?iiiyi aai caieueoeoeny o aeiaaeeo aaeineiiaeaiiy.
Aeena?oaio i?eoiaeeoue aei aeniiaeo i?i aeioe?euei?noue cae??ieaiiy o
caeiiiaeaanoa? iniiaieo i?eioeei?a oe?iiooai?aiiy ia ?acoeueoaoe oai?/i?
ae?yeueiino? ? iaaieo e?eoa???a aecia/aiiy e?oeaic?eii? aeiaai?iaee.

I?eae?ey?oueny iniaeeaa oaaaa a?ioiaei oi?iai aeiaai?iaee. Iaooaeueiee
ieao?ae – oea oaa?aea noia, yea aiineoueny iaeii?aciai /e a ?icno?i/eo.
?iyeo? – ia??iaee/i? a?ae?aooaaiiy, ui aeiea/othoueny ia i?ioyc? no?ieo
ae?? aeiaiai?o. sse aaca ?iyeo? iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoeny iaeeieoey
aeiouaii? /e ?aae?ciaaii? i?iaeoeoe??, aa?o?noue aeei?enoaii? ne?iaeie
/e aeaioiaeaiiai oiaa?o, aeiiii?/iee aoaeo, oiaa?iia?a, aaeiaee aeio?ae,
i?eaooie oiui. Eiia?iiaai? (ci?oai?) ieaoaae? – ia??iaee/i? aeieaoe o
ii?aeiaii? c ia?a?nieie aai i?i?iaeueii aa?aioiaaieie ieaoaaeaie.
Iaaiaeyoueny ?o ia?aaaae.

O i’yoiio i?ae?icae?e? «Ci?ia ? i?eieiaiiy aeiaiai?o» aiae?co?oueny
ii?yaeie aianaiiy ci?i oa aeiiiaiaiue aei oaiaee ? iiaeeea? i?aenoaae oa
iane?aeee i?eieiaiiy aeiaia??ieo a?aeiinei.

I?aee?aneth?oueny, ui ine?eueee e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? i?aeeyaa?
iaia’yceia?e ?a?no?aoe?? Aea?aeiaoaioii Oe?a?ie, oi ci?ie ? aeiiiaiaiiy
iaae?athoue /eiiino? c iiiaioo aianaiiy ?o inoaii?i aei aeiaiai?o ca
ienueiiaith cayaith noi??i, a aioethaaiiy oaiaee – i?ney a?aei?oee i?i
oea a ?a?no?? ia i?aenoaa? aca?iii? caiaee eiio?aaaio?a /e ??oaiiy
noaeo.

Aeoeaioo?oueny oaaaa, ui /eiia caeiiiaeaanoai Oe?a?ie aea? ae/a?iiee
ia?ae?e i?aenoaa i?eieiaiiy oaiae, caai?iiyth/e iaeiinoi?iiith a?aeiiao
a?ae aeeiiaiiy aeiaiai?o aai iaeiinoi?iiith ci?io eiai oiia, ca aeiyoeii
aeiaaee?a, ia?aaeaa/aieo caeiiii. Ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, oaea ii?ia
noia?a/eoue i?eioeeio naiaiaee aeiaiai?o, oiio aeioe?eueii iaaeaoe
eiio?aaaioai iiaeeea?noue ae??ooaaoe a oaiae? oe? ieoaiiy ca nai?i
?icnoaeii. Aeaoaeueii aiae?cothoueny iiaeeea? aeiaaeee aeino?ieiaiai
?ic??aaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o ia aeiiao eiaeii? c noi??i.
I?iiiio?oueny caeiiiaeaa/i cae??ieoe i?aai e?oeaic?a?a aeiaaaoe
i?eieiaiiy aeiaiai?o, yeui e?oeaic?ao nenoaiaoe/ii ia aiineoue
aeiaai?iaeo ca aeei?enoaiiy ia’?eoa, a e?oeaic?aoa – yeui ia iiaeia
aeinyaiooe aa?aioiaaieo e?oeaic?a?ii oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a.

Aeae? aaoi? cacia/a?, ui ine?eueee iaei??th c i?aenoaa i?eieiaiiy
/eiiino? iaoaioo ? a?aeiiaa a?ae ioi?iiiiai aeieoiaioa ia i?aenoaa?
cayae eiai aeanieea, iiaeaiiai aeiAea?aeiaoaioo Oe?a?ie, a
caeiiiaeaaaoeue ia noaaeoue iiaeeea?noue cae?eniaiiy ?icaeyaeoaaiiai
i?aaa o caeaaei?noue a?ae caiaee e?oeaic?ao?a, oi ?ioa?ane inoaii?o
iiaeii? aooe a?aoiaai? i?e oeeaaeaii? aeiaiai?o. Aiineoueny i?iiiceoe?y
iinoaaeoe i?aai e?oeaic?a?a ia a?aeiiao a?ae i?aeo?eiaiiy a nee? iaoaioo
ia ia’?eo aeiaiai?o a caeaaei?noue a?ae caiaee e?oeaic?ao?a. O oeueiio
aeiaaeeo e?oeaic?a? ciaia’ycaiee iia?aeiieoe a ienueiia?e oi?i?
e?oeaic?ao?a i?i na?e iai?? ? cai?iiiioaaoe oeeanoe aeiaia?? i?i
ia?aaea/o i?aaa ia ia’?eo i?iieneiai? aeaniino?. sseui ia i?ioyc?
iaeiiai i?nyoey aeiaeai c e?oeaic?ao?a ia aeneiaeoue aaaeaiiy noaoe
iaoaioiaeanieeii, e?oeaic?a? ia? i?aai iiaeaoe cayao aei Aea?aeiaoaioo
Oe?a?ie i?i a?aeiiao a?ae iaoaioo. sseui aaaeaiiy noaoe iaoaioiaeanieeii
aeneiaeoue aeae?eueea e?oeaic?ao?a, i?aai aeai?o iaaea?oueny
e?oeaic?a?o. Iiaeia cae??ieoe ye caaaeueia i?aaeei, ui aeiaia?? i?i
ia?aaea/o i?aaa ia aeiao?ae, ei?enio iiaeaeue /e i?iieneiaee c?acie
i?eionea?oueny aaciieaoiei, yeui iiaee iaoaioiaeaniee iaaea? eieeoiueiio
iaoaioiaeanieeo aaciieaoio iaaeeeth/io e?oeaic?th ia aanue oa?i?i ae??
ioi?iiiiai aeieoiaioa. Ine?eueee ?nio? iiaeeea?noue oaeoe/ii? a?aeiiae
a?ae iaoaioo aiane?aeie ianieaoe ieo, oi iaiao?aeii iieeanoe ia
Aea?aeiaoaio Oe?a?ie iaia’ycie iia?aeiieyoe e?oeaic?aoa i?i oa, ui
/eii?noue ioi?iiiiai aeieoiaioa iiaea aooe i?eieiaia a ?acoeueoao?
iaaianaiiy e?oeaic?a?ii iaiao?aeieo cai??a ca i?aeo?eiaiiy eiai a nee?.
sseui e?oeaic?ao ia caoe?eaaeaiee a oaeeo iane?aeeao, a?i iiaea nieaoeoe
iaiao?aei? noie ? noyaiooe ?o c e?oeaic?a?a aai a?aeianoe ia ?aooiie
e?oeaic?eii? aeiaai?iaee.

Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?ey?oueny aeie? e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o i?e aeciaii?
iaoaioo iaae?eniei. Ia aeoieo aaoi?a, ine?eueee o oeueiio aeiaaeeo
a?aeiaaea? i?aenoaaa iaaeaiiy aeicaieo, oi cacia/aia oaiaea oaeiae
aecia?oueny iaae?eniith. Ine?eueee oaeee aeiaaeie i?yii ia ia?aaeaa/aiee
caeiiiaeaanoaii Oe?a?ie, oi iiaeia nei?enoaoeny no. 56 OeE Oe?a?ie,
?icaeyaeath/e iaiaa?oioiaai?noue aeaea/? ioi?iiiiai aeieoiaioa ye
?noioio iiieeeo, yea noino?oueny ia’?eoo aeiaiai?o.

Aaoi? ia iiaiaeaeo?oueny c aeneiaeaiith o e?oa?aoo?? aeoieith, ui o
aeiaaeeo aeino?ieiaiai i?eieiaiiy aeiaiai?o niea/ai? ?ai?oa noie
iaooaeueieo ieaoaae?a ia i?aeeyaathoue iiaa?iaiith ai? iiai?noth, ai?
/anoeiai, a aaaaea?, ui e?oeaic?ao iiaea noaaeoe ieoaiiy i?i iiaa?iaiiy
iaoaioiaeanieeii noi i?iii?oe?eii ia??iaeo /ano, eiee aeei?enoaiiy
ia’?eoo ia aoei eiio caaacia/aia. Aeioe?eueii oaeiae a?aoiaoaaoe
aeiaeaoeia? /eiieee (iai?eeeaae, a ia?o? ?iee iaiao?aeia i?aai?caoe?y
ae?iaieoeoaa ? aeeaaeaiiy cia/ieo cania?a, a ieaoaae? anoaiiaeai? c
o?aooaaiiyi ?aioaaaeueiino? ae?iaieoeoaa a iaeaooiueiio; ? iaaiaee,
iaea?eueo i?eaooeiaeie ? ia?o? ?iee /eiiino? oaiaee, a a iiaeaeueoiio
?nio? iaaaciaea ii?aeueiiai noa??iiy ia’?eoa aai ci?ie neooaoe?? ia
?eieo).

Aeniiaee. O caeeth/i?e /anoei? noi?ioeueiaai? iaea?eueo caaaeuei?
aeniiaee, io?eiai? aaoi?ii o i?ioean? aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy:
1) a oiiaao ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee ? iiaoaeiae oeea?e?ciaaii? aea?aeaae
e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? o noa?? i?iieneiai? aeaniino? ?, c iaei???
noi?iie, aoaeoeaiith i?aaiaith oi?iith ?aae?caoe?? i?aa, iaaeaieo
iaoaioiaeanieeia?, a c ?ioi? – aea? iiaeeea?noue caoe?eaaeaiei iniaai
aeei?enoiaoaaoe ia?aaeia? aeinyaiaiiy iaoee ? oaoi?ee o nai?o ?ioa?anao;
2) niaoeeo?ea ?acoeueoao?a oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? iaoiiaeea aeieeiaiiy
iiaeo aeae?a aeiaiai??a, ca aeiiiiiaith yeeo aiie aoyaothoueny a
oiaa?iee ia?a; 3) e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? a iaoaioiiio i?aa? – oea
naiino?eiee oeea?eueii-i?aaiaee aeiaia??, yeee ?acii c aiaeia?/iei
aeiaiai?ii a aaoi?nueeiio i?aa? oa aeiaiai?ii i?i ia?aaea/o iio-oao
a?aeiineoueny aei a?oie aeiaiai??a ia aeei?enoaiiy ia’?eo?a
?ioaeaeooaeueii? aeaniino?; 4) iaiao?aei?noue oeeaaeaiiy aeiaiai?o
aeieea? eeoa i?e iaaeaii? aeia?ia?eueii? e?oeaic??; 5) iiaeeea?noue
aeaea/? i?eioniai? e?oeaic??, ye iaeei ?c aeiaaee?a iaiaaeaiiy
aeeeth/ieo i?aa iaoaioiaeanieea, – iaei aoaeoeaia i??a a no/anieo
oiiaao; 6) aeciaiiy iaoaioo iaae?eniei iaoiiaeth? iaae?eni?noue
e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o; o oeueiio aeiaaeeo ieaoaae? i?iii?oe?eii no?ieo
?nioaaiiy aeiaiai?o caeeoathoueny o e?oeaic?a?a;
7) iaa?oioiao?oueny aeioe?euei?noue aaeineiiaeaiiy ie?aieo ii?i
/eiiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa.

O aeiaeaoeao iii?uaiee i?iaeo aeaae Oeea?eueiiai eiaeaeno «E?oeaic?eiee
aeiaia?? o iaoaioiiio i?aa?» oa i?iiiceoe?? Eii?oaoo iaoee oa ina?oe
Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie ii aaeineiiaeaiith iaoaioiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa
Oe?a?ie.

Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii oae? ?iaioe:

E?eaeia A. I?eionia? e?oeaic?? o iaoaioiiio i?aa? Oe?a?ie // A?ni.
Aeaae. i?aa. iaoe Oe?a?ie. – 1998. – ? 3. – N. 143-151.

E?uaeia A.I. I?aaeiao eeoeaiceiiiiai niaeaoaiey a noa?a i?iiuoeaiiie
nianoaaiiinoe // I?iae. caeiiiino?: ?ani. i?aea?aeii. iaoe. ca. / A?aei.
?aae. A.ss. Oaoe?e. – Oa?e?a: Iaoe. th?eae. aeaae. Oe?a?ie, 1998. – Aei.
34. – N. 108-114.

E?uaeia A.I. I?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea neoaeaaiuo iauaeoia i?iiuoeaiiie
nianoaaiiinoe // I?iae. caeiiiino?: ?ani. i?aea?aeii. iaoe. ca. / A?aei.
?aae. A.ss. Oaoe?e. – Oa?e?a: Iaoe. th?eae. aeaae. Oe?a?ie, 1998. – Aei.
35. – N. 58-63.

E?uaeia A. Ciaee aeey oiaa?ia e oneoa e eeoeaicee ia eo eniieueciaaiea
// I?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai, oic-ai e i?aai. – 1999. – ? 1. – N. 36-39.

E?uaeia A. I?aai i?aaeaeaiieueciaaiey a iaoaioiii i?aaa Oe?aeiu //
I?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai, oic-ai e i?aai. – 1999. – ? 2. – N. 37-39.

E?eaeia A.I. I?iaeo Oeea?eueiiai eiaeaeno Oe?a?ie ? ?aaoethaaiiy
?acoeueoao?a oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? a iaoaioiiio i?aa? // A?ni. Oi-oo
aioo?. ni?aa. – Aei. 6. – Oa?e?a: Oi-o aioo?. ni?aa; 1999. – N. 134-138.

E?eaeia A.I. TH?eaee/ia i?e?iaea e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o a iaoaioiiio
i?aa? // I?iae. caeiiiino?: ?ani. i?aea?aeii. iaoe. ca. / A?aei. ?aae.
A.ss. Oaoe?e. – Oa?e?a: Iaoe. th?eae. aeaae. Oe?a?ie, 1999. – Aei. 37. –
N. 114-119.

E?eaeia A.I. Aeaee e?oeaic?eieo aeiaiai??a o iaoaioiiio i?aa? //
Aeooaeuei?i?iaeaie no/anii? iaoee a aeine?aeaeaiiyo iieiaeeo a/aieo:
Ca. iaoe. i?aoeue. – Aei. 5. – Oa?e?a: Oi-o aioo?. ni?aa, 1999. – N.
110-117.

E?eaeia A.I. Iaoaioiaeanieee ca /eiiei caeiiiaeaanoaii Oe?a?ie //
?ioaeaeooaeueia aeani?noue. – 1999. – ? 2. – N. 9-11.

E?eaeia A.I. I?aaiaa ?aaoethaaiiy e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o a iaoaioiiio
i?aa? // Noaiiaeaiiy i?aaiai? nenoaie aeaiie?aoe/ii? Oe?a?ie oa
th?eaee/ia iaoea: Ei?ioe? oace aeii. oa iaoe. iia?aeiieaiue iaoe. eiio.
iieiaeeo o/aieo oa ani??aio?a / Ca ?aae. i?io. I.?. Iaiiaa. – Oa?e?a:
Iaoe. th?eae. aeaae. Oe?a?ie, 1998. – N. 28-30.

E?eaeia A.I. I?aai ia neoaeaia? ?acoeueoaoe oai?/i? ae?yeueiino? //
I?aaa ethaeeie a oiiaao ?aoi?ioaaiiy i?aaiai? nenoaie Oe?a?ie (Aei 50-?
??/ieoe? Caa. aeaeea?aoe?? i?aa ethaeeie): Oace aeii. oa iaoe.
iia?aeiieaiue iaoe. eiio. iieiaeeo o/aieo oa ani??aio?a / Ca ?aae. i?io.
I.?. Iaiiaa. – Oa?e?a: Iaoe. th?eae. aeaae. Oe?a?ie, 1998. – N. 66-69.

E?eaeia A.I. I?aai ia aeei?enoaiiy iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo aeinyaiaiue //
Naaeueiua oa?uee. iieeoieiae/. /oaiey «*aeiaae – iieeoeea – i?aai» (e
50-eaoeth i?eiyoey Anaiauae aeaeea?aoeee i?aa /aeiaaea): Iaoa?eaeu
aeiee. e niiau. – Oa?ueeia: Oa?uee. aoiaieo. ei-o «Ia?. oe?aei. aeaae.»,
1998. – N. 27, 28.

Aiioaoe??

E?eaeia A.I. E?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? – i?aaiaa oi?ia ?aae?caoe?? iaoaioieo
i?aa. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa th?eaee/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 12.00.03 – oeea?eueia i?aai ? oeea?eueiee i?ioean;
n?iaeia i?aai; i?aeia?iaeia i?eaaoia i?aai. – Iaoe?iiaeueia th?eaee/ia
aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie ?iai? ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai, Oa?e?a, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia aeine?aeaeaiith e?oeaic?eiiai aeiaiai?o a
iaoaioiiio i?aa?. Aea?oueny eiai iiiyooy, aeaee oa i?aaiaa
oa?aeoa?enoeea. Iieaco?oueny ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeia?ia?eueieo ? i?eioniaeo
e?oeaic?e. Aaoi? aeeeaaea? na?e i?aeo?ae aei aecia/aiiy th?eaee/ii?
i?e?iaee cacia/aiiai aeiaiai?o ? eiai i?noey a nenoai?
oeea?eueii-i?aaiaeo aeiaiai??a. I?iaiaeeoueny ?iciaaeoaaiiy i?ae
e?oeaic?eiei aeiaiai?ii a iaoaioiiio i?aa?, aiaeia?/iei eiio aeiaiai?ii
a aaoi?nueeiio i?aa? ? aeiaiai?ii i?i ia?aaea/o «iio-oao».
?icaeyaea?oueny i?aaeiao ? ia’?eo cacia/aiiai aeiaiai?o, i?aaiaa
iieiaeaiiy noi??i, iiaeeea? aeaee aeiaai?iaee. Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?eae?eaia
?eceeai, yeeo iiaeooue caciaoe eiio?aaaioe, ? aeie? aeiaiai?o o aeiaaeeo
i?eieiaiiy /eiiino? iaoaioo aai aeciaiiy eiai iaae?eniei. Noi?ioeueiaai?
i?iiiceoe?? ii aaeineiiaeaiith /eiiiai caeiiiaeaanoaa, cie?aia,
a?aeiinii i?aa oa iaia’yce?a iaoaioiaeanieea. ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ciaeoee
a?aeia?aaeaiiy o i?iaeo? aeaae Oeea?eueiiaieiaeaeno Oe?a?ie
«E?oeaic?eiee aeiaia?? a iaoaioiiio i?aa?».

Eeth/ia? neiaa: e?oeaic?eiee aeiaia??, e?oeaic?y, e?oeaic?a?,
e?oeaic?ao, aeiao?ae, ei?enia iiaeaeue, i?iieneiaee c?acie,
iaoaioiaeaniee, i?iieneiaa aeani?noue, ?ioaeaeooaeueia aeani?noue.

E?uaeia A.I. Eeoeaiceiiiue aeiaiai? – i?aaiaay oi?ia ?aaeecaoeee
iaoaioiuo i?aa. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa th?eaee/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 12.00.03 – a?aaeaeaineia i?aai e a?aaeaeaineee
i?ioeann; naiaeiia i?aai; iaaeaeoia?iaeiia /anoiia i?aai. –
Iaoeeiiaeueiay th?eaee/aneay aeaaeaiey Oe?aeiu eiaie ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai,
Oa?ueeia, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia enneaaeiaaieth eeoeaiceiiiiai aeiaiai?a a
iaoaioiii i?aaa. Aiaeece?othony i?aaeiinueee aai aicieeiiaaiey e
i?ioeann ?ani?ino?aiaiey. Aeaeaaony auaiae, /oi aia/aea neiaeeeenue
iaiaoiaeeiua yeiiiie/aneea oneiaey, a eeoue iioii caeiiiaeaoaeueiua
ii?iu i aiciiaeiinoe i?aaeinoaaeaiey ?ac?aoaiee ia eniieueciaaiea
caiaoaioiaaiiuo iauaeoia. Ai a?aiy ianniaie auaea/e aaoi?neeo
naeaeaoaeuenoa a NNN?, iiiiiieecaoeee n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa e
oeaio?aeeciaaiiie yeiiiieee iaiaoiaeeiinoue caeeth/aiey aiaeece?oaiuo
aeiaiai?ia i?aeoe/anee ia aicieeaea. Aeoeaioe?oaony aieiaiea, /oi
oieueei n cae?aieaieai ?aaainoaa anao oi?i nianoaaiiinoe e aaaaeaieai
iaoaioa a ea/anoaa aaeeinoaaiiiai io?aiiiai aeieoiaioa ia ecia?aoaiey,
iieaciua iiaeaee e i?iiuoeaiiua ia?acoeu aicieeee iaiaoiaeeiua
i?aaeiinueee caeeth/aiey eeoeaiceiiiiai aeiaiai?a.

Enneaaeothony iniaaiiinoe ?acoeueoaoia oai?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Aeaeaaony auaiae, /oi a neeo iaiaoa?eaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a iie ia oieueei
ia iiaeaa?aeaiu aii?oecaoeee e oie/oiaeaieth, ii aeaaea iiaoo auoue
oniaa?oainoaiaaiu. Ii iiaieth aeenna?oaioa, iineieueeo ?a/ue eaeao i
oiaa?a iniaiai ?iaea, oi ana o?e i?aaiii/ey nianoaaiieea iaiieiythony
iiaui niaea?aeaieai. Ecia?aoaiey, iieaciua iiaeaee e i?iiuoeaiiua
ia?acoeu iiaoo iaeiia?aiaiii eniieueciaaoueny iaia?aie/aiiui e?oaii eeoe
aac aicieeiiaaiey iaaeaeo ieie ioiioaiee niaeaaeaiey. Iiae/a?eeaaaony,
/oi niaoeeoeea iauaeoia i?iiuoeaiiie nianoaaiiinoe ii?iaeeea
aicieeiiaaiea iiaiai aeaea niaeaoaiey, n iiiiuueth eioi?iai iie
aiaeaeathony a oiaa?iue iai?io.

Aeaaony iiiyoea e i?aaiaay oa?aeoa?enoeea eeoeaiceiiiiai aeiaiai?a.
Aaoi? eceaaaao naie iiaeoiae e ii?aaeaeaieth th?eaee/aneie i?e?iaeu
aiaeece?oaiiai aeiaiai?a e aai ianoa a nenoaia a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiauo
aeiaiai?ia. Iieacuaaaony niioiioaiea n aeiaiai?ii eiouanoaaiiiai iaeia,
eoiee-i?iaeaaee, ii?o/aiey, eiiennee, i niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe,

iiae?yaea e eeoeaiceiiiui aeiaiai?ii a iaoaioiii i?aaa, aiaeiae/iui aio
aeiaiai?ii a aaoi?neii i?aaa e aeiaiai?ii i ia?aaea/a «iio-oao».
Aeaeaaony auaiae i iaee/ee naiinoiyoaeueiiai aeiaiai?iiai oeia –
eeoeaiceiiiiai, aeeth/athuaai a naay aeaa aeaea aeiaiai?ia a caaeneiinoe
io noa?u aai i?eiaiaiey: iaoaioiia eee aaoi?neia i?aai.

I?iaiaeeony eeanneoeeaoeey enneaaeoaiiai aeiaiai?a a caaeneiinoe io
i?aaeiaoa eeoeaicee, iauaia i?aaiii/ee, oneiaee e iniiaaiey
i?aaeinoaaeaiey ?ac?aoaiey. Iniaia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony aeiaiai?ai
iieiie, eneeth/eoaeueiie, aaeeiiee/iie e iaeneeth/eoaeueiie eeoeaicee,
onoaiaaeeaathony e?eoa?ee eo ?aca?aie/aiey. A?aoiaioe?oaony iiaiea, /oi
ioe?uoay eeoeaicey – yoi naiaia?aciay ioa?oa, iinea eioi?ie iaiaoiaeeii
caeeth/eoue eeoeaiceiiiue aeiaiai?. Iieacuaaaony niioiioaiea
aeia?iaieueiuo e i?eioaeeoaeueiuo eeoeaicee, a ?acoeueoaoa /aai
aeaeaaony auaiae i oii, /oi iaiaoiaeeiinoue caeeth/aiey eeoeaiceiiiiai
aeiaiai?a aicieeaao oieueei a neo/aa naiaiaeiiai aieaecuyaeaiey noi?ii.

Aiaeece?othony nouanoaothuea a eeoa?aoo?a oi/ee c?aiey ioiineoaeueii
i?aaeiaoa eeoeaiceiiiiai aeiaiai?a: iaoaio, eneeth/eoaeueiia i?aai,
auoaeathuaa ec iaoaioa, ecia?aoaiea eee i?aai ia eniieueciaaiea
?acoeueoaoia iao/ii-oaoie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, auoaeathuaa ec
aeiaiai?a. Aeaeaaony auaiae, /oi a ea/anoaa i?aaeiaoa eeoeaiceiiiiai
aeiaiai?a aunooiaao eeoeaicey (?ac?aoaiea) ia eniieueciaaiea ?acoeueoaoa
oai?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, a iineaaeiee a naith i/a?aaeue yaeyaony
iauaeoii niaeaoaiey. A?aoiaioe?oaony oi/ea c?aiey, /oi oa?aeoa?iue
i?eciae iauaeoa eeoeaiceiiiiai aeiaiai?a – iaee/ea io?aiiiai aeieoiaioa.

?anniao?eaaaony i?aaiaia iieiaeaiea noi?ii aeiaiai?a. Iiae/a?eeaaaony,
/oi eeoeaiceaoii iiaeao auoue oieueei iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeue. Aeaoaeueii
aiaeece?othony i?aaa niaeaaeaeueoeaa io?aiiiai aeieoiaioa e aiineony
i?aaeeiaeaiea i?aaeinoaaeoue eaaeaeiio ec ieo i?aai caeeth/aoue aeiaiai?
iaeneeth/eoaeueiie eeoeaicee. Iainiiauaaaony auaiae, /oi ?aaeeciaaoue
i?aai, i?aaeinoaaeaiiia ii eeoeaiceiiiiio aeiaiai?o, iiaeao oieueei
eeoeaiceao-noauaeo i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe. I?aaeeaaaaony
caeiiiaeaoaeueii cae?aieoue i?aai noi?ii aeeth/aoue a aeiaiai? cai?ao
eeoeaiceaoo iiaeaaaoue ene i i?eciaiee iaoaioa ia iauaeo
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui.

Enneaaeothony aiciiaeiua aeaeu aiciaa?aaeaeaiey. Iieacuaathony
i?aeiouanoaa ?iyeoe, iaooaeueiuo e eiiaeie?iaaiiuo ieaoaaeae.

Iniaia aieiaiea oaeaeaii ?eneai, eioi?ui iiaeaa?aathony eiio?aaaiou, e
noaeueaa aeiaiai?a a neo/aa i?ae?auaiey aeaenoaey iaoaioa eee i?eciaiey
aai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui. Aeaeaaony auaiae, /oi «?ene i?eciaiey iaoaioa
iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui» ianao iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeue, a i?e iaee/ee aeiaiai?iuo
ioiioaiee – eiio?aaaio. Iaeiaei noi?iiu iiaoo caeeth/eoue
aeiiieieoaeueiia niaeaoaiea ii ?ani?aaeaeaieth ?eneia. Iainiiauaaaony
iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?aaeinoaaeoue noi?iiai i?aai i?aaeoniao?eaaoue a
aeiaiai?a aiciiaeiinoue aai iaeiinoi?iiiaai ?anoi?aeaiey.
?anniao?eaathony iniiaaiey e iineaaenoaey i?ae?auaiey i?aaiioiioaiee.

Noi?ioee?iaaiu i?aaeeiaeaiey ii niaa?oainoaiaaieth aeaenoaothuaai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, a /anoiinoe, ioiineoaeueii i?aa e iaycaiiinoae
iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaey. ?acoeueoaou ?aaiou io?aaeaiu a i?iaeoa aeaau
A?aaeaeaineiai eiaeaena Oe?aeiu «Eeoeaiceiiiue aeiaiai? a iaoaioiii
i?aaa».

Eeth/aaua neiaa: eeoeaiceiiiue aeiaiai?, eeoeaicey, eeoeaicea?,
eeoeaiceao, ecia?aoaiea, iieaciay iiaeaeue, i?iiuoeaiiue ia?acaoe,
iaoaioiiaeaaeaoaeue, i?iiuoeaiiay nianoaaiiinoue, eioaeeaeooaeueiay
nianoaaiiinoue.

Krizhna V.N. The licensing agreement – legal form of realization of the
patent rights. – Manuscript.

Thesis for a Candidate of Sciences degree in Law, speciality 12.00.03 –
Civil Law and Civil Procedure; Family Law; International Private Law. –
National Law Academy of Ukraine named after Yaroslav Mudry, Kharkiv,
1999.

The thesis is devoted to the research of the licensing agreement in
patent law. The author gives the concept of this agreement, its types
and legal nature. The correlation of voluntary and forced licences is
given in this work. The author describes her own approach to the
definition of the legal nature of this agreement and its place in the
system of civil-law contract. The differentiation between the licensing
agreement in patent law and an analogous one in copyright and the
contract on transition of the know-how has been carried out. The subject
matter and the object of the agreement, the legal position of the
parties and all possible types of fees have been researched. Special
attention is paid to the risk, which exist for the contra-agents and to
the destiny of this agreement in the case of termination of the patent
operation or when the patent is recognized void. The author has
formulated some propositions on perfection of the legislation in force,
in particular, concerning the rights and duties of the patenter. The
results of the work are depicted in the draft chapter of Civil Code of
Ukraine «The licensing agreement in patent law».

Key words: licensing agreement, licence, licensor, licensee, invention,
utility model, industrial model, patenter, industrial property,
intellectual property.

A?aeiia?aeii aei iaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oeae oa?i?i
aoaea aeei?enoiaoaaoeny aeey iicia/aiiy aeiaoiae?a, ei?enieo iiaeaeae ?
i?iieneiaeo c?ace?a.

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